This chapter may be cited as the “National Housing Act.”

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246.)

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, as amended, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Pub. L. 111–372, §1(a), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4077, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 1701q and 1701q–2 of this title and section 1437f of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 1701q of this title] may be cited as the ‘Section 202 Supportive Housing for the Elderly Act of 2010’.”

Pub. L. 111–203, title XIV, §1441, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2163, provided that: “This subtitle [subtitle D (§§1441–1452) of title XIV of Pub. L. 111–203, enacting sections 1701p–2 and 1701x–1 of this title and section 8108 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and amending sections 1701x and 2604 of this title and section 3533 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Expand and Preserve Home Ownership Through Counseling Act’.”

Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title IV, §1401, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2800, provided that: “This title [enacting section 1715z–23 of this title and section 1639a of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and amending section 1708 of this title] may be cited as the ‘HOPE for Homeowners Act of 2008’.”

Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, §2001, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2830, provided that: “This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Foreclosure Prevention Act of 2008’.”

Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2101, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2830, provided that: “This title [enacting sections 1706f and 1715z–24 of this title, amending sections 1701x, 1703, 1707 to 1709, 1711, 1715y, 1715z–12, 1715z–13, 1715z–20, and 1735c of this title and section 1014 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, repealing sections 1715m, 1715z–2, and 1715z–10 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 1701x, 1703, 1709, and 1710 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 12712 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the ‘FHA Modernization Act of 2008’.”

Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2111, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2830, provided that: “This subtitle [subtitle A (§§2111–2133) of title I of div. B of Pub. L. 110–289, enacting section 1715z–24 of this title, amending sections 1701x, 1707 to 1709, 1711, 1715y, 1715z–12, 1715z–13, 1715z–20, and 1735c of this title and section 1014 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, repealing sections 1715m, 1715z–2, and 1715z–10 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 1701x, 1709, and 1710 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 12712 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the ‘Building American Homeownership Act of 2008’.”

Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2141, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2844, provided that: “This subtitle [subtitle B (§§2141–2150) of title I of div. B of Pub. L. 110–289, enacting section 1706f of this title, amending section 1703 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1703 of this title] may be cited as the ‘FHA Manufactured Housing Loan Modernization Act of 2008’.”

Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title VIII, §2831, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2867, provided that: “This subtitle [subtitle B (§§2831–2835) of title VIII of div. B of Pub. L. 110–289, enacting section 1715s of this title and sections 1437z–8 and 11403f–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 1701q and 1715r of this title and sections 1437f, 1485, 3545, 11403g, 11403h, 11404, 11405, 11405b, 11406, 11407, and 11407b of Title 42, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1715s of this title] may be cited as the ‘Housing Tax Credit Coordination Act of 2008’.”

Pub. L. 110–37, §1, June 18, 2007, 121 Stat. 229, provided that: “This Act [amending section 1715z–13a of this title] may be cited as the ‘Native American Home Ownership Opportunity Act of 2007’.”

Pub. L. 109–240, §1, July 10, 2006, 120 Stat. 515, provided that: “This Act [amending section 1715z–7 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Rural Health Care Capital Access Act of 2006’.”

Pub. L. 108–213, §1, Apr. 1, 2004, 118 Stat. 571, provided that: “This Act [amending section 1715k of this title] may be cited as the ‘Energy Efficient Housing Technical Correction Act’.”

Pub. L. 108–186, title III, §302(a), Dec. 16, 2003, 117 Stat. 2692, provided that: “This section [amending sections 1713, 1715e, 1715k, 1715*l*, 1715v, and 1715y of this title] may be cited as the ‘FHA Multifamily Loan Limit Adjustment Act of 2003’.”

Pub. L. 108–91, §1, Oct. 3, 2003, 117 Stat. 1158, provided that: “This Act [amending section 1715z–7 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1715z–7 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Hospital Mortgage Insurance Act of 2003’.”

Pub. L. 107–326, §1, Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2792, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 1712a of this title, amending sections 1709, 1713, 1715e, 1715k, 1715*l*, 1715v, 1715y, 1715z–10, and 1721 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 1721 of this title] may be cited as the ‘FHA Downpayment Simplification Act of 2002’.”

Pub. L. 106–569, §1(a), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2944, provided that: “This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘American Homeownership and Economic Opportunity Act of 2000’.”

Pub. L. 106–569, title VIII, §801, Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 3018, provided that: “This title [amending sections 1701q and 1715z–1 of this title and sections 8013, 13631, and 13632 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 1701q and 1715z–1 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Affordable Housing for Seniors and Families Act’.”

Pub. L. 106–281, §1, Oct. 6, 2000, 114 Stat. 865, provided that: “This Act [amending section 1709 of this title] may be cited as the ‘FHA Downpayment Simplification Extension Act of 2000’.”

Pub. L. 106–74, title V, §501(a), Oct. 20, 1999, 113 Stat. 1100, provided that: “This title [enacting section 1701q–2 of this title, amending sections 1701q, 1701q–2, 1715z–1, 1715z–1a, 1715z–11a, and 4113 of this title and sections 1437f and 8013 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacting provisions set out as notes in sections 1701q and 1715z–1 of this title and section 12701 of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1437f of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Preserving Affordable Housing for Senior Citizens and Families into the 21st Century Act’.”

Pub. L. 105–65, title V, §510, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1385, provided that: “This title [enacting section 1437z–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 1708, 1715z–1, 1715z–4a, 1715z–19, 1735f–14, 1735f–15, 1735f–19, and 4565 of this title, section 1516 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, section 6103 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 503, 1437f, and 1437z of Title 42, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1735f–14 and 1735f–15 of this title and sections 503, 1437f, and 1437z–1 of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 1437f of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act of 1997’.”

Pub. L. 104–120, §1, Mar. 28, 1996, 110 Stat. 834, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 1490p–2 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 1715z–20, 1715z–22, and 1721 of this title and sections 1437d, 1437e, 1437n, 1479, 1485, 1490p–2, and 5308 of Title 42, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 4101 of this title and sections 1437d, 1437f, 5305, and 12805 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Housing Opportunity Program Extension Act of 1996’.”

Pub. L. 103–233, §1(a), Apr. 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 342, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 1735f–19 and 1735f–20 of this title and sections 1437x, 3547, 5321, and 12840 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 1701z–11, 1713, 1715e, 1715k, 1715y, 1715z–1a, 1715z–3, and 1735c of this title and sections 1437a, 1437d, 1437f, 1437g, 1437*l*, 3535, 4852, 5301, 5304, 5305, 5308, 5318, 12704, 12744, 12745, 12750, 12833, 12838, and 12893 of Title 42, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1701z–11, 1715n, and 1715z–1a of this title and sections 5301 and 5318 of Title 42, amending provisions set out as notes under sections 1707 and 1715z–1a of this title and section 3545 of Title 42, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 1701z–11 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Multifamily Housing Property Disposition Reform Act of 1994’.”

Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §541, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3794, provided that: “This subtitle [subtitle C (§§541–544) of title V of Pub. L. 102–550, enacting sections 1715z–22 and 1715z–22a of this title] may be cited as the ‘Multifamily Housing Finance Improvement Act’.”

Pub. L. 98–440, §1, Oct. 3, 1984, 98 Stat. 1689, provided: “That this Act [enacting section 77r–1 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and amending sections 24, 1451, 1454, 1455, 1464, 1717, 1723, 1723a, 1723c, and 1757 of this title and sections 78c, 78g, 78h, and 78k of Title 15] may be cited as the ‘Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984’.”

Pub. L. 98–181, §1(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1155, provided that: “Titles I through XI of this Act [enacting sections 635i–1, 635i–2, 635*o* to 635t, 1701g–5b, 1701p–1, 1701r–1, 1701z–10a, 1715z–12 to 1715z–18, and 3901 to 3912 of this title, section 1671g of Title 19, Customs Duties, sections 276c–3, 283z–3, 285x, 285y, 286b–2, 286e–1i, 286y, 286z, 286aa to 286gg, and 290g–12 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and sections 1437*o* to 1437q, 1490k to 1490*o*, and 3542 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 635, 635a, 635a–2, 635a–3, 635a–4, 635b, 635e, 635f, 635g, 1437, 1701j–2, 1701j–3, 1701q, 1701s, 1701x, 1701z–1, 1703, 1706d, 1706e, 1707, 1709, 1710, 1713, 1715e, 1715h, 1715k, 1715*l*, 1715n, 1715u, 1715v, 1715w, 1715y, 1715z, 1715z–1, 1715z–1a, 1715z–5, 1715z–6, 1715z–7, 1715z–9, 1715z–10, 1721, 1735, 1735b, 1735c, 1735f–4, 1735f–8, 1735f–9, 1748h–1, 1748h–2, 1749bb, 1749aaa, 1749bbb to 1749bbb–2, 1749bbb–5 to 1749bbb–20, 1812, 2602, 2607, 2614, 2617, 2803, 2807, 2809, 2810, 3202, 3602, 3606, 3609, 3612, 3618, 3620, 3703, and 3804 of this title, sections 1671a and 1671b of Title 19, sections 262d, 286b, 286c, 286e–2, and 286q of Title 22, sections 1437a, 1437c, 1437d, 1437f, 1437g, 1437n, 1437*l*, 1439, 1452, 1452b, 1456, 1471, 1472, 1474, 1476, 1479 to 1481, 1483 to 1487, 1490, 1490a, 1490c, 1490e, 1490f, 1490j, 1500c–2, 2414, 3103, 3936, 4003, 4011 to 4020, 4022 to 4025, 4026, 4027, 4041, 4051 to 4054, 4055, 4056, 4071, 4072, 4081 to 4084, 4101 to 4107, 4121 to 4123, 4127, 4128, 5301, 5302 to 5308, 5312, 5316, 5318, 6872, 8007, 8010, and 8107 of Title 42, and section 2166 of the Appendix to Title 50, War and National Defense, repealing sections 1709–1, 1720, and 1723e of this title, section 484b of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and sections 1482, 1490g, 1490i, 1500c, 3901, 3902 to 3906, 3908, 3909, 3911, 3914, 4511 to 4524, and 4528 to 4532 of Title 42, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 635, 635a, 635*o*, 1701q, 1701z–6, 1709, 1713, 1715z–14, 1720, 2602, 3620, and 3901 of this title, section 484b of former Title 40, and sections 602, 1436a, 1437a, 1437f, 1441, 1472, 1490a, 3901, 4015, 4122, 4518, 5316, and 5318 of Title 42, amending provisions set out as notes under section 5301 of Title 42, and repealing provisions set out as notes under sections 1709–1 and 1723 of this title and sections 1437a and 3901 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Domestic Housing and International Recovery and Financial Stability Act’.”

Pub. L. 98–181, §1(b), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1155, provided that: “Titles I through V of this Act [enacting sections 1701g–5b, 1701p–1, 1701r–1, 1701z–10a, and 1715z–12 to 1715z–18 of this title and sections 1437*o* to 1437q, 1490k to 1490*o*, and 3542 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 1701j–2, 1701j–3, 1701q, 1701s, 1701x, 1701z–1, 1703, 1706d, 1706e, 1707, 1709, 1710, 1713, 1715e, 1715h, 1715k, 1715*l*, 1715n, 1715u, 1715v, 1715w, 1715y, 1715z, 1715z–1, 1715z–1a, 1715z–5, 1715z–6, 1715z–7, 1715z–9, 1715z–10, 1721, 1735, 1735b, 1735c, 1735f–4, 1735f–8, 1735f–9, 1748h–1, 1748h–2, 1749bb, 1749aaa, 1749bbb to 1749bbb–2, 1749bbb–5 to 1749bbb–20, 2602, 2607, 2614, 2617, 3602, 3606, 3609, 3612, 3618, 3620, 3703, and 3804 of this title, and sections 1437a, 1437c, 1437d, 1437f, 1437g, 1437n, 1437*l*, 1439, 1452, 1452b, 1456, 1471, 1472, 1474, 1476, 1479 to 1481, 1483 to 1487, 1490, 1490a, 1490c, 1490e, 1490f, 1490j, 1500c–2, 2414, 3103, 3936, 4003, 4011 to 4020, 4022 to 4025, 4026, 4027, 4041, 4051 to 4054, 4055, 4056, 4071, 4072, 4081 to 4084, 4101 to 4107, 4121 to 4123, 4127, 4128, 5301, 5302 to 5308, 5312, 5316, 5318, 6872, 8007, 8010, and 8107 of Title 42, repealing sections 1709–1, 1720, and 1723e of this title, section 484b of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and sections 1482, 1490g, 1490i, 1500c, 3901, 3902 to 3906, 3908, 3909, 3911, 3914, 4511 to 4524, and 4528 to 4532 of Title 42, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1701q, 1701z–6, 1709, 1713, 1715z–14, 1720, 2602, and 3620 of this title, section 484b of former Title 40, and sections 602, 1436a, 1437a, 1437f, 1441, 1472, 1490a, 3901, 4015, 4122, 4518, 5316, and 5318 of Title 42, amending provisions set out as notes under section 5301 of Title 42, and repealing provisions set out as notes under sections 1709–1 and 1723 of this title and sections 1437a and 3901 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Housing and Urban-Rural Recovery Act of 1983’.”

Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §311(a), Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1115, provided that: “This section [amending section 1715z–10 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Homeownership Opportunity Act of 1979’.”

Pub. L. 95–630, title VII, §701, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3687, provided that: “This title [amending section 1730 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Change in Savings and Loan Control Act of 1978’.”

Pub. L. 95–24, §1, Apr. 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 55, provided: “That this Act [amending sections 1706e, 1715k, 1715*l*, 1735c, 1749bbb, and 1749bbb–8 of this title and sections 1437c, 1437f, 1437g, and 1451 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1441 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Supplemental Housing Authorization Act of 1977’.”

Pub. L. 94–375, §1, Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1067, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 1701z–7 of this title, amending sections 1464, 1701j–2, 1701q, 1701z–1 to 1701z–3, 1706e, 1713, 1715e, 1715k, 1715*l*, 1715v, 1715y, 1715z, 1715z–1, 1715z–6, 1715z–9, 1715z–10, 1723, 1723a, 1723e, 1735b, 1735c, 2708, 2709, and 2710 of this title, section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, section 461 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, sections 1437a, 1437c, 1437f, 1437g, 1452b, 1480, 1490, 1490a, 3535, 4056, 4106, 4127, 4521, 5303, 5305, 5307, and 5316 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1437c and 1723e of this title, section 461 of former Title 40, and section 1382 of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 1715e and 1723e of this title] may be cited as the ‘Housing Authorization Act of 1976’.”

Pub. L. 94–13, prec. §1, Apr. 8, 1975, 89 Stat. 68, provided: “That this Act [amending section 1749bbb of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1749bbb of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Insurance Development Act of 1975’.”

Pub. L. 93–449, §1, Oct. 18, 1974, 88 Stat. 1364, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 1723e of this title, amending sections 347b, 1430, 1464, 1703, and 1709 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1723e of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1904 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Emergency Home Purchase Assistance Act of 1974’.”

Pub. L. 91–609, §1, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1770, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 1466a, 1701z–1 to 1701z–4, 1709–2, 1735f–2, 1749bbb–6a, and 1749bbb–10a to 1749bbb–10d of this title; sections 694a and 694b of Title 15, Commerce and Trade; and chapter 59 (§§4501 et seq. and 4511 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare; amending sections 371, 1431, 1432, 1464, 1701s, 1701x, 1703, 1712, 1715c, 1715e, 1715h, 1715*l*, 1715z, 1715z–1, 1715z–3, 1715z–6, 1715z–7, 1717, 1718, 1730a, 1735b to 1735d, 1748h–1, 1748h–2, 1749, 1749bb, 1749cc, 1749aaa, 1749bbb, 1749bbb–2, 1749bbb–7, 1749bbb–8, 1749bbb–11 to 1749bbb–15, 1813, and 1817 of this title; sections 692 to 694 and 1705 of title 15; section 617 of Title 16, Conservation; section 1014 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure; section 803 of Title 20, Education; sections 461 and 484b of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works; and sections 1401, 1402, 1410, 1415, 1421b, 1453, 1456, 1458, 1460, 1465, 1471, 1474, 1478, 1484 to 1487, 1490, 1492, 1500 to 1500d–1, 3108, 3311, 3356, 3533, 3535, 3906, 3907, and 3911 of Title 42; repealing sections 1701d–3 1701e, and 1701f of this title and sections 1436, 1452a, 3372, and 3373 of Title 42; enacting provisions set out as notes under section 694a of Title 15, and sections 1402, 1415, 1436, 1453, 1500 and 4501 of Title 42; amending provisions set out as notes under sections 1701c, 1716b, and 1749bbb of this title; and repealing provisions set out as notes under sections 1464 and 1701e of this title and section 1456 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970’.”

Pub. L. 91–351, §1, July 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 450, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 1451 to 1459 and 1715z–8 of this title, and section 3941 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 82, 371, 1464, 1709–1, 1715z–3, 1717, 1719, 1720, 1726, 1730a, and 1749 of this title, and section 3906 of Title 42, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1430, 1451, 1710, and 1715z–8 of this title, and section 1452 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Emergency Home Finance Act of 1970’.”

Pub. L. 91–152, §1, Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 379, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 806 and 807 of Title 20, Education, section 484b of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and sections 1490d and 4056 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 1425, 1464, 1701q, 1701s, 1701u, 1703, 1706d, 1707, 1709, 1709–1, 1713, 1715d, 1715e, 1715h, 1715k, 1715*l*, 1715m, 1715n, 1715v, 1715w, 1715y, 1715z, 1715z–1, 1715z–2, 1715z–3, 1717, 1720, 1727, 1748h–1, 1748h–2, 1749, 1749bb, 1749aaa, 1749bbb–8, 1749bbb–9, and 1749bbb–15 of this title, section 1702 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, sections 801 to 805, and 811 of Title 20, section 461 of former Title 40, sections 1402, 1409, 1410, 1414, 1415, 1421b, 1441c, 1451, 1452, 1452b, 1453, 1455, 1460, 1463, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1468a, 1469b, 1483, 1485, 1487, 1489, 1496, 1500a, 3102, 3108, 3311, 3356, 3371, 3372, 3911, 4001, 4012, 4022, 4102, and 4121, of Title 42, and sections 1603 and 1604 of Title 49, Transportation, repealing section 1488 of Title 42, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1727 of this title, and section 1402 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Housing and Urban Development Act of 1969’.”

Pub. L. 90–448, §1, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 476, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 1701t to 1701z, 1715z to 1715z–7, 1716b and 1749bbb to 1749bbb–21 of this title, sections 1701 to 1720 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and sections 1417a, 1441a to 1441c, 1468a, 1469 to 1469c, 1490a to 1490c, 3533a, 3901 to 3914, 3931 to 3940, 4001, 4011 to 4027, 4041, 4051 to 4055, 4071, 4072, 4081 to 4084, 4101 to 4103, and 4121 to 4127 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 24, 371, 378, 1431, 1432, 1436, 1464, 1701d–4, 1701q, 1701s, 1703, 1709, 1709–1, 1715c, 1715e, 1715k to 1715*o*, 1715q, 1715r, 1715w to 1715y, 1716, 1717 to 1723a, 1723c, 1735c, 1735d, 1748h–2, 1749, 1749b, 1749c, 1749aaa and 1757 of this title, sections 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, sections 633 and 636 of Title 15, section 709 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, sections 801, 802 and 805 of Title 20, Education, section 846 of former Title 31, Money and Finance, section 1820 [now 3720] of Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits, sections 461, 462 and 612 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property and Works, section 207 of former Title 40, Appendix, sections 1401, 1402, 1403, 1410, 1415, 1420, 1421b, 1436, 1451, 1452 to 1453, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1460, 1462, 1465 to 1468, 1483, 1484, 1492, 1500a, 1500d, 2414, 3101, 3102, 3104, 3108, 3311, 3331, 3332, 3335, 3336, 3338, 3356, 3372, 3534 and 3535 of Title 42, and sections 1603 to 1605 and 1608 of Title 49, Transportation, repealing sections 1417, 2401 to 2413 and 2415 to 2421 of Title 42, and note set out under section 2401 of Title 42, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 1701c, 1709, 1709–1, 1715z, 1715z–1, 1716b, 1717, 1721 and 1749bbb of this title, section 7313 of Title 5, section 1701 of Title 15, and sections 1417, 1436, 1452, 1469, 3901 and 4001 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968’.”

Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1101, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 555, provided that: “This title [enacting subchapter IX–C of chapter 13 of this title and section 3533a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 1701s(c)(2)(E), 1709(h) and 1735d(b) of this title, section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, section 636 of Title 15, and section 1462 of Title 42, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 7313 of Title 5] may be cited as the ‘Urban Property Protection and Reinsurance Act of 1968’.”

Pub. L. 90–255, §1, Feb. 14, 1968, 82 Stat. 5, provided: “That this Act [amending section 1730a of this title] may be cited as the ‘Savings and Loan Holding Company Amendments of 1967’.”

Pub. L. 89–429, §1, May 24, 1966, 80 Stat. 164, provided: “That this act [enacting section 745 of Title 20, Education, amending sections 1717, 1720(c), 1749(d), and 1757(7) of this title, section 1988(c) of Title 7, Agriculture, and section 743(c) of Title 20, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1717 of this title and section 262 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees] may be cited as the ‘Participation Sales Act of 1966’.”

Pub. L. 89–117, §1, Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 451, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 1701s and 1735c to 1735h, and subchapter IX–A of chapter 13 of this title, subchapter IV–A of chapter 14B of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and sections 1421b, 1466 to 1468, 1500c–1, 1500c–2, 1500c–3, and 1487 to 1490, and chapters 36 and 37 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and provisions set out as notes under sections 1701d–3, 1701q, and 1749 of this title, section 462 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and sections 1451, 1453, 1455, 1460, 1465, 1466, and 3074 of Title 42, amending sections 371, 1464, 1701q, 1701*o*, 1701h, 1702, 1703, 1706c, 1709, 1710, 1713, 1715, 1715c, 1715e, 1715h, 1715k, 1715*l*, 1715m, 1715n, 1715t, 1715v, 1715w, 1715x, 1715y, 1717, 1718, 1720, 1721, 1727, 1739, 1743, 1744, 1747f, 1747g, 1748b, 1748h, 1748h–1, 1748h–2, 1749, 1749c, 1750, 1750c, and 1750g of this title, sections 633 and 671 of Title 15, sections 802 and 803 of Title 20, Education, sections 1804 [now 3704] and 1816 [now 3732] of Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits, sections 461 and 462 of former Title 40, sections 1402, 1410, 1412, 1415, 1421a, 1422, 1451, 1452, 1452b, 1453, 1455, 1456, 1460, 1463, 1465, 1471, 1472, 1476, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1485, 1492, 1500, 1500a, 1500b, 1500c, 1500d, and 1500e of Title 42, and sections 1605 and 1608 of Title 49, Transportation, and repealing sections 1715j, 1737, 1740, 1747i, 1748a, 1748c, 1750a and 1750d of this title] may be cited as the ‘Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965’.”

Pub. L. 88–560, §1, Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 769, provided: “That this act [enacting sections 1730b, 1735a, and 1735b of this title, sections 801 to 805 and 811 of Title 20, Education, and sections 1452b, 1465, and 1486 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 24, 371, 1430, 1431, 1436, 1464, 1701q, 1703, 1709, 1710, 1713, 1715c, 1715e, 1715k to 1715n, 1715r, 1715u to 1715y, 1717, 1719 to 1721, 1723b, 1723c, 1726, 1739, 1748h–2, 1749c, and 1750c of this title, sections 636 and 637 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, sections 1820 and 1823 of Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits, sections 461 and 462 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property and Works, and sections 1402, 1410, 1415, 1436, 1451, 1452, 1452a, 1453, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1460, 1476, 1481 to 1483, 1485, 1492, 1500a, and 1504a of Title 42, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1713 of this title, section 461 of former Title 40, and sections 1415, 1451, 1455, 1460, and 1465 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Housing Act of 1964’.”

Pub. L. 87–723, §1, Sept. 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 670, provided: “That this Act [enacting section 1701r of this title and section 1485 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and amending sections 84 and 1701q of this title and sections 1471, 1472, 1474, 1476 and 1481 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Senior Citizens Housing Act of 1962.’ ”

Pub. L. 87–70, §1, June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 149, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 1715x and 1715y of this title and sections 1436, 1484, 1497 and 1500 to 1500e of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 371, 1464, 1701c, 1701q, 1703, 1709, 1710, 1713, 1715, 1715c, 1715e, 1715h, 1715j, 1715k, 1715*l*, 1715n, 1715*o*, 1715q, 1715r, 1715t, 1715v, 1715w, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1723a, 1723b, 1748b, 1748h–2, 1749, 1749b, 1749c, and 1750jj of this title, section 631, 633 and 636 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, sections 461 and 462 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and sections 1402, 1410, 1415, 1421, 1421a, 1434, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1460, 1463, 1471, 1472, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1491, 1492, 1493, and 1594i of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1592c of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Housing Act of 1961’.”

Pub. L. 86–372, §1, Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 654, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 1701q, 1715t to 1715w, and 1748–2 of this title, and section 1463 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 24, 1464, 1703, 1706c, 1709, 1710, 1713, 1715c to 1715e, 1715h, 1715k–1715m, 1715r, 1717, 1719 to 1721, 1723b, 1731a, 1747, 1748b, 1748g, 1748h–1, 1749, 1749a, 1749c, and 1750jj of this title, sections 461 and 462 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property and Works, and sections 1401, 1402, 1410, 1415, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1460, 1586, 1594a and 1594j of Title 42, repealing section 1715i of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1720 and 1721 of this title and under sections 1456, 1460, 1476 and 1592c of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Housing Act of 1959’.”

Act Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, §1, 70 Stat. 1091, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 1701d–3 and 1701h–1, of this title and sections 1462, 1496, 1589d, and 1594f of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare; amending sections 1464, 1703, 1709, 1713, 1715e, 1715h, 1715k, 1715*l*, 1715r, 1717 to 1721, 1748, 1748b and 1749 of this title; section 694*l* of former Title 38, Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans’ Relief; section 461 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works; and sections 1402, 1410, 1412, 1415, 1421, 1451, 1452, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1460, 1481 to 1483, 1594, 1594a, 1594b, 1594c of Title 42; repealing section 1411b of Title 42; and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1703 of this title and under sections 1481, 1592c and 1594 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Housing Act of 1956’.”

Act Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, §1, 69 Stat. 635, provided: “That this Act [enacting section 1701d–2 of this title and sections 1491 to 1495 and 1594 to 1594e of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare; amending sections 1426, 1427, 1437, 1464, 1703, 1710, 1713, 1715e, 1715h, 1715k, 1715*l*, 1715n, 1715r, 1720, 1726, 1729, 1739, 1748 to 1748g, 1749, 1749c of this title; section 462 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works; sections 1410, 1451, 1453, 1456, 1460, 1481 to 1483, 1585 and 1591c of Title 42; and sections 480, 480a, 721, 721a, 910, 910a, 1408, 1408b, and 1408c of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions; repealing sections 1748g–1 and 1748h of this title; and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1426, 1715e, and 1749 of this title; section 1594 of Title 42; and under sections 480 and 1408 of Title 48] may be cited as the ‘Housing Amendments of 1955’.”

Act Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title III, §304, 69 Stat. 646, provided that the amendments to sections 1749 and 1749c of this title by act Aug. 11, 1955, may be cited as the “College Housing Amendments of 1955”.

Act Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, §1, 68 Stat. 590, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 1701j–1, 1701n to 1701p, 1702a, 1715k to 1715s, 1722 to 1723d, 1731a, 1731b, 1746a and 1750aa to 1750jj of this title; sections 460 to 462 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works; and sections 1411d, 1434, 1435, 1446, 1450, 1452a, 1455a, and 1589c of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare; amending sections 24, 1430, 1431, 1436, 1464, 1701, 1703, 1706c, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1713, 1715c, 1715e, 1715h, 1715j, 1716, 1717 to 1721, 1725, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1748b, 1749, 1750b, 1750c and 1750g of this title; section 709 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure; section 272 of Title 20, Education; section 694a of former Title 38, Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans’ Relief; section 459 of former Title 40; and sections 1407, 1410, 1415, 1416, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1459, 1460, 1481 to 1483, 1585, 1587, 1591c and 1592a of Title 42; repealing sections 1701j, 1706, 1716–1 and 1716a of this title; section 456 of former Title 40; sections 1451a, 1461 and 1551 of Title 42; and sections 484e, 724, and 1426 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions; and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1703, 1710, 1715n, 1715s, and 1716 of this title; section 846 of former Title 31, Money and Finance; and under sections 1434, 1446, and 1450 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Housing Act of 1954’.”

Section 201 of act Aug. 2, 1954, which generally amended subchapter III of this chapter, provided by section 312 of act June 27, 1934, as added to that act by section 201, that subchapter III of this chapter, may be referred to as the “Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act”.

Act June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §1, 67 Stat. 121, provided: “This Act [enacting sections 1715j and 1735 of this title, and sections 723 and 1425 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions; amending sections 1701j, 1706c(b), 1709, 1711(c)(i), 1715d, 1715e(d), 1715h, 1716(a), 1716–1, 1717, 1748b(a), (b), 1749(a), 1750b(a), and 1750g(b) of this title, sections 1402(10), 1456(e), 1460(g), 1591(a), 1591c, 1592d(c), and 1592n(e) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and section 2166(c) of the Appendix to Title 50, War and National Defense; and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1463 of this title, relating to dissolution and abolishment of the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation] may be cited as the ‘Housing Amendments of 1953’.”

Act July 14, 1952, ch. 723, §1, 66 Stat. 601, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 1701m, 1706d, and 1715i of this title and amending sections 1422, 1423, 1464, 1466, 1701g–2, 1707, 1713, 1715d, 1715h, 1716, 1717, 1726, 1736, 1745, 1747*l*, 1748, and 1750b of this title; sections 1481 to 1483, 1589a, 1592a, 1592*l*, and 1593 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare; and sections 484 and 484d of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions] may be cited as the ‘Housing Act of 1952’.”

Act Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, §1, 64 Stat. 48, provided that “This Act [enacting sections 1701j to 1701*l*, 1715e, 1715f, and 1749 to 1749c of this title and sections 1581 to 1589 and 1590 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare; amending sections 371, 1430, 1701c, 1703, 1705, 1706, 1706b, 1706c, 1707 to 1709, 1710 to 1715, 1715b, 1715c, 1716, 1717, 1720, 1721, 1736 to 1746, 1747 to 1747c, and 1747e to 1747*l* of this title, section 1017 of Title 7, Agriculture, section 604 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and sections 1412, 1521 to 1524, 1532, 1533, 1542 to 1548, 1552, 1553, 1561, 1571, 1572, and 1575 of Title 42; and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1701, 1701k, 1703, and 1709 of this title, section 1017 of Title 7, and section 1412 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Housing Act of 1950’.”

Act Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, §1, 62 Stat. 1268, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 1701c, 1701e to 1701g–3, 1702, 1703, 1709, 1710, 1713, 1716, 1738, 1743 to 1746, and 1747 to 1747*l* of this title; section 846 of former Title 31, Money and Finance; section 694 of former Title 38, Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans’ Relief; and section 1404a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the ‘Housing Act of 1948’.”

Pub. L. 106–569, title VIII, §802, Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 3018, provided that: “The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (referred to in this title as the ‘Secretary’) shall issue any regulations to carry out this title [see section 801 of Pub. L. 106–569, set out as a Short Title of 2000 Amendment note above] and the amendments made by this title that the Secretary determines may or will affect tenants of federally assisted housing only after notice and opportunity for public comment in accordance with the procedure under section 553 of title 5, United States Code, applicable to substantive rules (notwithstanding subsections (a)(2), (b)(B), and (d)(3) of such section). Notice of such proposed rulemaking shall be provided by publication in the Federal Register. In issuing such regulations, the Secretary shall take such actions as may be necessary to ensure that such tenants are notified of, and provided an opportunity to participate in, the rulemaking, as required by such section 553.”

Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2131, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2843, provided that: “Any mortgage insured under title II of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1707 et seq.] before the date of enactment of this subtitle [July 30, 2008] shall continue to be governed by the laws, regulations, orders, and terms and conditions to which it was subject on the day before the date of the enactment of this subtitle.”

Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2132, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2843, provided that: “The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall by notice establish any additional requirements that may be necessary to immediately carry out the provisions of this subtitle [subtitle A (§§2111–2133) of title I of div. B of Pub. L. 110–289, see Short Title of 2008 Amendment note above]. The notice shall take effect upon issuance.”

Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to provide a preference to native Hawaiians for housing assistance programs under this chapter for housing located on Hawaiian home lands, see section 958 of Pub. L. 101–625, set out as a note under section 1437f of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Assistance provided for in Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, National Housing Act, United States Housing Act of 1937, Housing Act of 1949, Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966, and Housing and Urban Development Acts of 1965, 1968, 1969, and 1970 not to be withheld or made subject to conditions by reason of tax-exempt status of obligations issued or to be issued for financing of assistance, except as otherwise provided by law, see section 817 of Pub. L. 93–383, set out as a note under section 5301 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

The Act of February 3, 1938, ch. 13, 52 Stat. 8, may be cited as the “National Housing Act Amendments of 1938.”

(Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §1, 52 Stat. 8.)

The National Housing Act Amendments of 1938, referred to in text, enacted sections 1715a, 1715b, and 1733 of this title and amended sections 24, 1703, 1707 to 1709, 1710 to 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, and section 1731 [see sections 433, 493, 657, 1006, and 1008 to 1010 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure] of this title.

Section was enacted as part of the National Housing Act Amendments of 1938, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

The Act of May 26, 1942, ch. 319, 56 Stat. 301, may be cited as the “National Housing Act Amendments of 1942”.

(May 26, 1942, ch. 319, §15, 56 Stat. 305.)

The National Housing Act Amendments of 1942, referred to in text, enacted section 1743 of this title, amended heading of subchapter VI of this chapter [preceding section 1736 of this title], amended sections 1703, 1715c, 1737, 1738, 1739, and 1740 of this title, and enacted provisions set out as a note under section 1743 of this title.

Section was enacted as part of the National Housing Act Amendments of 1942, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

In carrying out his functions, powers, and duties—

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may appoint such officers and employees as he may find necessary, which appointments shall be subject to the civil-service laws and chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5. The Secretary may make such expenditures as may be necessary to carry out his functions, powers, and duties, and there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary, out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums as may be necessary to carry out such functions, powers, and duties and for administrative expenses in connection therewith. The Secretary, without in any way relieving himself from final responsibility, may delegate any of his functions and powers to such officers, agents, or employees as he may designate, may authorize such successive redelegations of such functions and powers, as he may deem desirable, and may make such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out his functions, powers, and duties.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and the Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision, respectively, may, in addition to and not in derogation of any powers and authorities conferred elsewhere in this Act.

(1) with the consent of the agency or organization concerned, accept and utilize equipment, facilities, or the services of employees of any Federal, State, or local public agency or instrumentality, educational institution, or nonprofit agency or organization and, in connection with the utilization of such services, may make payments for transportation while away from their homes or regular places of business and per diem in lieu of subsistence en route and at place of such service, in accordance with the provisions of section 5703 of title 5;

(2) utilize, contract with and act through, without regard to section 6101 of title 41, any Federal, State, or local public agency or instrumentality, educational institution, or non-profit agency or organization with the consent of the agency or organization concerned, and any funds available to said officers for carrying out their respective functions, powers, and duties shall be available to reimburse or pay any such agency or organization; and, whenever in the judgment of any such officer necessary, he may make advance, progress, or other payments with respect to such contracts without regard to the provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of section 3324 of title 31; and

(3) make expenditures for all necessary expenses, including preparation, mounting, shipping, and installation of exhibits; purchase and exchange of technical apparatus; and such other expenses as may, from time to time, be found necessary in carrying out their respective functions, powers, and duties: *Provided*, That funds made available for administrative expenses in carrying out the functions, powers, and duties imposed upon the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and the Federal Home Loan Bank Board,1 respectively, by or pursuant to law may at their option be consolidated into a single administrative expense fund accounts of such officer or agency for expenditure by them, respectively, in accordance with the provisions hereof.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may utilize funds made available to him for salaries and expenses for payment in advance for dues or fees for library memberships in organizations (or for membership of the individual librarians in organizations which will not accept library membership) whose publications are available to members only, or to members at a price lower than to the general public, and for payment in advance for publications available only upon that basis or available at a reduced price on prepublication order.

(Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title V, §502, 62 Stat. 1283; Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, title XI, §1106(a), 63 Stat. 972; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title V, §503, 64 Stat. 80; Pub. L. 87–70, title IX, §909, June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 192; Pub. L. 90–19, §5(d)(1)–(3), (8)–(13), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 21; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §§202(b), 203(c), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2228, 2229; Pub. L. 100–242, title V, §570(a)(1), (3), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1949, 1950; Pub. L. 101–73, title III, §306, Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 352; Pub. L. 111–203, title III, §370, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1565.)

Pub. L. 111–203, title III, §§351, 370, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1546, 1565, provided that, effective on the transfer date, subsection (c) of this section is amended:

(1) in introductory provisions, by substituting “, the Comptroller of the Currency, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” for “and the Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision”; and

(2) in paragraph (3), by substituting “Agency” for “Board”.

See Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note below.

This Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is act Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, 62 Stat. 1268, as amended, known as the Housing Act of 1948. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1948 Amendments note set out under section 1701 of this title and Tables.

In subsec. (c)(2), “section 6101 of title 41” substituted for “section 3709 of the Revised Statutes” on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

Subsec. (b) of section 502 of act Aug. 10, 1948, is set out as section 1404a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing Act of 1948, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1989**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–73, §306(a), which directed the substitution of “Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision” for “Federal Home Loan Bank Board (which term as used in this section shall also include and refer to the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation, the Home Owners Loan Corporation, and the Chairman of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board)”, was executed as directed, except that “Home Owners’ ” rather than “Home Owners” appeared in the original in the language struck out.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 101–73, §306(b), substituted “of any Federal, State, or local” for “of any State or local”.

**1988**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–242, §570(a)(1), struck out “The Secretary of Commerce or his designee shall hereafter be included in the membership of the National Housing Council.”

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 100–242, §570(a)(3), inserted “and” at end.

**1984**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–479, §202(b)(1), substituted “chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5” for “the Classification Act of 1949, as amended”.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 98–479, §202(b)(2), substituted “section 5703 of title 5” for “5 U.S.C. 73b–2”.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 98–479, §203(c), substituted “subsections (a) and (b) of section 3324 of title 31” for “section 3648 of the Revised Statutes [31 U.S.C. 529]”.

**1967**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–19, §5(d)(1)–(3), substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” for “Housing and Home Finance Administrator” and “Secretary” for “Administrator” wherever appearing, and struck out provision for preparation of official seal and judicial notice thereof.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–19, §5(d)(8), (9), substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and the Federal Home Loan Bank Board” for “Housing and Home Finance Administrator, the Home Loan Bank Board” where it first appears and “Federal Home Loan Bank Board” for “Home Loan Bank Board, the Federal Housing Commissioner, and the Public Housing Commissioner”.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 90–19, §5(d)(10), (11), substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and the Federal Home Loan Bank Board” and “such officer or agency” for “Housing and Home Finance Administrator, the Home Loan Bank Board, the Federal Housing Commissioner, and the Public Housing Commissioner” and “said officers or agencies”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–19, §5(d)(12), (13), substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may utilize funds made available to him” for “Housing and Home Finance Administrator, the Federal Housing Commissioner and the Public Housing Commissioner, respectively, may utilize funds made available to them” and struck out “of the respective agencies” after “librarians”.

**1961**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 87–70, §909(1), struck out provisions which made section 5 of title 41 inapplicable to any purchase or contract by officers (or their agencies) for services or supplies if the amount thereof does not exceed $300.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 87–70, §909(2), added subsec. (d).

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, amended third sentence of subsec. (a) to authorize the Administrator to permit redelegation of functions and powers which he had delegated previously to officers, agents, and employees but this does not relieve him of any final responsibility, and inserted “or pay” after “reimburse” in subsec. (c)(2).

**1949**—Subsec. (a). Act Oct. 28, 1949, substituted “Classification Act of 1949” for “Classification Act of 1923”.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the transfer date, see section 351 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 906 of Title 2, The Congress.

Act Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, cited as a credit to this section, was repealed (subject to a savings clause) by Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, §8, 80 Stat. 632, 655.

Federal Home Loan Bank Board abolished and functions transferred, see sections 401 to 406 of Pub. L. 101–73, set out as a note under section 1437 of this title.

For assignment of certain emergency preparedness functions to Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, see Parts 1, 2, and 9 of Ex. Ord. No. 12656, Nov. 18, 1988, 53 F.R. 47491, set out as a note under section 5195 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Pub. L. 90–448, §5, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 477, as amended by Pub. L. 91–609, title IX, §918, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1816, directed Secretary to report annually to Committees on Banking and Currency of House and Senate, identifying specific areas of program administration and management which require improvement, describing actions taken and proposed, and recommendations for legislation, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 93–608, §1(9), Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1968.

Ex. Ord. No. 11196, Feb. 2, 1965, 30 F.R. 1171, which delegated functions to Housing and Home Finance Administrator, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12553, Feb. 25, 1986, 51 F.R. 7237.

1 So in original. Probably should refer to the Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision.

Section, act June 24, 1954, ch. 359, title I, §101, 68 Stat. 283, provided for promotion of economy, efficiency and fidelity in operations of Housing and Home Finance Agency by its Administrator, on and after June 24, 1954, under Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1947, eff. July 27, 1947, 12 F.R. 4981, 61 Stat. 954, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, through assignment and reassignment of functions, reorganizations, and reallocation and transfers of administrative expense funds and authority. Functions, powers, and duties of such agency, its head and other officers were transferred to and vested in the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development by Pub. L. 89–174, §5, Sept. 9, 1965, 79 Stat. 669, classified to section 3534 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Section, acts Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title V, §501(a), 62 Stat. 1283; Oct. 15, 1949, ch. 695, §3, 63 Stat. 880, provided for compensation of Housing and Home Finance Administrator.

Section 1701d–1, act July 15, 1949, ch. 338, title VI, §605, 63 Stat. 440, provided for appointment and duties of a Deputy Housing and Home Finance Administrator, including status of acting Administrator during absence, disability, or vacancy in office.

Section 1701d–2, act Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title I, §113, 69 Stat. 642, prescribed compensation of Community Facilities Commissioner at same rate established for heads of constituent agencies of the Housing and Home Finance Agency. See section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Section was previously repealed by Pub. L. 89–554, §8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 658.

Section, acts Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, title VI, §602, 70 Stat. 1113; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §13(b), 81 Stat. 24; Aug. 12, 1970, Pub. L. 91–375, §6(e), 84 Stat. 776, related to research and provided for: authorization for specific programs; contracts and working agreements, amount of authorization, appropriations, duration of contract, and unexpended balances of appropriations; dissemination of data; acquisition and use of data; and authority of Secretary. See sections 1701z–1 to 1701z–4 of this title.

(a) The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may exchange data relating to housing and urban planning and development with other nations and assemble such data from other nations, through participation in international conferences and other means, where such exchange or assembly is deemed by him to be beneficial in carrying out his responsibilities under the Department of Housing and Urban Development Act [42 U.S.C. 3531 et seq.] or other legislation. In carrying out his responsibilities under this subsection the Secretary may—

(1) pay the expenses of participation in activities conducted under authority of this section including, but not limited to, the compensation, travel expenses, and per diem in lieu of subsistence of persons serving in an advisory capacity while away from their homes or regular places of business in connection with attendance at international meetings and conferences, or other travel for the purpose of exchange or assembly of data relating to housing and urban planning and development; but such travel expenses shall not exceed those authorized for regular officers and employees traveling in connection with said activities; and

(2) accept from international organizations, foreign countries, and private nonprofit foundations, funds, services, facilities, materials, and other donations to be utilized jointly in carrying out activities under this section.

(b) International programs and activities carried out by the Secretary under the authority provided in subsection (a) of this section shall be subject to the approval of the Secretary of State for the purpose of assuring that such authority shall be exercised in a manner consistent with the foreign policy of the United States.

(Pub. L. 85–104, title VI, §604, July 12, 1957, 71 Stat. 305; Pub. L. 90–19, §14(b), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 24; Pub. L. 90–448, title XVII, §1709, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 606.)

The Department of Housing and Urban Development Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 89–174, Sept. 9, 1965, 79 Stat. 667, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 44 (§3531 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3531 of Title 42 and Tables.

Introductory provisions of subsec. (a) are set out in this supplement to correct an error in the main edition.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing Act of 1957, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–448 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted reference to assembly of data from other nations, and authorized payment of expenses of participation in activities conducted under authority of this section, and acceptance from international organizations, foreign countries, and private nonprofit foundations of funds, services, facilities, materials and other donations to be utilized jointly, and added subsec. (b).

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” and “Department of Housing and Urban Development” for “Housing and Home Finance Administrator” and “Housing and Home Finance Agency”, respectively.

Section 1701e, acts Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title III, §301, 62 Stat. 1276; July 15, 1949, ch. 338, title IV, §401, 63 Stat. 431; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §5(a), 81 Stat. 20; Aug. 12, 1970, Pub. L. 91–375, §6(f), 84 Stat. 776, related to development and promotion by Secretary of new housing construction techniques, materials, and methods, and provided for: improvement and standardization of building codes, contracts for research and studies, publications, and consolidation of functions and activities; reports to President and Congress on urban and rural nonfarm needs; and surveys and plans by local communities and cooperation by Federal agencies. See sections 1701z–1 to 1701z–4 of this title.

Section 1701f, acts Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title III, §302, 62 Stat. 1276; July 15, 1949, ch. 338, title IV, §401, 63 Stat. 431; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §5(b), 81 Stat. 21, provided for utilization of other Federal agencies; cooperative studies with industry, labor, etc.; and exercise of powers by Secretary. See sections 1701z–1 to 1701z–4 of this title.

Section, act Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title III, §304, as added July 15, 1949, ch. 338, title IV, §401, 63 Stat. 431, provided for appointment, powers, and compensation of a Director. Section was previously repealed by Pub. L. 89–534, §8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 655.

Sections 1701g to 1701g–3 were from sections 102 to 102c of the Housing Act of 1948, and provided for loans to aid production and distribution of prefabricated housing; provided for loans to assure maintenance of industrial capacity for production of such homes for national defense; provided for the powers of the Housing and Home Finance Administrator; and included mobile or portable houses within the term “prefabricated houses”. Authority for issuance of section 1701g obligations under section 1(4) of Reorg. Plan No. 23 of 1950 as terminating June 30, 1954, see section 1701g–5 of this title. Authority to make or purchase section 1701g–1 loans or obligations as terminating July 31, 1954, see section 1591c of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Section 1701g, act Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title I, §102, 62 Stat. 1275, amended Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title V, §501, 65 Stat. 311.

Section 1701g–1, act Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title I, §102a, added Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title V, §502, 65 Stat. 312.

Section 1701g–2, act Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title I, §102b, added Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title V, §502, 65 Stat. 312; amended July 14, 1952, ch. 723, §10(e), 66 Stat. 604.

Section 1701g–3, act Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title I, §102c, added Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title V, §502, 65 Stat. 312.

Section, which placed restrictions on loans, was from the Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1953, act July 5, 1952, ch. 578, title III, §301, 66 Stat. 415, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts.

Similar provisions were contained in Aug. 31, 1951, ch. 376, title IV, §401, 65 Stat. 287.

There is established as of June 30, 1954, a revolving fund, and the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development is authorized to credit said fund with all moneys hereafter obtained or now held by him or by any constituent agency of the Department of Housing and Urban Development or any other official thereof, and to account under said fund for all assets and liabilities, in connection with (1) community facilities provided or assisted under title II of the Lanham Act, as amended [42 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.], or under title III of the Defense Housing and Community Facilities and Services Act of 1951, as amended [42 U.S.C. 1592 et seq.]; (2) loans or advances made pursuant to title V of the War Mobilization and Reconversion Act of 1944 (58 Stat. 791), or the Act of October 13, 1949; (3) functions transferred under Reorganization Plan No. 23 of 1950, or authorized under sections 102, 102a, 102b, and 102c of the Housing Act of 1948, as amended [12 U.S.C. 1701g to 1701g–3]; (4) notes or other obligations purchased pursuant to the Alaska Housing Act, as amended (48 U.S.C. 484(a)); (5) subsistence homesteads and greentowns (Acts of June 29, 1936, 49 Stat. 2035, and May 19, 1949, 63 Stat. 68); (6) public war housing under title I of the Lanham Act, as amended [42 U.S.C. 1521 et seq.], and defense housing under title III of the Defense Housing and Community Facilities and Services Act of 1951, as amended [42 U.S.C. 1592 et seq.]; and (7) veterans’ re-use housing under title V of the Lanham Act, as amended [42 U.S.C. 1571 et seq.]: *Provided*, That said fund shall be available for all necessary expenses (including administrative expenses) in connection with the liquidation of the programs carried out pursuant to the foregoing provisions of law, including operation, maintenance, improvement, or disposition of facilities, and for disbursements pursuant to outstanding commitments against moneys herein authorized to be credited to said fund, repayment of obligations to the Treasury, and refinancing and refunding operations on existing loans: *Provided further*, That any amount in said fund which is determined to be in excess of requirements for the purposes hereof shall be declared and paid as liquidating dividends to the Treasury not less often than annually: *Provided further*, That after June 24, 1954, no additional notes or obligations shall be purchased from funds appropriated pursuant to the Alaska Housing Act, as amended (48 U.S.C. 484(d)), except for the furtherance or refinancing of an existing loan: *Provided further*, That except for extensions, or refinancing, of existing obligations the authority to issue obligations to the Secretary of the Treasury under section 1(4) of Reorganization Plan No. 23 of 1950, shall terminate on June 30, 1954.

(June 24, 1954, ch. 359, title II, §201, 68 Stat. 295.)

The Lanham Act, as amended, referred to in cls. (1), (6), and (7), is act Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 862, 54 Stat. 1125, as amended, known as the Lanham Public War Housing Act. Title I of the Lanham Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§1521 et seq.) of chapter 9 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Titles II and V of the Lanham Act were classified to subchapters III (§1531 et seq.) and VI (§1571 et seq.), respectively, of chapter 9 of Title 42, and were omitted from the Code. For further details, see References in Text note set out under section 1522 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1501 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Defense Housing and Community Facilities and Services Act, as amended, referred to in cls. (1) and (6), is act Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, 65 Stat. 293, as amended. Title III of the Act is classified generally to subchapter IX (§1592 et seq.) of chapter 9 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1951 Amendment note set out under section 1501 of Title 42 and Tables.

The War Mobilization and Reconversion Act of 1944, referred to in cl. (2), is act Oct. 3, 1944, ch. 480, 58 Stat. 785, as amended, which was classified to section 1651 et seq. of Title 50, Appendix, War and National Defense, and which has been omitted from the Code. Title V of the War Mobilization and Reconversion Act of 1944 was classified to section 1671 of Title 50, Appendix. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Act of October 13, 1949, referred to in cl. (2), is act Oct. 13, 1949, ch. 685, 63 Stat. 841, as amended, which was classified generally to subchapter I (§451 et seq.) of chapter 9 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works. Sections 1–5, 7, and 8 of the Act were repealed by Pub. L. 107–217, §6(b), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1304. Section 6 of the Act was repealed by act Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VIII, §802(b), 68 Stat. 642. See section 1701*o* of this title.

Reorganization Plan No. 23 of 1950, referred to in cl. (3) and in the last proviso, is set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

The Alaska Housing Act, as amended, referred to in cl. (3) and in the third proviso, is act Apr. 23, 1949, ch. 89, 63 Stat. 57, as amended, which was classified principally to sections 484 to 484d of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions and was omitted from the Code, except for section 2(a) of the Act, which added section 214 to the National Housing Act and which is classified to section 1715d of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Act June 29, 1936, 49 Stat. 2035, referred to in cl. (5), which related to resettlement or rural rehabilitation projects, and which was classified to sections 431 to 434 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, was repealed by act Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, §2(a)(1), 60 Stat. 1062. See chapter 50 (§1921 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture.

Act May 19, 1949, 63 Stat. 68, referred to in cl. (5), authorized the sale, without competitive bidding, of certain resettlement projects in Maryland, Wisconsin, and Ohio, and was not classified to the Code.

Section was enacted as a part of title II of the Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1955, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

The third and last provisos contained in the original have been omitted from this section. Those provisos contained limitations on amounts available during fiscal year 1955 for certain administrative and other expenses. Similar or related limitations were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Oct. 17, 1975, Pub. L. 94–116, title I, 89 Stat. 583.

Sept. 6, 1974, Pub. L. 93–414, title I, 88 Stat. 1096.

Oct. 26, 1973, Pub. L. 93–137, title I, 87 Stat. 492.

Aug. 14, 1972, Pub. L. 92–383, title I, 86 Stat. 541.

Aug. 10, 1971, Pub. L. 92–78, title I, 85 Stat. 273.

Dec. 17, 1970, Pub. L. 91–556, title IV, 84 Stat. 1462.

Nov. 16, 1969, Pub. L. 91–126, title III, 83 Stat. 241.

Oct. 4, 1968, Pub. L. 90–550, title III, 82 Stat. 955.

Nov. 3, 1967, Pub. L. 90–121, title II, 81 Stat. 359.

Sept. 6, 1966, Pub. L. 89–555, title II, 80 Stat. 686.

Aug. 16, 1965, Pub. L. 89–128, title II, 79 Stat. 541.

Aug. 30, 1964, Pub. L. 88–507, title II, 78 Stat. 664.

Dec. 19, 1963, Pub. L. 88–215, title II, 77 Stat. 446.

Oct. 3, 1962, Pub. L. 87–741, title II, 76 Stat. 738.

Aug. 17, 1961, Pub. L. 87–141, title II, 75 Stat. 362.

July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86–626, title II, 74 Stat. 443.

Sept. 14, 1959, Pub. L. 86–255, title II, 73 Stat. 516.

Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–844, title II, 72 Stat. 1080.

June 29, 1957, Pub. L. 85–69, title II, 71 Stat. 240.

June 27, 1956, ch. 452, title II, 70 Stat. 354.

May 19, 1956, ch. 313, Ch. V, 70 Stat. 166.

June 30, 1955, ch. 244, title II, 69 Stat. 213.

Functions of Housing and Home Finance Agency and Administrator thereof transferred to Secretary of Housing and Urban Development by section 5(a) of Department of Housing and Urban Development Act (Pub. L. 89–174, Sept. 9, 1965, 79 Stat. 669) which is classified to section 3534(a) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

The Secretary shall transfer all assets and liabilities of the fund established pursuant to section 717 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4518), to the Revolving fund (liquidating programs) established pursuant to title II of the Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1955, as amended (12 U.S.C. 1701g–5).

(Pub. L. 98–45, title I, §101, July 12, 1983, 97 Stat. 223.)

Section 717 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4518), referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §474(e), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1239, but remaining in effect until completion of the transfer required in title I of the Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation Act, 1984.

The Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1955, as amended, referred to in text, is act June 24, 1954, ch. 359, 68 Stat. 272, as amended. Provisions of title II of this Act relating to the establishment of the revolving fund (liquidating programs) are classified to section 1701g–5 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation Act, 1984, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

In order to provide for the management and orderly liquidation of the assets, and discharge the liabilities, acquired or incurred in connection with the new communities program authorized pursuant to title IV of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 [42 U.S.C. 3901 et seq.] and title VII of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970 [42 U.S.C. 4501 et seq.] (hereafter referred to in this section as “title IV” and “title VII”, respectively), the liquidation of the new communities program shall be carried out pursuant to the provisions of law applicable to the revolving fund (liquidating programs) established pursuant to title II of the Independent Offices Appropriations Act, 1955 [12 U.S.C. 1701g–5], upon the transfer by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (hereafter in this section referred to as the “Secretary”) of the assets and liabilities of the fund authorized under section 717 of title VII [42 U.S.C. 4518] to such revolving fund, as required in title I of the Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation Act, 1984 [12 U.S.C. 1701g–5a]. The Secretary shall report to the Congress not less than sixty days prior to taking any action with respect to the disposition of real property (other than a purchase money mortgage) which involves any further potential liability of or assistance from the Department of Housing and Urban Development with respect to any property so transferred.

In carrying out the purposes of subsection (a) of this section, all moneys in the revolving fund (liquidating programs) shall be available for necessary administrative and other expenses of servicing and liquidating obligations guaranteed pursuant to section 403 and section 713 of title IV and title VII, respectively [42 U.S.C. 3902, 4514], including costs of services (including legal services) performed on a contract or fee basis, and to discharge any other liability acquired or incurred in connection with the new communities program. Notwithstanding any other provision of law relating to the acquisition, handling, improvement, or disposal of real and other property by the United States, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall also have power, for the protection of the interests of the revolving fund (liquidating programs), to pay out of any moneys in such fund all expenses or charges in connection with the acquisition, handling, improvement, or disposal of any property, real or personal, acquired by the Secretary either prior or subsequent to November 30, 1983, as a result of recoveries under security, subrogation, or other rights in connection with the new communities program.

After making the transfer required in title I of the Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation Act, 1984 [12 U.S.C. 1701g–5a], the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may issue obligations to the Secretary of the Treasury in an amount sufficient to enable the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to satisfy any guarantee made pursuant to section 403 or 713 of title IV or title VII, respectively [42 U.S.C. 3902, 4514], and otherwise carry out the functions authorized by this section. The obligations issued under this subsection shall have such maturities and bear such rate or rates of interest as shall be determined by the Secretary of the Treasury. The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed to purchase any obligations so issued, and for that purpose the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to use as a public debt transaction the proceeds from the sale of any securities issued under chapter 31 of title 31, and the purposes for which securities may be issued under such chapter are extended to include purchases of obligations issued under this subsection.

Upon the transfer required in title I of the Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation Act, 1984 [12 U.S.C. 1701g–5a], each obligation issued by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to section 407(a) or 717(b) of title IV or title VII, respectively [42 U.S.C. 3906(a), 4518(b)], together with any promise to repay the principal and unpaid interest which has accrued on each obligation, and any other term or condition specified by each such obligation, is canceled.

(Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §474(a)–(d), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1238, 1239.)

The Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 90–448, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 476, as amended. Title IV of the Housing and Urban Development Act, which was classified to chapter 48 (§3901 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, was repealed, with certain exceptions which were omitted from the Code, by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §474(e), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1239. Sections 403 and 407 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 were classified to sections 3902 and 3906, respectively, of Title 42, and were repealed by section 474(e) of Pub. L. 98–181. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1968 Amendment note set out under section 1701 of this title and Tables.

The Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 91–609, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1770, as amended. Title VII of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, known as the Urban Growth and New Community Development Act of 1970, is classified principally to chapter 59 (§4501 et seq.) of Title 42. Sections 713 and 717 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970 were classified to sections 4514 and 4518, respectively, of Title 42, and were repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §474(e), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1239. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1970 Amendment note set out under section 1701 of this title and Tables.

The Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1955, as amended, referred to in subsec. (a), is act June 24, 1954, ch. 359, 68 Stat. 272, as amended. Provisions of title II of this Act relating to the establishment of the revolving fund (liquidating programs) are classified to section 1701g–5 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation Act, 1984, referred to in subsecs. (a), (c), and (d), is Pub. L. 98–45, July 12, 1983, 97 Stat. 219. Provisions of title I of this Act requiring the transfer of assets and liabilities to the revolving fund (liquidating programs) are classified to section 1701g–5a of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban-Rural Recovery Act of 1983 and also as part of the Domestic Housing and International Recovery and Financial Stability Act, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Notwithstanding section 289(c) of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act (Public Law 101–625), the assets and liabilities of the revolving fund established by section 1452b 1 of title 42, and any collections, including repayments or recaptured amounts, of such fund shall be transferred to and merged with the Revolving Fund (liquidating programs), established pursuant to title II of the Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1955, as amended (12 U.S.C. 1701g–5), effective October 1, 1991.

(Pub. L. 102–139, title II, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 752.)

Section 289(c) of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act (Pub. L. 101–625), referred to in text, is not classified to the Code.

Section 1452b of title 42, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 101–625, title II, §289(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4128.

The Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1955, as amended, referred to in text, is act June 24, 1954, ch. 359, 68 Stat. 272, as amended. Provisions of title II of this Act relating to the establishment of the revolving fund (liquidating programs) are classified to section 1701g–5 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1992, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

1 See References in Text note below.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development is authorized to establish such advisory committee or committees as he may deem necessary in carrying out any of his functions, powers, and duties under this or any other Act or authorization. Persons serving without compensation as members of any such committee may be paid transportation expenses and not to exceed $25 per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by section 5703 of title 5.

(July 15, 1949, ch. 338, title VI, §601, 63 Stat. 439; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VIII, §807, 68 Stat. 645; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1106, Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 503; Pub. L. 90–19, §6(h), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 22; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §202(c), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2228.)

This Act, referred to in text, is act July 15, 1949, ch. 338, 63 Stat. 413, as amended, known as the Housing Act of 1949, which is classified principally to chapter 8A (§1441 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1441 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing Act of 1949, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–479 substituted “section 5703 of title 5” for “section 5 of the Act of August 2, 1946 (5 U.S.C. 73b–2)”.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” and “he” for “The Housing and Home Finance Administrator and the head of each constituent agency of the Housing and Home Finance Agency” and “each”, respectively.

**1965**—Pub. L. 89–117 struck out provision that declared inapplicable the conflict-of-interest statutes in the case of members of advisory committees.

**1954**—Act Aug. 2, 1954, permitted heads of constituent agencies of the Housing and Home Finance Agency to establish advisory committees, inserted provisions relating to inapplicability of the conflict-of-interest statutes with respect to committee members serving without compensation, and inserted provisions relating to payment of expenses.

Advisory committees in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following Jan. 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such committee is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a committee established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See section 14 of Pub. L. 92–463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 776, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Ex. Ord. No. 10486, Sept. 12, 1953, 18 F.R. 5561, provided:

1. There shall be established the Advisory Committee on Government Housing Policies and Programs.

2. The Committee shall make, or cause to be made, studies and surveys of the housing policies and programs of the Government and the organization within the Executive Branch for the administration of such policies and programs, and shall advise the Housing and Home Finance Administrator and the President with respect thereto.

3. The Housing and Home Finance Administrator shall serve as the Chairman of the Committee, and the other members of the Committee shall be appointed pursuant to the provisions of this Executive Order and Section 601 of the Housing Act of 1949 (63 Stat. 439) [this section].

4. To work directly with the Housing and Home Finance Administrator in the task of directing specific studies and surveys and developing concrete recommendations, there shall be in the Committee an Executive Committee, consisting of members of the Committee designated for such purpose, and the Housing and Home Finance Administrator shall serve as the Chairman of such Executive Committee.

5. Administrative expenses in connection with the work of the Committee, including expenses of advisers and consultants appointed by the Chairman in connection therewith, shall, upon authorization therefor by the Chairman or his delegate, be paid pursuant to the authority therefor under the heading, “Housing and Home Finance Agency, Office of the Administrator” in the Supplemental Appropriation Act, 1954 (Public Law 207, Eighty-third Congress, approved August 7, 1953).

Dwight D. Eisenhower.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall establish, in accordance with the provisions of section 1701h of this title, an advisory committee on matters relating to housing for elderly persons.

(Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, title I, §104(d), 70 Stat. 1093; Pub. L. 90–19, §13(a), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 24.)

Section was enacted as part of the Housing Act of 1956, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” for “Housing and Home Finance Administrator”.

Advisory committees in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following Jan. 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such committee is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a committee established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided for by law. See section 14 of Pub. L. 92–463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 776, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Section 1701i, act July 15, 1949, ch. 338, title VI, §603, 63 Stat. 440; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §5, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631, included the Secretary of Labor and the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare or their designees in the membership of the National Housing Council of the Housing and Home Finance Agency.

Section 1701i–1, act Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title VI, §615, 65 Stat. 317, included the Secretary of Defense or his designee and excluded the Chairman of Board of Directors of Reconstruction Finance Corporation or his designee from National Housing Council membership.

Section, acts Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title V, §504, 64 Stat. 81; Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title VI, §613(a), 65 Stat. 316; June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §23, 67 Stat. 127, related to control of charges and fees, imposed by lenders upon builders and purchasers in connection with home loans, by the Federal Housing Commissioner and the Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs.

Sections 1, 509, and 510 of act Apr. 20, 1950, were formerly set out as notes under this section. See notes under section 1701k of this title.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development is authorized and directed to require that, in connection with any property upon which there is located a dwelling designed principally for not more than a four-family residence and which is approved for mortgage insurance prior to the beginning of construction, the seller or builder, and such other person as may be required by the said Secretary to become warrantor, shall deliver to the purchaser or owner of such property a warranty that the dwelling is constructed in substantial conformity with the plans and specifications (including any amendments thereof, or changes and variations therein, which have been approved in writing by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development) on which the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development based his valuation of the dwelling: *Provided*, That the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall deliver to the builder, seller, or other warrantor his written approval (which shall be conclusive evidence of such approval) of any amendment of, or change or variation in, such plans and specifications which the Secretary deems to be a substantial amendment thereof, or change or variation therein, and shall file a copy of such written approval with such plans and specifications: *Provided further*, That such warranty shall apply only with respect to such instances of substantial nonconformity to such approved plans and specifications (including any amendments thereof, or changes or variations therein, which have been approved in writing, as provided herein, by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development) as to which the purchaser or homeowner has given written notice to the warrantor within one year from the date of conveyance of title to, or initial occupancy of, the dwelling, whichever first occurs: *Provided further*, That such warranty shall be in addition to, and not in derogation of, all other rights and privileges which such purchaser or owner may have under any other law or instrument: *And provided further*, That the provisions of this section shall apply to any such property covered by a mortgage insured by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development on and after October 1, 1954, unless such mortgage is insured pursuant to a commitment therefor made prior to October 1, 1954.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development is further directed to permit copies of the plans and specifications (including written approvals of any amendments thereof, or changes or variations therein, as provided herein) for dwellings in connection with which warranties are required by subsection (a) of this section to be made available in their appropriate local offices for inspection or for copying by any purchaser, homeowner, or warrantor during such hours or periods of time as the said Secretary may determine to be reasonable.

(Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VIII, §801, 68 Stat. 642; Pub. L. 85–857, §13(s)(2), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1266; Pub. L. 90–19, §10(e), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 22.)

Section was enacted as part of the Housing Act of 1954, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1967**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” and “Secretary” for “Federal Housing Commissioner” and “Commissioner”, respectively.

**1958**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 85–857 struck out provisions that related to Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs and to mortgages guaranteed by him.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 85–857 struck out provisions that related to Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs.

Amendment by Pub. L. 85–857 effective Jan. 1, 1959, see section 2 of Pub. L. 85–857, set out as an Effective Date note preceding part 1 of Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits.

Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §514, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3789, directed Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to conduct a study of home and builder's warranties and protection plans regarding construction of, and materials used in, 1- to 4-family dwellings subject to mortgages insured under title II of the National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1707 et seq.), and submit a report to Congress regarding findings of the study and any recommendations of the Secretary resulting from the study, not later than the expiration of the 12-month period beginning on Oct. 28, 1992.

(1) The Congress finds (A) that the lack of an authoritative national source to make findings and to advise both the public and private sectors of the economy with respect to the use of building science and technology in achieving nationally acceptable standards and other technical provision for use in Federal, State, and local housing and building regulations is an obstacle to efforts by and imposes severe burdens upon all those who procure, design, construct, use, operate, maintain, and retire physical facilities, and frequently results in the failure to take full advantage of new and useful developments in technology which could improve our living environment; (B) that the establishment of model buildings codes or of a single national building code will not completely resolve the problem because of the difficulty at all levels of government in updating their housing and building regulations to reflect new developments in technology, as well as the irregularities and inconsistencies which arise in applying such requirements to particular localities or special local conditions; (C) that the lack of uniform housing and building regulatory provisions increases the costs of construction and thereby reduces the amount of housing and other community facilities which can be provided; and (D) that the existence of a single authoritative nationally recognized institution to provide for the evaluation of new technology could facilitate introduction of such innovations and their acceptance at the Federal, State, and local levels.

(2) The Congress further finds, however, that while an authoritative source of technical findings is needed, various private organizations and institutions, private industry, labor, and Federal and other governmental agencies and entities are presently engaged in building research, technology development, testing, and evaluation, standards and model code development and promulgation, and information dissemination. These existing activities should be encouraged and these capabilities effectively utilized wherever possible and appropriate to the purposes of this section.

(3) The Congress declares that an authoritative nongovernmental instrument needs to be created to address the problems and issues described in paragraph (1), that the creation of such an instrument should be initiated by the Government, with the advice and assistance of the National Academy of Sciences-National Academy of Engineering-National Research Council (hereinafter referred to as the “Academies-Research Council”) and of the various sectors of the building community, including labor and management, technical experts in building science and technology, and the various levels of government.

(1) There is authorized to be established, for the purposes described in subsection (a)(3) of this section, an appropriate nonprofit, nongovernmental instrument to be known as the National Institute of Building Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the “Institute”), which shall not be an agency or establishment of the United States Government. The Institute shall be subject to the provisions of this section and, to the extent consistent with this section, to a charter of the Congress if such a charter is requested and issued or to the District of Columbia Nonprofit Corporation Act if that is deemed preferable.

(2) The Academies-Research Council, along with other agencies and organizations which are knowledgeable in the field of building technology, shall advise and assist in (A) the establishment of the Institute; (B) the development of an organizational framework to encourage and provide for the maximum feasible participation of public and private scientific, technical, and financial organizations, institutions, and agencies now engaged in activities pertinent to the development, promulgation, and maintenance of performance criteria, standards, and other technical provisions for building codes and other regulations; and (C) the promulgation of appropriate organizational rules and procedures including those for the selection and operation of a technical staff, such rules and procedures to be based upon the primary object of promoting the public interest and insuring that the widest possible variety of interests and experience essential to the functions of the Institute are represented in the Institute's operations. Recommendations of the Academies-Research Council shall be based upon consultations with and recommendations from various private organizations and institutions, labor, private industry, and governmental agencies entities operating in the field, and the Consultative Council as provided for under subsection (c)(8) of this section.

(3) Nothing in this section shall be construed as expressing the intent of the Congress that the Academies-Research Council itself be required to assume any function or operation vested in the Institute by or under this section.

(1) The Institute shall have a Board of Directors (hereinafter referred to as the “Board”) consisting of not less than fifteen nor more than twenty-one members, appointed by the President of the United States by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Board shall be representative of the various segments of the building community, of the various regions of the country, and of the consumers who are or would be affected by actions taken in the exercise of the functions and responsibilities of the Institute, and shall include (A) representatives of the construction industry, including representatives of construction labor organizations, product manufacturers, and builders, housing management experts, and experts in building standards, codes, and fire safety, and (B) members representative of the public interest in such numbers as may be necessary to assure that a majority of the members of the Board represent the public interest and that there is adequate consideration by the Institute of consumer interests in the exercise of its functions and responsibilities. Those representing the public interest on the Board shall include architects, professional engineers, officials of Federal, State, and local agencies, and representatives of consumer organizations. Such members of the Board shall hold no financial interest or membership in, nor be employed by, or receive other compensation from, any company, association, or other group associated with the manufacture, distribution, installation, or maintenance of specialized building products, equipment, systems, subsystems, or other construction materials and techniques for which there are available substitutes.

(2) The members of the initial Board shall serve as incorporators and shall take whatever actions are necessary to establish the Institute as provided for under subsection (b)(1) of this section.

(3) The term of office of each member of the initial and succeeding Boards shall be three years; except that (A) any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was appointed shall be appointed for the remainder of such term; and (B) the terms of office of members first taking office shall begin on the date of incorporation and shall expire, as designated at the time of their appointment, one-third at the end of one year, one-third at the end of two years, and one-third at the end of three years. No member shall be eligible to serve in excess of three consecutive terms of three years each. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this subsection, a member whose term has expired may serve until his successor has qualified.

(4) Any vacancy in the initial and succeeding Boards shall not affect its power, but shall be filled in the manner in which the original appointments were made, or, after the first five years of operation, as provided for by the organizational rules and procedures of the Institute; except that, notwithstanding any such rules and procedures as may be adopted by the Institute, the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint, as representative of the public interest, two of the members of the Board of Directors selected each year for terms commencing in that year.

(5) The President shall designate one of the members appointed to the initial Board as Chairman; thereafter, the members of the initial and succeeding Boards shall annually elect one of their number as Chairman. The members of the Board shall also elect one or more of their Members as Vice Chairman. Terms of the Chairman and Vice Chairman shall be for one year and no individual shall serve as Chairman or Vice Chairman for more than two consecutive terms.

(6) The members of the initial or succeeding Boards shall not, by reason of such membership, be deemed to be employees of the United States Government. They shall, while attending meetings of the Board or while engaged in duties related to such meetings or in other activities of the Board pursuant to this section, be entitled to receive compensation at the rate of $100 per day including traveltime, and while away from their homes or regular places of business they may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, equal to that authorized under section 5703 of title 5, for persons in the Government service employed intermittently.

(7) The Institute shall have a president and such other executive officers and employees as may be appointed by the Board at rates of compensation fixed by the Board. No such executive officer or employee may receive any salary or other compensation from any source other than the Institute during the period of his employment by the Institute.

(8) The Institute shall establish, with the advice and assistance of the Academies-Research Council and other agencies and organizations which are knowledgeable in the field of building technology, a Consultative Council, membership in which shall be available to representatives of all appropriate private trade, professional, and labor organizations, private and public standards, code, and testing bodies, public regulatory agencies, and consumer groups, so as to insure a direct line of communication between such groups and the Institute and a vehicle for representative hearings on matters before the Institute.

(1) The Institute shall have no power to issue any shares of stock, or to declare or pay any dividends.

(2) No part of the income or assets of the Institute shall inure to the benefit of any director, officer, employee, or other individual except as salary or reasonable compensation for services.

(3) The Institute shall not contribute to or otherwise support any political party or candidate for elective public office.

(1) The Institute shall exercise its functions and responsibilities in four general areas, relating to building regulations, as follows:

(A) Development, promulgation, and maintenance of nationally recognized performance criteria, standards, and other technical provisions for maintenance of life, safety, health, and public welfare suitable for adoption by building regulating jurisdictions and agencies, including test methods and other evaluative techniques relating to building systems, subsystems, components, products, and materials with due regard for consumer problems.

(B) Evaluation and prequalification of existing and new building technology in accordance with subparagraph (A).

(C) Conduct of needed investigations in direct support of subparagraphs (A) and (B).

(D) Assembly, storage, and dissemination of technical data and other information directly related to subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C).

(2) The Institute in exercising its functions and responsibilities described in paragraph (1) shall assign and delegate, to the maximum extent possible, responsibility for conducting each of the needed activities described in paragraph (1) to one or more of the private organizations, institutions, agencies, and Federal and other governmental entities with a capacity to exercise or contribute to the exercise of such responsibility, monitor the performance achieved through assignment and delegation, and, when deemed necessary, reassign and delegate such responsibility.

(3) The Institute in exercising its functions and responsibilities under paragraphs (1) and (2) shall (A) give particular attention to the development of methods for encouraging all sectors of the economy to cooperate with the Institute and to accept and use its technical findings, and to accept and use the nationally recognized performance criteria, standards, and other technical provisions developed for use in Federal, State, and local building codes and other regulations which result from the program of the Institute; (B) seek to assure that its actions are coordinated with related requirements which are imposed in connection with community and environmental development generally; and (C) consult with the Department of Justice and other agencies of government to the extent necessary to insure that the national interest is protected and promoted in the exercise of its functions and responsibilities.

(1) The Institute is authorized to accept contracts and grants from Federal, State, and local governmental agencies and other entities, and grants and donations from private organizations, institutions, and individuals.

(2) The Institute may, in accordance with rates and schedules established with guidance as provided under subsection (b)(2) of this section, establish fees and other charges for services provided by the Institute or under its authorization.

(3) Amounts received by the Institute under this section shall be in addition to any amounts which may be appropriated to provide its initial operating capital under subsection (h) of this section.

(1) Every department, agency, and establishment of the Federal Government, in carrying out any building or construction, or any building- or construction-related programs, which involves direct expenditures, and in developing technical requirements for any such building or construction, shall be encouraged to accept the technical findings of the Institute, or any nationally recognized performance criteria, standards, and other technical provisions for building regulations brought about by the Institute, which may be applicable.

(2) All projects and programs involving Federal assistance in the form of loans, grants, guarantees, insurance, or technical aid, or in any other form, shall be encouraged to accept, use, and comply with any of the technical findings of the Institute, or any nationally recognized performance criteria, standards, and other technical provisions for building codes and other regulations brought about by the Institute, which may be applicable to the purposes for which the assistance is to be used.

(3) Every department, agency, and establishment of the Federal Government having responsibility for building or construction, or for building- or construction-related programs, is authorized and encouraged to request authorization and appropriations for grants to the Institute for its general support, and is authorized to contract with and accept contracts from the Institute for specific services where deemed appropriate by the responsible Federal official involved.

(4) The Institute shall establish and carry on a specific and continuing program of cooperation with the States and their political subdivisions designed to encourage their acceptance of its technical findings and of nationally recognized performance criteria, standards, and other technical provisions for building regulations brought about by the Institute. Such program shall include (A) efforts to encourage any changes in existing State and local law to utilize or embody such findings and regulatory provisions; and (B) assistance to States in the development of inservice training programs for building officials, and in the establishment of fully staffed and qualified State technical agencies to advise local officials on questions of technical interpretation.

There is established within the Institute, the Advanced Building Technology Council (hereafter referred to as the “Council”).

The Council shall carry out an Advanced Building Technology Program for the purposes of—

(A) identifying, selecting, and evaluating existing and new building technologies, including energy cost savings technologies, that conform to recognized performance criteria and meet applicable test standards for maintenance of life, safety, health, and public welfare when used in occupied buildings;

(B) to the extent necessary, developing criteria for the use of such technology;

(C) conducting economic analyses of proposed new technologies when produced and installed in buildings at volumes associated with comparable conventional technologies;

(D) in cooperation with the appropriate Federal agencies, advising building designers, installers, subcontractors, contractors and supervisory officials on the appropriate design and use of new building technology incorporated in federally owned or operated buildings;

(E) in cooperation with the appropriate Federal agencies, monitoring and evaluating the performance of new building technologies for at least 1 year after installation and building occupancy; and

(F) disseminating resulting data to affected parties through automated information management systems.

The Council shall be comprised of not less than 6 and not more than 11 members selected by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from among representatives of the various segments of the nationwide building community that have extensive experience in building industries, including, but not limited to—

(A) product manufacturers;

(B) experts in the fields of health, fire hazards, and safety; and

(C) independent representatives of the public interest such as architects, professional engineers, and representatives of consumer organizations,

except that serving members of the National Institute of Building Sciences Advisory Council shall not be eligible to serve simultaneously on the Council.

Any agency of the Federal Government involved in any building or construction may participate in the Advanced Building Technology Program with the Council to develop and implement programs to incorporate one or more of the recommended new technologies in a new or existing building within the agency.

Upon agreement between a participating Federal agency and the Council, with respect to the selection of the appropriate technology and the schedule of necessary work, the Council shall—

(i) provide the Federal agency with a 5-year guarantee from the technology manufacturer that—

(I) all necessary corrections to the technology will be made in the design, installation, and maintenance of the technology;

(II) all malfunctions will be repaired without delay; and

(III) the technology manufacturer will be responsible for removal of the technology in the event of its failure to perform as required;

(ii) provide the Federal agency and its officials responsible for constructing or renovating buildings utilizing the new technology, as well as the designers, installers, subcontractors, and contractors responsible for the design, construction, or renovation of the buildings utilizing such technology with the technical information necessary to ensure its most appropriate use,

(iii) in cooperation with the Federal agency, monitor and evaluate the performance of the new technology, and

(iv) prepare reports to be made available to public agencies at all levels of government, the industry, and the public on the performance of the new technology.

The Council shall submit to the Institute annually a description of its activities under the Advanced Building Technology Program for inclusion in the Institute's annual report to the Congress under subsection (j) of this section.

There is authorized to be appropriated to the Institute not to exceed $5,000,000 for the fiscal year 1975, and $5,000,000 for the fiscal year 1976, and $5,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1977 and 1978, and any amounts not appropriated in fiscal years 1977 and 1978 may be appropriated in any fiscal year through 1984 (with not more than $500,000 to be appropriated for each of the fiscal years 1982, 1983, and 1984 and with each appropriation to be available until expended), to provide the Institute with initial capital adequate for the exercise of its functions and responsibilities during such years; and thereafter the Institute shall be financially self-sustaining through the means described in subsection (f) of this section. In addition to the amounts authorized to be appropriated under the first sentence of this section, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Institute to carry out the provisions of this section not to exceed $512,000 for fiscal year 1991 and $534,000 for fiscal year 1992. Any amount appropriated under the preceding sentence shall be made available for expenditure or obligation by the Institute only to the extent of an equal amount received by the Institute after November 30, 1983, from persons or entities other than the Federal Government.

The Institute shall submit an annual report for the preceding fiscal year to the President for transmittal to the Congress within sixty days of its receipt. The report shall include a comprehensive and detailed report of the Institute's operations, activities, financial condition, and accomplishments under this section and may include such recommendations as the Institute deems appropriate.

(Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, §809, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 729; Pub. L. 94–375, §24, Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1078; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §319, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2101; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §339E, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 417; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §462, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1232; Pub. L. 100–242, title V, §570(f), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1950; Pub. L. 101–625, title IX, §952(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4418; Pub. L. 102–550, title IX, §904(a), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3868.)

The District of Columbia Nonprofit Corporation Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is Pub. L. 87–569, Aug. 6, 1962, 76 Stat. 265, as amended, which is not classified to the Code.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1992**—Subsecs. (h) to (j). Pub. L. 102–550 added subsec. (h) and redesignated former subsecs. (h) and (i) as (i) and (j), respectively.

**1990**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 101–625 amended second sentence generally. Prior to amendment, second sentence read as follows: “In addition to the amounts authorized to be appropriated under the first sentence of this section, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Institute to carry out the provisions of this section not to exceed $250,000 for fiscal year 1984.”

**1988**—Subsec. (g)(4). Pub. L. 100–242, §570(f)(1), substituted “of its” for “and its”.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 100–242, §570(f)(2), substituted “preceding” for “preceeding”.

**1983**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 98–181 inserted provisions relating to the appropriation of not to exceed $250,000 for fiscal 1984, such amount to be made available for expenditure only to the extent of an equal amount received from persons or entities other than the Federal Government.

**1981**—Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 97–35, §339E(b), inserted provisions respecting Presidential appointment powers to the Board.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 97–35, §339E(a), inserted provisions which extended authorization from 1982 to 1984, and enumerated amount for fiscal years 1982, 1983, and 1984.

**1978**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95–557 inserted “, and any amounts not appropriated in fiscal years 1977 and 1978 may be appropriated in any fiscal year through 1982” after “1978”.

**1976**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 94–375 inserted “, and $5,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1977 and 1978” after “fiscal year 1976”.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

Pub. L. 98–396, title I, Aug. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 1384, provided that: “There is appropriated out of funds not otherwise appropriated, the sum of $5,000,000 to a ‘National Institute of Building Sciences Trust Fund’ which is hereby established in the Treasury of the United States: *Provided*, That the Secretary shall invest such funds in U.S. Treasury special issue securities at a fixed rate of ten per centum per annum, that such interest shall be credited to the Trust Fund on a quarterly basis, and that the Secretary shall make quarterly disbursements from such interest to the National Institute of Building Sciences: *Provided further*, That the total amount of such payment during any fiscal year may not exceed $500,000 or the amount equivalent to non-Federal funds received by the Institute during the preceding fiscal year, whichever is less: *Provided further*, That any amount of interest not used for any such annual payment shall be paid into the general fund of the Treasury: *Provided further*, That the appropriation of $5,000,000 made in this paragraph shall revert to the Treasury, on October 1, 1989, and the National Institute of Building Sciences Trust Fund shall terminate following the final quarterly disbursement of interest provided for in this paragraph.”

For the purpose of this section—

(1) the term “due-on-sale clause” means a contract provision which authorizes a lender, at its option, to declare due and payable sums secured by the lender's security instrument if all or any part of the property, or an interest therein, securing the real property loan is sold or transferred without the lender's prior written consent;

(2) the term “lender” means a person or government agency making a real property loan or any assignee or transferee, in whole or in part, of such a person or agency;

(3) the term “real property loan” means a loan, mortgage, advance, or credit sale secured by a lien on real property, the stock allocated to a dwelling unit in a cooperative housing corporation, or a residential manufactured home, whether real or personal property; and

(4) the term “residential manufactured home” means a manufactured home as defined in section 5402(6) of title 42 which is used as a residence; and

(5) the term “State” means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

(1) Notwithstanding any provision of the constitution or laws (including the judicial decisions) of any State to the contrary, a lender may, subject to subsection (c) of this section, enter into or enforce a contract containing a due-on-sale clause with respect to a real property loan.

(2) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) of this section, the exercise by the lender of its option pursuant to such a clause shall be exclusively governed by the terms of the loan contract, and all rights and remedies of the lender and the borrower shall be fixed and governed by the contract.

(3) In the exercise of its option under a due-on-sale clause, a lender is encouraged to permit an assumption of a real property loan at the existing contract rate or at a rate which is at or below the average between the contract and market rates, and nothing in this section shall be interpreted to prohibit any such assumption.

(1) In the case of a contract involving a real property loan which was made or assumed, including a transfer of the liened property subject to the real property loan, during the period beginning on the date a State adopted a constitutional provision or statute prohibiting the exercise of due-on-sale clauses, or the date on which the highest court of such State has rendered a decision (or if the highest court has not so decided, the date on which the next highest appellate court has rendered a decision resulting in a final judgment if such decision applies State-wide) prohibiting such exercise, and ending on October 15, 1982, the provisions of subsection (b) of this section shall apply only in the case of a transfer which occurs on or after the expiration of 3 years after October 15, 1982, except that—

(A) a State, by a State law enacted by the State legislature prior to the close of such 3-year period, with respect to real property loans originated in the State by lenders other than national banks, Federal savings and loan associations, Federal savings banks, and Federal credit unions, may otherwise regulate such contracts, in which case subsection (b) of this section shall apply only if such State law so provides; and

(B) the Comptroller of the Currency with respect to real property loans originated by national banks or the National Credit Union Administration Board with respect to real property loans originated by Federal credit unions may, by regulation prescribed prior to the close of such period, otherwise regulate such contracts, in which case subsection (b) of this section shall apply only if such regulation so provides.

(2)(A) For any contract to which subsection (b) of this section does not apply pursuant to this subsection, a lender may require any successor or transferee of the borrower to meet customary credit standards applied to loans secured by similar property, and the lender may declare the loan due and payable pursuant to the terms of the contract upon transfer to any successor or transferee of the borrower who fails to meet such customary credit standards.

(B) A lender may not exercise its option pursuant to a due-on-sale clause in the case of a transfer of a real property loan which is subject to this subsection where the transfer occurred prior to October 15, 1982.

(C) This subsection does not apply to a loan which was originated by a Federal savings and loan association or Federal savings bank.

With respect to a real property loan secured by a lien on residential real property containing less than five dwelling units, including a lien on the stock allocated to a dwelling unit in a cooperative housing corporation, or on a residential manufactured home, a lender may not exercise its option pursuant to a due-on-sale clause upon—

(1) the creation of a lien or other encumbrance subordinate to the lender's security instrument which does not relate to a transfer of rights of occupancy in the property;

(2) the creation of a purchase money security interest for household appliances;

(3) a transfer by devise, descent, or operation of law on the death of a joint tenant or tenant by the entirety;

(4) the granting of a leasehold interest of three years or less not containing an option to purchase;

(5) a transfer to a relative resulting from the death of a borrower;

(6) a transfer where the spouse or children of the borrower become an owner of the property;

(7) a transfer resulting from a decree of a dissolution of marriage, legal separation agreement, or from an incidental property settlement agreement, by which the spouse of the borrower becomes an owner of the property;

(8) a transfer into an inter vivos trust in which the borrower is and remains a beneficiary and which does not relate to a transfer of rights of occupancy in the property; or

(9) any other transfer or disposition described in regulations prescribed by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board.

(1) The Federal Home Loan Bank Board, in consultation with the Comptroller of the Currency and the National Credit Union Administration Board, is authorized to issue rules and regulations and to publish interpretations governing the implementation of this section.

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (d) of this section, the rules and regulations prescribed under this section may permit a lender to exercise its option pursuant to a due-on-sale clause with respect to a real property loan and any related agreement pursuant to which a borrower obtains the right to receive future income.

The Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (hereinafter referred to as the “Corporation”) shall not, prior to July 1, 1983, implement the change in its policy announced on July 2, 1982, with respect to enforcement of due-on-sale clauses in real property loans which are owned in whole or in part by the Corporation.

Federal Home Loan Bank Board regulations restricting the use of a balloon payment shall not apply to a loan, mortgage, advance, or credit sale to which this section applies.

(Pub. L. 97–320, title III, §341, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1505; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §473, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1237.)

Section was enacted as part of the Thrift Institutions Restructuring Act and also as part of the Garn-St Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1983**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–181 substituted “With respect to a real property loan secured by a lien on residential real property containing less than five dwelling units, including a lien on the stock allocated to a dwelling unit in a cooperative housing corporation, or on a residential manufactured home, a lender” for “A lender”.

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

Federal Home Loan Bank Board abolished and functions transferred, see sections 401 to 406 of Pub. L. 101–73, set out as a note under section 1437 of this title.

The right to redeem provided for by section 2410(c) of title 28, shall not arise in any case in which the subordinate lien or interest of the United States derives from the issuance of insurance under the National Housing Act, as amended [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.].

(Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title V, §505, 64 Stat. 81; Pub. L. 85–857, §13(q), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1266.)

The National Housing Act, as amended, referred to in text, is act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, as amended, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1701 of this title and Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing Act of 1950, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1958**—Pub. L. 85–857 struck out provisions which related to the right to redeem in cases in which the subordinate lien or interest derives from the issuance of guaranties of insurance under the Serviceman's Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended.

Amendment by Pub. L. 85–857 effective Jan. 1, 1959, see section 2 of Pub. L. 85–857, set out as an Effective Date note preceding part 1 of Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits.

Section 509 of act Apr. 20, 1950, provided that: “Insofar as the provisions of any other law are inconsistent with the provisions of this Act [see Tables for classification] the provisions of this Act shall be controlling: *Provided*, That nothing contained in this Act shall affect the authority of the Housing and Home Finance Administrator under title II of Public Law 266, Eighty-first Congress [Act Aug. 24, 1949, ch. 506, title II, 63 Stat. 657].”

Section 510 of act Apr. 20, 1950, provided that: “Except as may be otherwise expressly provided in this Act [see Tables for classification] all powers and authorities conferred by this Act shall be cumulative and additional to and not in derogation of any powers and authorities otherwise existing. Notwithstanding any other evidences of the intention of Congress, it is hereby declared to be the controlling intent of Congress that if any provisions of this Act, or the application thereof to any persons or circumstances, shall be adjudged by any court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, such judgment shall not affect, impair, or invalidate the remainder of this Act or its applications to other persons and circumstances, but shall be confined in its operation to the provisions of this Act, or the application thereof to the persons and circumstances, directly involved in the controversy in which such judgment shall have been rendered.”

It is the intent of Congress that no sale of a dwelling on which a mortgage is insured under the National Housing Act, as amended [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], shall be financed, while such mortgage is so insured, at an interest rate higher than that prescribed by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. It is the further intent of Congress that no such sale shall be made, while such mortgage is so insured, on terms less favorable to the purchaser as to amortization, retirement, foreclosure, or forfeiture than those contained in such mortgage.

(Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title V, §508, 64 Stat. 81; Pub. L. 90–19, §8(e), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 22.)

The National Housing Act, as amended, referred to in text, is act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, as amended, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1701 of this title and Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing Act of 1950, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” for “Federal Housing Commissioner”.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall take action to secure the payment of any deficiency after foreclosure on a mortgage insured or assisted under Federal law where the Secretary has reason to believe that the mortgage proceeds have been fraudulently misappropriated by the mortgagor.

(Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, §819, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 740.)

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed from time to time to credit and cancel the note or notes of the Housing and Home Finance Administrator executed and delivered in connection with loans transferred from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to the Housing and Home Finance Agency pursuant to Reorganization Plan Numbered 23 of 1950 (64 Stat. 1279), to the extent of the net loss, as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, sustained by said Agency in the liquidation of defaulted loans. The net loss shall be the sum of the unpaid principal and advances for care and preservation of collateral, together with accrued and unpaid interest on said principal and advances, and all expenses and costs (other than those subject to administrative expense limitations) in connection with the liquidation of defaulted loans, less the amount actually realized by the Housing and Home Finance Agency on account of such defaulted loans.

(July 14, 1952, ch. 723, §9, 66 Stat. 603.)

Reorganization Plan Numbered 23 of 1950, referred to in text, is set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing Act of 1952, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Functions, powers, and duties of Housing and Home Finance Agency and its Administrator transferred to and vested in Secretary of Housing and Urban Development by Pub. L. 89–174, §5, Sept. 9, 1965, 79 Stat. 669, classified to section 3534 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Section 6(a) of Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1957, eff. June 30, 1957, 22 F.R. 4633, 71 Stat. 647, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, abolished Reconstruction Finance Corporation.

Termination on June 30, 1954, of Reconstruction Finance Corporation and liquidation thereof, see sections 608 and 609 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and notes thereunder.

The Department of Housing and Urban Development, and any other departments or agencies of the Federal Government having powers, functions, or duties with respect to housing under any law shall exercise such powers, functions, or duties in such manner as, consistent with the requirements thereof, will facilitate progress in the reduction of the vulnerability of congested urban areas to enemy attack.

(Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VIII, §811, 68 Stat. 646; Pub. L. 90–19, §10(g), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 23.)

Section was enacted as part of the Housing Act of 1954, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Department of Housing and Urban Development” for “Housing and Home Finance Agency, including its constituent agencies”.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall, as soon as practicable during each calendar year, make a report to the President for submission to the Congress on all operations and programs (including but not limited to the insurance, urban renewal, public housing, and rent supplement programs) under the jurisdiction of the Department of Housing and Urban Development during the previous calendar year. Such report shall contain recommendations for strengthening or improving such programs, or, when necessary to implement more effectively Congressional policies and purposes, for establishing new or alternative programs.

(Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VIII, §802(a), 68 Stat. 642; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1101, Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 502; Pub. L. 90–19, §10(f), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 23; Pub. L. 100–242, title V, §570(b), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1950.)

Section was enacted as part of the Housing Act of 1954, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–242 inserted section catchline “Annual report of Secretary”.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 struck out “FHA” before “insurance” and substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” and “Department of Housing and Urban Development” for “Housing and Home Finance Administrator” and “Housing and Home Finance Agency”, respectively.

**1965**—Pub. L. 89–117 specifically included FHA insurance, urban renewal, public housing, and rent supplement programs within the operation and programs of the Housing and Home Finance Agency which the report shall cover and inserted requirement that the report contain recommendations for improving programs and for new or alternative programs.

The annual report made by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to the President for submission to the Congress on all operations provided for by section 1701*o* of this title shall contain pertinent information with respect to all projects for which any loan, contribution, or grant has been made by the Department of Housing and Urban Development, including the amount of loans, contributions and grants contracted for.

(Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VIII, §817, 68 Stat. 648; Pub. L. 90–19, §10(j), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 23; Pub. L. 97–375, title II, §207(a), Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1824.)

Section was enacted as part of the Housing Act of 1954, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1982**—Pub. L. 97–375 struck out requirement for the inclusion of pertinent information respecting all builders’ cost certifications required by section 1715r of this title, including amounts paid by mortgagors to mortgagees for application to the reduction of the principal obligations of the mortgages pursuant to that section.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” and “Department of Housing and Urban Development” for “Housing and Home Finance Administrator” and “Housing and Home Finance Agency”, respectively.

As soon as practicable following November 30, 1983, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, with the cooperation of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the Comptroller of the Currency, shall develop a method of accurately reporting to the Congress on a periodic basis with respect to residential mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures. Each such report shall include information with respect to the number of residential mortgage foreclosures, and the number of sixty- and ninety-day residential mortgage delinquencies, in the Nation and in each State.

(Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §469, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1237; Pub. L. 111–203, title III, §372, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1566.)

Pub. L. 111–203, title III, §§351, 372, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1546, 1566, provided that, effective on the transfer date, this section is amended by substituting “Federal Housing Finance Agency” for “Federal Home Loan Bank Board” in the first sentence. See Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note below.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban–Rural Recovery Act of 1983 and also as part of the Domestic Housing and International Recovery and Financial Stability Act, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the transfer date, see section 351 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 906 of Title 2, The Congress.

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103–7 (in which a report required under this section is listed on page 105), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

Federal Home Loan Bank Board abolished and functions transferred, see sections 401 to 406 of Pub. L. 101–73, set out as a note under section 1437 of this title.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and the Director of the Bureau, in consultation with the Federal agencies responsible for regulation of banking and financial institutions involved in residential mortgage lending and servicing, shall establish and maintain a database of information on foreclosures and defaults on mortgage loans for one- to four-unit residential properties and shall make such information publicly available, subject to subsection (e).

Information in the database may be collected, aggregated, and made available on a census tract basis.

Information collected and made available through the database shall include—

(1) the number and percentage of such mortgage loans that are delinquent by more than 30 days;

(2) the number and percentage of such mortgage loans that are delinquent by more than 90 days;

(3) the number and percentage of such properties that are real estate-owned;

(4) number and percentage of such mortgage loans that are in the foreclosure process;

(5) the number and percentage of such mortgage loans that have an outstanding principal obligation amount that is greater than the value of the property for which the loan was made; and

(6) such other information as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and the Director of the Bureau consider appropriate.

Nothing in this section shall be construed to encourage discriminatory or unsound allocation of credit or lending policies or practices.

In establishing and maintaining the database described in subsection (a), the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and the Director of the Bureau shall—

(1) be subject to the standards applicable to Federal agencies for the protection of the confidentiality of personally identifiable information and for data security and integrity;

(2) implement the necessary measures to conform to the standards for data integrity and security described in paragraph (1); and

(3) collect and make available information under this section, in accordance with paragraphs (5) and (6) of section 5512(c) of this title and the rules prescribed under such paragraphs, in order to protect privacy and confidentiality.

(Pub. L. 111–203, title XIV, §1447, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2172.)

Section was enacted as part of the Expand and Preserve Home Ownership Through Counseling Act and also as part of the Mortgage Reform and Anti-Predatory Lending Act and as part of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Section effective on the date on which final regulations implementing such section take effect, or on the date that is 18 months after the designated transfer date if such regulations have not been issued by that date, see section 1400(c) of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 1601 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

“Bureau” as meaning the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection established under title X of Pub. L. 111–203, see section 5301 of this title.

The purpose of this section is to enable elderly persons to live with dignity and independence by expanding the supply of supportive housing that—

(1) is designed to accommodate the special needs of elderly persons; and

(2) provides a range of services that are tailored to the needs of elderly persons occupying such housing.

The Secretary is authorized to provide assistance to private nonprofit organizations and consumer cooperatives to expand the supply of supportive housing for the elderly. Such assistance shall be provided as (1) capital advances in accordance with subsection (c)(1) of this section, and (2) contracts for project rental assistance in accordance with subsection (c)(2) of this section. Such assistance may be used to finance the construction, reconstruction, or moderate or substantial rehabilitation of a structure or a portion of a structure, or the acquisition of a structure, to be used as supportive housing for the elderly in accordance with this section. Assistance may also cover the cost of real property acquisition, site improvement, conversion, demolition, relocation, and other expenses that the Secretary determines are necessary to expand the supply of supportive housing for the elderly.

A capital advance provided under this section shall bear no interest and its repayment shall not be required so long as the housing remains available for very low-income elderly persons in accordance with this section. Such advance shall be in an amount calculated in accordance with the development cost limitation established in subsection (h) of this section.

Contracts for project rental assistance shall obligate the Secretary to make monthly payments to cover any part of the costs attributed to units occupied (or, as approved by the Secretary, held for occupancy) by very low-income elderly persons that is not met from project income. The annual contract amount for any project shall not exceed the sum of the initial annual project rentals for all units so occupied and any initial utility allowances for such units, as approved by the Secretary. Any contract amounts not used by a project in any year shall remain available to the project until the expiration of the contract. The Secretary may adjust the annual contract amount if the sum of the project income and the amount of assistance payments available under this paragraph are inadequate to provide for reasonable project costs.

A very low-income person shall pay as rent for a dwelling unit assisted under this section the highest of the following amounts, rounded to the nearest dollar: (A) 30 percent of the person's adjusted monthly income, (B) 10 percent of the person's monthly income, or (C) if the person is receiving payments for welfare assistance from a public agency and a part of such payments, adjusted in accordance with the person's actual housing costs, is specifically designated by such agency to meet the person's housing costs, the portion of such payments which is so designated.

All units in housing assisted under this section shall be made available for occupancy by very low-income elderly persons for not less than 40 years.

The initial term of a contract entered into under subsection (c)(2) of this section shall be 240 months. The Secretary shall, to the extent approved in appropriation Acts, extend any expiring contract for a term of not less than 60 months. In order to facilitate the orderly extension of expiring contracts, the Secretary is authorized to make commitments to extend expiring contracts during the year prior to the date of expiration.

Funds made available under this section shall be allocated by the Secretary among approvable applications submitted by private nonprofit organizations. Applications for assistance under this section shall be submitted by an applicant in such form and in accordance with such procedures as the Secretary shall establish. Such applications shall contain—

(1) a description of the proposed housing;

(2) a description of the assistance the applicant seeks under this section;

(3) a description of the resources that are expected to be made available in compliance with subsection (h) of this section;

(4) a description of (A) the category or categories of elderly persons the housing is intended to serve; (B) the supportive services, if any, to be provided to the persons occupying such housing; (C) the manner in which such services will be provided to such persons, including, in the case of frail elderly persons, evidence of such residential supervision as the Secretary determines is necessary to facilitate the adequate provision of such services; and (D) the public or private sources of assistance that can reasonably be expected to fund or provide such services;

(5) a certification from the public official responsible for submitting a housing strategy for the jurisdiction to be served in accordance with section 12705 of title 42 that the proposed project is consistent with the approved housing strategy; and

(6) such other information or certifications that the Secretary determines to be necessary or appropriate to achieve the purposes of this section.

The Secretary shall not reject an application on technical grounds without giving notice of that rejection and the basis therefor to the applicant and affording the applicant an opportunity to respond.

The Secretary shall establish selection criteria for assistance under this section, which shall include—

(A) the ability of the applicant to develop and operate the proposed housing;

(B) the need for supportive housing for the elderly in the area to be served, taking into consideration the availability of public housing for the elderly and vacancy rates in such facilities;

(C) the extent to which the proposed size and unit mix of the housing will enable the applicant to manage and operate the housing efficiently and ensure that the provision of supportive services will be accomplished in an economical fashion;

(D) the extent to which the proposed design of the housing will meet the special physical needs of elderly persons;

(E) the extent to which the applicant has demonstrated that the supportive services identified in subsection (e)(4) of this section will be provided on a consistent, long-term basis;

(F) the extent to which the applicant has ensured that a service coordinator will be employed or otherwise retained for the housing, who has the managerial capacity and responsibility for carrying out the actions described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (g)(2);

(G) the extent to which the proposed design of the housing will accommodate the provision of supportive services that are expected to be needed, either initially or over the useful life of the housing, by the category or categories of elderly persons the housing is intended to serve; and

(H) such other factors as the Secretary determines to be appropriate to ensure that funds made available under this section are used effectively.

(A) In issuing a capital advance under this subsection for any project for which financing for the purposes described in the last two sentences of subsection (b) is provided by a combination of a capital advance under subsection (c)(1) and sources other than this section, within 30 days of award of the capital advance, the Secretary shall delegate review and processing of such projects to a State or local housing agency that—

(i) is in geographic proximity to the property;

(ii) has demonstrated experience in and capacity for underwriting multifamily housing loans that provide housing and supportive services;

(iii) may or may not be providing low-income housing tax credits in combination with the capital advance under this section,1 and

(iv) agrees to issue a firm commitment within 12 months of delegation.

(B) The Secretary shall retain the authority to process capital advances in cases in which no State or local housing agency has applied to provide delegated processing pursuant to this paragraph or no such agency has entered into an agreement with the Secretary to serve as a delegated processing agency.

(C) An agency to which review and processing is delegated pursuant to subparagraph (A) may assess a reasonable fee which shall be included in the capital advance amounts and may recommend project rental assistance amounts in excess of those initially awarded by the Secretary. The Secretary shall develop a schedule for reasonable fees under this subparagraph to be paid to delegated processing agencies, which shall take into consideration any other fees to be paid to the agency for other funding provided to the project by the agency, including bonds, tax credits, and other gap funding.

(D) Under such delegated system, the Secretary shall retain the authority to approve rents and development costs and to execute a capital advance within 60 days of receipt of the commitment from the State or local agency. The Secretary shall provide to such agency and the project sponsor, in writing, the reasons for any reduction in capital advance amounts or project rental assistance and such reductions shall be subject to appeal.

In carrying out the provisions of this section, the Secretary shall ensure that housing assisted under this section provides a range of services tailored to the needs of the category or categories of elderly persons (including frail elderly persons) occupying such housing. Such services may include (A) meal service adequate to meet nutritional need; (B) housekeeping aid; (C) personal assistance; (D) transportation services; (E) health-related services; (F) providing education and outreach regarding telemarketing fraud, in accordance with the standards issued under section 671(f) of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13631(f)); and (G) such other services as the Secretary deems essential for maintaining independent living. The Secretary may permit the provision of services to elderly persons who are not residents if the participation of such persons will not adversely affect the cost-effectiveness or operation of the program or add significantly to the need for assistance under this Act.

The Secretary shall ensure that owners have the managerial capacity to—

(A) assess on an ongoing basis the service needs of residents;

(B) coordinate the provision of supportive services and tailor such services to the individual needs of residents; and

(C) seek on a continuous basis new sources of assistance to ensure the long-term provision of supportive services.

Any cost associated with this subsection shall be an eligible cost under subsection (c)(2) of this section.

Any cost associated with employing or otherwise retaining a service coordinator in housing assisted under this section shall be considered an eligible cost under subsection (c)(2) of this section. If a project is receiving congregate housing services assistance under section 8011 of title 42, the amount of costs provided under subsection (c)(2) of this section for the project service coordinator may not exceed the additional amount necessary to cover the costs of providing for the coordination of services for residents of the project who are not eligible residents under such section 8011 of title 42. To the extent that amounts are available pursuant to subsection (c)(2) of this section for the costs of carrying out this paragraph within a project, an owner of housing assisted under this section shall provide a service coordinator for the housing to coordinate the provision of services under this subsection within the housing.

The Secretary shall periodically establish reasonable development cost limitations by market area for various types and sizes of supportive housing for the elderly by publishing a notice of the cost limitations in the Federal Register. The cost limitations shall reflect—

(A) the cost of construction, reconstruction, or rehabilitation of supportive housing for the elderly that meets applicable State and local housing and building codes;

(B) the cost of movables necessary to the basic operation of the housing, as determined by the Secretary;

(C) the cost of special design features necessary to make the housing accessible to elderly persons;

(D) the cost of special design features necessary to make individual dwelling units meet the physical needs of elderly project residents;

(E) the cost of congregate space necessary to accommodate the provision of supportive services to elderly project residents;

(F) if the housing is newly constructed, the cost of meeting the energy efficiency standards promulgated by the Secretary in accordance with section 12709 of title 42; and

(G) the cost of land, including necessary site improvement.

In establishing development cost limitations for a given market area under this subsection, the Secretary shall use data that reflect currently prevailing costs of construction, reconstruction, or rehabilitation, and land acquisition in the area. For purposes of this paragraph, the term “congregate space” shall include space for cafeterias or dining halls, community rooms or buildings, workshops, adult day health facilities, or other outpatient health facilities, or other essential service facilities. Neither this section nor any other provision of law may be construed as prohibiting or preventing the location and operation, in a project assisted under this section, of commercial facilities for the benefit of residents of the project and the community in which the project is located, except that assistance made available under this section may not be used to subsidize any such commercial facility.

In the case of existing housing and related facilities to be acquired, the cost limitations shall include—

(A) the cost of acquiring such housing,

(B) the cost of rehabilitation, alteration, conversion, or improvement, including the moderate rehabilitation thereof, and

(C) the cost of the land on which the housing and related facilities are located.

The Secretary shall adjust the cost limitation not less than once annually to reflect changes in the general level of construction, reconstruction, or rehabilitation costs.

The Secretary shall use the development cost limitations established under paragraph (1) or (2) to calculate the amount of financing to be made available to individual owners. Owners which incur actual development costs that are less than the amount of financing shall be entitled to retain 50 percent of the savings in a special housing account. Such percentage shall be increased to 75 percent for owners which add energy efficiency features which—

(i) exceed the energy efficiency standards promulgated by the Secretary in accordance with section 12709 of title 42;

(ii) substantially reduce the life-cycle cost of the housing;

(iii) reduce gross rent requirements; and

(iv) enhance tenant comfort and convenience.

The special housing account established under subparagraph (A) may be used (i) to supplement services provided to residents of the housing or funds set aside for replacement reserves, or (ii) for such other purposes as determined by the Secretary.

The Secretary shall, to the extent practicable, give owners the flexibility to design housing appropriate to their location and proposed resident population within broadly defined parameters.

An owner shall be permitted voluntarily to provide funds from sources other than this section for amenities and other features of appropriate design and construction suitable for supportive housing for the elderly if the cost of such amenities is (A) not financed with the advance, and (B) is not taken into account in determining the amount of Federal assistance or of the rent contribution of tenants. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, assistance amounts provided under this section may be treated as amounts not derived from a Federal grant.

An owner shall adopt written tenant selection procedures that are satisfactory to the Secretary as (A) consistent with the purpose of improving housing opportunities for very low-income elderly persons; and (B) reasonably related to program eligibility and an applicant's ability to perform the obligations of the lease. Such tenant selection procedures shall comply with subtitle C of title VI of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 [42 U.S.C. 13601 et seq.] and any regulations issued under such subtitle. Owners shall promptly notify in writing any rejected applicant of the grounds for any rejection.

The Secretary shall provide to an appropriate agency in each area (which may be the applicable Area Agency on the Aging) information regarding the availability of housing assisted under this section.

The Secretary shall make available appropriate technical assistance to assure that applicants having limited resources, particularly minority applicants, are able to participate more fully in the program carried out under this section.

Each owner shall certify, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, that assistance made available under this section will be conducted and administered in conformity with title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.], the Fair Housing Act [42 U.S.C. 3601 et seq.], and other Federal, State, and local laws prohibiting discrimination and promoting equal opportunity.

The Secretary shall require an owner to deposit an amount not to exceed $25,000 in a special escrow account to assure the owner's commitment to the housing. Such amount shall be used only to cover operating deficits during the first 3 years of operations and shall not be used to cover construction shortfalls or inadequate initial project rental assistance amounts.

The Secretary may reduce or waive the owner deposit specified under paragraph (1) for individual applicants if the Secretary finds that such waiver or reduction is necessary to achieve the purposes of this section and the applicant demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary that it has the capacity to manage and maintain the housing in accordance with this section. The Secretary shall reduce or waive the requirement of the owner deposit under paragraph (1) in the case of a nonprofit applicant that is not affiliated with a national sponsor, as determined by the Secretary.

The Secretary shall notify an owner not less than 30 days prior to canceling any reservation of assistance provided under this section. During the 30-day period following the receipt of a notice under the preceding sentence, an owner may appeal the proposed cancellation of loan authority. Such appeal, including review by the Secretary, shall be completed not later than 45 days after the appeal is filed.

The Secretary shall take such action as may be necessary to ensure that all laborers and mechanics employed by contractors and subcontractors in the construction of housing with 12 or more units assisted under this section shall be paid wages at rates not less than the rates prevailing in the locality involved for the corresponding classes of laborers and mechanics employed on construction of a similar character, as determined by the Secretary of Labor in accordance with sections 3141–3144, 3146, and 3147 of title 40.

Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any individual who—

(i) performs services for which the individual volunteered;

(ii)(I) does not receive compensation for such services; or

(II) is paid expenses, reasonable benefits, or a nominal fee for such services; and

(iii) is not otherwise employed at any time in the construction work.

The Secretary shall authorize the owner of a project assisted under this section to use any residual receipts held for the project in excess of $500 per unit (or in excess of such other amount prescribed by the Secretary based on the needs of the project) for activities to retrofit and renovate the project described under section 8011(d)(3) of title 42, to provide a service coordinator for the project as described in section 8011(d)(4) of title 42, or to provide supportive services (as such term is defined in section 8011(k) of title 42) to residents of the project. Any owner that uses residual receipts under this paragraph shall submit to the Secretary a report, not less than annually, describing the uses of the residual receipts. In determining the amount of project rental assistance to be provided to a project under subsection (c)(2) of this section, the Secretary may take into consideration the residual receipts held for the project only if, and to the extent that, excess residual receipts are not used under this paragraph.

Each owner shall operate housing assisted under this section in compliance with subtitle C of title VI of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 [42 U.S.C. 13601 et seq.] and any regulations issued under such subtitle.

Amounts for project reserves for a project assisted under this section may be used for costs, subject to reasonable limitations as the Secretary determines appropriate, for reducing the number of dwelling units in the project. Such use shall be subject to the approval of the Secretary to ensure that the use is designed to retrofit units that are currently obsolete or unmarketable.

(1) The term “elderly person” means a household composed of one or more persons at least one of whom is 62 years of age or more at the time of initial occupancy.

(2) The term “frail elderly” means an elderly person who is unable to perform at least 3 activities of daily living adopted by the Secretary for purposes of this program. Owners may establish additional eligibility requirements (acceptable to the Secretary) based on the standards in local supportive services programs.

(3) The term “owner” means a private nonprofit organization that receives assistance under this section to develop and operate supportive housing for the elderly.

(4) The term “private nonprofit organization” means—

(A) any incorporated private institution or foundation—

(i) no part of the net earnings of which inures to the benefit of any member, founder, contributor, or individual;

(ii) which has a governing board—

(I) the membership of which is selected in a manner to assure that there is significant representation of the views of the community in which such housing is located; and

(II) which is responsible for the operation of the housing assisted under this section, except that, in the case of a nonprofit organization that is the sponsoring organization of multiple housing projects assisted under this section, the Secretary may determine the criteria or conditions under which financial, compliance and other administrative responsibilities exercised by a single-entity private nonprofit organization that is the owner corporation responsible for the operation of an individual housing project may be shared or transferred to the governing board of such sponsoring organization; and

(iii) which is approved by the Secretary as to financial responsibility; and

(B) a for-profit limited partnership the sole general partner of which is—

(i) an organization meeting the requirements under subparagraph (A);

(ii) a for-profit corporation wholly owned and controlled by one or more organizations meeting the requirements under subparagraph (A); or

(iii) a limited liability company wholly owned and controlled by one or more organizations meeting the requirements under subparagraph (A).

(5) The term “State” includes the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the possessions of the United States.

(6) The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

(7) The term “supportive housing for the elderly” means housing that is designed (A) to meet the special physical needs of elderly persons and (B) to accommodate the provision of supportive services that are expected to be needed, either initially or over the useful life of the housing, by the category or categories of elderly persons that the housing is intended to serve.

(8) The term “very low-income” has the same meaning as given the term “very low-income families” under section 1437a(b)(2) of title 42.

Of any amounts made available for assistance under this section, such sums as may be necessary shall be available for funding capital advances in accordance with subsection (c)(1) of this section. Such amounts, the repayments from such advances, and the proceeds from notes or obligations issued under this section prior to November 28, 1990, shall constitute a revolving fund to be used by the Secretary in carrying out this section.

Of any amounts made available for assistance under this section, such sums as may be necessary shall be available for funding project rental assistance in accordance with subsection (c)(2) of this section.

Not less than 15 percent of the funds made available for assistance under this section shall be allocated by the Secretary on a national basis for nonmetropolitan areas. In complying with this paragraph, the Secretary shall either operate a national competition for the nonmetropolitan funds or make allocations to regional offices of the Department of Housing and Urban Development.

There is authorized to be appropriated for providing assistance under this section $710,000,000 for fiscal year 2000.

There are authorized to be appropriated for providing assistance under this section such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2001, 2002, and 2003.

(Pub. L. 86–372, title II, §202, Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 667; Pub. L. 87–70, title II, §201, June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 162; Pub. L. 87–723, §3, Sept. 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 670; Pub. L. 88–158, Oct. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 278; Pub. L. 88–560, title II, §§201, 203(a)(2), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 783; Pub. L. 89–117, title I, §105(a), (b)(1), formerly §105, Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 457, renumbered Pub. L. 89–754, title X, §1001(1), (2), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1284; Pub. L. 90–19, §16(a), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 25; Pub. L. 90–448, title XVII, §1706, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 605; Pub. L. 91–152, title II, §218, Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 390; Pub. L. 93–383, title II, §210(a)–(f), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 669–671; Pub. L. 94–375, §11, Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1074; Pub. L. 95–128, title II, §202, Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1129; Pub. L. 95–557, title II, §205, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2090; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §306(a)–(d), Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1112, 1113; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §319, Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1646; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §336, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 414; Pub. L. 98–181, title II, §223(a)(1), (b)–(e), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1189, 1190; Pub. L. 98–479, title I, §102(c), title II, §§201(e), 203(h), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2222, 2228, 2230; Pub. L. 100–242, title I, §§161(a)–(c)(1), (d)–(f), 162(b), (c), 170(g), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1855–1857, 1859, 1867; Pub. L. 101–625, title VIII, §§801(a), (e), 804(a)–(c), 805, 807, 808, title IX, §955(c), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4297, 4304, 4322–4324, 4421; Pub. L. 102–139, title II, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 756; Pub. L. 102–242, title II, §241(c)(2), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2331; Pub. L. 102–550, title VI, §§601(c), 602(a)–(c), (e)–(g), 677(a), 682(c), title IX, §913(a), title XVI, §1604(c)(3), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3802–3805, 3829, 3831, 3876, 4083; Pub. L. 106–74, title V, §511, Oct. 20, 1999, 113 Stat. 1101; Pub. L. 106–569, title VIII, §§821, 831–835, 851(c)(1), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 3020–3022, 3024; Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title VIII, §2835(b), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2873; Pub. L. 111–372, title I, §§101–105, Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4077–4079.)

This Act, referred to in subsec. (g)(1), is Pub. L. 86–372, Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 654, as amended, known as the Housing Act of 1959. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1959 Amendment note set out under section 1701 of this title and Tables.

The Housing and Community Development Act of 1992, referred to in subsecs. (i)(1) and (j)(7), is Pub. L. 102–550, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3672. Subtitle C of title VI of the Act is classified generally to subchapter I (§13601 et seq.) of chapter 135 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1992 Amendment note set out under section 5301 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964, referred to in subsec. (j)(2), is Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241, as amended. Title VI of the Act is classified generally to subchapter V (§2000d et seq.) of chapter 21 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000a of Title 42 and Tables.

The Fair Housing Act, referred to in subsec. (j)(2), is title VIII of Pub. L. 90–284, Apr. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 81, as amended, which is classified principally to subchapter I (§3601 et seq.) of chapter 45 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3601 of Title 42 and Tables.

“Sections 3141–3144, 3146, and 3147 of title 40” substituted in subsec. (j)(5)(A) for “the Act of March 3, 1931 (commonly known as the Davis-Bacon Act)” on authority of Pub. L. 107–217, §5(c), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1303, the first section of which enacted Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing Act of 1959, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**2011**—Subsec. (f)(1)(F) to (H). Pub. L. 111–372, §101, added subpar. (F) and redesignated former subpars. (F) and (G) as (G) and (H), respectively.

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 111–372, §102, inserted “reasonable” before “development cost limitations” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (j)(3)(A). Pub. L. 111–372, §103, inserted after period at end “Such amount shall be used only to cover operating deficits during the first 3 years of operations and shall not be used to cover construction shortfalls or inadequate initial project rental assistance amounts.”

Subsec. (k)(4). Pub. L. 111–372, §104, amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) defined “private nonprofit organization”.

Subsec. (*l*)(3). Pub. L. 111–372, §105, inserted after period at end “In complying with this paragraph, the Secretary shall either operate a national competition for the nonmetropolitan funds or make allocations to regional offices of the Department of Housing and Urban Development.”

**2008**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–289 substituted “Initial selection criteria and processing” for “Selection criteria” in heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1) and inserted heading, redesignated former pars. (1) to (7) as subpars. (A) to (G), respectively, of par. (1), and added par. (2).

**2000**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–569, §833(1), struck out “from the Resolution Trust Corporation” after “or the acquisition of a structure”.

Subsec. (g)(1)(F), (G). Pub. L. 106–569, §851(c)(1), added cl. (F) and redesignated former cl. (F) as (G).

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 106–569, §835, inserted at end of concluding provisions “Neither this section nor any other provision of law may be construed as prohibiting or preventing the location and operation, in a project assisted under this section, of commercial facilities for the benefit of residents of the project and the community in which the project is located, except that assistance made available under this section may not be used to subsidize any such commercial facility.”

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 106–569, §833(2), substituted “Acquisition” for “RTC properties” in heading and struck out “from the Resolution Trust Corporation under section 1441a(c) of this title or from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation under section 1831q of this title” after “related facilities to be acquired” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (h)(6). Pub. L. 106–569, §832, substituted “sources other than this section” for “non-Federal sources” and inserted at end “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, assistance amounts provided under this section may be treated as amounts not derived from a Federal grant.”

Subsec. (j)(8). Pub. L. 106–569, §834, added par. (8).

Subsec. (k)(4). Pub. L. 106–569, §831, inserted concluding provisions.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 106–569, §821, added subsec. (m) relating to authorization of appropriations for fiscal years 2001 to 2003.

**1999**—Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 106–74 added subsec. (m) relating to authorization of appropriations for fiscal year 2000.

**1992**—Subsec. (e)(5) to (7). Pub. L. 102–550, §602(b), redesignated pars. (6) and (7) as (5) and (6), respectively, and struck out former par. (5) which read as follows: “a certification from the appropriate State or local agency (as determined by the Secretary) that the provision of services identified in paragraph (4) is well designed to serve the special needs of the category or categories of elderly persons the housing is intended to serve;”.

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 102–550, §602(c), which directed insertion of “, taking into consideration the availability of public housing for the elderly and vacancy rates in such facilities” at end, was executed by making insertion before semicolon at end.

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 102–550, §602(a)(1), struck out “and persons with disabilities” after “elderly persons” in last sentence.

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 102–550, §677(a)(A), struck out at end “Any cost associated with the employment of a service coordinator shall also be an eligible cost except where the project is receiving congregate housing services assistance under section 8011 of title 42.”

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 102–550, §677(a)(B), added par. (3).

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 102–550, §1604(c)(3), made technical amendment to reference to section 1831q of this title to correct reference to corresponding provision of original act.

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 102–550, §682(c)(1), inserted after first sentence “Such tenant selection procedures shall comply with subtitle C of title VI of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 and any regulations issued under such subtitle.”

Subsec. (i)(1)(A). Pub. L. 102–550, §602(a)(2), substituted “elderly persons” for “persons with disabilities”.

Subsec. (j)(3)(B). Pub. L. 102–550, §602(f), inserted at end “The Secretary shall reduce or waive the requirement of the owner deposit under paragraph (1) in the case of a nonprofit applicant that is not affiliated with a national sponsor, as determined by the Secretary.”

Subsec. (j)(5). Pub. L. 102–550, §913(a), amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows:

“(A)

“(B)

Subsec. (j)(6). Pub. L. 102–550, §602(e), added par. (6).

Subsec. (j)(7). Pub. L. 102–550, §682(c)(2), added par. (7).

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 102–550, §601(c)(1), substituted “Allocation of funds” for “Authorizations” in heading.

Subsec. (*l*)(1). Pub. L. 102–550, §601(c)(2), inserted sentence at beginning, substituted “Such amounts” for “Amounts so appropriated” in second sentence, and struck out former first sentence which read as follows: “There are authorized to be appropriated for the purpose of funding capital advances in accordance with subsection (c)(1) of this section $659,000,000 for fiscal year 1992.”

Subsec. (*l*)(2). Pub. L. 102–550, §601(c)(3), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: “For the purpose of funding contracts for project rental assistance in accordance with subsection (c)(2) of this section the Secretary may, to the extent approved in an appropriations Act, reserve authority to enter into obligations aggregating $363,000,000 for fiscal year 1992.”

Subsec. (*l*)(3). Pub. L. 102–550, §602(g), which directed substitution of “15 percent” for “20 percent” in par. (4) was executed to par. (3) to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 102–550, §601(c)(4), substituted “for assistance under this section” for “under this subtitle”.

**1991**—Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 102–139, amending Pub. L. 101–625, §801(a), struck out “in housing principally serving frail elderly persons” after “coordinator”.

Pub. L. 102–139 struck out “or a project where the tenants are not principally frail elderly” before period at end of subsec. (g)(2) as it existed prior to the general amendment of this section by section 801(a) of Pub. L. 101–625.

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 102–242 inserted “or from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation under section 1831q of this title” after “section 1441a(c) of this title”.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–625, §801(a), amended section generally, substituting present provisions for provisions authorizing loans for housing and related facilities for elderly or handicapped families.

Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 101–625, §801(e), struck out before period at end “, and not more than $666,400,000 may be approved in appropriation Acts for such loans with respect to fiscal year 1984. For fiscal years 1988 and 1989, not more than $621,701,000 and $630,000,000, respectively, may be approved in appropriation Acts for such loans” and inserted at end “For fiscal year 1991, not more than $714,200,000 may be approved in appropriation Acts for such loans.”

Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 101–625, §804(b), added par. (9).

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 101–625, §955(c), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), struck out before period at end “; but the Secretary may waive the application of this paragraph in cases or classes of cases where laborers or mechanics, not otherwise employed at any time in the construction of such housing, voluntarily donate their services without full compensation for the purpose of lowering the costs of construction and the Secretary determines that any amounts saved thereby are fully credited to the corporation, cooperative, or public body or agency undertaking the construction”, and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 101–625, §804(a), inserted at end “The term also means the cost of acquiring existing housing and related facilities from the Resolution Trust Corporation under section 1441a(c) of this title, the cost of rehabilitation, alteration, conversion, or improvement, including the moderate rehabilitation thereof, and the cost of the land on which the housing and related facilities are located.”

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–625, §808, designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Pub. L. 101–625, §804(c), inserted at end “In the case of existing housing and related facilities acquired from the Resolution Trust Corporation under section 1441a(c) of this title, the term of the contract pursuant to such section 8 shall be 240 months.”

Subsec. (k)(3). Pub. L. 101–625, §807, added par. (3).

Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 101–625, §805, added subsec. (p).

**1988**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 100–242, §161(c)(1), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted “taking into consideration the average yield, during the 3-month period immediately preceding the fiscal year in which the loan is made, on the most recently issued 30-year marketable obligations of the United States” for “of the Treasury taking into consideration the average interest rate on all interest bearing obligations of the United States then forming a part of the public debt, computed at the end of the fiscal year next preceding the date on which the loan is made”, and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (a)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 100–242, §161(a), inserted provisions relating to such sums as may be approved for fiscal years 1988 and 1989, and substituted “October 1, 1983, to such sum” for “October 1, 1983, and to such sum”.

Pub. L. 100–242, §161(d), substituted “Such notes or other obligations shall bear interest at a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury taking into consideration the average yield, during the 3-month period immediately preceding the fiscal year in which the loan is made, on the most recently issued 30-year marketable obligations of the United States.” for “Such notes or other obligations shall bear interest at a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration the average interest rate on all interest bearing obligations of the United States then forming a part of the public debt, computed at the end of the fiscal year next preceding the date on which the loan is made.”

Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 100–242, §161(b), inserted provisions relating to loan authority for fiscal years 1988 and 1989.

Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 100–242, §161(f), added par. (8).

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 100–242, §162(b)(3), inserted reference to construction designed for dwelling use by 12 or more elderly or handicapped families.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 100–242, §170(g)(1), substituted reference to a handicapped person if such person has a developmental disability as defined in section 6001(7) of title 42, for reference to a handicapped person if such person is a developmentally disabled individual as defined in section 102(5) of the Developmental Disabilities Services and Facilities Construction Amendments of 1950.

Subsec. (d)(9), (10). Pub. L. 100–242, §162(b)(2), added pars. (9), (10).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–242, §162(c), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Pub. L. 100–242, §170(g)(2), substituted “section 133” for “section 134”.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 100–242, §162(b)(1), amended subsec. (h) generally, changing structure of subsection from one consisting of introductory provisions and two numbered paragraphs to one consisting of four numbered paragraphs.

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 100–242, §170(g)(3), substituted “different” for “difference”.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 100–242, §161(e), added subsec. (n).

**1984**—Subsec. (a)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 98–479, §203(h), substituted “chapter 31 of title 31” for “the Second Liberty Bond Act” and “such chapter” for “that Act”.

Pub. L. 98–479, §102(c)(1), substituted “October 1, 1984” for “October 1, 1985”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–479, §201(e), substituted “Health and Human Services” for “Health, Education, and Welfare”.

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 98–479, §102(c)(2)(A), inserted “and” at end.

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 98–479, §102(c)(2)(B), substituted a period for “; and” at end.

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 98–479, §102(c)(3), inserted “The Secretary shall not impose difference requirements or standards with respect to construction change orders, increases in loan amount to cover change orders, errors in plans and specifications, and use of contingency funds, because of the method of contractor selection used by the sponsor or borrower.”

**1983**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 98–181, §223(a)(1), inserted “, except that such interest rate plus such allowance shall not exceed 9.25 per centum per annum”.

Subsec. (a)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 98–181, §223(b), struck out “and” after “1980” and inserted “, to $6,400,000,000 on October 1, 1983, and to such sum as may be approved in an appropriation Act on October 1, 1985,”.

Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 98–181, §223(c), substituted “$666,400,000” and “1984” for “$850,848,000” and “1982”, respectively.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 98–181, §223(d)(1), (2), in provisions preceding par. (1), substituted “1983” for “1978”, and inserted “, and persons described in subparagraphs (B) and (C) of subsection (d)(4) of this section who have been released from residential health treatment facilities”.

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 98–181, §223(d)(3), (5), substituted “persons described in the first sentence of this subsection” for “handicapped persons”, and struck out “and” at end.

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 98–181, §223(d)(4), (6), substituted “persons described in the first sentence of this subsection who are” for “handicapped persons”, and substituted “such community; and” for “such community”.

Subsecs. (i) to (m). Pub. L. 98–181, §223(e), added subsecs. (i) to (m).

**1981**—Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 97–35 inserted provisions relating to fiscal year 1982.

**1980**—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 96–399 inserted last sentence relating to housing to meet the needs of handicapped (primarily nonelderly) persons.

**1979**—Subsec. (a)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 96–153, §306(a), provided for increase of notes or other obligations to $3,827,500,000 on October 1, 1979, to $4,777,500,000 on October 1, 1980, and to $5,752,500,000 on October 1, 1981.

Subsec. (a)(6), (7). Pub. L. 96–153, §306(b), added pars. (6) and (7).

Subsec. (d)(8)(A). Pub. L. 96–153, §306(c)(1), substituted “adult day health facilities, or other” for “or infirmaries or other inpatient or”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–153, §306(c)(2), inserted reference to adult day health services.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 96–153, §306(d), inserted provisions that at the time of settlement on permanent financing, the Secretary make appropriate adjustment in the amount of assistance to be provided under a contract for annual contributions pursuant to section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 reflecting the difference between interest rate which will actually be charged in connection with such permanent financing and the interest rate which was in effect at the time of the reservation of assistance in connection with the project.

**1978**—Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 95–557, §205(b), struck out “in any fiscal year” after “The aggregate loans made under this section”, and “for such year” after “lending authority established”.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 95–557, §205(d), designated provisions beginning “no part of” as par. (A), substituted “member, founder, contributor, or individual” for “private shareholder, contributor, or individual, if such institution or foundation is approved by the Secretary as to financial responsibility”, and added pars. (B) and (C).

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 95–557, §205(c), inserted “the cost of movables necessary to the basic operation of the project as determined by the Secretary,” after “related facilities”.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95–557, §205(a), added subsec. (h).

**1977**—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 95–128, §202(a), provided for determination of “development cost” without regard to mortgage limits applicable to housing projects subject to mortgages insured under section 1715v of this title.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 95–128, §202(b), added subsec. (g).

**1976**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 94–375, §11(c)(1), substituted “average interest rate on all interest bearing obligations of the United States then forming a part of the public debt, computed at the end of the fiscal year next preceding the date on which the loan is made” for “current average market yield on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States with remaining periods to maturity comparable to the average maturities of such loans”.

Subsec. (a)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 94–375, §11(a), (c)(2), substituted “$1,475,000,000, which amount shall be increased to $2,387,500,000 on October 1, 1977, and to $3,300,000,000 on October 1, 1978” for “$800,000,000” and “the average interest rate on all interest bearing obligations of the United States then forming a part of the public debt, computed at the end of the fiscal year next preceding the date on which the loan is made” for “the current average market yield on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States of comparable maturities during the month preceding the issuance of the notes or other obligations”, and inserted provision restricting the amount of notes or obligations issued to the Secretary of the Treasury to not more than $800,000,000.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 94–375, §11(b), included in definition of “elderly or handicapped families” two or more elderly or handicapped persons living together, one such person and another providing care for the first, or a surviving member of the family who was living in the unit at the time another member died.

**1974**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 93–383, §210(a), substituted provisions authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to determine the interest rate, for provisions authorizing the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to determine the interest rate.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 93–383, §210(d), redesignated existing provision as subsec. (a)(4)(A), inserted “, and the proceeds from notes or other obligations issued under subparagraph (B),” after “Amounts so appropriated”, and added subsec. (a)(4)(B), (C).

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 93–383, §210(e), added par. (5).

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 93–383, §210(b), substituted “an impairment” for “a physical impairment” and inserted provisions relating to developmentally disabled individuals.

Subsec. (d)(8). Pub. L. 93–383, §210(f), inserted “residing in the project or in the area” after “families”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–383, §210(c), added subsec. (f).

**1969**—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 91–152 increased by $150,000,000 on July 1, 1969 the amount authorized to be appropriated for the purposes of this section.

**1968**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 90–448, §1706(1), authorized assistance to limited profit sponsors.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 90–448, §1706(2), authorized loans to any limited profit sponsor approved by the Secretary.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 90–448, §1706(3), limited the amount of the loan to not more than 90 per centum of the development cost in the case of other than a corporation, consumer cooperative, or public body or agency.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19, §16(a)(1), substituted “Secretary” for “Administrator” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a)(2) to (4), (b), (c)(2), (3), (d)(2), (4), and (e) of this section.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 90–19, §16(a)(2), struck out at end “, except that for purposes of this subsection the Administrator shall perform the functions vested in the Commissioner by such section 513”.

Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 90–19, §16(a)(3), substituted definition of “Secretary” meaning the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for “Administrator” meaning the Housing and Home Finance Administrator.

**1965**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 89–117, §105(b)(1), substituted “the lower of (A) 3 per centum per annum, or” for “the higher of (A) 2¾ per centum per annum, or”.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 89–117, §105(a), increased amount authorized to be appropriated from $350,000,000 to $500,000,000.

**1964**—Subsec. (a)(1), (2). Pub. L. 88–560, §203(a)(2)(A), substituted “elderly or handicapped families” for “elderly families and elderly persons”.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 88–560, §201, increased amount authorized to be appropriated from $275,000,000 to $350,000,000.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 88–560, §203(a)(2)(B), included in definition of “housing” structures suitable for dwelling use by handicapped families, designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 88–560, §203(a)(2)(C), substituted definitions of “elderly or handicapped families” and when “a person shall be considered handicapped” for former provisions defining “elderly families” as “families the head of which (or his spouse) is sixty-two years of age or over” and “elderly persons” as “persons who are sixty-two years of age or over”.

Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 88–560, §203(a)(2)(D), redefined “construction” to include rehabilitation, alteration, conversion, or improvement of existing structures.

Subsec. (d)(8). Pub. L. 88–560, §203 (a)(2)(E), redefined “existing facilities” by designating existing provisions as cl. (A), inserting in cl. (A) “by elderly or handicapped families” and “workshops”, and adding cl. (B).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 88–560, §203(a)(2)(A), substituted “elderly or handicapped families” for “elderly families and elderly persons” in two places.

**1963**—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 88–158 increased amount authorized to be appropriated from $225,000,000 to $275,000,000.

**1962**—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 87–723, §3(a), increased amount authorized to be appropriated from $125,000,000 to $225,000,000.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 87–723, §3(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (d)(1)(A) as entire subsec. (d)(1) and struck out subsec. (d)(1)(B) which included in definition of “housing” dwelling facilities provided by rehabilitation, alteration, conversion, or improvement of existing structures which were otherwise inadequate for proposed dwellings used by elderly families and persons.

Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 87–723, §3(b)(2), struck out “, or rehabilitation, alteration, conversion, or improvement of existing structures” after “new structures”.

Subsec. (d)(8). Pub. L. 87–723, §3(b)(3), redesignated subsec. (d)(8)(A) as entire subsec. (d)(8) and struck out subsec. (d)(8)(B) which included in definition of “related facilities” structures suitable for essential service facilities provided by rehabilitation, alteration, conversion, or improvement of existing structures which were otherwise inadequate for essential service facilities.

**1961**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 87–70, §201(a)(1), authorized assistance for consumer cooperatives and public bodies and agencies.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 87–70, §201(a)(2), authorized loans to consumer cooperatives and to public bodies or agencies, and prohibited loans to public bodies or agencies unless they certify that they are not receiving financial assistance exclusively pursuant to the United States Housing Act of 1937.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 87–70, §201(a)(3), (b), substituted “loan under this section” for “loan to a corporation under this section”, and “may be in an amount not exceeding the total development cost” for “may be in an amount not exceeding 98 per centum of the total development cost”.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 87–70, §201(c), increased amount authorized to be appropriated from $50,000,000 to $125,000,000, and struck out provisions which limited the amount outstanding at any one time for related facilities to not more than $5,000,000.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 87–70, §201(a)(4), substituted “credited to the corporation, cooperative, or public body or agency undertaking” for “credited to the corporation undertaking”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 87–70, §201(d), added subsec. (e).

Pub. L. 106–569, title VIII, §803, Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 3019, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

Pub. L. 106–74, title V, §503, Oct. 20, 1999, 113 Stat. 1101, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

Amendment by sections 677(a) and 682(c) of Pub. L. 102–550 applicable on expiration of 6-month period beginning Oct. 28, 1992, see section 13642 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Amendment by section 1604(c)(3) of Pub. L. 102–550 effective as if included in the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991, Pub. L. 102–242, as of Dec. 19, 1991, see section 1609(a) of Pub. L. 102–550, set out as a note under section 191 of this title.

Section 801(c) of Pub. L. 101–625 provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 1439 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] shall take effect on October 1, 1991, with respect to projects approved on or after such date. The Secretary shall issue regulations for such purpose after notice and an opportunity for public comment in accordance with section 553 of title 5, United States Code. Regulations shall be issued for comment not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990].”

Amendment by section 955(c) of Pub. L. 101–625 applicable to any volunteer services provided before, on, or after Nov. 28, 1990, except that such amendment may not be construed to require repayment of any wages paid before Nov. 28, 1990, for services provided before such date, see section 955(d) of Pub. L. 101–625, set out as a note under section 1437j of Title 42.

Pub. L. 101–507, title II, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1358, provided that sections 801, 802, and 811 of Pub. L. 101–625 [enacting sections 8011 and 8013 of Title 42, amending this section and sections 1437g and 1439 of Title 42, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] are deemed enacted as of the date of enactment of Pub. L. 101–507, which was approved Nov. 5, 1990.

Section 162(f) of Pub. L. 100–242 provided that:

“(1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the provisions of, and amendments made by, this section [amending this section and enacting and repealing provisions set out as notes below] shall not apply with respect to projects with loans or loan reservations made under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 [this section] before the implementation date under subsection (e) [section 162(e) of Pub. L. 100–242 set out below].

“(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Secretary shall apply the provisions of, and amendments made by, this section to any project if needed to facilitate the development of such project in a timely manner.”

Section 223(a)(2) of Pub. L. 98–181, as amended by Pub. L. 99–120, §5(b), Oct. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 504; Pub. L. 99–156, §5(b), Nov. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 817; Pub. L. 99–219, §5(b), Dec. 26, 1985, 99 Stat. 1732; Pub. L. 99–267, §5(b), Mar. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 75; Pub. L. 99–272, title III, §3011(b), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 106; Pub. L. 99–289, §1(b), May 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 99–345, §1, June 24, 1986, 100 Stat. 673; Pub. L. 99–430, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 986; Pub. L. 100–122, §1, Sept. 30, 1987, 101 Stat. 793; Pub. L. 100–154, Nov. 5, 1987, 101 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 100–170, Nov. 17, 1987, 101 Stat. 914; Pub. L. 100–179, Dec. 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 1018; Pub. L. 100–200, Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1327, which provided that the amendment made by paragraph (1), amending this section, shall apply only with respect to loan agreements entered into after September 30, 1982, and not later than March 15, 1988, was repealed by Pub. L. 100–242, title I, §161(c)(2), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1856.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

Section 105(b)(2) of Pub. L. 89–117, as added by Pub. L. 89–754, title X, §1001(3), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1284, provided that: “The interest rate provided by the amendment made in paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall be applicable (A) with respect to any loan made on or after August 10, 1965, and (B) with respect to any loan made prior to such date if construction of the housing or related facilities to be assisted by such loan was not commenced prior to such date, and not completed prior to the filing of an application for the benefits of such interest rate.”

Section 3(b) of Pub. L. 87–723 provided that the amendments made by that section are effective with respect to applications for loans made under this section after Sept. 28, 1962.

Pub. L. 106–74, title V, §502, Oct. 20, 1999, 113 Stat. 1101, provided that: “The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall issue any regulations to carry out this title [see Short Title of 1999 Amendment note set out under section 1701 of this title] and the amendments made by this title that the Secretary determines may or will affect tenants of federally assisted housing only after notice and opportunity for public comment in accordance with the procedure under section 553 of title 5, United States Code, applicable to substantive rules (notwithstanding subsections (a)(2), (b)(B), and (d)(3) of such section). Notice of such proposed rulemaking shall be provided by publication in the Federal Register. In issuing such regulations, the Secretary shall take such actions as may be necessary to ensure that such tenants are notified of, and provided an opportunity to participate in, the rulemaking, as required by such section 553.”

Pub. L. 108–186, title II, Dec. 16, 2003, 117 Stat. 2688, provided that:

“This title may be cited as the ‘Living Equitably: Grandparents Aiding Children and Youth Act of 2003’ or the ‘LEGACY Act of 2003’.

“In this title:

“(1)

“(A) is not attending school and is not more than 18 years of age; or

“(B) is attending school and is not more than 19 years of age.

“(2)

“(A) includes a child; and

“(B) has a head of household who is—

“(i) a grandparent of the child who is raising the child; or

“(ii) a relative of the child who is raising the child.

“(3)

“(4)

“(A)

“(B)

“(5)

“(6)

“(7)

“(8)

“(A) has not fewer than 2 separate bedrooms;

“(B) is equipped with design features appropriate to meet the special physical needs of elderly persons, as needed; and

“(C) is equipped with design features appropriate to meet the special physical needs of young children, as needed.

“(9)

“(A) resides with the child; and

“(B) is the primary caregiver for the child—

“(i) because the biological or adoptive parents of the child do not reside with the child or are unable or unwilling to serve as the primary caregiver for the child; and

“(ii) regardless of whether the individual has a legal relationship to the child (such as guardianship or legal custody) or is caring for the child informally and has no such legal relationship with the child.

“(10)

“(A)

“(i) is not a parent of the child by blood or marriage; and

“(ii) is a relative of the child by blood or marriage, regardless of the age of the individual.

“(B)

“(11)

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) by designating and retrofitting, for use as intergenerational dwelling units, existing dwelling units that are located within a project assisted under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 (12 U.S.C. 1701q);

“(2) through development of buildings or projects comprised solely of intergenerational dwelling units; or

“(3) through the development of an annex or addition to an existing project assisted under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 (12 U.S.C. 1701q), that contains intergenerational dwelling units, including through the development of elder cottage housing opportunity units that are small, freestanding, barrier free, energy efficient, removable dwelling units located adjacent to a larger project or dwelling.

“(c)

“(1) notwithstanding subsection (d)(1) of that section 202 or any provision of that section restricting occupancy to elderly persons, any intergenerational dwelling unit assisted under the demonstration program may be occupied by an intergenerational family;

“(2) subsections (e) and (f) of that section 202 shall not apply;

“(3) in addition to the requirements under subsection (g) of that section 202, the Secretary shall—

“(A) ensure that occupants of intergenerational dwelling units assisted under the demonstration program are provided a range of services that are tailored to meet the needs of elderly persons, children, and intergenerational families; and

“(B) coordinate with the heads of other Federal agencies as may be appropriate to ensure the provision of such services; and

“(4) the Secretary may waive or alter any other provision of that section 202 necessary to provide for assistance under the demonstration program.

“(d)

“(1) establish application procedures for private nonprofit organizations to apply for assistance under this section; and

“(2) to the extent that amounts are made available pursuant to subsection (f), select not less than 2 and not more than 4 projects that are assisted under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 (12 U.S.C. 1701q) for assistance under this section, based on the ability of the applicant to develop and operate intergenerational dwelling units and national geographical diversity among those projects funded.

“(e)

“(1) describes the demonstration program; and

“(2) analyzes the effectiveness of the demonstration program.

“(f)

“(g)

[Amended section 3535 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.]

“(a)

“(1) conduct a study to determine an estimate of the number of covered families in the United States and their affordable housing needs; and

“(2) submit a report to Congress regarding the results of the study conducted under paragraph (1).

“(b)

“(1) be submitted to Congress not later than 12 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 16, 2003]; and

“(2) include recommendations by the Secretary and the Director of the Bureau of the Census regarding how the major assisted housing programs of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, including the supportive housing for the elderly program under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 (12 U.S.C. 1701q) can be used and, if appropriate, amended or altered, to meet the affordable housing needs of covered families.”

Pub. L. 106–569, title VIII, §811, Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 3019, as amended by Pub. L. 107–116, title VI, §633(a), Jan. 10, 2002, 115 Stat. 2228; Pub. L. 111–372, title II, §§201–204, Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4079–4081, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) the project sponsor agrees to operate the project until at least 20 years following the maturity date of the original loan under terms at least as advantageous to existing and future tenants as the terms required by the original loan agreement or any project-based rental assistance payments contract under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f] (or any other project-based rental housing assistance programs of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, including the rent supplement program under section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 (12 U.S.C. 1701s)), or any successor project-based rental assistance program, relating to the project; and

“(2) the prepayment may involve refinancing of the loan if such refinancing results in—

“(A) a lower interest rate on the principal of the loan for the project and in reductions in debt service related to such loan; or

“(B) a transaction in which the project owner will address the physical needs of the project, but only if, as a result of the refinancing—

“(i) the rent charges for unassisted families residing in the project do not increase or such families are provided rental assistance under a senior preservation rental assistance contract for the project pursuant to subsection (e); and

“(ii) the overall cost for providing rental assistance under section 8 for the project (if any) is not increased, except, upon approval by the Secretary to—

“(I) mark-up-to-market contracts pursuant to section 524(a)(3) of the Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act [of 1997] [Pub. L. 105–65] (42 U.S.C. 1437f note), as such section is carried out by the Secretary for properties owned by nonprofit organizations; or

“(II) mark-up-to-budget contracts pursuant to section 524(a)(4) of the Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act (42 U.S.C. 1437f note), as such section is carried out by the Secretary for properties owned by eligible owners (as such term is defined in section 202(k) of the Housing Act of 1959 (12 U.S.C. 1701q(k)); and

“(3) notwithstanding paragraph (2)(A), the prepayment and refinancing authorized pursuant to paragraph (2)(B) involves an increase in debt service only in the case of a refinancing of a project assisted with a loan under such section 202 carrying an interest rate of 6 percent or lower.

“(b)

“(c)

“(1) not more than 15 percent of the cost of increasing the availability or provision of supportive services, which may include the financing of service coordinators and congregate services, except that upon the request of the non-profit owner, sponsor, or organization and determination of the Secretary, such 15 percent limitation may be waived to ensure that the use of unexpended amounts better enables seniors to age in place;

“(2) rehabilitation, modernization, or retrofitting of structures, common areas, or individual dwelling units, including reducing the number of units by reconfiguring units that are functionally obsolete, unmarketable, or not economically viable;

“(3) construction of an addition or other facility in the project, including assisted living facilities (or, upon the approval of the Secretary, facilities located in the community where the project sponsor refinances a project under this section, or pools shared resources from more than one such project);

“(4) rent reduction of unassisted tenants residing in the project;

“(5) rehabilitation of the project to ensure long-term viability; and

“(6) the payment to the project owner, sponsor, or third party developer of a developer's fee in an amount not to exceed or duplicate—

“(A) in the case of a project refinanced through a State low income housing tax credit program, the fee permitted by the low income housing tax credit program as calculated by the State program as a percentage of acceptable development cost as defined by that State program; or

“(B) in the case of a project refinanced through any other source of refinancing, 15 percent of the acceptable development cost.

“For purposes of paragraph (6)(B), the term ‘acceptable development cost’ shall include, as applicable, the cost of acquisition, rehabilitation, loan prepayment, initial reserve deposits, and transaction costs.

“(d)

“(1) to use any residual receipts held for that project in excess of $500 per individual dwelling unit for the cost of activities designed to increase the availability or provision of supportive services or other purposes approved by the Secretary; and

“(2) to use any reserves for replacement in excess of $1,000 per individual dwelling unit for activities described in paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (c).

“(e)

“(1) Assistance under the contract shall be made available to the private nonprofit organization owner—

“(A) for a term of at least 20 years, subject to annual appropriations; and

“(B) under the same rules governing project-based rental assistance made available under section 8 of the Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f] or under the rules of such assistance as may be made available for the project.

“(2) Any projects for which a senior preservation rental assistance contract is provided shall be subject to a use agreement to ensure continued project affordability having a term of the longer of (A) the term of the senior preservation rental assistance contract, or (B) such term as is required by the new financing.

“(f)

“(1) in connection with new financing for the project, the subordination of the loan for the project under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 [12 U.S.C. 1701q] (as in effect before the enactment of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act [Pub. L. 101–625, which was approved Nov. 28, 1990]) and the continued subordination of any other existing subordinate debt previously approved by the Secretary to facilitate preservation of the project as affordable housing; or

“(2) the assumption (which may include the subordination described in paragraph (1)) of the loan for the project under such section 202 in connection with the transfer of the project with such a loan to a private nonprofit organization.

“(g)

“(h)

“(1) has determined that the owner of the project has notified the tenants of the owner's request for approval of a prepayment; and

“(2) has determined that the owner of the project has provided the tenants with an opportunity to comment on the owner's request for approval of a prepayment, including on the description of any anticipated rehabilitation or other use of the proceeds from the transaction, and its impacts on project rents, tenant contributions, or the affordability restrictions for the project, and that the owner has responded to such comments in writing.

“(i)

[Pub. L. 111–372, title II, §203(2), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4081, which directed amendment of section 811(d)(1) of Pub. L. 106–569, set out above, by inserting before the period at the end “or other purposes approved by the Secretary”, was executed by making the insertion before “; and” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.]

[Pub. L. 107–116, title VI, §633(b), Jan. 10, 2002, 115 Stat. 2228, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending section 811 of Pub. L. 106–569, set out above] shall take effect upon the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 10, 2002] and the provisions of section 811 of the American Homeownership and Economic Opportunity Act of 2000 (12 U.S.C. 1701q note), as amended by subsection (a) of this section, shall apply as so amended upon such date of enactment, notwithstanding—

[“(1) any authority of the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to issue regulations to implement or carry out the amendments made by subsection (a) of this section or the provisions of section 811 of the American Homeownership and Economic Opportunity Act of 2000 (12 U.S.C. 1701q note); or

[“(2) any failure of the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to issue any such regulations authorized.”]

Section 677(b) of Pub. L. 102–550 provided that:

“(1)

“(A) employing or otherwise retaining the services of one or more service coordinators under section 661 [671] of this Act [42 U.S.C. 13631] to coordinate the provision of any services within the project for residents of the project who are elderly families and disabled families; and

“(B) expenses for the provision of such services.

Not more than 15 percent of the cost of the provision of services under subparagraph (B) may be considered under this paragraph for purposes of determining the amount of assistance provided.

“(2)

“(3)

Section 801(d) of Pub. L. 101–625 provided that:

“(1)

“(A) provide such adjustments and waivers to the cost limitations specified under 24 CFR 885.410(a)(1); and

“(B) make such adjustments to the relevant fair market rent limitations established under section 8(c)(1) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f(c)(1)] in providing assistance under such Act,

as are necessary to ensure the expedited financing and construction of qualified supportive housing for the elderly provided that the Secretary finds that any applicable cost containment rules and regulations have been satisfied.

“(2)

“(A) located in a high-cost jurisdiction; and

“(B) for which a loan reservation was made under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 [12 U.S.C. 1701q], 3 years before the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990] but for which no loan has been executed and recorded.”

Section 806(b) of Pub. L. 101–625, as amended by Pub. L. 102–550, title VI, §602(d), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3804, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(4)

Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to provide a preference to native Hawaiians for housing assistance programs under this section for housing located on Hawaiian home lands, see section 958 of Pub. L. 101–625, set out as a note under section 1437f of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Section 162(a) of Pub. L. 100–242 provided that:

“(1) The Congress finds that—

“(A) housing for nonelderly handicapped families is assisted under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 [12 U.S.C. 1701q] and section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f];

“(B) the housing programs under such sections are designed and implemented primarily to assist rental housing for elderly and nonelderly families and are often inappropriate for dealing with the specialized needs of the physically impaired, the developmentally disabled, and the chronically mentally ill;

“(C) the development of housing for nonelderly handicapped families under such programs is often more expensive than necessary, thereby reducing the number of such families that can be assisted with available funds;

“(D) the program under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 can continue to provide direct loans to finance group residences and independent apartments for nonelderly handicapped families, but can be made more efficient and less costly by the adoption of standards and procedures applicable only to housing for such families;

“(E) the cost containment policies currently being implemented in the development of small group homes (i) do not adequately reflect the necessity for building designs to meet the needs of the designated residents; and (ii) do not recognize necessary State and local standards for the operation of such homes;

“(F) the use of the program under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 to assist rentals for housing for nonelderly handicapped families is time consuming and unnecessarily costly and, in some areas of the Nation, prevents the development of such housing;

“(G) the use of the program under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 to assist rentals for housing for nonelderly handicapped families should be replaced by a more appropriate subsidy mechanism;

“(H) both elderly and handicapped housing projects assisted under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 will benefit from an increased emphasis on supportive services and a greater use of State and local funds; and

“(I) an improved program for nonelderly handicapped families will assist in providing shelter and supportive services for mentally ill persons who might otherwise be homeless.

“(2) The purpose of this section is to improve the direct loan program under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 to ensure that such program meets the special housing and related needs of nonelderly handicapped families.”

Section 162(d) of Pub. L. 100–242 provided that: “On and after the first date that amounts approved in an appropriation Act for any fiscal year become available for contracts under section 202(h)(4)(A) of the Housing Act of 1959 [12 U.S.C. 1701q(h)(4)(A)], as amended by subsection (b) of this section, no project for handicapped (primarily nonelderly) families approved for such fiscal year pursuant to section 202 of such Act shall be provided assistance payments under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f], except pursuant to a reservation for a contract to make such assistance payments that was made before the first date that amounts for contracts under such section 202(h)(4)(A) became available.”

Section 162(e) of Pub. L. 100–242 provided that: “Not later than the expiration of the 120-day period following the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 5, 1988], the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall, to the extent amounts are approved in an appropriation Act for use under section 202(h)(4)(A) of the Housing Act of 1959 [12 U.S.C. 1701q(h)(4)(A)] for fiscal year 1988, publish in the Federal Register a notice of fund availability to implement the provisions of, and amendments made by, this section [amending this section and enacting and repealing provisions set out above]. The Secretary shall issue such rules as may be necessary to carry out such provisions and amendments for fiscal year 1989 and thereafter.”

Pub. L. 101–507, title II, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1361, provided: “That, notwithstanding section 202(a)(3) of the Housing Act of 1959 [12 U.S.C. 1701q(a)(3)], any such obligations [direct loan obligations made in fiscal year 1991] shall bear an interest rate which does not exceed 9.25 per centum, including the allowance adequate in the judgment of the Secretary to cover administrative costs and probable losses under the program.”

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 101–144, title II, Nov. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 847.

Pub. L. 100–404, title I, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1016.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(f) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–187, 1329–190.

Pub. L. 99–500, §101(g) [H.R. 5313, title I], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–242, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(g), Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–242.

Pub. L. 99–160, title I, Nov. 25, 1985, 99 Stat. 911.

Pub. L. 98–371, title I, July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1216.

Pub. L. 98–45, title I, as added Pub. L. 98–181, title I, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1153.

Section 306(e), (f) of Pub. L. 96–153 required Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, not later than six months after Dec. 21, 1979, to report to Congress on housing needs of elderly and handicapped in rural areas and recommend to Congress on means to reduce costs of program carried out under this section.

Section 210(g) of Pub. L. 93–383 provided that:

“(1) In determining the feasibility and marketability of a project under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 [this section], the Secretary shall consider the availability of monthly assistance payments pursuant to section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f] with respect to such a project.

“(2) The Secretary shall insure that with the original approval of a project authorized pursuant to section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959, and thereafter at each annual revision of the assistance contract under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 with respect to units in such project, the project will serve both low- and moderate-income families in a mix which he determines to be appropriate for the area and for viable operation of the project; except that the Secretary shall not permit maintenance of vacancies to await tenants of one income level where tenants of another income level are available.”

1 So in original. The comma probably should be a semicolon.

2 So in original. Probably should be “(n)”.

The penalties set forth in this section shall be in addition to any other available civil remedy or criminal penalty, and may be imposed whether or not the Secretary imposes other administrative sanctions. The Secretary may not impose penalties under this section for violations a material cause of which are the failure of the Department, an agent of the Department, or a public housing agency to comply with existing agreements.

Whenever a mortgagor of property that includes 5 or more living units and that has a mortgage held pursuant to section 1701q of this title, who has agreed in writing, as a condition of a transfer of physical assets, a flexible subsidy loan, a capital improvement loan, a modification of the mortgage terms, or a workout agreement, to use nonproject income to make cash contributions for payments due under the note and mortgage, for payments to the reserve for replacements, to restore the project to good physical condition, or to pay other project liabilities, knowingly and materially fails to comply with any of these commitments, the Secretary may impose a civil money penalty on the mortgagor in accordance with the provisions of this section.

The amount of the penalty, as determined by the Secretary, for a violation of this subsection may not exceed the amount of the loss the Secretary would incur at a foreclosure sale, or sale after foreclosure, with respect to the property involved.

The Secretary may also impose a civil money penalty on a mortgagor or property that includes 5 or more living units and that has a mortgage held pursuant to section 1701q of this title for any knowing and material violation of the regulatory agreement executed by the mortgagor, as follows:

(A) Conveyance, transfer, or encumbrance of any of the mortgaged property, or permitting the conveyance, transfer, or encumbrance of such property, without the prior written approval of the Secretary.

(B) Assignment, transfer, disposition, or encumbrance of any personal property of the project, including rents, or paying out any funds, except for reasonable operating expenses and necessary repairs, without the prior written approval of the Secretary.

(C) Conveyance, assignment, or transfer of any beneficial interest in any trust holding title to the property, or the interest of any general partner in a partnership owning the property, or any right to manage or receive the rents and profits from the mortgaged property, without the prior written approval of the Secretary.

(D) Remodeling, adding to, reconstructing, or demolishing any part of the mortgaged property or subtracting from any real or personal property of the project, without the prior written approval of the Secretary.

(E) Requiring, as a condition of the occupancy or leasing of any unit in the project, any consideration or deposit other than the prepayment of the first month's rent, plus a security deposit in an amount not in excess of 1 month's rent, to guarantee the performance of the covenants of the lease.

(F) Not holding any funds collected as security deposits separate and apart from all other funds of the project in a trust account, the amount of which at all times equals or exceeds the aggregate of all outstanding obligations under the account.

(G) Payment for services, supplies, or materials which exceeds $500 and substantially exceeds the amount ordinarily paid for such services, supplies, or materials in the area where the services are rendered or the supplies or materials furnished.

(H) Failure to maintain at any time the mortgaged property, equipment, buildings, plans, offices, apparatus, devices, books, contracts, records, documents, and other related papers (including failure to keep copies of all written contracts or other instruments which affect the mortgaged property) in reasonable condition for proper audit and for examination and inspection at any reasonable time by the Secretary or any duly authorized agents of the Secretary.

(I) Failure to maintain the books and accounts of the operations of the mortgaged property and of the project in accordance with requirements prescribed by the Secretary.

(J) Failure to furnish the Secretary, by the expiration of the 60-day period beginning on the 1st day after the completion of each fiscal year, with a complete annual financial report based upon an examination of the books and records of the mortgagor prepared in accordance with requirements prescribed by the Secretary, and prepared and certified to by an independent public accountant or a certified public accountant and certified to by an officer of the mortgagor, unless the Secretary has approved an extension of the 60-day period in writing. The Secretary shall approve an extension where the mortgagor demonstrates that failure to comply with this subparagraph is due to events beyond the control of the mortgagor.

(K) At the request of the Secretary, the agents of the Secretary, the employees of the Secretary, or the attorneys of the Secretary, failure to furnish monthly occupancy reports or failure to provide specific answers to questions upon which information is sought relative to income, assets, liabilities, contracts, the operation and condition of the property, or the status of the mortgage.

(L) Failure to make promptly all payments due under the note and mortgage, including tax and insurance escrow payments, and payments to the reserve for replacements when there is adequate project income available to make such payments.

(M) Amending the articles of incorporation or bylaws, other than as permitted under the terms of the articles of incorporation as approved by the Secretary, without the prior written approval of the Secretary.

A penalty imposed for a violation under this subsection, as determined by the Secretary, may not exceed $25,000 for a violation of any of the subparagraphs of paragraph (1).

The Secretary shall establish standards and procedures governing the imposition of civil money penalties under subsections (b) and (c) of this section. These standards and procedures—

(A) shall provide for the Secretary or other department official (such as the Assistant Secretary for Housing) to make the determination to impose a penalty;

(B) shall provide for the imposition of a penalty only after the mortgagor has been given an opportunity for a hearing on the record; and

(C) may provide for review by the Secretary of any determination or order, or interlocutory ruling, arising from a hearing.

If no hearing is requested within 15 days of receipt of the notice of opportunity for hearing, the imposition of the penalty shall constitute a final and unappealable determination. If the Secretary reviews the determination or order, the Secretary may affirm, modify, or reverse that determination or order. If the Secretary does not review the determination or order within 90 days of the issuance of the determination or order, the determination or order shall be final.

In determining the amount of a penalty under subsection (b) or (c) of this section, consideration shall be given to such factors as the gravity of the offense, any history of prior offenses (including offenses occurring before December 15, 1989), ability to pay the penalty, injury to the tenants, injury to the public, benefits received, deterrence of future violations, and such other factors as the Secretary may determine in regulations to be appropriate.

The Secretary's determination or order imposing a penalty under subsection (b) or (c) of this section shall not be subject to review, except as provided in subsection (e) of this section.

After exhausting all administrative remedies established by the Secretary under subsection (d)(1) of this section, a mortgagor against whom the Secretary has imposed a civil money penalty under subsection (b) or (c) of this section may obtain a review of the penalty and such ancillary issues as may be addressed in the notice of determination to impose a penalty under subsection (d)(1)(A) of this section in the appropriate court of appeals of the United States, by filing in such court, within 20 days after the entry of such order or determination, a written petition praying that the Secretary's order or determination be modified or be set aside in whole or in part.

The court shall not consider any objection that was not raised in the hearing conducted pursuant to subsection (d)(1) of this section unless a demonstration is made of extraordinary circumstances causing the failure to raise the objection. If any party demonstrates to the satisfaction of the court that additional evidence not presented at such hearing is material and that there were reasonable grounds for the failure to present such evidence at the hearing, the court shall remand the matter to the Secretary for consideration of such additional evidence.

The decisions, findings, and determinations of the Secretary shall be reviewed pursuant to section 706 of title 5.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in any such review, the court shall have the power to order payment of the penalty imposed by the Secretary.

If a mortgagor fails to comply with the Secretary's determination or order imposing a civil money penalty under subsection (b) or (c) of this section, after the determination or order is no longer subject to review as provided by subsections (d)(1) and (e) of this section, the Secretary may request the Attorney General of the United States to bring an action in an appropriate United States district court to obtain a monetary judgment against the mortgagor and such other relief as may be available. The monetary judgment may, in the court's discretion, include the attorneys fees and other expenses incurred by the United States in connection with the action. In an action under this subsection, the validity and appropriateness of the Secretary's determination or order imposing the penalty shall not be subject to review.

The Secretary may compromise, modify, or remit any civil money penalty which may be, or has been, imposed under this section.

The term “knowingly” means having actual knowledge of or acting with deliberate ignorance of or reckless disregard for the prohibitions under this section.

The Secretary shall issue such regulations as the Secretary deems appropriate to implement this section.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, all civil money penalties collected under this section shall be deposited in the fund established under section 1715z–1a(j) of this title.

(Pub. L. 86–372, title II, §202a, as added Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §109(a), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2007.)

Section was enacted as part of the Housing Act of 1959, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Section 109(b) of Pub. L. 101–235 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [enacting this section] shall apply only with respect to violations referred to in the amendment that occur on or after the effective date of this section [Dec. 15, 1989].”

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may make grants in accordance with this section to owners of eligible projects described in subsection (b) of this section for one or both of the following activities:

Substantial capital repairs to projects that are needed to rehabilitate, modernize, or retrofit aging structures, common areas, or individual dwelling units.

Activities designed to convert dwelling units in the eligible project to assisted living facilities for elderly persons.

Activities designed to convert dwelling units in the eligible project to service-enriched housing for elderly persons.

An eligible project described in this subsection is a multifamily housing project that is—

(1)(A) described in subparagraph (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), or (G) of section 13641(2) of title 42, or (B) only to the extent amounts of the Department of Agriculture are made available to the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for such grants under this section for such projects, subject to a loan made or insured under section 1485 of title 42;

(2) owned by a private nonprofit organization (as such term is defined in section 1701q of this title); and

(3) designated primarily for occupancy by elderly persons.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection or this section, an unused or underutilized commercial property may be considered an eligible project under this subsection, except that the Secretary may not provide grants under this section for more than three such properties. For any such projects, any reference under this section to dwelling units shall be considered to refer to the premises of such properties.

Applications for grants under this section shall be submitted to the Secretary in accordance with such procedures as the Secretary shall establish. Such applications shall contain—

(1) a description of the substantial capital repairs or the proposed conversion activities for either an assisted living facility or service-enriched housing for which a grant under this section is requested;

(2) the amount of the grant requested to complete the substantial capital repairs or conversion activities;

(3) a description of the resources that are expected to be made available, if any, in conjunction with the grant under this section; and

(4) such other information or certifications that the Secretary determines to be necessary or appropriate.

The Secretary may not make a grant under this section for conversion activities unless an application for a grant submitted pursuant to subsection (c) contains sufficient evidence, in the determination of the Secretary, of firm commitments for the funding of services to be provided in the assisted living facility or service-enriched housing, which may be provided by third parties.

The Secretary shall require evidence that each recipient of a grant for service-enriched housing under this section provides relevant and timely disclosure of information to residents or potential residents of such housing relating to—

(A) the services that will be available at the property to each resident, including—

(i) the right to accept, decline, or choose such services and to have the choice of provider;

(ii) the services made available by or contracted through the grantee;

(iii) the identity of, and relevant information for, all agencies or organizations providing any services to residents, which agencies or organizations shall provide information regarding all procedures and requirements to obtain services, any charges or rates for the services, and the rights and responsibilities of the residents related to those services;

(B) the availability, identity, contact information, and role of the service coordinator; and

(C) such other information as the Secretary determines to be appropriate to ensure that residents are adequately informed of the services options available to promote resident independence and quality of life.

The Secretary shall select applications for grants under this section based upon selection criteria, which shall be established by the Secretary and shall include—

(1) in the case of a grant for substantial capital repairs, the extent to which the project to be repaired is in need of such repair, including such factors as the age of improvements to be repaired, and the impact on the health and safety of residents of failure to make such repairs;

(2) in the case of a grant for conversion activities, the extent to which the conversion is likely to provide assisted living facilities or service-enriched housing that are needed or are expected to be needed by the categories of elderly persons that the assisted living facility 1 service-enriched housing is intended to serve, with a special emphasis on very low-income elderly persons who need assistance with activities of daily living;

(3) the inability of the applicant to fund the repairs or conversion activities from existing financial resources, as evidenced by the applicant's financial records, including assets in the applicant's residual receipts account and reserves for replacement account;

(4) the extent to which the applicant has evidenced community support for the repairs or conversion, by such indicators as letters of support from the local community for the repairs or conversion and financial contributions from public and private sources;

(5) in the case of a grant for conversion activities, the extent to which the applicant demonstrates a strong commitment to promoting the autonomy and independence of the elderly persons that the assisted living facility or service-enriched housing is intended to serve;

(6) in the case of a grant for conversion activities, the quality, completeness, and managerial capability of providing the services which the assisted living facility or service-enriched housing intends to provide to elderly residents, especially in such areas as meals, 24-hour staffing, and on-site health care; and

(7) such other criteria as the Secretary determines to be appropriate to ensure that funds made available under this section are used effectively.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a multifamily project which includes one or more dwelling units that have been converted to assisted living facilities or service-enriched housing using grants made under this section shall be eligible for project-based assistance under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f], in the same manner in which the project would be eligible for such assistance but for the assisted living facilities or service-enriched housing in the project.

For assistance pursuant to this subsection, the maximum monthly rent of a dwelling unit that is an assisted living facility or service-enriched housing with respect to which assistance payments are made shall not include charges attributable to services relating to assisted living.

For purposes of this section—

(1) the term “assisted living facility” has the meaning given such term in section 1715w(b) of this title;

(2) the term “service-enriched housing” means housing that—

(A) makes available through licensed or certified third party service providers supportive services to assist the residents in carrying out activities of daily living, such as bathing, dressing, eating, getting in and out of bed or chairs, walking, going outdoors, using the toilet, laundry, home management, preparing meals, shopping for personal items, obtaining and taking medication, managing money, using the telephone, or performing light or heavy housework, and which may make available to residents home health care services, such as nursing and therapy;

(B) includes the position of service coordinator, which may be funded as an operating expense of the property;

(C) provides separate dwelling units for residents, each of which contains a full kitchen and bathroom and which includes common rooms and other facilities appropriate for the provision of supportive services to the residents of the housing; and

(D) provides residents with control over health care and supportive services decisions, including the right to accept, decline, or choose such services, and to have the choice of provider; and

(3) the definitions in section 1701(q)(k) 2 of this title shall apply.

There is authorized to be appropriated for providing grants under this section such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2000.

(Pub. L. 86–372, title II, §202b, as added and amended Pub. L. 106–74, title V, §§522, 523(b), Oct. 20, 1999, 113 Stat. 1103, 1105; Pub. L. 111–372, title III, §301, Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4082.)

Section 1701(q)(k) of this title, referred to in subsec. (g)(3), probably should be a reference to section 202(k) of this Act, which is classified to section 1701q(k) of this title.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing Act of 1959, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**2011**—Pub. L. 111–372, §301(a), inserted “and other purposes” after “assisted living facilities” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 111–372, §301(b), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted heading, and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 111–372, §301(c), inserted “for either an assisted living facility or service-enriched housing” after “activities”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–372, §301(d), amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Secretary may not make a grant under this section for conversion activities unless the application contains sufficient evidence, in the determination of the Secretary, of firm commitments for the funding of services to be provided in the assisted living facility, which may be provided by third parties.”

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 111–372, §301(e)(1), inserted “or service-enriched housing” after “facilities” and “service-enriched housing” after “facility”.

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 111–372, §301(e)(2), inserted “or service-enriched housing” after “facility”.

Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 111–372, §301(e)(3), inserted “or service-enriched housing” after “facility”.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 111–372, §301(f)(1), inserted “or service-enriched housing” after “facilities” in two places.

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 111–372, §301(f)(2), inserted “or service-enriched housing” after “facility”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 111–372, §301(g), amended subsec. (g) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (g) related to definitions for purposes of this section.

**1999**—Subsecs. (f) to (h). Pub. L. 106–74 added subsec. (f) and redesignated former subsecs. (f) and (g) as (g) and (h), respectively.

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by “or”.

2 See References in Text note below.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for this fiscal year and every fiscal year thereafter, funds appropriated for housing for the elderly, as authorized by section 1701q of this title, as amended, and for supportive housing for persons with disabilities, as authorized by section 8013 of title 42, shall be available for the cost of maintaining and disposing of such properties that are acquired or otherwise become the responsibility of the Department.

(Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title III, §313, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2463.)

Section was enacted as part of the Transportation, Treasury, Housing and Urban Development, the Judiciary, the District of Columbia, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006, and also as part of the Transportation, Treasury, Housing and Urban Development, the Judiciary, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006, and the Department of Housing and Urban Development Appropriations Act, 2006, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Provisions similar to this section were contained in the following prior appropriations acts:

Pub. L. 108–447, div. I, title II, §213, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3318.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. G, title II, §221, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 398.

The Congress finds that there is a large and growing need for suitable housing for older people both in urban and rural areas. Our older citizens face special problems in meeting their housing needs because of the prevalence of modest and limited incomes among the elderly, their difficulty in obtaining liberal long-term home mortgage credit, and their need for housing planned and designed to include features necessary to the safety and convenience of the occupants in a suitable neighborhood environment. The Congress further finds that the present programs for housing the elderly under the Department of Housing and Urban Development have proven the value of Federal credit assistance in this field and at the same time demonstrated the urgent need for an expanded and more comprehensive effort to meet our responsibilities to our senior citizens.

(Pub. L. 87–723, §2, Sept. 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 670; Pub. L. 90–19, §19, May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 25.)

Section was enacted as part of the Senior Citizens Housing Act of 1962, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Department of Housing and Urban Development” for “Housing and Home Finance Agency” in second sentence.

No owner or manager of any federally assisted rental housing for the elderly or handicapped may—

(1) as a condition of tenancy or otherwise, prohibit or prevent any tenant in such housing from owning common household pets or having common household pets living in the dwelling accommodations of such tenant in such housing; or

(2) restrict or discriminate against any person in connection with admission to, or continued occupancy of, such housing by reason of the ownership of such pets by, or the presence of such pets in the dwelling accommodations of, such person.

(1) Not later than the expiration of the twelve-month period following November 30, 1983, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and the Secretary of Agriculture shall each issue such regulations as may be necessary to ensure (A) compliance with the provisions of subsection (a) of this section with respect to any program of assistance referred to in subsection (d) of this section that is administered by such Secretary; and (B) attaining the goal of providing decent, safe, and sanitary housing for the elderly or handicapped.

(2) Such regulations shall establish guidelines under which the owner or manager of any federally assisted rental housing for the elderly or handicapped (A) may prescribe reasonable rules for the keeping of pets by tenants in such housing; and (B) shall consult with the tenants of such housing in prescribing such rules. Such rules may consider factors such as density of tenants, pet size, types of pets, potential financial obligations of tenants, and standards of pet care.

Nothing in this section may be construed to prohibit any owner or manager of federally assisted rental housing for the elderly or handicapped, or any local housing authority or other appropriate authority of the community where such housing is located, from requiring the removal from any such housing of any pet whose conduct or condition is duly determined to constitute a nuisance or a threat to the health or safety of the other occupants of such housing or of other persons in the community where such housing is located.

For purposes of this section, the term “federally assisted rental housing for the elderly or handicapped” means any rental housing project that—

(1) is assisted under section 1701q of this title; or

(2) is assisted under the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437 et seq.], the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], or title V of the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1471 et seq.], and is designated for occupancy by elderly or handicapped families, as such term is defined in section 1701q(d)(4) 1 of this title.

(Pub. L. 98–181, title II, §227, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1195.)

The United States Housing Act of 1937, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), is act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 896, as revised generally by Pub. L. 93–383, title II, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 653, which is classified generally to chapter 8 (§1437 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1437 of Title 42 and Tables.

The National Housing Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), is act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, as amended, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1701 of this title and Tables.

The Housing Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), is act July 15, 1949, ch. 338, 63 Stat. 413, as amended. Title V of the Housing Act of 1949 is classified generally to subchapter III (§1471 et seq.) of chapter 8A of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1441 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section 1701q of this title, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), was amended generally by Pub. L. 101–625, title VIII, §801(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4297, and, as so amended, no longer contains a subsec. (d)(4) or a definition of the term “elderly or handicapped families”.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban–Rural Recovery Act of 1983 and also as part of the Domestic Housing and International Recovery and Financial Stability Act, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

1 See References in Text note below.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (hereinafter referred to as the “Secretary”) is authorized to make, and contract to make, annual payments to a “housing owner” on behalf of “qualified tenants”, as those terms are defined herein, in such amounts and under such circumstances as are prescribed in or pursuant to this section. In no case shall a contract provide for such payments with respect to any housing for a period exceeding forty years. The aggregate amount of the contracts to make such payments shall not exceed amounts approved in appropriation Acts, and payments pursuant to such contracts shall not exceed $150,000,000 per annum prior to July 1, 1969, which maximum dollar amount shall be increased by $40,000,000, on July 1, 1969, by $100,000,000 on July 1, 1970, and by $40,000,000 on July 1, 1971.

As used in this section, the term “housing owner” means a private nonprofit corporation or other private nonprofit legal entity, a limited dividend corporation or other limited dividend legal entity, or a cooperative housing corporation, which is a mortgagor under section 221(d)(3) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715*l*(d)(3)] and which, after August 10, 1965, has been approved for mortgage insurance thereunder and has been approved for receiving the benefits of this section: *Provided*, That, except as provided in subsection (j) of this section, no payments under this section may be made with respect to any property financed with a mortgage receiving the benefits of the interest rate provided for in the proviso in section 221(d)(5) of that Act [12 U.S.C. 1715*l*(d)(5)]. Such term also includes a private nonprofit corporation or other private nonprofit legal entity, a limited dividend corporation or other limited dividend legal entity, or a cooperative housing corporation, which is the owner of a rental or cooperative housing project financed under a State or local program providing assistance through loans, loan insurance, or tax abatement and which may involve either new or existing construction and which is approved for receiving the benefits of this section. Subject to the limitations provided in subsection (j) of this section, the term “housing owner” also has the meaning prescribed in such subsection. Nothing in this section shall be construed as preventing payments to a housing owner with respect to projects in which all or part of the dwelling units do not contain kitchen facilities; but of the total amount of contracts to make annual payments approved in appropriation Acts pursuant to subsection (a) of this section after December 31, 1970, not more than 10 per centum in the aggregate shall be made with respect to such projects.

As used in this section, the term—

(1) “qualified tenant” means any individual or family having an income which would qualify such individual or family for assistance under section 1437f of title 42, except that such term shall also include any individual or family who was receiving assistance under this section on the day preceding December 21, 1979, so long as such individual or family continues to meet the conditions for such assistance which were in effect on such day; and

(2) “income” means income from all sources of each member of the household, as determined in accordance with criteria prescribed by the Secretary. In determining amounts to be excluded from income, the Secretary may, in the Secretary's discretion, take into account the number of minor children in the household and such other factors as the Secretary may determine are appropriate.

The terms “qualified tenant” and “tenant” include a member of a cooperative who satisfies the foregoing requirements and who, upon resale of his membership to the cooperative, will not be reimbursed for any equity increment accumulated through payments under this section. With respect to members of a cooperative, the terms “rental” and “rental charges” mean the charges under the occupancy agreements between such members and the cooperative.

The amount of the annual payment with respect to any dwelling unit shall be the lesser of (1) 70 per centum of the fair market rent, or (2) the amount by which the fair market rental for such unit exceeds 30 per centum of the tenant's adjusted income.

(1) For purposes of carrying out the provisions of this section, the Secretary shall establish criteria and procedures for determining the eligibility of occupants and rental charges, including criteria and procedures with respect to periodic review of tenant incomes and periodic adjustment of rental charges.

(2) Procedures adopted by the Secretary hereunder shall provide for recertifications of the incomes of occupants no less frequently than annually for the purpose of adjusting rental charges and annual payments on the basis of occupants’ incomes, but in no event shall rental charges adjusted under this section for any dwelling exceed the fair market rental of the dwelling.

(3) The Secretary may enter into agreements, or authorize housing owners to enter into agreements, with public or private agencies for services required in the selection of qualified tenants, including those who may be approved, on the basis of the probability of future increases in their incomes, as lessees under an option to purchase (which will give such approved qualified tenants an exclusive right to purchase at a price established or determined as provided in the option) dwellings, and in the establishment of rentals. The Secretary is authorized (without limiting his authority under any other provision of law) to delegate to any such public or private agency his authority to issue certificates pursuant to this subsection.

(4) No payments under this section may be made with respect to any property for which the costs of operation (including wages and salaries) are determined by the Secretary to be greater than similar costs of operation of similar housing in the community where the property is situated.

The Secretary is authorized to make such rules and regulations, to enter into such agreements, and to adopt such procedures as he may deem necessary or desirable to carry out the provisions of this section. Nothing contained in this section shall affect the authority of the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development with respect to any housing assisted under this section, section 221(d)(3), section 231(c)(3), or section 236 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715*l*(d)(3), 1715v(c)(3), 1715z–1], or section 1701q of this title, including the authority to prescribe occupancy requirements under other provisions of law or to determine the portion of such housing which may be occupied by qualified tenants. To ensure that qualified tenants occupying that number of units with respect to which assistance was being provided under this section immediately prior to November 30, 1983, receive the benefit of assistance contracted for under this section, the Secretary shall offer annually to amend contracts entered into with owners of projects assisted under this section but not subject to mortgages insured under title II of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1707 et seq.] to provide sufficient payments to cover 100 percent of the necessary rent increases and changes in the incomes of qualified tenants, subject to the availability of authority for such purpose under section 1437c(c) of title 42. The Secretary shall take such actions as may be necessary to ensure that payments, including payments that reflect necessary rent increases and changes in the incomes of tenants, are made on a timely basis for all units covered by contracts entered into under this section.

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section, including, but not limited to, such sums as may be necessary to make annual payments as prescribed in this section, pay for services provided under (or pursuant to agreements entered into under) subsection (e) of this section, and provide administrative expenses.

(1) For the purpose of assisting housing under this section on an experimental basis, subject to the limitations of this subsection, the term “housing owner” (in addition to the meaning prescribed in subsection (b) of this section) includes—

(A) a private nonprofit corporation or other private nonprofit legal entity, a limited dividend corporation or other limited dividend legal entity, or a cooperative housing corporation, which is a mortgagor under a mortgage which receives the benefits of the interest rate provided for in the proviso in section 221(d)(5) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715*l*(d)(5)] and which, after August 10, 1965, has been approved for mortgage insurance under section 221(d)(3) of the National Housing Act and has been approved for receiving the benefits of this section;

(B) a private nonprofit corporation or other private nonprofit legal entity which is a mortgagor under a mortgage insured under section 231(c)(3) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715v(c)(3)] and which, after August 10, 1965, has obtained final endorsement of such mortgage for mortgage insurance and has been approved for receiving the benefits of this section;

(C) a private nonprofit corporation, a public body or agency, or a cooperative housing corporation, which is a borrower under section 1701q of this title and has been approved for receiving the benefits of this section: *Provided*, That, with respect to properties financed with loans under such section made on or before August 10, 1965, payments shall not be made with respect to more than 20 per centum of the dwelling units in any property so financed; and

(D) a private nonprofit corporation or other private nonprofit legal entity, a limited dividend corporation or other limited dividend legal entity, or a cooperative housing corporation, which is assisted under section 236 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715z–1] and which has been approved for receiving the benefits of this section: *Provided*, That payments shall not be made with respect to more than 20 per centum of the dwelling units in any property so financed, except that the foregoing limitation may be increased to 40 per centum of the dwelling units in any such property if the Secretary determines that such increase is necessary and desirable in order to provide additional housing for individuals and families meeting the requirements of subsection (c) of this section.

(2) Of the amounts approved in appropriation Acts pursuant to subsection (a) of this section for payments under this section in any year, not more than 5 per centum in the aggregate shall be paid with respect to properties of housing owners as defined in paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection, and not more than 5 per centum in the aggregate shall be paid with respect to properties of housing owners as defined in paragraphs (1)(B) and (1)(C) of this subsection.

Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section and any other provision of law, the Secretary may utilize additional authority under section 1437c(c) of title 42 made available by appropriation Acts on or after October 1, 1979, to supplement assistance authority available under this section. The Secretary shall utilize, to the extent necessary after September 30, 1984, any authority under this section that is recaptured either as the result of the conversion of housing projects covered by assistance under this section to contracts for assistance under section 1437f of title 42 or otherwise (1) for the purpose of making assistance payments, including amendments as provided in subsection (g) of this section, with respect to housing projects assisted under this section, but not subject to mortgages insured under the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], that remain covered by assistance under this section; and (2) if not required to provide assistance under this section, and notwithstanding any other provision of law, for the purpose of contracting for assistance payments under section 236(f)(2) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715z–1(f)(2)].

The Secretary shall, not later than 45 days after receipt of an application by the mortgagee, provide interest reduction and rental assistance payments for the benefit of projects assisted under this section whose mortgages were made by State or local housing finance agencies or State or local government agencies for a term equal to the remaining mortgage term to maturity on projects assisted under this section to the extent of—

(1) unexpended balances of amounts of authority as set forth in certain letter agreements between the Department of Housing and Urban Development and such State or local housing finance agencies or State or local government agencies, and

(2) existing allocation under section 236 contracts on projects whose mortgages were made by State or local housing finance agencies or State or local government agencies which are not being funded, to the extent of such excess allocation, for any purposes permitted under the provisions of this section.

An application shall be eligible for assistance under the previous sentence only if the mortgagee submits the application within 548 days after February 5, 1988, along with a certification of the mortgagee that amounts are to be utilized hereunder for the purpose of either (A) reducing rents or rent increases to tenants, or (B) making repairs or otherwise increasing the economic viability of a related project. Unexpended balances referred to in the first sentence of this subsection which remain after disposition of all such applications is favorably concluded shall be rescinded. The authority conferred by this subsection to provide interest reduction and rental assistance payments shall be available only to the extent approved in appropriation Acts.

(Pub. L. 89–117, title I, §101, Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 451; Pub. L. 90–19, §22(a), (c), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 26; Pub. L. 90–448, title II, §§201(e), 202, title XI, §1106(b), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 502, 503, 567; Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §112, Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 383; Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §§103, 114[115](c), 118(b), 120(a), (b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1771, 1774, 1775; Pub. L. 96–153, title II, §203(a), Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1106; Pub. L. 96–399, Oct. 8, 1980, title II, §205, 94 Stat. 1630; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §§322(g), 327, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 403, 407; Pub. L. 98–181, title II, §§203(b)(3), 219, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1178, 1187; Pub. L. 98–479, title I, §102(d), title II, §204(e), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2222, 2233; Pub. L. 100–242, title I, §§167(a)(2), 168, 170(h), title IV, §430(b), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1864, 1867, 1920; Pub. L. 104–99, title IV, §402(d)(5), Jan. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 42; Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §514(d), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2548.)

The National Housing Act, referred to in subsecs. (g) and (*l*), is act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, as amended which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). Title II of the National Housing Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§1707 et seq.) of this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1701 of this title and Tables.

Section 236 contracts, referred to in subsec. (m)(2), refer to contracts under section 1715z–1 of this title.

Subsecs. (f) and (i) of this section amended sections 1451(c) and 1465(c)(2) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1998**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 105–276, which directed the repeal of subsec. (k) of section 1010 of Pub. L. 89–117, was executed by striking out subsec. (k) of this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. For text, see 1996 Amendment note below.

**1996**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 104–99 temporarily substituted “[Reserved.]” for the text of subsec. (k), which read as follows: “In selecting individuals or families to be assisted under this section in accordance with the eligibility criteria and procedures established under subsection (e)(1) of this section, the project owner shall give preference to individuals or families who are occupying substandard housing, are paying more than 50 percent of family income for rent, or are involuntarily displaced at the time they are seeking housing assistance under this section.” See Effective and Termination Dates of 1996 Amendment note below.

**1988**—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 100–242, §168(1), struck out provisions authorizing the Secretary to issue, upon the request of a housing owner, certificates of facts concerning individuals and families applying for admission to, or residing in, dwellings of such owner.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100–242, §167(a)(2), substituted “100 percent” for “90 per centum”.

Subsec. (j)(1)(D). Pub. L. 100–242, §170(h), made amendment identical to Pub. L. 98–479, §204(e). See 1984 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 100–242, §168(2), amended subsec. (k) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (k) read as follows: “In making assistance available under this section, the Secretary shall give priority to individuals or families who are occupying substandard housing or are involuntarily displaced at the time they are seeking housing assistance under this section.”

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 100–242, §430(b), added subsec. (m).

**1984**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 98–479, §102(d), struck out “up to” before “90 per centum” in next to last sentence.

Subsec. (j)(1)(D). Pub. L. 98–479, §204(e), substituted “dividend” for “divided” before “legal entity”.

**1983**—Subsec. (e)(1)(B). Pub. L. 98–181, §203(b)(3), inserted “, was paying more than 50 per centum of family income for rent,”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 98–181, §219(a), inserted provision relating to the offer annually to amend contracts to ensure that qualified tenants receive the benefit of assistance contracted for under this section.

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 98–181, §219(b), inserted provision relating to the utilization by the Secretary of any authority under this section that is recaptured.

**1981**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 97–35, §322(g)(1), substituted provisions defining “income” as income from all sources of each member and criteria for exclusions, for provisions defining “income” as determined under section 1437f of title 42.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–35, §§322(g)(2), 327(b), substituted provisions relating to determination of annual payment amount, for provisions relating to determination of maximum amount of annual payment.

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 97–35, §322(g)(3), substituted provisions relating to annual recertifications, for provisions relating to the elderly and recertifications at intervals of two years or shorter.

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 97–35, §327(a), substituted provisions relating to additional available assistance authority, for provisions relating to amendment of contracts.

**1980**—Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 96–399 substituted “shall, not later than 4 years after October 8, 1980,” for “may” in first sentence; inserted second sentence relating to amending of contracts; and substituted “the first sentence of this paragraph” for “preceding” in last sentence.

**1979**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–153, §203(a)(l), revised definition of “qualified tenant” and inserted definition of “income”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–153, §203(a)(2), struck out provisions that in determining the income of tenants, an amount equal to $300 for each minor person shall be deducted and that the earnings of minor persons shall not be included in the income of the tenant, and inserted provisions relating to the determination of amount of payments under contracts amended pursuant to subsec. (j) of this section by reference to section 1437f of title 42.

Subsec. (e)(1)(B). Pub. L. 96–153, §203(a)(3), substituted “occupying substandard housing or was involuntarily displaced at the time it was seeking assistance under this section” for “displaced by governmental action, is elderly, is physically handicapped, or is (or was) occupying substandard housing or housing extensively damaged or destroyed as the result of a natural disaster”.

Subsecs. (k), (*l*). Pub. L. 96–153, §203(a)(4), added subsecs. (k) and (*l*).

**1970**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–609, §103, increased maximum amount of payments by $40,000,000 on July 1, 1971.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–609, §§114[115](c), 118(b), authorized payments to housing owners with respect to projects with dwelling units without kitchen facilities and provided for percentage limitation on payments to housing owner, and substituted “which may involve either new or existing construction and which” for “which prior to completion of construction or rehabilitation” before “is approved”, respectively.

Subsec. (c)(2)(F). Pub. L. 91–609, §120(a), added par. (F).

Subsec. (e)(1)(B). Pub. L. 91–609, §120(b), provided for issuance of certificates with respect to whether the individual or family is a member of the Armed Forces of the United States serving on active duty.

**1969**—Subsec. (j)(1)(D). Pub. L. 91–152 inserted exception which authorized the Secretary to increase payments to 40 per centum of the dwelling units under the specified conditions.

**1968**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–448, §202(a), increased maximum amount of payments by $40,000,000 on July 1, 1969, and by $100,000,000 on July 1, 1970.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–448, §202(b), included within definition of “housing owner” a private nonprofit corporation or other private nonprofit legal entity, a limited dividend corporation or other limited dividended legal entity, or a cooperative housing corporation, which is the owner of a rental or cooperative housing project financed under a State or local program.

Subsec. (c)(2)(E). Pub. L. 90–448, §1106(b), substituted “affected by a disaster” for “affected by a natural disaster”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–448, §201(e)(1), inserted provisions authorizing, in determining the income of any tenant, a deduction of an amount equal to $300 for each minor person who is a member of the immediate family of the tenant and living with the tenant, and directing that the earnings of any such minor shall not be included in the income of such tenant.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 90–448, §201(e)(2), inserted reference to section 1715z–1 of this title.

Subsec. (j)(1)(D). Pub. L. 90–448, §201(e)(3), inserted subpar. (D).

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19, §22(a), substituted “Secretary” for “Administrator” wherever appearing in subsecs. (c), (d), (e), and (g).

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–19, §22(c)(1), substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Secretary’)” for “Housing and Home Finance Administrator (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Administrator’)”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 90–19, §22(c)(2), consolidated in the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development the authorities of the Federal Housing Commissioner and the Housing and Home Finance Administrator with respect to housing assisted under sections 1715*l*(d)(3) and 1715v(c)(3), and section 1701q of this title, respectively.

Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §514(g), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2549, provided that: “This section [amending this section, sections 1701z–11 and 4116 of this title, and sections 1437d, 1437f, 12899d, and 13615 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1437a and 1437f of Title 42, and repealing provisions set out as notes under sections 1437d and 1437f of Title 42] shall take effect on, and the amendments made by this section are made on, and shall apply beginning upon, the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998].”

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–99 effective Jan. 26, 1996, and only for fiscal years 1996, 1997, and 1998, and to cease to be effective Oct. 21, 1998, see section 402(f) of Pub. L. 104–99, as amended, and section 514(f) of Pub. L. 105–276, set out as notes under section 1437a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

Section 203(c) of Pub. L. 96–153 providing for the effective date of amendment of this section and section 1715z–1 of this title as Dec. 21, 1979, and setting forth maximum applicable tenant contribution, was repealed by Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §§322(h)(2), 371, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 404, 431, eff. Oct. 1, 1981.

Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title III, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2453, provided in part: “That amendments to such contracts [under this section and section 1715z–1(f)(2) of this title in State-aided, non-insured rental housing projects] hereafter may be for a period less than the term of the respective contracts.”

Assistance provided for in Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, National Housing Act, United States Housing Act of 1937, Housing Act of 1949, Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966, and Housing and Urban Development Acts of 1965, 1968, 1969, and 1970 [see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of this title], not to be withheld or made subject to conditions by reason of tax-exempt status of obligations issued or to be issued for financing of assistance, except as otherwise provided by law, see section 817 of Pub. L. 93–383, set out as a note under section 5301 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

The Congress affirms the national goal, as set forth in section 1441 of title 42, of “a decent home and a suitable living environment for every American family”.

The Congress finds that this goal has not been fully realized for many of the Nation's lower income families; that this is a matter of grave national concern; and that there exist in the public and private sectors of the economy the resources and capabilities necessary to the full realization of this goal.

The Congress declares that in the administration of those housing programs authorized by this Act which are designed to assist families with incomes so low that they could not otherwise decently house themselves, and of other Government programs designed to assist in the provision of housing for such families, the highest priority and emphasis should be given to meeting the housing needs of those families for which the national goal has not become a reality; and in the carrying out of such programs there should be the fullest practicable utilization of the resources and capabilities of private enterprise and of individual self-help techniques.

(Pub. L. 90–448, §2, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 476.)

This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 90–448, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 476, as amended, known as the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1968 Amendments note set out under section 1701 of this title and Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Assistance provided for in Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, National Housing Act, United States Housing Act of 1937, Housing Act of 1949, Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966, and Housing and Urban Development Acts of 1965, 1968, [see Short Title notes set out under section 1701 of this title], 1969, and 1970 not to be withheld or made subject to conditions by reason of tax-exempt status of obligations issued or to be issued for financing of assistance, except as otherwise provided by law, see section 817 of Pub. L. 93–383, set out as a note under section 5301 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Section 110 of Pub. L. 90–448 established the National Advisory Commission on Low Income Housing; provided for the appointment of members and the filling of vacancies; fixed the quorum number and the number necessary to conduct hearings; provided that the Commission study ways of bringing safe and sanitary housing to low income families, utilize services of private research organizations, and coordinate its investigation with the Banking and Currency Committees of the Senate and House; required that an interim report be submitted by July 1, 1969 and a final report by July 1, 1970; authorized the Commission or a subcommittee to hold hearings and to administer oaths and affirmations; directed executive branch departments, agencies, and instrumentalities to furnish information requested by the Commission; empowered the chairman, without regard to the provisions of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, governing appointments in the competitive service and relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates, to appoint and pay personnel as he deemed necessary and to procure temporary services, as is authorized by section 3109 of title 5, at rates up to $50 a day for individuals; provided that members appointed from the executive or legislative branch serve without compensation in addition to that received in their regular employment but be reimbursed for travel, subsistence, and necessary expenses incurred while performing duties for the Commission and that members other than those appointed from the executive or legislative branches be paid $75 a day plus travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses while acting as members of the Commission; and directed that the Commission cease to exist 30 days after its final report.

The Congress finds that—

(1) Federal housing and community development programs provide State and local governments and other recipients of Federal financial assistance with substantial funds for projects and activities that produce significant employment and other economic opportunities;

(2) low- and very low-income persons, especially recipients of government assistance for housing, often have restricted access to employment and other economic opportunities;

(3) the employment and other economic opportunities generated by projects and activities that receive Federal housing and community development assistance offer an effective means of empowering low- and very low-income persons, particularly persons who are recipients of government assistance for housing; and

(4) prior Federal efforts to direct employment and other economic opportunities generated by Federal housing and community development programs to low- and very low-income persons have not been fully effective and should be intensified.

It is the policy of the Congress and the purpose of this section to ensure that the employment and other economic opportunities generated by Federal financial assistance for housing and community development programs shall, to the greatest extent feasible, be directed toward low- and very low-income persons, particularly those who are recipients of government assistance for housing.

The Secretary shall require that public and Indian housing agencies, and their contractors and subcontractors, make their best efforts, consistent with existing Federal, State, and local laws and regulations, to give to low- and very low-income persons the training and employment opportunities generated by development assistance provided pursuant to section 1437c of title 42, operating assistance provided pursuant to section 1437g of title 42, and modernization grants provided pursuant to section 1437*l* of title 42.1

The efforts required under subparagraph (A) shall be directed in the following order of priority:

(i) To residents of the housing developments for which the assistance is expended.

(ii) To residents of other developments managed by the public or Indian housing agency that is expending the assistance.

(iii) To participants in YouthBuild programs receiving assistance under section 2918a of title 29.

(iv) To other low- and very low-income persons residing within the metropolitan area (or nonmetropolitan county) in which the assistance is expended.

In other programs that provide housing and community development assistance, the Secretary shall ensure that, to the greatest extent feasible, and consistent with existing Federal, State, and local laws and regulations, opportunities for training and employment arising in connection with a housing rehabilitation (including reduction and abatement of lead-based paint hazards), housing construction, or other public construction project are given to low- and very low-income persons residing within the metropolitan area (or nonmetropolitan county) in which the project is located.

Where feasible, priority should be given to low- and very low-income persons residing within the service area of the project or the neighborhood in which the project is located and to participants in YouthBuild programs receiving assistance under section 2918a of title 29.

The Secretary shall require that public and Indian housing agencies, and their contractors and subcontractors, make their best efforts, consistent with existing Federal, State, and local laws and regulations, to award contracts for work to be performed in connection with development assistance provided pursuant to section 1437c of title 42, operating assistance provided pursuant to section 1437g of title 42, and modernization grants provided pursuant to section 1437*l* of title 42,1 to business concerns that provide economic opportunities for low- and very low-income persons.

The efforts required under subparagraph (A) shall be directed in the following order of priority:

(i) To business concerns that provide economic opportunities for residents of the housing development for which the assistance is provided.

(ii) To business concerns that provide economic opportunities for residents of other housing developments operated by the public and Indian housing agency that is providing the assistance.

(iii) To YouthBuild programs receiving assistance under section 2918a of title 29.

(iv) To business concerns that provide economic opportunities for low- and very low-income persons residing within the metropolitan area (or nonmetropolitan county) in which the assistance is provided.

In providing housing and community development assistance pursuant to other programs, the Secretary shall ensure that, to the greatest extent feasible, and consistent with existing Federal, State, and local laws and regulations, contracts awarded for work to be performed in connection with a housing rehabilitation (including reduction and abatement of lead-based paint hazards), housing construction, or other public construction project are given to business concerns that provide economic opportunities for low- and very low-income persons residing within the metropolitan area (or nonmetropolitan county) in which the assistance is expended.

Where feasible, priority should be given to business concerns which provide economic opportunities for low- and very low-income persons residing within the service area of the project or the neighborhood in which the project is located and to YouthBuild programs receiving assistance under section 2918a of title 29.

For the purposes of this section the following definitions shall apply:

The terms “low-income persons” and “very low-income persons” have the same meanings given the terms “low-income families” and “very low-income families”, respectively, in section 1437a(b)(2) of title 42.

The term “a business concern that provides economic opportunities” means a business concern that—

(A) provides economic opportunities for a class of persons that has a majority controlling interest in the business;

(B) employs a substantial number of such persons; or

(C) meets such other criteria as the Secretary may establish.

The Secretary shall consult with the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary of Commerce, the Administrator of the Small Business Administration, and such other Federal agencies as the Secretary determines are necessary to carry out this section.

Not later than 180 days after October 28, 1992, the Secretary shall promulgate regulations to implement this section.

(Pub. L. 90–448, §3, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 476; Pub. L. 91–152, title IV, §404, Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 395; Pub. L. 93–383, title I, §118, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 653; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §329, Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1651; Pub. L. 102–550, title IX, §915, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3878; Pub. L. 109–281, §2(d)(1), Sept. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 1181.)

Section 1437*l* of title 42, referred to in subsecs. (c)(1)(A) and (d)(1)(A), was repealed by Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §522(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2564.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

October 28, 1992, referred to in subsec. (g), was in the original “the date of enactment of the National Affordable Housing Act Amendments of 1992”, and was translated as meaning the date of enactment of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992, Pub. L. 102–550, which amended this section generally, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**2006**—Subsecs. (c)(1)(B)(iii), (2)(B), (d)(1)(B)(iii), (2)(B). Pub. L. 109–281 substituted “YouthBuild programs receiving assistance under section 2918a of title 29” for “Youthbuild programs receiving assistance under subtitle D of title IV of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act”.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–550 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: “In the administration by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development of programs providing direct financial assistance, including community development block grants under title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, in aid of housing, urban planning, development, redevelopment, or renewal, public or community facilities, and new community development, the Secretary shall—

“(1) require, in consultation with the Secretary of Labor, that to the greatest extent feasible opportunities for training and employment arising in connection with the planning and carrying out of any project assisted under any such program be given to lower income persons residing within the unit of local government or the metropolitan area (or nonmetropolitan county), as determined by the Secretary, in which the project is located; and

“(2) require, in consultation with the Administrator of the Small Business Administration, that to the greatest extent feasible contracts for work to be performed in connection with any such project be awarded to business concerns, including but not limited to individuals or firms doing business in the field of planning, consulting, design, architecture, building construction, rehabilitation, maintenance or repair, which are located in or owned in substantial part by persons residing in the same metropolitan area (or nonmetropolitan county) as the project.”

**1980**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 96–399, §329(1), substituted “residing within the unit of local government or the metropolitan area (or nonmetropolitan county), as determined by the Secretary, in which the project is located” for “residing in the area of such project”.

Par. (2). Pub. L. 96–399, §329(2), substituted “residing in the same metropolitan area (or nonmetropolitan county) as the project” for “residing in the area of such project”.

**1974**—Pub. L. 93–383 inserted reference to community development block grants under title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974.

**1969**—Pub. L. 91–152 substituted provisions making applicable programs providing direct financial assistance in aid of housing, urban planning, development, redevelopment, or renewal, public or community facilities, and new community development, for provisions making applicable programs authorized by sections 1715*l*(d)(3), 1715z, and 1715z–1 of this title, the low-rent public housing program under the United States Housing Act of 1937, and the rent supplement program under section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965.

Pub. L. 109–281, §2(f), Sept. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 1182, provided that: “This section [enacting section 2918a of Title 29, Labor, amending this section, section 4183 of Title 25, Indians, section 2939 of Title 29, and section 12870 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and repealing sections 12899 to 12899i of Title 42] and the amendments made by this section take effect on the earlier of—

“(1) the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 22, 2006]; and

“(2) September 30, 2006.”

Section 916 of Pub. L. 102–550 provided that:

“(a)

“(1) the Secretary's efforts to enforce section 3 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 [12 U.S.C. 1701u];

“(2) the barriers to full implementation of section 3 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968;

“(3) the anticipated costs and benefits of full implementation of section 3 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968; and

“(4) recommendations for legislative changes to enhance the effectiveness of section 3 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968.

“(b)

“(1)

“(A) a discussion of how responsibility for implementing section 3 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 [12 U.S.C. 1701u] is allocated within the Department of Housing and Urban Development;

“(B) a discussion of the status of existing regulations implementing such section 3;

“(C) a discussion of ongoing efforts to enforce current regulations;

“(D) a list of the programs under the responsibility of the Secretary with respect to which the Secretary is enforcing section 3; and

“(E) a separate description of the activities carried out under section 3 with respect to each of these programs.

“(2)

“(A) any lack of necessary training for targeted employees and technical assistance to targeted businesses;

“(B) any barriers created by Federal, State, or local procurement regulations or other laws;

“(C) any difficulties in coordination with labor unions;

“(D) any difficulties in coordination with other implicated Federal agencies; and

“(E) any lack of resources on the part of recipients of assistance who are responsible for carrying out section 3 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968.

“(c)

1 See References in Text note below.

The Congress finds that Federal aids to housing have not contributed fully to improvement in architectural standards. This objective has been contemplated in Federal housing legislation since the establishment of mortgage insurance through the Federal Housing Administration.

The Congress commends the Department of Housing and Urban Development for its recent efforts to improve architectural standards through competitive design awards and in other ways but at the same time recognizes that this important objective requires high priority if Federal aid is to make its full communitywide contribution toward improving our urban environment.

The Congress further finds that even within the necessary budget limitations on housing for low and moderate income families architectural design could be improved not only to make the housing more attractive, but to make it better suited to the needs of occupants.

The Congress declares that in the administration of housing programs which assist in the provision of housing for low and moderate income families, emphasis should be given to encouraging good design as an essential component of such housing and to developing housing which will be of such quality as to reflect its important relationship to the architectural standards of the neighborhood and community in which it is situated, consistent with prudent budgeting.

(Pub. L. 90–448, §4, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 477.)

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development is authorized to provide, or contract with public or private organizations to provide, such budget, debt management, and related counseling services to mortgagors whose mortgages are insured under section 1715z(i) or (j)(4) of this title as he determines to be necessary to assist such mortgagors in meeting the responsibilities of homeownership. There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.

(Pub. L. 90–448, title I, §101(e), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 484.)

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

(1) The Secretary is authorized to provide, or contract with public or private organizations to provide, information, advice, and technical assistance, including but not limited to—

(i) the assembly, correlation, publication, and dissemination of information with respect to the construction, rehabilitation, and operation of low- and moderate-income housing;

(ii) the provision of advice and technical assistance to public bodies or to nonprofit or cooperative organizations with respect to the construction, rehabilitation, and operation of low- and moderate-income housing, including assistance with respect to self-help and mutual self-help programs;

(iii) counseling and advice to tenants and homeowners with respect to property maintenance, financial management, and such other matters as may be appropriate to assist them in improving their housing conditions and in meeting the responsibilities of tenancy or homeownership; and

(iv) the provision of technical assistance to communities, particularly smaller communities, to assist such communities in planning, developing, and administering Community Development Programs pursuant to title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 [42 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.].

(2) The Secretary (A) shall provide the services described in clause (iii) of paragraph (1) for homeowners assisted under section 235 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715z]; (B) shall, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, provide such services for borrowers who are first-time homebuyers with guaranteed loans under section 502(h) of the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1472(h)]; and (C) may provide such services for other owners of single family dwelling units insured under title II of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1707 et seq.] or guaranteed or insured under chapter 37 of title 38. For purposes of this paragraph and clause (iii) of paragraph (1), the Secretary may provide the services described in such clause directly or may enter into contracts with, make grants to, and provide other types of assistance to private or public organizations with special competence and knowledge in counseling low- and moderate-income families to provide such services.

(3) There is authorized to be appropriated for the purposes of this subsection, without fiscal year limitation, such sums as may be necessary; except that for such purposes there are authorized to be appropriated $6,025,000 for fiscal year 1993 and $6,278,050 for fiscal year 1994. Of the amounts appropriated for each of fiscal years 1993 and 1994, up to $500,000 shall be available for use for counseling and other activities in connection with the demonstration program under section 152 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992. Any amounts so appropriated shall remain available until expended.

(1) The Secretary is authorized to make loans to nonprofit organizations or public housing agencies for the necessary expenses, prior to construction, in planning, and obtaining financing for, the rehabilitation or construction of housing for low or moderate income families under section 235 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715z] or any other federally assisted program. Such loans shall be made without interest and shall not exceed 80 per centum of the reasonable costs expected to be incurred in planning, and in obtaining financing for, such housing prior to the availability of financing, including, but not limited to, preliminary surveys and analyses of market needs, preliminary site engineering and architectural fees, site acquisition, application and mortgage commitment fees, and construction loan fees and discounts. The Secretary shall require repayment of loans made under this subsection, under such terms and conditions as he may require, upon completion of the project or sooner, and may cancel any part or all of a loan if he determines that it cannot be recovered from the proceeds of any permanent loan made to finance the rehabilitation or construction of the housing.

(2) The Secretary shall determine prior to the making of any loan that the nonprofit organization or public housing agency meets such requirements with respect to financial responsibility and stability as he may prescribe.

(3) There are authorized to be appropriated for the purposes of this subsection not to exceed $7,500,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1969, and not to exceed $10,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970. Any amounts so appropriated shall remain available until expended, and any amounts authorized for any fiscal year under this paragraph but not appropriated may be appropriated for any succeeding fiscal year.

(4) All funds appropriated for the purposes of this subsection shall be deposited in a fund which shall be known as the Low and Moderate Income Sponsor Fund, and which shall be available without fiscal year limitation and be administered by the Secretary as a revolving fund for carrying out the purposes of this subsection. Sums received in repayment of loans made under this subsection shall be deposited in such fund.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may make grants—

(A) to nonprofit organizations experienced in the provision of homeownership counseling to enable the organizations to provide homeownership counseling to eligible homeowners; and

(B) to assist in the establishment of nonprofit homeownership counseling organizations.

(A) Applications for grants under this subsection shall be submitted in the form, and in accordance with the procedures, that the Secretary requires.

(B) The homeownership counseling organizations receiving assistance under this subsection shall use the assistance only to provide homeownership counseling to eligible homeowners.

(C) The homeownership counseling provided by homeownership counseling organizations receiving assistance under this subsection shall include counseling with respect to—

(i) financial management;

(ii) available community resources, including public assistance programs, mortgage assistance programs, home repair assistance programs, utility assistance programs, food programs, and social services; and

(iii) employment training and placement.

The Secretary shall take any action that is necessary—

(A) to ensure the availability throughout the United States of homeownership counseling from homeownership counseling organizations receiving assistance under this subsection, with priority to areas that—

(i) are experiencing high rates of home foreclosure and any other indicators of homeowner distress determined by the Secretary to be appropriate;

(ii) are not already adequately served by homeownership counseling organizations; and

(iii) have a high incidence of mortgages involving principal obligations (including such initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees as the Secretary shall approve) in excess of 97 percent of the appraised value of the properties that are insured pursuant to section 203 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1709]; and

(B) to inform the public of the availability of the homeownership counseling.

A homeowner shall be eligible for homeownership counseling under this subsection if—

(A) the home loan is secured by property that is the principal residence (as defined by the Secretary) of the homeowner;

(B) the home loan is not assisted under title V of the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1471 et seq.]; and

(C) the homeowner is, or is expected to be, unable to make payments, correct a home loan delinquency within a reasonable time, or resume full home loan payments due to a reduction in the income of the homeowner because of—

(i) an involuntary loss of, or reduction in, the employment of the homeowner, the self-employment of the homeowner, or income from the pursuit of the occupation of the homeowner;

(ii) any similar loss or reduction experienced by any person who contributes to the income of the homeowner;

(iii) a significant reduction in the income of the household due to divorce or death; or

(iv) a significant increase in basic expenses of the homeowner or an immediate family member of the homeowner (including the spouse, child, or parent for whom the homeowner provides substantial care or financial assistance) due to—

(I) an unexpected or significant increase in medical expenses;

(II) a divorce;

(III) unexpected and significant damage to the property, the repair of which will not be covered by private or public insurance; or

(IV) a large property-tax increase; or

(D) the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development determines that the annual income of the homeowner is no greater than the annual income established by the Secretary as being of low- or moderate-income.

Except as provided in subparagraph (C), the creditor of a loan (or proposed creditor) shall provide notice under clause (ii) to (I) any eligible homeowner who fails to pay any amount by the date the amount is due under a home loan, and (II) any applicant for a mortgage described in paragraph (4).

Notification under this subparagraph shall—

(I) notify the homeowner or mortgage applicant of the availability of any homeownership counseling offered by the creditor (or proposed creditor);

(II) if provided to an eligible mortgage applicant, state that completion of a counseling program is required for insurance pursuant to section 203 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1709];

(III) notify the homeowner or mortgage applicant of the availability of homeownership counseling provided by nonprofit organizations approved by the Secretary and experienced in the provision of homeownership counseling, or provide the toll-free telephone number described in subparagraph (D)(i); and

(IV) notify the homeowner by a statement or notice, written in plain English by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of the Treasury, explaining the mortgage and foreclosure rights of servicemembers, and the dependents of such servicemembers, under the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (50 U.S.C. App. 501 et seq.), including the toll-free military one source number to call if servicemembers, or the dependents of such servicemembers, require further assistance.

The notification required in subparagraph (A) shall be made—

(i) in a manner approved by the Secretary; and

(ii) before the expiration of the 45-day period beginning on the date on which the failure referred to in such subparagraph occurs.

Notification under subparagraph (A) shall not be required with respect to any loan for which the eligible homeowner pays the amount overdue before the expiration of the 45-day period under subparagraph (B)(ii).

The Secretary shall, to the extent of amounts approved in appropriation Acts, enter into an agreement with an appropriate private entity under which the entity will—

(i) operate a toll-free telephone number through which any eligible homeowner can obtain a list of nonprofit organizations, which shall be updated annually, that—

(I) are approved by the Secretary and experienced in the provision of homeownership counseling; and

(II) serve the area in which the residential property of the homeowner is located;

(ii) monitor the compliance of creditors with the requirements of subparagraphs (A) and (B); and

(iii) report to the Secretary not less than annually regarding the extent of compliance of creditors with the requirements of subparagraphs (A) and (B).

The Secretary shall submit a report to the Congress not less than annually regarding the extent of compliance of creditors with the requirements of subparagraphs (A) and (B) and the effectiveness of the entity monitoring such compliance. The Secretary shall also include in the report any recommendations for legislative action to increase the authority of the Secretary to penalize creditors who do not comply with such requirements.

For purposes of this subsection:

(A) The term “creditor” means a person or entity that is servicing a home loan on behalf of itself or another person or entity.

(B) The term “eligible homeowner” means a homeowner eligible for counseling under paragraph (4).

(C) The term “home loan” means a loan secured by a mortgage or lien on residential property.

(D) The term “homeowner” means a person who is obligated under a home loan.

(E) The term “residential property” means a 1-family residence, including a 1-family unit in a condominium project, a membership interest and occupancy agreement in a cooperative housing project, and a manufactured home and the lot on which the home is situated.

The Secretary shall issue any regulations that are necessary to carry out this subsection.

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $7,000,000 for fiscal year 1993 and $7,294,000 for fiscal year 1994, of which amounts $1,000,000 shall be available in each such fiscal year to carry out paragraph (5)(D). Any amount appropriated under this subsection shall remain available until expended.

The purpose of this subsection is—

(A) to reduce defaults and foreclosures on mortgage loans insured under the Federal Housing Administration single family mortgage insurance program;

(B) to encourage responsible and prudent use of such federally insured home mortgages;

(C) to assist homeowners with such federally insured mortgages to retain the homes they have purchased pursuant to such mortgages; and

(D) to encourage the availability and expansion of housing opportunities in connection with such federally insured home mortgages.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall carry out a program to demonstrate the effectiveness of providing coordinated prepurchase counseling and foreclosure-prevention counseling to first-time homebuyers and homeowners in avoiding defaults and foreclosures on mortgages insured under the Federal Housing Administration single family home mortgage insurance program.

Under the demonstration program under this subsection, the Secretary shall make grants to qualified nonprofit organizations under paragraph (4) to enable the organizations to provide prepurchase counseling services to eligible homebuyers and foreclosure-prevention counseling services to eligible homeowners, in counseling target areas.

The Secretary shall select nonprofit organizations to receive assistance under the demonstration program under this subsection based on the experience and ability of the organizations in providing homeownership counseling and their ability to provide community-based prepurchase and foreclosure-prevention counseling under paragraphs (5) and (6) in a counseling target area. To be eligible for selection under this paragraph, a nonprofit organization shall submit an application containing a proposal for providing counseling services in the form and manner required by the Secretary.

Under the demonstration program, the Secretary shall require any eligible homebuyer who intends to purchase a home located in a counseling target area and who has applied for (as determined by the Secretary) a qualified mortgage (as such term is defined in paragraph (9)) on such home that involves a downpayment of less than 10 percent of the principal obligation of the mortgage, to receive counseling prior to signing of a contract to purchase the home. The counseling shall include counseling with respect to—

(i) financial management and the responsibilities involved in homeownership;

(ii) fair housing laws and requirements;

(iii) the maximum mortgage amount that the homebuyer can afford; and

(iv) options, programs, and actions available to the homebuyer in the event of actual or potential delinquency or default.

A homebuyer shall be eligible for prepurchase counseling under this paragraph if—

(i) the homebuyer has applied for a qualified mortgage;

(ii) the homebuyer is a first-time homebuyer; and

(iii) the home to be purchased under the qualified mortgage is located in a counseling target area.

Under the demonstration program, the Secretary shall make counseling available for eligible homeowners who are 60 or more days delinquent with respect to a payment under a qualified mortgage on a home located within a counseling target area. The counseling shall include counseling with respect to options, programs, and actions available to the homeowner for resolving the delinquency or default.

Under the demonstration program, the Secretary shall require the creditor of any eligible homeowner who is delinquent (as described in subparagraph (A)) to send written notice by registered or certified mail within 5 days (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal public holidays) after the occurrence of such delinquency—

(i) notifying the homeowner of the delinquency and the name, address, and phone number of the counseling organization for the counseling target area; and

(ii) notifying any counseling organization for the counseling target area of the delinquency and the name, address, and phone number of the delinquent homeowner.

The Secretary may coordinate the provision of assistance under subsection (c) of this section with the demonstration program under this subsection.

A homeowner shall be eligible for foreclosure-prevention counseling under this paragraph if—

(i) the home owned by the homeowner is subject to a qualified mortgage; and

(ii) such home is located in a counseling target area.

The Secretary shall designate 3 counseling target areas (as provided in subparagraph (B)), which shall be located in not less than 2 separate metropolitan areas. The Secretary shall provide for counseling under the demonstration program under this subsection with respect to only such counseling target areas.

Each counseling target area shall consist of a group of contiguous census tracts—

(i) the population of which is greater than 50,000;

(ii) which together constitute an identifiable neighborhood, area, borough, district, or region within a metropolitan area (except that this clause may not be construed to exclude a group of census tracts containing areas not wholly contained within a single town, city, or other political subdivision of a State);

(iii) in which the average age of existing housing is greater than 20 years; and

(iv) for which (I) the percentage of qualified mortgages on homes within the area that are foreclosed exceeds 5 percent for the calendar year preceding the year in which the area is selected as a counseling target area, or (II) the number of qualified mortgages originated on homes in such area in the calendar year preceding the calendar year in which the area is selected as a counseling target area exceeds 20 percent of the total number of mortgages originated on residences in the area during such year.

In designating counseling target areas under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall designate at least 1 such area that meets the requirements of subparagraph (B)(iv)(I) and at least 1 such area that meets the requirements of subparagraph (B)(iv)(II).

The Secretary may expand any counseling target area during the term of the demonstration program, if the Secretary determines that counseling can be adequately provided within such expanded area and the purposes of this subsection will be furthered by such expansion. Any such expansion shall include only groups of census tracts that are contiguous to the counseling target area expanded and such census tract groups shall not be subject to the provisions of subparagraph (B).

For purposes of determining the effectiveness of counseling under the demonstration program, the Secretary shall designate 3 control areas, each of which shall correspond to 1 of the counseling target areas designated under subparagraph (A). Each control area shall be located in the metropolitan area in which the corresponding counseling target area is located, shall meet the requirements of subparagraph (B), and shall be similar to such area with respect to size, age of housing stock, median income, and racial makeup of the population. Each control area shall also comply with the requirements of subclause (I) or (II) of subparagraph (B)(iv), according to the subclause with which the corresponding counseling target area complies.

Each organization providing counseling under the demonstration program under this subsection shall maintain records with respect to each eligible homebuyer and eligible homeowner counseled and shall provide information with respect to such counseling as the Secretary or the Comptroller General may require.

For purposes of this subsection:

(A) The term “control area” means an area designated by the Secretary under paragraph (7)(E).

(B) The term “counseling target area” means an area designated by the Secretary under paragraph (7)(A).

(C) The term “creditor” means a person or entity that is servicing a loan secured by a qualified mortgage on behalf of itself or another person or entity.

(D) The term “displaced homemaker” means an individual who—

(i) is an adult;

(ii) has not worked full-time, full-year in the labor force for a number of years, but has during such years, worked primarily without remuneration to care for the home and family; and

(iii) is unemployed or underemployed and is experiencing difficulty in obtaining or upgrading employment.

(E) The term “downpayment” means the amount of purchase price of home required to be paid at or before the time of purchase.

(F) The term “eligible homebuyer” means a homebuyer that meets the requirements under paragraph (5)(B).

(G) The term “eligible homeowner” means a homeowner that meets the requirements under paragraph (6)(D).

(H) The term “first-time homebuyer” means an individual who—

(i) (and whose spouse) has had no ownership in a principal residence during the 3-year period ending on the date of purchase of the home pursuant to which counseling is provided under this subsection;

(ii) is a displaced homemaker who, except for owning a residence with his or her spouse or residing in a residence owned by the spouse, meets the requirements of clause (i); or

(iii) is a single parent who, except for owning a residence with his or her spouse or residing in a residence owned by the spouse while married, meets the requirements of clause (i).

(I) The term “home” includes any dwelling or dwelling unit eligible for a qualified mortgage, and includes a unit in a condominium project, a membership interest and occupancy agreement in a cooperative housing project, and a manufactured home and the lot on which the home is situated.

(J) The term “metropolitan area” means a standard metropolitan statistical area as designated by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

(K) The term “qualified mortgage” means a mortgage on a 1- to 4-family home that is insured under title II of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1707 et seq.].

(L) The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

(M) The term “single parent” means an individual who—

(i) is unmarried or legally separated from a spouse; and

(ii)(I) has 1 or more minor children for whom the individual has custody or joint custody; or

(II) is pregnant.

The Secretary may issue any regulations necessary to carry out this subsection.

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $365,000 for fiscal year 1993 and $380,330 for fiscal year 1994.

The demonstration program under this subsection shall terminate at the end of fiscal year 1994.

An organization may not receive assistance for counseling activities under subsection (a)(1)(iii), (a)(2), (c), or (d) of this section, unless the organization provides such counseling, to the extent practicable, by individuals who have been certified by the Secretary under this subsection as competent to provide such counseling.

The Secretary shall, by regulation, establish standards and procedures for testing and certifying counselors. Such standards and procedures shall require for certification that the individual shall demonstrate, by written examination (as provided under subsection (f)(4) of this section), competence to provide counseling in each of the following areas:

(A) Financial management.

(B) Property maintenance.

(C) Responsibilities of homeownership and tenancy.

(D) Fair housing laws and requirements.

(E) Housing affordability.

(F) Avoidance of, and responses to, rental and mortgage delinquency and avoidance of eviction and mortgage default.

The Secretary shall encourage organizations engaged in providing homeownership and rental counseling that do not receive assistance under this section to employ individuals to provide such counseling who are certified under this subsection or meet the certification standards established under this subsection.

To the extent amounts are provided in appropriations Acts under paragraph (7), the Secretary shall contract with an appropriate entity (which may be a nonprofit organization) to carry out a program under this subsection to train individuals to provide homeownership and rental counseling and to administer the examination under subsection (e)(2) of this section and certify individuals under such subsection.

To be eligible to provide the training and certification program under this subsection, an entity shall have demonstrated experience in training homeownership and rental counselors.

The Secretary shall provide for entities meeting the requirements of subparagraph (A) to submit applications to provide the training and certification program under this subsection. The Secretary shall select an application based on the ability of the entity to—

(i) establish the program as soon as possible on a national basis, but not later than the date under paragraph (6);

(ii) minimize the costs involved in establishing the program; and

(iii) effectively and efficiently carry out the program.

The Secretary shall require that training of counselors under the program under this subsection be designed and coordinated to prepare individuals for successful completion of the examination for certification under subsection (e)(2) of this section. The Secretary, in consultation with the entity selected under paragraph (2)(B), shall establish the curriculum and standards for training counselors under the program.

The entity selected under paragraph (2)(B) shall administer the examination under subsection (e)(2) of this section and, on behalf of the Secretary, certify individuals successfully completing the examination. The Secretary, in consultation with such entity, shall establish the content and format of the examination.

Subject to the approval of the Secretary, the entity selected under paragraph (2)(B) may establish and impose reasonable fees for participation in the training provided under the program and for examination and certification under subsection (e)(2) of this section, in an amount sufficient to cover any costs of such activities not covered with amounts provided under paragraph (7).

The entity selected under paragraph (2)(B) to carry out the training and certification program shall establish the program as soon as possible after such selection, and shall make training and certification available under the program on a national basis not later than the expiration of the 1-year period beginning upon such selection.

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1993 and $2,084,000 for 1994.

(Pub. L. 90–448, title I, §106, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 490; Pub. L. 91–609, title IX, §903(a), (b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1808; Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, §811, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 735; Pub. L. 95–128, title IX, §903, Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1149; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §339A, Aug. 13, 1982, 95 Stat. 417; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §465, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1236; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(f), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2233; Pub. L. 100–242, title I, §169, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1865; Pub. L. 100–628, title X, §1009, Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3266; Pub. L. 101–137, §8, Nov. 3, 1989, 103 Stat. 826; Pub. L. 101–625, title V, §577, title VII, §706(c), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4238, 4286; Pub. L. 102–550, title I, §162(a)–(d), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3719–3721; Pub. L. 104–316, title I, §106(a), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3830; Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §594(a), (b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2655; Pub. L. 107–73, title II, §205, Nov. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 674; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VI, §688(a), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3336; Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2127, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2841; Pub. L. 111–203, title XIV, §§1443–1445, 1448, 1449, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2165–2171, 2173, 2174.)

Pub. L. 111–203, title XIV, §§1400(c), 1443–1445, 1448, 1449, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2136, 2165–2171, 2173, 2174, provided that this section is amended, effective on the date on which final regulations implementing such amendments take effect, or on the date that is 18 months after the designated transfer date if such regulations have not been issued by that date:

(1) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the following:

*“(4) **Homeownership and Rental Counseling Assistance.—*

*“(A) **In general**.—The Secretary shall make financial assistance available under this paragraph to HUD-approved housing counseling agencies and State housing finance agencies.*

*“(B) **Qualified entities**.—The Secretary shall establish standards and guidelines for eligibility of organizations (including governmental and nonprofit organizations) to receive assistance under this paragraph, in accordance with subparagraph (D).*

*“(C) **Distribution**.—Assistance made available under this paragraph shall be distributed in a manner that encourages efficient and successful counseling programs and that ensures adequate distribution of amounts for rural areas having traditionally low levels of access to such counseling services, including areas with insufficient access to the Internet. In distributing such assistance, the Secretary may give priority consideration to entities serving areas with the highest home foreclosure rates.*

*“(D) **Limitation on distribution of assistance.—*

*“(i) **In general**.—None of the amounts made available under this paragraph shall be distributed to—*

*“(I) any organization which has been convicted for a violation under Federal law relating to an election for Federal office; or*

*“(II) any organization which employs applicable individuals.*

*“(ii) **Definition of applicable individuals**.—In this subparagraph, the term ‘applicable individual’ means an individual who—*

*“(I) is—*

*“(aa) employed by the organization in a permanent or temporary capacity;*

*“(bb) contracted or retained by the organization; or*

*“(cc) acting on behalf of, or with the express or apparent authority of, the organization; and*

*“(II) has been convicted for a violation under Federal law relating to an election for Federal office.*

*“(E) **Grantmaking process**.—In making assistance available under this paragraph, the Secretary shall consider appropriate ways of streamlining and improving the processes for grant application, review, approval, and award.*

*“(F) **Authorization of appropriations**.—There are authorized to be appropriated $45,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2012 for—*

*“(i) the operations of the Office of Housing Counseling of the Department of Housing and Urban Development;*

*“(ii) the responsibilities of the Director of Housing Counseling under paragraphs (2) through (5) of subsection (g); and*

*“(iii) assistance pursuant to this paragraph for entities providing homeownership and rental counseling.”;*

(2) in subsection (c)(5)(A)(ii)—

(A) in subclause (III), by striking “and” at the end;

(B) in subclause (IV), by substituting “; and” for the period at the end; and

(C) by inserting after subclause (IV) the following:

*“(V) notify the housing or mortgage applicant of the availability of mortgage software systems provided pursuant to subsection (g)(3).”;*

(3) in subsection (e)—

(A) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

*“An organization may not receive assistance for counseling activities under subsection (a)(1)(iii), (a)(2), (a)(4), (c), or (d) of this section, or under section 1701w of this title, unless the organization, or the individuals through which the organization provides such counseling, has been certified by the Secretary under this subsection as competent to provide such counseling.”;*

(B) in paragraph (2), by inserting “and for certifying organizations” before the period at the end of the first sentence and substituting “, for certification of an organization, that each individual through which the organization provides counseling shall demonstrate, and, for certification of an individual,” for “for certification” in the second sentence;

(C) in paragraph (3), by inserting “organizations and” before “individuals”;

(D) by redesignating paragraph (3) as (5); and

(E) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:

*“Any homeownership counseling or rental housing counseling (as such terms are defined in subsection (g)(1)) required under, or provided in connection with, any program administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development shall be provided only by organizations or counselors certified by the Secretary under this subsection as competent to provide such counseling.*

*“The Secretary shall take such actions as the Secretary considers appropriate to ensure that individuals and organizations providing homeownership or rental housing counseling are aware of the certification requirements and standards of this subsection and of the training and certification programs under subsection (f).”; and*

(4) by adding at the end the following:

*“The Secretary shall establish, coordinate, and monitor the administration by the Department of Housing and Urban Development of the counseling procedures for homeownership counseling and rental housing counseling provided in connection with any program of the Department, including all requirements, standards, and performance measures that relate to homeownership and rental housing counseling.*

*“For purposes of this subsection and as used in the provisions referred to in this subparagraph, the term ‘homeownership counseling’ means counseling related to homeownership and residential mortgage loans. Such term includes counseling related to homeownership and residential mortgage loans that is provided pursuant to—*

*“(i) section 105(a)(20) of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5305(a)(20));*

*“(ii) in the United States Housing Act of 1937—*

*“(I) section 9(e) (42 U.S.C. 1437g(e));*

*“(II) section 8(y)(1)(D) (42 U.S.C. 1437f(y)(1)(D));*

*“(III) section 18(a)(4)(D) (42 U.S.C. 1437p(a)(4)(D));*

*“(IV) section 23(c)(4) (42 U.S.C. 1437u(c)(4));*

*“(V) section 32(e)(4) (42 U.S.C. 1437z–4(e)(4));*

*“(VI) section 33(d)(2)(B) (42 U.S.C. 1437z–5(d)(2)(B));*

*“(VII) sections 302(b)(6) and 303(b)(7) (42 U.S.C. 1437aaa–1(b)(6), 1437aaa–2(b)(7)); and*

*“(VIII) section 304(c)(4) (42 U.S.C. 1437aaa–3(c)(4));*

*“(iii) section 302(a)(4) of the American Homeownership and Economic Opportunity Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 1437f note);*

*“(iv) sections 12773(b)(2) and 12808(b) of title 42;*

*“(v) this section and section 1701w of this title;*

*“(vi) section 4110(d)(2)(G) of this title;*

*“(vii) sections 12872(b)(6), 12873(b)(7), 12874(c)(4), 12892(b)(6), and 12893(b)(6) of title 42;*

*“(viii) section 11408(b)(1)(F)(iii) of title 42;*

*“(ix) sections 202(3) and 810(b)(2)(A) of the Native American Housing and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4132(3), 4229(b)(2)(A));*

*“(x) in the National Housing Act—*

*“(I) in section 203 (12 U.S.C. 1709), the penultimate undesignated paragraph of paragraph (2) of subsection (b), subsection (c)(2)(A), and subsection (r)(4);*

*“(II) subsections (a) and (c)(3) of section 237; and*

*“(III) subsections (d)(2)(B) and (m)(1) of section 255 (12 U.S.C. 1715z–20);*

*“(xi) section 502(h)(4)(B) of the Housing Act of 1949 (42 U.S.C. 1472(h)(4)(B));*

*“(xii) section 1701z–7 of this title; and*

*“(xiii) section 1701z–16 of this title.*

*“For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘rental housing counseling’ means counseling related to rental of residential property, which may include counseling regarding future homeownership opportunities and providing referrals for renters and prospective renters to entities providing counseling and shall include counseling related to such topics that is provided pursuant to—*

*“(i) section 105(a)(20) of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5305(a)(20));*

*“(ii) in the United States Housing Act of 1937—*

*“(I) section 9(e) (42 U.S.C. 1437g(e));*

*“(II) section 18(a)(4)(D) (42 U.S.C. 1437p(a)(4)(D));*

*“(III) section 23(c)(4) (42 U.S.C. 1437u(c)(4));*

*“(IV) section 32(e)(4) (42 U.S.C. 1437z–4(e)(4));*

*“(V) section 33(d)(2)(B) (42 U.S.C. 1437z–5(d)(2)(B)); and*

*“(VI) section 302(b)(6) (42 U.S.C. 1437aaa–1(b)(6));*

*“(iii) section 12773(b)(2) of title 42;*

*“(iv) this section;*

*“(v) section 12872(b)(6) of title 42;*

*“(vi) section 11408(b)(1)(F)(iii) of title 42;*

*“(vii) sections 202(3) and 810(b)(2)(A) of the Native American Housing and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4132(3), 4229(b)(2)(A)); and*

*“(viii) the rental assistance program under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f).*

*“The Secretary, in consultation with the advisory committee established under subsection (g)(4) of the Department of Housing and Urban Development Act, shall establish standards for materials and forms to be used, as appropriate, by organizations providing homeownership counseling services, including any recipients of assistance pursuant to subsection (a)(4).*

*“The Secretary shall provide for the certification of various computer software programs for consumers to use in evaluating different residential mortgage loan proposals. The Secretary shall require, for such certification, that the mortgage software systems take into account—*

*“(i) the consumer's financial situation and the cost of maintaining a home, including insurance, taxes, and utilities;*

*“(ii) the amount of time the consumer expects to remain in the home or expected time to maturity of the loan; and*

*“(iii) such other factors as the Secretary considers appropriate to assist the consumer in evaluating whether to pay points, to lock in an interest rate, to select an adjustable or fixed rate loan, to select a conventional or government-insured or guaranteed loan and to make other choices during the loan application process.*

*If the Secretary determines that available existing software is inadequate to assist consumers during the residential mortgage loan application process, the Secretary shall arrange for the development by private sector software companies of new mortgage software systems that meet the Secretary's specifications.*

*“Such certified computer software programs shall be used to supplement, not replace, housing counseling. The Secretary shall provide that such programs are initially used only in connection with the assistance of housing counselors certified pursuant to subsection (e).*

*“After a period of initial availability under subparagraph (B) as the Secretary considers appropriate, the Secretary shall take reasonable steps to make mortgage software systems certified pursuant to this paragraph widely available through the Internet and at public locations, including public libraries, senior-citizen centers, public housing sites, offices of public housing agencies that administer rental housing assistance vouchers, and housing counseling centers.*

*“This paragraph shall be effective only to the extent that amounts to carry out this paragraph are made available in advance in appropriations Acts.*

*“The Director of Housing Counseling shall develop, implement, and conduct national public service multimedia campaigns designed to make persons facing mortgage foreclosure, persons considering a subprime mortgage loan to purchase a home, elderly persons, persons who face language barriers, low-income persons, minorities, and other potentially vulnerable consumers aware that it is advisable, before seeking or maintaining a residential mortgage loan, to obtain homeownership counseling from an unbiased and reliable sources and that such homeownership counseling is available, including through programs sponsored by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.*

*“Each segment of the multimedia campaign under subparagraph (A) shall publicize the toll-free telephone number and website of the Department of Housing and Urban Development through which persons seeking housing counseling can locate a housing counseling agency in their State that is certified by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and can provide advice on buying a home, renting, defaults, foreclosures, credit issues, and reverse mortgages.*

*“There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary, not to exceed $3,000,000 for fiscal years 2009, 2010, and 2011, for the development, implementation, and conduct of national public service multimedia campaigns under this paragraph.*

*“Ten percent of any funds appropriated pursuant to the authorization under subparagraph (C) shall be used by the Director of Housing Counseling to conduct an education program in areas that have a high density of foreclosure. Such program shall involve direct mailings to persons living in such areas describing—*

*“(I) tips on avoiding foreclosure rescue scams;*

*“(II) tips on avoiding predatory lending mortgage agreements;*

*“(III) tips on avoiding for-profit foreclosure counseling services; and*

*“(IV) local counseling resources that are approved by the Department of Housing and Urban Development.*

*“In conducting the education program described under clause (i), the Director of Housing Counseling shall also place an emphasis on serving communities that have a high percentage of retirement communities or a high percentage of low-income minority communities.*

*“For purposes of this subparagraph:*

*“An area has a ‘high density of foreclosures’ if such area is one of the metropolitan statistical areas (as that term is defined by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget) with the highest home foreclosure rates.*

*“An area has a ‘high percentage of retirement communities’ if such area is one of the metropolitan statistical areas (as that term is defined by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget) with the highest percentage of residents aged 65 or older.*

*“An area has a ‘high percentage of low-income minority communities’ if such area contains a higher-than-normal percentage of residents who are both minorities and low-income, as defined by the Director of Housing Counseling.*

*“The Secretary shall provide advice and technical assistance to States, units of general local government, and nonprofit organizations regarding the establishment and operation of, including assistance with the development of content and materials for, educational programs to inform and educate consumers, particularly those most vulnerable with respect to residential mortgage loans (such as elderly persons, persons facing language barriers, low-income persons, minorities, and other potentially vulnerable consumers), regarding home mortgages, mortgage refinancing, home equity loans, home repair loans, and where appropriate by region, any requirements and costs associated with obtaining flood or other disaster-specific insurance coverage.*

*“For purposes of this section:*

*“The term ‘nonprofit organization’ has the meaning given such term in section 12704(5) of title 42, except that subparagraph (D) of such section shall not apply for purposes of this section.*

*“The term ‘State’ means each of the several States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the Trust Territories of the Pacific, or any other possession of the United States.*

*“The term ‘unit of general local government’ means any city, county, parish, town, township, borough, village, or other general purpose political subdivision of a State.*

*“The term ‘HUD-approved counseling agency’ means a private or public nonprofit organization that is—*

*“(A) exempt from taxation under section 501(c) of title 26; and*

*“(B) certified by the Secretary to provide housing counseling services.*

*“The term ‘State housing finance agency’ means any public body, agency, or instrumentality specifically created under State statute that is authorised to finance activities designed to provide housing and related facilities throughout an entire State through land acquisition, construction, or rehabilitation.*

*“The Secretary shall—*

*“(A) develop and maintain a system to ensure that any organization or entity that receives any covered assistance uses all amounts of covered assistance in accordance with this section, the regulations issued under this section, and any requirements or conditions under which such amounts were provided; and*

*“(B) require any organization or entity, as a condition of receipt of any covered assistance, to agree to comply with such requirements regarding covered assistance as the Secretary shall establish, which shall include—*

*“(i) appropriate periodic financial and grant activity reporting, record retention, and audit requirements for the duration of the covered assistance to the organization or entity to ensure compliance with the limitations and requirements of this section, the regulations under this section, and any requirements or conditions under which such amounts were provided; and*

*“(ii) any other requirements that the Secretary determines are necessary to ensure appropriate administration and compliance.*

*“If any organization or entity that receives any covered assistance is determined by the Secretary to have used any covered assistance in a manner that is materially in violation of this section, the regulations issued under this section, or any requirements or conditions under which such assistance was provided—*

*“(A) the Secretary shall require that, within 12 months after the determination of such misuse, the organization or entity shall reimburse the Secretary for such misused amounts and return to the Secretary any such amounts that remain unused or uncommitted for use; and*

*“(B) such organization or entity shall be ineligible, at any time after such determination, to apply for or receive any further covered assistance.*

*“The remedies under this paragraph are in addition to any other remedies that may be available under law.*

*“For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘covered assistance’ means any grant or other financial assistance provided under this section.”*

See Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note below.

The Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(iv), is Pub. L. 93–383, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 633, as amended. Title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 is classified principally to chapter 69 (§5301 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of Title 42 and Tables.

The National Housing Act, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2) and (d)(9)(K), is act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, as amended. Title II of the Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§1707 et seq.) of this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1701 of this title and Tables.

Section 152 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), is section 152 of Pub. L. 102–550, which was set out as a note under section 1437f of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §550(f), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2610.

The Housing Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (c)(4)(B), is act July 15, 1949, ch. 338, 63 Stat. 413, as amended. Title V of the Housing Act of 1949 is classified generally to subchapter III (§1471 et seq.) of chapter 8A of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1441 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and Tables.

The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(5)(A)(ii)(IV), is act Oct. 17, 1940, ch. 888, 54 Stat. 1178, as amended, which is classified to section 501 et seq. of Title 50, Appendix, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 501 of Title 50, Appendix, and Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**2008**—Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 110–289, §2127(2), struck out concluding provisions which read as follows: “An applicant for a mortgage shall be eligible for homeownership counseling under this subsection if the applicant is a first-time homebuyer who meets the requirements of section 12852(b)(1) of title 42 and the mortgage involves a principal obligation (including such initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees as the Secretary shall approve) in excess of 97 percent of the appraised value of the property and is to be insured pursuant to section 203 of the National Housing Act.”

Subsec. (c)(4)(C)(iii), (iv). Pub. L. 110–289, §2127(1), added cls. (iii) and (iv).

Subsec. (c)(4)(D). Pub. L. 110–289, §2127(3), added subpar. (D).

**2006**—Subsec. (c)(5)(A)(ii)(IV). Pub. L. 109–163 added subcl. (IV).

**2001**—Subsec. (c)(9). Pub. L. 107–73 struck out heading and text of par. (9). Text read as follows: “The provisions of this subsection shall not be effective after September 30, 2000.”

**1998**—Subsec. (c)(5)(C). Pub. L. 105–276, §594(b), amended heading and text of subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Notification under subparagraph (A) shall not be required with respect to any loan—

“(i) insured or guaranteed under chapter 37 of title 38; or

“(ii) for which the eligible homeowner pays the amount overdue before the expiration of the 45-day period under subparagraph (B)(ii).”

Subsec. (c)(9). Pub. L. 105–276, §594(a), substituted “2000” for “1994”.

**1996**—Subsec. (d)(5)(A). Pub. L. 104–316, §106(a)(2), substituted “(9)” for “(10)(K)” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(8). Pub. L. 104–316, §106(a)(3), struck out “(for purposes of the study and report under paragraph (9))” before “may require”.

Subsec. (d)(9) to (13). Pub. L. 104–316, §106(a)(1), (4), redesignated pars. (10) to (13) as (9) to (12), respectively, and struck out former par. (9) which related to GAO study and report on demonstration program.

**1992**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 102–550, §162(a), substituted “except that for such purposes there are authorized to be appropriated $6,025,000 for fiscal year 1993 and $6,278,050 for fiscal year 1994. Of the amounts appropriated for each of fiscal years 1993 and 1994, up to $500,000 shall be available for use for counseling and other activities in connection with the demonstration program under section 152 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992.” for “except that for such purposes there are authorized to be appropriated $3,600,000 for fiscal year 1991 and $3,700,000 for fiscal year 1992.”

Subsec. (c)(3)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 102–550, §162(b)(3), added cl. (iii).

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 102–550, §162(b)(4), inserted flush sentence at end.

Subsec. (c)(5)(A). Pub. L. 102–550, §162(b)(5), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: “(A)

“(i) The availability of homeownership counseling provided by nonprofit organizations approved by the Secretary and experienced in the provision of homeownership counseling.

“(ii) The toll-free telephone number described in subparagraph (D)(i).”

Subsec. (c)(5)(D)(i). Pub. L. 102–550, §162(b)(6), inserted “, which shall be updated annually,” after “organizations”.

Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 102–550, §162(b)(1), amended first sentence generally. Prior to amendment, first sentence read as follows: “There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $6,700,000 for fiscal year 1991 and $7,000,000 for fiscal year 1992, of which amounts $2,000,000 shall be available in each such fiscal year to carry out paragraph (5)(D).”

Subsec. (c)(9). Pub. L. 102–550, §162(b)(2), substituted “1994” for “1992”.

Subsec. (d)(12). Pub. L. 102–550, §162(c), amended par. (12) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (12) read as follows: “There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $350,000 for fiscal year 1991 and $365,000 for fiscal year 1992.”

Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 102–550, §162(d), added subsecs. (e) and (f).

**1990**—Subsec. (a)(2)(A) to (C). Pub. L. 101–625, §706(c), designated portions of existing text as cls. (A) and (C), and added cl. (B).

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 101–625, §577(a), substituted provisions authorizing appropriations of $3,600,000 for fiscal year 1991 and $3,700,000 for fiscal year 1992, for provisions authorizing appropriations of $3,500,000 for each of the fiscal years 1988 and 1989.

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 101–625, §577(b)(3), amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: “The creditor of a delinquent home loan shall notify an eligible homeowner of the availability of any homeownership counseling offered by the creditor. As a supplement to the counseling provided by the creditor, the creditor shall notify the homeowner of the availability of 1 of the following:

“(A) Homeownership counseling provided by nonprofit organizations approved by the Secretary and experienced in the provision of homeownership counseling.

“(B) A list of the nonprofit organizations, approved by the Secretary and experienced in the provision of homeownership counseling, that can be obtained by calling a toll-free telephone number at the Department of Housing and Urban Development.

“(C) Homeownership counseling provided by the Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs for loans insured or guaranteed under chapter 37 of title 38.”

Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 101–625, §577(b)(1), amended first sentence generally. Prior to amendment, first sentence read as follows: “There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $3,500,000 for each of the fiscal years 1988 and 1989.”

Subsec. (c)(9). Pub. L. 101–625, §577(b)(2), substituted “September 30, 1992” for “September 30, 1990”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–625, §577(c), added subsec. (d).

**1989**—Subsec. (c)(9). Pub. L. 101–137 substituted “September 30, 1990” for “September 30, 1989”.

**1988**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 100–628 inserted before period at end of first sentence “or guaranteed or insured under chapter 37 of title 38”.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 100–242, §169(a), substituted “except that for each of the fiscal years 1988 and 1989 there are authorized to be appropriated $3,500,000 for such purposes” for “except that for the fiscal year 1984, there are authorized to be appropriated not to exceed $3,500,000 for such purposes”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–242, §169(b), added subsec. (c).

**1984**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 98–479 substituted “architectural” for “architechtual”.

**1983**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 98–181 substituted “1984” for “1982”, and “$3,500,000” for “$4,000,000”.

**1981**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 97–35 inserted provisions authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 1982.

**1977**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 95–128 authorized the Secretary to provide the services for other owners of single family dwelling units insured under subchapter II of this chapter.

**1974**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 93–383, §811(b)(1), (c), in cl. (iii) substituted provisions authorizing counseling and advice to tenants and homeowners with respect to property maintenance, etc., for provisions authorizing counseling on household management, self-help, etc., for families receiving assistance under this chapter or the United States Housing Act of 1937, and added cl. (iv).

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 93–383, §811(b)(2), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (3).

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 93–383, §811(b)(2), (d), redesignated former par. (2) as (3) and substituted “such sums as may be necessary” for “not to exceed $5,000,000”.

Subsec. (b)(1), (2). Pub. L. 93–383, §811(e), (f), inserted reference to public housing agencies.

**1970**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–609, §903(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted provision respecting specific authorities without limitation to such authorities, redesignated former par. (1) as cl. (i), struck out introductory text relating to assistance with respect to construction, rehabilitation, and operation by nonprofit organizations of housing for low or moderate income families now incorporated in cl. (i), redesignated former par. (2) as cl. (ii), inserting therein provision for assistance to public bodies or to nonprofit or cooperative organizations, including assistance with respect to self-help and mutual self-help programs, and added cl. (iii) and par. (2).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 91–609, §903(b), substituted “section 1715z of this title or any other federally assisted program” for “any federally assisted program” in first sentence.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the date on which final regulations implementing that amendment take effect, or on the date that is 18 months after the designated transfer date if such regulations have not been issued by that date, see section 1400(c) of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 1601 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VI, §688(d), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3337, provided that: “The amendments made under subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect 150 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 2006].”

Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §594(c), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2656, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] are made on, and shall apply beginning upon, the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998].”

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

Section 162(e) of Pub. L. 102–550 provided that: “The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall issue any regulations necessary to carry out the amendments made by subsection (d) [amending this section], not later than the expiration of the 6-month period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 1992].”

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VI, §688(b), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3337, provided that: “Nothing in this section [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] shall relieve any person of any obligation imposed by any other Federal, State, or local law.”

Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §1132, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2727, as amended by Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §1072(a), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2059, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) increasing the financial knowledge and decision making capabilities of prospective homebuyers or economically vulnerable individuals and families;

“(2) assisting prospective homebuyers or economically vulnerable individuals and families to develop monthly budgets, build personal savings, finance or plan for major purchases, reduce their debt, improve their financial stability, and set and reach their financial goals;

“(3) helping prospective homebuyers or economically vulnerable individuals and families to improve their credit scores by understanding the relationship between their credit histories and their credit scores; and

“(4) educating prospective homebuyers or economically vulnerable individuals and families about the options available to build savings for short- and long-term goals.

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(c)

“(1)

“(A) certified in accordance with section 106(e)(1) of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 (12 U.S.C. 1701x(e)[1]);

“(B) certified by the Office of Financial Education of the Department of the Treasury for purposes of this section, in accordance with paragraph (2); or

“(C) a nonprofit corporation that—

“(i) is exempt from taxation under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 501(c)(3)]; and

“(ii) specializes or has expertise in working with economically vulnerable individuals and families, but whose primary purpose is not provision of credit counseling services.

“(2) OFE

“(A) a housing counseling agency certified by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under section 106(e) of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 [12 U.S.C. 1701x(e)];

“(B) a State, local, or tribal government agency;

“(C) a community development financial institution (as defined in section 103(5) of the Community Development Banking and Financial Institutions Act of 1994 (12 U.S.C. 4702(5)) or a credit union; or

“(D) any collaborative effort of entities described in any of subparagraphs (A) through (C).

“(d)

“(1)

“(A) carry out the services under this section; and

“(B) provide such other services that will improve the financial stability and economic condition of low- and moderate-income and low-wealth individuals.

“(2)

“(A) identify successful methods resulting in positive behavioral change for financial empowerment; and

“(B) establish program models for organizations to carry out effective counseling services.

“(e)

“(f)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) The effectiveness of the grant program established under this section in improving the financial situation of homeowners and prospective homebuyers served by the grant program.

“(B) The extent to which financial education and counseling services have resulted in positive behavioral changes.

“(C) The effectiveness and quality of the eligible organizations providing financial education and counseling services under the grant program.

“(g)

[Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §1072(b), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2060, provided that: “Amendments made by subsection (a) [amending section 1132 of Pub. L. 110–289, set out above] shall not apply to programs authorized by section 1132 of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 [Pub. L. 110–289] (12 U.S.C. 1701x note) that are funded with appropriations prior to fiscal year 2011.”]

Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2128, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2841, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) telephone counseling;

“(2) individualized in-person counseling;

“(3) web-based counseling;

“(4) counseling classes; or

“(5) any other form or type of counseling that the Secretary may, in his discretion, determine appropriate.

“(c)

“(d)

“(e)

“(f)

“(1) on an annual basis, on the progress and results of the demonstration program established under subsection (a); and

“(2) for the period beginning on the date of enactment of this title [July 30, 2008] and ending on the date that is 5 years after such date of enactment, on the payment history and delinquency rates of eligible homebuyers who participated in the demonstration program.”

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VI, §688(c), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3337, provided that: “Not later than 150 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 2006], the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall issue a final disclosure form to fulfill the requirement of subclause (IV) of section 106(c)(5)(A)(ii) of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 [12 U.S.C. 1701x(c)(5)(A)(ii)(IV)], as added by subsection (a).”

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (in this section referred to as the “Secretary”) shall take such actions as may be necessary to inform potential homebuyers of the availability and importance of obtaining an independent home inspection. Such actions shall include—

(A) publication of the HUD/FHA form HUD 92564–CN entitled “For Your Protection: Get a Home Inspection”, in both English and Spanish languages;

(B) publication of the HUD/FHA booklet entitled “For Your Protection: Get a Home Inspection”, in both English and Spanish languages;

(C) development and publication of a HUD booklet entitled “For Your Protection—Get a Home Inspection” that does not reference FHA-insured homes, in both English and Spanish languages; and

(D) publication of the HUD document entitled “Ten Important Questions To Ask Your Home Inspector”, in both English and Spanish languages.

The Secretary shall make the materials specified in paragraph (1) available for electronic access and, where appropriate, inform potential homebuyers of such availability through home purchase counseling public service announcements and toll-free telephone hotlines of the Department of Housing and Urban Development. The Secretary shall give special emphasis to reaching first-time and low-income homebuyers with these materials and efforts.

The Secretary may periodically update and revise such materials, as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

Each mortgagee approved for participation in the mortgage insurance programs under title II of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1707 et seq.] shall provide prospective homebuyers, at first contact, whether upon pre-qualification, pre-approval, or initial application, the materials specified in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (D) of subsection (a)(1).

Each counseling agency certified pursuant by 1 the Secretary to provide housing counseling services shall provide each of their clients, as part of the home purchase counseling process, the materials specified in subparagraphs (C) and (D) of subsection (a)(1).

Training provided the Department of Housing and Urban Development for housing counseling agencies, whether such training is provided directly by the Department or otherwise, shall include—

(1) providing information on counseling potential homebuyers of the availability and importance of getting an independent home inspection;

(2) providing information about the home inspection process, including the reasons for specific inspections such as radon and lead-based paint testing;

(3) providing information about advising potential homebuyers on how to locate and select a qualified home inspector; and

(4) review of home inspection public outreach materials of the Department.

(Pub. L. 111–203, title XIV, §1451, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2176.)

The National Housing Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246. Title II of the Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§1707 et seq.) of this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1701 of this title and Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Expand and Preserve Home Ownership Through Counseling Act and also as part of the Mortgage Reform and Anti-Predatory Lending Act and as part of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Section effective on the date on which final regulations implementing such section take effect, or on the date that is 18 months after the designated transfer date if such regulations have not been issued by that date, see section 1400(c) of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 1601 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (hereafter in this section referred to as the “Secretary”) shall establish a program for making grants for providing a full range of foreclosure legal assistance to low- and moderate-income homeowners and tenants related to home ownership preservation, home foreclosure prevention, and tenancy associated with home foreclosure.

The Secretary shall allocate amounts made available for grants under this section to State and local legal organizations on the basis of a competitive process. For purposes of this subsection “State and local legal organizations” are those State and local organizations whose primary business or mission is to provide legal assistance.

In allocating amounts in accordance with subsection (b), the Secretary shall give priority consideration to State and local legal organizations that are operating in the 125 metropolitan statistical areas (as that term is defined by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget) with the highest home foreclosure rates.

Any State or local legal organization that receives financial assistance pursuant to this section may use such amounts only to assist—

(A) homeowners of owner-occupied homes with mortgages in default, in danger of default, or subject to or at risk of foreclosure; and

(B) tenants at risk of or subject to eviction as a result of foreclosure of the property in which such tenant resides.

Any State or local legal organization that receives financial assistance pursuant to this section shall begin using any financial assistance received under this section within 90 days after receipt of the assistance.

No funds provided to a State or local legal organization under this section may be used to support any class action litigation.

Legal assistance funded with amounts provided under this section shall be limited to mortgage-related default, eviction, or foreclosure proceedings, without regard to whether such foreclosure is judicial or nonjudicial.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, this subsection shall take effect on July 21, 2010.

None of the amounts made available under this section shall be distributed to—

(A) any organization which has been convicted for a violation under Federal law relating to an election for Federal office; or

(B) any organization which employs applicable individuals.

In this subsection, the term “applicable individual” means an individual who—

(A) is—

(i) employed by the organization in a permanent or temporary capacity;

(ii) contracted or retained by the organization; or

(iii) acting on behalf of, or with the express or apparent authority of, the organization; and

(B) has been convicted for a violation under Federal law relating to an election for Federal office.

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary $35,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2011 through 2012 for grants under this section.

(Pub. L. 111–203, title XIV, §1498, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2211.)

This Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(5), is Pub. L. 111–203, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1376, known as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which enacted chapter 53 (§5301 et seq.) of this title and chapters 108 (§8201 et seq.) and 109 (§8301 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and enacted, amended, and repealed numerous other sections and notes in the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of this title and Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Mortgage Reform and Anti-Predatory Lending Act and also as part of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Section effective on the date on which final regulations implementing such section take effect, or on the date that is 18 months after the designated transfer date if such regulations have not been issued by that date, see section 1400(c) of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 1601 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

For definition of “State”, see section 5301 of this title.

(1) There is hereby created a body corporate to be known as the “National Homeownership Foundation” (hereinafter referred to as the “Foundation”) to carry out a continuing program of encouraging private and public organizations at the national, community, and neighborhood levels to provide increased homeownership and housing opportunities in urban and rural areas for lower income families through such means as—

(A) encouraging the investment in, and sponsoring of, housing for lower income families;

(B) encouraging the establishment of programs of assistance and counseling to lower income families to enable them better to achieve and afford adequate housing;

(C) providing a broad range of technical assistance through publications and advisory services to public and private organizations which are carrying out, or are desirous of carrying out, programs to expand homeownership and housing opportunities for lower income families; and

(D) providing grants and loans to public and private organizations carrying out homeownership and housing opportunity programs for lower income families to help cover some of the expenses of such programs.

(2) The Foundation shall be deemed to be a corporation without members organized and established under the provisions of the District of Columbia Nonprofit Corporation Act, with all the rights, powers, and responsibilities thereof except as limited by this section and any amendments thereto. This section shall constitute the articles of incorporation and charter of the Foundation, which shall not be an agency or instrumentality of the United States Government. The Congress expressly reserves the exclusive right to alter or amend this charter. The Foundation shall have succession until dissolved by Act of Congress. The Foundation shall maintain its principal office in the District of Columbia.

(3) No part of the net earnings of the Foundation shall inure to the benefit of any private person, and no substantial part of its activities shall be devoted to attempting to influence legislation. The Foundation shall not participate or intervene in any political campaign on behalf of any candidate for public office. The Foundation shall be operated and administered at all times as a charitable and educational foundation.

(4) No employee or officer of the Foundation shall receive compensation in excess of that received by or hereafter prescribed by law for heads of executive departments.

(5) The Foundation shall make maximum use of existing public and private agencies and programs, and in carrying out its functions the Foundation is authorized to contract with individuals, private corporations, organizations, and associations, and with agencies of the Federal, State, and local governments.

(6) The Foundation is authorized to receive donations and grants from individuals and from public and private organizations, foundations, and agencies.

(7) The Foundation may use only donated funds, or funds derived from payment of interest on loans made by it, for the principal and interest payments on any borrowings.

(1) The Foundation shall have a Board of Directors consisting of eighteen members, fifteen of whom shall be appointed by the President of the United States, with the advice and consent of the Senate. The other three members shall be, ex officio, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity. The President shall appoint one of the fifteen appointed members to serve as Chairman of the Board during his term of office as a member.

(2) Within thirty days after August 1, 1968, the President shall appoint the fifteen appointed members of the Board. Not more than five of such members shall, at the time of their appointment, be serving full time as officers or employees of the Federal Government, or as officers or employees of any State or local government. Each appointed member of the Board shall hold office for a term of three years, except that (A) any member appointed to fill a vacancy prior to the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was appointed shall be appointed for the remainder of such term, and (B) the terms of the members first taking office shall expire, as designated by the President at the time of appointment, five at the end of the first year, five at the end of the second year, and five at the end of the third year after the date of appointment. Members of the Board, however appointed, shall be eligible for reappointment, but at no time shall there be more than five members of the Board who at the time of their appointment or reappointment were full-time officers or employees of the Federal Government or of any State or local government.

(3) Appointed members of the Board who are not employees of the Federal Government, while attending meetings or conferences of the Board or otherwise serving on business of the Board, shall be entitled to receive compensation at rates fixed by the President, but not exceeding $100 per day, including travel time, and while so serving away from their homes or regular places of business they may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by section 5703 of title 5 for persons in the Government service employed intermittently.

(4) The Board shall appoint an Executive Director of the Foundation. The Executive Director shall be the chief executive officer of the Foundation and shall serve at the pleasure of the Board, and all other executive officers and employees of the Board shall be responsible to him. The Board shall also cause to be appointed a secretary, a treasurer, and such other officers as may be necessary to conduct properly the business of the Foundation, and shall provide for filling vacancies in such offices.

(5) The Board shall adopt bylaws for the Foundation which shall be made available for public inspection upon request.

(1) The Foundation shall assist public and private organizations, at their request, in initiating, developing, and conducting programs to expand homeownership and housing opportunities for lower income families. To provide such assistance and to carry out the purposes of this section, the Foundation is authorized to—

(A) carry out a continuing program of encouraging private and public organizations at the national, community, and neighborhood levels in the establishment of such programs;

(B) assist in the formation of organizations the purpose of which is the development and carrying out of such programs, including the establishment of local development funds for financing housing for lower income families through the pooling of moneys from private sources;

(C) identify and arrange for the technical and managerial assistance and personnel needed for the successful operation of such programs by public and private organizations;

(D) assist public and private organizations in obtaining the mortgage financing, insurance, and other requirements or aids necessary for conducting programs of housing construction, rehabilitation, or improvement for lower income families;

(E) arrange for, or provide on a limited basis, training for persons in the skills needed in administering programs of homeownership and housing opportunity for lower income families;

(F) encourage research and innovation, and collect and make available such information as may be desirable to further the purposes of this section, including but not limited to such activities as the sponsoring of seminars, conferences, and meetings and the establishment of a continuing information program to acquaint lower income families with the means they can use to improve the quality of their housing and the homeownership and housing opportunities available to them;

(G) assist private and public organizations in establishing, in connection with their homeownership and housing opportunity programs for lower income families, counseling and similar activities designed to advise lower income families of the means available to better themselves economically through job training and manpower development programs; and

(H) perform other similar services in order to further the purposes of this section.

(2) The Foundation may, if it deems it appropriate, charge a reasonable fee for any assistance or service provided under this subsection.

(1) In order to assist public and private organizations which are carrying out homeownership and housing opportunity programs for lower income families to fill unmet needs, initiate exceptional programs, and experiment with new approaches and programs, the Foundation is authorized, subject to such terms and conditions as it may prescribe, to make grants and loans to such organizations to help defray the following expenses:

(A) organizational and administrative expenses incurred in commencing the operation of a program, or in expanding an existing program, to the extent that the activities are related to providing homeownership and housing opportunities for lower income families;

(B) necessary preconstruction costs incurred for architectural assistance, land options, application fees, and similar items; and

(C) the cost of carrying out programs providing counseling or similar services to lower income families for whom housing is being provided, in order to enable those families better to achieve and afford adequate housing, in such matters as home management, budget management, and home maintenance.

(2) In order to be eligible for a grant or loan under this subsection, the organization seeking such assistance shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Foundation that the funds requested are not otherwise available from Federal sources: *Provided*, That a grant or loan under this subsection may be provided to help cover that portion of the cost of an eligible activity not covered by Federal funds.

(3) The Foundation shall encourage cooperation between public and private organizations carrying out programs of homeownership and housing opportunity for lower income families and the neighborhoods and communities affected by such programs. To help assure such cooperation and in order to coordinate, to the maximum extent feasible, any construction or rehabilitation activities with the development goals of the neighborhood or community affected, no application for a loan or grant under this subsection shall be considered unless such application has been submitted to the governing body of the community affected, or to such other entity of local government as may be designated by the governing body, for such recommendations as the local governing body or its designee may desire to make. Any recommendations so made shall be given careful consideration by the Foundation before taking final action on any such application. If, upon the expiration of thirty days after any such application has been submitted to such governing body or its designee, such body or designee fails to provide such recommendations, the application may be considered without the benefit of such recommendations.

The Foundation shall coordinate its activities and consult with the Department of Housing and Urban Development and other Federal departments and agencies engaged in providing homeownership and housing opportunities for lower income families.

(1) Not later than one hundred and twenty days after the close of each fiscal year, the Foundation shall prepare and submit to the President and to the Congress a full report of its activities during such year. Such report shall include an account of the Foundation's experiences with the efforts of private and public organizations to expand homeownership and housing opportunities for lower income families, together with such recommendations as it deems appropriate.

(2) Whenever in its judgement the general unavailability of mortgage funds is sufficiently serious to deter the Foundation from carrying out its objective of expanding homeownership and housing opportunities for lower income families, the Foundation shall, in its annual report or in a separate report to the President and the Congress, state its findings and make such recommendations for alternate means of financing housing for such families as it deems appropriate.

(1) The financial transactions of the Foundation shall be audited by the Government Accountability Office in accordance with the principles and procedures applicable to commercial corporate transactions and under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Comptroller General of the United States. The representatives of the Government Accountability Office shall have access to all books, accounts, financial records, reports, files, and all other papers, things, or property belonging to or in use by the Foundation and necessary to facilitate the audit, and they shall be afforded full facilities for verifying transactions with the balances or securities held by depositories, fiscal agents, and custodians. The audit shall cover the fiscal year corresponding to that of the United States Government.

(2) A report of each such audit shall be made by the Comptroller General to the Congress not later than six and one-half months following the close of the last year covered by such audit. The report shall set forth the scope of the audit and shall include a statement of assets and liabilities, capital, and surplus or deficit; a statement of sources and application of funds; and such comments and information as may be deemed necessary to keep the Congress informed of the operations and financial condition of the Foundation, together with such recommendations with respect thereto as the Comptroller General may deem advisable. The report shall also show specifically any program, expenditure, or other financial transaction or undertaking, observed in the course of the audit, which, in the opinion of the Comptroller General, has been carried on or made without authority of law. A copy of each report shall be furnished to the President and to the Foundation at the time submitted to the Congress.

Funds of the Foundation shall be deposited, to the extent practicable, in accounts with financial institutions which are actively engaged in making loans or are otherwise carrying on activities in furtherance of homeownership and housing opportunities for lower income families.

There is authorized to be appropriated to the Foundation not to exceed $10,000,000 to carry out the purposes of this section. Appropriations made hereunder shall remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 90–448, title I, §107, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 491; Pub. L. 93–604, title VI, §604, Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1963; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1072(b), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 721; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

The District of Columbia Nonprofit Corporation Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is Pub. L. 87–569, Aug. 6, 1962, 76 Stat. 265, as amended, which is not classified to the Code.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**2004**—Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office” in two places.

**1995**—Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 104–66 struck out at end “Such audit shall be made at least once in every three years.”

**1975**—Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 93–604, §604(1), inserted provision that the audit under this subsection shall be made at least once in every three years.

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 93–604, §604(2), substituted “six and one-half months following the close of the last year covered by such audit” for “January 15 following the close of the fiscal year for which the audit was made”.

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in subsec. (f)(1) of this section relating to submittal of an annual report to Congress, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 203 of House Document No. 103–7.

Pub. L. 93–644, §9(a), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2310 [42 U.S.C. 2941], amended the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 [42 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.] to create the Community Services Administration, an independent agency in the executive branch, as the successor authority to the Office of Economic Opportunity, and provided that references to the Office of Economic Opportunity or to its Director were deemed to refer to the Community Services Administration or its Director. The Community Services Administration was terminated when the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, except for titles VIII and X, was repealed, effective Oct. 1, 1981, by section 683(a) of Pub. L. 97–35, title VI, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 519, which is classified to 42 U.S.C. 9912(a). An Office of Community Services, headed by a Director, was established in the Department of Health and Human Services by section 676 of Pub. L. 97–35, which is classified to 42 U.S.C. 9905.

In order to encourage the use of new housing technologies in providing decent, safe, and sanitary housing for lower income families; to encourage large-scale experimentation in the use of such technologies; to provide a basis for comparison of such technologies with existing housing technologies in providing such housing; and to evaluate the effect of local housing codes and zoning regulations on the large-scale use of new housing technologies in the provision of such housing, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (hereinafter referred to as the “Secretary”) shall institute a program under which qualified organizations, public and private, will submit plans for the development of housing for lower income families, using new and advanced technologies, on Federal land which has been made available by the Secretary for the purposes of this section, or on other land where (1) local building regulations permit the construction of experimental housing, or (2) State or local law permits variances from building regulations in the construction of experimental housing for the purpose of testing and developing new building technologies.

The Secretary shall approve not more than five plans utilizing new housing technologies which are submitted to him pursuant to the program referred to in subsection (a) of this section and which he determines are most promising in furtherance of the purposes of this section. In making such determination the Secretary shall consider—

(1) the potential of the technology employed for producing housing for lower income families on a large scale at a moderate cost;

(2) the extent to which the plan envisages environmental quality;

(3) the possibility of mass production of the technology; and

(4) the financial soundness of the organization submitting the plan, and the ability of such organization, alone or in combination with other organizations, to produce at least one thousand dwelling units a year utilizing the technology proposed.

In approving projects for mortgage insurance under section 1715x(a)(2) of this title, the Secretary shall seek to achieve the construction of at least one thousand dwelling units a year over a five-year period for each of the various types of technologies proposed in approved plans under subsection (b) of this section. The Secretary shall evaluate each project with respect to which assistance is extended pursuant to this section with a view to determining (1) the detailed cost breakdown per dwelling unit, (2) the environmental quality achieved in each unit, and (3) the effect which local housing codes and zoning regulations have, or would have if applicable, on the cost per dwelling unit.

Notwithstanding the provisions of chapters 1 to 11 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41, any land which is excess property within the meaning of chapters 1 to 11 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41 and which is determined by the Secretary to be suitable in furtherance of the purposes of this section may be transferred to the Secretary upon his request.

The Secretary shall, at the earliest practicable date, report his findings with respect to projects assisted pursuant to this section (including evaluations of each such project in accordance with subsection (c) of this section), together with such recommendations for additional legislation as he determines to be necessary or desirable to expand the available supply of decent, safe, and sanitary housing for lower income families through the use of technologies the efficacy of which has been demonstrated under this section.

(Pub. L. 90–448, title I, §108(a)–(e), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 495, 496.)

In subsec. (d), “chapters 1 to 11 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41, any land which is excess property within the meaning of chapters 1 to 11 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41” substituted for “the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, any land which is excess property within the meaning of such Act” on authority of Pub. L. 107–217, §5(c), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1303, which Act enacted Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development is authorized and directed to undertake such programs of research, studies, testing, and demonstration relating to the mission and programs of the Department as he determines to be necessary and appropriate. There is 1 authorized to be appropriated to carry out this title [12 U.S.C. 1701z–1 et seq.] $35,000,000 for fiscal year 1993 and $36,470,000 for fiscal year 1994.

(Pub. L. 91–609, title V, §501, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1784; Pub. L. 94–375, §23(a), Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1078; Pub. L. 95–128, title II, §204, Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1129; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §305(a), Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2097; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §304, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1112; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §303, Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1639; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §337, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 414; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §466(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1236; Pub. L. 100–242, title V, §564, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1945; Pub. L. 101–625, title IX, §951(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4417; Pub. L. 102–550, title IX, §901, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3866.)

This title, referred to in text, is title V of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, Pub. L. 91–609, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1784, as amended, which is classified generally to section 1701z–1 et seq. of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1970 Amendments note set out under section 1701 of this title and Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–550 substituted “There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this title $35,000,000 for fiscal year 1993 and $36,470,000 for fiscal year 1994.” for “There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this title $21,200,000 for fiscal year 1991 and $22,100,000 for fiscal year 1992. From any amounts appropriated under this section for fiscal year 1991, the Secretary shall use not more than $500,000 to carry out a demonstration project to test affordable housing technologies, and shall include in the annual report under section 3536 of title 42 (for the appropriate year) a statement of the activities under the demonstration program and findings resulting from the program. The statement shall set forth the amount and use of funds expended by the Secretary under the program for the year relating to the report and the Secretary shall include such a statement in each such annual report for each year that amounts appropriated under this section are used under the demonstration. All funds so appropriated shall remain available until expended unless specifically limited.”

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–625 substituted provisions authorizing appropriations of $21,200,000 for 1991 and $22,100,000 for 1992, for provisions authorizing $17,000,000 for 1988 and $18,000,000 for 1989, and added provisions limiting amount to be used for demonstration project in 1991 and requiring that annual report include statement relating to such project.

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–242 substituted “There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this title $17,000,000 for fiscal year 1988, and $18,000,000 for fiscal year 1989.” for “There are authorized to be appropriated for activities under this title not to exceed $19,000,000 for fiscal year 1984, and such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 1985. Of the amount appropriated under the preceding sentence for fiscal year 1984, not less than $2,000,000 shall be provided for implementation of a research program to be developed in consultation with public housing agencies, which program shall identify current problems of public housing management, specific solutions to such problems, and incentives to encourage implementation of such solutions.”

**1983**—Pub. L. 98–181 substituted provisions relating to appropriations for fiscal years 1984 and 1985 and the expenditure of not less than $2,000,000 for a public housing management research program for provisions authorizing appropriations of $65,000,000 for fiscal 1977, $60,000,000 for fiscal 1978, $62,000,000 for fiscal 1979, $50,300,000 for fiscal 1980, $51,000,000 for fiscal 1981 and $35,000,000 for fiscal 1982.

**1981**—Pub. L. 97–35 inserted provisions authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 1982.

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–399 authorized appropriation of $51,000,000 for fiscal year 1981.

**1979**—Pub. L. 96–153 authorized appropriation of $50,300,000 for fiscal year 1980.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–557 substituted “not to exceed $60,000,000 for the fiscal year 1978, and not to exceed $62,000,000 for the fiscal year 1979” for “and not to exceed $60,000,000 for the fiscal year 1978”.

**1977**—Pub. L. 95–128 authorized appropriation of $60,000,000 for fiscal year 1978.

**1976**—Pub. L. 94–375 substituted provision authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 1977 in an amount not exceeding $65,000,000 for provision which authorized sums to be appropriated as may have been necessary.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §599G, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2666, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) 6 shall be areas that have primarily urban characteristics;

“(2) 3 shall be areas that are outside of a metropolitan statistical area; and

“(3) 1 shall be an area that has primarily rural characteristics.

In selecting areas, the Secretary shall provide for national geographic and demographic diversity.

“(b)

“(c)

“(1) the extent of single family residences located in the proposed area that have rehabilitation needs;

“(2) the ability and expertise of the applicant in carrying out the purposes of the demonstration program, including the availability of qualified housing counselors and contractors in the proposed area willing and able to participate in rehabilitation activities funded with grant amounts;

“(3) the extent to which the designation of such area and the grant award would promote affordable housing opportunities;

“(4) the extent to which selection of the proposed area would have a beneficial effect on the neighborhood or community in the area and on surrounding areas;

“(5) the extent to which the applicant has demonstrated that grant amounts will be used to leverage additional public or private funds to carry out the purposes of the demonstration program;

“(6) the extent to which lenders (including local lenders and lenders outside the proposed area) are willing and able to make loans for rehabilitation activities assisted with grant funds; and

“(7) the extent to which the application provides for the involvement of local residents in the planning of rehabilitation activities in the demonstration area.

“(d)

“(1) to subsidize interest on loans, over a period of not more than 5 years from the origination date of the loan, made after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998] for rehabilitation of any owner-occupied 1- to 4-family residence, including the payment of interest during any period in which a residence is uninhabitable because of rehabilitation activities;

“(2) to facilitate loans for rehabilitation of 1- to 4-family properties previously subject to a mortgage insured under the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] that has been foreclosed or for which insurance benefits have been paid, including to establish revolving loan funds, loan loss reserves, and other financial structures; and

“(3) to provide technical assistance in conjunction with the rehabilitation of owner-occupied 1- to 4-family residences, including counseling, selection contractors, monitoring of work, approval of contractor payments, and final inspection of work.

“(e)

“(f)

“(g)

Section 951(b) of Pub. L. 101–625 directed Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, not later than the expiration of the 1-year period beginning on Nov. 28, 1990, to submit to Congress a report listing and describing various research activities, studies, testing, and demonstration programs relating to mission and programs of Department of Housing and Urban Development that are being conducted, have concluded, or will conclude during such period, pursuant to section 501 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970 (12 U.S.C. 1701z–1), title V of such Act (12 U.S.C. 1701z–1 et seq.), or any other authority, such report to include a statement identifying the individual or entity that is conducting each such activity, study, test, and demonstration program.

1 So in original. Probably should be “are”.

The Secretary shall require, to the greatest extent feasible, the employment of new and improved technologies, methods, and materials in housing construction, rehabilitation, and maintenance under programs administered by him with a view to reducing costs, and shall encourage and promote the acceptance and application of such advanced technology, methods, and materials by all segments of the housing industry, communities, industries engaged in urban development activities, and the general public. To the extent feasible, in connection with the construction, major rehabilitation, or maintenance of any housing assisted under section 1701z–1 of this title, the Secretary shall assure that there is no restraint by contract, building code, zoning ordinance, or practice against the employment of new or improved technologies, techniques, materials, and methods or of preassembled products which may reduce the cost or improve the quality of such construction, rehabilitation, and maintenance, and therefore stimulate expanded production of housing, except where such restraint is necessary to insure safe and healthful working and living conditions.

To encourage large-scale experimentation in the use of new technologies, methods, and materials, with a view toward the ultimate mass production of housing and related facilities, the Secretary shall wherever feasible conduct programs under section 1701z–1 of this title in which qualified organizations, public and private, will submit plans for development and production of housing and related facilities using such new advances on Federal land which has been made available or acquired by the Secretary for the purpose of this subsection or on other land where (1) local building regulations permit such experimental construction, or (2) necessary variances from building regulations can be granted. The Secretary may utilize the funds and authority available to him under the provisions of section 1701z–1 of this title to assist in the implementation of plans which he approves.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary is authorized, in connection with projects under this title [12 U.S.C. 1701z–1 et seq.], to acquire, use and dispose of any land and other property required for the project as he deems necessary. Notwithstanding the provisions of chapters 1 to 11 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41, any land which is excess property within the meaning of chapters 1 to 11 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41 and which is determined by the Secretary to be suitable in furtherance of the purposes of subsection (b) of this section may be transferred to the Secretary upon his request.

In order to effectively carry out his activities under section 1701z–1 of this title, the Secretary is authorized to provide such advice and technical assistance as may be required and to pay for the cost of writing and publishing reports on activities and undertakings financed under section 1701z–1 of this title, as well as reports on similar activities and undertakings, not so financed, which are of significant value in furthering the purposes of that section. He may disseminate (without regard to the provisions of section 3204 of title 39 or section 4154 of such title with respect to any period before the effective date of such section 3204 as provided in section 15(a) of the Postal Reorganization Act) any reports, data, or information acquired or held under this title [12 U.S.C. 1701z–1 et seq.], including related data and information otherwise available to the Secretary through the operation of the programs and activities of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, in such form as he determines to be most useful to departments, establishments, and agencies of Federal, State, and local governments, to industry, and to the general public.

The Secretary is authorized to carry out the functions authorized in section 1701z–1 of this title either directly or, without regard to section 6101 of title 41, by contract or by grant. Advance and progress payments may be made under such contracts or grants without regard to the provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of section 3324 of title 31 and such contracts or grants may be made for work to continue for not more than four years from the date thereof.

In carrying out activities under section 1701z–1 of this title, the Secretary shall utilize to the fullest extent feasible the available facilities of other Federal departments and agencies, and shall consult with, and make recommendations to, such departments and agencies. The Secretary may enter into working agreements with such departments and agencies and contract or make grants on their behalf or have such departments and agencies contract or make grants on his behalf and such departments and agencies are hereby authorized to execute such contracts and grants. The Secretary is authorized to make or accept reimbursement for the cost of such activities. The Secretary is further authorized to undertake activities under this title [12 U.S.C. 1701z–1 et seq.] under cooperative agreements with industry and labor, agencies of State or local governments, educational institutions, and other organizations. He may enter into contracts with and receive funds from such agencies, institutions, and organizations, and may exercise any of the other powers vested in him by section 1701c(c) of this title.

The Secretary is authorized to request and receive such information or data as he deems appropriate from private individuals and organizations, and from public agencies. Any such information or data shall be used only for the purposes for which it is supplied, and no publication shall be made by the Secretary whereby the information or data furnished by any particular person or establishment can be identified, except with the consent of such person or establishment.

(Pub. L. 91–609, title V, §502, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1784; Pub. L. 94–375, §23(c), Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1078; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §203(k), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2231.)

This title, referred to in subsecs. (c), (d), and (f) following “under”, is title V of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, Pub. L. 91–609, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1784, as amended, which is classified generally to section 1701z–1 et seq., of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1970 Amendments note set out under section 1701 of this title and Tables.

For effective date of section 3204 of title 39 as provided in section 15(a) of the Postal Reorganization Act, referred to in subsec. (d), see notes preceding section 101 and under section 3204 of Title 39, Postal Service.

In subsec. (c), “chapters 1 to 11 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41, any land which is excess property within the meaning of chapters 1 to 11 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41” substituted for “the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, any land which is excess property within the meaning of such Act” on authority of Pub. L. 107–217, §5(c), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1303, which Act enacted Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

In subsec. (e), “section 6101 of title 41” substituted for “section 3709 of the Revised Statutes” on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1984**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 98–479 substituted “subsections (a) and (b) of section 3324 of title 31” for “section 3648 of the Revised Statutes [31 U.S.C. 529]”.

**1976**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 94–375 inserted “and such departments and agencies are hereby authorized to execute such contracts and grants.” after “make grants on his behalf”.

The Secretary is authorized to undertake on an experimental basis programs to demonstrate the feasibility of providing housing allowance payments to assist families in meeting rental or homeownership expenses.

(1) No housing allowance payments shall be made after July 1, 1985. After January 1, 1975, the Secretary shall not enter into contracts under the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437 et seq.] to carry out the purposes of this section. The Secretary may contract with public or private agencies for the performance of administrative functions in connection with the programs authorized by this section.

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), the Secretary shall, to the extent approved in appropriation Acts, extend the annual contributions contracts for the experimental housing allowance supply program through September 30, 1989, on the same terms and conditions as the original contracts, for the sole purpose of providing assistance for homeowners participating in such program on June 1, 1983. In extending such contracts, the Secretary may, to the extent approved in appropriation Acts, use authority available under section 5(c) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437c(c)].

The Secretary shall report to the Congress on his findings pursuant to this section not later than eighteen months after August 22, 1974.

(Pub. L. 91–609, title V, §504, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1786; Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, §804, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 725; Pub. L. 94–375, §23(b), Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1078; Pub. L. 98–35, §6(a), May 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 198.)

The United States Housing Act of 1937, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 896, as revised generally by Pub. L. 93–383, title II, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 653, which is classified to chapter 8 (§1437 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1437 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1983**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–35 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

**1976**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–375 struck out provisions which authorized the Secretary to make or contract to make housing allowance payments, authorized sums to be appropriated as necessary, including sums for contract payments and administrative costs, and limited the aggregate amount of contracts for making housing allowance payments.

**1974**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–383 substituted provisions authorizing the Secretary to undertake programs on an experimental basis of housing allowance payments to assist families in meeting rental or homeownership expenses, for provisions authorizing the Secretary in carrying out activities under section 1701z–1 of this title to undertake programs on an experimental basis of housing allowances to assist families of low income to obtain rental housing of their choice in existing units.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–383 substituted provisions relating to the authority of the Secretary to make or contract to make payments to or on behalf of participating families, authorizing appropriations, and setting forth limits on the contracting power of the Secretary, for provisions setting forth limitations on the amount of family allowances and conditioning payment of such allowances.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–383 substituted provisions requiring the Secretary to report to Congress not later than 18 months after Aug. 22, 1974, for provisions setting forth the contracting authority of the Secretary for services.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93–383 struck out subsec. (d) which set forth limits on aggregate family allowances and authorizing appropriations to make payments.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 93–383 struck out subsec. (e) which required a report to Congress by the Secretary as soon as practicable in calendar years 1972 and 1973.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–383 struck out subsec. (f) which defined “families of low income” and “existing standard housing”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 93–383 struck out subsec. (g) which prohibited payments after June 30, 1973.

Section 6(b) of Pub. L. 98–35 provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall become effective on October 1, 1983.”

In carrying out activities under section 1701z–1 of this title, the Secretary may undertake programs to demonstrate the most feasible means of providing assistance to localities in which a substantial number of structures are abandoned or are threatened with abandonment for the purpose of arresting the process of housing abandonment in its incipiency or in restoring viability to blighted areas in which abandonment is pervasive. For this purpose, the Secretary is authorized to make grants, subject to the limitations of this section, to assist local public bodies in planning and implementing demonstration projects for prompt and effective action in alleviating and preventing such abandonment in designated demonstration areas.

In administering this section, the Secretary shall give preference to those demonstration projects which in his judgment can reasonably be expected to arrest the process of abandonment in the demonstration area within a period of two years and which provide for innovative approaches to combating the problem of housing abandonment. Such projects may include, but shall not be limited to (1) acquisition by negotiated purchase, lease, receivership, tax lien proceedings, or other means authorized by law and satisfactory to the Secretary, of real property within the demonstration area or areas which is abandoned, deteriorated, or in violation of applicable code standards; (2) the repair of streets, sidewalks, parks, playgrounds, publicly owned utilities, public buildings to meet needs consistent with the revitalization and continued use of the area; (3) the demolition of structures determined to be structurally unsound or unfit for human habitation or which contribute adversely to the physical or social environment of the locality involved; (4) the establishment of recreational or community facilities including public playgrounds; (5) the improvement of garbage and trash collection, street cleaning and other essential services necessary to the revitalization and maintenance of the area; (6) the rehabilitation of privately and publicly owned real property by the locality; and (7) the establishment and operation of locally controlled, nonprofit housing management corporations and municipal repair programs.

Subject to such conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, real property held as part of a project assisted under this section may be made available to (1) a limited dividend corporation, nonprofit corporation, or association, cooperative or public body or agency, or other approved purchaser or lessee, or (2) a purchaser who would be eligible for a mortgage insured under section 1715*l*(d)(3) or (d)(4), section 1715*l*(h)(1), section 1715z(i) or (j)(1), or section 1715z–1 of this title, for purchase or lease at fair market value for use by such purchaser or lessee, as, or in the provision of, new or rehabilitated housing for occupancy by families or individuals of low or moderate income.

Grants under this section shall be in amounts which do not exceed 90 per centum of the net project cost as determined by the Secretary. There are authorized to be appropriated for demonstration grants under this section not to exceed $20,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971. Any amounts appropriated shall remain available until expended and any amount authorized but not appropriated may be appropriated for any succeeding fiscal year commencing prior to July 1, 1972. Not more than one-third of the aggregate amount of grants made in any fiscal year under this section shall be made with respect to projects undertaken by one locality.

The provisions of sections 1456, 1465, and 1466 1 of title 42, and section 1452b 1 of title 42, may apply to projects assisted under this Act as if such projects were being carried out in urban renewal areas as part of urban renewal projects within the meaning of section 1460 1 of title 42.

(Pub. L. 91–609, title V, §505, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1787; Pub. L. 99–386, title I, §105(a), Aug. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 822.)

Sections 1456, 1460, and 1466 of title 42, referred to in subsec. (e), were omitted from the Code pursuant to section 5316 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, which terminated authority to make grants or loans under those sections after Jan. 1, 1975.

Section 1465 of title 42, referred to in subsec. (e), was repealed by Pub. L. 91–646, title II, §220(a)(5), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1903. See section 4601 et seq. of Title 42.

Section 1452b of title 42, referred to in subsec. (e), was repealed by Pub. L. 101–625, title II, §289(b)(1), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4128.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1986**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–386 struck out subsec. (f) which related to annual reports to Congress by Secretary with respect to status of demonstration projects.

1 See References in Text note below.

In carrying out activities under section 1701z–1 of this title, the Secretary may, after consultation with the National Science Foundation, undertake demonstrations to determine the economic and technical feasibility of utilizing solar energy for heating or cooling residential housing (including demonstrations of new housing design or structure involving the use of solar energy). Demonstrations carried out under this section should involve both single family and multifamily housing located in areas having distinguishable climatic characteristics in urban as well as rural environments. To carry out the purpose of this section the Secretary is authorized—

(1) to enter into contracts with, to make grants to, and to provide other types of assistance to individuals and entities with special competence and knowledge to contribute to the planning, design, development, and operation of such housing;

(2) to utilize the contract, loan, or mortgage insurance authority of any federally assisted housing program in the actual planning, development, and occupancy of such housing; and

(3) to set aside any development, construction, design, or occupancy requirements for the purpose of any demonstration under this section if he determines that such requirements inhibit such demonstration.

The Secretary shall include in any demonstration under this section an evaluation of the demonstration to cover the full experience involved in all stages of the demonstration.

(Pub. L. 91–609, title V, §506, as added Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, §814, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 738; amended Pub. L. 99–386, title I, §105(b), Aug. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 822.)

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1986**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–386 struck out subsec. (c) which related to reports to Congress by Secretary not later than 6 months following close of year in which the Secretary carried out demonstration under this section.

In carrying out activities under section 1701z–1 of this title, the Secretary may undertake special demonstrations to determine the housing design, the housing structure, and the housing-related facilities, and amenities most effective or appropriate to meet the needs of groups with special housing needs including the elderly, the handicapped, the displaced, single individuals, broken families, and large households. For this purpose, the Secretary is authorized to enter into contracts with, to make grants to, and to provide other types of assistance to individuals and entities with special competence and knowledge to contribute to the planning, development, design, and management of such housing.

In carrying out his functions under this section, the Secretary shall give preferential attention to demonstrations which in his judgment involve areas of housing user needs most neglected in past and current research and demonstration efforts.

The Secretary is authorized to undertake demonstrations involving the actual planning, development, and occupancy of housing utilizing the contract and loan authority of any federally assisted housing program. He is also authorized to set aside any development, construction, design, and occupancy requirements, for the purposes of these demonstrations, if in his judgment they inhibit the testing of housing designed to meet the special housing needs.

In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall include, as part of any demonstration, an evaluation of the demonstration to cover the full experience involved in planning, development, and occupancy.

In addition to any other contract or loan authority which the Secretary may utilize under subsection (c) of this section, not more than $10,000,000 from amounts approved in appropriation Acts shall be available for research under this section.

(Pub. L. 91–609, title V, §507, as added Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, §815, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 738.)

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Pub. L. 101–625, title V, §518, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4201, as amended by Pub. L. 102–550, title I, §124, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3709; Pub. L. 104–330, title V, §501(d)(1), Oct. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 4042, authorized Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to carry out demonstration program in low-income housing developed or operated pursuant to a contract between the Secretary and an Indian housing authority in the same manner as the demonstration program under section 222 of Pub. L. 98–181 was carried out, and further provided for funding for demonstration program, limitations, and report to Congress, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §582(a)(7), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2643.

Pub. L. 98–181, title II, §225, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1191, provided that:

“(a) The Congress finds that—

“(1) the Department of Health and Human Services spends in excess of $5,000,000,000 annually for housing in the form of allowances for shelter for public assistance recipients;

“(2) States administering the Department of Health and Human Services public assistance program often specify shelter allowances that have little relationship to the cost or the quality of the housing in which public assistance recipients live;

“(3) at least 30 per centum of public assistance recipients live in substandard housing;

“(4) the older rental buildings in which many public assistance recipients live are in those neighborhoods that need the assistance of the programs of the Department of Housing and Urban Development for preservation and rehabilitation; and

“(5) there is the potential for improving housing for many lower income families by coordinating State and local government efforts in order to assure that families receiving public assistance payments from the Department of Health and Human Services are able to live in decent, safe, and sanitary housing.

“(b) The purpose of this section, therefore, is to provide assistance to units of general local government and their designated agencies in order to develop a program that will—

“(1) encourage the upgrading of housing occupied primarily by lower income families, including families receiving assistance under the aid for families with dependent children program established under title IV of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.]; and

“(2) provide for better coordination at the local level of the efforts to assist families receiving public assistance from the Department of Health and Human Services so that these families will be able to occupy affordable housing that is decent, safe, and sanitary and that, if necessary, is rehabilitated with funds provided by the Department of Housing and Urban Development.

“(c) The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (hereafter referred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall, to the extent approved in appropriation Acts, establish and maintain a demonstration project to carry out the purpose described in subsection (b).

“(d) In carrying out such project, the Secretary shall make grants to units of general local government, or designated agencies thereof, to carry out administrative plans approved by the Secretary in accordance with subsection (e), and the Secretary may make grants to States to provide technical assistance for the purpose of assisting such units of general local government to develop and carry out such plans.

“(e)(1) Grants may be made to States and units of general local government and agencies thereof that apply for them in a manner and at a time determined by the Secretary and that, in the case of units of general local government and their agencies, are selected on the basis of an administrative plan described in such application.

“(2) No such administrative plan shall be selected by the Secretary unless it sets forth a plan for local government activities that are designed to—

“(A) require or encourage owners of rental housing occupied by lower income families to bring such housing into compliance with local housing codes;

“(B) provide technical assistance, loans, or grants to assist owners described in subparagraph (A) to undertake cost-effective improvements of such housing;

“(C) work with the State to establish and implement a schedule of local shelter allowances for recipients of assistance under title IV of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.] based on building quality that will be applicable to buildings involved in this program; and

“(D) coordinate local housing inspection, housing rehabilitation loan or grant assistance, rental assistance, and social service programs for the purpose of improving the quality and affordability of housing for lower income families.

“(3) Funds received from any grant made by the Secretary to a unit of general local government shall be made available for use according to the administrative plans and may be used for—

“(A) technical assistance or financial assistance to property owners to upgrade housing projects described in paragraph (2)(A) of this subsection;

“(B) temporary rental assistance to families who live in buildings assisted under this program and who are eligible for, but are not receiving, assistance under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f], except that such families shall not include families receiving assistance under title IV of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.], and the amount of such rental assistance may not exceed 20 per centum of each grant received under this section;

“(C) housing counseling and referral and other housing related services;

“(D) expenses incurred in administering the program carried out with funds received under this section, except that such expenses may not exceed 10 per centum of the grant received under this section; and

“(E) other appropriate activities that are consistent with the purposes of this section and that are approved by the Secretary.

“(f) Any recipient of a grant from the Secretary under this section shall agree to—

“(1) contribute to the program an amount equal to 15 per centum of the funds received from the Secretary under this section, and the Secretary shall permit the recipient to meet this requirement by the contribution of the value of services carried out specifically in connection with the program assisted under this section;

“(2) permit the Secretary and the General Accounting Office [now Government Accountability Office] to audit its books in order to assure that the funds received under this section are used in accordance with the section; and

“(3) other terms and conditions prescribed by the Secretary for the purpose of carrying out this section in an effective and efficient manner.

“(g) In making grants available under this section, the Secretary shall select as recipients at least 20 units of general local government (or their designated agencies). The selection of proposals for funding shall be based on criteria that result in a selection of projects that will enable the Secretary to carry out the purpose of this section in an effective and efficient manner and provide a sufficient amount of data necessary to make an evaluation of the demonstration project carried out under this section.

“(h)(1) Not later than June 1, 1984, the Secretary shall transmit to the Congress an interim report on the implementation of the demonstration under this section.

“(2) The Secretary shall transmit, not later than October 1, 1985, to both Houses of the Congress a detailed report concerning the findings and conclusions that have been reached by the Secretary as a result of carrying out this section, along with any legislative recommendations that the Secretary determines are necessary.

“(i) To carry out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated not to exceed $10,000,000 during fiscal year 1984, and not to exceed $15,000,000 during fiscal year 1985, to remain available until expended.”

Pub. L. 98–181, title II, §222, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1188, as amended by Pub. L. 100–242, title I, §117, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1826; Pub. L. 100–628, title X, §1002, Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3263; Pub. L. 101–625, title V, §517, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4200; Pub. L. 102–550, title I, §123, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3709, which authorized Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to carry out demonstration program of making grants to nonprofit organizations to assist in providing early childhood development services in or near lower income housing projects, and required report to Congress setting forth findings and conclusions not later than three years after Feb. 5, 1988, was repealed by Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §582(a)(6), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2643.

Pub. L. 96–399, title II, §209, Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1635, provided that:

“(a) This section may be cited as the ‘Public Housing Anti-Crime Amendments of 1980’.

“(b) The Congress finds that—

“(1) public housing and surrounding neighborhoods continue to suffer substantially from rising crime and the fear of crime;

“(2) funding to provide more security for public housing can be used to leverage funding from other sources and thereby produce more successful anti-crime efforts;

“(3) the effects of inflation and the need for reductions in the budget of the Federal Government result in a need for more co-targeting of Federal and local anti-crime resources;

“(4) as authorized by the Public Housing Security Demonstration Act of 1978 [set out below], the Urban Initiatives Anti-Crime Program has performed in a promising manner; and

“(5) the First Annual Report to Congress of the Urban Initiatives Anti-Crime Program and the two General Accounting Office [now Government Accountability Office] reports to Congress on such Program have provided useful suggestions which can now be implemented.

“(c) It is, therefore, the purpose of this section to continue the efforts of the Urban Initiatives Anti-Crime Program so that more progress can be made in providing secure, decent, safe, and sanitary dwelling units for low-income and elderly tenants in public housing projects.

“(d) [This subsection amended section 207 of Pub. L. 95–557, set out below.].”

Pub. L. 95–557, title II, §207, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2093, as amended by Pub. L. 96–399, title II, §209(d), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1635; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §201(i), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2228; Pub. L. 103–82, title IV, §405(c), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 921, provided that:

“(a) This section may be cited as the ‘Public Housing Security Demonstration Act of 1978’.

“(b)(1) The Congress finds that—

“(A) low-income and elderly public housing residents of the Nation have suffered substantially from rising crime and violence, and are being threatened as a result of inadequate security arrangements for the prevention of physical violence, theft, burglary, and other crimes;

“(B) older persons generally regard the fear of crime as the most serious problem in their lives, to the extent that one-fourth of all Americans over 65 voluntarily restrict their mobility because of it;

“(C) crime and the fear of crime have led some residents to move from public housing projects;

“(D) an integral part of successfully providing decent, safe, and sanitary dwellings for low-income persons is to insure that the housing is secure;

“(E) local public housing authorities may have inadequate security arrangements for the prevention of crime and vandalism; and

“(F) action is needed to provide for the security of public housing residents and to preserve the Nation's investment in its public housing stock.

“(2) It is, therefore, declared to be the policy of the United States to provide for a demonstration and evaluation of effective means of mitigating crime and vandalism in public housing projects, in order to provide a safe living environment for the residents, particularly the elderly residents, of such projects.

“(c)(1) The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall promptly initiate and carry out during the fiscal year beginning on October 1, 1978, to the extent approved in appropriation Acts, a program for the development, demonstration, and evaluation of improved, innovative community anticrime and security methods, concepts and techniques which will mitigate the level of crime in public housing projects and their surrounding neighborhoods.

“(2) In selecting public housing projects to receive assistance under this section, the Secretary shall assure that a broad spectrum of project types, locations and tenant populations are represented and shall consider at least the following: the extent of crime and vandalism currently existing in the projects; the extent, nature and quality of community anticrime efforts in the projects and surrounding areas; the extent, nature and quality of police and other protective services available to the projects and their tenants; the demand for public housing units in the locality, the vacancy rate, and extent of abandonment of such units; and the characteristics and needs of the public housing tenants.

“(3) In selecting the anticrime and security methods, concepts and techniques to be demonstrated under this section, the Secretary shall consider the improvement of physical security equipment or dwelling units in those projects, social and environmental design improvements, tenant awareness and volunteer programs, tenant participation and employment in providing security services, and such other measures as deemed necessary or appropriate by the Secretary. Particular attention shall be given to comprehensive community anticrime and security plans submitted by public housing authorities which (i) provide for coordination between public housing management and local law enforcement officials, or (ii) coordinate resources available to the community through programs funded by the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Labor, the Community Services Administration, and the Corporation for National and Community Service, or other Federal or State agencies.

“(4) In carrying out the provisions of this section, the Secretary shall coordinate and jointly target resources with other agencies, particularly the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Labor, the Department of Justice, the Department of the Interior, the Department of Commerce, the Department of Education, the Corporation for National and Community Service, the Community Services Administration, and State and local agencies.

“(5) In order to assess the impact of crime and vandalism in public housing projects, the Secretary may, as part of the Annual Housing Survey conducted by the Department of Housing and Urban Development or by other means, collect data on crime and vandalism and integrate the data collection with the victimization surveys undertaken by the Department of Justice and the Department of Commerce.

“(6) The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, utilize information derived from the program authorized by this section for assisting in establishing (A) guidelines to be used by public housing authorities in determining strategies to meet the security needs of tenants of public housing projects assisted under the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437 et seq.] other than under section 8 of such Act [42 U.S.C. 1437f], and (B) guidelines for improvements relating to the security of projects (and the tenants living in such projects) assisted under section 14 of such Act [42 U.S.C. 1437*l*].

“(d) The Secretary shall initiate and carry out a survey of crime and vandalism existing in the Nation's public housing projects. The survey shall include the nature, extent and impact of crime and vandalism and the nature and extent of resources currently available and employed to alleviate crime and vandalism in public housing.

“(e) The Secretary shall report to the Congress not later than eighteen months after the date of enactment of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1980 [Oct. 8, 1980]. Such report shall include the results of the survey on crime and vandalism in public housing; findings from the demonstration and evaluation of various methods of reducing the level of crime; and legislative recommendations, if appropriate for (A) a comprehensive program to increase security in public housing projects and (B) increasing the coordination between anticrime programs of other State and Federal agencies that may be used by public housing authorities. Any recommendations shall include estimated costs of such programs.

“(f) Of the additional authority approved in appropriation Acts with respect to entering into annual contributions contracts under section 5(c) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437c(c)] for the fiscal year beginning on October 1, 1978, the Secretary may utilize up to $12,000,000 of such authority in the fiscal year beginning on October 1, 1978, for the establishment of the public housing security demonstration program authorized by this section. Of the authority approved in appropriation Acts for the purpose of entering into annual contributions contracts under section 5(c) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 with respect to the fiscal year beginning on October 1, 1980, the Secretary may enter into contracts to carry out this section, except that the aggregate amount obligated over the duration of such contracts may not exceed $10,000,000.”

(a) In carrying out activities under section 1701z–1 of this title, the Secretary is directed to undertake programs of studies and demonstrations within at least three standard metropolitan statistical areas to determine the extent of need for and cost effectiveness of providing pre-purchase, default and delinquency counseling and related services to owners and purchasers of single-family dwellings insured or to be insured under the unsubsidized mortgage insurance programs of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.].

(b) Within one year from August 3, 1976, the Secretary shall submit an interim report to the Congress with respect to the progress made under such studies and demonstrations, including an estimate as to the date when a final report on the results of such demonstrations will be made available to the Congress.

(Pub. L. 91–609, title V, §508, as added Pub. L. 94–375, §26, Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1078.)

The National Housing Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, as amended, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1701 of this title and Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

The Secretary shall undertake a national demonstration program designed to test the feasibility and effectiveness of various forms of financial assistance for encouraging the installation or implementation of approved energy conservation measures and approved renewable-resource energy measures in existing dwelling units. The Secretary shall carry out such demonstration program with a view toward recommending a national program or programs designed to reduce significantly the consumption of energy in existing dwelling units.

The Secretary is authorized to make financial assistance available pursuant to this section in the form of grants, low-interest-rate loans, interest subsidies, loan guarantees, and such other forms of assistance as the Secretary deems appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section. Assistance may be made available to both owners of dwelling units and tenants occupying such units.

In carrying out the demonstration program required by this section, the Secretary shall—

(1) provide assistance in a wide variety of geographic areas to reflect differences in climate, types of dwelling units, and income levels of recipients in order to provide a national profile for use in designing a program which is to be operational and effective nationwide;

(2) evaluate the appropriateness of various financial incentives for different income levels of owners and occupants of existing dwelling units;

(3) take into account and evaluate any other financial assistance which may be available for the installation or implementation of energy conservation and renewable-resource energy measures;

(4) make use of such State and local instrumentalities or other public or private entities as may be appropriate in carrying out the purposes of this section in coordination with the provisions of part C of title III of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act [42 U.S.C. 6321 et seq.];

(5) consider, with respect to various forms of assistance and procedures for their application, (A) the extent to which energy conservation measures and renewable-resource energy measures are encouraged which would otherwise not have been undertaken, (B) the minimum amount of Federal subsidy necessary to achieve the objectives of a national program, (C) the costs of administering the assistance, (D) the extent to which the assistance may be encumbered by delays, redtape, and uncertainty as to its availability with respect to any particular applicant, (E) the factors which may prevent the assistance from being available in certain areas or for certain classes of persons, and (F) the extent to which fraudulent practices can be prevented; and

(6) consult with the Administrator, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, and the heads of such other Federal agencies as may be appropriate.

(1) The amount of any grant made pursuant to this section shall not exceed the lesser of—

(A) with respect to an approved energy conservation measure, (i) $400, or (ii) 20 per centum of the cost of installing or otherwise implementing such measure; and

(B) with respect to an approved renewable-resource energy measure, (i) $2,000, or (ii) 25 per centum of the cost of installing or otherwise implementing such measure.

The Secretary may, by rule, increase such percentages and amounts in the case of an applicant whose annual gross family income for the preceding taxable year is less than the median family income for the housing market area in which the dwelling unit which is to be modified by such measure is located, as determined by the Secretary. The Secretary may also modify the limitations specified in this paragraph if necessary in order to achieve the purposes of this section.

(2) No person shall be eligible for both financial assistance under this section and a credit against income tax for the same energy conservation measure or renewable-resource energy measure.

The Secretary may condition the availability of financial assistance with respect to the installation and implementation of any renewable-resource energy measure on such measure's meeting performance standards for reliability and efficiency and such certification procedures as the Secretary may, in consultation with the Administrator, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, and other appropriate Federal agencies, prescribe for the purpose of protecting consumers.

In carrying out the demonstration program required by this section, the Secretary is authorized to delegate responsibilities to, or to contract with, other Federal agencies or with such State or local instrumentalities or other public or private bodies as the Secretary may deem desirable. Such demonstration program shall be coordinated, to the extent practicable, with the State energy conservation plans as described in, and implemented pursuant to, part C of title III of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act [42 U.S.C. 6321 et seq.].

The Secretary shall submit an interim report to the Congress not later than 6 months after August 14, 1976, (and every 6 months thereafter until the final report is made under this subsection) indicating the progress made in carrying out the demonstration program required by this section and shall submit a final report to the Congress, containing findings and legislative recommendations, not later than 2 years after August 14, 1976. As part of each report made under this subsection, the Secretary shall include an evaluation, based on the criteria described in subsection (h) of this section, of each demonstration project conducted under this section.

Prior to undertaking any demonstration project under this section, the Secretary shall specify and report to the Congress the criteria by which the Secretary will evaluate the effectiveness of the project and the results to be sought.

As used in this section:

(1) The term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the Federal Energy Administration; except that after such Administration ceases to exist, such term means any officer of the United States designated by the President for purposes of this section.

(2) The term “approved”, with respect to an energy conservation measure or a renewable-resource energy measure, means any such measure which is included on a list of such measures which is published by the Administrator of the Federal Energy Administration pursuant to section 365(e)(1) of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act [42 U.S.C. 6325(e)(1)]. The Administrator may, by rule, require that an energy audit be conducted as a condition of obtaining assistance under this section for a renewable-resource energy measure.

(3) The terms “energy audit”, “energy conservation measure”, and “renewable-resource energy measure” have the meanings prescribed for such terms in section 366 of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act [42 U.S.C. 6326].

There is authorized to be appropriated, for purposes of this section, not to exceed $200,000,000. Any amount appropriated pursuant to this subsection shall remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 91–609, title V, §509, as added Pub. L. 94–385, title IV, §441, Aug. 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 1162; amended Pub. L. 95–91, title VII, §709(d), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 608.)

The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, referred to in subsecs. (c)(4) and (f), is Pub. L. 94–163, Dec. 22, 1975, 89 Stat. 871, as amended. Part C of title III of such act is classified generally to part B (§6321 et seq.) of subchapter III of chapter 77 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6201 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1977**—Subsecs. (c)(6), (e). Pub. L. 95–91 inserted “, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development,” after “the Administrator”.

Functions vested in Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under this section transferred to Secretary of Energy by section 7154(b) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Federal Energy Administration terminated and functions vested by law in Administrator thereof transferred to Secretary of Energy (unless otherwise specifically provided) by sections 7151(a) and 7293 of Title 42.

In carrying out activities under section 1701z–1 of this title, the Secretary is authorized to conduct demonstrations to determine the feasibility of expanding homeownership opportunities in urban areas and encouraging the creation and maintenance of decent, safe, and sanitary housing in such areas by utilizing techniques including, but not limited to, the conversion of multifamily housing properties to condominium or cooperative ownership by individuals and families.

(Pub. L. 91–609, title V, §510, as added Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §305(b), Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2097.)

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Section 305(c) of Pub. L. 95–557 required the Secretary to study the feasibility of underground construction of residential housing and necessary changes in housing codes and financing, and report to Congress no later than one year after Oct. 31, 1978 as to the findings and recommendations of legislative enactments as a result of the study.

(a)(1) The Secretary shall develop model rehabilitation guidelines for the voluntary adoption by States and communities to be used in conjunction with existing building codes by State and local officials in the inspection and approval of rehabilitated properties.

(2) Such guidelines shall be developed in consultation with the National Institute of Building Sciences, appropriate national organizations of agencies and officials of State and local governments, representatives of the building industry, and consumer groups, and other interested parties.

(3) The Secretary shall publish such guidelines for public comment not later than one year after October 31, 1978, and promulgate them no later than eighteen months after such date.

(4) The Secretary may furnish technical assistance to State and local governments to facilitate the use and implementation of such guidelines.

(b) The Secretary shall report to Congress not later than thirty-six months after October 31, 1978, regarding (1) actions taken by State and local governments to adopt guidelines or their equivalents, and (2) recommendations for further action.

(Pub. L. 91–609, title V, §511, as added Pub. L. 95–557, title IX, §903, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2125.)

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

The Secretary shall, not less than biennially, survey national, regional, and local economic and housing market conditions in a manner that provides data comparable to the data collected in such survey conducted in 1981.

(Pub. L. 91–609, title V, §512, as added Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §466(b), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1236.)

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall manage or dispose of multifamily housing projects that are owned by the Secretary or that are subject to a mortgage held by the Secretary in a manner that—

(1) is consistent with the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] and this section;

(2) will protect the financial interests of the Federal Government; and

(3) will, in the least costly fashion among reasonable available alternatives, address the goals of—

(A) preserving certain housing so that it can remain available to and affordable by low-income persons;

(B) preserving and revitalizing residential neighborhoods;

(C) maintaining existing housing stock in a decent, safe, and sanitary condition;

(D) minimizing the involuntary displacement of tenants;

(E) maintaining housing for the purpose of providing rental housing, cooperative housing, and homeownership opportunities for low-income persons;

(F) minimizing the need to demolish multifamily housing projects;

(G) supporting fair housing strategies; and

(H) disposing of such projects in a manner consistent with local housing market conditions.

In determining the manner in which a project is to be managed or disposed of, the Secretary may balance competing goals relating to individual projects in a manner that will further the purposes of this section.

For purposes of this section:

The term “multifamily housing project” means any multifamily rental housing project which is, or prior to acquisition by the Secretary was, assisted or insured under the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], or was subject to a loan under section 1701q of this title.

The term “subsidized project” means a multifamily housing project that, immediately prior to the assignment of the mortgage on such project to, or the acquisition of such mortgage by, the Secretary, was receiving any of the following types of assistance:

(A) Below market interest rate mortgage insurance under the proviso of section 221(d)(5) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715*l*(d)(5)].

(B) Interest reduction payments made in connection with mortgages insured under section 236 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715z–1].

(C) Direct loans made under section 1701q of this title.

(D) Assistance in the form of—

(i) rent supplement payments under section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 [12 U.S.C. 1701s],

(ii) additional assistance payments under section 236(f)(2) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715z–1(f)(2)],

(iii) housing assistance payments made under section 23 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1421b] (as in effect before January 1, 1975), or

(iv) housing assistance payments made under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f] (excluding payments made for tenant-based assistance under section 8),

if (except for purposes of section 183(c) of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1987) such assistance payments are made to more than 50 percent of the units in the project.

The term “formerly subsidized project” means a multifamily housing project owned by the Secretary that was a subsidized project immediately prior to its acquisition by the Secretary.

The term “unsubsidized project” means a multifamily housing project owned by the Secretary that is not a subsidized project or a formerly subsidized project.

A unit shall be considered affordable if—

(A) for units occupied—

(i) by very low-income families, the rent does not exceed 30 percent of 50 percent of the area median income, as determined by the Secretary, with adjustments for smaller and larger families; and

(ii) by low-income families other than very low-income families, the rent does not exceed 30 percent of 80 percent of the area median income, as determined by the Secretary, with adjustments for smaller and larger families; or

(B) the unit, or the family residing in the unit, is receiving assistance under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f].

The terms “low-income families” and “very low-income families” shall have the meanings given the terms in section 3(b) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437a(b)].

The term “preexisting tenant” means, with respect to a multifamily housing project acquired pursuant to this section by a purchaser other than the Secretary at foreclosure or after sale by the Secretary, a family that resides in a unit in the project immediately before the acquisition of the project by the purchaser.

The term “market area” means a market area determined by the Secretary.

The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

In carrying out this section, the Secretary may dispose of a multifamily housing project owned by the Secretary on a negotiated, competitive bid, or other basis, on such terms as the Secretary deems appropriate considering the low-income character of the project and consistent with the goals in subsection (a) of this section, only to a purchaser determined by the Secretary to be capable of—

(A) satisfying the conditions of the disposition plan developed under paragraph (2) for the project;

(B) implementing a sound financial and physical management program that is designed to enable the project to meet anticipated operating and repair expenses to ensure that the project will remain in decent, safe, and sanitary condition and in compliance with any standards under applicable State or local laws, rules, ordinances, or regulations relating to the physical condition of the housing and any such standards established by the Secretary;

(C) responding to the needs of the tenants and working cooperatively with tenant organizations;

(D) providing adequate organizational, staff, and financial resources to the project; and

(E) meeting such other requirements as the Secretary may determine.

Prior to the sale of a multifamily housing project that is owned by the Secretary, the Secretary shall develop an initial disposition plan for the project that specifies the minimum terms and conditions of the Secretary for disposition of the project, the initial sales price that is acceptable to the Secretary, and the assistance that the Secretary plans to make available to a prospective purchaser in accordance with this section.

In developing the initial disposition plan under this subsection for a multifamily housing project located in a market area in which at least 1 other multifamily housing project owned by the Secretary is located, the Secretary may coordinate the disposition of all such multifamily housing projects located within the same market area to the extent and in such manner as the Secretary determines appropriate to carry out the goals under subsection (a) of this section.

The initial sales price shall be reasonably related to the intended use of the project after sale, any rehabilitation requirements for the project, the rents for units in the project that can be supported by the market, the amount of rental assistance available for the project under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f], the occupancy profile of the project (including family size and income levels for tenant families), and any other factors that the Secretary considers appropriate.

In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall develop procedures—

(i) to obtain appropriate and timely input into disposition plans from officials of the unit of general local government affected, the community in which the project is situated, and the tenants of the project; and

(ii) to facilitate, where feasible and appropriate, the sale of multifamily housing projects to existing tenant organizations with demonstrated capacity, to public or nonprofit entities that represent or are affiliated with existing tenant organizations, or to other public or nonprofit entities.

To carry out the procedures developed under subparagraph (D), the Secretary may provide technical assistance, directly or indirectly, and may use amounts available for technical assistance under the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987, subtitle C of the Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990 [12 U.S.C. 4141 et seq.], subtitle B of title IV of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act [42 U.S.C. 12871 et seq.], or this section, for the provision of technical assistance under this paragraph. Recipients of technical assistance funding under the provisions referred to in this subparagraph shall be permitted to provide technical assistance to the extent of such funding under any of such provisions or under this subparagraph, notwithstanding the source of the funding.

In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall—

(A) prior to foreclosing on any mortgage held by the Secretary on any multifamily housing project, notify both the unit of general local government in which the property is located and the tenants of the property of the proposed foreclosure sale; and

(B) dispose of a multifamily housing project through a foreclosure sale only to a purchaser that the Secretary determines is capable of implementing a sound financial and physical management program that is designed to enable the project to meet anticipated operating and repair expenses to ensure that the project will remain in decent, safe, and sanitary condition and in compliance with any standards under applicable State or local laws, rules, ordinances, or regulations relating to the physical condition of the housing and any such standards established by the Secretary.

In carrying out this section, the Secretary may—

(A) contract for management services for a multifamily housing project that is owned by the Secretary (or for which the Secretary is mortgagee in possession) with for-profit and nonprofit entities and public agencies (including public housing authorities) on a negotiated, competitive bid, or other basis at a price determined by the Secretary to be reasonable, with a manager the Secretary has determined is capable of—

(i) implementing a sound financial and physical management program that is designed to enable the project to meet anticipated operating and maintenance expenses to ensure that the project will remain in decent, safe, and sanitary condition and in compliance with any standards under applicable State or local laws, rules, ordinances, or regulations relating to the physical condition of the project and any such standards established by the Secretary;

(ii) responding to the needs of the tenants and working cooperatively with tenant organizations;

(iii) providing adequate organizational, staff, and financial resources to the project; and

(iv) meeting such other requirements as the Secretary may determine; and

(B) require the owner of a multifamily housing project that is subject to a mortgage held by the Secretary to contract for management services for the project in the manner described in subparagraph (A).

In the case of multifamily housing projects that are owned by the Secretary (or for which the Secretary is mortgagee in possession), the Secretary shall—

(A) to the greatest extent possible, maintain all such occupied projects in a decent, safe, and sanitary condition and in compliance with any standards under applicable State or local laws, rules, ordinances, or regulations relating to the physical condition of the housing and any such standards established by the Secretary;

(B) to the greatest extent possible, maintain full occupancy in all such projects; and

(C) maintain all such projects for purposes of providing rental or cooperative housing.

In the case of any multifamily housing project that is subject to a mortgage held by the Secretary, the Secretary shall require the owner of the project to carry out the requirements of paragraph (2).

In disposing of multifamily housing property under this section, consistent with the goal of subsection (a)(3)(A) of this section, the Secretary shall take, separately or in combination with other actions under this subsection or subsection (f) of this section, one or more of the following actions:

In the case of multifamily housing projects that are acquired by a purchaser other than the Secretary at foreclosure or after sale by the Secretary, the Secretary may enter into contracts under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f] (to the extent budget authority is available) with owners of the projects, subject to the following requirements:

In the case of a subsidized or formerly subsidized project referred to in subparagraphs (A) through (C) of subsection (b)(2) of this section—

(i) the contract shall be sufficient to assist at least all units covered by an assistance contract under any of the authorities referred to in subsection (b)(2)(D) of this section before acquisition or foreclosure, unless the Secretary acts pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph (C);

(ii) the contract shall provide that, when a vacancy occurs in any unit in the project requiring project-based rental assistance pursuant to this subparagraph that is occupied by a family who is not eligible for assistance under such section 8 [42 U.S.C. 1437f], the owner shall lease the available unit to a family eligible for assistance under such section 8; and

(iii) the Secretary shall take actions to ensure that any unit in any such project that does not otherwise receive project-based assistance under this subparagraph remains available and affordable for the remaining useful life of the project, as defined by the Secretary; to carry out this clause, the Secretary may require purchasers to establish use or rent restrictions maintaining the affordability of such units.

In the case of a subsidized or formerly subsidized project referred to in subsection (b)(2)(D) of this section that is not subject to subparagraph (A)—

(i) the contract shall be sufficient to assist at least all units in the project that are covered, or were covered immediately before foreclosure on or acquisition of the project by the Secretary, by an assistance contract under any of the provisions referred to in such subsection, unless the Secretary acts pursuant to provisions of subparagraph (C); and

(ii) the contract shall provide that, when a vacancy occurs in any unit in the project requiring project-based rental assistance pursuant to this subparagraph that is occupied by a family who is not eligible for assistance under such section 8 [42 U.S.C. 1437f], the owner shall lease the available unit to a family eligible for assistance under such section 8.

In lieu of providing project-based assistance under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f] in accordance with subparagraph (A)(i) or (B)(i) for a project, the Secretary may, for certain units in unsubsidized projects located within the same market area as the project otherwise required to be assisted with such project-based assistance—

(I) require use and rent restrictions providing that such units shall be available to and affordable by very low-income families for the remaining useful life of the project (as defined by the Secretary), or

(II) provide project-based assistance under section 8 for such units to be occupied by only very low-income persons,

but only if the requirements under clause (ii) are met.

The requirements under this clause are that—

(I) upon the disposition of the project otherwise required to be assisted with project-based assistance under subparagraph (A)(i) or (B)(i), the Secretary shall make available tenant-based assistance under section 8 [42 U.S.C. 1437f] to low-income families residing in units otherwise required to be assisted with such project-based assistance; and

(II) the number of units subject to use restrictions or provided assistance under clause (i) shall be at least equivalent to the number of units otherwise required to be assisted with project-based assistance under section 8 in accordance with subparagraph (A)(i) or (B)(i).

Notwithstanding actions taken pursuant to subparagraph (C), in the case of unsubsidized projects, the contract shall be sufficient to provide—

(i) project-based rental assistance for all units that are covered, or were covered immediately before foreclosure or acquisition, by an assistance contract under—

(I) the new construction and substantial rehabilitation program under section 8(b)(2) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f(b)(2)] (as in effect before October 1, 1983);

(II) the property disposition program under section 8(b) of such Act;

(III) the project-based certificate program under section 8 of such Act;

(IV) the moderate rehabilitation program under section 8(e)(2) of such Act;

(V) section 23 of such Act [42 U.S.C. 1421b] (as in effect before January 1, 1975);

(VI) the rent supplement program under section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 [12 U.S.C. 1701s]; or

(VII) section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937, following conversion from assistance under section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965; and

(ii) tenant-based assistance under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 for families that are preexisting tenants of the project in units that, immediately before foreclosure or acquisition of the project by the Secretary, were covered by an assistance contract under the loan management set-aside program under section 8(b) of the United States Housing Act of 1937.

In the case of multifamily housing projects that are acquired by a purchaser other than the Secretary at foreclosure or after sale by the Secretary, the Secretary may enter into annual contribution contracts with public housing agencies to provide tenant-based assistance under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f] on behalf of all low-income families who are otherwise eligible for assistance in accordance with subparagraph (A), (B), or (D) of paragraph (1) on the date that the project is acquired by the purchaser, subject to the following requirements:

The Secretary may not take action under this paragraph unless the Secretary determines that there is available in the area an adequate supply of habitable, affordable housing for very low-income families and other low-income families using tenant-based assistance.

The Secretary may not take actions under this paragraph in connection with units in subsidized or formerly subsidized projects for more than 10 percent of the aggregate number of units in such projects disposed of by the Secretary in any fiscal year.

In accordance with the authority provided under the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], the Secretary may provide other assistance pursuant to subsection (f) of this section to the owners of multifamily housing projects that are acquired by a purchaser other than the Secretary at foreclosure, or after sale by the Secretary, on terms that ensure that—

(i) at least the units in the project otherwise required to receive project-based assistance pursuant to subparagraphs (A), (B), or (D) of paragraph (1) are available to and affordable by low-income persons; and

(ii) for the remaining useful life of the project, as defined by the Secretary, there shall be in force such use or rent restrictions as the Secretary may prescribe.

If, as a result of actions taken pursuant to this paragraph, the rents charged to any very low-income families residing in the project who are otherwise required (pursuant to subparagraph (A), (B), or (D) of paragraph (1)) to receive project-based assistance under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f] exceed the amount payable as rent under section 3(a) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437a(a)], the Secretary shall provide tenant-based assistance under section 8 of such Act to such families.

In addition to the actions required under subsection (e) of this section for a subsidized, formerly subsidized, or unsubsidized multifamily housing project, the Secretary may, pursuant to the disposition plan and the goals in subsection (a) of this section, take one or more of the following actions:

In accordance with the authority provided under the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], the Secretary may reduce the selling price of the project. Such reduced sales price shall be reasonably related to the intended use of the property after sale, any rehabilitation requirements for the project, the rents for units in the project that can be supported by the market, the amount of rental assistance available for the project under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f], the occupancy profile of the project (including family size and income levels for tenant families), and any other factors that the Secretary considers appropriate.

The Secretary may require certain units in a project to be subject to use or rent restrictions providing that such units will be available to and affordable by low- and very low-income persons for the remaining useful life of the property, as defined by the Secretary.

The Secretary may provide short-term loans to facilitate the sale of a multifamily housing project if—

(A) authority for such loans is provided in advance in an appropriation Act;

(B) such loan has a term of not more than 5 years;

(C) the Secretary determines, based upon documentation provided to the Secretary, that the borrower has obtained a commitment of permanent financing to replace the short-term loan from a lender who meets standards established by the Secretary; and

(D) the terms of such loan are consistent with prevailing practices in the marketplace or the provision of such loan results in no cost to the Government, as defined in section 661a of title 2.

If the Secretary determines that action under this paragraph is more cost-effective than establishing rents pursuant to subsection (h)(2) of this section, the Secretary may utilize the budget authority provided for contracts issued under this section for project-based assistance under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f] to (in addition to providing project-based section 8 rental assistance) provide up-front grants for the necessary cost of rehabilitation and other related development costs. This paragraph shall be effective during fiscal years 2006 through 2010 only to the extent that such budget authority is made available for use under this paragraph in advance in appropriation Acts.

The Secretary may make available tenant-based assistance under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 to families residing in a multifamily housing project that do not otherwise qualify for project-based assistance.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, after providing notice to and an opportunity for comment by preexisting tenants, the Secretary may allow not more than—

(i) 10 percent of the total number of units in multifamily housing projects that are disposed of by the Secretary during any fiscal year to be made available for uses other than rental or cooperative uses, including low-income homeownership opportunities, or in any particular project, community space, office space for tenant or housing-related service providers or security programs, or small business uses, if such uses benefit the tenants of the project; and

(ii) 5 percent of the total number of units in multifamily housing projects that are disposed of by the Secretary during any fiscal year to be used in any manner, if the Secretary and the unit of general local government or area-wide governing body determine that such use will further fair housing, community development, or neighborhood revitalization goals.

The Secretary may take actions under subparagraph (A) only if—

(i) tenant-based rental assistance under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f] is made available to each eligible family residing in the project that is displaced as a result of such actions; and

(ii) the Secretary determines that sufficient habitable, affordable rental housing is available in the market area in which the project is located to ensure use of such assistance.

Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (e) of this section, the Secretary may, pursuant to an agreement under subparagraph (B), transfer a multifamily housing project—

(i) to a public housing agency for use of the project as public housing; or

(ii) to an entity eligible to own or operate housing assisted under section 1701q of this title or under section 811 of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act [42 U.S.C. 8013] for use as supportive housing under either of such sections.

An agreement providing for the transfer of a project described in subparagraph (A) shall—

(i) contain such terms, conditions, and limitations as the Secretary determines appropriate, including requirements to ensure use of the project as public housing, supportive housing under section 1701q of this title, or supportive housing under section 811 of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act [42 U.S.C. 8013], as applicable; and

(ii) ensure that no tenant of the project will be displaced as a result of actions taken under this paragraph.

Notwithstanding any provision of section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f], the Secretary may provide project-based assistance in accordance with subsection (e) of this section to support the rebuilding of a multifamily housing project rebuilt or to be rebuilt (in whole or in part and on-site, off-site, or in a combination of both) in connection with disposition under this section, if the Secretary determines that—

(A) the project is not being maintained in a decent, safe, and sanitary condition;

(B) rebuilding the project would be less expensive than substantial rehabilitation;

(C) the unit of general local government in which the project is located approves the rebuilding and makes a financial contribution or other commitment to the project; and

(D) the rebuilding is a part of a local neighborhood revitalization plan approved by the unit of general local government.

The provisions of subsection (j)(2) of this section shall apply to any tenants of the project who are displaced.

The Secretary may make arrangements with State agencies and units of general local government of States receiving emergency assistance under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.] for the provision of assistance under such Act [42 U.S.C. 301 et seq.] on behalf of eligible families who would reside in any multifamily housing projects.

For each multifamily housing project disposed of under this section, the Secretary shall require that, for any very low-income family who is a preexisting tenant of the project who (upon disposition) would be required to pay rent in an amount in excess of 30 percent of the adjusted income (as such term is defined in section 3(b) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437a(b)]) of the family—

(1) for a period of 2 years beginning upon the date of the acquisition of the project by the purchaser under such disposition, the rent for the unit occupied by the family may not be increased above the rent charged immediately before acquisition;

(2) such family shall be considered displaced for purposes of any system of preferences established pursuant to section 6(c)(4)(A),1 8(d)(1)(A), or 8(*o*)(6)(A) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437d(c)(4)(A), 1437f(d)(1)(A), and 1437f(*o*)(6)(A)]; and

(3) notice shall be provided to such family, not later than the date of the acquisition of the project by the purchaser—

(A) of the requirements under paragraphs (1) and (2); and

(B) that, after the expiration of the period under paragraph (1), the rent for the unit occupied by the family may be increased.

Contracts for project-based rental assistance under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f] provided pursuant to this section shall be subject to the following requirements:

The contract shall have a term of 15 years, except that the term may be less than 15 years—

(A) to the extent that the Secretary finds that, based on the rental charges and financing for the multifamily housing project to which the contract relates, the financial viability of the project can be maintained under a contract having such a term; except that the Secretary shall require that the amount of rent payable by tenants of the project for units assisted under such contract shall not exceed the amount payable for rent under section 3(a) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437a(a)] for a period of at least 15 years; or

(B) if such assistance is provided—

(i) under a contract authorized under section 6 of the HUD Demonstration Act of 1993; and

(ii) pursuant to a disposition plan under this section for a project that is determined by the Secretary to be otherwise in compliance with this section.

The Secretary shall establish the contract rents under such contracts at levels that, together with other resources available to the purchasers, provide sufficient amounts for the necessary costs of rehabilitating and operating the multifamily housing project and do not exceed the percentage of the existing housing fair market rentals for the market area in which the project assisted under the contract is located as determined by the Secretary under section 8(c) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f(c)].

Not later than 30 days after the Secretary acquires title to a multifamily housing project, the Secretary shall notify the appropriate unit of general local government (including public housing agencies) and State agency or agencies designated by the chief executive officer of the State in which the project is located of such acquisition of title and that, for a period beginning upon such notification that does not exceed 90 days, such unit of general local government and agency or agencies shall have the exclusive right under this subsection to make bona fide offers to purchase the project.

During the 90-day period, the Secretary may not sell or offer to sell the multifamily housing project other than to a party notified under paragraph (1), unless the unit of general local government and the designated State agency or agencies notify the Secretary that they will not make an offer to purchase the project. The Secretary shall accept a bona fide offer to purchase the project made during such period if it complies with the terms and conditions of the disposition plan for the project or is otherwise acceptable to the Secretary.

The Secretary shall establish any procedures necessary to carry out this subsection.

Whenever tenants will be displaced as a result of the demolition of, repairs to, or conversion in the use of, a multifamily housing project that is owned by the Secretary (or for which the Secretary is mortgagee in possession), the Secretary shall identify tenants who will be displaced, and shall notify all such tenants of their pending displacement and of any relocation assistance that may be available. In the case of a multifamily housing project that is subject to a mortgage held by the Secretary, the Secretary shall require the owner of the project to carry out the requirements of this paragraph, if the Secretary has authorized the demolition of, repairs to, or conversion in the use of such multifamily housing project.

The Secretary shall ensure for any such tenant (who continues to meet applicable qualification standards) the right—

(A) to return, whenever possible, to a repaired or rebuilt unit;

(B) to occupy a unit in another multifamily housing project owned by the Secretary;

(C) to obtain housing assistance under the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437 et seq.]; or

(D) to receive any other available similar relocation assistance as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

The Secretary may not approve the sale of any loan or mortgage held by the Secretary (including any loan or mortgage owned by the Government National Mortgage Association) on any subsidized project or formerly subsidized project, unless such sale is made as part of a transaction that will ensure that such project will continue to operate at least until the maturity date of such loan or mortgage, in a manner that will provide rental housing on terms at least as advantageous to existing and future tenants as the terms required by the program under which the loan or mortgage was made or insured prior to the assignment of the loan or mortgage on such project to the Secretary.

The Secretary may not approve the sale of any subsidized project—

(A) that is subject to a mortgage held by the Secretary, or

(B) if the sale transaction involves the provision of any additional subsidy funds by the Secretary or a recasting of the mortgage,

unless such sale is made as part of a transaction that will ensure that the project will continue to operate, at least until the maturity date of the loan or mortgage, in a manner that will provide rental housing on terms at least as advantageous to existing and future tenants as the terms required by the program under which the loan or mortgage was made or insured prior to the proposed sale of the project.

Notwithstanding any provision of law that requires competitive sales or bidding, the Secretary may carry out negotiated sales of mortgages held by the Secretary, without the competitive selection of purchasers or intermediaries, to units of general local government or State agencies, or groups of investors that include at least one such unit of general local government or State agency, if the negotiations are conducted with such agencies, except that—

(A) the terms of any such sale shall include the agreement of the purchasing agency or unit of local government or State agency to act as mortgagee or owner of a beneficial interest in such mortgages, in a manner consistent with maintaining the projects that are subject to such mortgages for occupancy by the general tenant group intended to be served by the applicable mortgage insurance program, including, to the extent the Secretary determines appropriate, authorizing such unit of local government or State agency to enforce the provisions of any regulatory agreement or other program requirements applicable to the related projects; and

(B) the sales prices for such mortgages shall be, in the determination of the Secretary, the best prices that may be obtained for such mortgages from a unit of general local government or State agency, consistent with the expectation and intention that the projects financed will be retained for use under the applicable mortgage insurance program for the life of the initial mortgage insurance contract.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary may sell mortgages held on projects that are not subsidized or formerly subsidized projects on such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe.

The Secretary may carry out a demonstration to test the feasibility of restructuring and disposing of troubled multifamily mortgages held by the Secretary through the establishment of partnerships with public, private, and nonprofit entities.

The Secretary may carry out a demonstration to test the feasibility of disposing of troubled multifamily housing projects that are owned by the Secretary through the establishment of partnerships with public, private, and nonprofit entities.

Not later than June 1 of each year, the Secretary shall submit to the Congress a report describing the status of multifamily housing projects owned by or subject to mortgages held by the Secretary, on an aggregate basis, which highlights the differences, if any, between the subsidized and the unsubsidized inventory. The report shall include—

(1) the average and median size of the projects;

(2) the geographic locations of the projects, by State and region;

(3) the years during which projects were assigned to the Department, and the average and median length of time that projects remain in the HUD-held inventory;

(4) the status of HUD-held mortgages;

(5) the physical condition of the HUD-held and HUD-owned inventory;

(6) the occupancy profile of the projects, including the income, family size, race, and ethnic origin of current tenants, and the rents paid by such tenants;

(7) the proportion of units that are vacant;

(8) the number of projects for which the Secretary is mortgagee in possession;

(9) the number of projects sold in foreclosure sales;

(10) the number of HUD-owned projects sold;

(11) a description of actions undertaken pursuant to this section, including a description of the effectiveness of such actions and any impediments to the disposition or management of multifamily housing projects;

(12) a description of the extent to which the provisions of this section and actions taken under this section have displaced tenants of multifamily housing projects;

(13) a description of any of the functions performed in connection with this section that are contracted out to public or private entities or to States; and

(14) a description of the activities carried out under subsection (i) of this section during the preceding year.

(Pub. L. 95–557, title II, §203, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2088; Pub. L. 96–153, title II, §208, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1109; Pub. L. 96–399, title II, §213, Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1636; Pub. L. 100–242, title I, §181, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1868; Pub. L. 100–628, title X, §1010, Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3266; Pub. L. 101–235, title II, §204(a), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2039; Pub. L. 101–625, title V, §579, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4245; Pub. L. 103–120, §6(c)(2), Oct. 27, 1993, 107 Stat. 1149; Pub. L. 103–233, title I, §101(b), Apr. 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 343; Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §514(b)(2)(C), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2548; Pub. L. 109–171, title II, §2003(b), Feb. 8, 2006, 120 Stat. 9.)

The National Housing Act, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1), (b)(1), (e)(3)(A), and (f)(1), is act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, as amended, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1701 of this title and Tables.

Section 183(c) of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1987, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(D), is section 183(c) of Pub. L. 100–242, which was set out as a note under section 1437f of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §582(a)(2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2643.

Section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965, referred to in subsecs. (b)(2)(D)(i) and (e)(1)(D)(i)(VI), (VII), is section 101 of Pub. L. 89–117, title I, Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 451, as amended, which enacted section 1701s of this title and amended sections 1451 and 1465 of Title 42.

Section 23 of the United States Housing Act of 1937, referred to in subsecs. (b)(2)(D)(iii) and (e)(1)(D)(i)(V), was classified to section 1421b of Title 42 and was omitted from the Code following the general revision of the United States Housing Act of 1937 by Pub. L. 93–383, title II, §201(a), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 653.

The Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(E), is title II of Pub. L. 100–242, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1877, which, as amended by Pub. L. 101–625, is known as the Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990, and is classified principally to subchapter I (§4101 et seq.) of chapter 42 of this title. Subtitle C of the Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990, probably means subtitle C of title II of Pub. L. 100–242, as added by Pub. L. 102–550, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§4141 et seq.) of chapter 42 of this title. Another subtitle C of title II of Pub. L. 100–242 amended sections 1472, 1485, and 1487 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4101 of this title and Tables.

The Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(E), is Pub. L. 101–625, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4079. Subtitle B of title IV of the Act is classified principally to part A (§12871 et seq.) of subchapter IV of chapter 130 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12701 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (f)(9), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 7 (§301 et seq.) of Title 42. Part A of title IV of the Act is classified generally to part A (§601 et seq.) of subchapter IV of chapter 7 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section 6(c)(4)(A) of the United States Housing Act of 1937, referred to in subsec. (g)(2), was redesignated section 6(c)(5)(A) of the Act by Pub. L. 109–162, title VI, §607(1), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3048.

Section 6 of the HUD Demonstration Act of 1993, referred to in subsec. (h)(1)(B)(i), is section 6 of Pub. L. 103–120, which is set out as a note under section 1437f of Title 42.

The United States Housing Act of 1937, as amended, referred to in subsec. (j)(2)(C), is act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 896, as revised generally by Pub. L. 93–383, title II, §201(a), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 653, which is classified generally to chapter 8 (§1437 et seq.) of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1437 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1978, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**2006**—Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 109–171 inserted at end “This paragraph shall be effective during fiscal years 2006 through 2010 only to the extent that such budget authority is made available for use under this paragraph in advance in appropriation Acts.”

**1998**—Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 105–276 substituted “any system of preferences established pursuant to section 6(c)(4)(A), 8(d)(1)(A), or 8(*o*)(6)(A)” for “the preferences for assistance under sections 6(c)(4)(A)(i), 8(d)(1)(A)(i), and 8(*o*)(3)(B)”.

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–233 amended section generally, substituting present provisions for former provisions which related, in subsec. (a) to goals, in subsec. (b) to management or disposal of property by negotiated competitive bids, in subsec. (c) to maintenance of housing projects, in subsec. (d) to financial assistance to owner, in subsec. (e) to right of first refusal, in subsec. (f) to displacement of tenants and relocation assistance, in subsec. (g) to assignment or partial payment of mortgages, in subsec. (h) to limitations on certain project, loan, and mortgage sales, in subsec. (i) to definition of multifamily housing project, in subsec. (j) to rules and regulations, in subsec. (k) to annual report describing status of projects, and in subsec. (*l*) to project-based assistance.

**1993**—Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 103–120 added subsec. (*l*).

**1990**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 101–625, §579(a), struck out “or vacant” after “moderate-income persons”.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 101–625, §579(b)(1), struck out “or are vacant (which units shall be made available for such families as soon as possible)” before semicolon at end of cl. (B).

Subsec. (d)(2), (3). Pub. L. 101–625, §579(b)(2), (3), added par. (2) and redesignated former par. (2) as (3).

**1989**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 101–235 amended subsec. (k) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (k) read as follows: “The Secretary shall annually submit to the Congress a report describing the activities carried out under subsection (e) of this section during the preceding year.”

**1988**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–628, §1010(a), substituted “occupied by low- and moderate-income persons on the date of assignment or foreclosure (whichever is greater)” for “, on the date of assignment, occupied by low- and moderate-income persons” in par. (1)(C).

Pub. L. 100–242, §181(a), substituted introductory provisions and par. (1) for former introductory provisions and par. (1) which read as follows: “It is the policy of the United States that the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Secretary’) shall manage and dispose of multifamily housing projects which are owned by the Secretary in a manner consistent with the National Housing Act and this section. The purpose of the property management and disposition program of the Department of Housing and Urban Development shall be to manage and dispose of projects in a manner which will protect the financial interests of the Federal Government and be less costly to the Federal Government than other reasonable alternatives by which the Secretary can further the goals of—

“(1) preserving the housing units so that at least those units which are occupied by low- and moderate-income persons or which are vacant, at the time of acquisition, are available to and affordable by such persons;”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 100–242, §181(b), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and redesignated former cls. (A) to (D) as cls. (i) to (iv), substituted “subject to subsection (a) of this section that is owned by the Secretary (or for which the Secretary is mortgagee in possession)” for “, owned by the Secretary”, substituted “may determine; and” for “may determine.”, and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–242, §181(c), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows: “Except where the Secretary has determined on a case-by-case basis that it would be clearly inappropriate, given the manner by which an individual project is to be managed or disposed of pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary shall seek to—

“(1) maintain all occupied multifamily housing projects owned by the Secretary in a decent, safe, and sanitary condition;

“(2) to the greatest extent possible, maintain full occupancy in all multifamily housing projects owned by the Secretary; and

“(3) maintain the project for purposes of providing rental or cooperative housing for the longest feasible period.”

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–628, §1010(b), amended third sentence of par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, third sentence read as follows: “Such contracts shall be sufficient to assist all units in subsidized or formerly subsidized projects, and all units in other projects that are occupied by lower income families eligible for assistance under such section 8 at the time of foreclosure or sale, as the case may be, and all units that are vacant at such time (which units shall be made available for such families as soon as possible).”

Pub. L. 100–242, §181(d), added subsec. (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100–628, §1010(c), amended subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (e) read as follows: “Upon receipt of a bona fide offer to purchase a project subject to subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary shall notify the local government and the State housing finance agency (or other agency or agencies designated by the Governor) of the proposed terms and conditions of the offer, including the assistance that the Secretary plans to make available to the prospective purchaser. The local government and the designated State agency shall have 90 days to match the offer and purchase the project. In administering the right of first refusal provided in this subsection, the Secretary shall offer assistance to the local government or designated State agency on terms and conditions at least as favorable as made available to the prospective purchaser. Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, a local government (including a public housing agency) or designated State agency may purchase a subsidized project or formerly subsidized project in accordance with this subsection.”

Pub. L. 100–242, §181(d)(1), (e), added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–242, §181(d)(1), (e)(1), (g)(1), redesignated former subsec. (d) as (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (i).

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 100–242, §181(f), substituted “subject to subsection (a) of this section that is owned by the Secretary (or for which the Secretary is mortgagee in possession)” for “owned by the Secretary”, and inserted at end “In the case of a multifamily housing project subject to subsection (a) of this section that is not owned by the Secretary (and for which the Secretary is not mortgagee in possession), the Secretary shall require the owner of the project to carry out the requirements of this paragraph.”

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100–242, §181(d)(1), (e)(1), redesignated former subsec. (e) as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (j).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 100–242, §181(d)(1), (e)(1), (g), added subsec. (h).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 100–628, §1010(d), (e), substituted “(excluding payments made for certificates under subsection (b)(1) or vouchers under subsection (*o*) of this section), if (except for purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (h) of this section), and section 183(c) of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1987) such housing assistance payments are made to more than 50 percent of the units in the project” for “(other than subsection (b)(1) of such section), without regard to whether such payments are made to all or a portion of the units in the project” in par. (2) (E) and added par. (4).

Pub. L. 100–242, §181(e)(1), (g)(1), (h), redesignated former subsec. (f) as (i), designated existing provisions as par. (1), and added pars. (2) and (3).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 100–242, §181(g)(1), redesignated former subsec. (g) as (j).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 100–628, §1010(f), added subsec. (k).

**1980**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–399, §213(a), in par. (1) inserted provisions respecting occupation of units by low- and moderate-income persons or units vacant at the time of acquisition, and added par. (6).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 96–399, §213(b), inserted provisions relating to the number of project units occupied by low- and moderate-income persons.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 96–399, §213(c), added par. (3).

Subsec. (d)(2)(B), (C). Pub. L. 96–399, §213(d), inserted exception for tenants of above-moderate income.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–399, §213(e), substituted provisions respecting applicability to projects assisted or insured under this chapter, or subject to loans under section 1701q of this title or section 1452b of title 42, or projects acquired by the Secretary pursuant to any other provision of law, for provisions respecting applicability to assistance under section 1715z-1 of this title, the proviso of section 1715*l*(d)(5) of this title, or section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965, and projects insured under this chapter.

**1979**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 96–153 substituted “assure for any such tenant (who continues to meet applicable qualification standards) the right” for “seek to assure the maximum opportunity for any such tenant”.

Pub. L. 109–171, title II, §2003(c), Feb. 8, 2006, 120 Stat. 9, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 1715z–11a of this title] shall not apply to any transaction that formally commences within one year prior to the enactment of this section [Feb. 8, 2006].”

Section 101(f) of Pub. L. 103–233 provided that: “The Secretary shall issue interim regulations necessary to implement the amendments made by subsections (b) through (d) [amending this section and sections 1437d and 1437f of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 11, 1994]. Such interim regulations shall take effect upon issuance and invite public comment on the interim regulations. The Secretary shall issue final regulations to implement such amendments after opportunity for such public comment, but not later than 12 months after the date of issuance of such interim regulations.”

Pub. L. 109–171, title II, §§2001, 2002, Feb. 8, 2006, 120 Stat. 7, 8, provided that:

“For purposes of this subtitle [subtitle A (§§2001–2003) of title II of Pub. L. 109–171, amending this section and section 1715z–11a of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section], the following definitions shall apply:

“(1) The term ‘affordability requirements’ means any requirements or restrictions imposed by the Secretary, at the time of sale, on a multifamily real property or a multifamily loan, such as use restrictions, rent restrictions, and rehabilitation requirements.

“(2) The term ‘discount sale’ means the sale of a multifamily real property in a transaction, such as a negotiated sale, in which the sale price is lower than the property market value and is set outside of a competitive bidding process that has no affordability requirements.

“(3) The term ‘discount loan sale’ means the sale of a multifamily loan in a transaction, such as a negotiated sale, in which the sale price is lower than the loan market value and is set outside of a competitive bidding process that has no affordability requirements.

“(4) The term ‘loan market value’ means the value of a multifamily loan, without taking into account any affordability requirements.

“(5) The term ‘multifamily real property’ means any rental or cooperative housing project of 5 or more units owned by the Secretary that prior to acquisition by the Secretary was security for a loan or loans insured under title II of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1707 et seq.].

“(6) The term ‘multifamily loan’ means a loan held by the Secretary and secured by a multifamily rental or cooperative housing project of 5 or more units that was formerly insured under title II of the National Housing Act.

“(7) The term ‘property market value’ means the value of a multifamily real property for its current use, without taking into account any affordability requirements.

“(8) The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

“(a) *l*) or 246 of the National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1713(*l*), 1715z–11), section 203 of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1978 (12 U.S.C. 1701z–11), or section 204 of the Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1997 (12 U.S.C. 1715z–11a), shall be subject to the availability of appropriations to the extent that the property market value exceeds the sale proceeds. If the multifamily real property is sold, during such fiscal years, for an amount equal to or greater than the property market value then the transaction is not subject to the availability of appropriations.

“(b)

“(c)

Section 101(a) of Pub. L. 103–233 provided that: “The Congress finds that—

“(1) the portfolio of multifamily housing project mortgages insured by the FHA is severely troubled and at risk of default, requiring the Secretary to increase loss reserves from $5,500,000,000 in 1991 to $11,900,000,000 in 1992 to cover estimated future losses;

“(2) the inventory of multifamily housing projects owned by the Secretary has more than quadrupled since 1989, and, by the end of 1994, may exceed 69,000 units;

“(3) the cost to the Federal Government of owning and maintaining multifamily housing projects escalated to $288,000,000 in fiscal year 1993;

“(4) the inventory of multifamily housing projects subject to mortgages held by the Secretary has increased dramatically, to more than 2,400 mortgages, and approximately half of these mortgages, with approximately 219,000 units, are delinquent;

“(5) the inventory of insured and formerly insured multifamily housing projects is deteriorating, potentially endangering tenants and neighborhoods; and

“(6) the current statutory framework governing the disposition of multifamily housing projects effectively impedes the Government's ability to dispose of properties, protect tenants, and ensure that projects are maintained over time.”

Section 184 of Pub. L. 100–242, as amended by Pub. L. 101–625, title V, §580, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4245, provided for establishment of demonstration program for multifamily housing disposition partnerships, together with requirements relating to participation by State housing finance agencies in sale of such housing and cooperation between Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and such agencies, as well as termination of such program at end of Sept. 30, 1991, with certain exceptions, with report to Congress required to be submitted by Secretary not later than 6 months after Sept. 30, 1991, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–233, title I, §102, Apr. 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 358.

1 See References in Text note below.

The Secretary shall require any purchaser of a multifamily housing project owned by the Secretary which is sold on or after October 1, 1978, to agree not to refuse unreasonably to lease a vacant dwelling unit in the project which rents for an amount not greater than the fair market rent for a comparable unit in the area as determined by the Secretary under section 1437f of title 42 to a holder of a certificate of eligibility under that section solely because of such prospective tenant's status as a certificate holder.

(Pub. L. 95–557, title II, §204, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2090.)

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1978, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

It is the purpose of this section to promote and extend the application of viable solar energy systems as a desirable source of energy for residential single-family and multifamily housing units.

(1) The Secretary, in carrying out programs and activities under section 1452b 1 of title 42, section 1701q of this title, and section 1437f of title 42, shall permit the installation of solar energy systems which are cost-effective and economically feasible.

(2) For the purpose of this Act, the term “solar energy system” means any addition, alteration, or improvement to an existing or new structure which is designed to utilize wind energy or solar energy either of the active type based on mechanically forced energy transfer or of the passive type based on convective, conductive, or radiant energy transfer or some combination of these types to reduce the energy requirements of that structure from other energy sources, and which is in conformity with such criteria and standards as shall be prescribed by the Secretary in consultation with the Secretary of Energy.

In carrying out subsection (b) of this section, the Secretary shall take such steps as may be necessary to encourage the installation of cost-effective and economically feasible solar energy systems in housing assisted under the programs and activities referred to in such subsection taking into account the interests of low-income homeowners and renters, including the implementation of a plan of action to publicize the availability and feasibility of solar energy systems to current or potential recipients of assistance under such programs and activities.

The Secretary shall, in conjunction with the Secretary of Energy, transmit to the Congress, within eighteen months after October 31, 1978, a report setting forth—

(1) the number of solar units which were contracted for or installed or which are on order under the provisions of subsection (b)(1) of this section during the first twelve full calendar months after October 31, 1978; and

(2) an analysis of any problems and benefits related to encouraging the use of solar energy systems in the programs and activities referred to in subsection (b) of this section.

(Pub. L. 95–557, title II, §209, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(n)(3), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2234.)

Section 1452b of title 42, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), was repealed by Pub. L. 101–625, title II, §289(b)(1), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4128.

This Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is Pub. L. 95–557, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2080, known as the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1978. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1978 Amendments note set out under section 5301 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1978, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1984**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–479 substituted “conjunction” for “conjuction” in provisions preceding par. (1).

1 See References in Text note below.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development is authorized to develop and implement a demonstration program utilizing lower cost building technology for projects located on inner-city vacant land.

(Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §339C, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 417.)

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1981 and also as part of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Section effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as a note under section 3701 of this title.

When the existing water supply does not meet the minimum property standards established by the Department of Housing and Urban Development and a permanent alternative acceptable water supply is not available, a continuous supply of water may be provided through the use of approved residential water treatment equipment or a water purification unit that provides bacterially and chemically safe drinking water.

A performance-based approval of the equipment or unit and the maintenance, monitoring, and replacement plan for such equipment or unit shall be certified by field offices of the Department of Housing and Urban Development based upon general standards recognized by the Department as modified for local or regional conditions. As a part of such approved plan, a separate monthly escrow account may be required to be established through the lender to cover the cost of the approved yearly maintenance and monitoring schedule and projected replacement of the equipment or unit.

(Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §424, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1915.)

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1987, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Not later than 6 months after October 24, 1992, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (hereafter referred to as the “Secretary”) shall establish an energy efficient mortgage pilot program in 5 States, to promote the purchase of existing energy efficient residential buildings and the installation of cost-effective improvements in existing residential buildings.

The pilot program established under this subsection shall include the following criteria, where applicable:

The lender shall originate a housing loan that is insured under title II of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1707 et seq.] in accordance with the applicable requirements.

The mortgagor's base loan application shall be approved if the mortgagor's income and credit record is found to be satisfactory.

The cost of cost-effective energy efficiency improvements shall not exceed the greater of—

(i) 5 percent of the property value (not to exceed 5 percent of the limit established under section 203(b)(2)(A)) of the National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1709(b)(2)(A); 1 or

(ii) 2 percent of the limit established under section 203(b)(2)(B) of such Act [12 U.S.C. 1709(b)(2)(B)].

In any fiscal year, the aggregate number of mortgages insured pursuant to this section may not exceed 5 percent of the aggregate number of mortgages for 1- to 4-family residences insured by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under title II of the National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1707 et seq.) during the preceding fiscal year.

In granting mortgages under the pilot program established pursuant to this subsection, the Secretary shall grant mortgagees the authority—

(A) to permit the final loan amount to exceed the loan limits established under title II of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1707 et seq.] by an amount not to exceed 100 percent of the cost of the cost-effective energy efficiency improvements, if the mortgagor's request to add the cost of such improvements is received by the mortgagee prior to funding of the base loan;

(B) to hold in escrow all funds provided to the mortgagor to undertake the energy efficiency improvements until the efficiency improvements are actually installed; and

(C) to transfer or sell the energy efficient mortgage to the appropriate secondary market agency, after the mortgage is issued, but before the energy efficiency improvements are actually installed.

The Secretary shall encourage participation in the energy efficient mortgage pilot program by—

(A) making available information to lending agencies and other appropriate authorities regarding the availability and benefits of energy efficient mortgages;

(B) requiring mortgagees and designated lending authorities to provide written notice of the availability and benefits of the pilot program to mortgagors applying for financing in those States designated by the Secretary as participating under the pilot program; and

(C) requiring each applicant for a mortgage insured under title II of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1707 et seq.] in those States participating under the pilot program to sign a statement that such applicant has been informed of the program requirements and understands the benefits of energy efficient mortgages.

Not later than 9 months after October 24, 1992, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy, shall establish and implement a program for training personnel at relevant lending agencies, real estate companies, and other appropriate organizations regarding the benefits of energy efficient mortgages and the operation of the pilot program under this subsection.

Not later than 18 months after October 24, 1992, the Secretary shall prepare and submit a report to the Congress describing the effectiveness and implementation of the energy efficient mortgage pilot program as described under this subsection, and assessing the potential for expanding the pilot program nationwide.

Not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of the implementation of the energy efficient mortgage pilot program under this section, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall expand the pilot program on a nationwide basis and shall expand the program to include new residential housing, unless the Secretary determines that either such expansion would not be practicable in which case the Secretary shall submit to the Congress, before the expiration of such period, a report explaining why either expansion would not be practicable.

For purposes of this section:

(1) The term “base loan” means any mortgage loan for a residential building eligible for insurance under title II of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1707 et seq.] or title 38 that does not include the cost of cost-effective energy improvements.

(2) The term “cost-effective” means, with respect to energy efficiency improvements to a residential building, improvements that result in the total present value cost of the improvements (including any maintenance and repair expenses) being less than the total present value of the energy saved over the useful life of the improvement, when 100 percent of the cost of improvements is added to the base loan. For purposes of this paragraph, savings and cost-effectiveness shall be determined pursuant to a home energy rating report sufficient for purposes of the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or by other technically accurate methods.

(3) The term “energy efficient mortgage” means a mortgage on a residential building that recognizes the energy savings of a home that has cost-effective energy saving construction or improvements (including solar water heaters, solar-assisted air conditioners and ventilators, super-insulation, and insulating glass and film) and that has the effect of not disqualifying a borrower who, but for the expenditures on energy saving construction or improvements, would otherwise have qualified for a base loan.

(4) The term “residential building” means any attached or unattached single family residence.

This section may not be construed to affect any other programs of the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for energy-efficient mortgages. The pilot program carried out under this section shall not replace or result in the termination of such other programs.

The Secretary shall issue any regulations necessary to carry out this section not later than the expiration of the 180-day period beginning on October 24, 1992. The regulations shall be issued after notice and opportunity for public comment pursuant to the provisions of section 553 of title 5 (notwithstanding subsections (a)(2), (b)(B), and (d)(3) of such section).

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.

(Pub. L. 102–486, title I, §106, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2792; Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2123, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2839.)

The National Housing Act, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2)(A), (D), (3)(A), (4)(C), and (c)(1), is act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246. Title II of the Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§1707 et seq.) of this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1701 of this title and Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Section was formerly classified as a note under section 12712 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

**2008**—Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 110–289, §2123(1), amended subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The cost of cost-effective energy efficiency improvements shall not exceed the greater of—

“(i) 5 percent of the property value (not to exceed $8,000); or

“(ii) $4,000.”

Subsec. (a)(2)(D). Pub. L. 110–289, §2123(2), added subpar. (D).

Similar provisions were contained in Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §513, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3786.

1 So in original. There probably should be an additional closing parenthesis.

As used in this section, the term “energy efficient mortgage” has the same meaning as given that term in paragraph (24) of section 12704 of title 42.

Not later than 180 days after July 30, 2008, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, in conjunction with the Secretary of Energy and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall consult with the residential mortgage industry and States to develop recommendations to eliminate the barriers that exist to increasing the availability, use, and purchase of energy efficient mortgages, including such barriers as—

(A) the lack of reliable and accessible information on such mortgages, including estimated energy savings and other benefits of energy efficient housing;

(B) the confusion regarding underwriting requirements and differences among various energy efficient mortgage programs;

(C) the complex and time consuming process of securing such mortgages;

(D) the lack of publicly available research on the default risk of such mortgages; and

(E) the availability of certified or accredited home energy rating services.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall submit a report to Congress that—

(A) summarizes the recommendations developed under paragraph (1); and

(B) includes any recommendations for statutory, regulatory, or administrative changes that the Secretary deems necessary to institute such recommendations.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, in consultation and coordination with the Secretary of Energy, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and State Energy and Housing Finance Directors, shall carry out an education and outreach campaign to inform and educate consumers, home builders, residential lenders, and other real estate professionals on the availability, benefits, and advantages of—

(A) improved energy efficiency in housing; and

(B) energy efficient mortgages.

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out the education and outreach campaign described under paragraph (1).

(Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title IX, §2902, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2876.)

Section was enacted as part of the Foreclosure Prevention Act of 2008, and also as part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

The powers conferred by this chapter shall be exercised by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (hereinafter referred to as the “Secretary”). In order to carry out the provisions of this subchapter and subchapters II, III, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX–B, and X, the Secretary may establish such agencies, accept and utilize such voluntary and uncompensated services, utilize such Federal officers and employees, and, with the consent of the State, such State and local officers and employees, and appoint such other officers and employees as he may find necessary, and may prescribe their authorities, duties, responsibilities, and tenure and fix their compensation. The Secretary may delegate any of the functions and powers conferred upon him under this subchapter and subchapters II, III, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX–B, and X to such officers, agents, and employees as he may designate or appoint, and may make such expenditures (including expenditures for personal services and rent at the seat of government and elsewhere, for law books and books of reference, and for paper, printing, and binding) as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter and subchapters II, III, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX–B, and X, without regard to any other provisions of law governing the expenditure of public funds. All such compensation, expenses, and allowances shall be paid out of funds made available by this chapter: *Provided*, That notwithstanding any other provisions of law except provisions of law hereafter enacted expressly in limitation hereof, all expenses of the Department of Housing and Urban Development in connection with the examination and insurance of loans or investments under any subchapter of this chapter all properly capitalized expenditures, and other necessary expenses not attributable to general overhead in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles shall be considered nonadministrative and payable from funds made available by this chapter, except that, unless made pursuant to specific authorization by the Congress therefor, expenditures made in any fiscal year pursuant to this proviso, other than the payment of insurance claims and other than expenditures (including services on a contract or fee basis, but not including other personal services) in connection with the acquisition, protection, completion, operation, maintenance, improvement, or disposition of real or personal property of the Department acquired under authority of this chapter, shall not exceed 35 per centum of the income received by the Department of Housing and Urban Development from premiums and fees during the preceding fiscal year. Except with respect to subchapter III, for the purposes of this section, the term “nonadministrative” shall not include contract expenses that are not capitalized or routinely deducted from the proceeds of sales, and such expenses shall not be payable from funds made available by this chapter. The Secretary shall, in carrying out the provisions of this subchapter and subchapters II, III, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX–B, and X, be authorized, in his official capacity, to sue and be sued in any court of competent jurisdiction, State or Federal.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title I, §1, 48 Stat. 1246; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title III, §344(a), 49 Stat. 722; Mar. 28, 1941, ch. 31, §2, 55 Stat. 61; June 28, 1941, ch. 261, §6, 55 Stat. 365; Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title IV, §402, 62 Stat. 1283; Aug. 8, 1949, ch. 403, §2, 63 Stat. 576; Oct. 25, 1949, ch. 729, §2, 63 Stat. 905; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title II, §202, 65 Stat. 303; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(bb), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 507; Pub. L. 89–754, title X, §1020(g), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1296; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(1), (3), (c), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17, 18; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §202(a)(1), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2228; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §429(a), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1918; Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §133(d)(1), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2027; Pub. L. 106–74, title II, §212, Oct. 20, 1999, 113 Stat. 1073.)

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

**1999**—Pub. L. 106–74 inserted before last sentence “Except with respect to subchapter III, for the purposes of this section, the term “nonadministrative” shall not include contract expenses that are not capitalized or routinely deducted from the proceeds of sales, and such expenses shall not be payable from funds made available by this chapter.”

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–235 struck out “IX–A,” after “VIII,” wherever appearing.

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–242 struck out comma before period at end of second sentence.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–479 struck out “without regard to the provisions of other laws applicable to the employment or compensation of other officers or employees of the United States” at end of second sentence.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Department of Housing and Urban Development” and “Secretary” for “Federal Housing Administration” and “Commissioner”, respectively, wherever appearing, substituted provision for exercise of national housing powers by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for former authorization for creation of a Federal Housing Administration under a Federal Housing Commissioner appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate, and substituted “Department” for “Administration” in penultimate sentence.

**1966**—Pub. L. 89–754 inserted references to subchapter IX–B.

**1965**—Pub. L. 89–117 inserted references to subchapters V and IX–A.

**1951**—Act Sept. 1, 1951, inserted references to subchapter X.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, made technical amendments to section to reflect change in title of Administrator to Commissioner and to omit provisions relating to tenure and compensation of Commissioner.

**1949**—Joint Res. Oct. 25, 1949, inserted proviso at end of fourth sentence.

Act Aug. 8, 1949, made provisions applicable to subchapter VIII.

**1948**—Act Aug. 10, 1948, substituted “subchapters II, III, VI, and VII” for “subchapters II, III, and VI”.

**1941**—Act June 28, 1941, substituted “$12,000” for “$10,000”.

Act Mar. 28, 1941, substituted “subchapters II, III, and VI” for “subchapters II and III”.

**1935**—Act Aug. 23, 1935, inserted sentence at end.

Amendment by act June 28, 1941, effective July 1, 1941, see section 6 of act June 28, 1941.

Act Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title V, §501(a), 62 Stat. 1283, formerly cited as a credit to this section, was repealed by Pub. L. 89–554, §8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 655.

Functions, powers, and duties of Federal Housing Administration and Housing and Home Finance Agency transferred to Secretary of Housing and Urban Development who was authorized to delegate such functions, powers, and duties to such officers and employees of Department of Housing and Urban Development as Secretary may designate, see sections 3534 and 3535 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1947, eff. July 27, 1947, 12 F.R. 4981, 61 Stat. 954, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, abolished office of Federal Housing Administrator and transferred functions to Federal Housing Commissioner. It also consolidated Federal Housing Administration with other agencies into Housing and Home Finance Agency and transferred functions of Federal Loan Administrator with respect to Federal Housing Administration and its functions to Housing and Home Finance Administrator. Federal Housing Administration continued as a constituent agency within Housing and Home Finance Agency. For provisions concerning appointment and compensation of Federal Housing Commissioner, see section 3 of Reorganization Plan.

Functions, powers, and duties of National Housing Agency with respect to property, funds, and other assets which were formerly under administration of Farm Security Administration and were transferred to National Housing Agency by Ex. Ord. No. 9070, Feb. 24, 1942, 7 F.R. 1529, as amended, were abolished by section 2(a)(3) of act Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, 60 Stat. 1063, as amended, set out as a note under sections 1001 to 1005d of Title 7, Agriculture, except with respect of housing projects and such other properties and assets in process of liquidation.

Federal Housing Administration consolidated with other agencies into National Housing Agency during World War II, see Ex. Ord. No. 9070.

Functions of National Housing Agency with respect to non-farm-housing projects and other properties remaining under its jurisdiction pursuant to section 2(a)(3) of act Aug. 14, 1946, transferred to Public Housing Commissioner by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1947, §4(b), eff. July 27, 1947, 12 F.R. 4983, 61 Stat. 955, set out in the Appendix to Title 5.

Federal Housing Administration to be administered by Federal Loan Administrator within Federal Loan Agency, see Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, §402, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2730, 53 Stat. 1429 set out in the Appendix to Title 5.

Ex. Ord. No. 7058, May 29, 1935, authorized Federal Housing Administrator to adopt a seal for Federal Housing Administration, provided that copies of any books, records, papers, documents, agreements, orders, rules, or regulations of Administration were admissible in evidence equally with originals thereof, and empowered Administrator or his designee to certify or exemplify copies of any books, records, papers, or documents of Administration.

Ex. Ord. No. 7280, Jan. 28, 1936, was issued as evidence of creation of Federal Housing Administration and validated and confirmed creation thereof.

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §228, as added Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §126, 68 Stat. 809, authorized Commissioner to establish one position in GS–18, four in GS–17, and eight in GS–16 in Federal Housing Administration.

The Secretary is authorized and empowered upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, to insure banks, trust companies, personal finance companies, mortgage companies, building and loan associations, installment lending companies and other such financial institutions, which the Secretary finds to be qualified by experience or facilities and approves as eligible for credit insurance, against losses which they may sustain as a result of loans and advances of credit, and purchases of obligations representing loans and advances of credit, made by them for the purpose of (i) financing alterations, repairs, and improvements upon or in connection with existing structures or manufactured homes, and the building of new structures, upon urban, suburban, or rural real property (including the restoration, rehabilitation, rebuilding, and replacement of such improvements which have been damaged or destroyed by earthquake, conflagration, tornado, hurricane, cyclone, flood, or other catastrophe), by the owners thereof or by lessees of such real property under a lease expiring not less than six months after the maturity of the loan or advance of credit; and for the purpose of (ii) financing the purchase of a manufactured home to be used by the owner as his principal residence or financing the purchase of a lot on which to place such home and paying expenses reasonably necessary for the appropriate preparation of such lot, including the installation of utility connections, sanitary facilities, and paving, and the construction of a suitable pad, or financing only the acquisition of such a lot either with or without such preparation by an owner of a manufactured home; and for the purpose of financing the preservation of historic structures, and, as used in this section, the term “historic structures” means residential structures which are registered in the National Register of Historic Places or which are certified by the Secretary of the Interior to conform to National Register criteria; and the term “preservation” means restoration or rehabilitation undertaken for such purposes as are approved by the Secretary in regulations issued by him, after consulting with the Secretary of the Interior. Other than in connection with a manufactured home or a lot on which to place such a home (or both), in no case shall the insurance granted by the Secretary under this section to any such financial institution on loans, advances of credit, and purchases made by such financial institution for such purposes exceed 10 per centum of the total amount of such loans, advances of credit, and purchases. With respect to any loan, advance of credit, or purchase, the amount of any claim for loss on any such individual loan, advance of credit or purchase paid by the Secretary under the provisions of this section to a lending institution shall not exceed 90 per centum of such loss.

After August 2, 1954, (i) the Secretary shall not enter into contracts for insurance pursuant to this section except with lending institutions which are subject to the inspection and supervision of a governmental agency required by law to make periodic examinations of their books and accounts, and which the Secretary finds to be qualified by experience or facilities to make and service such loans, advances or purchases, and with such other lending institutions which the Secretary approves as eligible for insurance pursuant to this section on the basis of their credit and their experience or facilities to make and service such loans, advances or purchases; (ii) only such items as substantially protect or improve the basic livability or utility of properties shall be eligible for financing under this section, and therefore the Secretary shall from time to time declare ineligible for financing under this section any item, product, alteration, repair, improvement, or class thereof which he determines would not substantially protect or improve the basic livability or utility of such properties, and he may also declare ineligible for financing under this section any item which he determines is especially subject to selling abuses; and (iii) the Secretary is authorized and directed, by such regulations or procedures as he shall deem advisable, to prevent the use of any financial assistance under this section (1) with respect to new residential structures (other than manufactured homes) that have not been completed and occupied for at least six months, or (2) which would, through multiple loans, result in an outstanding aggregate loan balance with respect to the same structure exceeding the dollar amount limitation prescribed in this subsection for the type of loan involved: *Provided*, That this clause (iii) may in the discretion of the Secretary be waived with respect to the period of occupancy or completion of any such new residential structures. The Secretary is hereby authorized and directed, with respect to manufactured homes to be financed under this section, to (i) prescribe minimum property standards to assure the livability and durability of the manufactured home and the suitability of the site on which the manufactured home is to be located; and (ii) obtain assurances from the borrower that the manufactured home will be placed on a site which complies with the standards prescribed by the Secretary and with local zoning and other applicable local requirements.

The insurance authority provided under this section may be made available with respect to any existing manufactured home that has not been insured under this section if such home was constructed in accordance with the standards issued under the National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974 [42 U.S.C. 5401 et seq.] and it meets standards similar to the minimum property standards applicable to existing homes insured under subchapter II of this chapter.

Alterations, repairs, and improvements upon or in connection with existing structures may include the provision of fire safety equipment, energy conserving improvements, or the installation of solar energy systems. Alterations, repairs, and improvements upon or in connection with existing structures may also include the evaluation and reduction of lead-based paint hazards. As used in this section—

(1) the term “fire safety equipment” means any device or facility which is designed to reduce the risk of personal injury or property damage resulting from fire and is in conformity with such criteria and standards as shall be prescribed by the Secretary;

(2) the term “energy conserving improvements” means the purchase and installation of weatherization materials as defined in section 6862(9) of title 42; and 1

(3) the term “solar energy system” means any addition, alteration, or improvement to an existing or new structure which is designed to utilize wind energy or solar energy either of the active type based on mechanically forced energy transfer or of the passive type based on convective, conductive, or radiant energy transfer or some combination of these types to reduce the energy requirements of that structure from other energy sources, and which is in conformity with such criteria and standards as shall be prescribed by the Secretary in consultation with the Secretary of Energy.2

(4) the terms “evaluation”, “reduction”, and “lead-based paint hazard” have the same meanings given those terms in section 4851b of title 42.

(1) Except as provided in the last sentence of this paragraph, no insurance shall be granted under this section to any such financial institution with respect to any obligation representing any such loan, advance of credit, or purchase by it if the amount of such loan, advance of credit, or purchase exceeds—

(A)(i) $25,000 if made for the purpose of financing alterations, repairs and improvements upon or in connection with existing single-family structures; and

(ii) $25,090 if made for the purpose of financing alterations, repairs and improvements upon or in connection with existing manufactured homes;

(B) $60,000 or an average amount of $12,000 per family unit if made for the purpose of financing the alteration, repair, improvement, or conversion of an existing structure used or to be used as an apartment house or a dwelling for two or more families;

(C) $69,678 if made for the purpose of financing the purchase of a manufactured home;

(D) $92,904 if made for the purpose of financing the purchase of a manufactured home and a suitably developed lot on which to place the home; and 1

(E) $23,226 if made for the purpose of financing the purchase, by an owner of a manufactured home which is the principal residence of that owner, of a suitably developed lot on which to place that manufactured home, and if the owner certifies that he or she will place the manufactured home on the lot acquired with such loan within 6 months after the date of such loan.3

(F) $15,000 per family unit if made for the purpose of financing the preservation of an historic structure; and

(G) such principal amount as the Secretary may prescribe if made for the purpose of financing fire safety equipment for a nursing home, extended health care facility, intermediate health care facility, or other comparable health care facility.

The Secretary shall, by regulation, annually increase the dollar amount limitations in subparagraphs (A)(ii), (C), (D), and (E) (as such limitations may have been previously adjusted under this sentence) in accordance with the index established pursuant to paragraph (9).

(2) Because of prevailing higher costs, the Secretary may, by regulation, in Alaska, Guam, or Hawaii, increase any dollar amount limitation on manufactured homes or manufactured home lot loans contained in this subsection by not to exceed 40 per centum. In other areas, the maximum dollar amounts specified in subsections (b)(1)(D) and (b)(1)(E) of this section may be increased on an area-by-area basis to the extent the Secretary deems necessary, but in no case may such limits, as so increased, exceed the lesser of (A) 185 percent of the dollar amount specified, or (B) the dollar amount specified as increased by the same percentage by which 95 percent of the median one-family house price in the area (as determined by the Secretary) exceeds $67,500.

(3) No insurance shall be granted under this section to any such financial institution with respect to any obligation representing any such loan, advance of credit, or purchase by it if the term to maturity of such loan, advance of credit or purchase exceeds—

(A)(i) twenty years and thirty-two days if made for the purpose of financing alterations, repairs, and improvements upon or in connection with an existing single-family structure; and

(ii) fifteen years and thirty-two days if made for the purpose of financing alterations, repairs, and improvements upon or in connection with an existing manufactured home;

(B) twenty years and thirty-two days if made for the purpose of financing the alteration, repair, improvement or conversion of an existing structure used or to be used as an apartment house or a dwelling for two or more families;

(C) twenty years and thirty-two days (twenty-three years and thirty-two days in the case of a manufactured home composed of two or more modules) if made for the purpose of financing the purchase of a manufactured home;

(D) twenty years and thirty-two days (twenty-five years and thirty-two days in the case of a manufactured home composed of two or more modules) if made for the purpose of financing the purchase of a manufactured home and a suitably developed lot on which to place the home;

(E) twenty years and thirty-two days if made for the purpose of financing the purchase, by the owner of a manufactured home which is the principal residence of that owner, of a suitably developed lot on which to place that manufactured home;

(F) fifteen years and thirty-two days if made for the purpose of financing the preservation of an historic structure;

(G) such term to maturity as the Secretary may prescribe if made for the purpose of financing the construction of a new structure for use in whole or in part for agricultural purposes; and

(H) such term to maturity as the Secretary may prescribe if made for the purpose of financing fire safety equipment for a nursing home, extended health care facility, intermediate health care facility, or other comparable health care facility.

(4) For the purpose of this subsection—

(A) the term “developed lot” includes an interest in a condominium project (including any interest in the common areas) or a share in a cooperative association;

(B) a loan to finance the purchase of a manufactured home or a manufactured home and lot may also finance the purchase of a garage, patio, carport, or other comparable appurtenance; and

(C) a loan to finance the purchase of a manufactured home or a manufactured home and lot shall be secured by a first lien upon such home or home and lot, its furnishings, equipment, accessories, and appurtenances.

(5) No insurance shall be granted under this section to any such financial institution with respect to any obligation representing any such loan, advance of credit, or purchase by it unless the obligation has such maturity, bears such insurance premium charges, and contains such other terms, conditions, and restrictions as the Secretary shall prescribe, in order to make credit available for the purpose of this subchapter. Any such obligation with respect to which insurance is granted under this section shall bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the borrower and the financial institution.

(6)(A) Any obligation with respect to which insurance is granted under this section may be refinanced and extended in accordance with such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, but in no event for an additional amount or term in excess of any applicable maximum provided for in this subsection.

(B) The owner of a manufactured home lot purchased without assistance under this section but otherwise meeting the requirements of this section may refinance such lot under this section in connection with the purchase of a manufactured home if the borrower certifies that the home and lot is or will be his or her principal residence within six months after the date of the loan.

(C) The owner-occupant of a manufactured home or a home and lot which was purchased without assistance under this section but which otherwise meets the requirements of this section may refinance such home or home and lot under this section if the home was constructed in accordance with standards established under section 604 of the National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974 [42 U.S.C. 5403].

(7) With respect to the financing of alterations, repairs, and improvements to existing structures or the building of new structures as authorized under clause (i) of the first sentence of subsection (a) of this section, any loan broker (as defined by the Secretary) or any other party having a financial interest in the making of such a loan or advance of credit or in providing assistance to the borrower in preparing the loan application or otherwise assisting the borrower in obtaining the loan or advance of credit who knowingly (as defined in section 1735f–14(g) of this title) submits to any such financial institution or to the Secretary false information shall be subject to a civil money penalty in the amount and manner provided under section 1735f–14 of this title with respect to mortgagees and lenders under this chapter.

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(A) expires not less than 3 years after the origination date of the obligation;

(B) is renewable upon the expiration of the original 3 year term by successive 1 year terms; and

(C) requires the lessor to provide the lessee written notice of termination of the lease not less than 180 days prior to the expiration of the current lease term in the event the lessee is required to move due to the closing of the manufactured home community, and further provides that failure to provide such notice to the mortgagor in a timely manner will cause the lease term, at its expiration, to automatically renew for an additional 1 year term.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary may—

(A) deal with, complete, rent, renovate, modernize, insure, or assign or sell at public or private sale, or otherwise dispose of, for cash or credit in the Secretary's discretion, and upon such terms and conditions and for such consideration as the Secretary shall determine to be reasonable, any real or personal property conveyed to or otherwise acquired by the Secretary, in connection with the payment of insurance heretofore or hereafter granted under this subchapter, including any evidence of debt, contract, claim, personal property, or security assigned to or held by him in connection with the payment of insurance heretofore or hereafter granted under this section; and

(B) pursue to final collection, by way of compromise or otherwise, all claims assigned to or held by the Secretary and all legal or equitable rights accruing to the Secretary in connection with the payment of such insurance, including unpaid insurance premiums owed in connection with insurance made available by this subchapter.

Section 6101 of title 41 shall not be construed to apply to any contract of hazard insurance or to any purchase or contract for services or supplies on account of such property if the amount thereof does not exceed $25,000.

The power to convey and to execute in the name of the Secretary, deeds of conveyance, deeds of release, assignments and satisfactions of mortgages, and any other written instrument relating to real or personal property or any interest therein heretofore or hereafter acquired by the Secretary pursuant to the provisions of this subchapter may be exercised by an officer appointed by the Secretary without the execution of any express delegation of power or power of attorney. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prevent the Secretary from delegating such power by order or by power of attorney, in the Secretary's discretion, to any officer or agent the Secretary may appoint.

The Secretary is authorized and empowered, under such regulations as he may prescribe, to transfer to any such approved financial institution any insurance in connection with any loans and advances of credit which may be sold to it by another approved financial institution.

The Secretary is authorized to waive compliance with regulations heretofore or hereafter prescribed by him with respect to the interest and maturity of and the terms, conditions, and restrictions under which loans, advances of credit, and purchases may be insured under this section and section 1706a 4 of this title, if in his judgment the enforcement of such regulations would impose an injustice upon an insured institution which has substantially complied with such regulations in good faith and refunded or credited any excess charge made, and where such waiver does not involve an increase of the obligation of the Secretary beyond the obligation which would have been involved if the regulations had been fully complied with.

The Secretary shall fix a premium charge for the insurance hereafter granted under this section, but in the case of any obligation representing any loan, advance of credit, or purchase, such premium charge shall not exceed an amount equivalent to 1 per centum per annum of the net proceeds of such loan, advance of credit, or purchase, for the term of such obligation, and such premium charge shall be payable in advance by the financial institution and shall be paid at such time and in such manner as may be prescribed by the Secretary.

Notwithstanding paragraph (1), in the case of a loan, advance of credit, or purchase in connection with a manufactured home or a lot on which to place such a home (or both), the premium charge for the insurance granted under this section shall be paid by the borrower under the loan or advance of credit, as follows:

(A) At the time of the making of the loan, advance of credit, or purchase, a single premium payment in an amount not to exceed 2.25 percent of the amount of the original insured principal obligation.

(B) In addition to the premium under subparagraph (A), annual premium payments during the term of the loan, advance, or obligation purchased in an amount not exceeding 1.0 percent of the remaining insured principal balance (excluding the portion of the remaining balance attributable to the premium collected under subparagraph (A) and without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments).

(C) Premium charges under this paragraph shall be established in amounts that are sufficient, but do not exceed the minimum amounts necessary, to maintain a negative credit subsidy for the program under this section for insurance of loans, advances of credit, or purchases in connection with a manufactured home or a lot on which to place such a home (or both), as determined based upon risk to the Federal Government under existing underwriting requirements.

(D) The Secretary may increase the limitations on premium payments to percentages above those set forth in subparagraphs (A) and (B), but only if necessary, and not in excess of the minimum increase necessary, to maintain a negative credit subsidy as described in subparagraph (C).

Any payment for loss made to an approved financial institution under this section shall be final and incontestable after two years from the date the claim was certified for payment by the Secretary, in the absence of fraud or misrepresentation on the part of such institution, unless a demand for repurchase of the obligation shall have been made on behalf of the United States prior to the expiration of such two-year period.

The Secretary is authorized and directed to make such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter.

For purposes of this section, the term “manufactured home” includes any elder cottage housing opportunity unit that is small, freestanding, barrier-free, energy efficient, removable, and designed to be installed adjacent to an existing 1- to 4-family dwelling.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title I, §2, 48 Stat. 1246; May 28, 1935, ch. 150, §28, 49 Stat. 299; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title III, §344(b), 49 Stat. 722; Apr. 3, 1936, ch. 165, §1, 49 Stat. 1187; Apr. 17, 1936, ch. 234, §4, 49 Stat. 1234; Apr. 22, 1937, ch. 121, §2, 50 Stat. 71; Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §2, 52 Stat. 9; June 3, 1939, ch. 175, §§1, 2, 53 Stat. 804, 805; June 28, 1941, ch. 261, §§1–5, 55 Stat. 364, 365; May 26, 1942, ch. 319, §13, 56 Stat. 305; Mar. 23, 1943, ch. 21, §2, 57 Stat. 43; Oct. 15, 1943, ch. 259, §§3, 4, 57 Stat. 571; June 26, 1947, ch. 152, 61 Stat. 182; Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title I, §101(s), 62 Stat. 1275; July 15, 1949, ch. 338, title II, §201(1), 63 Stat. 421; Aug. 30, 1949, ch. 524, 63 Stat. 681; Oct. 25, 1949, ch. 729, §1(1), 63 Stat. 905; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §§101(a), 122, 64 Stat. 48, 59; Mar. 10, 1953, ch. 5, §1, 67 Stat. 4; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §§101(a), 102, 68 Stat. 590; June 30, 1955, ch. 251, §1(1), 69 Stat. 225; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title I, §101, 69 Stat. 635; Feb. 10, 1956, ch. 33, 70 Stat. 11; Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, title I, §101, 70 Stat. 1091; Pub. L. 85–104, title I, §105, July 12, 1957, 71 Stat. 297; Pub. L. 86–372, title I, §101, Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 654; Pub. L. 86–788, §2(a), Sept. 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 1028; Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §604(a), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 177; Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §101, Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 769; Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §202(a), title XI, §1108(a), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 465, 504; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (d), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17, 18; Pub. L. 90–448, title III, §308, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 509; Pub. L. 91–78, §2(a), Sept. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 125; Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §§101(a), 103(c), Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 379, 380; Pub. L. 91–432, §1(a), Oct. 2, 1970, 84 Stat. 886; Pub. L. 91–473, §1(a), Oct. 21, 1970, 84 Stat. 1064; Pub. L. 91–525, §1(a), Dec. 1, 1970, 84 Stat. 1384; Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §§101(a), 113, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1770, 1773; Pub. L. 92–503, §1(a), Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 906; Pub. L. 93–85, §1(a), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 220; Pub. L. 93–117, §1(a), Oct. 2, 1973, 87 Stat. 421; Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §§309(a)–(d), 316(a), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 680, 681, 685; Pub. L. 93–449, §4(a), Oct. 18, 1974, 88 Stat. 1366; Pub. L. 94–173, §1, Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 1027; Pub. L. 95–60, §1(a), June 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 257; Pub. L. 95–80, §1(a), July 31, 1977, 91 Stat. 339; Pub. L. 95–128, title II, §§301(a), 306, Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1131, 1134; Pub. L. 95–406, §1(a), Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 879; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §§301(a), 320, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2095, 2101; Pub. L. 95–619, title II, §241, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3228; Pub. L. 96–71, §1(a), Sept. 28, 1979, 93 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 96–105, §1(a), Nov. 8, 1979, 93 Stat. 794; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §§301(a), 313(a), Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1111, 1116; Pub. L. 96–372, §1(a), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1363; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §§301(a), 308(a)–(c)(1), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1638, 1640; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §§331(a), 338(a), 339B(c), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 412, 414, 417; Pub. L. 97–289, §1(a), Oct. 6, 1982, 96 Stat. 1230; Pub. L. 98–35, §1(a), May 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 98–109, §1(a), Oct. 1, 1983, 97 Stat. 745; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §§401(a), 404(b)(1), 415–417, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1207, 1208, 1212; Pub. L. 99–120, §1(a), Oct. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 502; Pub. L. 99–156, §1(a), Nov. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 815; Pub. L. 99–219, §1(a), Dec. 26, 1985, 99 Stat. 1730; Pub. L. 99–267, §1(a), Mar. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 73; Pub. L. 99–272, title III, §3007(a), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 104; Pub. L. 99–289, §1(b), May 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 99–345, §1, June 24, 1986, 100 Stat. 673; Pub. L. 99–430, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 986; Pub. L. 100–122, §1, Sept. 30, 1987, 101 Stat. 793; Pub. L. 100–154, Nov. 5, 1987, 101 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 100–170, Nov. 17, 1987, 101 Stat. 914; Pub. L. 100–179, Dec. 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 1018; Pub. L. 100–200, Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §401(b), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1898; Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §134(a), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2027; Pub. L. 101–625, title III, §340(b)(1), (c), title VIII, §806(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4147, 4323; Pub. L. 102–389, title II, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1592, 1593; Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §503(c)(1), title X, §1012(k)(1), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3779, 3906; Pub. L. 106–569, title IX, §901, Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 3026; Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §§2143, 2144(a), 2145–2148(a), 2150, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2844–2848.)

The National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (a), is title VI of Pub. L. 93–383, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 700, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 70 (§5401 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5401 of Title 42 and Tables.

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b)(7), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, as amended, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Section 1706a of this title, referred to in subsec. (e), was repealed by act June 3, 1939, ch. 175, §3, 53 Stat. 805, eff. July 1, 1939.

In subsec. (c)(2), “Section 6101 of title 41” substituted for “Section 3709 of the Revised Statutes” on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

References to “mobile homes”, wherever appearing in text, were changed to “manufactured homes” in view of the amendment of the National Housing Act by section 308(c)(1) of Pub. L. 96–399 requiring the substitution of “manufactured home” for “mobile home” wherever appearing in the National Housing Act, and section 339B(c) of Pub. L. 97–35 (set out below) providing that the terms “mobile home” and “manufactured home” shall be deemed to include the terms “mobile homes” and “manufactured homes”, respectively.

**2008**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–289, §2147(a), in first undesignated par., struck out “on and after July 1, 1939,” after “made by them” and after “institution for such purposes” and struck out “made after August 2, 1954” after “credit, or purchase”.

Pub. L. 110–289, §2143, in first undesignated par., substituted “Other than in connection with a manufactured home or a lot on which to place such a home (or both), in no case” for “In no case” and “. With” for “: *Provided*, That with”.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–289, §2145(c), substituted “Except as provided in the last sentence of this paragraph, no” for “No” in introductory provisions and inserted concluding provisions.

Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 110–289, §2145(a)(1), substituted “$25,090” for “$17,500”.

Subsec. (b)(1)(C) to (E). Pub. L. 110–289, §2145(a)(2)–(5), realigned margins and substituted “$69,678” for “$48,600” in subpar. (C), “$92,904” for “$64,800” in subpar. (D), and “$23,226” for “$16,200” in subpar. (E).

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 110–289, §2144(a), added par. (8).

Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 110–289, §2145(b), added par. (9).

Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 110–289, §2148(a), added par. (10).

Subsec. (b)(11). Pub. L. 110–289, §2150, added par. (11).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–289, §2147(b), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) related to the Secretary's powers with respect to any debt, contract, claim, personal property, or security assigned or held in connection with the payment of insurance.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–289, §2146, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, and added par. (2).

**2000**—Subsec. (b)(3)(E). Pub. L. 106–569 substituted “twenty years” for “fifteen years”.

**1992**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–550, §1012(k)(1), which directed amendment of fifth undesignated par. by inserting “Alterations, repairs, and improvements upon or in connection with existing structures may also include the evaluation and reduction of lead-based paint hazards.”, and by adding par. (4), was executed to fourth undesignated par. to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (b)(1)(C) to (E). Pub. L. 102–550, §503(c)(1), added subpars. (C) to (E) and struck out former subpars. (C) to (E) which read as follows:

“(C) 70 percent of the median 1-family house price in the area, as determined by the Secretary under section 1709(b)(2) of this title, if made for the purpose of financing the purchase of a manufactured home;

“(D) 80 percent of the median 1-family house price in the area, as determined by the Secretary under section 1709(b)(2) of this title, if made for the purpose of financing the purchase of a manufactured home and a suitably developed lot on which to place the home;

“(E) the greater of (i) 20 percent of the median 1-family house price in the area, as determined by the Secretary under section 1709(b)(2) of this title, or (ii) $13,500, if made for the purpose of financing the purchase, by an owner of a manufactured home which is the principal residence of the owner, of a suitably developed lot on which to place that manufactured home, and if the owner certifies that the owner will place the manufactured home on the lot acquired with such loan within 6 months after the date of such loan;”.

Pub. L. 102–389 added subpars. (C) to (E) and struck out former subpars. (C) to (E) which read as follows:

“(C) $40,500 if made for the purpose of financing the purchase of a manufactured home;

“(D) $54,000 if made for the purpose of financing the purchase of a manufactured home and a suitably developed lot on which to place the home;

“(E) $13,500, if made for the purpose of financing the purchase, by an owner of a manufactured home which is the principal residence of that owner, of a suitably developed lot on which to place that manufactured home, and if the owner certifies that he or she will place the manufactured home on the lot acquired with such loan within six months after the date of such loan;”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–389 substituted “but in no case may such limits, as so increased, exceed the lesser of (A) 185 percent of the dollar amount specified, or (B) the dollar amount specified as increased by the same percentage by which 95 percent of the median one-family house price in the area (as determined by the Secretary) exceeds $67,500” for “but not to exceed the percentage by which the maximum mortgage amount of a one-family residence in the area is increased by the Secretary under section 1709(b)(2) of this title”.

**1990**—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 101–625, §340(b)(1)(A), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: “$17,500 ($20,000 where financing the installation of a solar energy system is involved) if made for the purpose of financing alterations, repairs and improvements upon or in connection with existing single-family structures or manufactured homes;”.

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 101–625, §340(b)(1)(B), substituted “$60,000 or an average amount of $12,000 per family unit” for “$43,750 or an average amount of $8,750 per family unit ($50,000 and $10,000, respectively, where financing the installation of a solar energy system is involved)”.

Subsec. (b)(3)(A). Pub. L. 101–625, §340(c)(1), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: “fifteen years and thirty-two days if made for the purpose of financing alterations, repairs, and improvements upon or in connection with an existing single-family structure or manufactured home;”.

Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Pub. L. 101–625, §340(c)(2), substituted “twenty years” for “fifteen years”.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 101–625, §806(a), added subsec. (i).

**1989**—Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 101–235 added par. (7).

**1988**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–242 struck out “and not later than March 15, 1988,” after “made by them on or after July 1, 1939,”.

**1987**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–200 substituted “March 15, 1988” for “December 16, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–179 substituted “December 16, 1987” for “December 2, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–170 substituted “December 2, 1987” for “November 15, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–154 substituted “November 15, 1987” for “October 31, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–122 substituted “October 31, 1987” for “September 30, 1987”.

**1986**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–430 substituted “September 30, 1987” for “September 30, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–345 substituted “September 30, 1986” for “June 6, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–289 substituted “June 6, 1986” for “April 30, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–272 made amendment identical to Pub. L. 99–219. See 1985 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 99–267 substituted “April 30, 1986” for “March 17, 1986”.

**1985**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–219 substituted “not later than March 17, 1986” for “prior to December 16, 1985”.

Pub. L. 99–156 substituted “December 16, 1985” for “November 15, 1985”.

Pub. L. 99–120 substituted “November 15, 1985” for “October 1, 1985”.

**1983**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–181, §415, inserted new undesignated par. authorizing insurance be made available to existing manufactured homes not insured under this section if such homes were constructed in accordance with the standards issued under the National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974 and meet standards similar to the minimum property standards applicable to existing homes issued under subchapter II of this chapter.

Pub. L. 98–181, §401(a), substituted “October 1, 1985” for “December 1, 1983”.

Pub. L. 98–109 substituted “December 1, 1983” for “October 1, 1983”.

Pub. L. 98–35 substituted “October 1, 1983” for “May 21, 1983”.

Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 98–181, §416(a)(1), substituted “$40,500” for “$22,500 ($35,000 in the case of a manufactured home composed of two or more modules)”.

Subsec. (b)(1)(D). Pub. L. 98–181, §416(a)(2), substituted “$54,000” for “$35,000 ($47,500 in the case of a manufactured home composed of two or more modules)”.

Subsec. (b)(1)(E). Pub. L. 98–181, §416(a)(3), substituted “$13,500” for “such an amount as may be necessary, but not exceeding $12,500,”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 98–181, §416(b), substituted provision authorizing the Secretary, in other areas, to increase the maximum dollar amounts specified in subsec. (b)(1)(D) and (E) on an area-by-area basis as deemed necessary, but not to exceed the percentage by which the maximum mortgage amount of a one-family residence in the area is increased by the Secretary under section 1709(b)(2) of this title for provision which authorized the Secretary, by regulation, in other areas where needed to meet the higher costs of land acquisition, etc., in connection with the purchase of a manufactured home or lot, to increase any dollar amount limitation otherwise applicable by an additional $7,500.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 98–181, §404(b)(1), amended par. (5) generally, substituting provision that any obligation with respect to which insurance is granted under this section bear interest at such rate as agreed upon by the borrower and the financial institution for provision that any such obligation bear interest and insurance premium charges as do not exceed an amount determined by a specified formula.

Subsec. (b)(6)(C). Pub. L. 98–181, §417, added subpar. (C).

**1982**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–289 substituted “May 21, 1983” for “October 1, 1982”.

**1981**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–35, §331(a), substituted “1982” for “1981”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–35, §338(a), completely revised and reorganized provisions respecting computations, adjustments, applicability, etc., for granting of insurance to financial institutions for obligations representing loans, advances of credit, or purchases.

**1980**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–399, §§301(a), 308(c)(1), substituted “October 1, 1981” for “October 16, 1980”, and substituted “manufactured home” for “mobile home” wherever appearing.

Pub. L. 96–372 substituted “October 16, 1980” for “October 1, 1980”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–399, §308(a)–(c)(1), inserted provisions respecting areas of high land costs or high set-up costs, substituted “manufactured home” for “mobile home” wherever appearing, and increased amounts with respect to financing purchases of such homes from $18,000 to $20,000 (from $27,000 to $30,000 where there are two or more modules), where an undeveloped lot is concerned from $24,000 to $26,675 (from $33,000 to $36,675 where there are two or more modules), where a suitably developed lot is concerned from $27,500 to $30,550 (from $36,500 to $40,550 where there are two or more modules), and where a principal place of residence of the owner is concerned from $6,250 to $6,950 and $9,375 to $10,425, respectively, for undeveloped and developed lots.

**1979**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–153, §301(a), substituted “October 1, 1980” for “December 1, 1979”.

Pub. L. 96–105 substituted “December 1, 1979” for “November 1, 1979”.

Pub. L. 96–71 substituted “November 1, 1979” for “October 1, 1979”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–153, §313(a), substituted: in cl. (1) of first sentence of first unlettered paragraph “$18,000 ($27,000 in the case of a mobile home containing” for “$16,000 ($24,000 in the case of a mobile home composing”, in subpar. (A) of second unlettered paragraph “such an amount not exceeding $24,000 ($33,000 in the case of a mobile home composed of two or more modules)” for “an amount not exceeding (i) the maximum amount under clause (1) of the first paragraph of this subsection, and (ii) such amount not to exceed $5,000 as may be necessary to cover the cost of purchasing the lot”, in subpar. (B) of second unlettered paragraph “twenty years and thirty-two days (twenty-five” for “fifteen years and thirty-two days (twenty-three”, in subpar. (A) of third unlettered paragraph “such an amount not exceeding $27,500 ($36,500 in the case of a mobile home composed of two or more modules)” for “an amount not exceeding (i) the maximum amount under clause (1) of the first paragraph of this subsection, and (ii) such amount not to exceed $7,500 as may be necessary to cover the cost of purchasing the lot”, in subpar. (B) of such unlettered paragraph “twenty years and thirty-two days (twenty-five” for “fifteen years and thirty-two days (twenty-three”, in subpar. (A) of the fourth unlettered paragraph “$6,250 in the case of an undeveloped lot, or (ii) $9,375” for “$5,000 in the case of an undeveloped lot, or (ii) $7,500”, and in subpar. (B) of such paragraph “fifteen years and thirty-two days” for “ten years and thirty-two days”.

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–557, §301(a), substituted “October 1, 1979” for “November 1, 1978”.

Pub. L. 95–406 substituted “November 1, 1978” for “October 1, 1978”.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 95–619 defined “energy conserving improvements” in terms of purchase and installation of weatherization materials as defined in section 6862(9) of title 42 rather than additions, alterations, or improvements of an existing or new structure, designed to reduce the total energy requirements of a structure in conformity with standards prescribed by the Secretary.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 95–619 expanded definition of “solar energy system” to include the utilization of wind energy and added the distinction between active and passive types of energy systems.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–557, §320, substituted “not in excess of $37,500 nor an average amount of $7,500 per family unit and having a maturity not in excess of fifteen years” for “not in excess of $25,000 nor an average amount of $5,000 per family unit and having a maturity not in excess of twelve years”.

**1977**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–128, §301(a), substituted “October 1, 1978” for “October 1, 1977”.

Pub. L. 95–80 substituted “October 1, 1977” for “August 1, 1977”.

Pub. L. 95–60 substituted “August 1, 1977” for “June 30, 1977”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–128, §306, substituted: in cl. (1) of first sentence “$15,000” for “$10,000” and “$16,000 ($24,000” for “$12,500 ($20,000”, and in cl. (2) “fifteen years” for “twelve years”; inserted at end of proviso in cl. (2) “(twenty-three years and thirty-two days in the case of a mobile home composed of two or more modules)”; substituted in subpar. (B) of the second and third paragraphs “twenty-three years” for “twenty years”; and inserted paragraph at end of subsec. (b) which authorized the Secretary to increase by regulation any dollar amount limitation on mobile homes or mobile home lot loans contained in this subsection by not to exceed 40 per centum.

**1975**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–173 substituted “$12,500 ($20,000” for “$10,000 ($15,000” in cl. 1.

**1974**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–449, §4(a)(1), inserted provisions relating to financing preservation of historic structures and defining “historic structures” and “preservation”.

Pub. L. 93–383, §§309(b)(1), (2), (c), 316(a), substituted “June 30, 1977” for “October 1, 1974” in provisions preceding initially designated cl. (i), inserted “or mobile homes” after “in connection with existing structures” in initial cl. (i), provisions relating to the financing of the purchase of a lot on which a mobile home is to be placed and payment of reasonable expenses for the appropriate preparation of such lot, and paragraph relating to alteration, repair, and improvement upon or in connection with existing structures with respect to inclusion of fire safety equipment, etc.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–449, §4(a)(2), added par. relating to loans financing preservation of historic structures.

Pub. L. 93–383, §309(a), (b)(3), (d), in cl. (1) substituted “exceeds $10,000” for “exceeds $5,000”, in cl. (2) substituted provisions relating to maturity of obligation in excess of twelve years and thirty-two days for provisions relating to maturity of obligation in excess of three years and thirty-two days and authorization of increase to seven years and thirty-two days under conditions determined by the Secretary and substituted “fifteen years and thirty-two days” for “twelve years and thirty-two days (fifteen years and thirty-two days in the case of a mobile home composed of two or more modules)”, in cl. (3) substituted “$25,000” for “$15,000”, “$5,000” for “$2,500”, and “twelve years” for “seven years”, inserted provision relating to loans to finance fire safety equipment for a nursing home, etc., and inserted paragraphs relating to financing the purchase of a mobile home and an undeveloped lot on which the mobile home is to be placed, financing the purchase of a mobile home and a suitably developed lot on which the mobile home is to be placed, and financing the purchase by the owner of a mobile home of a lot on which the mobile home is to be placed.

**1973**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–117 substituted “October 1, 1974” for “October 1, 1973”.

Pub. L. 93–85 substituted “October 1, 1973” for “June 30, 1973”.

**1972**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–503 substituted “June 30, 1973” for “October 1, 1972”.

**1970**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–609, §101(a), substituted “October 1, 1972” for “January 1, 1971”.

Pub. L. 91–525 substituted “January 1, 1971” for “December 1, 1970”.

Pub. L. 91–473 substituted “December 1, 1970” for “November 1, 1970”.

Pub. L. 91–432 substituted “November 1, 1970” for “October 1, 1970”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–609, §113(1), (2), in cl. (1) prohibited insurance with respect to obligations representing a loan where loan exceeds “($15,000 in the case of a mobile home composed of two or more modules)”, and in cl. (2) prescribed maturity date for obligation financing purchase of a mobile home of “(fifteen years and thirty-two days in the case of a mobile home composed of two or more modules)”.

**1969**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–152, §§101(a), 103(c)(1)(4), substituted “October 1, 1970” for “January 1, 1970”, designated as “(i)” provisions authorizing and empowering the Secretary to insure institutions financing alterations, repairs, and improvements, etc., inserted provisions designated as “(ii)” dealing with institutions which finance the purchase of mobile homes used by the owner as his principal residence, inserted “(other than mobile homes)” after “(1) with respect to new residential structures”, and inserted provisions authorizing and directing the Secretary to prescribe minimum property standards and conformance to local zoning requirements with respect to mobile homes financed by insured institutions.

Pub. L. 91–78 substituted “January 1, 1970” for “October 1, 1969”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–152, §103(c)(5), (6), in cl. (1) inserted provision excepting obligations financing the purchase of mobile homes in an amount not exceeding $10,000, and in cl. (2) inserted proviso limiting obligations financing the purchase of mobile homes to a maturity date not in excess of twelve years and thirty-two days.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 91–152, §103(c)(7), substituted “real or personal property” for “real property” wherever appearing.

**1968**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–448 substituted “$5,000” for “$3,500”, “seven years” for “five years”, “$5.50 discount” for “$5 discount”, and “$4.50 discount” for “$4 discount”.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a), (b), (c)(1), (2), and (d) to (h).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(d), substituted “an officer” for “the Commissioner or by any Assistant Commissioner”.

**1965**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–117, §202(a), substituted “October 1, 1969” for “October 1, 1965”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(a), struck out provisions directing the deposit of premium charges and fees and property held with respect to insurance into a United States Treasury account to be used to defray Federal Housing Administration expenses and to pay insurance claims and making allowance for transfer and merger of funds and disposition of surplus funds.

**1964**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 88–560 struck out “after December 31, 1957,” after “Any payment for loss made”.

**1961**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–70 substituted “October 1, 1965” for “October 1, 1961”.

**1960**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–788 substituted “October 1, 1961” for “October 1, 1960”, and struck out provisions limiting the aggregate amount of all loans, advances of credit, and obligations purchased, with respect to which insurance could be granted under the section, at $1,750,000,000.

**1959**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–372 substituted “October 1, 1960” for “September 30, 1959”.

**1957**—Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 85–104 added subsec. (g) and redesignated former subsec. (g) as (h).

**1956**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §101(a), substituted “September 30, 1959” for “September 30, 1956” and proviso of second par. authorizing waiver of clause (iii) in discretion of Commissioner with respect to occupancy of completion of new residential structures, for former proviso providing that the clause (iii) occupancy requirement should not be mandatory with respect to new residences damaged by a major disaster.

Act Feb. 10, 1956, removed the six months’ occupancy requirement with respect to new residences damaged by a major disaster.

Subsec. (b). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §101(b), (c), increased amount of loans which can be insured to $3,500 in lieu of former provisions providing $2,500 for improvement of existing structures and $3,000 for construction of new structures, increased maximum term of loans which can be insured from 3 years and thirty-two days to 5 years and thirty-two days, inserted proviso limiting interest and premium charges equivalent to $5 discount per $100 for proceeds of loan up to $2,500 and $4 discount per $100 for proceeds in excess of $2,500, and substituted “$15,000 nor an average amount of $2,500 per family unit” for “$10,000”.

**1955**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 11, 1955, substituted “September 30, 1956” for “August 1, 1955”.

Act June 30, 1955, substituted “August 1, 1955” for “July 1, 1955”.

**1954**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §101(a), in second sentence, inserted proviso restricting claims for losses on individual loans, advances of credit, and purchases to 90 per centum of loss in each such case, and added second par.

Subsec. (f). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §102, inserted last two sentences with respect to termination of the Title I Claims Account as of August 1, 1954.

**1953**—Subsec. (a). Act Mar. 10, 1953, increased the Subchapter I loan insurance authorization from $1,250,000,000 to $1,750,000,000.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, §122, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (a). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §101(a)(1), (2), substituted “July 1, 1955” for “Mar. 1, 1950”, and limited the total amount of outstanding loans with respect to which insurance is granted under this section to $1,250,000,000 outstanding at any one time.

Subsec. (b)(1). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §101(a)(3), substituted “$3,000” for “$4,500”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §101(a)(4), struck out “residential or” before “agricultural purposes”.

Subsec. (f). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §101(a)(5), substituted “section” for “subchapter” wherever appearing.

**1949**—Subsec. (a). Joint Res. Oct. 25, 1949, substituted “March 1, 1950” for “November 1, 1949” in first sentence and “$225,000,000” for “$200,000,000” in last sentence.

Act Aug. 30, 1949, substituted “November 1, 1949” for “September 1, 1949”.

Act July 15, 1949, substituted “September 1, 1949” for “July 1, 1949”.

**1948**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 10, 1948, §101(s)(1), substituted “$200,000,000” for “$165,000,000”.

Subsec. (b). Act Aug. 10, 1948, §101(s)(2)–(4), substituted “$4,500” for “$3,000”, struck out first proviso and inserted in lieu a new proviso, and struck out last sentence.

**1947**—Subsec. (a). Act June 26, 1947, extended provisions of section for two years from 1947 to 1949.

**1943**—Subsec. (a). Act Oct. 15, 1943, substituted “1947” for “1944” in first sentence.

Act Mar. 23, 1943, substituted “1944” for “1943” in first sentence.

Subsec. (f). Act Oct. 15, 1943, §4, struck out “three-fourths of” before “1 per centum” in first sentence.

**1942**—Subsec. (b). Act May 26, 1942, amended provisions generally.

**1941**—Subsec. (a). Act June 28, 1941, §§1, 2, substituted “July 1, 1943” for “July 1, 1941” in first sentence; inserted “and other sources” after “premiums”; and substituted “$165,000,000” for “$100,000,000”.

Subsec. (b). Act June 28, 1941, §3, substituted “made for the purpose of financing the alteration, repair, or improvement of existing structures exceeds $2,500 (or in the case of the alteration, repair, or improvement of an existing dwelling designed or to be designed for more than one family, exceeds $5,000), or for the purpose of financing the construction of new structures exceeds $3,000” for “exceeds $2,500”; substituted in cl. (2) “where the loan, advance of credit, or purchase does not exceed $2,500, or has a maturity in excess of five years and thirty-two days, where the loan, advance of credit, or purchase exceeds $2,500 but does not exceed $5,000; except that such maturity limitations shall not apply if” for “unless”; and inserted proviso at end.

Subsec. (c). Act June 28, 1941, §4, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted “personal” before “property”, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (f). Act June 28, 1941, §5, inserted “and all moneys collected by the Administrator as fees of any kind in connection with the granting of insurance as provided in this section, and all moneys derived from the sale, collection, disposition, or compromise of any evidence of debt, contract, claim, property, or security assigned to or held by the Administrator as provided in subsection (c) of this section with respect to insurance collected on and after July 1, 1939” in last sentence.

**1939**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Act June 3, 1939, §1, amended provisions generally.

Subsecs. (f), (g). Act June 3, 1939, §2, added subsecs. (f) and (g).

**1938**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Act Feb. 3, 1938, amended provisions generally.

**1937**—Subsec. (a). Act Apr. 22, 1937, in third sentence, limited the total liability for all insurance under this section and former section 1026a of this title, not to exceed in the aggregate $100,000,000.

**1936**—Subsecs. (a) to (d). Act Apr. 3, 1936, amended provisions generally.

Subsec. (e). Act Apr. 17, 1936, added subsec. (e).

**1935**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 23, 1935, substituted “and the purchase and installation of equipment and machinery on real property” for “including the installation of equipment and machinery” in first sentence.

Act May 28, 1935, substituted “April” for “January” in first sentence and inserted “including the installation of equipment and machinery”, and amended generally the last sentence.

Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2144(b), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2844, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall only apply to loans that are registered or endorsed for insurance after the date of the enactment of this title [July 30, 2008].”

Section 340(b)(2) of Pub. L. 101–625 provided that: “The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply to loans executed on or after June 1, 1991.”

Section 134(b) of Pub. L. 101–235 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply only with respect to—

“(1) violations referred to in the amendment that occur on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 15, 1989]; and

“(2) in the case of a continuing violation (as determined by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development), any portion of a violation referred to in the amendment that occurs on or after such date.”

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

Section 101(b) of act Aug. 2, 1954, provided that, as used in the amendments made by such act (see 1954 Amendments note above), the words “effective date of the Housing Act of 1954 [Act Aug. 2, 1954]” mean the first day after the first full calendar month following the date of approval of such act (Aug. 2, 1954).

Section 101(b) of act Apr. 20, 1950, provided that “This section [amending this section] shall take effect as of March 1, 1950.”

Section 202 of title II of act July 15, 1949, provided that: “This title [amending this section and sections 1709 and 1738 of this title] shall take effect as of June 30, 1949.”

Section 4 of act June 3, 1939, provided that: “The provisions of sections 1, 2, and 3 of this Act [amending this section and repealing section 1706a of this title] shall take effect on July 1, 1939.”

Section 1 of act Apr. 3, 1936, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective Apr. 1, 1936.

Section 818 of act Aug. 2, 1954, provided that: “Insofar as the provisions of any other law are inconsistent with the provisions of this Act [see 1954 Short Title note set out under section 1701 of this title], the provisions of this Act shall be controlling.”

Section 819 of act Aug. 2, 1954, provided that: “Except as may be otherwise expressly provided in this Act [see Short Title of 1954 Amendments note set out under section 1701 of this title], all powers and authorities conferred by this Act shall be cumulative and additional to and not in derogation of any powers and authorities otherwise existing. Notwithstanding any other evidences of the intention of Congress, it is hereby declared to be the controlling intent of Congress that if any provisions of this Act, or the application thereof to any persons or circumstances, shall be adjudged by any court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, such judgment shall not affect, impair, or invalidate the remainder of this Act or its application to other persons and circumstances.”

Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2142, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2844, provided that: “The purposes of this subtitle [subtitle B (§§2141–2150) of title I of div. B of Pub. L. 110–289, see Short Title of 2008 Amendment note set out under section 1701 of this title] are—

“(1) to provide adequate funding for FHA-insured manufactured housing loans for low- and moderate-income homebuyers during all economic cycles in the manufactured housing industry;

“(2) to modernize the FHA title I insurance program for manufactured housing loans to enhance participation by Ginnie Mae and the private lending markets; and

“(3) to adjust the low loan limits for title I manufactured home loan insurance to reflect the increase in costs since such limits were last increased in 1992 and to index the limits to inflation.”

Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2148(b), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2847, provided that: “Not later than the expiration of the 6-month period beginning on the date of the enactment of this title [July 30, 2008], the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall revise the existing underwriting criteria for the program referred to in paragraph (10) of section 2(b) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1703(b)(10)] (as added by subsection (a) of this section) in accordance with the requirements of such paragraph.”

Section 339B(c) of Pub. L. 97–35 provided that: “For purposes of paragraphs (1) and (4) of section 308(c) of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1980 [amending sections 1703 and 1713 of this title, and section 5401 et seq. of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare], the term ‘mobile home’ and the term ‘manufactured home’ shall be deemed to include the term ‘mobile homes’ and the term ‘manufactured homes’, respectively.”

Section 308(e) of Pub. L. 96–399 provided that: “Not later than January 1, 1982, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall develop a procedure for collecting and regularly reporting data on the mean and median sales price for new manufactured homes, and, where available, data on the mean and median sales price for manufactured home lots and combination new manufactured home and lot packages. Such reports shall contain, to the maximum extent feasible, sales price information for the Nation, each census region, each State on an annual basis, and selected standard metropolitan statistical areas having sufficient activity on an annual basis.”

Section 321 of Pub. L. 96–153, required the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to submit a report to Congress by Mar. 31, 1980, containing recommendations for programs and policies which encourage individual ownership of mobile home lots through several methods.

Section 2 of act Mar. 10, 1953, authorized the Federal Housing Commissioner to pay out of the capital account of the Title I Insurance Fund to the Secretary of the Treasury, prior to June 30, 1954, the sum of $8,333,313.65 either in one lump sum or in installments and that the first payment be made on July 1, 1953.

1 So in original. The word “and” probably should not appear.

2 So in original. The period probably should be “; and”.

3 So in original. The period probably should be a semicolon.

4 See References in Text note below.

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title I, §3, 48 Stat. 1247, related to loans to financial institutions.

For the purposes of carrying out the provisions of this subchapter and subchapters II and III of this chapter the President, in his discretion, is authorized to provide such funds or any portion thereof by allotment to the Secretary from any funds that are available, or may hereafter be made available, to the President for emergency purposes.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title I, §4, 48 Stat. 1247; June 30, 1947, ch. 166, title II, §206(*l*), 61 Stat. 208; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(a)(1), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2231.)

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–479 substituted “such” for “suuch”.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner”.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, §122, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator”.

**1947**—Act June 30, 1947, struck out references to Reconstruction Finance Corporation.

Section, acts June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title I, §5, 48 Stat. 1247; Mar. 28, 1941, ch. 31, §3, 55 Stat. 61; Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title IV, §402 (part), 62 Stat. 1283; Aug. 8, 1949, ch. 403, §2 (part), 63 Stat. 576; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title II, §202 (part), 65 Stat. 303, related to reports to Congress. See section 1701*o* of this title.

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title I, §6, as added act Apr. 17, 1936, ch. 234, §3, 49 Stat. 1233; amended act Apr. 22, 1937, ch. 121, §1, 50 Stat. 70, related to insurance of financial institutions financing rehabilitation of property damaged by fires, floods, storms, etc.

Repeal effective July 1, 1939, see section 4 of act June 3, 1939, set out as an Effective Date of 1939 Amendment note under section 1703 of this title.

Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to exempt any real property acquired and held by the Secretary in connection with the payment of insurance heretofore or hereafter granted under this subchapter from taxation by any State or political subdivision thereof, to the same extent, according to its value, as other real property is taxed.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title I, §7, as added June 28, 1941, ch. 261, §7, 55 Stat. 365; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94 title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner”.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator”.

To assist in providing adequate housing for families of low and moderate income, particularly in suburban and outlying areas, this section is designed to supplement systems of mortgage insurance under other provisions of this chapter by making feasible the insurance of mortgages covering properties in areas where it is not practicable to obtain conformity with many of the requirements essential to the insurance of mortgages on housing in built-up urban areas. The Secretary is authorized, upon application by the mortgagee, to insure, as hereinafter provided, any mortgage (as defined in section 1707 of this title) offered to him which is eligible for insurance as hereinafter provided, and, upon such terms as the Secretary may prescribe, to make commitments for the insuring of such mortgages prior to the date of their execution or disbursement thereon: *Provided*, That the aggregate amount of principal obligations of all mortgages insured under this section and outstanding at any one time shall not exceed $100,000,000, except that with the approval of the President such aggregate amount may be increased at any time or times by additional amounts aggregating not more than $150,000,000 upon a determination by the President, taking into account the general effect of any such increase upon conditions in the building industry and upon the national economy, that such increase is in the public interest: *And provided further*, That no mortgage shall be insured under this section after August 2, 1954, except pursuant to a commitment to insure issued on or before such date.

To be eligible for insurance under this section, a mortgage shall—

(1) have been made to, and be held by, a mortgagee approved by the Secretary as responsible and able to service the mortgage properly;

(2) involve a principal obligation (including such initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees as the Secretary shall approve) in an amount not to exceed $5,700, and not to exceed 95 per centum of the appraised value, as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance, of a property upon which there is located a dwelling designed principally for a single-family residence, and which is approved for mortgage insurance prior to the beginning of construction: *Provided*, That the mortgagor shall be the owner and occupant of the property at the time of insurance and shall have paid on account of the property at least 5 per centum of the Secretary's estimate of the cost of acquisition in cash or its equivalent, or shall be the builder constructing the dwelling, in which case the principal obligation shall not exceed 85 per centum of the appraised value of the property or $5,100: *Provided further*, That the Secretary finds that the project with respect to which the mortgage is executed is an acceptable risk, giving consideration to the need for providing adequate housing for families of low and moderate income particularly in suburban and outlying areas: *And provided further*, That, where the mortgagor is the owner and occupant of the property and establishes (to the satisfaction of the Secretary) that his home, which he occupied as an owner or as a tenant, was destroyed or damaged to such an extent that reconstruction is required as a result of a flood, fire, hurricane, earthquake, storm or other catastrophe, which the President, pursuant to sections 5122(2) and 5170 of title 42, has determined to be a major disaster, such maximum dollar limitation may be increased by the Secretary from $5,700 to $7,000, and the percentage limitation may be increased by the Secretary from 95 per centum to 100 per centum of the appraised value;

(3) have a maturity satisfactory to the Secretary but not to exceed thirty years from the date of insurance of the mortgage;

(4) contain complete amortization provisions satisfactory to the Secretary requiring periodic payments by the mortgagor not in excess of his reasonable ability to pay as determined by the Secretary;

(5) bear interest (exclusive of premium charges for insurance and service charges, if any) at not to exceed 5 per centum per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time;

(6) provide, in a manner satisfactory to the Secretary, for the application of the mortgagor's periodic payments (exclusive of the amount allocated to interest and to the premium charge which is required for mortgage insurance as hereinafter provided and to the service charge, if any) to amortization of the principal of the mortgage; and

(7) contain such terms and provisions with respect to insurance, repairs, alterations, payment of taxes, service charges, default reserves, delinquency charges, foreclosure proceedings, anticipation of maturity, and other matters as the Secretary may in his discretion prescribe.

The Secretary is authorized to fix a premium charge for the insurance of mortgages under this section, but in the case of any mortgage, such charge shall not be less than an amount equivalent to one-half of 1 per centum per annum nor more than an amount equivalent to 1 per centum per annum of the amount of the principal obligation of the mortgage outstanding at any time, without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments. Such premium charges shall be payable by the mortgagee, either in cash or in debentures issued by the Secretary under this section at par plus accrued interest, in such manner as may be prescribed by the Secretary: *Provided*, That the Secretary may require the payment of one or more such premium charges at the time the mortgage is insured, at such discount rate as he may prescribe not in excess of the interest rate specified in the mortgage. If the Secretary finds, upon the presentation of a mortgage for insurance and the tender of the initial premium charge or charges so required, that the mortgage complies with the provisions of this section, such mortgage may be accepted for insurance by endorsement or otherwise as the Secretary may prescribe. In the event that the principal obligation of any mortgage accepted for insurance under this section is paid in full prior to the maturity date, the Secretary is further authorized, in his discretion, to require the payment by the mortgagee of an adjusted premium charge in such amount as the Secretary determines to be equitable, but not in excess of the aggregate amount of the premium charges that the mortgagee would otherwise have been required to pay if the mortgage had continued to be insured until such maturity date; and in the event that the principal obligation is paid in full as herein set forth, the Secretary is authorized to refund to the mortgagee for the account of the mortgagor all, or such portion as he shall determine to be equitable, of the current unearned premium charges theretofore paid.

The Secretary may, at any time under such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, consent to the release of the mortgagor from his liability under the mortgage or the credit instrument secured thereby, or consent to the release of parts of the mortgaged property from the lien of the mortgage.

Any contract of insurance executed by the Secretary under this section shall be conclusive evidence of the eligibility of the mortgage for insurance, and the validity of any contract of insurance so executed shall be incontestable in the hands of an approved mortgagee from the date of the execution of such contract, except for fraud or misrepresentation on the part of such approved mortgagee.

In any case in which the mortgagee under a mortgage insured under this section shall have foreclosed and taken possession of the mortgaged property in accordance with the regulations of, and within a period to be determined by, the Secretary or shall, with the consent of the Secretary, have otherwise acquired such property from the mortgagor after default, the mortgagee shall be entitled to receive the benefits of the insurance as provided in section 1710(a) of this title with respect to mortgages insured under section 203(b)(2)(D) of this Act.

Subsections (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h),1 (j), and (k) 1 of section 1710 of this title shall be applicable to mortgages insured under this section except that all references therein to the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Funds or the Fund shall be construed to refer to the General Insurance Fund, and all references therein to section 1709 of this title shall be construed to refer to this section: *Provided*, That debentures issued in connection with mortgages insured under this section shall have the same tax exemption as debentures issued in connection with mortgages insured under section 1709 of this title.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title I, §8, as added Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §102, 64 Stat. 48; amended Aug. 3, 1951, ch. 293, §1, 65 Stat. 173; June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §2, 67 Stat. 121; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §103, 68 Stat. 591; Pub. L. 86–372, title I, §116(a), Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 664; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(b), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 504; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (4), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 91–606, title III, §301(b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1758; Pub. L. 93–288, title VII, §702(b), formerly title VI, §602(b), May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 163, renumbered title VII, §702(b), Pub. L. 103–337, div. C, title XXXIV, §3411(a)(1), (2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3100; Pub. L. 100–707, title I, §109(e)(1), Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4708.)

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Section 203(b)(2)(D) of this Act, referred to in subsec. (f), which was formerly classified to section 1709(b)(2)(D) of this title, was repealed by act Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §104, 68 Stat. 591.

Subsection (h) of section 1710 of this title, referred to in subsec. (g), was redesignated subsec. (i) by Pub. L. 105–276, title VI, §602(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2674.

Subsection (k) of section 1710 of this title, referred to in subsec. (g), was repealed by Pub. L. 105–276, title VI, §601(c), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2673.

The General Insurance Fund, referred to in subsec. (g), was established by section 1735c of this title.

**1988**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 100–707 substituted “5170 of title 42” for “5141 of title 42”.

**1974**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 93–288 substituted “sections 5122(2) and 5141 of title 42” for “section 4402(1) of title 42”.

**1970**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 91–606 substituted reference to section “4402(1)” for “1855a(a)” of title 42.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a), (b)(1) to (4), (6), (7), and (c) to (f).

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(4), substituted “Secretary's” for “Commissioner's”.

**1965**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(b)(1), substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “Title I Housing Insurance Fund”.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(b)(2), repealed subsec. (h) which created the Title I Housing Insurance Fund.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(b)(2), repealed subsec. (i) which dealt with the disposition of surplus funds of the Title I Housing Insurance Fund, purchase of debentures, and credits and charges to fund.

**1959**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 86–372 inserted reference to subsecs. (j) and (k) of section 1710 of this title.

**1954**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 2, 1954, inserted proviso prohibiting the insurance of mortgages under this section after Aug. 2, 1954, except pursuant to commitments to insure issued on or before such date.

**1953**—Subsec. (b)(2). Act June 30, 1953, raised the maximum mortgage, where the mortgagor is the owner-occupant, from $4,750, not exceeding 95 per centum of value, to $5,700, not exceeding 95 per centum of value; and raised the maximum mortgage, where the builder is the mortgagor, from $4,250, not exceeding 85 per centum of value, to $5,100, not exceeding 85 per centum of value.

**1951**—Subsec. (b)(2). Act Aug. 3, 1951, permitted more liberal mortgage insurance for those building low-cost homes to replace their homes lost in a flood or other major disaster.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–288 effective Apr. 1, 1974, see section 605 of Pub. L. 93–288, formerly set out as an Effective Date note under section 5121 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–606 effective Dec. 31, 1970, see section 304 of Pub. L. 91–606, set out as a note under section 165 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Section 2 of act Mar. 10, 1953, ch. 5, 67 Stat. 5, required Federal Housing Commissioner prior to June 30, 1954, to pay out of capital account of Title I Insurance Fund to Secretary of the Treasury amount of $8,333,313.65 which constituted Government investment in capital account of Title I Insurance Fund.

1 See References in Text note below.

The provisions of sections 1703 and 1706c of this title shall be applicable in the several States and Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title I, §9, as added July 14, 1952, ch. 723, §10(a)(1), 66 Stat. 603; amended Pub. L. 86–70, §10(a), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 142; Pub. L. 86–654, §6, July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 411; Pub. L. 91–152, title IV, §403(c)(3), Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 395; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §407(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1211; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §429(b), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1918.)

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–242 inserted “Applicability” as section catchline.

**1983**—Pub. L. 98–181 inserted “American Samoa,” after “Pacific Islands,”.

**1969**—Pub. L. 91–152 inserted “the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands,” after “Guam,”.

**1960**—Pub. L. 86–624 struck out “Hawaii,” before “Puerto Rico”.

**1959**—Pub. L. 86–70 struck out “Alaska,” before “Hawaii”.

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

Section, Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, §810, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 734; Pub. L. 94–375, §20, Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1077; Pub. L. 95–24, title I, §103, Apr. 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 55; Pub. L. 95–128, title II, §203, Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1129; Pub. L. 95–557, title I, §102, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2083; Pub. L. 96–153, title I, §106, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1104; Pub. L. 96–399, title I, §116, Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1623; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §312, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 397; Pub. L. 98–181, title I, §122, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1170; Pub. L. 98–479, title I, §101(a)(14), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2220; Pub. L. 100–242, title V, §517(a), (c)–(e), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1936, 1937; Pub. L. 101–73, title V, §501(e)(1), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 394; Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §126(a), (b), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2025; Pub. L. 101–625, title IX, §914(a), (b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4394, 4395, related to urban homestead program of unit of general local government, State, or designated public agency.

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1991, and except with respect to projects and programs for which binding commitments have been entered into prior to Oct. 1, 1991, no new grants or loans to be made after Oct. 1, 1991, under this section, see section 12839(a)(5), (b)(1) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Except as provided in subsection (b), the provisions of sections 2602, 2607, 2614, 2615, 2616, and 2617 of this title shall apply to each sale of a manufactured home financed with an FHA-insured loan or extension of credit, as well as to services rendered in connection with such transactions.

The Secretary is authorized to determine the manner and extent to which the provisions of sections 2602, 2607, 2614, 2615, 2616, and 2617 of this title may reasonably be applied to the transactions described in subsection (a), and to grant such exemptions as may be necessary to achieve the purposes of this section.

For purposes of this section—

(1) the term “federally related mortgage loan” as used in sections 2602, 2607, 2614, 2615, 2616, and 2617 of this title shall include an FHA-insured loan or extension of credit made to a borrower for the purpose of purchasing a manufactured home that the borrower intends to occupy as a personal residence; and

(2) the term “real estate settlement service” as used in sections 2602, 2607, 2614, 2615, 2616, and 2617 of this title shall include any service rendered in connection with a loan or extension of credit insured by the Federal Housing Administration for the purchase of a manufactured home.

In connection with the purchase of a manufactured home financed with a loan or extension of credit insured by the Federal Housing Administration under this subchapter, the Secretary shall prohibit acts or practices in connection with loans or extensions of credit that the Secretary finds to be unfair, deceptive, or otherwise not in the interests of the borrower.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title I, §10, as added Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2149, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2847.)

As used in section 1709 of this title—

(a) The term “mortgage” means (A) a first mortgage on real estate, in fee simple, (B) a first mortgage on a leasehold on real estate (i) under a lease for not less than ninety-nine years which is renewable, or (ii) under a lease having a period of not less than ten years to run beyond the maturity date of the mortgage, or (C) a first mortgage given to secure the unpaid purchase price of a fee interest in, or long-term leasehold interest in, real estate consisting of a one-family unit in a multifamily project, including a project in which the dwelling units are attached, or are manufactured housing units, semi-detached, or detached, and an undivided interest in the common areas and facilities which serve the project; and the term “first mortgage” means such classes of first liens as are commonly given to secure advances on, or the unpaid purchase price of, real estate, under the laws of the State, in which the real estate is located, together with the credit instruments, if any, secured thereby.

(b) The term “mortgagee” includes the original lender under a mortgage, and his successors and assigns approved by the Secretary; and the term “mortgagor” includes the original borrower under a mortgage and his successors and assigns.

(c) The term “maturity date” means the date on which the mortgage indebtedness would be extinguished if paid in accordance with periodic payments provided for in the mortgage.

(d) The term “State” includes the several States, and Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands.

(e) The term “family member” means, with respect to a mortgagor under such section, a child, parent, or grandparent of the mortgagor (or the mortgagor's spouse). In determining whether any of the relationships referred to in the preceding sentence exist, a legally adopted son or daughter of an individual (and a child who is a member of an individual's household, if placed with such individual by an authorized placement agency for legal adoption by such individual), and a foster child of an individual, shall be treated as a child of such individual by blood.

(f) The term “child” means, with respect to a mortgagor under such section, a son, stepson, daughter, or stepdaughter of such mortgagor.

(g) The term “real estate” means land and all natural resources and structures permanently affixed to the land, including residential buildings and stationary manufactured housing. The Secretary may not require, for treatment of any land or other property as real estate for purposes of this subchapter, that such land or property be treated as real estate for purposes of State taxation.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §201, 48 Stat. 1247; Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §3, 52 Stat. 9; Mar. 28, 1941, ch. 31, §4(a), 55 Stat. 61; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; July 14, 1952, ch. 723, §10(a)(2), 66 Stat. 603; Pub. L. 86–70, §10(a), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 142; Pub. L. 86–624, §6, July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 411; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 91–152, title IV, §403(c)(1), Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 395; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §306, Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1640; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §407(b), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1211; Pub. L. 104–204, title IV, §425(b), Sept. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 2928; Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §§2117(b), (c), 2120(c), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2833, 2835.)

**2008**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–289, §2117(b), inserted “(A)” before “a first mortgage”, substituted “(B) a first mortgage on a leasehold on real estate (i)” for “or on a leasehold (1)” and “, or (ii)” for “or (2)”, and inserted “, or (C) a first mortgage given to secure the unpaid purchase price of a fee interest in, or long-term leasehold interest in, real estate consisting of a one-family unit in a multifamily project, including a project in which the dwelling units are attached, or are manufactured housing units, semi-detached, or detached, and an undivided interest in the common areas and facilities which serve the project” before semicolon.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–289, §2120(c), substituted “the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands” for “the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 110–289, §2117(c), added subsec. (g).

**1996**—Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 104–204 added subsecs. (e) and (f).

**1983**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–181 inserted “American Samoa,” after “Pacific Islands,”.

**1980**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–399 substituted “ten years to run beyond the maturity date of the mortgage” for “fifty years to run from the date the mortgage was executed”.

**1969**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–152 inserted “the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands” after “Guam”.

**1967**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner”.

**1960**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 86–624 struck out “Hawaii,” before “Puerto Rico”.

**1959**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 86–70 struck out “Alaska,” before “Hawaii”.

**1952**—Subsec. (d). Act July 14, 1952, inserted “Guam,” after “District of Columbia”.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator”.

**1941**—Subsec. (a). Act Mar. 28, 1941, §4(a)(1), struck out “district, or Territory”.

Subsec. (d). Act Mar. 28, 1941, §4(a)(2), added subsec. (d).

**1938**—Subsec. (a)(2). Act Feb. 3, 1938, struck out “upon which there is located a dwelling for not more than four families which is used in whole or in part for residential purposes, irrespective of whether such dwelling has a party wall or is otherwise physically connected with another dwelling” after “executed”.

Subsec. (c). Act Feb. 3, 1938, added subsec. (c).

Pub. L. 102–550, title V, subtitle C, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3794, which related to improvement of financing for multifamily housing and was formerly set out as a note under this section, was transferred or omitted as follows:

Section 541 of Pub. L. 102–550 was transferred and is set out as a note under section 1701 of this title;

Section 542 of Pub. L. 102–550 was transferred to section 1715z–22 of this title;

Section 543 of Pub. L. 102–550, as amended by Pub. L. 111–203, title III, §371, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1565, was omitted from the Code;

Section 544 of Pub. L. 102–550 was transferred to section 1715z–22a of this title.

Subject to the provisions of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 [2 U.S.C. 661 et seq.], there is hereby created a Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund (in this subchapter referred to as the “Fund”), which shall be used by the Secretary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter with respect to mortgages insured under section 1709 of this title. The Secretary may enter into commitments to guarantee, and may guarantee, such insured mortgages.

The authority of the Secretary to enter into commitments to guarantee such insured mortgages shall be effective for any fiscal year only to the extent that the aggregate original principal loan amount under such mortgages, any part of which is guaranteed, does not exceed the amount specified in appropriations Acts for such fiscal year.

The Secretary has a responsibility to ensure that the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund remains financially sound.

The Secretary shall provide for an independent actuarial study of the Fund to be conducted annually, which shall analyze the financial position of the Fund. The Secretary shall submit a report annually to the Congress describing the results of such study and assessing the financial status of the Fund. The report shall recommend adjustments to underwriting standards, program participation, or premiums, if necessary, to ensure that the Fund remains financially sound. The report shall also include an evaluation of the quality control procedures and accuracy of information utilized in the process of underwriting loans guaranteed by the Fund. Such evaluation shall include a review of the risk characteristics of loans based not only on borrower information and performance, but on risks associated with loans originated or funded by various entities or financial institutions.

During each fiscal year, the Secretary shall submit a report to the Congress for each calendar quarter, which shall specify for mortgages that are obligations of the Fund—

(A) the cumulative volume of loan guarantee commitments that have been made during such fiscal year through the end of the quarter for which the report is submitted;

(B) the types of loans insured, categorized by risk;

(C) any significant changes between actual and projected claim and prepayment activity;

(D) projected versus actual loss rates; and

(E) updated projections of the annual subsidy rates to ensure that increases in risk to the Fund are identified and mitigated by adjustments to underwriting standards, program participation, or premiums, and the financial soundness of the Fund is maintained.

The first quarterly report under this paragraph shall be submitted on the last day of the first quarter of fiscal year 2008, or on the last day of the first full calendar quarter following July 30, 2008, whichever is later.

If, pursuant to the independent actuarial study of the Fund required under paragraph (4), the Secretary determines that the Fund is not meeting the operational goals established under paragraph (7) or there is a substantial probability that the Fund will not maintain its established target subsidy rate, the Secretary may either make programmatic adjustments under this subchapter as necessary to reduce the risk to the Fund, or make appropriate premium adjustments.

The operational goals for the Fund are—

(A) to minimize the default risk to the Fund and to homeowners by among other actions instituting fraud prevention quality control screening not later than 18 months after July 30, 2008; and

(B) to meet the housing needs of the borrowers that the single family mortgage insurance program under this subchapter is designed to serve.

There is created a Federal Housing Administration Advisory Board (“Board”) that shall review operation of the Federal Housing Administration, including the activities of the Mortgagee Review Board, and shall provide advice to the Federal Housing Commissioner with respect to the formulation of general policies of the Federal Housing Administration and such other matters as the Federal Housing Commissioner may deem appropriate. The Advisory Board shall, in all other respects, be subject to the provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act.

(1) The Advisory Board shall be composed of 15 members to be appointed from among individuals who have substantial expertise and broad experience in housing and mortgage lending of whom—

(A) 9 shall be appointed by the Secretary;

(B) 3 shall be appointed by the Chairman and Ranking Minority Member of the Subcommittee on Housing and Urban Affairs of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and

(C) 3 shall be appointed by the Chairman and Ranking Minority Member of the Subcommittee on Housing and Community Development of the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs of the House of Representatives.

(2) Membership on the Advisory Board shall include—

(A) not less than 4 persons with distinguished private sector careers in housing finance, lending, management, development or insurance;

(B) not less than 4 persons with outstanding reputations as licensed actuaries, experts in actuarial science, or economics related to housing;

(C) not less than 4 persons with backgrounds of leadership in representing the interests of housing consumers;

(D) not less than 1 person with significant experience and a distinguished reputation for work in the enforcement, advocacy, or development of fair housing or civil rights legislation; and

(E) not less than 1 person with a background of leadership representing rural housing interests.

(3) Members of the Advisory Board shall be selected to ensure, to the greatest extent practicable, geographical representation or every region of the country.

(4) Not more than 8 members of the Advisory Board may be from any one political party.

(5) Membership of the Advisory Board shall not include any person who, during the previous 24-month period, was required to register with the Secretary under section 3537b(c) 1 of title 42 or employed a person for purposes that required such person to so register.

(6) Of the members of the Advisory Board first appointed, 5 shall have terms of l year, and 5 shall have terms of 2 years. Their successors and all other appointees shall have terms of 3 years.

(7) The Advisory Board is empowered to confer with, request information of, and make recommendations to the Federal Housing Commissioner. The Commissioner shall promptly provide the Advisory Board with such information as the Board determines to be necessary to carry out its review of the activities and policies of the Federal Housing Administration.

(8) The Board shall, not later than December 31 of each year, submit to the Secretary and the Congress a report of its assessment of the activities of the Federal Housing Administration, including the soundness of underwriting procedures, the adequacy of information systems, the appropriateness of staffing patterns, the effectiveness of the Mortgagee Review Board, and other matters related to the Federal Housing Administration's ability to serve the nation's homebuyers and renters. Such report shall contain the Board's recommendations for improvement and include any minority views.

(9) The Board shall meet in Washington, D.C., not less than twice annually, or more frequently if requested by the Federal Housing Commissioner or a majority of the members. The Board shall elect a chair, vice-chair and secretary and adopt methods of procedure. The Board may establish committees and subcommittees as needed.

(10) Subject to the provisions of Section 7 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, all members of the Board may be compensated and shall be entitled to reimbursement from the Department for traveling expenses incurred in attendance at meetings of the Board.

(11) The Board shall terminate on January 1, 1995.

There is established within the Federal Housing Administration the Mortgagee Review Board (“Board”). The Board is empowered to initiate the issuance of a letter of reprimand, the probation, suspension or withdrawal of any mortgagee found to be engaging in activities in violation of Federal Housing Administration requirements or the nondiscrimination requirements of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act [15 U.S.C. 1691 et seq.], the Fair Housing Act [42 U.S.C. 3601 et seq.], or Executive Order 11063.

The Board shall consist of—

(A) the Assistant Secretary of Housing/Federal Housing Commissioner;

(B) the General Counsel of the Department;

(C) the President of the Government National Mortgage Association;

(D) the Assistant Secretary for Administration;

(E) the Assistant Secretary for Fair Housing Enforcement (in cases involving violations of nondiscrimination requirements); and

(F) the Chief Financial Officer of the Department or their designees.

When any report, audit, investigation, or other information before the Board discloses that a basis for an administrative action against a mortgagee exists, the Board shall take one of the following administrative actions:

The Board may issue a letter of reprimand only once to a mortgagee without taking action under subparagraphs 2 (B), (C), or (D) of this section. A letter of reprimand shall explain the violation and describe actions the mortgagee should take to correct the violation.

The Board may place a mortgagee on probation for a specified period of time not to exceed 6 months for the purpose of evaluating the mortgagee's compliance with Federal Housing Administration requirements, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act [15 U.S.C. 1691 et seq.], the Fair Housing Act [42 U.S.C. 3601 et seq.], Executive Order 11063, or orders of the Board. During the probation period, the Board may impose reasonable additional requirements on a mortgagee including supervision of the mortgagee's activities by the Federal Housing Administration, periodic reporting to the Federal Housing Commissioner, or submission to Federal Housing Administration audits of internal financial statements, audits by an independent certified public accountant or other audits.

The Board may issue an order temporarily suspending a mortgagee's approval for doing business with the Federal Housing Administration if (i) there exists adequate evidence of a violation or violations and (ii) continuation of the mortgagee's approval, pending or at the completion of any audit, investigation, or other review, or such administrative or other legal proceedings as may ensue, would not be in the public interest or in the best interests of the Department. Notwithstanding paragraph (4)(A), a suspension shall be effective upon issuance by the Board if the Board determines that there exists adequate evidence that immediate action is required to protect the financial interests of the Department or the public. A suspension shall last for not less than 6 months, and for not longer than 1 year. The Board may extend the suspension for an additional 6 months if it determines the extension is in the public interest. If the Board and the mortgagee agree, these time limits may be extended. During the period of suspension, the Federal Housing Administration shall not commit to insure any mortgage originated by the suspended mortgagee.

The Board may issue an order withdrawing a mortgagee if the Board has made a determination of a serious violation or repeated violations by the mortgagee. The Board shall determine the terms of such withdrawal, but the term shall be not less than 1 year. Where the Board has determined that the violation is egregious or willful, the withdrawal shall be permanent.

The Board may at any time enter into a settlement agreement with a mortgagee to resolve any outstanding grounds for an action. Agreements may include provisions such as—

(i) cessation of any violation;

(ii) correction or mitigation of the effects of any violation;

(iii) repayment of any sums of money wrongfully or incorrectly paid to the mortgagee by a mortgagor, by a seller or by the Federal Housing Administration;

(iv) actions to collect sums of money wrongfully or incorrectly paid by the mortgagee to a third party;

(v) indemnification of the Federal Housing Administration for mortgage insurance claims on mortgages originated in violation of Federal Housing Administration requirements;

(vi) modification of the length of the penalty imposed; or

(vii) implementation of other corrective measures acceptable to the Secretary.

Material failure to comply with the provisions of a settlement agreement shall be sufficient cause for suspension or withdrawal.

(A) The Board shall issue a written notice to the mortgagee at least 30 days prior to taking any action against the mortgagee under subparagraph (B), (C), or (D) of paragraph (3). The notice shall state the specific violations which have been alleged, and shall direct the mortgagee to reply in writing to the Board within 30 days. If the mortgagee fails to reply during such period, the Board may make a determination without considering any comments of the mortgagee.

(B) If the Board takes action against a mortgagee under subparagraph (B), (C), or (D) of paragraph (3), the Board shall promptly notify the mortgagee in writing of the nature, duration, and specific reasons for the action. If, within 30 days of receiving the notice, the mortgagee requests a hearing, the Board shall hold a hearing on the record regarding the violations within 30 days of receiving the request. If a mortgagee fails to request a hearing within such 30-day period, the right of the mortgagee to a hearing shall be considered waived.

(C) In any case in which the notification of the Board does not result in a hearing (including any settlement by the Board and a mortgagee), any information regarding the nature of the violation and the resolution of the action shall be available to the public.

The Secretary shall establish and publish in the Federal Register a description of and the cause for administrative action against a mortgagee.

(A) Whenever the Secretary, upon request of the Mortgagee Review Board, determines that there is reasonable cause to believe that a mortgagee is violating, has violated, or is about to violate, a law, rule or regulation or any condition imposed in writing by the Secretary or the Board, and that such violation could result in significant cost to the Federal Government or the public, the Secretary may issue a temporary order requiring the mortgagee to cease and desist from any such violation and to take affirmative action to prevent such violation or a continuation of such violation pending completion of proceedings of the Board with respect to such violation. Such order shall include a notice of charges in respect thereof and shall become effective upon service to the mortgagee. Such order shall remain effective and enforceable for a period not to exceed 30 days pending the completion of proceedings of the Board with respect to such violation, unless such order is set aside, limited, or suspended by a court in proceedings authorized by subparagraph (B) of this paragraph. The Board shall provide the mortgagee an opportunity for a hearing on the record, as soon as practicable but not later than 20 days after the temporary cease-and-desist order has been served.

(B) Within 10 days after the mortgagee has been served with a temporary cease-and-desist order, the mortgagee may apply to the United States district court for the judicial district in which the home office of the mortgagee is located, or the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, for an injunction setting aside, limiting of suspending the enforcement, operation, or effectiveness of such order pending the completion of the administrative proceedings pursuant to the notice of charges served upon the mortgagee, and such court shall have jurisdiction to issue such injunction.

(C) In the case of violation or threatened violation of, or failure to obey, a temporary cease-and-desist order issued pursuant to this paragraph, the Secretary may apply to the United States district court, or the United States court of any territory, within the jurisdiction of which the home office of the mortgagee is located, for an injunction to enforce such order, and, if the court shall determine that there has been such violation or threatened violation or failure to obey, it shall be the duty of the court to issue such injunction.

For purposes of this subsection, the term “mortgagee” means—

(A) a mortgagee approved under this chapter;

(B) a lender or a loan correspondent approved under subchapter I of this chapter;

(C) a branch office or subsidiary of the mortgagee, lender, or loan correspondent; or

(D) a director, officer, employee, agent, or other person participating in the conduct of the affairs of the mortgagee, lender, or loan correspondent.

The Board, in consultation with the Federal Housing Administration Advisory Board, shall annually recommend to the Secretary such amendments to statute or regulation as the Board determines to be appropriate to ensure the long term financial strength of the Federal Housing Administration fund and the adequate support for home mortgage credit.

No State or local law, and no Federal law (except a Federal law enacted expressly in limitation of this subsection after the effective date of this sentence), shall preclude or limit the exercise by the Board of its power to take any action authorized under paragraphs (3) and (6) of this subsection against any mortgagee.

Any person or entity that is not approved by the Secretary to serve as a mortgagee, as such term is defined in subsection (c)(7), shall not participate in the origination of an FHA-insured loan except as authorized by the Secretary.

In order to be eligible for approval by the Secretary, an applicant mortgagee shall not be, and shall not have any officer, partner, director, principal, manager, supervisor, loan processor, loan underwriter, or loan originator of the applicant mortgagee who is—

(A) currently suspended, debarred, under a limited denial of participation (LDP), or otherwise restricted under part 25 of title 24 of the Code of Federal Regulations, 2 Code of Federal Regulations, part 180 as implemented by part 2424, or any successor regulations to such parts, or under similar provisions of any other Federal agency;

(B) under indictment for, or has been convicted of, an offense that reflects adversely upon the applicant's integrity, competence or fitness to meet the responsibilities of an approved mortgagee;

(C) subject to unresolved findings contained in a Department of Housing and Urban Development or other governmental audit, investigation, or review;

(D) engaged in business practices that do not conform to generally accepted practices of prudent mortgagees or that demonstrate irresponsibility;

(E) convicted of, or who has pled guilty or nolo contendre 3 to, a felony related to participation in the real estate or mortgage loan industry—

(i) during the 7-year period preceding the date of the application for licensing and registration; or

(ii) at any time preceding such date of application, if such felony involved an act of fraud, dishonesty, or a breach of trust, or money laundering;

(F) in violation of provisions of the S.A.F.E. Mortgage Licensing Act of 2008 (12 U.S.C. 5101 et seq.) or any applicable provision of State law; or

(G) in violation of any other requirement as established by the Secretary.

The Secretary shall conduct a rulemaking to carry out this subsection. The Secretary shall implement this subsection not later than the expiration of the 60-day period beginning upon May 20, 2009, by notice, mortgagee letter, or interim final regulations, which shall take effect upon issuance.

(1) Whenever the Federal Housing Administration or Government National Mortgage Association initiates proceedings that could lead to withdrawing the mortgagee from participating in the program, the initiating agency shall—

(A) within 24 hours notify the other agency in writing of the action taken;

(B) provide to the other agency the factual basis for the action taken; and

(C) if a mortgagee is withdrawn, publish its decision in the Federal Register.

(2) Within 60 days of receipt of a notification of action that could lead to withdrawal under subsection 4 (1), the Federal Housing Administration or the Government National Mortgage Association shall—

(A) conduct and complete its own investigation;

(B) provide written notification to the other agency of its decision, including the factual basis for its decision; and

(C) if a mortgagee is withdrawn, publish its decision in the Federal Register.

Whenever the Secretary has taken any discretionary action to suspend or revoke the approval of any mortgagee to participate in any mortgage insurance program under this subchapter, the Secretary shall provide prompt notice of the action and a statement of the reasons for the action to—

(1) the Secretary of Veterans Affairs;

(2) the chief executive officer of the Federal National Mortgage Association;

(3) the chief executive officer of the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation;

(4) the Secretary of Agriculture;

(5) if the mortgagee is a national bank, or a subsidiary or affiliate of such a bank, the Comptroller of the Currency;

(6) if the mortgagee is a State bank that is a member of the Federal Reserve System or a subsidiary or affiliate of such a bank, or a bank holding company or a subsidiary or affiliate of such a company, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System;

(7) if the mortgagee is a State bank that is not a member of the Federal Reserve System or is a subsidiary or affiliate of such a bank, the Board of Directors of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; and

(8) if the mortgagee is a Federal or State savings association or a subsidiary or affiliate of a savings association, the Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision.

(1) The Secretary shall prescribe standards for the appraisal of all property to be insured by the Federal Housing Administration. Such appraisals shall be performed in accordance with uniform standards, by individuals who have demonstrated competence and whose professional conduct is subject to effective supervision. These standards shall require at a minimum—

(A) that the appraisals of properties to be insured by the Federal Housing Administration shall be performed in accordance with generally accepted appraisal standards, such as the appraisal standards promulgated by the Appraisal Foundation a not-for-profit corporation established on November 30, 1987 under the laws of Illinois; and

(B) that each appraisal be a written statement used in connection with a real estate transaction that is independently an 5 impartially prepared by a licensed or certified appraiser setting forth an opinion of defined value of an adequately described property as of a specific date, supported by presentation and analysis of relevant market information.

(2) The Appraisal Subcommittee of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council shall include the Secretary or his designee.

(3)

(A) Any mortgagee that is authorized by the Secretary to process mortgages as a direct endorsement mortgagee (pursuant to the single-family home mortgage direct endorsement program established by the Secretary) may contract with an appraiser chosen at the discretion of the mortgagee for the performance of appraisals in connection with such mortgages. Such appraisers may include appraisal companies organized as corporations, partnerships, or sole proprietorships.

(B) Any appraisal conducted pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall be conducted by an individual who complies with the qualifications or standards for appraisers established by the Secretary pursuant to this subsection.

(C) In conducting an appraisal, such individual may utilize the assistance of others, who shall be under the direct supervision of the individual responsible for the appraisal. The individual responsible for the appraisal shall personally approve and sign any appraisal report.

(4)

(A) Any individual who is an employee of an appraisal company (including any company organized as a corporation, partnership, or sole proprietorship) and who meets the qualifications or standards for appraisers and inclusion on appraiser fee panels established by the Secretary, shall be eligible for assignment to conduct appraisals for mortgages under this subchapter in the same manner and on the same basis as other approved appraisers.

(B) With respect to any employee of an appraisal company described in subparagraph (A) who is offered an appraisal assignment in connection with a mortgage under this subchapter, the person utilizing the appraiser may contract directly with the appraisal company employing the appraiser for the furnishing of the appraisal services.

(5)

(A) be certified—

(i) by the State in which the property to be appraised is located; or

(ii) by a nationally recognized professional appraisal organization; and

(B) have demonstrated verifiable education in the appraisal requirements established by the Federal Housing Administration under this subsection.

The Secretary shall, by regulation, require each mortgagee approved by the Secretary for participation in the FHA mortgage insurance programs of the Secretary—

(1) to use the business name of the mortgagee that is registered with the Secretary in connection with such approval in all advertisements and promotional materials, as such terms are defined by the Secretary, relating to the business of such mortgagee in such mortgage insurance programs; and

(2) to maintain copies of all such advertisements and promotional materials, in such form and for such period as the Secretary requires.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §202, 48 Stat. 1248; Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §3, 52 Stat. 10; June 3, 1939, ch. 175, §5, 53 Stat. 805; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §142, Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2030; Pub. L. 101–625, title III, §322, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4134; Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §§502, 518, 519, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3778, 3792; Pub. L. 105–65, title V, §551, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1412; Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §209(c)], Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1441, 1441A–25; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title IV, §1404, div. B, title I, §§2116(1), (3), 2118(a), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2810, 2832, 2833; Pub. L. 111–22, div. A, title II, §203(a), (b), May 20, 2009, 123 Stat. 1643; Pub. L. 111–203, title III, §373, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1566.)

Pub. L. 111–203, title III, §§351, 373, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1546, 1566, provided that, effective on the transfer date, subsection (f) of this section is amended:

(1) by striking out paragraph (5) and adding the following:

*“(5) if the mortgagee is a national bank, a subsidiary or affiliate of such bank, a Federal savings association or a subsidiary or affiliate of a savings association, the Comptroller of the Currency;”;*

(2) in paragraph (6), by inserting “and” at the end;

(3) in paragraph (7)—

(A) by inserting “or State savings association” after “State bank”; and

(B) by substituting a period for “; and”; and

(4) by striking out paragraph (8).

See Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note below.

The Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is title V of Pub. L. 93–344, as added by Pub. L. 101–508, title XIII, §13201(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–609, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§661 et seq.) of chapter 17A of Title 2, The Congress. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 621 of Title 2 and Tables.

The Federal Advisory Committee Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 92–463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, as amended, which is set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Section 3537b(c) of title 42, referred to in subsec. (b)(5), was in the original “section 112(c) of the Department of Housing and Urban Development Reform Act of 1989”, meaning section 112 of Pub. L. 101–235, which does not contain a subsec. (c), but enacted section 13 of the Department of Housing and Urban Development Act, which was classified to section 3537b of title 42 prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–65, §11(b)(1), Dec. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 701, and which contained a subsec. (c) relating to registration with the Secretary.

The Equal Credit Opportunity Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), (3)(B), is title VII of Pub. L. 90–321, as added by Pub. L. 93–495, title V, §503, Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1521, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter IV (§1691 et seq.) of chapter 41 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1601 of Title 15 and Tables.

The Fair Housing Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), (3)(B), is title VIII of Pub. L. 90–284, Apr. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 81, as amended, which is classified principally to subchapter I (§3601 et seq.) of chapter 45 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3601 of Title 42 and Tables.

Executive Order 11063, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), (3)(B), is set out as a note under section 1982 of Title 42.

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(A), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The effective date of this sentence, referred to in subsec. (c)(9), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 111–22, which enacted par. (9) and was approved May 20, 2009.

The S.A.F.E. Mortgage Licensing Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(F), is title V of div. A of Pub. L. 110–289, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2810, also known as the Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act of 2008, which is classified generally to chapter 51 (§5101 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5101 of this title and Tables.

Section 1709(s) of this title, which was transferred and redesignated as subsec. (e) of this section by Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2116(3), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2832, was based on act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §203(s), as added Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §135, Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2028; amended Pub. L. 108–386, §8(b), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2231; Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2116(2), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2832.

**2009**—Subsec. (c)(2)(E). Pub. L. 111–22, §203(a)(1)(A), inserted “and” after semicolon at end.

Subsec. (c)(2)(F). Pub. L. 111–22, §203(a)(1)(B), substituted “or their designees.” for “; and”.

Subsec. (c)(2)(G). Pub. L. 111–22, §203(a)(1)(C), struck out subpar. (G), which read as follows: “the Director of the Enforcement Center; or their designees.”

Subsec. (c)(9). Pub. L. 111–22, §203(a)(2), added par. (9).

Subsecs. (d) to (g). Pub. L. 111–22, §203(b)(1), (2), added subsec. (d) and redesignated former subsecs. (d) to (f) as (e) to (g), respectively.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 111–22, §203(b)(3), added subsec. (h).

**2008**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–289, §2118(a), amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “There is created a Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Fund’), which shall be used by the Secretary as a revolving fund for carrying out the provisions of this subchapter with respect to mortgages insured under section 1709 of this title as hereinafter provided, and there shall be allocated immediately to such Fund the sum of $10,000,000 out of funds made available to the Secretary for the purposes of this subchapter.”

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–289, §2116(3), transferred subsec. (s) of section 1709 of this title and redesignated it as subsec. (e) of this section. See Codification note above. Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (e)(3)(B). Pub. L. 110–289, §2116(1)(A), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to “this subsection”.

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 110–289, §1404, added par. (5).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–289, §2116(1)(B), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f).

**2000**—Subsec. (c)(2)(E). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §209(c)(1)], struck out “and” at end.

Subsec. (c)(2)(F). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §209(c)(2)], which directed substitution of “and” for “or their designees.”, was executed by inserting “and” after semicolon to reflect the probable intent of Congress, because the phrase “or their designees.” appeared at end of par. (2) and did not appear in subpar. (F).

Subsec. (c)(2)(G). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §209(c)(3)], added subpar. (G).

**1997**—Subsec. (c)(3)(C). Pub. L. 105–65 inserted after first sentence “Notwithstanding paragraph (4)(A), a suspension shall be effective upon issuance by the Board if the Board determines that there exists adequate evidence that immediate action is required to protect the financial interests of the Department or the public.”

**1992**—Subsec. (b)(11). Pub. L. 102–550, §502, added par. (11).

Subsec. (c)(3)(C). Pub. L. 102–550, §518, inserted “temporarily” after “order”, “(i)” after “Administration if”, “(ii)” after “violations and”, and “, and for not longer than 1 year. The Board may extend the suspension for an additional 6 months if it determines the extension is in the public interest. If the Board and the mortgagee agree, these time limits may be extended” after “6 months”.

Subsec. (c)(6)(D). Pub. L. 102–550, §519(1), struck out subpar. (D) which read as follows: “For purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘mortgagee’ means a mortgagee, a branch office or subsidiary of a mortgagee, or a director, officer, employee, agent, or other person participating in the conduct of the affairs of such mortgagee.”

Subsec. (c)(7), (8). Pub. L. 102–550, §519(2), added par. (7) and redesignated former par. (7) as (8).

**1990**—Subsec. (e)(3), (4). Pub. L. 101–625 added pars. (3) and (4).

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–235 substituted “Federal Housing Administration operations” for “Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund” in section catchline, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and inserted heading, and added subsecs. (b) to (e).

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

**1939**—Act June 3, 1939, substituted “created” for “create”.

**1938**—Act Feb. 3, 1938, inserted “with respect to mortgages insured under section 1709 of this title”.

Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Banking and Financial Services of House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress. Committee on Banking and Financial Services of House of Representatives abolished and replaced by Committee on Financial Services of House of Representatives, and jurisdiction over matters relating to securities and exchanges and insurance generally transferred from Committee on Energy and Commerce of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Seventh Congress, Jan. 3, 2001.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the transfer date, see section 351 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 906 of Title 2, The Congress.

Pub. L. 111–22, div. A, title II, §203(g), May 20, 2009, 123 Stat. 1648, provided that: “Not later than the expiration of the 3-month period beginning upon the date of the enactment of this Act [May 20, 2009], the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall—

“(1) expand the existing process for reviewing new applicants for approval for participation in the mortgage insurance programs of the Secretary for mortgages on 1- to 4-family residences for the purpose of identifying applicants who represent a high risk to the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund; and

“(2) implement procedures that, for mortgagees approved during the 12-month period ending upon such date of enactment—

“(A) expand the number of mortgages originated by such mortgagees that are reviewed for compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and policies; and

“(B) include a process for random reviews of such mortgagees and a process for reviews that is based on volume of mortgages originated by such mortgagees.”

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Probably should be “subparagraph”.

3 So in original. Probably should be “contendere”.

4 So in original. Probably should be “paragraph”.

5 So in original. Probably should be “and”.

The Secretary is authorized, upon application by the mortgagee, to insure as hereinafter provided any mortgage offered to him which is eligible for insurance as hereinafter provided, and, upon such terms as the Secretary may prescribe, to make commitments for the insuring of such mortgages prior to the date of their execution or disbursement thereon.

To be eligible for insurance under this section a mortgage shall comply with the following:

(1) Have been made to, and be held by, a mortgagee approved by the Secretary as responsible and able to service the mortgage properly.

(2) Involve a principal obligation (including such initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees as the Secretary shall approve) in an amount—

(A) not to exceed the lesser of—

(i) in the case of a 1-family residence, 115 percent of the median 1-family house price in the area, as determined by the Secretary; and in the case of a 2-, 3-, or 4-family residence, the percentage of such median price that bears the same ratio to such median price as the dollar amount limitation determined under the sixth sentence of section 1454(a)(2) of this title for a 2-, 3-, or 4-family residence, respectively, bears to the dollar amount limitation determined under such section for a 1-family residence; or

(ii) 150 percent of the dollar amount limitation determined under the sixth sentence of such section 1454(a)(2) for a residence of applicable size;

except that the dollar amount limitation in effect under this subparagraph for any size residence for any area may not be less than the greater of: (I) the dollar amount limitation in effect under this section for the area on October 21, 1998; or (II) 65 percent of the dollar amount limitation determined under the sixth sentence of such section 1454(a)(2) for a residence of the applicable size; and

(B) not to exceed 100 percent of the appraised value of the property.

For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term “area” means a metropolitan statistical area as established by the Office of Management and Budget; and the median 1-family house price for an area shall be equal to the median 1-family house price of the county within the area that has the highest such median price. Notwithstanding any other provision of this paragraph, the amount which may be insured under this section may be increased by up to 20 percent if such increase is necessary to account for the increased cost of the residence due to the installation of a solar energy system (as defined in subparagraph (3) of the last paragraph of section 1703(a) of this title) therein.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this paragraph, the Secretary may not insure, or enter into a commitment to insure, a mortgage under this section that is executed by a first-time homebuyer and that involves a principal obligation (including such initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees as the Secretary shall approve) in excess of 97 percent of the appraised value of the property unless the mortgagor has completed a program of counseling with respect to the responsibilities and financial management involved in homeownership that is approved by the Secretary; except that the Secretary may, in the discretion of the Secretary, waive the applicability of this requirement.

(3) Have a maturity satisfactory to the Secretary, but not to exceed, in any event, thirty-five years (or thirty years if such mortgage is not approved for insurance prior to construction) from the date of the beginning of amortization of the mortgage.

(4) Contain complete amortization provisions satisfactory to the Secretary requiring periodic payments by the mortgagor not in excess of his reasonable ability to pay as determined by the Secretary.

(5) Bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee.

(6) Provide, in a manner satisfactory to the Secretary, for the application of the mortgagor's periodic payments (exclusive of the amount allocated to interest and to the premium charge which is required for mortgage insurance as hereinafter provided) to amortization of the principal of the mortgage.

(7) Contain such terms and provisions with respect to insurance, repairs, alterations, payment of taxes, default, reserves, delinquency charges, foreclosure proceedings, anticipation of maturity, additional and secondary liens, and other matters as the Secretary may in his discretion prescribe.

(8) Repealed. Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §406(b)(2), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1900.

(9)

(A)

(B)

(i) such lien shall be subordinate to the mortgage; and

(ii) the sum of the principal obligation of the mortgage and the obligation secured by such lien may not exceed 100 percent of the appraised value of the property plus any initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees in connection with the mortgage.

(C)

(i) The seller or any other person or entity that financially benefits from the transaction.

(ii) Any third party or entity that is reimbursed, directly or indirectly, by any of the parties described in clause (i).

This subparagraph shall apply only to mortgages for which the mortgagee has issued credit approval for the borrower on or after October 1, 2008.

(1) The Secretary is authorized to fix premium charges for the insurance of mortgages under the separate sections of this subchapter but in the case of any mortgage such charge shall be not less than an amount equivalent to one-fourth of 1 per centum per annum nor more than an amount equivalent to 1 per centum per annum of the amount of the principal obligation of the mortgage outstanding at any time, without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments: *Provided*, That premium charges fixed for insurance (1) under section 1715z–10,1 1715z–12, 1715z–16, 1715z–17, or 1715z–18 of this title, or any other financing mechanism providing alternative methods for repayment of a mortgage that is determined by the Secretary to involve additional risk, or (2) under subsection (n) of this section are not required to be the same as the premium charges for mortgages insured under the other provisions of this section, but in no case shall premium charges under subsection (n) of this section exceed 1 per centum per annum: *Provided*, That any reduced premium charge so fixed and computed may, in the discretion of the Secretary, also be made applicable in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe to each insured mortgage outstanding under the section or sections involved at the time the reduced premium charge is fixed. Such premium charges shall be payable by the mortgagee, either in cash, or in debentures issued by the Secretary under this subchapter at par plus accrued interest, in such manner as may be prescribed by the Secretary: *Provided*, That debentures presented in payment of premium charges shall represent obligations of the particular insurance fund or account to which such premium charges are to be credited: *Provided further*, That the Secretary may require the payment of one or more such premium charges at the time the mortgage is insured, at such discount rate as he may prescribe not in excess of the interest rate specified in the mortgage. If the Secretary finds upon the presentation of a mortgage for insurance and the tender of the initial premium charge or charges so required that the mortgage complies with the provisions of this section, such mortgage may be accepted for insurance by endorsement or otherwise as the Secretary may prescribe; but no mortgage shall be accepted for insurance under this section unless the Secretary finds that the project with respect to which the mortgage is executed is economically sound. In the event that the principal obligation of any mortgage accepted for insurance is paid in full prior to the maturity date, the Secretary is further authorized in his discretion to require the payment by the mortgagee of an adjusted premium charge in such amount as the Secretary determines to be equitable, but not in excess of the aggregate amount of the premium charges that the mortgagee would otherwise have been required to pay if the mortgage had continued to be insured under this section until such maturity date; and in the event that the principal obligation is paid in full as herein set forth the Secretary is authorized to refund to the mortgagee for the account of the mortgagor all, or such portion as he shall determine to be equitable, of the current unearned premium charges theretofore paid: *Provided*, That with respect to mortgages (1) for which the Secretary requires, at the time the mortgage is insured, the payment of a single premium charge to cover the total premium obligation for the insurance of the mortgage, and (2) on which the principal obligation is paid before the number of years on which the premium with respect to a particular mortgage was based, or the property is sold subject to the mortgage or is sold and the mortgage is assumed prior to such time, the Secretary shall provide for refunds, where appropriate, of a portion of the premium paid and shall provide for appropriate allocation of the premium cost among the mortgagors over the term of the mortgage, in accordance with procedures established by the Secretary which take into account sound financial and actuarial considerations.

(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, each mortgage secured by a 1- to 4-family dwelling that is an obligation of the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund shall be subject to the following requirements:

(A) The Secretary shall establish and collect, at the time of insurance, a single premium payment in an amount not exceeding 3 percent of the amount of the original insured principal obligation of the mortgage. In the case of a mortgage for which the mortgagor is a first-time homebuyer who completes a program of counseling with respect to the responsibilities and financial management involved in homeownership that is approved by the Secretary, the premium payment under this subparagraph shall not exceed 2.75 percent of the amount of the original insured principal obligation of the mortgage. Upon payment in full of the principal obligation of a mortgage prior to the maturity date of the mortgage, the Secretary shall refund all of the unearned premium charges paid on the mortgage pursuant to this subparagraph, provided that the mortgagor refinances the unpaid principal obligation under this subchapter.

(B) In addition to the premium under subparagraph (A), the Secretary may establish and collect annual premium payments in an amount not exceeding 1.5 percent of the remaining insured principal balance (excluding the portion of the remaining balance attributable to the premium collected under subparagraph (A) and without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments) for the following periods:

(i) For any mortgage involving an original principal obligation (excluding any premium collected under subparagraph (A)) that is less than 90 percent of the appraised value of the property (as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance), for the first 11 years of the mortgage term.

(ii) For any mortgage involving an original principal obligation (excluding any premium collected under subparagraph (A)) that is greater than or equal to 90 percent of such value, for the first 30 years of the mortgage term; except that notwithstanding the matter preceding clause (i), for any mortgage involving an original principal obligation (excluding any premium collected under subparagraph (A)) that is greater than 95 percent of such value, the annual premium collected during the 30-year period under this clause may be in an amount not exceeding 1.55 percent of the remaining insured principal balance (excluding the portion of the remaining balance attributable to the premium collected under subparagraph (A) and without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments).

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, notwithstanding 2 provision of this subchapter governing maximum mortgage amounts for insuring a mortgage secured by a one- to four-family dwelling, the maximum amount of the mortgage determined under any such provision may be increased by the amount of the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured.

(2) The maximum amount of a mortgage determined under subsection (b)(2)(B) of this section may not be increased as provided in paragraph (1).

Any contract of insurance heretofore or hereafter executed by the Secretary under this subchapter shall be conclusive evidence of the eligibility of the loan or mortgage for insurance, and the validity of any contract of insurance so executed shall be incontestable in the hands of an approved financial institution or approved mortgagee from the date of the execution of such contract, except for fraud or misrepresentation on the part of such approved financial institution or approved mortgagee.

In conjunction with any loan insured under this section, an original lender shall provide to each prospective borrower a disclosure notice that provides a 1-page analysis of mortgage products offered by that lender and for which the borrower would qualify.

The notice required under paragraph (1) shall include—

(A) a generic analysis comparing the note rate (and associated interest payments), insurance premiums, and other costs and fees that would be due over the life of the loan for a loan insured by the Secretary under subsection (b) of this section with the note rates, insurance premiums (if applicable), and other costs and fees that would be expected to be due if the mortgagor obtained instead other mortgage products offered by the lender and for which the borrower would qualify with a similar loan-to-value ratio in connection with a conventional mortgage (as that term is used in section 1454(a)(2) of this title or section 1717(b)(2) of this title, as applicable), assuming prevailing interest rates; and

(B) a statement regarding when the requirement of the mortgagor to pay the mortgage insurance premiums for a mortgage insured under this section would terminate, or a statement that the requirement shall terminate only if the mortgage is refinanced, paid off, or otherwise terminated.

(1) The Secretary may insure a mortgage under this subchapter that is secured by a 1- to 4-family dwelling, or approve a substitute mortgagor with respect to any such mortgage, only if the mortgagor is to occupy the dwelling as his or her principal residence or as a secondary residence, as determined by the Secretary. In making this determination with respect to the occupancy of secondary residences, the Secretary may not insure mortgages with respect to such residences unless the Secretary determines that it is necessary to avoid undue hardship to the mortgagor. In no event may a secondary residence under this subsection include a vacation home, as determined by the Secretary.

(2) The occupancy requirement established in paragraph (1) shall not apply to any mortgagor (or co-mortgagor, as appropriate) that is—

(A) a public entity, as provided in section 1715d or 1715z–12 of this title, or any other State or local government or an agency thereof;

(B) a private nonprofit or public entity, as provided in section 1715*l*(h) or 1715z(j) of this title, or other private nonprofit organization that is exempt from taxation under section 501(c)(3) of title 26 and intends to sell or lease the mortgaged property to low or moderate-income persons, as determined by the Secretary;

(C) an Indian tribe, as provided in section 1715z–13 of this title;

(D) a serviceperson who is unable to meet such requirement because of his or her duty assignment, as provided in section 1715g of this title or subsection (b)(4) or (f) of section 1715m 1 of this title;

(E) a mortgagor or co-mortgagor under subsection (k) of this section; or

(F) a mortgagor that, pursuant to section 1715n(a)(7) of this title, is refinancing an existing mortgage insured under this chapter for not more than the outstanding balance of the existing mortgage, if the amount of the monthly payment due under the refinancing mortgage is less than the amount due under the existing mortgage for the month in which the refinancing mortgage is executed.

(3) For purposes of this subsection, the term “substitute mortgagor” means a person who, upon the release by a mortgagee of a previous mortgagor from personal liability on the mortgage note, assumes such liability and agrees to pay the mortgage debt.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the Secretary is authorized to insure any mortgage which involves a principal obligation not in excess of the applicable maximum dollar limit under subsection (b) of this section and not in excess of 100 per centum of the appraised value of a property upon which there is located a dwelling designed principally for a single-family residence, where the mortgagor establishes (to the satisfaction of the Secretary) that his home which he occupied as an owner or as a tenant was destroyed or damaged to such an extent that reconstruction is required as a result of a flood, fire, hurricane, earthquake, storm, or other catastrophe which the President, pursuant to sections 5122(2) and 5170 of title 42, has determined to be a major disaster.

Loans secured by mortgages insured under this section shall not be taken into account in determining the amount of real estate loans which a national bank may make in relation to its capital and surplus or its time and savings deposits.

(1) The Secretary may, in order to assist in the rehabilitation of one- to four-family structures used primarily for residential purposes, insure and make commitments to insure rehabilitation loans (including advances made during rehabilitation) made by financial institutions. Such commitments to insure and such insurance shall be made upon such terms and conditions which the Secretary may prescribe and which are consistent with the provisions of subsections (b), (c), (e), (i),1 and (j) of this section, except as modified by the provisions of this subsection.

(2) For the purpose of this subsection—

(A) the term “rehabilitation loan” means a loan, advance of credit, or purchase of an obligation representing a loan or advance of credit, made for the purpose of financing—

(i) the rehabilitation of an existing one- to four-unit structure which will be used primarily for residential purposes;

(ii) the rehabilitation of such a structure and the refinancing of the outstanding indebtedness on such structure and the real property on which the structure is located; or

(iii) the rehabilitation of such a structure and the purchase of the structure and the real property on which it is located; and

(B) the term “rehabilitation” means the improvement (including improvements designed to meet cost-effective energy conservation standards prescribed by the Secretary) or repair of a structure, or facilities in connection with a structure, and may include the provision of such sanitary or other facilities as are required by applicable codes, a community development plan, or a statewide property insurance plan to be provided by the owner or tenant of the project. The term “rehabilitation” may also include measures to evaluate and reduce lead-based paint hazards, as such terms are defined in section 4851b of title 42.

(3) To be eligible for insurance under this subsection, a rehabilitation loan shall—

(A) involve a principal obligation (including such initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees as the Secretary shall approve) in an amount which does not exceed, when added to any outstanding indebtedness of the borrower which is secured by the structure and the property on which it is located, the amount specified in subsection (b)(2) of this section; except that, in determining the amount of the principal obligation for purposes of this subsection, the Secretary shall establish as the appraised value of the property an amount not to exceed the sum of the estimated cost of rehabilitation and the Secretary's estimate of the value of the property before rehabilitation;

(B) bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the borrower and the financial institution;

(C) be an acceptable risk, as determined by the Secretary; and

(D) comply with such other terms, conditions, and restrictions as the Secretary may prescribe.

(4) Any rehabilitation loan insured under this subsection may be refinanced and extended in accordance with such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, but in no event for an additional amount or term which exceeds the maximum provided for in this subsection.

(5) All funds received and all disbursements made pursuant to the authority established by this subsection shall be credited or charged, as appropriate, to the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund, and insurance benefits shall be paid in cash out of such Fund or in debentures executed in the name of such Fund. Insurance benefits paid with respect to loans secured by a first mortgage and insured under this subsection shall be paid in accordance with section 1710 of this title. Insurance benefits paid with respect to loans secured by a mortgage other than a first mortgage and insured under this subsection shall be paid in accordance with paragraphs (6) and (7) of section 1715k(h) of this title, except that reference to “this subsection” in such paragraphs shall be construed as referring to this subsection.

(1) The Secretary is authorized to insure under this section any mortgage meeting the requirements of subsection (b) of this section, except as modified by this subsection. To be eligible, the mortgage shall involve a dwelling unit in a cooperative housing project which is covered by a blanket mortgage insured under this chapter or the construction of which was completed more than a year prior to the application for the mortgage insurance. The mortgage amount as determined under the other provisions of subsection (b) of this section shall be reduced by an amount equal to the portion of the unpaid balance of the blanket mortgage covering the project which is attributable (as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance) to such unit.

(2) For the purposes of this subsection—

(A) The terms “home mortgage” and “mortgage” include a first or subordinate mortgage or lien given (in accordance with the laws of the State where the property is located and accompanied by such security and other undertakings as may be required under regulations of the Secretary) to secure a loan made to finance the purchase of stock or membership in a cooperative ownership housing corporation the permanent occupancy of the dwelling units of which is restricted to members of such corporation, where the purchase of such stock or membership will entitle the purchaser to the permanent occupancy of one of such units.

(B) The terms “appraised value of the property”, “value of the property”, and “value” include the appraised value of a dwelling unit in a cooperative housing project of the type described in subparagraph (A) where the purchase of the stock or membership involved will entitle the purchaser to the permanent occupancy of that unit; and the term “property” includes a dwelling unit in such a cooperative project.

(C) The term “mortgagor” includes a person or persons giving a first or subordinate mortgage or lien (of the type described in subparagraph (A)) to secure a loan to finance the purchase of stock or membership in a cooperative housing corporation.

The Secretary shall take appropriate actions to reduce losses under the single-family mortgage insurance programs carried out under this subchapter. Such actions shall include—

(1) an annual review by the Secretary of the rate of early serious defaults and claims, in accordance with section 1735f–11 of this title;

(2) requiring that at least one person acquiring ownership of a one- to four-family residential property encumbered by a mortgage insured under this subchapter be determined to be creditworthy under standards prescribed by the Secretary, whether or not such person assumes personal liability under the mortgage (except that acquisitions by devise or descent shall not be subject to this requirement);

(3) in any case where personal liability under a mortgage is assumed, requiring that the original mortgagor be advised of the procedures by which he or she may be released from liability; and

(4) providing counseling, either directly or through third parties, to delinquent mortgagors whose mortgages are insured under this section, using the Fund to pay for such counseling.

In any case where the homeowner does not request a release from liability, the purchaser and the homeowner shall have joint and several liability for any default for a period of 5 years following the date of the assumption. After the close of such 5-year period, only the purchaser shall be liable for any default on the mortgage unless the mortgage is in default at the time of the expiration of the 5-year period.

(1) Each mortgagee (or servicer) with respect to a mortgage under this section shall provide each mortgagor of such mortgagee (or servicer) written notice, not less than annually, containing a statement of the amount outstanding for prepayment of the principal amount of the mortgage and describing any requirements the mortgagor must fulfill to prevent the accrual of any interest on such principal amount after the date of any prepayment. This paragraph shall apply to any insured mortgage outstanding on or after the expiration of the 90-day period beginning on the date of effectiveness of final regulations implementing this paragraph.

(2) Each mortgagee (or servicer) with respect to a mortgage under this section shall, at or before closing with respect to any such mortgage, provide the mortgagor with written notice (in such form as the Secretary shall prescribe, by regulation, before the expiration of the 90-day period beginning upon November 28, 1990) describing any requirements the mortgagor must fulfill upon prepayment of the principal amount of the mortgage to prevent the accrual of any interest on the principal amount after the date of such prepayment. This paragraph shall apply to any mortgage executed after the expiration of the period under paragraph (1).

(1) No mortgagee may make or hold mortgages insured under this section if the customary lending practices of the mortgagee, as determined by the Secretary pursuant to section 1735f–17 of this title, provide for a variation in mortgage charge rates that exceeds 2 percent for insured mortgages made by the mortgagee on dwellings located within an area. The Secretary shall ensure that any permissible variations in the mortgage charge rates of any mortgagee are based only on actual variations in fees or costs to the mortgagee to make the loan.

(2) For purposes of this subsection—

(A) the term “area” means a metropolitan statistical area as established by the Office of Management and Budget;

(B) the term “mortgage charges” includes the interest rate, discount points, loan origination fee, and any other amount charged to a mortgagor with respect to an insured mortgage; and

(C) the term “mortgage charge rate” means the amount of mortgage charges for an insured mortgage expressed as a percentage of the initial principal amount of the mortgage.

The insurance of a mortgage under this section in connection with the assistance provided under section 1437f(y) of title 42 shall be the obligation of the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall submit to the Congress an annual report on the single family mortgage insurance program under this section. Each report shall set forth—

(1) an analysis of the income groups served by the single family insurance program, including—

(A) the percentage of borrowers whose incomes do not exceed 100 percent of the median income for the area;

(B) the percentage of borrowers whose incomes do not exceed 80 percent of the median income for the area; and

(C) the percentage of borrowers whose incomes do not exceed 60 percent of the median income for the area;

(2) an analysis of the percentage of minority borrowers annually assisted by the program; the percentage of central city borrowers assisted and the percentage of rural borrowers assisted by the program;

(3) the extent to which the Secretary in carrying out the program has employed methods to ensure that needs of low and moderate income families, underserved areas, and historically disadvantaged groups are served by the program; and

(4) the current impediments to having the program serve low and moderate income borrowers; borrowers from central city areas; borrowers from rural areas; and minority borrowers.

The report required under this subsection shall include the report required under section 1735f–18(c) of this title and the report required under section 1711(g) 1 of this title.

Not later than 60 days after October 21, 1998, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the plan of the Secretary to address each material weakness, reportable condition, and noncompliance with an applicable law or regulation (as defined by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget) identified in the most recent audited financial statement of the Federal Housing Administration submitted under section 3515 of title 31.

Each report submitted under paragraph (1) shall include—

(A) an estimate of the resources, including staff, information systems, and contract assistance, required to address each material weakness, reportable condition, and noncompliance with an applicable law or regulation described in paragraph (1), and the costs associated with those resources;

(B) an estimated timetable for addressing each material weakness, reportable condition, and noncompliance with an applicable law or regulation described in paragraph (1); and

(C) the progress of the Secretary in implementing the plan of the Secretary included in the report submitted under paragraph (1) for the preceding year, except that this subparagraph does not apply to the initial report submitted under paragraph (1).

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §203, 48 Stat. 1248; May 28, 1935, ch. 150, §29(a), 49 Stat. 299; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title III, §344(c), 49 Stat. 722; Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §3, 52 Stat. 10; June 3, 1939, ch. 175, §§6–8, 53 Stat. 805, 806; June 28, 1941, ch. 261, §8, 55 Stat. 365; Oct. 15, 1943, ch. 259, §2, 57 Stat. 571; July 1, 1946, ch. 531, 60 Stat. 408; Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title I, §101(g)–(k), 62 Stat. 1272; July 15, 1949, ch. 338, title II, §201(2), 63 Stat. 421; Aug. 30, 1949, ch. 524, 63 Stat. 681; Oct. 25, 1949, ch. 729, §1(2), 63 Stat. 905; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §§103, 104(a), 122, 64 Stat. 51, 59; June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §3, 67 Stat. 121; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §§104–110, 68 Stat. 591, 592; Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, title I, §§102, 104(a), 70 Stat. 1091, 1092; Pub. L. 85–104, title I, §§101, 106, July 12, 1957, 71 Stat. 294, 297; Pub. L. 85–364, §1(a), Apr. 1, 1958, 72 Stat. 73; Pub. L. 86–372, title I, §§102, 103, title VIII, §809, Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 654, 688; Pub. L. 87–70, title I, §102(b), title VI, §§604(b), 605, 606, 612(a), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 157, 177, 178, 180; Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §§102, 103, 105(c)(1), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 769, 772; Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §§203–206, title XI, §1108(c), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 466, 504; Pub. L. 89–754, title III, §§301, 302, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1266; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (4), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 90–448, title I, §103(b), title III, §§317, 318, title XI, §1106(d), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 486, 512, 567; Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §§102(a), 113(a), Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 379, 383; Pub. L. 91–606, title III, §301(c), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1758; Pub. L. 93–288, title VII, §702(c), formerly title VI, §602(c), May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 163, renumbered title VII, §702(c), Pub. L. 103–337, div. C, title XXXIV, §3411(a)(1), (2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3100; Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §§302(a), 310(a), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 676, 682; Pub. L. 93–449, §4(b), Oct. 18, 1974, 88 Stat. 1367; Pub. L. 95–128, title III, §§303(a), (g), 304(a), 305, 307, Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1132, 1133, 1134; Pub. L. 95–557, title I, §101(c)(1), (2), Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2082, 2083; Pub. L. 95–619, title II, §248(a), Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3235; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §§310, 312(a), 318, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1114, 1116, 1119; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §§321, 328, 333(a), 336(a), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1646, 1651, 1653, 1654; Pub. L. 97–253, title II, §201(a), (b), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 789; Pub. L. 98–63, title I, §101, July 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 321; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §§404(b)(2), (3), 419, 423(a), (b)(1), 424(a), 425, 447, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1209, 1212, 1216–1218, 1228; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(a)(2), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2232; Pub. L. 99–601, Nov. 5, 1986, 100 Stat. 3357; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §§403–405(1), 406(a)–(b)(6), (c), 407(a)(1), 422(b), 423, 429(c), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1899–1902, 1914, 1918; Pub. L. 100–628, title X, §§1061–1063(a), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3274; Pub. L. 100–707, title I, §109(e)(2), Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4708; Pub. L. 101–144, title II, Nov. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 852; Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §§132(a), 135, 143(a), (b), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2026, 2028, 2036; Pub. L. 101–402, §3, Oct. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 866; Pub. L. 101–507, title II, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1369; Pub. L. 101–508, title II, §§2101–2103(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–17; Pub. L. 101–625, title III, §§326(a), 327, 329, 330(a), title IV, §429, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4137, 4138, 4171; Pub. L. 102–40, title IV, §402(d)(2), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 239; Pub. L. 102–389, title II, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1591, 1593; Pub. L. 102–550, title I, §185(c)(1), title V, §§503(a), 504–506(a), 507(a), title X, §1012(k)(2), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3747, 3779–3782, 3907; Pub. L. 103–211, title I, Feb. 12, 1994, 108 Stat. 12; Pub. L. 103–327, title II, Sept. 28, 1994, 108 Stat. 2314; Pub. L. 104–204, title IV, §§424, 425(a), 426, Sept. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 2927, 2928; Pub. L. 105–65, title II, §211, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1366; Pub. L. 105–276, title II, §§212, 224, 225(a), 228, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2486, 2489–2491; Pub. L. 106–74, title II, §207, Oct. 20, 1999, 113 Stat. 1072; Pub. L. 106–281, §2, Oct. 6, 2000, 114 Stat. 865; Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §§209(a), 225], Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1441, 1441A–25, 1441A–30; Pub. L. 106–569, title XI, §1103(f), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 3031; Pub. L. 107–73, title II, §207(a), Nov. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 674; Pub. L. 107–326, §2, Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2792; Pub. L. 108–386, §8(b), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2231; Pub. L. 108–447, div. I, title II, §§222, 223, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3321; Pub. L. 109–13, div. A, title VI, §6073, May 11, 2005, 119 Stat. 300; Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §§2112(a), (b), 2113–2115, 2116(2), (3), 2118(b)(1), 2120(a)(1)–(4), (b), 2121, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2830–2832, 2834, 2835; Pub. L. 111–229, §1(a), Aug. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2483.)

Section 1715z–10 of this title, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), was repealed by Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2120(a)(7), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835.

Section 1715m of this title, referred to in subsec. (g)(2)(D), was repealed by Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2120(a)(5), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835.

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (g)(2)(F) and (n)(1), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Subsection (i) of this section, referred to in subsec. (k)(1), was repealed by Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2120(a)(1), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835.

Section 1711(g) of this title, referred to in subsec. (w), was repealed by Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2118(c)(1), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835.

**2010**—Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 111–229, §1(a)(1), in introductory provisions, substituted “may” for “shall” and “1.5 percent” for “0.50 percent”.

Subsec. (c)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 111–229, §1(a)(2), substituted “may be in an amount not exceeding 1.55 percent” for “shall be in an amount not exceeding 0.55 percent”.

**2008**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 110–289, §2112(a)(2), which directed striking out second sentence in matter following subpar. (B) and all that followed through “section 3103A(d) of title 38”, was executed in first undesignated par. after subpar. (B) by striking out “For purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘average closing cost’ means, with respect to a State, the average, for mortgages executed for properties that are located within the State, of the total amounts (as determined by the Secretary) of initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees (as the Secretary shall approve) that are paid in connection with such mortgages. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, in any case where the dwelling is not approved for mortgage insurance prior to the beginning of construction, such mortgage shall not exceed 90 per centum of the entire appraised value of the property as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance, unless (i) the dwelling was completed more than one year prior to the application for mortgage insurance, or (ii) the dwelling was approved for guaranty, insurance, or a direct loan under chapter 37 of title 38 prior to the beginning of construction, or (iii) the dwelling is covered by a consumer protection or warranty plan acceptable to the Secretary and satisfies all requirements which would have been applicable if such dwelling had been approved for mortgage insurance prior to the beginning of construction. As used herein, the term ‘veteran’ means any person who served on active duty in the armed forces of the United States for a period of not less than ninety days (or is certified by the Secretary of Defense as having performed extra-hazardous service), and who was discharged or released therefrom under conditions other than dishonorable, except that persons enlisting in the armed forces after September 7, 1980, or entering active duty after October 16, 1981, shall have their eligibility determined in accordance with section 5303A(d) of title 38.”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress and amendment by Pub. L. 102–40. See 1991 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A), (B). Pub. L. 110–289, §2112(a)(1), added subpars. (A) and (B) and struck out former subpars. (A) and (B) which related to maximum limits for principal loan obligation.

Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 110–289, §2113, amended par. (9) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (9) related to requirement that mortgagors other than veterans pay on account of the property at least 3 per centum, or such larger amount as the Secretary may determine, of the Secretary's estimate of the cost of acquisition, excluding the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured, in cash or its equivalent.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 110–289, §2114(1), in introductory provisions, struck out “or of the General Insurance Fund pursuant to subsection (v) of this section and each mortgage that is insured under subsection (k) of this section or section 1715y(c) of this title,,” after “Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund”.

Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 110–289, §2114(2), substituted “3 percent” for “2.25 percent” and “2.75 percent” for “2.0 percent”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–289, §2112(b), substituted “Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, notwithstanding” for “Notwithstanding any”, designated existing provisions as par. (1), and added par. (2).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 110–289, §2120(a)(1), struck out subsec. (i) which related to Secretary's authority to insure mortgages for single-family residences in suburban and outlying areas or small communities and certain farm homes.

Subsec. (k)(1). Pub. L. 110–289, §2115(1), struck out “on and after 180 days following October 31, 1978” after “financial institutions”.

Subsec. (k)(5). Pub. L. 110–289, §2115(2), substituted “Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund” for “General Insurance Fund” and struck out “, except that all references in section 1710 of this title to the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund shall be construed as referring to the General Insurance Fund” after “section 1710 of this title”.

Subsec. (n)(2)(A), (C). Pub. L. 110–289, §2121, inserted “or subordinate mortgage or” before “lien”.

Subsec. (*o*). Pub. L. 110–289, §2120(a)(2), struck out subsec. (*o*) which related to insurance of mortgages on owner occupied homes in communities subject to adverse economic conditions resulting from Indian claims to ownership of land and obligation of Special Risk Insurance Fund.

Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 110–289, §2120(a)(3), struck out subsec. (p) which related to insurance of mortgages in communities subject to temporary adverse economic conditions as a result of claims to ownership of land in the community by an American Indian Tribe, band, or nation.

Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 110–289, §2120(a)(4), struck out subsec. (q) which related to insurance of mortgages secured by property on certain lands leased by Seneca Nation of New York Indians.

Subsec. (s). Pub. L. 110–289, §2116(3), redesignated and transferred subsec. (s) of this section to subsec. (e) of section 1708 of this title.

Subsec. (s)(4). Pub. L. 110–289, §2116(2), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: “the Administrator of the Farmers Home Administration;”.

Subsec. (u)(2)(A). Pub. L. 110–289, §2120(b), substituted “means a metropolitan statistical area as established by the Office of Management and Budget;” for “shall have the meaning given the term under subsection (b)(2) of this section;”.

Subsec. (v). Pub. L. 110–289, §2118(b)(1), substituted “The” for “Notwithstanding section 1708 of this title, the” and “Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund.” for “General Insurance Fund created pursuant to section 1735c of this title. The provisions of subsections (a) through (h), (j), and (k) of section 1710 of this title shall apply to such mortgages, except that (1) all references in section 1710 of this title to the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund or the Fund shall be construed to refer to the General Insurance Fund, and (2) any excess amounts described in section 1710(f)(1) of this title shall be retained by the Secretary and credited to the General Insurance Fund.”

**2005**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 109–13, §6073(b)(2), struck out “or (k)” after “(2) under subsection (n)” and “charges under subsection (n)”.

Pub. L. 109–13, §6073(b)(1), substituted “(2) under subsection (n)” for “(2) under subsections (n)”.

Pub. L. 109–13, §6073(a), repealed Pub. L. 108–447, §222. See note below.

2004–Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 108–447, §222, which directed the substitution of “subsection (n)” for “subsections (n) and (k)” and the striking out of “or (k)”, was repealed by Pub. L. 109–13, §6073(a).

Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 108–447, §223, inserted “, provided that the mortgagor refinances the unpaid principal obligation under this subchapter” before period at end.

Subsec. (s)(5). Pub. L. 108–386 struck out “or District bank” after “national bank”.

**2002**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–326, §2(1)(A), substituted “shall comply with the following:” for “shall—” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 107–326, §2(1)(C), transferred text of subsec. (b)(10)(B) so as to appear as second sentence of concluding provisions in par. (2).

Pub. L. 107–326, §2(1)(B)(ii)(III), in concluding provisions, struck out the eleventh sentence through the end which read as follows: “In conjunction with any loan insured under this section, an original lender shall provide to each prospective borrower a disclosure notice that provides a one page analysis of mortgage products offered by that lender and for which the borrower would qualify. This notice shall include: (i) a generic analysis comparing the note rate (and associated interest payments), insurance premiums, and other costs and fees that would be due over the life of the loan for a loan insured by the Secretary under this subsection with the note rates, insurance premiums (if applicable), and other costs and fees that would be expected to be due if the mortgagor obtained instead other mortgage products offered by the lender and for which the borrower would qualify with a similar loan-to-value ratio in connection with a conventional mortgage (as that term is used in section 1454(a)(2) of this title or section 1717(b)(2) of this title, as applicable), assuming prevailing interest rates; and (ii) a statement regarding when the mortgagor's requirement to pay the mortgage insurance premiums for a mortgage insured under this section would terminate or a statement that the requirement will terminate only if the mortgage is refinanced, paid off, or otherwise terminated.”

Pub. L. 107–326, §2(1)(B)(ii)(II), in concluding provisions, struck out seventh through ninth sentences which read as follows: “Except with respect to mortgages executed by mortgagors who are veterans, a mortgage may not involve a principal obligation (including such initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees as the Secretary shall approve) in excess of 98.75 percent of the appraised value of the property (97.75 percent, in the case of a mortgage with an appraised value in excess of $50,000), plus the amount of the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term ‘appraised value’ means the amount set forth in the written statement required under section 1715q of this title, or a similar amount determined by the Secretary if section 1715q of this title does not apply. Notwithstanding the authority of the Secretary to establish the terms of insurance under this section and approve the initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees (and subject to any other limitations under this section on the amount of a principal obligation), the Secretary may not (by regulation or otherwise) limit the percentage or amount of any such approved charges and fees that may be included in the principal obligation of a mortgage.”

Pub. L. 107–326, §2(1)(B)(ii)(I), in concluding provisions, struck out second and third sentences which read as follows: “If the mortgage to be insured under this section covers property on which there is located a one- to four-family residence, and the appraised value of the property, as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance, does not exceed $50,000, the principal obligation may be in an amount not to exceed 97 percent of such appraised value. If the mortgagor is a veteran, and the mortgage to be insured under this section covers property upon which there is located a dwelling designed principally for a one-family residence, the principal obligation may be in an amount equal to the sum of (i) 100 per centum of $25,000 of the appraised value of the property as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance, and (ii) 95 per centum of such value in excess of $25,000.”

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 107–326, §2(1)(B)(i), realigned margins of matter that precedes cl. (ii).

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 107–326, §2(1)(B)(iii), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: “except as otherwise provided in this paragraph (2), not to exceed an amount equal to the sum of—

“(i) 97 percent of $25,000 of the appraised value of the property, as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance;

“(ii) 95 percent of such value in excess of $25,000 but not in excess of $125,000; and

“(iii) 90 percent of such value in excess of $125,000.”

Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 107–326, §2(1)(C), (D), transferred text of subpar. (B) so as to appear as second sentence of concluding provisions in subsec. (b)(2) and struck out headings and text of remainder of par. (10) which related to calculation of downpayment.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 107–326, §2(2), added subsec. (f).

**2001**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 107–73, §207(a)(1), substituted “subsections (n) or (k) of this section” for “subsections (n) and (k) of this section” in cl. (2) of first proviso.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 107–73, §207(a)(2), in introductory provisions, struck out “and executed on or after October 1, 1994,” after “1- to 4-family dwelling” and inserted “and each mortgage that is insured under subsection (k) of this section or section 1715y(c) of this title,” after “subsection (v) of this section”.

**2000**—Subsec. (b)(10)(A). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §225], substituted “mortgage closed on or before December 31, 2002, involving” for “mortgage closed on or before October 30, 2000 involving” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 106–281 substituted “closed on or before October 30, 2000” for “executed for insurance in fiscal years 1998, 1999, and 2000” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (s). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §209(a)(2)], redesignated subsec. (s), relating to disclosure regarding interest due upon mortgage prepayment, as (t).

Subsec. (t). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §209(a)(2)], redesignated subsec. (s), relating to disclosure regarding interest due upon mortgage prepayment, as (t).

Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §209(a)(1)], redesignated subsec. (t) as (u).

Subsec. (u). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §209(a)(1)], redesignated subsec. (t) as (u).

Subsec. (v). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §209(a)(3)], redesignated subsec. (v), relating to annual report, as (w).

Subsec. (w). Pub. L. 106–569, which directed the amendment of subsec. (v) relating to annual report by inserting concluding provisions, was executed by making the insertion in subsec. (w) to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening redesignation of that subsec. (v) as (w) by Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §209(a)(3)]. See below.

Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §209(a)(3)], redesignated subsec. (v), relating to annual report, as (w).

**1999**—Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 106–74 inserted “the greater of the dollar amount limitation in effect under this section for the area on October 21, 1998, or” before “48 percent”.

**1998**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 105–276, §225(a), inserted at end undesignated par. relating to disclosure notice furnished by original lender.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 105–276, §228(a), added cl. (ii) and struck out former cl. (ii) and concluding provisions which read as follows:

“(ii) 75 percent of the dollar amount limitation determined under section 1454(a)(2) of this title for a residence of the applicable size;

except that the applicable dollar amount limitation in effect for any area under this subparagraph may not be less than the greater of the dollar amount limitation in effect under this section for the area on September 28, 1994, or 38 percent of the dollar amount limitation determined under section 1454(a)(2) of this title for a residence of the applicable size; and”.

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 105–276, §228(b), amended first sentence of concluding provisions generally. Prior to amendment, sentence read as follows: “For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term ‘area’ means a county, or a metropolitan statistical area as established by the Office of Management and Budget, whichever results in the higher dollar amount.”

Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 105–276, §212(1), substituted “

Subsec. (b)(10)(A). Pub. L. 105–276, §212(2), substituted “executed for insurance in fiscal years 1998, 1999, and 2000” for “originated in the State of Alaska or the State of Hawaii and endorsed for insurance in fiscal years 1997 and 1998,”.

Subsec. (x). Pub. L. 105–276, §224, added subsec. (x).

**1997**—Subsec. (b)(10)(A). Pub. L. 105–65 substituted “fiscal years 1997 and 1998” for “fiscal year 1997”.

**1996**—Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 104–204, §425(a), inserted before period at end “: *Provided further*, That for purposes of this paragraph, the Secretary shall consider as cash or its equivalent any amounts borrowed from a family member (as such term is defined in section 1707 of this title), subject only to the requirements that, in any case in which the repayment of such borrowed amounts is secured by a lien against the property, such lien shall be subordinate to the mortgage and the sum of the principal obligation of the mortgage and the obligation secured by such lien may not exceed 100 percent of the appraised value of the property plus any initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees in connection with the mortgage”.

Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 104–204, §426, added par. (10).

Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 104–204, §424, inserted after first sentence “In the case of a mortgage for which the mortgagor is a first-time homebuyer who completes a program of counseling with respect to the responsibilities and financial management involved in homeownership that is approved by the Secretary, the premium payment under this subparagraph shall not exceed 2.0 percent of the amount of the original insured principal obligation of the mortgage.”

**1994**—Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 103–327 substituted cl. (ii) and concluding provisions for former cl. (ii) and concluding provisions which read as follows:

“(ii) 75 percent of the dollar amount limitation determined under section 1454(a)(2) of this title (as in effect on September 30, 1992) for a residence of the applicable size;

except that the applicable dollar amount limitation in effect for any area under this subparagraph (A) may not be less than the dollar amount limitation in effect under this section for the area on May 12, 1992;”.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 103–211, effective for 18-month period following Feb. 12, 1994, for eligible persons, substituted “Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act” for “section 5122(2) and 5170 of title 42” and inserted at end “In any case in which the single family residence to be insured under this subsection is within a jurisdiction in which the President has declared a major disaster to have occurred, the Secretary is authorized, for a temporary period not to exceed 18 months from the date of such Presidential declaration, to enter into agreements to insure a mortgage which involves a principal obligation of up to 100 percent of the dollar limitation determined under section 1454(a)(2) of this title for single family residence, and not in excess of 100 percent of the appraised value.” See Applicability of 1994 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (k)(6). Pub. L. 103–211, effective for 18-month period following Feb. 12, 1994, for eligible persons, added par. (6) which read as follows: “The Secretary is authorized, for a temporary period not to exceed 18 months from the date on which the President has declared a major disaster to have occurred, to enter into agreements to insure a rehabilitation loan under this subsection which involves a principal obligation of up to 100 percent of the dollar limitation determined under section 1454(a)(2) of this title for a residence of the applicable size, if such loan is secured by a structure and property that are within a jurisdiction in which the President has declared such disaster, pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act [42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.], and if such loan otherwise conforms to the loan-to-value ratio and other requirements of this subsection.” See Applicability of 1994 Amendment note below.

**1992**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–550, §506(a), added undesignated par. prohibiting Secretary from insuring mortgage executed by first-time homebuyer involving principal obligation in excess of 97 percent of value of property, unless mortgagor completes approved counseling program or Secretary waives requirement.

Pub. L. 102–550, §505(a), substituted “Except with respect to mortgages executed by mortgagors who are veterans” for “Notwithstanding any other provision of this paragraph” in second undesignated par.

Pub. L. 102–550, §503(a), amended first sentence generally. Prior to amendment, first sentence read as follows: “Involve a principal obligation (including such initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees as the Secretary shall approve) in an amount—

“(A) not to exceed the lesser of—

“(i) in the case of the 1-family residence, 95 percent of the median 1-family house price in the area (as determined by the Secretary); in the case of a 2-family residence, 107 percent of such median price; in the case of a 3-family residence, 130 percent of such median price; or in the case of a 4-family residence, 150 percent of such median price; or

“(ii) 75 percent of the dollar amount limitation determined under section 1454(a)(2) of this title (as adjusted annually under such section) for a residence of the applicable size;

except that the applicable dollar amount limitation in effect for any area under this subparagraph (A) may not be less than the dollar amount limitation in effect under this section for the area on May 12, 1992; and

“(B) except as otherwise provided in this paragraph (2), not to exceed an amount equal to the sum of—

“(i) 97 percent of $25,000 of the appraised value of the property, as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance;

“(ii) 95 percent of such value in excess of $25,000 but not in excess of $125,000; and

“(iii) 90 percent of such value in excess of $125,000.”

Pub. L. 102–389 amended first sentence generally. Prior to amendment, first sentence read as follows: “Involve a principal obligation (including such initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees as the Secretary shall approve) in an amount not to exceed $67,500 in the case of property upon which there is located a dwelling designed principally for a one-family residence; or $76,000 in the case of a two-family residence; or $92,000 in the case of a three-family residence, or $107,000 in the case of a four-family residence; except that the Secretary may increase the preceding maximum dollar amounts on an area-by-area basis to the extent the Secretary deems necessary, after taking into consideration the extent to which moderate and middle income persons have limited housing opportunities in the area due to high prevailing housing sales prices, but in no case may such limits, as so increased, exceed the lesser of (A) 185 percent of the dollar amount specified, or (B) in the case of a one-family residence, 95 per centum of the median one-family house price in the area, as determined by the Secretary; in the case of a two-family residence, 107 per centum of such median price; in the case of a three-family residence, 130 per centum of such median price; or in the case of a four-family residence, 150 per centum of such median price; and (except as otherwise provided in this paragraph) not to exceed an amount equal to the sum of (i) 97 per centum of $25,000 of the appraised value of the property, as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance, and (ii) 95 per centum of such value in excess of $25,000.”

Pub. L. 102–389 inserted at end of second undesignated par. “Notwithstanding the authority of the Secretary to establish the terms of insurance under this section and approve the initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees (and subject to any other limitations under this section on the amount of a principal obligation), the Secretary may not (by regulation or otherwise) limit the percentage or amount of any such approved charges and fees that may be included in the principal obligation of a mortgage.”

Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 102–550, §505(b), substituted “(except with respect to a mortgage executed by a mortgagor who is a veteran)” for “(except in a case to which the next to the last sentence of paragraph (2) applies)”.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 102–550, §185(c)(1)(A), inserted “or of the General Insurance Fund pursuant to subsection (v) of this section” after “Fund” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(2)(A), (B). Pub. L. 102–550, §507(a)(1), (2)(A), substituted “not exceeding” for “equal to”.

Subsec. (c)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 102–550, §507(a)(2)(B), substituted “not exceeding 0.55 percent” for “equal to 0.55 percent”.

Subsec. (k)(2)(B). Pub. L. 102–550, §1012(k)(2), inserted at end “The term ‘rehabilitation’ may also include measures to evaluate and reduce lead-based paint hazards, as such terms are defined in section 4851b of title 42.”

Subsec. (v). Pub. L. 102–550, §504, added subsec. (v) relating to annual reports.

Pub. L. 102–550, §185(c)(1)(B), added subsec. (v) relating to use of FHA insurance with assistance under 42 U.S.C. 1437f.

**1991**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–40 substituted “section 5303A(d) of title 38” for “section 3103A(d) of title 38”.

**1990**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 101–508, §2102, inserted at end “Notwithstanding any other provision of this paragraph, a mortgage may not involve a principal obligation (including such initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees as the Secretary shall approve) in excess of 98.75 percent of the appraised value of the property (97.75 percent, in the case of a mortgage with an appraised value in excess of $50,000), plus the amount of the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term ‘appraised value’ means the amount set forth in the written statement required under section 1715q of this title, or a similar amount determined by the Secretary if section 1715q of this title does not apply.”

Pub. L. 101–508, §2101, substituted “185 percent of the dollar amount specified” for “150 percent (185 percent until October 31, 1990) of the dollar amount specified” after “exceed the lesser of (A)”.

Pub. L. 101–507 which directed the substitution of “(185 percent during fiscal year 1991)” for “(185 percent during fiscal year 1990)” could not be executed because “during fiscal year 1990” did not appear in text after amendment by Pub. L. 101–402. See below.

Pub. L. 101–402 substituted “until October 31, 1990” for “during fiscal year 1990”.

Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 101–625, §429, inserted “or with respect to a mortgage covering a housing unit in connection with a homeownership program under the Homeownership and Opportunity Through HOPE Act,” before “the mortgagor's payment”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–508, §2103(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1), added par. (2), and struck out at end of par. (1) “In the case of any mortgage secured by a 1- to 4-family dwelling, the total premium charge shall not exceed an amount equal to 3.8 percent of the original principal obligation of the mortgage if the Secretary requires (1) a single premium charge to cover the total premium obligation of the insurance of the mortgage; or (2) a periodic premium charge over less than the term of the mortgage.”

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 101–625, §326(a), inserted at end “In making this determination with respect to the occupancy of secondary residences, the Secretary may not insure mortgages with respect to such residences unless the Secretary determines that it is necessary to avoid undue hardship to the mortgagor. In no event may a secondary residence under this subsection include a vacation home, as determined by the Secretary.”

Subsec. (r)(4). Pub. L. 101–625, §327, added par. (4).

Subsec. (s). Pub. L. 101–625, §329, added subsec. (s) relating to disclosure regarding interest due upon mortgage prepayment.

Subsec. (t). Pub. L. 101–625, §330, added subsec. (t).

**1989**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 101–144 inserted “(185 percent during fiscal year 1990)” after “(A) 150 percent”.

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 101–235, §143(b), redesignated par. (3) as (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: “The occupancy requirement established in paragraph (1) shall apply only if the mortgage involves a principal obligation that exceeds, as appropriate, 75 percent of—

“(A) the appraised value of the dwelling;

“(B) the estimate of the Secretary of the replacement cost of the property;

“(C) the sum of the estimates of the Secretary of the cost of repair and rehabilitation and the value of the property before repair and rehabilitation; or

“(D) the sum of the estimates of the Secretary of the cost of repair and rehabilitation and the amount (as determined by the Secretary) required to refinance existing indebtedness secured by the property, and, in the case of a property refinanced under section 1715k(d)(3)(A) of this title, any existing indebtedness incurred in connection with improving, repairing, or rehabilitating the property.”

Subsec. (g)(2)(A). Pub. L. 101–235, §143(a)(1), inserted “, or any other State or local government or an agency thereof” before semicolon at end.

Subsec. (g)(2)(B). Pub. L. 101–235, §143(a)(2), inserted “, or other private nonprofit organization that is exempt from taxation under section 501(c)(3) of title 26 and intends to sell or lease the mortgaged property to low or moderate-income persons, as determined by the Secretary” before semicolon at end.

Subsec. (g)(3), (4). Pub. L. 101–235, §143(b)(2), redesignated par. (4) as (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (2).

Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 101–235, §132(a)(1), amended first sentence generally, substituting “the single-family mortgage insurance programs carried out under this subchapter” for “the mortgage insurance program carried out under this section”.

Subsec. (r)(2), (3). Pub. L. 101–235, §132(a)(2), amended pars. (2) and (3) generally. Prior to amendment, pars. (2) and (3) read as follows:

“(2) requiring reviews of the credit standing of each person seeking to assume a mortgage insured under this section (A) during the 12-month period following the date on which the mortgage is executed, or (B) during the 24-month period following the date on which the mortgage is executed in the case of an investor originated mortgage; and

“(3) in any case where a mortgage is assumed after the period specified in paragraph (2), requiring that the original mortgagor be advised of the procedures by which he or she may be released from liability.”

Subsec. (s). Pub. L. 101–235, §135, added subsec. (s).

**1988**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 100–628, §§1061, 1062(b), clarified amendments by Pub. L. 100–242, §§405(1), 406(b)(1)(B).

Pub. L. 100–242, §406(b)(1)(A), struck out “(whether or not such one- or two-family residence may be intended to be rented temporarily for school purposes)” after “in the case of a two-family residence” in first sentence.

Pub. L. 100–242, §404, substituted “150 percent” for “1331/3 per centum” in cl. (A) of first sentence.

Pub. L. 100–242, §423, inserted definition of “area”.

Pub. L. 100–242, §406(b)(1)(B), struck out “to be occupied as the principal residence of the owner” after “residence”.

Pub. L. 100–242, §405(1), which directed insertion of “, except that persons enlisting in the armed forces after September 7, 1980, or entering active duty after October 16, 1981, shall have their eligibility determined in accordance with section 3103A(d) of title 38” before period at end of first undesignated paragraph, was executed by making the insertion after “other than dishonorable” at end of sentence defining “veteran”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 100–242, §406(b)(2), struck out par. (8) which related to eligibility for insurance of a mortgage in the case of a mortgagor who is not occupant of the property.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–242, §403, inserted provisions at end relating to total premium charge to be fixed by Secretary in case of any mortgage secured by 1- to 4-family dwelling.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100–242, §406(a), added subsec. (g).

Subsec. (g)(3)(F). Pub. L. 100–628, §1062(a), added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 100–707, §109(e)(2), struck out “riot or civil disorder” after “hurricane, earthquake, storm,” and substituted “5170” for “5141”.

Pub. L. 100–242, §406(b)(3), struck out “is the owner and occupant and” after “where the mortgagor”.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 100–242, §406(b)(4), struck out “*Provided*, That if the mortgagor is not the occupant of the property at the time of insurance, the principal obligation of the mortgage shall not exceed 85 per centum of the appraised value of the property:” after “for a single-family residence:” and substituted “*Provided*, That the Secretary” for “*Provided further*, That the Secretary”.

Subsec. (k)(3)(B). Pub. L. 100–242, §429(c), substituted “borrower and the financial institution” for “mortgagor and the mortgagee”.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 100–242, §406(c), struck out subsec. (m) which related to insurance of mortgages on dwellings that need not be designed for year-round occupancy.

Subsec. (*o*)(2). Pub. L. 100–242, §406(b)(5), substituted “owner” for “owner occupant” in first sentence.

Subsec. (p)(2). Pub. L. 100–242, §406(b)(6), substituted “owner” for “owner-occupant” in first sentence.

Subsec. (q)(1). Pub. L. 100–242, §422(b), substituted “Secretary shall” for “Secretary may”.

Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 100–242, §407(a)(1), added subsec. (r).

Subsec. (r)(2)(A), (B). Pub. L. 100–628, §1063(a), substituted “date on which the mortgage is executed” for “date on which the mortgage is endorsed for insurance”.

**1986**—Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 99–601 added subsec. (q).

**1984**—Subsec. (n)(2)(A). Pub. L. 98–479 substituted “a” for “an” before “cooperative ownership”.

**1983**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 98–181, §424(a), struck out “(except as provided in the next to the last sentence of this paragraph)” and inserted “(except as otherwise provided in this paragraph)” and inserted after first sentence “If the mortgage to be insured under this section covers property on which there is located a one- to four-family residence to be occupied as the principal residence of the owner, and the appraised value of the property, as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance, does not exceed $50,000, the principal obligation may be in an amount not to exceed 97 percent of such appraised value.”

Pub. L. 98–181, §423(b)(1), struck out “: *Provided*, That the foregoing maximum mortgage amounts may be increased by the amount of the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured” after “150 per centum of such median price”.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 98–181, §404(b)(2), substituted provision that the interest rate be at such rate as agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee for provision that the interest rate, exclusive of premium charges for insurance and service charges if any, not exceed 5 per centum per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time, or not exceed such per centum per annum not in excess of 6 per centum as the Secretary finds necessary to meet the mortgage market.

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 98–181, §425, substituted “the lesser of (A) the otherwise applicable maximum dollar amount prescribed under paragraph (2), or (B) 85 percent of the appraised value of the property as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance” for “85 per centum of the amount computed under the provisions of paragraph (2) of this subsection”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–181, §447, inserted “(1) under section 1715z–10, 1715z–12, 1715z–16, 1715z–17, or 1715z–18 of this title, or any other financing mechanism providing alternative methods for repayment of a mortgage that is determined by the Secretary to involve additional risk, or (2)” after “fixed for insurance”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–181, §423(a), added subsec. (d).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 98–63 substituted “the applicable maximum dollar limit under subsection (b) of this section” for “$14,400”.

Subsec. (k)(3)(B). Pub. L. 98–181, §404(b)(3), substituted provision that interest be at such a rate as agreed upon by the mortgagor and mortgagee for provision that interest be at a rate permitted by the Secretary for mortgages insured under this section, except that the Secretary could permit a higher rate with respect to the period beginning with the making of the loan and ending with the completion of the rehabilitation or such earlier time as determined by the Secretary.

Subsec. (n)(1). Pub. L. 98–181, §419(1), inserted “or the construction of which was completed more than a year prior to the application for the mortgage insurance” after “under this chapter”.

Subsec. (n)(2)(A). Pub. L. 98–181, §419(2), struck out “nonprofit” before “cooperative”.

**1982**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 97–253, §201(a)(1), inserted provision that the foregoing maximum mortgage amounts may be increased by the amount of the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured.

Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 97–253, §201(a)(2), inserted “(excluding the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured)” after “cost of acquisition”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–253, §201(b), inserted provision that with respect to mortgages for which the Secretary requires, at the time the mortgage is insured, the payment of a single premium charge to cover the total premium obligation for the insurance of the mortgage, and on which the principal obligation is paid before the number of years on which the premium with respect to a particular mortgage was based, or the property is sold subject to the mortgage or is sold and the mortgage is assumed prior to such time, the Secretary shall provide for refunds, where appropriate, of a portion of the premium paid and shall provide for appropriate allocation of the premium cost among the mortgagors over the term of the mortgage, in accordance with procedures established by the Secretary which take into account sound financial and actuarial considerations.

**1980**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 96–399, §336(a), inserted provisions authorizing the Secretary to increase maximum dollar amounts with respect to four-family residences.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 96–399, §333(a), struck out provisions relating to applicability to criteria of three-quarters of the Secretary's estimate of the remaining economic life of the building improvements.

Subsec. (k)(5). Pub. L. 96–399, §321, substituted provisions relating to insurance benefits paid with respect to loans secured by a first mortgage, and insured under this subsection, and those secured by a mortgage other than a first mortgage, and insured under this subsection, for provisions relating to insurance benefits paid with respect to loans insured under this subsection.

Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 96–399, §328, added subsec. (p).

**1979**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 96–153, §§310, 312(a), excepted dwellings covered by a consumer protection or warranty plan acceptable to the Secretary and satisfying all requirements which would have been applicable if such dwellings had been approved for mortgage insurance prior to the beginning of construction from the limit on the maximum amount of mortgage on dwellings not approved for mortgage insurance prior to the beginning of construction, and substituted “$67,500” for “$60,000”, “$76,000” for “$65,000” where it first appeared, “$92,000” for “$65,000” where it appeared the second time, and “$107,000” for “$75,000”.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 96–153, §318, substituted “two and one-half or more acres in size adjacent to an all-weather public road” for “five or more acres in size adjacent to a public highway” in last proviso.

**1978**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 95–619 inserted provision that the amount insurable under this section could be increased by up to 20 per centum if such increase were necessary to account for the increased cost of a residence due to the installation of a solar energy system.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–557, §101(c)(2), substituted “subsections (n) and (k) of this section are not required” for “subsection (n) of this section is not required” and “subsection (n) or (k) of this section exceed 1 per centum” for “subsection (n) of this section exceed 1 per centum”.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 95–557, §101(c)(1), generally revised subsec. (k) to meet the credit needs of owners of from one-to-four family properties who can afford market rate borrowing by insuring one hundred percent of the loan amount and covering the cost of rehabilitation, rehabilitation and refinancing existing debt, or the purchase and rehabilitation of properties.

**1977**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 95–128, §§303(a), 304(a), substituted “$60,000” for “$45,000”, “$65,000” for “$48,750” wherever appearing, and “$75,000” for “$56,000” in provisions preceding cl. (i); struck out in cl. (i) following “97 per centum” parenthetical text “(but, in any case where the dwelling is not approved for mortgage insurance prior to the beginning of construction, unless the construction of the dwelling was completed more than one year prior to the application for mortgage insurance, or the dwelling was approved for guaranty, insurance, or direct loan under chapter 37 of title 38 prior to the beginning of construction, 90 per centum)”; substituted in first sentence “and (ii) 95 per centum of such value in excess of $25,000” for “(ii) 90 per centum of such value in excess of $25,000 but not in excess of $35,000, and (iii) 80 per centum of such value in excess of $35,000” and in second sentence “and (ii) 95 per centum of such value in excess of $25,000” for “(ii) 90 per centum of such value in excess of $25,000 but not in excess of $35,000, and (iii) 85 per centum of such value in excess of $35,000”; and inserted following the second sentence provision limiting the mortgage to 90 per centum of the entire appraised value of the property as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance where the dwelling is not approved for mortgage insurance prior to the beginning of construction.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–128, §305, inserted proviso respecting premium charges for insurance under subsec. (n) of this section.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 95–128, §303(g), substituted provision which authorizes the Secretary to insure a mortgage hereunder which involves a principal obligation not in excess of 75 per centum of the limit on the principal obligation applicable to a one-family residence under subsec. (b) of this section for prior limitation of such insurance on a mortgage which involved a principal obligation not in excess of $16,200.

Subsec. (*o*). Pub. L. 95–128, §307, added subsec. (*o*).

**1974**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 93–383, §302(a), substituted “$45,000” for “$33,000”, “$48,750” for “$35,750” wherever appearing therein, and “$56,000” for “$41,250” in provisions preceding cl. (i).

Subsec. (b)(2)(i). Pub. L. 93–383, §310(a)(1), substituted “$25,000” for “$15,000” in first and second sentences.

Subsec. (b)(2)(ii). Pub. L. 93–383, §310(a)(2), substituted “$25,000” for “$15,000” and “$35,000” for “$25,000” in first and second sentences.

Subsec. (b)(2)(iii). Pub. L. 93–383, §310(a)(3), substituted “$35,000” for “$25,000” in first and second sentences.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 93–288 substituted “sections 5122(2) and 5141 of title 42” for “section 4402(1) of title 42”.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 93–449 added subsec. (n).

**1970**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 91–606 substituted reference to section “4402(1)” for “1855a(a)” of title 42.

**1969**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 91–152, §§102(a), 113(a)(1), substituted “$25,000” for “$20,000” wherever appearing, “$33,000” for “$30,000”, “$35,750” for “$32,500” wherever appearing, and “$41,250” for “$37,500”.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 91–152, §113(a)(2), substituted “$14,400” for “$12,000”.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 91–152, §113(a)(3), substituted “$16,200” for “$13,500”.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 91–152, §113(a)(4), substituted “$18,000” for “$15,000”.

**1968**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 90–448, §1106(d), authorized insurance of mortgages for reconstruction of homes destroyed or damaged as a result of riot or civil disorder.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 90–448, §317, substituted “$13,500” for “$12,500”.

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 90–448, §103(b), repealed subsec. (*l*) which authorized insurance of mortgages in areas affected by civil disorders. See section 1715n(e) of this title.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 90–448, §318, added subsec. (m).

**1967**—Pub. L. 90—19, §1(a)(3), substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a), (b)(1) to (9), (c), (e), (h), (i), and (k).

Subsec. (b)(3), (9). Pub. L. 90—19, §1(a)(4), substituted “Secretary's” for “Commissioner's”.

**1966**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 89–754, §301, substituted “If the mortgagor is a veteran,” for “If the mortgagor is a veteran who has not received any direct, guaranteed, or insured loan under laws administered by the Veterans’ Administration for the purchase, construction, or repair of a dwelling (including a farm dwelling) which was to be owned and occupied by him as his home,”.

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 89–754, §302, added subsec. (*l*).

**1965**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 89–117, §§203, 206(a), substituted “and (except as provided in the next to the last sentence of this paragraph) not to exceed” for “and not to exceed”, and “80 per centum” for “75 per centum”, and inserted provisions prescribing the amount of the principal obligation for veterans and defining “veteran”.

Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 89–117, §§204, 206(b), inserted “(except in a case to which the next to the last sentence of paragraph (2) applies)” and “or with respect to a mortgage covering a single-family home being purchased under the low-income housing demonstration project assisted pursuant to section 1436 of title 42”.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 89–117, §205, substituted “$12,500” for “$11,000”.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(c), substituted “the General Insurance Fund” for “a separate section 203 Home Improvement Account to be maintained as hereinafter provided under the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund” in cl. (3) of the first sentence and “the General Insurance Fund or in debentures executed in the name of such Fund” for “the section 203 Home Improvement Account or in debentures executed in the name of such Account” in cl. (4), and removed references to section 220 Housing Insurance Fund and section 203 Home Improvement Account elsewhere in the subsec., including provisions for the funding of a special revolving fund for carrying out the provisions of the subsec.

**1964**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 88–560, §102(a), increased maximum amount of the principal obligation for one-family residences from $25,000 to $30,000, for two-family residences from $27,500 to $32,500, for three-family residences from $27,500 to $32,500, and for four-family residences from $35,000 to $37,500.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 88–560, §102(b), increased maximum amount of the principal obligation from $9,000 to $11,000.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 88–560, §§103, 105(c)(1), substituted in cl. (2) “an acceptable risk” for “economically sound”, in cl. (4) provision for payment of insurance benefits “in cash out of the Section 203 Home Improvement Account or in debentures executed in the name of such Account” for provision for such payment “in debentures executed in the name of the Section 203 Home Improvement Account”, and in the third sentence “Insurance benefits paid with respect to loans insured under this subsection shall be paid” for “Debentures issued with respect to loans insured under this subsection shall be issued”; and inserted the provision that “If the insurance payment is made in cash, there shall be added to such payment an amount equivalent to the interest which the debentures would have earned, computed to a date to be established pursuant to regulations issued by the Commissioner.”, respectively.

**1961**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–70, §604(b), struck out proviso which limited the aggregate amount of principal obligations of all mortgages insured under this chapter to not more than $7,750,000,000, and which permitted additional increases in such sum by not more than $1,250,000,000 in the aggregate.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 87–70, §605(a), (b), increased maximum amount of the principal obligation for one-family residences from $22,500 to $25,000, and for two-family residences from $25,000 to $27,500, and substituted “$15,000” for “$13,500” in two places, “$20,000” for “$18,000” in two places, and “75 per centum” for “70 per centum”.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 87–70, §§605(c), 612(a)(1), substituted “thirty-five years (or thirty years if such mortgage is not approved for insurance prior to construction) from the date of the beginning of amortization of the mortgage” for “thirty years from the date of the insurance of the mortgage”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 87–70, §§606, 612(a)(2), reduced minimum premium charge from an amount equivalent to one-half of 1 per centum per annum to an amount equivalent to one-fourth of 1 per centum per annum, permitted the Commissioner to make the reduced premium charge applicable to each insured mortgage outstanding under the section or sections involved at the time the reduced charge is fixed, struck out provisos which related to premium charges for mortgages insured prior to Feb. 3, 1938, and for mortgages described in section 203(b)(2)(B) of the National Housing Act accepted for insurance prior to July 1, 1939, and substituted “particular insurance fund or account” for “particular insurance fund” in the first proviso of the second sentence.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 87–70, §102(b)(1), (2), substituted “eligibility of the loan or mortgage” for “eligibility of the mortgage”, and “approved financial institution or approved mortgagee” for “approved mortgagee” in two places.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 87–70 §102(b)(3), added subsec. (k).

**1959**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 86–372, §102(a), increased maximum amount of the principal obligation for one-family residences from $20,000 to $22,500, and for two-family residences from $20,000 to $25,000, increased the maximum amount of loans over $13,500 from 85 per centum of the value in excess of $13,500 but not in excess of $16,000 to 90 per centum of the value in excess of $13,500 but not in excess of $18,000, and inserted provisions relating to dwellings approved for guaranty, insurance, or direct loan under chapter 37 of title 38 prior to the beginning of construction.

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 86–372, §102(b), inserted proviso making the 85 per centum limitation inapplicable if the mortgagor and mortgagee assume responsibility for the reduction of the mortgage by an amount not less than 15 per centum of the outstanding principal amount thereof in the event the mortgaged property is not, prior to the due date of the 18th amortization payment of the mortgage, sold to a purchaser acceptable to the Commissioner who is the occupant of the property and who assumes and agrees to pay the mortgage indebtedness.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 86–372, §103, increased maximum amount of the principal obligation from $8,000 to $9,000, inserted parenthetical clause, and struck out provisions that limited the total amount of insurance outstanding at any one time for farm homes to not more than $100,000,000.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 86–372, §809, added subsec. (j).

**1958**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 85–364 substituted “$13,500” for “$10,000” in two places.

**1957**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 85–104, §101(a), increased maximum amount of loan from 95 per centum of the first $9,000 plus 75 per centum of excess above $9,000, to 97 per centum of the first $10,000 plus 85 per centum of the next $6,000 and 70 per centum of the remainder, and struck out provisions authorizing President to increase former $9,000 figure to $10,000, eliminated provision that principal of mortgage shall not exceed 85 per centum if mortgagor is not occupant of property, and eliminated provision that mortgagor shall have paid at least 5 per centum cash payment. See subsec. (b)(8), (9).

Subsec. (b)(8), (9). Pub. L. 85–104, §101(b), added pars. (8) and (9).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 85–104, §106, repealed provisions which related to insurance of mortgages on farm properties.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 85–104, §101(c), amended provisions generally, and, among other changes, increased maximum loan from $6,650 to $8,000, and from 95 per centum to 97 per centum of value, and substituted provisions that mortgage obligation shall not exceed 85 per centum of value if mortgagor is not occupant, for provisions that (1) mortgagor be the owner and occupant and had paid at least 5 per centum cash, or (2) mortgagor be owner and occupant with whom a person or corporation having satisfactory credit standing had contracted to pay on his behalf all or part of downpayment, taking as security a note at not more than 4 per centum interest, and to guarantee payment of insured mortgage, or (3) to be the builder constructing the dwelling in which case principal should not exceed 85 per centum of value or $5,950.

**1956**—Subsec. (b)(2). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §§102(a), 104(a), inserted “unless the construction of the dwelling was completed more than one year prior to the application for mortgage insurance” before “90 per centum” in parenthetical clause, and inserted provision that in cases where mortgagor is a person 60 years of age or older, the downpayment required could be paid by a person other than the mortgagor under conditions prescribed by the Commissioner.

Subsec. (h). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §102(b), substituted “$12,000” for “$7,000”.

**1954**—Subsec. (b)(2). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §104, generally amended provisions to provide, among others, for an increase in, and equalization of, maximum mortgage amounts, with respect to new housing, substitution of a loan to value ratio of 95 per centum of the $9,000 of value plus 75 per centum of the balance in excess of $9,000, with Presidential authority to increase the $9,000 figure to $10,000 under certain conditions, and with respect to existing housing, substitution of a loan to value ratio of 90 per centum of the first $9,000 of value plus 75 per centum of the balance in excess of $9,000, with Presidential authority to increase the $9,000 figure to $10,000, and inserted a provision limiting the maximum loan to value ratio where the builder becomes the mortgagor, not to exceed 85 per centum of the mortgage loan which an owner-occupant could obtain.

Subsec. (b)(3). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §105, substituted a provision for a maximum maturity of 30 years or three-quarters of the Commissioner's estimate of the remaining economic life of the building improvements, whichever is the lesser, for former provision carrying varying limits ranging from twenty to thirty years.

Subsec. (b)(5). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §106, fixed maximum statutory interest rate on mortgages at 5 per centum with authority in the Commissioner to increase the rate to not to exceed 6 per centum as he finds it necessary to meet the mortgage market; and permitted the allowance of service charges.

Subsec. (c). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §107, provided that debentures presented in payment of premium charges shall represent obligations of the particular insurance fund to which such premium charges are to be credited.

Subsec. (d). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §108, prohibited insurance of mortgages pursuant to this subsection after Aug. 2, 1954, except pursuant to commitments to insure issued on or before such date.

Subsecs. (f), (g). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §109, repealed subsec. (f) which related to refinance mortgages and subsec. (g) which related to higher loan to value ratio and longer maturity for single-family residences. See subsecs. (b)(2) and (b)(3) of this section.

Subsecs. (h), (i). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §110, added subsecs. (h) and (i).

**1953**—Subsec. (g). Act June 30, 1953, added subsec. (g).

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, §122, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (a). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §103, increased statutory amount of insurance authority from $6,750,000,000 to $7,500,000,000 and provided that an additional $1,250,000,000 in insurance authority could be made available with the authority of the President.

Subsec. (b)(2). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §104(a), inserted proviso to clause (A) to allow the Commissioner to increase the dollar limitation by not exceeding $4,500 for each additional family dwelling unit, in excess of two located on such property, repealed clause (B), changed “$9,500” to read “$9,450”, “90” to “95” in clause (C), and changed clause (D) to provide that an insured mortgage could not exceed $6,650 in amount and not exceed 95 per centum of the appraised value, except that the Commissioner is given discretionary authority to increase such dollar amount limitation by not exceeding $950 for each additional bedroom in excess of two, and also to give Commissioner authority to increase the insurance limitation in any geographical area where he finds that cost levels so require.

**1949**—Subsec. (a). Joint Res. Oct. 25, 1949, substituted “$6,000,000,000” for “$5,500,000,000”, and “$6,750,000,000” for “$6,000,000,000”.

Act Aug. 30, 1949 substituted “$5,500,000,000” for “$5,300,000,000” and “$6,000,000,000” for “$5,500,000,000”.

Act July 15, 1949, substituted “$5,300,000,000” for “$4,000,000,000” and “$5,500,000,000” for “$5,000,000,000”.

**1948**—Subsec. (b)(2). Act Aug. 10, 1948, §101(g), (h)(1)–(3), (j)(1), substituted “$6,300” for “$5,400” in subpar. (B), substituted “$9,500” for “$8,600”, “$7,000” for “$6,000”, and “$11,000” for “$10,000” in subpar. (C), and added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (b)(3). Act Aug. 10, 1948, §101(i), (j)(2), substituted “on property approved for insurance prior to the beginning of construction” for “of the character described in paragraph (2)(B) of this subsection” and inserted “or not to exceed thirty years in the case of a mortgage insured under paragraph (2)(D) of this subsection”, at the end thereof.

Subsec. (b)(5). Act Aug. 10, 1948, §101(j)(3), inserted “or not to exceed 4 per centum per annum in the case of a mortgage insured under paragraph (2)(D) of this subsection, or not to exceed such percentum per annum, not in excess of 5 per centum, as the Administrator finds necessary to meet the mortgage market” at the end thereof.

Subsec. (c). Act Aug. 10, 1948, §101(k)(1), (2), struck out of last sentence “under this section or section 1715a of this title” after “accepted for insurance” and “and a mortgage on the same property is accepted for insurance at the time of such payment” after “herein set forth”.

**1946**—Subsec. (a). Act July 1, 1946, struck out second and third provisos providing for a limitation on the aggregate amount of mortgages outstanding, and limiting insuring of mortgages after July 1, 1946, respectively.

**1943**—Subsec. (a). Act Oct. 15, 1943, substituted “1946” for “1944” in third proviso.

**1941**—Subsec. (a). Act June 28, 1941, substituted “$4,000,000,000” for “$3,000,000,000”, “$5,000,000,000” for “$4,000,000,000”; and affected second and third provisos.

**1939**—Subsec. (a). Act June 3, 1939, §6, substituted “$3,000,000” for “$2,000,000”, “$4,000,000” for “$3,000,000”, generally revised second proviso and inserted third proviso.

Subsec. (b)(3). Act June 3, 1939, §7, struck out “until July 1, 1939”.

Subsecs. (e), (f). Act June 3, 1939, §8, added subsecs. (e) and (f).

**1938**—Subsecs. (a) to (d). Act Feb. 3, 1938, amended provisions generally.

**1935**—Subsec. (a)(1). Act Aug. 23, 1935, inserted “property and” before “project”.

Subsec. (c). Act May 28, 1935, inserted part of last sentence before the semicolon.

Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2112(c), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2831, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect upon the expiration of the date described in section 202(a) of the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–185; 122 Stat. 620) [Dec. 31, 2008].”

Pub. L. 108–447, div. I, title II, §223, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3321, provided in part that: “This provision [amending this section] shall apply to loans that become insured on or after date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 8, 2004].”

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–386 effective Oct. 30, 2004, and, except as otherwise provided, applicable with respect to fiscal year 2005 and each succeeding fiscal year, see sections 8(i) and 9 of Pub. L. 108–386, set out as notes under section 321 of this title.

Pub. L. 107–73, title II, §207(b), Nov. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 675, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall—

“(1) apply only to mortgages that are executed on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 26, 2001]; and

“(2) be implemented in advance of any necessary conforming changes to regulations.”

Title I of Pub. L. 103–211, Feb. 12, 1994, 108 Stat. 12, provided in part that: “For higher mortgage limits and improved access to mortgage insurance for victims of the January 1994 earthquake in Southern California, title II of the National Housing Act, as amended [12 U.S.C. 1707 et seq.], is further amended, as follows:

“(1) [Amended this section.]

“(2) [Amended this section.]

“(3) [Amended section 1715y of this title.]

“Eligibility for loans made under the authority granted by the preceding paragraph [amending this section and section 1715y of this title] shall be limited to persons whose principal residence was damaged or destroyed as a result of the January 1994 earthquake in Southern California: *Provided*, That the provisions under this heading [amending this section and section 1715y of this title] shall be effective only for the 18-month period following the date of enactment of this Act [Feb. 12, 1994].”

Section 503(b) of Pub. L. 102–550 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply only to mortgages executed on or after January 1, 1993.”

Section 506(b) of Pub. L. 102–550 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to mortgages for which commitments for insurance are issued after the expiration of the 12-month period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 1992].”

Section 326(b) of Pub. L. 101–625 provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply only with respect to—

“(1) mortgages insured—

“(A) pursuant to a conditional commitment issued after the expiration of the 60-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990]; or

“(B) in accordance with the direct endorsement program, if the approved underwriter of the mortgages signs the appraisal report for the property after the expiration of the 60-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act; and

“(2) the approval of substitute mortgagors, if the original mortgagor was subject to such amendments.”

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–402 deemed to have taken effect as if enacted September 29, 1990, see section 1(a) of Pub. L. 101–494, set out as an Effective Date of Temporary Extension of Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987 and Correction of Any Repeal note under section 1715*l* of this title.

Section 132(b) of Pub. L. 101–235 provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply only with respect to—

“(1) mortgages insured—

“(A) pursuant to a conditional commitment issued on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 15, 1989]; or

“(B) in accordance with the direct endorsement program (24 C.F.R. 200.163), if the approved underwriter of the mortgage signs the appraisal report for the property on or after the date of the enactment of this Act; and

“(2) the approval of substitute mortgagors, if the original mortgagor was subject to such amendments.”

Section 143(c) of Pub. L. 101–235 provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply only with respect to—

“(1) mortgages insured—

“(A) pursuant to a conditional commitment issued on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 15, 1989]; or

“(B) in accordance with the direct endorsement program, if the approved underwriter of the mortgagee signs the appraisal report for the property on or after the date of the enactment of this Act; and

“(2) the approval of substitute mortgagors, if the original mortgagor was subject to such amendments.”

Section 406(d) of Pub. L. 100–242 provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 1715d, 1715g, 1715k, 1715*l*, 1715m, 1715n, 1715y, and 1715z of this title] shall apply only with respect to—

“(1) mortgages insured—

“(A) pursuant to a conditional commitment issued on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 5, 1988]; or

“(B) in accordance with the direct endorsement program (24 CFR 200.163), if the approved underwriter of the mortgagee signs the appraisal report for the property on or after the date of the enactment of this Act; and

“(2) the approval of substitute mortgagors, referred to in the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section], if the original mortgagor was subject to such amendment.”

Section 407(a)(2) of Pub. L. 100–242, as amended by Pub. L. 100–628, title X, §1063(b), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3274, provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply to each mortgage originated pursuant to an application for commitment for insurance signed by the applicant on or after December 1, 1986.”

Section 424(b) of Pub. L. 98–181 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect only if the Secretary finds and reports to the Congress that such amendment, taking into account the higher loan-to-value ratio resulting from the advance payment of mortgage insurance premiums, will not adversely affect the actuarial soundness of the Federal Housing Administration mortgage insurance program.” [For finding and report by Secretary and rule implementing the amendments effective June 24, 1985, see 49 F.R. 39686 and 50 F.R. 19924.]

Section 423(c) of Pub. L. 98–181 provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 1715e, 1715*l*, 1715y, and 1715z of this title] shall take effect only if the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development determines that the program of advance payment of insurance premiums, with specific regard to the effect of the provisions authorized by the amendments made by such sections, is actuarially sound.” [For determination by Secretary and rule implementing the amendments effective May 10, 1984, see 49 F.R. 12693.]

Section 104 of Pub. L. 95–557 provided that: “The amendments made by this title [enacting section 5319 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and amending this section, sections 1706e and 1717 of this title, and sections 1452b, 5304, 5305, 5307, and 5318 of Title 42] shall become effective October 1, 1978.”

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–288 effective Apr. 1, 1974, see section 605 of Pub. L. 93–288, formerly set out as an Effective Date note under section 5121 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–606 effective Dec. 31, 1970, see section 304 of Pub. L. 91–606, set out as a note under section 165 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Amendment by act July 15, 1949, effective June 30, 1949, see section 202 of that act, set out as a note under section 1703 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–276, title II, §225(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2490, provided that: “The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall develop the disclosure notice under subsection (a) [amending this section] within 150 days of the enactment [Oct. 21, 1998] through notice and comment rulemaking.”

Pub. L. 111–229, §1(b), Aug. 11, 2010, 124 Stat. 2483, provided that: “The Secretary may adjust the amount of any initial or annual premium charged pursuant to subsection (a) [amending this section] through notice published in the Federal Register or mortgagee letter. Such notice or mortgagee letter shall establish the effective date of any premium adjustment therein.”

Pub. L. 101–494, §4, Oct. 31, 1990, 104 Stat. 1185, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

Section 326(c) of Pub. L. 101–625 provided that: “Any mortgage insurance provided under title II of the National Housing Act [this subchapter] before the expiration of the 60-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990], shall continue to be governed (to the extent applicable) by the provisions of section 203(g)(1) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1709(g)(1)], as such provisions existed before the date of the enactment of this Act.”

Section 2103(b), (c) of Pub. L. 101–508, as amended by Pub. L. 102–550, title I, §185(c)(3), title V, §507(b), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3748, 3782, provided that:

“(b)

“(1) 1991

“(A)

“(B)

“(i) less than 90 percent of the appraised value of the property (as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance), for the first 5 years of the mortgage term;

“(ii) greater than or equal to 90 percent of such value but equal to or less than 95 percent of such value, for the first 8 years of the mortgage term; and

“(iii) greater than 95 percent of such value, for the first 10 years of the mortgage term.

“(2) 1993

“(A)

“(B)

“(i) less than 90 percent of the appraised value of the property (as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance), for the first 7 years of the mortgage term;

“(ii) greater than or equal to 90 percent of such value but equal to or less than 95 percent of such value, for the first 12 years of the mortgage term; and

“(iii) greater than 95 percent of such value, for the first 30 years of the mortgage term.

“(3)

“(c)

Section 132(c) of Pub. L. 101–235 provided that: “Any mortgage insurance provided under title II of the National Housing Act [this subchapter] as it existed immediately before the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 15, 1989], shall continue to be governed (to the extent applicable) by the provisions of section 203(r) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1709(r)], as such section existed immediately before such date.”

Section 143(d) of Pub. L. 101–235 provided that: “Any mortgage insurance provided under title II of the National Housing Act [this subchapter], as it existed immediately before the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 15, 1989], shall continue to be governed (to the extent applicable) by the provisions amended by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section] as such provisions existed immediately before such date.”

Section 406(e) of Pub. L. 100–242 provided that: “Any mortgage insurance provided under title II of the National Housing Act [this subchapter], as it existed immediately before the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 5, 1988], shall continue to be governed (to the extent applicable) by the provisions specified in subsections (a) through (c) [this section and sections 1715d, 1715g, 1715k, 1715*l*, 1715m, 1715n, 1715y, 1715z of this title], as such provisions existed immediately before such date.”

Section 201(g) of Pub. L. 97–253 provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 1715e, 1715*l*, 1715y, and 1715z of this title], other than by subsection (b) [amending subsec. (c) of this section], may be implemented only if the Secretary determines that the program of advance payment of insurance premiums, with specific regard to the effect of the provisions authorized by the amendments made by this section, is actuarially sound.”

Section 104(b) of act Apr. 20, 1950, provided that: “The repeal of section 203(b)(2)(B) of said Act [former subsection (b)(2)(B) of this section], as provided by subsection (a) of this section, shall not affect the right of the Commissioner to insure under said section any mortgage (1) for the insurance of which application has been filed prior to the effective date of this Act [Apr. 20, 1950], or (2) with respect to a property covered by a mortgage insured under any section of the National Housing Act, as amended [this chapter].”

Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2130, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2842, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) for the period beginning on the date of the enactment of this title [July 30, 2008] and ending on October 1, 2009, the premiums charged for mortgage insurance under multifamily housing programs under the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] may not be increased above the premium amounts in effect under such program on October 1, 2006, unless the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development determines that, absent such increase, insurance of additional mortgages under such program would, under the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 [2 U.S.C. 661 et seq.], require the appropriation of new budget authority to cover the costs (as such term is defined in section 502 of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661a)[)] of such insurance; and

“(2) a premium increase pursuant to paragraph (1) may be made only if not less than 30 days prior to such increase taking effect, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development—

“(A) notifies the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives of such increase; and

“(B) publishes notice of such increase in the Federal Register.

“(b)

Pub. L. 103–66, title III, §3005, Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 340, provided that: “To improve the actuarial soundness of the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund under the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall increase the rate at which the Secretary earns the single premium payment collected at the time of insurance of a mortgage that is an obligation of such Fund (with respect to the rate in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 10, 1993]). In establishing such increased rate, the Secretary shall consider any current audit findings and reserve analyses and information regarding the expected average duration of mortgages that are obligations of such Fund and may consider any other information that the Secretary determines to be appropriate.”

Section 448 of Pub. L. 98–181 directed Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to evaluate existing use of home equity conversion mortgages for the elderly and, not later than the expiration of the 1-year period following Nov. 30, 1983, submit to Congress a report setting forth the results of such evaluation. Such report to include an evaluation of whether use of such mortgages improves financial situation, or otherwise meets special needs, of elderly homeowners; an evaluation of any risks incurred by mortgagors as a result of use of such mortgages, and any recommendations of Secretary for appropriate safeguards to be included in such mortgages to minimize such risks; an evaluation of the potential for acceptance of such mortgages in the private market; and any recommendations of Secretary for establishment of a Federal program of insuring such mortgages.

Section 309 of Pub. L. 96–153 directed Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to (a) conduct a study of the relative risks of loss for various classes of mortgages which may be insured under sections 1709(b) and 213 of this title, for the purpose of making recommendations on the advisability of reducing mortgage insurance premiums, and transmit the recommendations to Congress within 18 months from Dec. 21, 1979, and (b) conduct a study of alternatives to the present system of fixed statutory maximum amounts for mortgages insured under subchapters I and II of this chapter and report to Congress on the results of the study together with recommendations for legislative, by Mar. 1, 1980.

Pub. L. 90–448, §109, authorized Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to develop a plan of insurance to help homeowners meet mortgage payments in times of personal economic adversity, i.e., death, disability, illness, and unemployment; required the program to be actuarially sound through the use of premiums, fees, extended or increased payment schedules, or other similar methods in conjunction with federal participation as necessary; directed the Secretary to report to Congress within 6 months of Aug. 1, 1968 and to recommend legislation, authorizing him to contract with companies, corporations, or joint enterprises formed to provide home mortgage insurance protection for the purpose of reinsuring insurance reserve funds, subsidizing premium payments for lower income mortgagors, or otherwise making possible insurance protection of homeowners; and authorized the Secretary, in preparing his recommendations, to consult with other agencies or instrumentalities of the United States which insure or guarantee home mortgages in order that any recommended legislation afford equal benefits to mortgagors participating in their programs.

1 See References in Text note below.

Section, Pub. L. 90–301, §3(a), May 7, 1968, 82 Stat. 113; Pub. L. 90–448, title III, §315, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 512; Pub. L. 91–78, §3, Sept. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 125; Pub. L. 91–152, title IV, §401, Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 394; Pub. L. 91–351, title VI, §601, July 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 461; Pub. L. 92–213, §1, Dec. 22, 1971, 85 Stat. 775; Pub. L. 92–335, §1, July 1, 1972, 86 Stat. 405; Pub. L. 93–85, §2, Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 220; Pub. L. 93–117, §3, Oct. 2, 1973, 87 Stat. 422; Pub. L. 93–234, title II, §208, Dec. 31, 1973, 87 Stat. 984; Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §§309(e), 317, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 682, 685; Pub. L. 95–60, §2, June 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 257; Pub. L. 95–80, §2, July 31, 1977, 91 Stat. 339; Pub. L. 95–128, title III, §302, Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1131; Pub. L. 95–406, §2, Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 880; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §302, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2096; Pub. L. 96–71, §2, Sept. 28, 1979, 93 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 96–105, §2, Nov. 8, 1979, 93 Stat. 794; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §302, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1112; Pub. L. 96–372, §3, Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1364; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §§302, 332, Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1639, 1652; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §332, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 413; Pub. L. 97–289, §2, Oct. 6, 1982, 96 Stat. 1231; Pub. L. 98–35, §2, May 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 98–109, §2, Oct. 1, 1983, 97 Stat. 746, authorized the Secretary, until Dec. 1, 1983, to set the maximum interest rates for certain mortgage insurance programs, notwithstanding the authority of the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to establish such rates, specified the criteria to be considered in establishing such rates, authorized the Secretary to provide that the interest rate applicable under section 1709(b) of this title be the negotiated interest rate specified in the commitment agreement, limited the amount of mortgages with such negotiated interest rates which may be insured and prohibited such negotiated interest rates with respect to mortgages subject to section 1715z–10 of this title.

Section 4 of Pub. L. 90–301, as amended by Pub. L. 90–565, Oct. 12, 1968, 82 Stat. 1001; Pub. L. 91–9, Apr. 11, 1969, 83 Stat. 7; Pub. L. 91–38, July 1, 1969, 83 Stat. 43, which established a Commission to study mortgage interest rates and to make recommendations to assure the availability of an adequate supply of mortgage credit at a reasonable cost to the consumer, directed the Commission to make an interim report not later than July 1, 1969, and a final report of its study and recommendations not later than August 1, 1969, to enable the President, Congress, and the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to take necessary action before October 1, 1969, when the authorization for the increase in interest rates above present statutory ceilings will expire, and provided that the Commission cease to exist sixty days after the submission of its final report, was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §404(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1208.

(a) The provisions of the constitution of any State expressly limiting the amount of interest which may be charged, taken, received, or reserved by certain classes of lenders and the provisions of any law of that State expressly limiting the amount of interest which may be charged, taken, received, or reserved shall not apply to—

(1) any loan or mortgage which is secured by a one- to four-family dwelling and which is (A) insured under title I or II [12 U.S.C. 1702 et seq. or 1707 et seq.] of the National Housing Act, or (B) insured, guaranteed, or made under chapter 37 of title 38; or

(2) any temporary construction loan or other interim financing if at the time such loan is made or financing is arranged, the intention to obtain permanent financing substantially by means of loans or mortgages so insured, guaranteed, or made is declared.

(b) The provisions of this section shall apply to such loans, mortgages, or other interim financing made or executed in any State until the effective date (after June 30, 1976) of a provision of law of that State limiting the amount of interest which may be charged, taken, received, or reserved on such loans, mortgages, or financing.

(Pub. L. 94–324, §8, June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 722.)

The National Housing Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, as amended. Titles I and II of the National Housing Act are classified generally to subchapters I (§1702 et seq.) and II (§1707 et seq.), respectively, of this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1701 of this title and Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Veterans Housing Amendments Act of 1976, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Section effective June 30, 1976, see section 9(a) of Pub. L. 94–324, set out as a note under section 3701 of Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits.

Whoever, with intent to defraud, willfully engages in a pattern or practice of—

(1) purchasing one- to four-family dwellings (including condominiums and cooperatives) which are subject to a loan in default at time of purchase or in default within one year subsequent to the purchase and the loan is secured by a mortgage or deed of trust insured or held by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs, or the loan is made by the Department of Veterans Affairs,

(2) failing to make payments under the mortgage or deed of trust as the payments become due, regardless of whether the purchaser is obligated on the loan, and

(3) applying or authorizing the application of rents from such dwellings for his own use,

shall be fined not more than $250,000 or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both. This section shall apply to a purchaser of such a dwelling, or a beneficial owner under any business organization or trust purchasing such dwelling, or to an officer, director, or agent of any such purchaser. Nothing in this section shall apply to the purchaser of only one such dwelling.

(Pub. L. 91–609, title IX, §912, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1814; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §416(a), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1907; Pub. L. 102–54, §13(d)(1), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 274.)

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1991**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 102–54 substituted “Department of Veterans Affairs” for “Veterans’ Administration” in two places.

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–242 inserted parenthetical reference to condominiums and cooperatives in par. (1), substituted “due, regardless of whether the purchaser is obligated on the loan” for “due” in par. (2), and substituted “$250,000” for “$5,000” and “5” for “three” in closing provisions.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, in establishing maximum loan-to-value ratios for mortgages insured by him under the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], as amended by sections 101, 102, and 103 of this Act, shall determine that such ratios are in the public interest after taking into consideration (1) the effect of such ratios on the national economy and on conditions in the building industry, and (2) the availability or unavailability of residential mortgage credit assisted under the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended.

(Pub. L. 85–104, title I, §104, July 12, 1957, 71 Stat. 296; Pub. L. 90–19, §14(a), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 24.)

The National Housing Act, referred to in text, is act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, as amended, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1701 of this title and Tables.

Amendments by sections 101, 102, and 103 of this act, referred to in text, refers to amendment of sections 1709(b), (i), 1715k(d)(3), and 1715m(b) of this title by Pub. L. 85–104. Section 1709(i) of this title was repealed by Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2120(a)(1), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835. Section 1715m of this title was repealed by Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2120(a)(5), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835.

The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended, referred to in text, is act June 22, 1944, ch. 268, 58 Stat. 284, as amended, which was classified generally to chapter 11C (§§693 to 697g) of former Title 38, Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans’ Relief, and which was repealed by section 14(87) of Pub. L. 85–857, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1273, the first section of which enacted Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits. For distribution of sections 693 to 697g of former Title 38 to Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits, see Table preceding section 101 of Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing Act of 1957, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” for “Federal Housing Commissioner”.

Section, Pub. L. 85–104, title VI, §605, July 12, 1957, 71 Stat. 305, authorized Federal Housing Commissioner and Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs to fix reasonable limits on charges, fees, and discounts imposed upon builders, sellers, or purchasers.

The Secretary may, in accordance with this subsection and terms and conditions prescribed by the Secretary, pay insurance benefits to a mortgagee for any mortgage insured under section 1709 of this title through any of the following methods:

The Secretary may pay insurance benefits whenever a mortgage has been in a monetary default for not less than 3 full monthly installments or whenever the mortgagee is entitled to foreclosure for a nonmonetary default. Insurance benefits shall be paid pursuant to this subparagraph only upon the assignment, transfer, and delivery to the Secretary of—

(i) all rights and interests arising under the mortgage;

(ii) all claims of the mortgagee against the mortgagor or others arising out of the mortgage transaction;

(iii) title evidence satisfactory to the Secretary; and

(iv) such records relating to the mortgage transaction as the Secretary may require.

The Secretary may pay insurance benefits if the mortgagee has acquired title to the mortgaged property through foreclosure or has otherwise acquired such property from the mortgagor after a default upon—

(i) the prompt conveyance to the Secretary of title to the property which meets the standards of the Secretary in force at the time the mortgage was insured and which is evidenced in the manner provided by such standards; and

(ii) the assignment to the Secretary of all claims of the mortgagee against the mortgagor or others, arising out of mortgage transaction or foreclosure proceedings, except such claims as may have been released with the consent of the Secretary.

The Secretary may permit the mortgagee to tender to the Secretary a satisfactory conveyance of title and transfer of possession directly from the mortgagor or other appropriate grantor, and may pay to the mortgagee the insurance benefits to which it would otherwise be entitled if such conveyance had been made to the mortgagee and from the mortgagee to the Secretary.

The Secretary may pay insurance benefits upon sale of the mortgaged property at foreclosure where such sale is for at least the fair market value of the property (with appropriate adjustments), as determined by the Secretary, and upon assignment to the Secretary of all claims referred to in clause (ii) of subparagraph (B).

The Secretary may pay insurance benefits upon the sale of the mortgaged property by the mortgagor after default and the assignment to the Secretary of all claims referred to in clause (ii) of subparagraph (B), if—

(i) the sale of the mortgaged property has been approved by the Secretary;

(ii) the mortgagee receives an amount at least equal to the fair market value of the property (with appropriate adjustments), as determined by the Secretary; and

(iii) the mortgagor has received an appropriate disclosure, as determined by the Secretary.

The Secretary may pay insurance benefits to the mortgagee to recompense the mortgagee for all or part of any costs of the mortgagee for taking loss mitigation actions that provide an alternative to foreclosure of a mortgage that is in default or faces imminent default, as defined by the Secretary (including but not limited to actions such as special forbearance, loan modification, support for borrower housing counseling, partial claims, borrower incentives, preforeclosure sale, and deeds in lieu of foreclosure, but not including assignment of mortgages to the Secretary under section subsection 1 (a)(1)(A) or section 1715u(c) of this title). No actions taken under this paragraph, nor any failure to act under this paragraph, by the Secretary or by a mortgagee shall be subject to judicial review.

The Secretary shall publish guidelines for determining which of the procedures for payment of insurance under paragraph (1) are available to a mortgagee when it claims insurance benefits. At least one of the procedures for payment of insurance benefits specified in paragraph (1)(A) or (1)(B) shall be available to a mortgagee with respect to a mortgage, but the same procedure shall not be required to be available for all of the mortgages held by a mortgagee.

If a mortgage is assigned to the Secretary under paragraph (1)(A), the Secretary may permit the assigning mortgagee or its servicer to continue to service the mortgage for reasonable compensation and on terms and conditions determined by the Secretary. Neither the Secretary nor any servicer of the mortgage shall be required to forbear from collection of amounts due under the mortgage or otherwise pursue loss mitigation measures.

Insurance benefits shall be paid in accordance with section 1735d of this title and shall be equal to the original principal obligation of the mortgage (with such additions and deductions as the Secretary determines are appropriate) which was unpaid upon the date of—

(A) assignment of the mortgage to the Secretary;

(B) the institution of foreclosure proceedings;

(C) the acquisition of the property after default other than by foreclosure; or

(D) sale of the mortgaged property by the mortgagor.

The mortgagee may, upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe—

(A) extend the time for the curing of the default and the time for commencing foreclosure proceedings or for otherwise acquiring title to the mortgaged property, to such time as the mortgagee determines is necessary and desirable to enable the mortgagor to complete the mortgage payments, including an extension of time beyond the stated maturity of the mortgage, and in the event of a subsequent foreclosure or acquisition of the property by other means the Secretary may include in the amount of insurance benefits an amount equal to any unpaid mortgage interest; or

(B) provide for a modification of the terms of the mortgage for the purpose of recasting, over the remaining term of the mortgage or over such longer period pursuant to guidelines as may be prescribed by the Secretary, the total unpaid amount then due, with the modification to become effective currently or to become effective upon the termination of an agreed-upon extension of the period for curing the default; and the principal amount of the mortgage, as modified, shall be considered the “original principal obligation of the mortgage” for purposes of paragraph (5).

The obligation of the mortgagee to pay the premium charges for insurance shall cease upon fulfillment of the appropriate requirements under which the Secretary may pay insurance benefits, as described in paragraph (1). The Secretary may also terminate the mortgagee's obligation to pay mortgage insurance premiums upon receipt of an application filed by the mortgagee for insurance benefits under paragraph (1), or in the event the contract of insurance is terminated pursuant to section 1715t of this title.

Nothing in this section shall limit the authority of the Secretary to pay insurance benefits under section 1715u of this title.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, or the Amended Stipulation entered as a consent decree on November 8, 1979, in Ferrell v. Cuomo, No. 73 C 334 (N.D. Ill.), or any other order intended to require the Secretary to operate the program of mortgage assignment and forbearance that was operated by the Secretary pursuant to the Amended Stipulation and under the authority of section 1715u of this title, prior to its amendment by section 407(b) of The Balanced Budget Downpayment Act, I (Public Law 104–99; 110 Stat. 45), no mortgage assigned under this section may be included in any mortgage foreclosure avoidance program that is the same or substantially equivalent to such a program of mortgage assignment and forbearance.

The Secretary may at any time, under such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, consent to the release of the mortgagor from his liability under the mortgage or the credit instrument secured thereby, or consent to the release of parts of the mortgaged property from the lien of the mortgage.

Debentures issued under this section—

(1) shall be in such form and amounts;

(2) shall be subject to such terms and conditions;

(3) shall include such provisions for redemption, if any, as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury; and

(4) may be in book entry or certificated registered form, or such other form as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may prescribe in regulations.

The debentures issued under this section to any mortagee 2 with respect to mortgages insured under section 1709 of this title shall be issued in the name of the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund as obligor and shall be negotiable, and, if in book entry form, transferable, in the manner described by the Secretary in regulations. All such debentures shall be dated as of the date foreclosure proceedings were instituted, or the property was otherwise acquired by the mortgagee after default: *Provided*, That debentures issued pursuant to claims for insurance filed on or after September 2, 1964 shall be dated as of the date of default or as of such later date as the Secretary, in his discretion, may establish by regulation. The debentures shall bear interest from such date at a rate established by the Secretary pursuant to section 1715*o* of this title, payable semiannually on the 1st day of January and the 1st day of July of each year, and shall mature twenty years after the date thereof. Such debentures as are issued in exchange for property covered by mortgages insured under section 1709 or section 1713 of this title prior to February 3, 1938 shall be subject only to such Federal, State, and local taxes as the mortgages in exchange for which they are issued would be subject to in the hands of the holder of the debentures and shall be a liability of the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund, but such debentures shall be fully and unconditionally guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States; but any mortgagee entitled to receive any such debentures may elect to receive in lieu thereof a cash adjustment and debentures issued as hereinafter provided and bearing the current rate of interest. Such debentures as are issued in exchange for property covered by the mortgages insured after February 3, 1938, shall be exempt, both as to principal and interest, from all taxation (except surtaxes, estate, inheritance, and gift taxes) now or hereafter imposed by the United States, by any Territory, dependency, or possession thereof, or by any State, county, municipality, or local taxing authority; and such debentures shall be paid out of the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund, which shall be primarily liable therefor, and they shall be fully and unconditionally guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States, and, in the case of debentures issued in certificated registered form, such guaranty shall be expressed on the face of the debentures. In the event that the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund fails to pay upon demand, when due, the principal of or interest on any debentures issued under this section, the Secretary of the Treasury shall pay to the holders the amount thereof which is authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, and thereupon to the extent of the amount so paid the Secretary of the Treasury shall succeed to all the rights of the holders of such debentures.

(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the certificate of claim issued by the Secretary to any mortgagee shall be for an amount which the Secretary determines to be sufficient, when added to the face value of the debentures issued and the cash adjustment paid to the mortgagee, to equal the amount which the mortgagee would have received if, at the time of the conveyance to the Secretary of the property covered by the mortgage, the mortgagor had redeemed the property and paid in full all obligations under the mortgage and a reasonable amount for necessary expenses incurred by the mortgagee in connection with the foreclosure proceedings, or the acquisition of the mortgaged property otherwise, and the conveyance thereof to the Secretary. Each such certificate of claim shall provide that there shall accrue to the holder of such certificate with respect to the face amount of such certificate, an increment at the rate of 3 per centum per annum which shall not be compounded. The amount to which the holder of any such certificate shall be entitled shall be determined as provided in subsection (f) of this section.

(2) A certificate of claim shall not be issued and the provisions of paragraph (1) of this subsection shall not be applicable in the case of a mortgage accepted for insurance pursuant to a commitment issued on or after September 2, 1964.

(1) If, after deducting (in such manner and amount as the Secretary shall determine to be equitable and in accordance with sound accounting practice) the expenses incurred by the Secretary, the net amount realized from any property conveyed to the Secretary under this section and the claims assigned therewith exceed the face value of the debentures issued and the cash paid in exchange for such property plus all interest paid on such debentures, such excess shall be divided as follows:

(i) If such excess is greater than the total amount payable under the certificate of claim issued in connection with such property, the Secretary shall pay to the holder of such certificate the full amount so payable, and any excess remaining thereafter shall be paid to the mortgagor of such property if the mortgage was insured under section 1709 of this title: *Provided*, That on and after September 2, 1964, any excess remaining after payment to the holder of the full amount of the certificate of claim, together with the accrued interest increment thereon, shall be retained by the Secretary and credited to the applicable insurance fund; and

(ii) If such excess is equal to or less than the total amount payable under such certificate of claim, the Secretary shall pay to the holder of such certificate the full amount of such excess.

(2) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this section, the Secretary is authorized, with respect to mortgages insured pursuant to commitments for insurance issued after August 11, 1955, and, with the consent of the mortgagee or mortgagor, as the case may be, with respect to mortgages insured pursuant to commitments issued prior to such date, to effect the settlement of certificates of claim and refunds to mortgagors at any time after the sale or transfer of title to the property conveyed to the Secretary under this section and without awaiting the final liquidation of such property for the purpose of determining the net amount to be realized therefrom: *Provided*, That the settlement authority created by the Housing Amendments of 1955 shall be terminated with respect to any certificates of claim outstanding as of September 2, 1964.

(3) With the consent of the holder thereof, the Secretary is authorized, without awaiting the final liquidation of the Secretary's interest in the property, to settle any certificate of claim issued pursuant to subsection (e) of this section, with respect to which settlement had not been effected prior to September 2, 1964, by making payment in cash to the holder thereof of such amount not exceeding the face amount of the certificate of claim, together with the accrued interest thereon, as the Secretary may consider appropriate: *Provided*, That in any case where the certificate of claim is settled in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph, any amounts realized after September 2, 1964, in the liquidation of the Secretary's interest in the property, shall be retained by the Secretary and credited to the applicable insurance fund.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law relating to the acquisition, handling, or disposal of real property by the United States, the Secretary shall have power to deal with, complete, rent, renovate, modernize, insure, or sell for cash or credit, in his discretion, any properties conveyed to him in exchange for debentures and certificates of claim as provided in this section; and notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall also have power to pursue to final collection, by way of compromise or otherwise, all claims against mortgagors assigned by mortgagees to the Secretary as provided in this section: *Provided*, That section 6101 of title 41 shall not be construed to apply to any contract for hazard insurance, or to any purchase or contract for services or supplies on account of such property if the amount thereof does not exceed $1,000. The Secretary shall, by regulation, carry out a program of sales of such properties and shall develop and implement appropriate credit terms and standards to be used in carrying out the program. The power to convey and to execute in the name of the Secretary deeds of conveyance, deeds of release, assignments and satisfactions of mortgages, and any other written instrument relating to real or personal property or any interest therein heretofore or hereafter acquired by the Secretary pursuant to the provisions of this chapter, may be exercised by an officer appointed by him, without the execution of any express delegation of power or power of attorney: *Provided*, That nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prevent the Secretary from delegating such power by order or by power of attorney, in his discretion, to any officer, agent, or employee he may appoint: *And provided further*, That a conveyance or transfer of title to real or personal property or an interest therein to the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, his successors and assigns, without identifying the Secretary therein, shall be deemed a proper conveyance or transfer to the same extent and of like effect as if the Secretary were personally named in such conveyance or transfer. The Secretary may sell real and personal property acquired by the Secretary pursuant to the provisions of this chapter on such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe.

The purpose of this subsection is to require the Secretary to carry out a program under which eligible assets (as such term is defined in paragraph (2)) shall be made available for sale in a manner that promotes the revitalization, through expanded homeownership opportunities, of revitalization areas. Notwithstanding the authority under the last sentence of subsection (g) of this section, the Secretary shall dispose of all eligible assets under the program and shall establish the program in accordance with the requirements under this subsection.

For purposes of this subsection, the term “eligible asset” means any of the following categories of assets of the Secretary, unless the Secretary determines at any time that the asset property is economically or otherwise infeasible to rehabilitate or that the best use of the asset property is as open space (including park land):

Any property that—

(i) is designed as a dwelling for occupancy by 1 to 4 families;

(ii) is located in a revitalization area;

(iii) was previously subject to a mortgage insured under the provisions of this chapter; and

(iv) is owned by the Secretary pursuant to the payment of insurance benefits under this chapter.

Any mortgage that—

(i) is an interest in a property that meets the requirements of clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A);

(ii) was previously insured under the provisions of this chapter except for mortgages insured under or made pursuant to sections 1715z, 1715z–12, or 1715z–20 of this title; and

(iii) is held by the Secretary pursuant to the payment of insurance benefits under this chapter.

For purposes of this subsection, an asset under this subparagraph shall be considered to be located in a revitalization area, or in the asset control area of a preferred purchaser, if the property described in clause (i) is located in such area.

The Secretary shall designate areas as revitalization areas for purposes of this subsection. Before designation of an area as a revitalization area, the Secretary shall consult with affected units of general local government, States, and Indian tribes and interested nonprofit organizations. The Secretary may designate as revitalization areas only areas that meet one of the following requirements:

The median household income for the area is less than 60 percent of the median household income for—

(i) in the case of any area located within a metropolitan area, such metropolitan area; or

(ii) in the case of any area not located within a metropolitan area, the State in which the area is located.

A high rate of default or foreclosure for single family mortgages insured under this chapter has resulted, or may result, in the area—

(i) having a disproportionately high concentration of eligible assets, in comparison with the concentration of such assets in surrounding areas; or

(ii) being detrimentally impacted by eligible assets in the vicinity of the area.

The rate for home ownership of single family homes in the area is substantially below the rate for homeownership in the metropolitan area.

The Secretary shall provide a preference, among prospective purchasers of eligible assets, for sale of such assets to any purchaser who—

(A) is—

(i) the unit of general local government, State, or Indian tribe having jurisdiction with respect to the area in which are located the eligible assets to be sold; or

(ii) a nonprofit organization;

(B) in making a purchase under the program under this subsection—

(i) establishes an asset control area, which shall be an area that consists of part or all of a revitalization area; and

(ii) purchases all assets of the Secretary in the category or categories of eligible assets set forth in the sale agreement required under paragraph (7) that, at any time during the period which shall be set forth in the sale agreement—

(I) are or become eligible for purchase under this subsection; and

(II) are located in the asset control area of the purchaser; and

(C) has the capacity to carry out the purchase of the category or categories of eligible assets set forth in the sale agreement under the program under this subsection and under the provisions of this paragraph.

Under the program under this subsection, the Secretary may sell an eligible asset as provided in paragraph (4) to a preferred purchaser only pursuant to a binding agreement by the preferred purchaser that the eligible asset will be used in conjunction with a home ownership plan that provides as follows:

(i) The plan has as its primary purpose the expansion of home ownership in, and the revitalization of, the asset control area, established pursuant to paragraph (4)(B)(i) by the purchaser, in which the eligible asset is located.

(ii) Under the plan, the preferred purchaser has established, and agreed to meet, specific performance goals for increasing the rate of home ownership for eligible assets in the asset control area that are under the purchaser's control. The plan shall provide that the Secretary may waive or modify such goals or deadlines only upon a determination by the Secretary that a good faith effort has been made in complying with the goals through the homeownership plan and that exceptional neighborhood conditions prevented attainment of the goal.

(iii) Under the plan, the preferred purchaser has established rehabilitation standards that meet or exceed the standards for housing quality established under subparagraph (B)(iii) by the Secretary, and has agreed that each asset property for an eligible asset purchased will be rehabilitated in accordance with such standards.

Under the program under this subsection, the Secretary may sell an eligible asset to a purchaser who is not a preferred purchaser only pursuant to a binding agreement by the purchaser that complies with the following requirements:

(i) The purchaser has agreed to meet specific performance goals established by the Secretary for home ownership of the asset properties for the eligible assets purchased by the purchaser, except that the Secretary may, by including a provision in the sale agreement required under paragraph (7), provide for a lower rate of home ownership in sales involving exceptional circumstances.

(ii) The purchaser has agreed that each asset property for an eligible asset purchased will be rehabilitated to comply with minimum standards for housing quality established by the Secretary for purposes of the program under this subsection.

For the purpose of providing a public purpose discount for the bulk sales of eligible assets made under the program under this subsection by preferred purchasers, each eligible asset sold through the program under this subsection to a preferred purchaser shall be sold at a price that is discounted from the value of the asset, as based on the appraised value of the asset property (as such term is defined in paragraph (8)).

The Secretary shall require that each appraisal of an eligible asset under this paragraph is based upon—

(i) the market value of the asset property in its “as is” physical condition, which shall take into consideration age and condition of major mechanical and structural systems; and

(ii) the value of the property appraised for home ownership.

The Secretary, in the sole discretion of the Secretary, shall establish the discount under this paragraph for an eligible asset. In determining the discount, the Secretary may consider the condition of the asset property, the extent of resources available to the preferred purchaser, the comprehensive revitalization plan undertaken by such purchaser, the financial safety and soundness of the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund, and any other circumstances the Secretary considers appropriate 3

The Secretary may sell an eligible asset under this subsection only pursuant to a sale agreement entered into under this paragraph with the purchaser, which shall include the following provisions:

The sale agreement shall identify the category or categories of eligible assets to be purchased and, based on the purchaser's capacity to manage and dispose of assets, the maximum number of assets owned by the Secretary at the time the sale agreement is executed that shall be sold to the purchaser.

The sale agreement shall identify—

(i) the boundaries of the specific revitalization areas (or portions thereof) in which are located the eligible assets that are covered by the agreement; and

(ii) in the case of a preferred purchaser, the asset control area established pursuant to paragraph (4)(B)(i) that is covered by the agreement.

The sale agreement shall identify the sources of financing for the purchase of the eligible assets.

The sale agreement shall contain binding agreements by the purchaser sufficient to comply with—

(i) in the case of a preferred purchaser, the requirements under paragraph (5)(A), which agreements shall provide that the eligible assets purchased will be used in conjunction with a home ownership plan meeting the requirements of such paragraph, and shall set forth the terms of the homeownership plan, including—

(I) the goals of the plan for the eligible assets purchased and for the asset control area subject to the plan;

(II) the revitalization areas (or portions thereof) in which the homeownership plan is operating or will operate;

(III) the specific use or disposition of the eligible assets under the plan; and

(IV) any activities to be conducted and services to be provided under the plan; or

(ii) in the case of a purchaser who is not a preferred purchaser, the requirements under paragraph (5)(B).

The sale agreement shall establish the purchase price of the eligible assets, which in the case of a preferred purchaser shall provide for a discount in accordance with paragraph (6).

The sale agreement shall provide for compliance of the eligible assets purchased with the rehabilitation standards established under paragraph (5)(A)(iii) or the minimum standards for housing quality established under paragraph (5)(B)(ii), as applicable, and shall specify such standards.

The sale agreement shall set forth the specific performance goals applicable to the purchaser, in accordance with paragraph (5), shall set forth any sanctions for failure to meet such goals and deadlines, and shall require the purchaser to certify compliance with such goals.

The sale agreement shall establish—

(i) in the case of a preferred purchaser, the time period referred to in paragraph (4)(B)(ii); and

(ii) in the case of a purchaser who is not a preferred purchaser, the time period for purchase of eligible assets that may be covered by the purchase.

The agreement shall contain such other terms and conditions as may be necessary to require that eligible assets purchased under the agreement are used in accordance with the program under this subsection.

For purposes of this subsection, the following definitions shall apply:

The term “asset control area” means the area established by a preferred purchaser pursuant to paragraph (4)(B)(i).

The term “asset property” means—

(i) with respect to an eligible asset that is a property, such property; and

(ii) with respect to an eligible asset that is a mortgage, the property that is subject to the mortgage.

The term “eligible asset” means an asset described in paragraph (2).

The term “nonprofit organization” means a private organization that—

(i) is organized under State or local laws;

(ii) has no part of its net earnings inuring to the benefit of any member, shareholder, founder, contributor, or individual; and

(iii) complies with standards of financial responsibility that the Secretary may require.

The term “preferred purchaser” means a purchaser described in paragraph (4).

The term “unit of general local government” means any city, town, township, county, parish, village, or other general purpose political subdivision of a State, and any agency or instrumentality thereof that is established pursuant to legislation and designated by the chief executive officer to act on behalf of the jurisdiction with regard to the provisions of this subsection.

The term “State” means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, or any agency or instrumentality thereof that is established pursuant to legislation and designated by the chief executive officer to act on behalf of the State with regard to provisions of this subjection.4

The term “Indian tribe” has the same meaning as in section 1715z–13(i)(I) 5 of this title.

The Secretary shall have the authority to implement and administer the program under this subsection in such manner as the Secretary may determine. The Secretary may, in the sole discretion of the Secretary, enter into contracts to provide for the proper administration of the program with such public or nonprofit entities as the Secretary determines are qualified.

The Secretary shall issue regulations to implement the program under this subsection through rulemaking in accordance with the procedures established under section 553 of title 5 regarding substantive rules. Such regulations shall take effect not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on October 21, 1998.

No mortgagee or mortgagor shall have, and no certificate of claim shall be construed to give to any mortgagee or mortgagor, any right or interest in any property conveyed to the Secretary or in any claim assigned to him; nor shall the Secretary owe any duty to any mortgagee or mortgagor with respect to the handling or disposal of any such property or the collection of any such claim.

In the event that any mortgagee under a mortgage insured under section 1709 of this title (other than a mortgagee receiving insurance benefits under clause (1)(A) of the second sentence of subsection (a) of this section) forecloses on the mortgaged property but does not convey such property to the Secretary in accordance with this section, and the Secretary is given written notice thereof, or in the event that the mortgagor pays the obligation under the mortgage in full prior to the maturity thereof, and the mortgagee pays any adjusted premium charge required under the provisions of section 1709(c) of this title, and the Secretary is given written notice by the mortgagee of the payment of such obligation, the obligation to pay any subsequent premium charge for insurance shall cease, and all rights of the mortgagee and the mortgagor under this section shall terminate as of the date of such notice.

(1) Whenever the Secretary or a contract mortgagee (pursuant to its contract with the Secretary) forecloses on a Secretary-held single family mortgage in any Federal or State court or pursuant to a power of sale in a mortgage, the purchaser at the foreclosure sale shall be entitled to receive a conveyance of title to, and possession of, the property, subject to the interests senior to the interests of the Secretary or the contract mortgagee, as the case may be. Notwithstanding any State law to the contrary, there shall be no right of redemption (including in all instances any right to possession based upon any right of redemption) in the mortgagor or any other person subsequent to the foreclosure sale in connection with a Secretary-held single family mortgage. The appropriate State official or the trustee, as the case may be, shall execute and deliver a deed or other appropriate instrument conveying title to the purchaser at the foreclosure sale, consistent with applicable procedures in the jurisdiction and without regard to any such right of redemption.

(2) The following actions shall be taken in order to verify title in the purchaser at the foreclosure sale:

(A) In the case of a judicial foreclosure in any Federal or State court, there shall be included in the petition and in the judgment of foreclosure a statement that the foreclosure is in accordance with this subsection and that there is no right of redemption in the mortgagor or any other person.

(B) In the case of a foreclosure pursuant to a power of sale provision in the mortgage, the statement required in subparagraph (A) shall be included in the advertisement of the sale and either in the recitals of the deed or other appropriate instrument conveying title to the purchaser at the foreclosure sale or in an affidavit or addendum to the deed.

(3) For purposes of this subsection:

(A) The term “contract mortgagee” means a person or entity under a contract with the Secretary that provides for the assignment of a single-family mortgage from the Secretary to the person or entity for the purpose of pursuing foreclosure.

(B) the 6 term “mortgage” means a deed of trust, mortgage, deed to secure debt, security agreement, or any other form of instrument under which any interest in property, real, personal, or mixed, or any interest in property, including leaseholds, life estates, reversionary interests, and any other estates under applicable State law, is conveyed in trust, mortgaged, encumbered, pledged, or otherwise rendered subject to a lien, for the purpose of securing the payment of money or the performance of an obligation.

(C) The term “Secretary-held single family mortgage” means a single-family mortgage held by the Secretary or by a contract mortgagee at the time of initiation of foreclosure that—

(i) was formerly insured by the Secretary under any section of this subchapter; or

(ii) was taken by the Secretary as a purchase money mortgage in connection with the sale or other transfer of Secretary-owned property under any section of this subchapter.

(D) the term “single-family mortgage” means a mortgage that covers property on which is located a 1-to-4 family residence.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §204, 48 Stat. 1249; May 28, 1935, ch. 150, §29(c), 49 Stat. 300; Feb. 19, 1937, ch. 12, 50 Stat. 20; Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §3, 52 Stat. 12; June 3, 1939, ch. 175, §§9, 10, 53 Stat. 806; June 28, 1941, ch. 261, §9, 55 Stat. 365; Oct. 14, 1943, ch. 258, §1, 57 Stat. 570; Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title I, §101(*l*), (q), 62 Stat. 1273, 1274; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §§105, 122, 64 Stat. 52, 59; Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title VI, §604(a), 65 Stat. 314; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §§111, 112(a), 113, 68 Stat. 593, 594; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title I, §102(a), 69 Stat. 635; Pub. L. 85–104, title I, §§107, 108(a), July 12, 1957, 71 Stat. 297; Pub. L. 86–372, title I, §§114(b), 117, Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 662, 664; Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §612(b), (c), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 180; Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §§104(a), 105(a), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 769, 770; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(d), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 504; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(2), (3), (4), (d), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17, 18; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §426, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1218; Pub. L. 100–242, title V, §569, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1948; Pub. L. 100–628, title X, §1064(a), (b), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3275; Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §136, Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2028; Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §516(a), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3790; Pub. L. 104–99, title IV, §407(a), Jan. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 45; Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(e) [title II, §221(a)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–257, 1321–290; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 105–276, title VI, §§601(a), (c), (d), 602, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2670, 2673, 2674; Pub. L. 108–447, div. I, title II, §221, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3320; Pub. L. 111–22, div. A, title II, §203(c), May 20, 2009, 123 Stat. 1644.)

The Housing Amendments of 1955, referred to in subsec. (f)(2), is act Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, 69 Stat. 635, as amended. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1955 Amendments note set out under section 1701 of this title and Tables.

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (g) and (h), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

In subsec. (g), “section 6101 of title 41” substituted for “section 3709 of the Revised Statutes” on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

**2009**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 111–22, §203(c)(3), substituted “subsection (a)(1)(A) or section 1715u(c) of this title” for “paragraph (1)(A)”.

Pub. L. 111–22, §203(c)(1), (2), inserted “or faces imminent default, as defined by the Secretary” after “default” and “support for borrower housing counseling, partial claims, borrower incentives, preforeclosure sale,” after “loan modification,”.

**2004**—Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 108–447, §221(1)(A), substituted “following categories of assets of the Secretary, unless the Secretary determines at any time that the asset property is economically or otherwise infeasible to rehabilitate or that the best use of the asset property is as open space (including park land)” for “following assets of the Secretary” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (h)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 108–447, §221(1)(B), inserted “except for mortgages insured under or made pursuant to sections 1715z, 1715z–12, or 1715z–20 of this title” after “chapter”.

Subsec. (h)(2)(C). Pub. L. 108–447, §221(1)(C), struck out heading and text of subpar. (C). Text read as follows: “Any contingent future interest of the Secretary in an asset described in subparagraph (A) or (B).”

Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 108–447, §221(2), inserted “, States, and Indian tribes” after “government” in second sentence.

Subsec. (h)(4)(A)(i). Pub. L. 108–447, §221(3)(A), inserted “, State, or Indian tribe” after “government”.

Subsec. (h)(4)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 108–447, §221(3)(B), amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: “purchases all interests of the Secretary in all assets of the Secretary that, at any time during the period which shall be set forth in the sale agreement required under paragraph (7)—

“(I) are or become eligible assets; and

“(II) are located in the asset control area of the purchaser; and”.

Subsec. (h)(4)(C). Pub. L. 108–447, §221(3)(C), substituted “purchase of the category or categories of eligible assets set forth in the sale agreement under” for “purchase of eligible assets under”.

Subsec. (h)(6)(C). Pub. L. 108–447, §221(4)(A), amended heading and text of subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (C) set out discount classes, including standard, deep, and minimal discounts.

Subsec. (h)(6)(D). Pub. L. 108–447, §221(4)(B), struck out heading and text of subpar. (D). Text read as follows: “The Secretary shall, in the sole discretion of the Secretary, establish a method for determining which discount under clause (i) or (ii) subparagraph (C) shall be provided for an eligible asset that is described in such clause (i) and sold to a preferred purchaser. The method may result in the assignment of discounts on any basis consistent with subparagraph (C) that the Secretary considers appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection.”

Subsec. (h)(7)(A). Pub. L. 108–447, §221(5), substituted “category or categories of eligible assets to be purchased and, based on the purchaser's capacity to manage and dispose of assets, the maximum number of assets owned by the Secretary at the time the sale agreement is executed that shall be sold to the purchaser” for “eligible assets to be purchased and the interests sold”.

Subsec. (h)(8)(F). Pub. L. 108–447, §221(6)(A), inserted “, and any agency or instrumentality thereof that is established pursuant to legislation and designated by the chief executive officer to act on behalf of the jurisdiction with regard to the provisions of this subsection” after “State”.

Subsec. (h)(8)(G), (H). Pub. L. 108–447, §221(6)(B), added subpars. (G) and (H).

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–276, §601(a), inserted heading and amended text generally, substituting present provisions for provisions which authorized mortgagee of foreclosed property to receive insurance benefit upon conveyance to Secretary of title and assignment of claims, or upon foreclosure sale or approved sale after default where at least fair market value was received, set maintenance of property as condition of receipt of benefit, provided that obligation to pay premium would cease upon conveyance and assignment and debentures would issue having par value equal to value of mortgage, and set forth provisions detailing amounts to be included in debentures or cash payment and provisions authorizing extension or modification of mortgage where default was due to circumstances beyond control of mortgagor.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–276, §601(d), inserted at end “The Secretary may sell real and personal property acquired by the Secretary pursuant to the provisions of this chapter on such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe.”

Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 105–276, §602, added subsec. (h) and redesignated former subsec. (h) as (i).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 105–276, §601(c), struck out subsec. (k) which read as follows: “Notwithstanding any other provision of this section or of section 1739 or 1750c of this title and with respect to any debentures issued in exchange for properties conveyed to and accepted by the Secretary after September 23, 1959 in accordance with such sections, the Secretary may (1) include in debentures reasonable payments made by the mortgagee with the approval of the Secretary for the purpose of protecting, operating, or preserving the property, and taxes imposed upon any deed or any other instrument by which the property was acquired by the mortgagee and transferred or conveyed to the Secretary; (2) include in debentures as a portion of foreclosure costs (to the extent that foreclosure costs may be included in such debentures by any other provision of this chapter) payments made by the mortgagee for the cost of acquiring the property and conveying and evidencing title to the property to the Secretary; and (3) terminate the mortgagee's obligation to pay mortgage insurance premiums upon receipt of an application for debentures filed by the mortgagee, or in the event the contract of insurance is terminated pursuant to section 1715t of this title.”

**1996**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–134, in penultimate proviso of last sentence, substituted “special forebearance” for “special foreclosure”.

Pub. L. 104–99 inserted “: *And provided further*, That the Secretary may pay insurance benefits to the mortgagee to recompense the mortgagee for its actions to provide an alternative to the foreclosure of a mortgage that is in default, which actions may include special foreclosure, loan modification, and deeds in lieu of foreclosure, all upon terms and conditions as the mortgagee shall determine in the mortgagee's sole discretion, within guidelines provided by the Secretary, but which may not include assignment of a mortgage to the Secretary: *And provided further*, That for purposes of the preceding proviso, no action authorized by the Secretary and no action taken, nor any failure to act, by the Secretary or the mortgagee shall be subject to judicial review.” before period at end of last sentence.

**1992**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–550, §516(a)(1), in fifth sentence, substituted “issue to the mortgagee debentures having a par value” for “, subject to the cash adjustment hereinafter provided, issue to the mortgagee debentures having a total face value”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–550, §516(a)(2), added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows: “Debentures issued under this section shall be in such form and denominations in multiples of $50, shall be subject to such terms and conditions, and shall include such provisions for redemption, if any, as may be prescribed by the Secretary with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, and may be in coupon or registered form. Any difference between the value of the mortgage determined as herein provided and the aggregate face value of the debentures issued, not to exceed $350, shall be adjusted by the payment of cash by the Secretary to the mortgagee from the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund.”

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–550, §516(a)(3), (4), in first sentence, substituted “issued in the name of” for “executed in the name of” and “and shall be negotiable, and, if in book entry form, transferable, in the manner described by the Secretary in regulations” for “, shall be signed by the Secretary by either his written or engraved signature, and shall be negotiable” and in fifth sentence, substituted “and, in the case of debentures issued in certificated registered form, such guaranty” for “and such guaranty”.

**1989**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–235, §136(a), inserted after third sentence “As a condition of the receipt of such benefits, the mortgagee shall maintain or assure the maintenance of the mortgaged property (in such manner as the Secretary shall by regulation provide) during the period beginning on the taking of the possession or other acquisition of the mortgaged property by the mortgagee and ending on conveyance to the Secretary or other disposition of the mortgaged property in accordance with this section, and funds expended by the mortgagee in meeting such obligation shall be included, to the extent provided in this subsection or in subsection (k) of this section, in debentures or other insurance payment pursuant to this section.”

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–235, §136(b), inserted after first sentence “The Secretary shall, by regulation, carry out a program of sales of such properties and shall develop and implement appropriate credit terms and standards to be used in carrying out the program.”

**1988**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–628, §1064(a)(1), (2), in second sentence, substituted “(1)(A) upon sale” for “(1) upon sale”, inserted cl. (B), and substituted “; and (2)” for “, and (2)”.

Pub. L. 100–628, §1064(b)(1), in third sentence, substituted “November 30, 1983 (on or after November 7, 1988, with respect to the payment of benefits under clause (1)(B) of the preceding sentence),” for “the effective date of this sentence”.

Pub. L. 100–628, §1064(b)(2)(A), in fifth sentence, struck out “foreclosure” before “sale of the property: *Provided”.*

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 100–628, §1064(b)(2)(B), inserted “clause (1)(A) of” before “the second sentence”.

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 100–242 added subsec. (*l*).

**1983**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–181, §426(a), inserted provision authorizing the Secretary to make the benefit of the insurance available to the mortgagee upon sale of the insured property at foreclosure and assignment of all claims to the Secretary and provision relating to payment of benefits pursuant to a commitment to insure issued on or after the effective date of this sentence [Nov. 30, 1983], and substituted “any amount received as rent or other income from the property, less reasonable expenses incurred in handling the property, after either of such dates, and, in the case of insurance benefits paid in accordance with the second sentence of this section, any amount received upon the foreclosure sale of the property” for “and any amount received as rent or other income from the property, less reasonable expenses incurred in handling the property, after either of such dates”.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 98–181, §426(b), inserted “(other than a mortgagee receiving insurance benefits under the second sentence of subsection (a) of this section)” after “section 1709 of this title”.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(2), substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” for “Federal Housing Commissioner” in subsec. (g).

Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a) to (d), (e)(1), (f)(1), (f)(1)(i), (ii), (f)(2), (3), (g), (h), (j), and (k).

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(4), substituted “Secretary's” for “Commissioner's” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(d), substituted “an officer” for “the Commissioner or by any Assistant Commissioner”.

**1965**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(d)(1), struck out reference to section 1715a of this title after reference to section 1709 of this title in first sentence.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(d)(2), substituted “Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund” for “Fund as to mortgages insured under section 1709 of this title and from the Housing Fund as to mortgages insured under section 1715a of this title”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(d)(3)–(6), removed all references to debentures issued with respect to mortgages insured under section 1715a of this title and to the Housing Insurance Fund and substituted Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund for Fund wherever appearing.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(d)(7), struck out provision of subpar. (1)(i) calling for retention of excess by Commissioner and credit to the Housing Insurance Fund in the case of mortgages insured under section 1713 of this title.

**1964**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 88–560, §§104(a), 105(a)(1)–(3), (6)(B), amended provisions as follows; section 104(a), in proviso reading “*And provided further*, That with respect to any mortgage covering a one-, two-, three-, or four-family residence”, struck out “and it is probable that the mortgage will be restored to good standing within a reasonable period of time” after “control of the mortgagor”, substituted “upon such terms and conditions” for “under such regulations and conditions”, incorporated authority of Commissioner to “extend the time for curing default and enter into an agreement with the mortgage providing that if the mortgage is subsequently foreclosed, any interest accruing after the date of the agreement which is not paid by the mortgagor may be included in the debentures” in cl. (1), and provided for remainder of cl. (1), cl. (2) and consideration of the principal amount of the mortgage, as modified, as the “original principal obligation of the mortgage” for purpose of computing total face value of debentures to be issued or cash payment to be made by Commissioner to a mortgagee; section 105(a)(1) substituted in third sentence “charges for the administration, operation, maintenance and repair of community-owned property or the maintenance and repair of the mortgaged property, the obligation for which arises out of a covenant filed for record and approved by the Commissioner prior to the insurance of the mortgage, insurance on the mortgaged property, and any mortgage insurance premiums” for “insurance on the mortgaged property, and any mortgage insurance premiums paid after either of such dates”; section 105(a)(2) inserted provisos reading “*And provided further*, That with respect to a mortgage accepted for insurance pursuant to a commitment issued on or after September 2, 1964, the Commissioner may include in debentures or in the cash payment on amount not to exceed the foreclosure, acquisition, and conveyance costs actually paid by the mortgagee and approved by the Commissioner” and “*And provided further*, That with respect to a mortgage accepted for insurance pursuant to a commitment issued prior to September 2, 1964, the Commissioner may, with the consent of the mortgagee (in lieu of issuing a certificate of claim as provided in subsection (e)), included in debentures or in the cash payment, in addition to amounts otherwise allowed for such costs, an amount not to exceed one-third of the total foreclosure, acquisition, and conveyance costs actually paid by the mortgagee and approved by the Commissioner, but in no event may the total allowance for such costs exceed the amount actually paid by the mortgagee:”; section 105(a)(3) struck out from proviso reading “*And provided further*, That with respect to mortgages to which the provisions of sections 532 and 536 of Appendix To Title 50 apply” the words “and the payment of insurance premiums” after “on account of interest on debentures” and inserted after such proviso “*And provided further*, That where the claim is paid in cash there shall be included in the cash payment an amount equivalent to the compensation for loss of debenture interest that would be included in computing debentures if such claim were being paid in debentures”; and section 105(a)(6)(B) substituted “and (subject to subsection (e)(2) of this section) a certificate of claim” for “and a certificate of claim” in second sentence.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 88–560, §105(a)(4), increased limitation on the difference between the value of the mortgage and the aggregate face value of the debentures issued from $50 to $350.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 88–560, §105(a)(5), substituted “: *Provided*, That debentures issued pursuant to claims for insurance filed on or after September 2, 1964 shall be dated as of the date of default or as of such later date as the Commissioner, in his discretion, may establish by regulation. The debentures” for “, except that debentures issued pursuant to the provisions of section 1715k(f), 1715*l*(g), and 1715x of this title may be dated as of the date the mortgage is assigned (or the property is conveyed) to the Commissioner, and” in second sentence.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 88–560, §105(a)(6)(A), designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted “Subject to paragraph (2), the certificate” for “The certificate”, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 88–560, §105(a)(7)–(11), designated introductory par. as par. (1) and substituted “If, after deducting (in such manner and amount as the Commissioner shall determine to be equitable and in accordance with sound accounting practice) the expenses incurred by the Commissioner, the net amount realized from any property conveyed to the Commissioner under this section and the claims assigned therewith exceed the face value” for “If the net amount realized from any property conveyed to the Commissioner under this section and the claims assigned therewith, after deducting all expenses incurred by the Commissioner in handling, dealing with, and disposing of such property and in collecting such claims, exceeds the face value”; redesignated former par. (1) as (i) and inserted proviso; redesignated former par. (2) as (ii); designated concluding par. as par. (2) and inserted proviso; and added par. (3), respectively.

**1961**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 87–70, §612(b), permitted debentures issued pursuant to provisions of section 1715k(f), 1715*l*(g), and 1715x of this title to be dated as of the date the mortgage is assigned (or the property is conveyed) to the Commissioner.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 87–70, §612(c), included instruments relating to personal property, and inserted proviso requiring that a conveyance or transfer of title to real or personal property or an interest therein to the Federal Housing Commissioner, his successors and assigns, without identifying the Commissioner therein, shall be deemed a proper conveyance or transfer.

**1959**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–372, §114(b), authorized the Commissioner, with respect to any mortgage covering a one-, two-, three-, or four-family residence insured under this chapter, if he finds after notice of default, that the default was due to circumstances beyond the control of the mortgagor and it is probable that the mortgage will be restored to good standing within a reasonable period of time, to extend the time for curing default and to enter into an agreement with the mortgagee providing that if the mortgage is subsequently foreclosed, any interest accruing after the date of the agreement which is not paid by the mortgagor may be included in the debentures.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 86–372, §117, substituted “and with respect to any debentures issued in exchange for properties conveyed to and accepted by the Commissioner after September 23, 1959 in accordance with such section” for “with respect to any debentures issued pursuant to this section or section 1739 or 1750c of this title”, and inserted provisions authorizing inclusion as a portion of the foreclosure costs payments made by the mortgagee for the cost of acquiring the property and conveying the evidencing title to the property to the Commissioner, and permitting the termination of the mortgagee's obligation to pay mortgage insurance premiums in the event the contract of insurance is terminated pursuant to section 1715t of this title.

**1957**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 85–104, §108(a), substituted “established by the Commissioner pursuant to section 1715*o* of this title” for “determined by the Commissioner, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, at the time the mortgage was offered for insurance, but not to exceed 3 per centum per annum” in second sentence.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 85–104, §107, added subsec. (k).

**1955**—Subsec. (f). Act Aug. 11, 1955, authorized the Commissioner to effect the settlement of certificates of claim and refunds to mortgagors.

**1954**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §111(*l*), permitted a mortgagee to receive in debentures amounts paid by it for Federal taxes imposed on a deed to it and on a deed to the Commissioner; (2) substituted, in second proviso, “or under section 1715e of this title, or with respect to any mortgage accepted for insurance under section 1709 of this title on or after August 2, 1954,” for “or under section 1715e of this title”; and (3) inserted proviso permitting direct conveyances to the Commissioner.

Subsec. (d). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §112(a), substituted provision for a straight 20-year maturity on debentures for former provision that the debentures should mature “three years after the 1st day of July following the maturity date of the mortgage on the property in exchange for which the debentures were issued, except that debentures issued with respect to mortgages insured under section 1715e of this title shall mature twenty years after the date of such debentures” in second sentence.

Subsec. (j). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §113, added subsec. (j).

**1951**—Subsec. (d). Sept. 1, 1951, inserted in second sentence the provision that debentures issued with respect to mortgages insured under section 1715e of this title shall mature twenty years after the date of such debentures.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, §122, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (a). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §105, inserted “or under section 1715e of this title” in second proviso.

**1948**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 10, 1948, §101(*l*)(1), (2), struck out “prior to July 1, 1944” in first proviso and inserted second proviso.

Subsec. (f). Act Aug. 10, 1948, §101(q), inserted “if the mortgage was insured under section 1709 of this title and shall be retained by the Administrator and credited to the Housing Insurance Fund if the mortgage was insured under section 1713 of this title” before the colon in par. (1).

**1943**—Subsec. (a). Act Oct. 14, 1943, inserted proviso.

**1941**—Subsec. (a). Act June 28, 1941, substituted “July 1, 1944” for “July 1, 1941” in last sentence.

**1939**—Subsec. (a). Act June 3, 1939, §9, amended last sentence generally.

Subsec. (g). Act June 3, 1939, §10, inserted last sentence.

**1938**—Subsecs. (a) to (f). Act Feb. 3, 1938, amended provisions generally.

Subsecs. (g), (h). Act Feb. 3, 1938, added subsecs. (g) and (h).

**1937**—Subsec. (b). Act Joint Res. Feb. 19, 1937, substituted “July 1, 1939” for “July 1, 1937”.

**1935**—Subsec. (a). Act May 28, 1935, amended last sentence generally.

Pub. L. 105–276, title VI, §601(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2673, provided that: “The Secretary shall publish a notice in the Federal Register stating the effective date of the terms and conditions prescribed by the Secretary under section 204(a)(1) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1710(a)(1)], as amended by subsection (a) of this section. Subsections (a) and (k) of section 204 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1710(a), (k)], as in effect immediately before such effective date, shall continue to apply to any mortgage insured under section 203 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1709] before such effective date, except that the Secretary may, at the request of the mortgagee, pay insurance benefits as provided in subparagraphs (A) and (D) of section 204(a)(1) of such Act [12 U.S.C. 1710(a)(1)(A), (D)] to calculate insurance benefits in accordance with section 204(a)(5) of such Act [12 U.S.C. 1710(a)(5)].”

Section 407(c) of Pub. L. 104–99, as amended by Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(e) [title II, §221(d)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–257, 1321–291; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 104–204, title II, §203, Sept. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 2894; Pub. L. 105–33, title II, §2002(1), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 257, provided that: “Except as provided in subsection (e) [110 Stat. 46, repealed by Pub. L. 105–33, §2002(2)], the amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section and section 1715u of this title] shall apply with respect to mortgages insured under the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] that are executed before, on, or after October 1, 1997.”

Section 112(e) of act Aug. 2, 1954, provided that: “This section [amending this section and sections 1713, 1748b, and 1750c of this title] shall not apply in any case where the mortgage involved was insured or the commitment for such insurance was issued prior to the effective date of the Housing Act of 1954 [Aug. 2, 1954].”

Section 101(e) [title II, §221(c)(1)] of Pub. L. 104–134 provided that: “Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 26, 1996], the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall issue interim regulations to implement section 407 of the Balanced Budget Downpayment Act, I [Pub. L. 104–99, amending this section and section 1715u of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note above], and the amendments to the National Housing Act made by that section.”

Section 407(d) of Pub. L. 104–99, which directed the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to issue interim regulations to implement section 407 of Pub. L. 104–99 and amendments made by that section (amending this section and section 1715u of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note above) not later than 60 days after Jan. 26, 1996, was repealed by Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(e) [title II, §221(c)(2)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–257, 1321–291; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.

Section 1064(c) of Pub. L. 100–628 provided that: “In developing regulations to carry out the amendments made by this section [amending this section], the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may delegate to mortgagees the authority to make determinations on behalf of the Secretary, and the Secretary shall rely on certifications and post audit reviews to the greatest extent possible.”

Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2125, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2840, provided that: “The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and the Commissioner of the Federal Housing Administration, in consultation with industry, the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation, and other entities involved in foreclosure prevention activities, shall—

“(1) develop and implement a plan to improve the Federal Housing Administration's loss mitigation process; and

“(2) report such plan to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives.”

Pub. L. 107–206, title I, §1303, Aug. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 897, provided that: “The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall begin to enter into new agreements and contracts pursuant to the Asset Control Area Demonstration Program as provided in section 602 of Public Law 105–276 [amending this section] not later than September 15, 2002: *Provided*, That any agreement or contract entered into pursuant to such program shall be consistent with the requirements of such section 602: *Provided further*, That the Department shall develop proposed regulations for this program not later than September 15, 2002.”

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [title I, §142], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–618, provided that: “In carrying out the program under section 204(h) of the National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1710(h)), upon the request of the chief executive officer of a county or the government of appropriate jurisdiction and not later than 60 days after such request is made, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall designate as a revitalization area all portions of such county that meet the criteria for such designation under paragraph (3) of such section.”

Pub. L. 91–351, title VII, §701, July 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 461, provided that:

“(a) With respect to housing built, rehabilitated, or sold with assistance provided under the National Housing Act [this chapter] or under chapter 37 of title 38, United States Code, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and the Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs are respectively authorized and directed to prescribe standards governing the amounts of settlement costs allowable in connection with the financing of such housing in any such area. Such standards shall—

“(1) be established after consultation between the Secretary and the Administrator;

“(2) be consistent in any area for housing assisted under the National Housing Act and housing assisted under chapter 37 of title 38, United States Code; and

“(3) be based on the Secretary's and the Administrator's estimates of the reasonable charge for necessary services involved in settlements for particular classes of mortgages and loans.

“(b) The Secretary and the Administrator shall undertake a joint study and make recommendations to the Congress not later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act [July 24, 1970] with respect to legislative and administrative actions which should be taken to reduce mortgage settlement costs and to standardize these costs for all geographic areas.”

2 So in original. Probably should be “mortgagee”.

3 So in original. There probably should be a period.

4 So in original. Probably should be “subsection.”

5 So in original. Probably should be section “1715z–13(i)(1)”.

6 So in original. Probably should be capitalized.

The Secretary shall establish as of July 1, 1954, in the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund a General Surplus Account and a Participating Reserve Account. All of the assets of the General Reinsurance Account shall be transferred to the General Surplus Account whereupon the General Reinsurance Account shall be abolished. There shall be transferred from the various group accounts to the Participating Reserve Account as of July 1, 1954, an amount equal to the aggregate amount which would have been distributed under the provisions of this section in effect on June 30, 1954, if all outstanding mortgages in such group accounts had been paid in full on said date. All of the remaining balances of said group accounts shall as of said date be transferred to the General Surplus Account whereupon all of said group accounts shall be abolished.

The aggregate net income thereafter received or any net loss thereafter sustained by the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund in any semiannual period shall be credited or charged to the General Surplus Account and/or the Participating Reserve Account in such manner and amounts as the Secretary may determine to be in accord with sound actuarial and accounting practice.

Upon termination of the insurance obligation of the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund by payment of any mortgage insured thereunder, the Secretary is authorized to distribute to the mortgagor a share of the Participating Reserve Account in such manner and amount as the Secretary shall determine to be equitable and in accordance with sound actuarial and accounting practice: *Provided*, That, in no event, shall any such distributable share exceed the aggregate scheduled annual premiums of the mortgagor to the year of termination of the insurance. The Secretary shall not distribute any share to an eligible mortgagor under this subsection beginning on the date which is 6 years after the date the Secretary first transmitted written notification of eligibility to the last known address of the mortgagor, unless the mortgagor has applied in accordance with procedures prescribed by the Secretary for payment of the share within the 6-year period. The Secretary shall transfer any amounts no longer eligible for distribution under the previous sentence from the Participating Reserve Account to the General Surplus Account.

No mortgagor or mortgagee of any mortgage insured under section 1709 of this title shall have any vested right in a credit balance in any such account or be subject to any liability arising out of the mutuality of the Fund and the determination of the Secretary as to the amount to be paid by him to any mortgagor shall be final and conclusive.

In determining whether there is a surplus for distribution to mortgagors under this section, the Secretary shall take into account the actuarial status of the entire Fund.

(1) The Secretary shall ensure that the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund attains a capital ratio of not less than 1.25 percent within 24 months after November 5, 1990, and maintains such ratio thereafter, subject to paragraph (2).

(2) The Secretary shall endeavor to ensure that the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund attains a capital ratio of not less than 2.0 percent within 10 years after November 5, 1990, and shall ensure that the Fund maintains at least such capital ratio at all times thereafter.

(3) Upon the expiration of the 24-month period beginning on November 5, 1990, the Secretary shall submit to the Congress a report describing the actions the Secretary will take to ensure that the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund attains the capital ratio required under paragraph (2).

(4) For purposes of this subsection:

(A) The term “capital” means the economic net worth of the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund, as determined by the Secretary under the annual audit required under section 1735f–16 of this title.

(B) The term “capital ratio” means the ratio of capital to unamortized insurance-in-force.

(C) The term “economic net worth” means the current cash available to the Fund, plus the net present value of all future cash inflows and outflows expected to result from the outstanding mortgages in the Fund.

(D) The term “unamortized insurance-in-force” means the remaining obligation on outstanding mortgages which are obligations of the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund, as estimated by the Secretary.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §205, 48 Stat. 1250; May 28, 1935, ch. 150, §29(b), 49 Stat. 300; Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §3, 52 Stat. 15; June 3, 1939, ch. 175, §11, 53 Stat. 807; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §4, 67 Stat. 122; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §114, 68 Stat. 594; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 101–508, title II, §§2104, 2105, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–19; Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §508(a), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3782; Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2118(c)(1), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835.)

**2008**—Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 110–289 struck out subsecs. (g) and (h) which related to annual independent audit of Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund and adjustment of premiums, respectively.

**1992**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–550 inserted at end “The Secretary shall not distribute any share to an eligible mortgagor under this subsection beginning on the date which is 6 years after the date the Secretary first transmitted written notification of eligibility to the last known address of the mortgagor, unless the mortgagor has applied in accordance with procedures prescribed by the Secretary for payment of the share within the 6-year period. The Secretary shall transfer any amounts no longer eligible for distribution under the previous sentence from the Participating Reserve Account to the General Surplus Account.”

**1990**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–508, §2104, added subsec. (e).

Subsecs. (f) to (h). Pub. L. 101–508, §2105, added subsecs. (f) to (h).

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a) to (d) of this section.

**1954**—Act Aug. 2, 1954, amended section generally to eliminate the former group accounts and substitute therefor a general surplus account and participating reserve account.

**1953**—Subsec. (c). Act June 30, 1953, inserted sentence relating to semi-annual transfer of group accounts, and, in remainder of section, changed the provisions relating to settlement of accounts.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

**1939**—Subsec. (b). Act June 3, 1939, inserted “prior to July 1, 1939”.

**1938**—Subsecs. (a) to (f). Act Feb. 3, 1938, amended provisions generally, and among other changes, struck out subsec. (f).

**1935**—Subsec. (f). Act May 28, 1935, substituted “annual premium charge” for “premium charge” in first sentence.

Section 508(b) of Pub. L. 102–550 provided that: “Notwithstanding the 6-year limitation on distribution of shares of the Participating Reserve Account under section 205(c) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1711(c)], the Secretary shall distribute a share to an otherwise eligible mortgagor in accordance with section 205(c), if the mortgagor applies for payment of the share within 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 1992] in accordance with procedures in effect on such date.”

Moneys in the Fund not needed for the current operations of the Department of Housing and Urban Development related to insurance under section 1709 of this title shall be deposited with the Treasurer of the United States to the credit of the Fund, or invested in bonds or other obligations of, or in bonds or other obligations guaranteed as to principal and interest by, the United States or any agency of the United States: *Provided*, That such moneys shall to the maximum extent feasible be invested in such bonds or other obligations the proceeds of which will be used to directly support the residential mortgage market. The Secretary may, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, purchase in the open market debentures issued under the provisions of section 1710 of this title. Such purchases shall be made at a price which will provide an investment yield of not less than the yield obtainable from other investments authorized by this section. Debentures so purchased shall be canceled and not reissued, and the several group accounts to which such debentures have been charged shall be charged with the amounts used in making such purchases.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §206, 48 Stat. 1252; Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §3, 52 Stat. 16; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(1), (3), (e), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17, 18; Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §117(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1774.)

**1970**—Pub. L. 91–609 provided for guarantee as to principal and interest by any agency of the United States and for investment of monies in bonds or other obligations the proceeds of which will be used to directly support the residential mortgage market.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Department of Housing and Urban Development” and “Secretary” for “Federal Housing Administration” and “Commissioner”, respectively, and inserted “related to insurance under section 1709 of this title” before “shall be deposited”.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator”.

**1938**—Act Feb. 3, 1938, among other changes, inserted “or in bonds or other obligations guaranteed as to principal and interest by” in first sentence, and inserted third sentence.

The dollar amounts set forth in—

(1) section 1713(c)(3)(A) of this title;

(2) section 1715e(b)(2)(A) of this title;

(3) section 1715k(d)(3)(B)(iii)(I) of this title;

(4) section 1715*l*(d)(3)(ii)(I) of this title;

(5) section 1715*l*(d)(4)(ii)(I) of this title;

(6) section 1715v(c)(2)(A) of this title; and

(7) section 1715y(e)(3)(A) of this title;

(collectively hereinafter referred to as the “Dollar Amounts”) shall be adjusted annually (commencing in 2004) on the effective date of the Federal Reserve Board's adjustment of the $400 figure in the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act of 1994 (HOEPA). The adjustment of the Dollar Amounts shall be calculated using the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI–U) as applied by the Federal Reserve Board for purposes of the above-described HOEPA adjustment.

The Federal Reserve Board on a timely basis shall notify the Secretary, or his designee, in writing of the adjustment described in subsection (a) of this section and of the effective date of such adjustment in order to permit the Secretary to undertake publication in the Federal Register of corresponding adjustments to the Dollar Amounts. The dollar amount of any adjustment shall be rounded to the next lower dollar.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §206A, as added Pub. L. 107–326, §5(a), Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2794.)

The Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act of 1994, referred to in subsec. (a), is subtitle B (§§151–158) of title I of Pub. L. 103–325, Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2190, which enacted sections 1639 and 1648 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, amended sections 1602, 1604, 1610, 1640, 1641, and 1647 of Title 15, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1601 and 1602 of Title 15. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1994 Amendment note set out under section 1601 of Title 15 and Tables.

As used in this section—

(1) The term “mortgage” means a first mortgage on real estate in fee simple, or on the interest of either the lessor or lessee thereof (A) under a lease for not less than ninety-nine years which is renewable or (B) under a lease having a period of not less than fifty years to run from the date the mortgage was executed, upon which there is located or upon which there is to be constructed a building or buildings designed principally for residential use, or upon which there is located or to be constructed facilities for manufactured homes, and the term “first mortgage” means such classes of first liens as are commonly given to secure advances (including but not being limited to advances during construction) on, or the unpaid purchase price of, real estate under the laws of the State, in which the real estate is located, together with the credit instrument or instruments, if any, secured thereby, and may be in the form of trust mortgages or mortgage indentures or deeds of trust securing notes, bonds, or other credit instruments.

(2) The term “mortgagee” means the original lender under a mortgage, and its successors and assigns, and includes the holders of credit instruments issued under a trust mortgage or deed of trust pursuant to which such holders act by and through a trustee therein named.

(3) The term “mortgagor” means the original borrower under a mortgage and its successors and assigns.

(4) The term “maturity date” means the date on which the mortgage indebtedness would be extinguished if paid in accordance with the periodic payments provided for in the mortgage.

(5) The term “slum or blighted area” means any area where dwellings predominate which, by reason of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangement or design, lack of ventilation, light or sanitation facilities, or any combination of these factors, are detrimental to safety, health, or morals.

(6) The term “rental housing” means housing, the occupancy of which is permitted by the owner thereof in consideration of the payment of agreed charges, whether or not, by the terms of the agreement, such payment over a period of time will entitle the occupant to the ownership of the premises or space in a manufactured home court or park properly arranged and equipped to accommodate manufactured homes.

(7) The term “State” includes the several States, and Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands.

In addition to mortgages insured under section 1709 of this title, the Secretary is authorized to insure mortgages as defined in this section (including advances on such mortgages during construction) which cover property held by—

(1) Federal or State instrumentalities, municipal corporate instrumentalities of one or more States, or limited dividend or redevelopment or housing corporations restricted by Federal or State laws or regulations of State banking or insurance departments as to rents, charges, capital structure, rate of return, or methods of operation; or

(2) any other mortgagor approved by the Secretary. The Secretary may, in the Secretary's discretion, require any such mortgagor to be regulated or restricted as to rents or sales, charges, capital structure, rate of return, and methods of operation so as to provide reasonable rentals to tenants and a reasonable return on the investment. Any such regulations or restrictions shall continue for such period or periods as the Secretary, in the Secretary's discretion, may require, including until the termination of all obligations of the Secretary under the insurance and during such further period of time as the Secretary shall be the owner, holder, or reinsurer of the mortgage. The Secretary may make such contracts with and acquire, for not to exceed $100, such stock or interest in the mortgagor as he may deem necessary to render effective any such regulations or restrictions. The stock or interest acquired by the Secretary shall be paid for out of the General Insurance Fund, and shall be redeemed by the mortgagor at par upon the termination of all obligations of the Secretary under the insurance.

The insurance of mortgages under this section is intended to facilitate particularly the production of rental accommodations, at reasonable rents, of design and size suitable for family living. The Secretary is, therefore, authorized in the administration of this section to take action, by regulation or otherwise, which will direct the benefits of mortgage insurance hereunder primarily to those projects which make adequate provision for families with children, and in which every effort has been made to achieve moderate rental charges.

Notwithstanding any other provisions of this section, the Secretary may not insure any mortgage under this section (except a mortgage with respect to a manufactured home park designed exclusively for occupancy by elderly persons) unless the mortgagor certifies under oath that in selecting tenants for the property covered by the mortgage he will not discriminate against any family by reason of the fact that there are children in the family, and that he will not sell the property while the insurance is in effect unless the purchaser so certifies, such certification to be filed with the Secretary. Violation of any such certification shall be a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not to exceed $500.

To be eligible for insurance under this section a mortgage on any property or project shall involve a principal obligation in an amount—

(1) Repealed. Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §304(a)(1), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 677.

(2) Not to exceed 90 per centum of the estimated value of the property or project (when the proposed improvements are completed): *Provided*, That this limitation shall not apply to mortgages on housing in Alaska or in Guam, but such a mortgage may involve a principal obligation in an amount not to exceed 90 per centum of the amount which the Secretary estimates will be the replacement cost of the property or project when the proposed improvements are completed (the value of the property or project as such term is used in this paragraph may include the land, the proposed physical improvements, utilities within the boundaries of the property or project, architect's fees, taxes, and interest accruing during construction, and other miscellaneous charges incident to construction and approved by the Secretary): *And provided further*, That nothing contained in this section shall preclude the insurance of mortgages covering existing construction located in slum or blighted areas, as defined in paragraph (5) of subsection (a) of this section, and the Secretary may require such repair or rehabilitation work to be completed as is, in his discretion, necessary to remove conditions detrimental to safety, health, or morals; and

(3)(A) Not to exceed, for such part of the property or project as may be attributable to dwelling use (excluding exterior land improvements as defined by the Secretary), $38,025 per family unit without a bedroom, $42,120 per family unit with one bedroom, $50,310 per family unit with two bedrooms, $62,010 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $70,200 per family unit with four or more bedrooms, or not to exceed $17,460 per space; except that as to projects to consist of elevator type structures the Secretary may in his discretion, increase the dollar amount limitations per family unit to not to exceed $43,875 per family unit without a bedroom, $49,140 per family unit with one bedroom, $60,255 per family unit with two bedrooms, $75,465 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $85,328 per family unit with four or more bedrooms, as the case may be, to compensate for the higher costs incident to the construction of elevator-type structures of sound standards of construction and design;

(B) the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the dollar amount limitations in subparagraph (A) (as such limitations may have been adjusted in accordance with section 1712a of this title) by not to exceed 170 percent in any geographical area where the Secretary finds that cost levels so require and by not to exceed 170 percent, or 215 percent in high cost areas, where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project-by-project basis, but in no case may any such increase exceed 90 percent where the Secretary determines that a mortgage purchased or to be purchased by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions under section 1720 1 of this title (as such section existed immediately before November 30, 1983) is involved. Notwithstanding any other provision of this paragraph, the amount which may be insured under this section may be increased by up to 20 percent if such increase is necessary to account for the increased cost of the project due to the installation therein of a solar energy system (as defined in subparagraph (3) of the last paragraph of section 1703(a) of this title) or residential energy conservation measures (as defined in section 8211(11)(A) through (G) and (I) of title 42) 1 in cases where the Secretary determines that such measures are in addition to those required under the minimum property standards and will be cost-effective over the life of the measure.

The mortgage shall provide for complete amortization by periodic payments (unless otherwise approved by the Secretary) within such term as the Secretary shall prescribe, and shall bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee. The Secretary may consent to the release of a part or parts of the mortgaged property from the lien of the mortgage upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe and the mortgage may provide for such release. No mortgage shall be accepted for insurance under this section or section 1715a 1 of this title unless the Secretary finds that the property or project, with respect to which the mortgage is executed, is economically sound. Such property or project may include five or more family units and may include such commercial and community facilities as the Secretary deems adequate to serve the occupants.

The Secretary shall collect a premium charge for the insurance of mortgages under this section which shall be payable annually in advance by the mortgagee, either in cash or in debentures issued by the Secretary under any subchapter and section of this chapter, except debentures of the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund, or of the Cooperative Management Housing Insurance Fund at par plus accrued interest. In addition to the premium charge herein provided for the Secretary is authorized to charge and collect such amounts as he may deem reasonable for the appraisal of a property or project offered for insurance and for the inspection of such property or project during construction: *Provided*, That such charges for appraisal and inspection shall not aggregate more than 1 per centum of the original principal face amount of the mortgage.

In the event that the principal obligation of any mortgage accepted for insurance under this section is paid in full prior to the maturity date, the Secretary is authorized in his discretion to require the payment by the mortgagee of an adjusted premium charge in such amount as the Secretary determines to be equitable, but not in excess of the aggregate amount of the premium charges that the mortgagee would otherwise have been required to pay if the mortgage had continued to be insured until such maturity date.

The failure of the mortgagor to make any payment due under or provided to be paid by the terms of a mortgage insured under this section shall be considered a default under such mortgage and, if such default continues for a period of thirty days, the mortgagee shall be entitled to receive the benefits of the insurance as hereinafter provided, upon assignment, transfer, and delivery to the Secretary, within a period and in accordance with rules and regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of (1) all rights and interests arising under the mortgage so in default; (2) all claims of the mortgagee against the mortgagor or others, arising out of the mortgage transactions; (3) all policies of title or other insurance or surety bonds or other guaranties and any and all claims thereunder; (4) any balance of the mortgage loans not advanced to the mortgagor; (5) any cash or property held by the mortgagee, or to which it is entitled, as deposits made for the account of the mortgagor and which have not been applied in reduction of the principal of the mortgage indebtedness; and (6) all records, documents, books, papers, and accounts relating to the mortgage transactions. Upon such assignment, transfer, and delivery the obligation of the mortgagee to pay the premium charges for mortgage insurance shall cease, and the Secretary shall issue to the mortgagee a certificate of claim as provided in subsection (h) of this section, and debentures having a par value equal to the original principal face amount of the mortgage plus such amount as the mortgagee may have paid for (A) taxes, special assessments, and water rates, which are liens prior to the mortgage; (B) insurance on the property; and (C) reasonable expenses for the completion and preservation of the property and any mortgage insurance premiums paid after default, less the sum of (i) that part of the amount of the principal obligation that has been repaid by the mortgagor, (ii) an amount equivalent to 1 per centum of the unpaid amount of such principal obligation, and (iii) any net income received by the mortgagee from the property: *Provided*, That the mortgagee in the event of a default under the mortgage may, at its option and in accordance with regulations of, and in a period to be determined by, the Secretary, proceed to foreclose on and obtain possession of or otherwise acquire such property from the mortgagor after default, and receive the benefits of the insurance as herein provided, upon (1) the prompt conveyance to the Secretary of title to the property which meets the requirements of the rules and regulations of the Secretary in force at the time the mortgage was insured and which is evidenced in the manner prescribed by such rules and regulations, and (2) the assignment to him of all claims of the mortgagee against the mortgagor or others, arising out of the mortgage transaction or foreclosure proceedings, except such claims that may have been released with the consent of the Secretary. Upon such conveyance and assignment, the obligation of the mortgagee to pay the premium charges for insurance shall cease and the mortgagee shall be entitled to receive the benefits of the insurance as provided in this subsection, except that in such event the 1 per centum deduction, set out in (ii) hereof, shall not apply. Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, upon receipt, after September 2, 1964, of an application for insurance benefits on a mortgage insured under this chapter, the Secretary may terminate the mortgagee's obligation to pay premium charges on the mortgage.

The certificate of claim issued under this section shall be for an amount which the Secretary determines to be sufficient, when added to the face value of the debentures issued and the cash adjustment paid to the mortgagee, to equal the amount which the mortgagee would have received if, on the date of the assignment, transfer and delivery to the Secretary provided for in subsection (g) of this section, the mortgagor had extinguished the mortgage indebtedness by payment in full of all obligations under the mortgage and a reasonable amount for necessary expenses incurred by the mortgagee in connection with the foreclosure proceedings, or the acquisition of the mortgaged property otherwise, and the conveyance thereof to the Secretary. Each such certificate of claim shall provide that there shall accrue to the holder of such certificate with respect to the face amount of such certificate, an increment at the rate of 3 per centum per annum which shall not be compounded. If the net amount realized from the mortgage, and all claims in connection therewith, so assigned, transferred, and delivered, and from the property covered by such mortgage and all claims in connection with such property, after deducting all expenses incurred by the Secretary in handling, dealing with, acquiring title to, and disposing of such mortgage and property and in collecting such claims, exceeds the face value of the debentures issued and the cash adjustment paid to the mortgagee plus all interest paid on such debentures, such excess shall be divided as follows:

(1) If such excess is greater than the total amount payable under the certificate of claim issued in connection with such property, the Secretary shall pay to the holder of such certificate the full amount so payable, and any excess remaining thereafter shall be retained by the Secretary and credited to the General Insurance Fund; and

(2) If such excess is equal to or less than the total amount payable under such certificate of claim, the Secretary shall pay to the holder of such certificate the full amount of such excess.

Debentures issued under this section shall be executed in the name of the General Insurance Fund as obligor, shall be negotiable, and, if in book entry form, transferable, in the manner described by the Secretary in regulations, and shall be dated as of the date of default as determined in subsection (g) of this section, except that debentures issued pursuant to the provisions of section 1715k(f), section 1715*l*(g), and section 1715x of this title may be dated as of the date the mortgage is assigned (or the property is conveyed) to the Secretary and shall bear interest from such date. They shall bear interest at a rate established by the Secretary pursuant to section 1715*o* of this title payable semiannually on the 1st day of January and the 1st day of July of each year, and shall mature twenty years after the date thereof. Such debentures as are issued in exchange for mortgages insured after February 3, 1938, shall be exempt, both as to principal and interest, from all taxation (except surtaxes, estate, inheritance, and gift taxes) now or hereafter imposed by the United States, by any Territory, dependency, or possession thereof, or by any State, county, municipality, or local taxing authority. They shall be paid out of the General Insurance Fund which shall be primarily liable therefor, and they shall be fully and unconditionally guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States, and, in the case of debentures issued in certificated registered form, such guaranty shall be expressed on the face of the debentures. In the event the General Insurance Fund fails to pay upon demand, when due, the principal of or interest on any debentures so guaranteed, the Secretary of the Treasury shall pay to the holders the amount thereof which is authorized to be appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, and thereupon, to the extent of the amount so paid, the Secretary of the Treasury shall succeed to all the rights of the holders of such debentures.

Debentures issued under this section—

(1) shall be in such form and amounts;

(2) shall be subject to such terms and conditions;

(3) shall include such provisions for redemption, if any, as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury; and

(4) may be in book entry or certificated registered form, or such other form as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may prescribe in regulations.

The Secretary is authorized either to (1) acquire possession of and title to any property, covered by a mortgage insured under this section and assigned to him, by voluntary conveyance in extinguishment of the mortgage indebtedness, or (2) institute proceedings for foreclosure on the property covered by any such insured mortgage and prosecute such proceedings to conclusion. The Secretary at any sale under foreclosure may, in his discretion, for the protection of the General Insurance Fund, bid any sum up to but not in excess of the total unpaid indebtedness secured by the mortgage, plus taxes, insurance, foreclosure costs, fees, and other expenses, and may become the purchaser of the property at such sale. In determining the amount to be bid, the Secretary shall act consistently with the goal established in section 1701z–11(a)(1) of this title. The Secretary is authorized to pay from the General Insurance Fund such sums as may be necessary to defray such taxes, insurance, costs, fees, and other expenses in connection with the acquisition or foreclosure of property under this section. Pending such acquisition by voluntary conveyance or by foreclosure, the Secretary is authorized, with respect to any mortgage assigned to him under the provisions of subsection (g) of this section, to exercise all the rights of a mortgagee under such mortgage, including the right to sell such mortgage, and to take such action and advance such sums as may be necessary to preserve or protect the lien of such mortgage.

Notwithstanding any other provisions of law relating to the acquisition, handling, or disposal of real and other property by the United States, the Secretary shall also have power, for the protection of the interests of the General Insurance Fund, to pay out of the General Insurance Fund all expenses or charges in connection with, and to deal with, complete, reconstruct, rent, renovate, modernize, insure, make contracts for the management of, or establish suitable agencies for the management of, or sell for cash or credit or lease in his discretion, any property acquired by him under this section, and notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall also have power to pursue to final collection by way of compromise or otherwise all claims assigned and transferred to him in connection with the assignment, transfer, and delivery provided for in this section, and at any time, upon default, to foreclose on any property secured by any mortgage assigned and transferred to or held by him: *Provided*, That section 6101 of title 41 shall not be construed to apply to any contract for hazard insurance, or to any purchase or contract for services or supplies on account of such property if the amount thereof does not exceed $1,000.

In the event that a mortgage insured under this section becomes in default through failure of the mortgagor to make any payment due under or provided to be paid by the terms of the mortgage and such mortgage continues in default for a period of thirty days, but the mortgagee does not foreclose on or otherwise acquire the property, or does not assign and transfer such mortgage and the credit instrument secured thereby to the Secretary, in accordance with subsection (g) of this section, and the Secretary is given written notice thereof, or in the event that the mortgagor pays the obligation under the mortgage in full prior to the maturity thereof, and the mortgagee pays any adjusted premium charge required under the provisions of subsection (e) of this section, and the Secretary is given written notice by the mortgagee of the payment of such obligation, the obligation to pay the annual premium charge for insurance shall cease, and all rights of the mortgagee and the mortgagor under this section shall terminate as of the date of such notice.

The Secretary, with the consent of the mortgagee and the mortgagor of a mortgage insured under this section prior to February 3, 1938, shall be empowered to reissue such mortgage insurance in accordance with the provisions of this section as amended by the National Housing Act Amendments of 1938, and any such insurance not so reissued shall not be affected by the enactment of such Act.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the Secretary is authorized to include in any mortgage insured under any subchapter of this chapter after September 23, 1959, a provision requiring the mortgagor to pay a service charge to the Secretary in the event such mortgage is assigned to and held by the Secretary. Such service charge shall not exceed the amount prescribed by the Secretary for mortgage insurance premiums applicable to such mortgage.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §207, 48 Stat. 1252; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title III, §344(d), 49 Stat. 722; Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §3, 52 Stat. 16; June 3, 1939, ch. 175, §12, 53 Stat. 807; Mar. 28, 1941, ch. 31, §4(b), 55 Stat. 62; July 1, 1948, ch. 784, §6, 62 Stat. 1209; Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title I, §101 (m–p, r), 62 Stat. 1273, 1274; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §§106–112, 122, 64 Stat. 52–54, 59; Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title VI, §§604(b), 605, 65 Stat. 314; July 14, 1952, ch. 723, §10(a)(2), 66 Stat. 603; June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §5, 67 Stat. 122; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §§112(b), 115–117, 68 Stat. 593–595; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title I, §102(b), (c), 69 Stat. 635; Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, title I, §§103, 104(b), (c), 70 Stat. 1092; Pub. L. 85–104, title I, §§108(b), 109–111, July 12, 1957, 71 Stat. 297; Pub. L. 86–70, §10(a), (b), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 142; Pub. L. 86–372, title I, §104, Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 655; Pub. L. 86–624, §6, July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 411; Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §607, June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 178; Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §§105(b), 106, 107(a), 108, Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 772, 774, 776; Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §207(a), title XI, §1108(e), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 467, 504; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 90–301, §3(b), May 7, 1968, 82 Stat. 114; Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §§103(a), (b), 113(b), title IV, §403(c)(2), Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 380, 383, 395; Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §§303(a), 304(a), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 676, 677; Pub. L. 94–173, §3, Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 1027; Pub. L. 94–375, §8(a), (b)(1), Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1071; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §311(a), Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2098; Pub. L. 95–619, title II, §248(b), Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3235; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §§313(b), 314, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1117; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §§308(c)(1), 310(a), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1640, 1641; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §§338(b), 339B(a), (c), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 416, 417; Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §101(g), Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1908; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §§404(b)(4), 407(c), 431(a), 435, 446(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1209, 1211, 1220, 1222, 1228; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(a)(3), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2232; Pub. L. 100–242, title I, §182, title IV, §426(a), (h), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1871, 1915, 1916; Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §§509(a), 516(b), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3782, 3790; Pub. L. 103–233, title III, §306, Apr. 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 373; Pub. L. 107–73, title II, §213(a), Nov. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 676; Pub. L. 107–326, §5(b)(1), Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2794; Pub. L. 108–186, title III, §302(b),(c)(1), Dec. 16, 2003, 117 Stat. 2692; Pub. L. 110–161, div. K, title II, §221(1), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2436.)

Section 1715a of this title, referred to in subsec. (c), which related to additional housing insurance, was repealed by act June 3, 1939, ch. 175, §13, 53 Stat. 807.

Section 1720 of this title, referred to in subsec. (c)(3)(B), was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §483(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1240.

Section 8211 of title 42, referred to in subsec. (c)(3)(B), was omitted from the Code pursuant to section 8229 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, which terminated authority under that section on June 30, 1989.

The National Housing Act Amendments of 1938, referred to in subsec. (*o*), is act Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, 42 Stat. 8, as amended, section 3 of which amended this section generally. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1701a of this title and Tables.

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (d), (g) and (r), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

In subsec. (*l*), “section 6101 of title 41” substituted for “section 3709 of the Revised Statutes” on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

References to “mobile homes”, wherever appearing in text, were changed to “manufactured homes” in view of the amendment of the National Housing Act by section 308(c)(1) of Pub. L. 96–399 requiring the substitution of “manufactured home” for “mobile home” wherever appearing in the National Housing Act, and section 339B(c) of Pub. L. 97–35 (set out as a note under section 1703 of this title) providing that the terms “mobile home” and “manufactured home” shall be deemed to include the terms “mobile homes” and “manufactured homes”, respectively.

**2007**—Subsec. (c)(3)(B). Pub. L. 110–161 substituted “170 percent” for “140 percent” after “not to exceed” in two places and “215 percent in high cost areas” for “170 percent in high cost areas”.

**2003**—Subsec. (c)(3)(A). Pub. L. 108–186, §302(c)(1), substituted “$17,460” for “$11,250”.

Subsec. (c)(3)(B). Pub. L. 108–186, §302(b), substituted “140 percent in” for “110 percent in” and inserted “, or 170 percent in high cost areas,” after “and by not to exceed 140 percent”.

**2002**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 107–326, §5(b)(1)(B), which directed substitution of “(B) the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the dollar amount limitations in subparagraph (A) (as such limitations may have been adjusted in accordance with section 1712a of this title)” for “and accept that the Secretary” through “in this paragraph”, was executed by making the substitution for “and except that the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the foregoing dollar amount limitations contained in this paragraph”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 107–326, §5(b)(1)(A), inserted subpar. (A) designation after “(3)”.

**2001**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 107–73 substituted “$38,025”, “$42,120”, “$50,310”, “$62,010”, and “$70,200” for “$30,420”, “$33,696”, “$40,248”, “$49,608”, and “$56,160”, respectively, “$11,250” for “$9,000”, and “$43,875”, “$49,140”, “$60,255”, “$75,465”, and “$85,328” for “$35,100”, “$39,312”, “$48,204”, “$60,372”, and “$68,262”, respectively.

**1994**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 103–233 substituted “$56,160” for “$59,160”.

**1992**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 102–550, §509(a), substituted “$30,420”, “$33,696”, “$40,248”, “$49,608”, and “$59,160” for “$25,350”, “$28,080”, “$33,540”, “$41,340”, and “$46,800”, respectively, and “$35,100”, “$39,312”, “$48,204”, “$60,372”, and “$68,262” for “$29,250”, “$32,760”, “$40,170”, “$50,310”, and “$56,885”, respectively.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–550, §516(b)(1), in second sentence, substituted “issue to the mortgagee a certificate of claim as provided in subsection (h) of this section, and debentures having a par value” for “, subject to the cash adjustment provided for in subsection (j) of this section, issue to the mortgagee a certificate of claim as provided in subsection (h) of this section, and debentures having a total face value”.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 102–550, §516(b)(2), (3), in first sentence, substituted “shall be negotiable, and, if in book entry form, transferable, in the manner described by the Secretary in regulations” for “shall be signed by the Secretary, by either his written or engraved signature, shall be negotiable”, and in fourth sentence substituted “and, in the case of debentures issued in certificated registered form, such guaranty” for “and such guaranty”.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 102–550, §516(b)(4), added subsec. (j) and struck out former subsec. (j) which read as follows: “Debentures issued under this section shall be in such form and denominations in multiples of $50, shall be subject to such terms and conditions, and shall include such provision for redemption, if any, as may be prescribed by the Secretary with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, and may be in coupon or registered form. Any difference between the amount of debentures to which the mortgagee is entitled under this section, and the aggregate face value of the debentures issued, not to exceed $50, shall be adjusted by the payment of cash by the Secretary to the mortgagee from the General Insurance Fund.”

**1988**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 100–242, §426(a), (h), substituted “$25,350”, “$28,080”, “$33,540”, “$41,340”, and “$46,800” for “$19,500”, “$21,600”, “$25,800”, “$31,800”, and “$36,000”, respectively, and “$29,250”, “$32,760”, “$40,170”, “$50,310”, and “$56,885” for “$22,500”, “$25,200”, “$30,900”, “$38,700”, and “$43,758”, respectively, and substituted “not to exceed 110 percent in any geographical area where the Secretary finds that cost levels so require and by not to exceed 140 percent where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project-by-project basis, but in no case may any such increase exceed 90 percent where the Secretary determines that a mortgage purchased or to be purchased by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions under section 1720 of this title (as such section existed immediately before November 30, 1983) is involved” for “not to exceed 75 per centum in any geographical area where he finds that cost levels so require, except that, where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project by project basis, the foregoing dollar amount limitations contained in this paragraph may be exceeded by not to exceed 90 per centum (by not to exceed 140 per centum where the Secretary determines that a mortgage other than one purchased or to be purchased under section 1720 of this title by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions is involved) in such an area.”

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 100–242, §182, inserted provisions after second sentence directing the Secretary to act consistently with the goal established in section 1701z–11(a)(1) of this title in determining the amount to be bid.

**1984**—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 98–479 substituted “section 1715k(f), section 1715*l*(g), and section 1715x of this title” for “section 1715k(f), 1715*l*(g), and section 1715x of this title”.

**1983**—Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 98–181, §407(c), inserted “American Samoa,” after “Pacific Islands,”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–181, §431(a)(3), in first undesignated par. following par. (2) struck out “and directed” after “therefore, authorized”.

Pub. L. 98–181, §435, in second undesignated par. following par. (2) substituted “the Secretary may not insure any mortgage under this section (except a mortgage with respect to a manufactured home park designed exclusively for occupancy by elderly persons)” for “no mortgage shall be insured hereunder”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 98–181, §431(a)(1), (2), substituted provision permitting the Secretary discretionary authority to regulate rents and other charges for such period or periods as the Secretary, in his discretion, may require for provision which required the Secretary to regulate rents and other charges until the termination of all obligations of the Secretary under the insurance and during such further time as the Secretary was owner, holder, or reinsurer of the mortgage, and substituted “any such regulations and restrictions” for “the regulations and restrictions”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–181, §446(a), which directed that “(unless otherwise approved by the Secretary)” be inserted after “periodic payments” in first undesignated par. of par. (3), was executed to the undesignated par. following par. (3) to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 98–181, §404(b)(4), which directed the substitution of provision that the interest rate for the mortgage be such a rate as agreed upon by the mortgagor and mortgagee for provision that the rate of interest, exclusive of premium charges for insurance, not exceed 5¼ per centum per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time, or not exceed such per centum per annum not in excess of 6 per centum per annum as the Secretary finds necessary to meet the mortgage market in first undesignated par. of par. (3), was executed to the undesignated par. following par. (3) to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**1982**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 97–377 inserted “(by not to exceed 140 per centum where the Secretary determines that a mortgage other than one purchased or to be purchased under section 1720 of this title by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions is involved)” after “90 per centum”.

**1981**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 97–35, §§338(b), 339B(a), substituted “$9,000” for “$8,000” and made minor changes in nomenclature.

**1980**—Subsec. (a)(1), (6). Pub. L. 96–399, §308(c)(1), substituted “manufactured” for “mobile”.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 96–399, §310(a), inserted provisions relating to residential energy conservation measures.

**1979**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 96–153, §§313(b), 314, in first sentence of first unnumbered par. substituted “$8,000” for “$3,900”, “75 per centum” for “50 per centum” and inserted exception that where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project by project basis, the dollar amount limitations may be exceeded by not to exceed 90 per centum in such an area.

**1978**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–557 substituted “may include five” for “may include eight” in concluding par.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 95–619 provided that the amount insurable under this section could be increased by up to 20 per centum if such increase were necessary to account for the increased cost of a residence due to the installation of a solar energy system.

**1976**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 94–375 substituted “50 per centum in any geographical area” for “75 per centum in any geographical area”, “$19,500” for “$13,000”, “$21,600” for “$18,000”, “$25,800” for “$21,500”, “$31,800” for “$26,500”, “$36,000” for “$30,000”, “$3,900” for “$3,250”, “$22,500” for “$15,000”, “$25,200” for “$21,000”, “$30,900” for “$25,750”, “$38,700” for “$32,250”, and “$43,758” for “$36,465”.

**1975**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 94–173 raised from 45 per centum to 75 per centum the amount by which any dollar limitation may, by regulation, be increased.

**1974**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 93–383, §304(a)(1), struck out par. (1) which set forth limits on principal obligation of not to exceed $20,000,000, or not to exceed $50,000,000 if executed by a mortgagor under subsec. (b)(1) of this section.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 93–383, §§303(a), 304(a)(2), substituted “$3,250” for “$2,500”, “$13,000” for “$9,900”, “$15,000” for “$11,550”, “$18,000” for “$13,750”, “$21,000” for “$16,500”, “$21,500” for “$16,500”, “$25,750” for “$19,800”, “$26,500” for “$20,350”, “$30,000” for “$23,100”, “$32,250” for “$24,750”, and “$36,465” for “$28,050”, and struck out limitation of $1,000,000 per mortgage for trailer courts or parks.

**1969**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 91–152, §103(a)(1)(A), substituted “mobile homes” for “trailer coach mobile dwellings”.

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 91–152, §103(a)(1)(B), (C), substituted “mobile home court” for “trailer court” and “mobile homes” for “trailer coach mobile dwellings”.

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 91–152, §403(c)(2), inserted “the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands,” after “Guam,”.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 91–152, §§103(a)(2), (b), 113(b)(1), (2), substituted “$2,500 per space or $1,000,000 per mortgage for mobile home courts or parks” for “$1,800 per space or $500,000 per mortgage for trailer courts or parks”, “$9,900” for “$9,000”, “$11,550” for “$10,500”, “$13,750” for “$12,500,” “$16,500” from “$15,000” wherever appearing therein, “$19,800” for “$18,000”, “$20,350” for “$18,500”, “$23,100” for “$21,000”, “$24,750” for “$22,500”, and “$28,050” for “$25,500”.

**1968**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 90–301 limited interest rate on mortgages to such per centum per annum not in excess of 6 per centum as the Secretary finds necessary to meet the mortgage market.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (b), (b)(2), (c)(2), (3), (d), (e), (g), (h), (h)(1), (h)(2), (h)(2)(i), (j) to (*l*), (n), (*o*), and (r).

**1965**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(e)(4), substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “Housing Fund”.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 89–117, §207(a), substituted “$18,500 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $21,000 per family unit with four or more bedrooms” for “and $18,500 per family unit with three or more bedrooms” and “$22,500 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $25,000 per family unit with four or more bedrooms” for “and $22,500 per family unit with three or more bedrooms”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(e)(1), (2), removed reference to collection of premium charges for the insurance of mortgages under section 1715a of this title and substituted “debentures issued by the Commissioner under any subchapter and section of this chapter, except debentures of the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund, or of the Cooperative Management Housing Insurance Fund” for “debentures of the Housing Insurance Fund issued by the Commissioner under this subchapter”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(e)(3), repealed subsec. (f) which created the Housing Insurance Fund.

Subsecs. (h) to (*l*). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(e)(4), substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “Housing Insurance Fund” and “Housing Fund” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(e)(3), repealed subsec. (m) which provided for credits and charges in the Housing Insurance Fund.

Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(e)(3), repealed subsec. (p) which provided for the disposition of surplus moneys in the Housing Insurance Fund and the investment of such moneys.

**1964**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 88–560, §106, substituted “*Provided*, That this limitation shall not apply” for “*Provided*, That except with respect to a mortgage executed by a mortgagor coming within the provisions of subsection (b)(1) of this section or a mortgage on a trailer court or park, such mortgage shall not exceed the amount which the Commissioner estimates will be the cost of the completed physical improvements on the property or project exclusive of public utilities and streets and organization and legal expenses: *Provided, further*, That this limitation shall not apply” before “to mortgages on housing in Alaska.”

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 88–560, §107(a), changed limits on mortgages for property or project attributable to dwelling use from “$2,500 per room (or $9,000 per family unit if the number of rooms in such property or project is less than four per family unit)” to “$9,000 per family unit without a bedroom, $12,500 per family unit with one bedroom, $15,000 per family unit with two bedrooms, and $18,500 per family unit with three or more bedrooms”, changed such mortgage limits on project consisting of elevator-type structures from a sum “of $2,500 per room to not exceed $3,000 per room and the dollar amount limitation of $9,000 per family unit to not exceed $9,400 per family unit” to dollar amount limitations “per family unit to not to exceed $10,500 per family unit without a bedroom, $15,000 per family unit with one bedroom, $18,000 per family unit with two bedrooms, and $22,500 per family unit with three or more bedrooms”, and substituted provision authorizing an increase “by not to exceed 45 per centum” of any of such limits because of cost levels for former provision authorizing such an increase “by not to exceed $1,250 per room without regard to the number of rooms being less than four, or four or more”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 88–560, §105(b), inserted provision for termination of mortgagee's obligation to pay premium charges on the mortgage.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 88–560, §108, struck out second sentence providing for mandatory acquisition or foreclosure within one year of multifamily project in default.

**1961**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 87–70, §607(1), struck out provisions from first paragraph which limited the Commissioner's authority to insure mortgages to property held by private corporations, associations, cooperative societies which are legal agents of owner-occupants, or trusts formed or created for the purpose of rehabilitating slum or blighted areas, or providing housing for rent or sale.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 87–70, §607(2), (3), inserted “(excluding exterior land improvements as defined by the Commissioner)” and substituted “$1,800 per space” for “$1,500 per space”.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 87–70, §607(4), permitted debentures issued pursuant to the provisions of section 1715k(f), 1715*l*(g), and 1715x of this title to be dated as of the date the mortgage is assigned (or the property is conveyed) to the Commissioner.

**1960**—Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 86–624 struck out “Hawaii,” before “Puerto Rico”.

**1959**—Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 86–70, §10(a), struck out “Alaska,” before “Hawaii”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 86–372, §104(e)(1), struck out exceptions that related to housing for elderly persons from the two unnumbered paragraphs following par. (2).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 86–372, §104(c), (e)(2), struck out provisions that authorized insurance of mortgages not more than $8,100 if the entire property or project was specially designed for the use and occupancy of elderly persons and the mortgagor is a financially qualified nonprofit organization, and substituted in the unnumbered paragraph following par. (3) “5¼ per centum per annum” for “4½ per centum per annum”.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 86–372, §104(a), substituted “$20,000,000” for “$12,500,000”.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 86–70, §10(b), substituted “Alaska” for “the Territory of Alaska”.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 86–372, §104(b), substituted “$2,500” for “$2,250” in two places, “$9,000” for “$8,100” in two places, “$3,000” for “$2,700”, “$9,400” for “$8,400”, “$1,250 per room” for “$1,000 per room”, “$1,500 per space” for “$1,000 per space”, and “$500,000” for “$300,000”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 86–372, §104(e)(3), substituted “sections 1715a, 1715e, 1715v, and 1715w of this title” for “sections 1715a and 1715e of this title” in two places.

Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 86–372, §104(d), added subsec. (r).

**1957**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 85–104, §110, inserted in unnumbered paragraph following par. (3), “(or $8,400 per family unit in the case of projects to consist of elevator-type structures)” and “and may permit single elderly persons to use and occupy such units”.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 85–104, §109, struck out “per room” after “limitations”, and inserted “without regard to the number of rooms being less than four, or four or more,”.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 85–104, §108(b), substituted in second sentence, “established by the Commissioner pursuant to section 1715*o* of this title” for “determined by the Commissioner, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, at the time the mortgage was insured, but not to exceed 3 per centum per annum”.

Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 85–104, §111, repealed provisions which related to insurance of mortgages by Federal National Mortgage Association. See section 1715e of this title.

**1956**—Subsec. (b). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §104(b), inserted “(except provisions relating to housing for elderly persons)” before “to take” in paragraph following par. (2), and inserted “(except with respect to housing designed for elderly persons, with occupancy preference therefor, as provided in the paragraph following paragraph (3) of subsection (c) of this section)” after “hereunder” in second unnumbered par. following par. (2).

Subsec. (c). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §104(c), substituted provisions of unnumbered par. following par. (3) that in certain housing for elderly persons, the mortgage may involve a principal obligation of $8,100 per family unit and 90 percent of the replacement cost, for former provisions that if the number of bedrooms is equal or exceeds two per family unit, and the principal obligation does not exceed $7,200 per family unit, the mortgage may involve a principal obligation not in excess of 90 percent of the value of the property.

Subsec. (c)(2). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §103(a), substituted “90 per centum” for “80 per centum”.

Subsec. (c)(3). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §103(b), increased limits on mortgages from $2,000 per room to $2,250 per room, from $7,200 to $8,100 where the number of rooms in the project is less than 4 per family unit, from $2,400 to $2,700 per room and $7,500 to $8,400 per family unit for elevator type structures, and inserted provision allowing Commissioner to increase dollar amount limitations by not to exceed $1,000 per room.

**1955**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 11, 1955, §102(b)(1), (2), inserted provisions relating to trailer coach mobile dwellings in par. (1)(B), and included space in a trailer court or park in the definition of “rental housing” in par. (6).

Subsec. (c). Act Aug. 11, 1955, §102(b)(5), amended last paragraph to authorize insurance of mortgages on rental properties having eight or more family units.

Subsec. (c)(1). Act Aug. 11, 1955, §102(c), increased from $5,000,000 to $12,500,000 the limitation on the maximum amount of a mortgage.

Subsec. (c)(2). Act Aug. 11, 1955, §102(b)(3), inserted “or mortgage on a trailer court or park”.

Subsec. (c)(3). Act Aug. 11, 1955, §102(b)(4), inserted “or not to exceed $1,000 per space or $300,000 per mortgage for trailer courts or parks”.

**1954**—Subsec. (c)(2). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §115(1), (2), inserted the proviso relating to mortgage insurance with respect to construction in slum or blighted areas, and inserted the reference to Guam.

Subsec. (c)(3). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §115(3), struck out the $10,000 per family-unit limitation, and inserted provisions permitting an increase in the limitations of $2,000 per room and $7,200 per family unit (less than four rooms) to $2,400, and $7,500, respectively, for elevator-type structures.

Subsec. (d). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §116, inserted in first sentence “of the Housing Insurance Fund” after “debentures”.

Subsec. (h). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §117, at end of first sentence, inserted provision relating to inclusion of foreclosure costs, costs of acquisition, and costs of conveyance to the Commissioner.

Subsec. (i). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §112(b), substituted in second sentence a twenty-year period for the ten-year period, with respect to the maturity of debentures.

**1953**—Subsec. (c). Act June 30, 1953, §5(a), added par. following par. (3).

Subsec. (c)(2). Act June 30, 1953, §5(a), substituted “80 per centum of the estimated value of the property or project (when the proposed improvements are completed)” for limitation of 90 per centum of value attributable to dwelling use up to $7,000 per family unit, 60 per centum of such value over $7,000 and up to $10,000, and 90 per centum of value attributable to non-dwelling use.

Subsec. (c)(3). Act June 30, 1953, §5(a), substituted provisions for maximum mortgage amount of $2,000 per room (or $7,200 per family unit if the number of rooms does not equal or exceed four per family unit), up to $10,000 per family unit, for provisions which fixed a limitation of $8,100 per family unit (or $7,200 if the number of rooms was less than four per family unit), provided for amortization of the mortgage and rate of interest, provided for consent to release of part of mortgaged property, prohibited acceptance of mortgages on properties not economically sound, and provided for inclusion with mortgaged properties adequate commercial and community facilities.

Subsec. (i). Act June 30, 1953, §5(b), substituted in second sentence, “ten” years for “twenty” years.

**1952**—Subsec. (a)(7). Act July 14, 1952, inserted “Guam,” after “District of Columbia,”.

**1951**—Subsec. (c)(2). Act Sept. 1, 1951, §605, in cl. (i), substituted “of the property or project attributable to dwelling use” for “of the property or project”; in cl. (ii), inserted “and” after “unit”; and added cl. (iii).

Subsec. (c)(3). Act Sept. 1, 1951, §605, substituted “four per family unit” for “four and one-half per family unit”.

Subsec. (i). Act Sept. 1, 1951, §604(b), substituted in second sentence the provision that such debentures shall mature twenty years after the date thereof, for the provision that they should mature three years after the first day of July following the maturity date of the mortgage in exchange for which the debentures were issued.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, §122, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (b). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §106, added last two unnumbered pars.

Subsec. (c)(2). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §107(1), provided that the mortgage would not exceed 90% of the first $7,000 estimated value of the property and 60% of such estimated value in excess of $7,000 and not in excess of $10,000.

Subsec. (c)(3). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §107(2), (3), provided a dollar mortgage limitation of $8,100 per family unit or $7,200 per family unit if the number of rooms did not equal or exceed four and one-half per family unit, and struck out “, except that with respect to mortgages insured under the provisions of the second proviso of paragraph (2) of this subsection, which mortgages are authorized to have a maturity of not exceeding forty years from the date of insurance of the mortgage, such interest rate shall not exceed 4 per centum per annum” in first sentence of last par.

Subsec. (d). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §108, struck out “one-half of” before “1 per centum” in proviso.

Subsec. (f). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §109, inserted “and section 1715e” before “of this title” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (g). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §110, inserted “and any mortgage insurance premiums paid after default” after “preservation of the property” in cl. (C) of last sentence, and substituted proviso of last sentence for the one reading “That the mortgagee in event of a default under the mortgage, may, at its option and in accordance with rules and regulations to be prescribed by the Commissioner, proceed to foreclose on or otherwise acquire the property as provided in the case of a mortgage which is in default under section 1715a of this title and receive the benefits of the insurance as provided in such section”.

Subsec. (h). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §111, substituted “under this section” after “claim issued” in first sentence for “by the Commissioner to any mortgagee upon the assignment of the mortgage to the Commissioner”.

Subsec. (i). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §112, struck out first sentence and substituted “Debentures issued under this section shall be executed in the name of the Housing Insurance Fund as obligor, shall be signed by the Commissioner by either his written or engraved signature, shall be negotiable, and shall be dated as of the date of default as determined in subsection (g) of this section and shall bear interest from such date”.

**1948**—Subsec. (b)(1) Act Aug. 10, 1948, §101(m), substituted “restricted by Federal or State laws or regulations of State banking or insurance departments” for “formed under and restricted by Federal or State housing laws”.

Subsec. (c). Act Aug. 10, 1948, §101(n)(1)–(3), amended first sentence generally, inserted “except that with respect to mortgages insured under the provisions of the second proviso of paragraph numbered (2) of this subsection, which mortgages are hereby authorized to have a maturity of not exceeding forty years from the date of the insurance of the mortgage, such interest rate shall not exceed 4 per centum per annum” at end of second sentence, and inserted last sentence.

Act July 1, 1948, inserted proviso.

Subsec. (g). Act Aug. 10, 1948, §101(*o*), substituted, in cl. (ii), “(1)” for “(2)”.

Subsec. (h). Act Aug. 10, 1948, §101(p), substituted “retained by the Housing Administrator and credited to the Housing Insurance Fund” for “paid to the mortgagor of such property”.

Subsec. (q). Act Aug. 10, 1948, §101(r), added subsec. (q).

**1941**—Subsec. (a)(1). Act Mar. 28, 1941, §4(b)(1), struck out “district or territory”.

Subsec. (a)(7). Act Mar. 28, 1941, §4(b)(2), added par. (7).

**1939**—Subsec. (c). Act June 3, 1939, amended first sentence generally.

**1938**—Act of Feb. 3, 1938, amended section generally.

**1935**—Act Aug. 23, 1935, inserted “property” before “project” in last sentence.

Section 431(c) of Pub. L. 98–181 provided that: “The amendments made in this section [amending this section and section 1715y of this title] shall not apply with respect to mortgages insured by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development before the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 30, 1983].”

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

Amendment by section 112(b) of act Aug. 2, 1954, as not applicable in any case where the mortgage involved was insured or the commitment for the insurance was issued prior to Aug. 2, 1954, see section 112(e) of that act, set out as a note under section 1710 of this title.

The directory language of, but not the amendment made by, Pub. L. 90–301, §3(b), May 7, 1968, 82 Stat. 114, cited as a credit to this section, was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §404(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1208.

Section 509(h) of Pub. L. 102–550 provided that: “The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall issue regulations necessary to carry out the amendments made by subsections (a) through (g) [amending this section and sections 1715e, 1715k, 1715*l*, 1715v, and 1715y of this title], which shall take effect not later than the expiration of the 1-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 1992].”

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

Pub. L. 101–625, title III, §328, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4138, as amended by Pub. L. 102–242, title II, §226, Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2307, provided that:

“(a) *l*, 1715n, 1715w, 1715z–6] that delegates processing functions to selected approved mortgagees or other individuals and entities expressly approved by the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Under such system, the Secretary shall retain the authority to approve rents, expenses, property appraisals, and mortgage amounts and to execute a firm commitment.

“(b)

Section 446(f) of Pub. L. 98–181 provided that: “The aggregate number of dwelling units included in properties covered by mortgages insured pursuant to the authority granted in the amendments made by this section [amending sections 1713, 1715k, 1715*l*, and 1715v of this title] in any fiscal year may not exceed 10,000.”

Section 107(g) of Pub. L. 88–560, as amended by Pub. L. 90–19, §21(a), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 25, provided that if the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development determined that it would be inequitable to apply the provisions of the National Housing Act as amended by section 107 [amending sections 1713, 1715e, 1715k, 1715*l*, 1715v, and 1748h–2 of this title] to a project which had been submitted for his consideration prior to Sept. 2, 1964, such provisions could be applied to such project without regard to the amendments made by section 107.

1 See References in Text note below.

Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to exempt any real property acquired and held by the Secretary under this subchapter from taxation by any State or political subdivision thereof, to the same extent, according to its value, as other real property is taxed.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §208, 48 Stat. 1252; Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §3, 52 Stat. 22; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner”.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator”.

**1938**—Act Feb. 3, 1938, corrected error in spelling of “subdivision”.

The Secretary shall cause to be made in connection with the insurance programs such statistical surveys and legal and economic studies as he shall deem useful to guide the development of housing and the creation of a sound mortgage market in the United States, and shall publish from time to time the results of such surveys and studies. Expenses of such studies and surveys, and expenses of publication and distribution of the results of such studies and surveys, shall be charged as a general expense of such insurance fund or funds, as the Secretary shall determine.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §209, 48 Stat. 1252; Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §3, 52 Stat. 22; Mar. 28, 1941, ch. 31, §4(c), 55 Stat. 62; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §612(d), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 181; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(f), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 504; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (f), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17, 18.)

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing and inserted “in connection with the insurance programs” after “made”.

**1965**—Pub. L. 89–117 struck out “or account or accounts,” after “fund or funds,”.

**1961**—Pub. L. 87–70 substituted “shall be charged as a general expense of such insurance fund or funds, or account or accounts, as the Commissioner shall determine” for “shall be charged as a general expense of the Fund, the Housing Fund, and the Defense Housing Insurance Fund in such proportion as the Commissioner shall determine”.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

**1941**—Act Mar. 28, 1941, substituted “Fund, the Housing Fund, and the Defense Housing Insurance Fund” for “Fund and the Housing Fund”.

**1938**—Act Feb. 3, 1938, inserted “and the Housing Fund in such proportion as the Administrator shall determine” after “Fund”.

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §210, as added by act Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §3, 52 Stat. 22, related to additional housing insurance.

Section 13 of act June 3, 1939, which repealed this section, also provided: “That the Administrator is authorized to insure under said section [this section] any mortgage for the insurance of which an application has been filed with him prior to the effective date of this act.”

The Secretary is authorized and directed to make such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §211, as added Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §3, 52 Stat. 23; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner”.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator”.

Pub. L. 98–479, title I, §104(f), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2226, required Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, not later than Oct. 31, 1984, to issue regulations to carry out amendments made to section 1715z–7 of this title by section 436 of Housing and Urban-Rural Recovery Act of 1983, Pub. L. 98–181.

(a) The Secretary shall not insure under section 1713 or section 1715a of this title or under section 1743 of this title pursuant to any application for insurance filed subsequent to the effective date of this section, or under section 1715e of this title, or under subchapter VII of this chapter pursuant to any application filed subsequent to sixty days after April 20, 1950, or under section 1748b or 1748h–2 of this title, or under section 1750g of this title, a mortgage or investment which covers property on which there is or is to be located a dwelling or dwellings, or a housing project, the construction of which was or is to be commenced subsequent to such date, unless the principal contractor files a certificate or certificates (at such times, in course of construction or otherwise, as the Secretary may prescribe) certifying that the laborers and mechanics employed in the construction of the dwelling or dwellings or the housing project involved have been paid not less than the wages prevailing in the locality in which the work was performed for the corresponding classes of laborers and mechanics employed on construction of a similar character, as determined by the Secretary of Labor, in accordance with sections 3141–3144, 3146, and 3147 of title 40, prior to the beginning of construction and after the date of the filing of the application for insurance. The provisions of this section shall also apply to the insurance of any loan or mortgage under section 1715k or section 1715x of this title which covers property on which there is located a dwelling or dwellings designed principally for residential use for twelve or more families. The provisions of this section shall apply to the insurance under section 1715*l* of this title of any mortgage described in subsection (d)(3) or (d)(4) and (deeming the term “construction” as used in the first sentence of this subsection to mean rehabilitation) of any mortgage described in subsection (h)(1) or section 1715z(j)(1) of this title which covers property on which there is located a dwelling or dwellings designed principally for residential use for more than eight families; except that compliance with such provisions may be waived by the Secretary—

(1) with respect to mortgages described in such subsection (d)(3) or (d)(4), in cases or classes of cases where laborers or mechanics (not otherwise employed at any time in the construction of the project) voluntarily donate their services without compensation for the purpose of lowering their housing costs in a cooperative housing project and the Secretary determines that any amounts saved thereby are fully credited to the cooperative undertaking the construction, and

(2) with respect to mortgages described in such subsection (h)(1) or section 1715z(j)(1) of this title, in cases or classes of cases where prospective owners of such dwellings, voluntarily donate their services without compensation, or other persons (not otherwise employed at any time in the rehabilitation of the property) voluntarily donate their services without compensation, and the Secretary determines that any amounts saved thereby are fully credited to the nonprofit organization undertaking the rehabilitation.

The provisions of this section shall also apply to the insurance of any mortgage under sections 1715v, 1715w, or 1715z–1 of this title except that compliance with such provisions may be waived by the Secretary in cases or classes of cases where laborers or mechanics, not otherwise employed at any time on the project, voluntarily donate their services without full compensation for the purpose of lowering the costs of construction and the Secretary determines that any amounts thereby saved are fully credited to the nonprofit corporation, association, or other organization undertaking the construction. The provisions of this section shall also apply to the insurance of any mortgage under section 1715y(d) of this title. The provisions of this section shall also apply to the insurance of any mortgage under section 1715z–7 of this title, except that compliance with such provisions may be waived by the Secretary in cases or classes of cases where laborers or mechanics, not otherwise employed at any time on the project, voluntarily donate their services without compensation for the purpose of lowering the costs of construction and the Secretary determines that any amounts thereby saved are fully credited to the nonprofit corporation, association, or other organization undertaking the construction; and each laborer or mechanic employed on any facility covered by a mortgage insured under section 1715z–7 of this title shall receive compensation at a rate not less than one and one-half times his basic rate of pay for all hours worked in any workweek in excess of eight hours in any workday or forty hours in the workweek, as the case may be. The provisions of this section shall also apply to the insurance of any mortgage under subchapter IX–B of this chapter; and each laborer or mechanic employed on any facility covered by a mortgage insured under such subchapter IX–B shall receive compensation at a rate not less than one and one-half times his basic rate of pay for all hours worked in any workweek in excess of eight hours in any workday or forty hours in the workweek, as the case may be.

(b) The Secretary is authorized to make such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.

(c) There is authorized to be appropriated for the remainder of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1939, and for each fiscal year thereafter, a sum sufficient to meet all necessary expenses of the Department of Labor in making the determinations provided for in subsection (a) of this section.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §212, as added June 3, 1939, ch. 175, §14, 53 Stat. 807; amended May 26, 1942, ch. 319, §10, 56 Stat. 303; Aug. 8, 1949, ch. 403, §3, 63 Stat. 576; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §§113, 122, 64 Stat. 54, 59; Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title II, §203, 65 Stat. 303; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §118, 68 Stat. 595; Pub. L. 86–372, title I, §110(f), title II, §201(b), title VII, §704(c), Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 661, 667, 686; Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §612(e), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 181; Pub. L. 88–349, §3, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 239; Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §119(b), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 782; Pub. L. 89–117, title I, §102(c), title II, §201(b)(4), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 454, 465; Pub. L. 89–754, title III, §311, title V, §503, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1270, 1277; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a) (3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 90–448, title I, §101(d), title II, §201(b)(1), title XV, §1502, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 484, 501, 600; Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §110(c), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1772; Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §133(d)(2), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2027.)

Section 1715a of this title, referred to in subsec. (a), which related to additional housing insurance, was repealed by section 13 of act June 3, 1939, ch. 175, 53 Stat. 807.

Effective date of this section, referred to in subsec. (a), probably means June 3, 1939, the date of enactment of act June 3, 1939.

Subsections (d)(3), (d)(4), and (h)(1), referred to in subsec. (a), are references to such subsections in section 1715*l* of this title.

“Sections 3141–3144, 3146, and 3147 of title 40” substituted in subsec. (a) for “the Davis-Bacon Act, as amended” on authority of Pub. L. 107–217, §5(c), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1303, the first section of which enacted Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works.

**1989**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–235 struck out seventh sentence which read as follows: “The provisions of this section shall also apply to insurance under subchapter IX–A of this chapter with respect to laborers and mechanics employed in land development financed with the proceeds of any mortgage insured under that subchapter.”

**1970**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–609 inserted reference to other organization in sixth sentence.

**1968**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–448 inserted references to sections 1715z(j)(1) and 1715z–1 of this title, and made provisions of this section applicable to the insurance of mortgages under section 1715z–7 of this title, permitted waiver of compliance in cases or classes of cases where laborers or mechanics, not otherwise employed on the project, voluntarily donate their services without compensation for the purpose of lowering costs and savings are fully credited to the nonprofit corporation or association, and required payment of overtime to laborers or mechanics employed on facilities covered by a mortgage insured under section 1715z–7 of this title.

**1967**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

**1966**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–754 defined “construction” in third sentence, made provisions of this section applicable to mortgage described in subsec. (h)(1) covering property improved with residential dwellings for use by more than eight families, provided for waiver of requirement of compliance with respect to mortgages described in subsec. (d)(3) or (d)(4) and subsec. (h)(1), made the provisions of this section applicable to insurance of mortgage under subchapter IX–B of this chapter, and provided for overtime compensation for work on group practice facilities covered by mortgage insurance under such subchapter IX–B.

**1965**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–117 substituted “described in subsection (d)(3) or (d)(4)” for “described in subsection (d)(3) in the case of a cooperative or a limited profit mortgagor, or in subsection (d)(4) thereof”, and applied provisions of this section to insurance under subchapter IX–A of this chapter with respect to laborers and mechanics employed in land development financed with the proceeds of any mortgage insured under that subchapter.

**1964**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 88–560 inserted provision that this section shall also apply to the insurance of any mortgage under section 1715y(d) of this title.

Pub. L. 88–349 inserted “in accordance with the Davis-Bacon Act, as amended”.

**1961**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–70 made section applicable to the insurance of mortgages under section 1715x of this title and to insurance under section 1715*l* of this title of mortgages described in subsec. (d)(3) thereof in the case of a cooperative or a limited profit mortgagor.

**1959**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–372 substituted “or under section 1748b or 1748h–2 of this title” for “or under subchapter VIII of this chapter”, and inserted provisions making this section applicable to the insurance under section 1715 of this title of any mortgage described in subsection (d)(4) thereof, and to the insurance of any mortgage under section 1715v or 1715w of this title.

**1954**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 2, 1954, inserted sentence making section applicable to insurance of any mortgage under section 1715k of this title which covers property on which is located a dwelling or dwellings designed principally for residential use for twelve or more families.

**1951**—Subsec. (a). Act Sept. 1, 1951, inserted reference to section 1750g of this title after “subchapter VIII of this chapter,”.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, §122, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (a). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §113, substituted “or under section 213 of this title, or under title VII pursuant to any application filed subsequent to sixty days after the date of enactment of the Housing Act of 1950, or under title VIII, a mortgage or investment” for “or under subchapter VIII of this chapter”.

**1949**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 8, 1949, inserted “, or under subchapter VIII of this chapter” after “effective date of this section”.

**1942**—Subsec. (a). Act May 26, 1942, inserted reference to section 1743 of this title.

Section 4 of Pub. L. 88–349 provided that: “The amendments made by this Act [amending this section, section 276a of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and section 1114 of former Title 49, Transportation] shall take effect on the ninetieth day after the date of enactment of this Act [July 2, 1964], but shall not affect any contract in existence on such effective date or made thereafter pursuant to invitations for bids outstanding on such effective date and the rate of payments specified by section 1(b)(2) of the Act of March 3, 1931, as amended by this Act [now 40 U.S.C. 3141(2)(B)], shall, during a period of two hundred and seventy days after such effective date, become effective only in those cases and reasonable classes of cases as the Secretary of Labor, acting as rapidly as practicable to make such rates of payments fully effective, shall by rule of regulation provide.”

Labor standards under provisions of this section to be prescribed and enforced by Secretary of Labor, see Reorg. Plan No. 14 of 1950, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3176, 64 Stat. 1267, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

If the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development finds that, because of higher costs prevailing in Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, or the Virgin Islands, it is not feasible to construct dwellings or manufactured home courts or parks on property located in Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, or the Virgin Islands without sacrifice of sound standards of construction, design, or livability, within the limitations as to maximum or maxima mortgage amounts provided in this chapter, the Secretary may, by regulations or otherwise, prescribe, with respect to dollar amount, a higher maximum or maxima for the principal obligation of mortgages insured under this chapter covering property located in Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, or the Virgin Islands in such amounts as he shall find necessary to compensate for such higher costs but not to exceed, in any event, the maximum or maxima otherwise applicable (including increased mortgage amounts in geographical areas where cost levels so require) by more than one-half thereof. No mortgage with respect to a project or property in Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, or the Virgin Islands shall be accepted for insurance under this chapter unless the Secretary finds that the project or property is an acceptable risk giving consideration to the acute housing shortage in Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, or the Virgin Islands: *Provided*, That any such mortgage may be insured or accepted for insurance without regard to any requirement in any other section of this chapter that the Secretary find the project or property to be economically sound or an acceptable risk. Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this chapter or any other law, the Alaska Housing Authority or the Government of Guam, the Virgin Islands, or Hawaii or any agency or instrumentality thereof shall be eligible as mortgagor or mortgagee, as the case may be, for any of the purposes of mortgage insurance under the provisions of this chapter. Upon application by the mortgagee (1) where the mortgagor is regulated or restricted pursuant to the last sentence of this section or (2) where the Alaska Housing Authority or the Government of Guam, the Virgin Islands, or Hawaii or any agency or instrumentality thereof is the mortgagor or mortgagee, for the insurance of a mortgage under any provisions of this chapter, the Secretary is authorized to insure the mortgage (including advances thereon where otherwise authorized), and to make commitments for the insuring of any such mortgages prior to the date of their execution or disbursement thereon, under such provision (and this section) without regard to any requirement that the mortgagor shall have paid a prescribed amount on account of such property. Without limiting the authority of the Secretary under any other provision of law, the Secretary is authorized, with respect to any mortgagor in such case (except where the Alaska Housing Authority is the mortgagor or mortgagee), to require the mortgagor to be regulated or restricted as to rents or sales, charges, capital structure, rate of return, and methods of operation to such an extent and in such manner as the Secretary determines advisable to provide reasonable rentals and sales prices and a reasonable return on the investment.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §214, as added Apr. 23, 1949, ch. 89, §2(a), 63 Stat. 57; amended Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title VI, §606, 65 Stat. 315; July 14, 1952, ch. 723, §10(a)(3), 66 Stat. 603; June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §25(a), (c), 67 Stat. 128; Pub. L. 86–70, §10(c), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 142; Pub. L. 86–372, title I, §106, Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 657; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(2), (3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 91–152, title IV, §418(e), Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 402; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §308(c)(1), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1640; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(a)(4), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2232; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §406(b)(7), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1901; Pub. L. 101–625, title III, §333, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4141.)

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Section is comprised of section 214 of act June 27, 1934, as added by section 2(a) of act Apr. 23, 1949, which insofar as Alaska, Hawaii, and Guam individually are concerned, was, formerly, also set out as sections 484d, 723, and 1425 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions. Section 2(b) of act Apr. 23, 1949, which was formerly classified to sections 484e, 724 and 1426 of Title 48, was repealed by act Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title II, §205, 68 Stat. 622.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–625 amended section catchline generally, inserting reference to Virgin Islands, substituted “Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, or the Virgin Islands,” for “Alaska, Guam, or Hawaii,” after “costs prevailing in”, “Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, or the Virgin Islands” for “Alaska or in Guam or Hawaii” wherever appearing, and inserted “, the Virgin Islands,” after “Government of Guam” wherever appearing.

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–242 struck out “shall be the owner and occupant of the property or” before “shall have paid a prescribed amount” in fourth sentence.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–479 substituted “Insurance of mortgages on property in Alaska, Guam, and Hawaii” for “Construction of dwellings or mobile home courts or parks in Alaska, Guam, and Hawaii; increased maximum for mortgage insurance; conditions and limitations” in section catchline, and substituted “Notwithstanding” for “Nowithstanding” at beginning of third sentence.

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–399 substituted “manufactured” for “mobile”.

**1969**—Pub. L. 91–152 extended to mobile home courts or parks the special provisions applicable to properties located in Alaska, Guam, or Hawaii.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” for “Federal Housing Commissioner” and “Secretary” for “Commissioner”, respectively, wherever appearing.

**1959**—Pub. L. 86–372 inserted “(including increased mortgage amounts in geographical areas where cost levels so require)” after “maximum or maxima otherwise applicable”.

Pub. L. 86–70 substituted “Alaska, Guam,” for “the Territory of Alaska or in Guam”.

**1953**—Act June 30, 1953, §25(a), inserted “or Hawaii” after “Guam” wherever appearing.

Act June 30, 1953, §25(c), substituted in fourth sentence “Upon application by the mortgagee (1) where the mortgagor is regulated or restricted pursuant to the last sentence of this section or (2)” for “Upon application by the mortgagee,”; and inserted sentence beginning “Without limiting the authority”.

**1952**—Act July 14, 1952, inserted “or in Guam” after “Alaska” wherever appearing, inserted “or maxima” after “maximum,” and inserted “or the Government of Guam or any agency or instrumentality thereof” after “Alaska Housing Authority” wherever appearing.

**1951**—Act Sept. 1, 1951, substituted “one-half” for “one-third” in first sentence.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–242 applicable only with respect to mortgages insured pursuant to conditional commitment issued on or after Feb. 5, 1988, or in accordance with direct endorsement program (24 CFR 200.163), if approved underwriter of mortgagee signs appraisal report for property on or after Feb. 5, 1988, see section 406(d) of Pub. L. 100–242, set out as a note under section 1709 of this title.

Section 323 of Pub. L. 96–399 directed Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to study feasibility of utilizing factory-built and other appropriate types of housing (other than the traditional type of site-built housing), to the extent practicable, in carrying out housing programs for Indians and Alaskan Natives, and not later than eighteen months after Oct. 8, 1980, to transmit a report to Congress containing the findings and conclusions of such study, including a comparison of costs and benefits of utilizing the traditional type of site-built housing and of utilizing other types of housing in situations in which either type of housing could be used.

No additional notes or obligations to be purchased after June 24, 1954, from funds appropriated pursuant to the Alaska Housing Act, as amended, which is classified, in part, to this section, see section 1701g–5 of this title, and References in Text note thereunder.

Establishment of revolving fund under which to account for assets and liabilities in connection with notes and other obligations purchased pursuant to the Alaska Housing Act, as amended, which is classified, in part, to this section, see section 1701g–5 of this title, and References in Text note thereunder.

Alaska was admitted into the Union on Jan. 3, 1959, on issuance of Proc. No. 3269, Jan. 3, 1959, 24 F.R. 81, 73 Stat. c16, and Hawaii was admitted into the Union on Aug. 21, 1959, on issuance of Proc. No. 3309, Aug. 21, 1959, 24 F.R. 6868. 73 Stat. c74. For Alaska Statehood Law, see Pub. L. 85–508, July 7, 1958, 72 Stat. 339, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions. For Hawaii Statehood Law, see Pub. L. 86–3, Mar. 18, 1959, 73 Stat. 4, set out as a note preceding section 491 of Title 48.

In addition to mortgages insured under section 1713 of this title, the Secretary is authorized to insure mortgages as defined in section 1713(a) of this title (including advances on such mortgages during construction), which cover property held by—

(1) a nonprofit cooperative ownership housing corporation or nonprofit cooperative ownership housing trust, the permanent occupancy of the dwellings of which is restricted to members of such corporation or to beneficiaries of such trust;

(2) a nonprofit corporation or nonprofit trust organized for the purpose of construction of homes for members of the corporation or for beneficiaries of the trust; or

(3) a mortgagor, approved by the Secretary which (A) has certified to the Secretary, as a condition of obtaining the insurance of a mortgage under this section, that upon completion of the property or project covered by such mortgage it intends to sell such property or project to a nonprofit corporation or nonprofit trust of the character described in paragraph (1) of this subsection at the actual cost of such property or project as certified pursuant to section 1715r of this title and will faithfully and diligently make and carry out all reasonable efforts to consummate such sale, and (B) shall be regulated or restricted by the Secretary as to rents, charges, capital structure, rate of return, and methods of operation during any period while it holds the mortgaged property or project; and for such purpose the Secretary may make such contracts with, and acquire for not to exceed $100 such stock or interest in, any such mortgagor as the Secretary may deem necessary to render effective such restriction or regulation, such stock or interest to be paid for out of the Cooperative Management Housing Insurance Fund and to be redeemed by such mortgagor at par upon the sale of such property or project to such nonprofit corporation or nonprofit trust;

which corporations or trusts referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection are regulated or restricted for the purposes and in the manner provided in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b) of section 1713 of this title: *Provided*, That as applied to mortgages the mortgage insurance for which is the obligation of the Management Fund, the reference to the General Insurance Fund in section 1713(b)(2) of this title shall be construed to refer to the Management Fund. Nothing in this section may be construed to prevent membership in a nonprofit housing cooperative from being held in the name of a trust, the beneficiary of which shall occupy the dwelling unit in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary.

To be eligible for insurance under this section a mortgage on any property or project of a corporation or trust of the character described in paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of this section shall involve a principal obligation in an amount—

(1) Repealed. Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §304(b), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 678.

(2)(A) not to exceed, for such part of the property or project as may be attributable to dwelling use (excluding exterior land improvements as defined by the Secretary), $41,207 per family unit without a bedroom, $47,511 per family unit with one bedroom, $57,300 per family unit with two bedrooms, $73,343 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $81,708 per family unit with four or more bedrooms, and not to exceed 98 per centum of the amount which the Secretary estimates will be the replacement cost of the property or project when the proposed physical improvements are completed: *Provided*, That as to projects to consist of elevator-type structures the Secretary may, in his discretion, increase the dollar amount limitations per family unit to not to exceed $43,875 per family unit without a bedroom, $49,710 per family unit with one bedroom, $60,446 per family unit with two bedrooms, $78,197 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $85,836 per family unit with four or more bedrooms, as the case may be, to compensate for the higher costs incident to the construction of elevator-type structures of sound standards of construction and design; (B)(i) the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the dollar amount limitations in subparagraph (A) (as such limitations may have been adjusted in accordance with section 1712a of this title) by not to exceed 170 percent in any geographical area where the Secretary finds that cost levels so require and by not to exceed 170 percent, or 215 percent in high cost areas, where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project-by-project basis, but in no case may any such increase exceed 90 percent where the Secretary determines that a mortgage purchased or to be purchased by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions under section 1720 1 of this title (as such section existed immediately before November 30, 1983) is involved; and (ii) in the case of a mortgagor of the character described in paragraph (3) of subsection (a) of this section the mortgage shall involve a principal obligation in an amount not to exceed 90 per centum of the amount which the Secretary estimates will be the replacement cost of the property or project when the proposed physical improvements are completed; and (iii) upon the sale of a property or project by a mortgagor of the character described in paragraph (3) of subsection (a) of this section to a nonprofit cooperative ownership housing corporation or trust within two years after the completion of such property or project the mortgage given to finance such sale shall involve a principal obligation in an amount not to exceed the maximum amount computed in accordance with this subparagraph (B)(i)..2

To be eligible for insurance under this section a mortgage on any property or project of a corporation or trust of the character described in paragraph (2) of subsection (a) of this section shall involve a principal obligation in an amount not to exceed a sum computed on the basis of a separate mortgage for each single-family dwelling (irrespective of whether such dwelling has a party wall or is otherwise physically connected with another dwelling or dwellings) comprising the property or project, equal to the total of each of the maximum principal obligations of such mortgages which would meet the requirements of section 1709(b)(2) of this title if the mortgagor were the owner and occupant who had made any required payment on account of the property prescribed in such paragraph.

Any mortgage insured under this section shall provide for complete amortization by periodic payments within such term as the Secretary may prescribe but not to exceed 40 years from the beginning of amortization of the mortgage, and shall bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee. The Secretary may consent to the release of a part or parts of the mortgaged property from the lien of the mortgage upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe and the mortgage may provide for such release, and a mortgage on any project of a corporation or trust of the character described in paragraph (2) of subsection (a) of this section may provide that, at any time after the completion of the construction of the project, such mortgage may be replaced, in whole or in part, by individual mortgages covering each individual dwelling in the project in amounts not to exceed the unpaid balance of the blanket mortgage allocable to the individual property. Each such individual mortgage may be insured under this section. Property covered by a mortgage, insured under this section, on a property or project of a corporation or trust of the character described in paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of this section may include five or more family units and may include such commercial and community facilities as the Secretary deems adequate to serve the occupants. Property held by a corporation or trust of the character described in paragraph numbered (2) of subsection (a) of this section which is covered by a mortgage insured under this section may include such community facilities, and property held by a mortgagor of the character described in paragraph numbered (3) of subsection (a) of this section which is covered by a mortgage insured under this section may include such commercial and community facilities, as the Secretary deems adequate to serve the occupants.

The provisions of subsections (d), (e), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (*l*), and (n) of section 1713 of this title shall be applicable to mortgages insured under this section except individual mortgages insured pursuant to subsection (d) of this section covering the individual dwellings in the project, and as to such individual mortgages the provisions of subsections (a), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h),1 (j), and (k) 1 of section 1710 of this title shall be applicable: *Provided*, That as applied to mortgages or loans the insurance for which is the obligation of the Management Fund (1) all references to the General Insurance Fund shall be construed to refer to the Management Fund, and (2) all references to section 1713 of this title shall be construed to refer to subsections (a)(1), (a)(3) (if the project involved is acquired by a cooperative corporation), (i), and (j) of this section.

The Secretary is authorized, with respect to mortgages insured or to be insured under this section, to furnish technical advice and assistance in the organization of corporations or trusts of the character described in subsection (a) of this section and in the planning, development, construction, and operation of their housing projects.

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prevent the insurance of a mortgage under this section covering a housing project designed for occupancy by single persons, and dwelling units in such a project shall constitute family units within the meaning of this section.

In the event that a mortgagor of the character described in paragraph (3) of subsection (a) of this section obtains an insured mortgage loan pursuant to this section and fails to sell the property or project covered by such mortgage to a nonprofit housing corporation or nonprofit housing trust of the character described in paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary is authorized to refuse, for such period of time as he shall deem appropriate under the circumstances, to insure under this section any additional investor-sponsor type mortgage loans made to such mortgagor or to any other investor-sponsor mortgagor where, in the determination of the Secretary, any of its stockholders were identified with such mortgagor.

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prevent the insurance of a mortgage executed by a mortgagor of the character described in paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of this section covering property upon which dwelling units and related facilities have been constructed prior to the filing of the application for mortgage insurance hereunder: *Provided*, That the Secretary determines that the consumer interest is protected and that the mortgagor will be a consumer cooperative. In the case of properties other than new construction, the limitations in this section upon the amount of the mortgage shall be based upon the appraised value of the property for continued use as a cooperative rather than upon the Secretary's estimate of the replacement cost. As to any project on which construction was commenced after September 23, 1959, the mortgage on such project shall be eligible for insurance under this section only in those cases where the construction was subject to inspection by the Secretary and where there was compliance with the provisions of section 1715c of this title. As to any project on which construction was commenced prior to September 23, 1959, such inspection, and compliance with the provisions of section 1715c of this title, shall not be a prerequisite.

(1) With respect to any property covered by a mortgage insured under this section (or any cooperative housing project covered by a mortgage insured under section 1713 of this title as in effect prior to April 20, 1950), the Secretary is authorized, upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, to make commitments to insure and to insure supplementary cooperative loans (including advances during construction or improvement) made by financial institutions approved by the Secretary. The Secretary is further authorized to make commitments to insure and to insure supplementary cooperative loans (including advances during construction or improvement) with respect to any property purchased from the Federal Government by a nonprofit corporation or trust of the character described in paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of this section, if the property is covered by an uninsured mortgage representing a part of the purchase price. As used in this subsection “supplementary cooperative loan” means a loan, advance of credit, or purchase of an obligation representing a loan or advance of credit made for the purpose of financing any of the following:

(A) Improvements or repairs of the property covered by such mortgage;

(B) Community facilities necessary to serve the occupants of the property; or

(C) Cooperative purchases and resales of memberships in order to provide necessary refinancing for resales of memberships which involve increases in equity; but in such resales by the cooperative the downpayments by the new members shall not be less than those made on the original sales of such memberships.

(2) To be eligible for insurance under this subsection, a supplementary cooperative loan shall—

(A) be limited to an amount which, when added to the outstanding mortgage indebtedness on the property, creates a total outstanding indebtedness which does not exceed the original principal obligation of the mortgage; except that, in the case of improvements or additional community facilities, the outstanding indebtedness may be increased by an amount equal to 97 per centum of the amount which the Secretary estimates will be the value of such improvements or facilities, and the new outstanding indebtedness may exceed the original principal obligation of the mortgage if such new outstanding indebtedness does not exceed the limitations imposed by subsection (b) of this section;

(B) have a maturity satisfactory to the Secretary but not to exceed the remaining term of the mortgage; except that, in the case of repairs or improvements to a property covered by an uninsured mortgage dated more than twenty years prior to the date of the commitment to insure, of such magnitude that the Secretary deems them to be a major rehabilitation or modernization of such property, the loan may have a maturity date up to ten years in excess of the remaining term of the uninsured mortgage;

(C) be secured in such manner as the Secretary may require;

(D) contain such other terms, conditions, and restrictions as the Secretary may prescribe; and

(E) represent the obligation of a borrower of the character described in paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of this section.

There is hereby created a Cooperative Management Housing Insurance Fund (hereinafter referred to as the “Management Fund”). The Management Fund shall be used by the Secretary as a revolving fund for carrying out the provisions of this section with respect to mortgages or loans insured, on or after August 10, 1965, under subsections (a)(1), (a)(3) (if the project is acquired by a cooperative corporation), (i), and (j) of this section. The Management Fund shall also be used as a revolving fund for mortgages, loans, and commitments transferred to it pursuant to subsection (m) of this section. The Secretary is directed to transfer to the Management Fund from the General Insurance Fund an amount equal to the total of the premium payments theretofore made with respect to the insurance of mortgages and loans transferred to the Management Fund pursuant to subsection (m) of this section minus the total of any administrative expenses theretofore incurred in connection with such mortgages and loans, plus such other amounts as the Secretary determines to be necessary and appropriate. General expenses of operation of the Department of Housing and Urban Development relating to mortgages or loans which are the obligation of the Management Fund may be charged to the Management Fund.

The Secretary shall establish in the Management Fund, as of August 10, 1965, a General Surplus Account and a Participating Reserve Account. The aggregate net income thereafter received or any net loss thereafter sustained by the Management Fund, in any semiannual period, shall be credited or charged to the General Surplus Account or the Participating Reserve Account or both in such manner and amounts as the Secretary may determine to be in accord with sound actuarial and accounting practice. Upon termination of the insurance obligation of the Management Fund by payment of any mortgage or loan insured under this section, and at such time or times prior to such termination as the Secretary may determine, the Secretary is authorized to distribute to the mortgagor or borrower a share of the Participating Reserve Account in such manner and amount as the Secretary shall determine to be equitable and in accordance with sound actuarial and accounting practice: *Provided*, That in no event shall the amount of the distributable share exceed the aggregate scheduled annual premiums of the mortgagor or borrower to the year of payment of the share less the total amount of any share or shares previously distributed by the Secretary to the mortgagor or borrower: *And provided further*, That in no event may a distributable share be distributed until any funds transferred from the General Insurance Fund to the Management Fund pursuant to subsection (*o*) of this section have been repaid in full to the General Insurance Fund. No mortgagor, mortgagee, borrower, or lender shall have any vested right in a credit balance in any such account or be subject to any liability arising out of the mutuality of the Management Fund. The determination of the Secretary as to the amount to be paid by him to any mortgagor or borrower shall be final and conclusive.

The Secretary is authorized to transfer to the Management Fund commitments for insurance issued under subsections (a)(1), (i), and (j) of this section prior to August 10, 1965, and to transfer to the Management Fund the insurance of any mortgage or loan insured prior to August 10, 1965, under subsection (a)(1), (a)(3) (if the project is acquired by a cooperative corporation), (i), or (j) of this section: *Provided*, That the insurance of any mortgage or loan shall not be transferred under the provisions of this subsection if on August 10, 1965, the mortgage or loan is in default and the mortgagee or lender has notified the Secretary in writing of its intention to file an insurance claim. Any insurance or commitment not so transferred shall continue to be an obligation of the General Insurance Fund.

Notwithstanding the limitations contained in other provisions of this chapter, premium charges for mortgages or loans the insurance of which is the obligation of either the Management Fund or the General Insurance Fund may be payable in debentures issued in connection with mortgages or loans transferred to the Management Fund or in connection with mortgages or loans insured pursuant to commitments transferred to the Management Fund, as provided in subsection (m) of this section. Premium charges on the insurance of mortgages or loans transferred to the Management Fund or insured pursuant to commitments transferred to the Management Fund may be payable in debentures which are the obligation of either the Management Fund or the General Insurance Fund.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter the Secretary is authorized to transfer funds between the Cooperative Management Housing Insurance Fund and the General Insurance Fund in such amounts and at such times as he may determine, taking into consideration the requirements of each such Fund, to assist in carrying out effectively the insurance programs for which such Funds were respectively established. Moneys in the Cooperative Management Housing Insurance Fund not needed for current operations of the fund shall be deposited with the Treasurer of the United States to the credit of the Cooperative Management Housing Insurance Fund or invested in bonds or other obligations of, or in bonds or other obligations guaranteed as to principal and interest by, the United States or any agency of the United States: *Provided*, That such moneys shall to the maximum extent feasible be invested in such bonds or other obligations the proceeds of which will be used to directly support the residential mortgage market. The Secretary may, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, purchase in the open market debentures which are the obligations of the Cooperative Management Housing Insurance Fund. Such purchases shall be made at a price which will provide an investment yield of not less than the yield obtainable from other investments authorized by this subsection. Debentures so purchased shall be canceled and not reissued.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the project mortgage amounts which may be insured under this section may be increased by up to 20 per centum if such increase is necessary to account for the increased cost of the project due to the installation therein of a solar energy system (as defined in subparagraph (3) of the last paragraph of section 1703(a) of this title) or residential energy conservation measures (as defined in section 8211(11)(A) through (G) and (I) of title 42) 3 in cases where the Secretary determines that such measures are in addition to those required under the minimum property standards and will be cost-effective over the life of the measure.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §213, as added Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §114, 64 Stat. 54; amended Oct. 26, 1951, ch. 577, §4, 65 Stat. 648; June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §6, 67 Stat. 123; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §§119, 120, 68 Stat. 595, 596; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title I, §102(c)–(e), 69 Stat. 635; Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, title I, §105(a)–(c), 70 Stat. 1093, 1094; Pub. L. 85–104, title I, §112, July 12, 1957, 71 Stat. 297; Pub. L. 86–372, title I, §§105, 116(b), Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 655, 664; Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §608, June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 179; Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §§107(b), 109(a), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 774, 777; Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §§207(b), 208, title XI, §1108(g), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 467, 468, 505; Pub. L. 89–754, title III, §§303, 304, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1266, 1267; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(1), (3), (4), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 90–301, §3(c), May 7, 1968, 82 Stat. 114; Pub. L. 90–488, title III, §313, title XVII, §1722(e), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 511, 610; Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §113(c), Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 383; Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §117(b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1774; Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §§303(b), 304(b), (c), 311(b), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 677, 678, 683; Pub. L. 94–173, §3, Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 1027; Pub. L. 94–375, §8(a), (b)(2), Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1071; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §314, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1117; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §310(b), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1642; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §339B(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 417; Pub. L. 97–253, title II, §201(c), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 789; Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §101(g), Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1908; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §§404(b)(5), 423(b)(2), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1209, 1216; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §426(b), (h), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1915, 1916; Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §509(b), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3783; Pub. L. 103–233, title III, §306, Apr. 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 373; Pub. L. 106–74, title II, §221, Oct. 20, 1999, 113 Stat. 1076; Pub. L. 107–73, title II, §213(b), Nov. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 676; Pub. L. 107–326, §5(b)(2), Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2794; Pub. L. 108–186, title III, §302(b), (c)(2), Dec. 16, 2003, 117 Stat. 2692; Pub. L. 110–161, div. K, title II, §221(1), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2436.)

Section 1720 of this title, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(B)(i), was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §483(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1240.

Subsection (h) of section 1710 of this title, referred to in subsec. (e), was redesignated subsec. (i) by Pub. L. 105–276, title VI, §602(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2674.

Subsection (k) of section 1710 of this title, referred to in subsec. (e), was repealed by Pub. L. 105–276, title VI, §601(c), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2673.

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (g), (i), (n) and (*o*), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Section 8211 of title 42, referred to in subsec. (p), was omitted from the Code pursuant to section 8229 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, which terminated authority under that section on June 30, 1989.

**2007**—Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 110–161 substituted “170 percent” for “140 percent” after “not to exceed” in two places and “215 percent in high cost areas” for “170 percent in high cost areas”.

**2003**—Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 108–186, §302(c)(2), substituted “$41,207”, “$47,511”, “$57,300”, “$73,343”, “$81,708”, “$49,710”, “$60,446”, “$78,197”, and “$85,836” for “$38,025”, “$42,120”, “$50,310”, “$62,010”, “$70,200”, “$49,140”, “$60,255”, “ $75,465”, and “$85,328”, respectively.

Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 108–186, §302(b), substituted “140 percent in” for “110 percent in” and inserted “, or 170 percent in high cost areas,” after “and by not to exceed 140 percent”.

**2002**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 107–326 inserted subpar. (A) designation after “(2)” and substituted “; (B)(i) the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the dollar amount limitations in subparagraph (A) (as such limitations may have been adjusted in accordance with section 1712a of this title)” for “: *Provided further*, That the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the foregoing dollar amount limitations contained in this paragraph”, “; and (ii) in the case of a mortgagor” for “: *Provided further*, That in the case of a mortgagor”, “; and (iii) upon the sale of a property” for “: *And provided further*, That upon the sale of a property”, and “with this subparagraph (B)(i).” for “with this subsection without regard to the preceding proviso”.

**2001**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 107–73 substituted “$38,025”, “$42,120”, “$50,310”, “$62,010”, and “$70,200” for “$30,420”, “$33,696”, “$40,248”, “$49,608”, and “$56,160”, respectively, and “$43,875”, “$49,140”, “$60,255”, “$75,465”, and “$85,328” for “$35,100”, “$39,312”, “$48,204”, “$60,372”, and “$68,262”, respectively.

**1999**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–74 inserted at end “Nothing in this section may be construed to prevent membership in a nonprofit housing cooperative from being held in the name of a trust, the beneficiary of which shall occupy the dwelling unit in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary.”.

**1994**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 103–233 substituted “$56,160” for “$59,160”.

**1992**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–550 substituted “$30,420”, “$33,696”, “$40,248”, “$49,608”, and “$59,160” for “$25,350”, “$28,080”, “$33,540”, “$41,340”, and “$46,800”, respectively, and “$35,100”, “$39,312”, “$48,204”, “$60,372”, and “$68,262” for “$29,250”, “$32,760”, “$40,170”, “$50,310”, and “$56,885”, respectively.

**1988**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 100–242 substituted “$25,350”, “$28,080”, “$33,540”, “$41,340”, and “$46,800” for “$19,500”, “$21,600”, “$25,800”, “$31,800”, and “$36,000”, respectively, and “$29,250”, “$32,760”, “$40,170”, “$50,310”, and “$56,885” for “$22,500”, “$25,200”, “$30,900”, “$38,700”, and “$43,758”, respectively, and substituted “not to exceed 110 percent in any geographical area where the Secretary finds that cost levels so require and by not to exceed 140 percent where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project-by-project basis, but in no case may any such increase exceed 90 percent where the Secretary determines that a mortgage purchased or to be purchased by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions under section 1720 of this title (as such section existed immediately before November 30, 1983) is involved” for “not to exceed 75 per centum in any geographical area where he finds that cost levels so require, except that, where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project by project basis, the foregoing dollar amount limitations contained in this paragraph may be exceeded by not to exceed 90 per centum (by not to exceed 140 per centum where the Secretary determines that a mortgage other than one purchased or to be purchased under section 1720 of this title by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions is involved) in such an area”.

**1983**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 98–181, §423(b)(2), struck out “: *Provided further*, That the foregoing maximum mortgage amounts may be increased by the amount of the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured” after “involved) in such area”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–181, §404(b)(5), substituted provision that the interest rate for the mortgage be such a rate as agreed upon by the mortgagor and mortgagee for provision that the rate of interest, exclusive of premium charges for insurance, not exceed 5¼ per centum per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time, or not exceed such per centum per annum not in excess of 6 per centum per annum as the Secretary finds necessary to meet the mortgage market.

**1982**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 97–377 inserted “(by not to exceed 140 per centum where the Secretary determines that a mortgage other than one purchased or to be purchased under section 1720 of this title by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions is involved)” after “90 per centum”.

Pub. L. 97–253 inserted provision that the foregoing maximum mortgage amounts may be increased by the amount of the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured.

**1981**—Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 97–35 inserted “therein” after “installation” and struck out “therein” after “measure”.

**1980**—Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 96–399 added subsec. (p).

**1979**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 96–153 in second proviso substituted “75 per centum” for “50 per centum”, and inserted exception that the dollar amount limitations may be exceeded not to exceed 90 per centum where the Secretary determines it necessary.

**1976**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 94–375 substituted “50 per centum in any geographical area” for “75 per centum in any geographical area”, “$19,500” for “$13,000”, “$21,600” for “$18,000”, “$25,800” for “$21,500”, “$31,800” for “$26,500”, “$36,000” for “$30,000”, “$22,500” for “$15,000”, “$25,200” for “$21,000”, “$30,900” for “$25,750”, “$38,700” for “$32,250”, and “$43,758” for “$36,465”.

**1975**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 94–173 raised from 45 per centum to 75 per centum the amount by which any dollar limitation may, by regulation, be increased.

**1974**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 93–383, §304(b), struck out par. (1) which set forth limits on principal obligation of not to exceed $20,000,000, or not to exceed $25,000,000 if mortgage is executed by a mortgagor regulated under Federal, State, local laws.

Subsec. (b)(2), Pub. L. 93–383, §§303(b), 311(b), substituted “$13,000” for “$9,900”, “$15,000” for “$11,550”, “$18,000” for “$13,750”, “$21,000” for “$16,500”, “$21,500” for “$16,500”, “$25,750” for “$19,800”, “$26,500” for “$20,350”, “$30,000” for “$23,100”, “$32,250” for “$24,750”, “$36,465” for “$28,050”, and “98 per centum” for “97 per centum”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–383, §304(c), struck out “not to exceed $12,500,000 and” after “an amount”.

**1970**—Subsec. (*o*). Pub. L. 91–609 provided for guarantee as to principal and interest by any agency of the United States and for investment of monies in bonds or other obligations the proceeds of which will be used to directly support the residential mortgage market.

**1969**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 91–152 substituted “$9,900” for “$9,000”, “$11,550” for “$10,500”, “$13,750” for “$12,500”, “$16,500” for “$15,000” wherever appearing, “$19,800” for “$18,000”, “$20,350” for “$18,500”, “$23,100” for “$21,000”, “$24,750” for “$22,500”, and “$28,050” for “$25,500”.

**1968**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–301 substituted provisions limiting interest rate on mortgages to such per centum per annum not in excess of 6 per centum as the Secretary finds necessary to meet the mortgage market for former provisions limiting the rate to 5¾ per centum per annum on individual mortgages covering individual dwellings in the project.

Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 90–448, §313(1), authorized the Secretary to make commitments to insure and to insure supplementary cooperative loans with respect to any property purchased from the Federal Government by a nonprofit corporation or trust of the character described in subsec. (a) (1) of this section, if the property is covered by an uninsured mortgage representing a part of the purchase price.

Subsec. (j)(2)(B). Pub. L. 90–448, §313(2), permitted the loan to have a maturity date up to ten years in excess of the remaining term of the uninsured mortgage in the case of repairs or improvements to a property covered by an uninsured mortgage dated more than twenty years prior to the date of the commitment to insure, of such magnitude that the Secretary deems them to be a major rehabilitation or modernization of such property.

Subsec. (*o*). Pub. L. 90–448, §1722(e), required deposit with the Treasurer or investment in bonds or other obligations of, or in bonds or obligations guaranteed as to principal and interest by, the United States, of moneys in the Cooperative Management Housing Insurance Fund not needed for current operations of the fund, authorized purchase in the open market of debentures which are obligations of the fund, and directed that debentures so purchased be canceled and not reissued.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a), (a)(3), (b)(2), (d), (f), (h), (i), (j)(1), (2)(B), (C), (k) to (m), and (*o*).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(4), substituted “Secretary's” for “Commissioner's”.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(1), substituted “Department of Housing and Urban Development” for “Federal Housing Administration”.

**1966**—Subsec. (j)(2)(A). Pub. L. 89–754, §304, provided that, in case of improvements or additional community facilities, the outstanding indebtedness may be increased by an amount equal to 97 per centum of the amount which the Secretary estimates will be the value of such improvements or facilities, and the new outstanding indebtedness may exceed the original principal obligation of the mortgage if such new outstanding indebtedness does not exceed the limitations imposed by subsec. (b) of this section.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 89–754, §303(c)(1), directed the Secretary rather than the Commissioner to transfer to the Management Fund from the General Insurance Fund an amount equal to the total of the premium payments theretofore made with respect to the insurance of mortgages and loans transferred to the Management Fund pursuant to subsec. (m) of this section minus the total of any administrative expenses theretofore incurred in connection with such mortgages and loans.

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 89–754, §303(c)(2), struck out reference to subsec. (k) in second proviso.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 89–754, §303(a), struck out before the proviso “, but only in cases where the consent of the mortgagee or lender to the transfer is obtained or a request by the mortgagee or lender for the transfer is received by the Commissioner within such period of time after August 10, 1965, as the Commissioner shall prescribe”.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 89–754, §303(b), substituted “the insurance of which is the obligation of either the Management Fund or the General Insurance Fund” for “insured under this section and sections 1713, 1715v and 1715w of this title” and inserted provision for payment of premium charges on the insurance of mortgages or loans transferred to the Management Fund or insured pursuant to commitments transferred to the Management Fund in debentures which are the obligation of either the Management Fund or the General Insurance Fund.

**1965**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–117, §§208(b)(1), 1108(g)(1), inserted proviso construing reference to General Insurance Fund in section 1713(b)(2) of this title as a reference to Management Fund and substituted “Cooperative Management Housing Insurance Fund” for “Housing Fund” in par. (3).

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 89–117, §207(b)(1), substituted “$18,500 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $21,000 per family unit with four or more bedrooms” for “and $18,500 per family unit with three or more bedrooms” and “$22,500 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $25,500 per family unit with four or more bedrooms” for “and $22,500 per family unit with three or more bedrooms”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 89–117, §207(b)(2), struck out limitation which prohibited the principal obligation from exceeding a sum equal to the maximum amount which does not exceed either of the limitations on the amount of the principal obligations of the mortgage prescribed by par. (2) of subsec. (b) of this section.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 89–177, §§208(b)(2), 1108(g)(2), inserted proviso construing all references to General Insurance Fund as references to Management Fund and all references to section 1713 of this title as references to subsecs. (a)(1), (a)(3), (i) and (j) of this section and struck out reference to subsecs. (m) and (p) of section 1713 of this title.

Subsecs. (k) to (*o*). Pub. L. 89–117, §208(a), added subsecs. (k) to (*o*).

**1964**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 88–560, §107(b), changed limits on mortgages for property or project attributable to dwelling use from “$2,500 per room (or $9,000 per family unit if the number of rooms in such property or project is less than four per family unit)” to “$9,000 per family unit without a bedroom, $12,500 per family unit with one bedroom, $15,000 per family unit with two bedrooms, and $18,500 per family unit with three or more bedrooms”, changed such mortgage limits on project consisting of elevator-type structures from a sum “of $2,500 per room to not exceed $3,000 per room and the dollar amount limitation of $9,000 per family unit to not exceed $9,400 per family unit” to dollar amount limitations “per family unit to not to exceed $10,500 per family unit without a bedroom, $15,000 per family unit with one bedroom, $18,000 per family unit with two bedrooms, and $22,500 per family unit with three or more bedrooms”, and substituted provision authorizing an increase “by not to exceed 45 per centum” of any of such limits because of cost levels for former provision authorizing such an increase “by not to exceed $1,250 per room without regard to the number of rooms being less than four, or four or more”.

Subsec. (j)(1)(C). Pub. L. 88–560, §109(a), added cl. (C).

**1961**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 87–70, §608(a)(1), inserted “(excluding exterior land improvements as defined by the Commissioner)”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 87–70, §608(a)(2), substituted “five or more family units” for “eight or more family units”.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 87–70, §608(a)(3), substituted “the Commissioner is authorized to refuse, for such period of time as he shall deem appropriate under the circumstances, to insure under this section any additional investor-sponsor type mortgage loans made to such mortgagor or to any other investor-sponsor mortgagor where, in the determination of the Commissioner, any of its stockholders were identified with such mortgagor” for “such mortgagor shall not thereafter be eligible by reason of such paragraph (3) for insurance of any additional mortgage loans pursuant to this section”.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 87–70, §608(b), added subsec. (j).

**1959**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 86–372, §105(a), substituted “$20,000,000” for “$12,500,000”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 86–372, §105(b), increased mortgage limits per room from $2,250 to $2,500 and per family unit from $8,100 to $9,000 for elevator type structures from $2,700 to $3,000 per room and from $8,400 to $9,400 per family unit, maximum amount of loan from 90 per centum to 97 per centum of replacement cost and in case of a mortgagor of character described in subsec. (a)(3) of this section from 85 per centum to 90 per centum of replacement cost, changed authorization of Commissioner to increase dollar amount limitation per room where cost levels so require by increasing room limit from $1,000 to $1,250, and struck out provisions which authorized a loan of 95 per centum of replacement cost if 50 per centum of membership consisted of veterans.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 86–372, §105(c), (d), substituted “5¼ per centum” for “4½ per centum” and “5¾ per centum”, for “5 per centum”, and inserted provisions permitting property held by a corporation or trust of the character described in subsec. (a)(2) of this section which is covered by a mortgage insured under this section to include such community facilities, and property held by a mortgagor of the character described in subsec. (a)(3) of this section which is covered by a mortgage insured under this section to include such commercial and community facilities, as the Commissioner deems adequate to serve the occupants.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 86–372, §116(b), inserted reference to subsec. (k) of section 1710 of this title.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 86–372, §105(e), added subsec. (i).

**1957**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 85–104 substituted “(h), and (j) of section 1710 of this title” for “and (h) of section 1710 of this title”.

**1956**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §105(a), struck out “or” at end of par. (1), inserted “or” at end of par. (2), added par. (3), and inserted “referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection” after “which corporations or trusts” in provisions following par. (3).

Subsec. (b)(2). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §105(b), substituted “50 per centum” for “65 per centum”, inserted for purposes of defining “veteran”; service from Apr. 6, 1917, to Nov. 12, 1918, substituted service prior to Feb. 1, 1955, for former provision leaving determination of date to President, and inserted provision authorizing Commissioner to increase dollar limits per room by not to exceed $1,000 per room.

Subsec. (h). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §105(c), added subsec. (h).

**1955**—Subsec. (b)(1). Act Aug. 11, 1955, §102(c), increased from $5,000,000 to $12,500,000 the limitation on maximum amount of a mortgage.

Subsec. (b)(2). Act Aug. 11, 1955, §102(d), provided that maximum amount of a mortgage to be insured may be determined on basis of estimated replacement cost.

Subsec. (c). Act Aug. 11, 1955, §102(c), increased from $5,000,000 to $12,500,000 the limitation on maximum amount of a mortgage.

Subsec. (d). Act Aug. 11, 1955, §102(e), authorized mortgage insurance for structures consisting of eight or more family units.

**1954**—Subsec. (b)(1). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §119(a), permitted insured cooperative housing mortgages to be as high as $25,000,000 in amount if the mortgagor cooperative is regulated or supervised by Federal or State law as to rents, charges, and methods of operations.

Subsec. (b)(2). Act Aug. 2, 1954, amended par. (2) generally, to:

1. Change, with respect to nonveteran projects, the per family or per room mortgage amount limitations from $8,100 per family unit or $1,800 per room, to $2,250 per room and with a per family unit limitation of $8,100 applicable only if the number of rooms is less than four;

2. Provide for changing from a cost basis to a valuation basis;

3. Change the basis for allowing increases for veteran membership so that in all cases such increases would be made only if 65 per cent of members are veterans, instead of making such increases on the basis of percentage allowances for percentage of veteran membership; and

4. Authorize an increase to the per room and per family mortgage amount limitation for elevator-type structures.

Subsec. (c)(1). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §119(b), with respect to the reference to section 1709(b)(2) of this title, struck out the reference to “paragraph (A), paragraph (C), or paragraph (D)” of the section, the paragraph designations having been struck out by another section of the same act.

Subsec. (f). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §120, struck out sentence providing for the appointment of an Assistant Commissioner.

**1953**—Subsec. (d). Act June 30, 1953, substituted, in first sentence, “4½ per centum per annum, except that individual mortgages insured pursuant to this subsection covering the individual dwellings in the project may bear interest at not to exceed 5 per centum per annum,” for “4 per centum per annum”.

**1951**—Subsec. (b)(2). Act Oct. 26, 1951, struck out “of World War II” wherever appearing and inserted proviso thus making section applicable to veterans of Korean war.

For effective date of amendment by section 423(b)(2) of Pub. L. 98–181, see section 423(c) of Pub. L. 98–181, set out as a note under section 1709 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–253 to be implemented only if the Secretary determines that the program of advance payment of insurance premiums, considering the effect of said amendment, is actuarially sound, see section 201(g) of Pub. L. 97–253, set out as a note under section 1709 of this title.

The directory language of, but not the amendment made by, Pub. L. 90–301, §3(c), May 7, 1968, 82 Stat. 114, cited as a credit to this section, was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §404(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1208.

Section 102(h) of act Aug. 11, 1955, as amended by Pub. L. 89–754, title X §1020(h), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1296; Pub. L. 94–375, §18, Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1077, provided that: “In the performance of, and with respect to, the functions, powers, and duties vested in him by section 213 of the National Housing Act [this section], section 221(d)(3), section 235, section 236, section 241, section 243, section 246, and section 203(n) of the National Housing Act [sections 1715*l*(d)(3), 1715z, 1715z–1, 1715z–6, 1715z–8, 1715z–11, and 1709(n) of this title], and section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 [section 1701s of this title] or section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [section 1437f of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] (insofar as the provisions of such sections relate to cooperative housing), the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, shall appoint a Special Assistant for Cooperative Housing, and provide the Special Assistant with adequate staff, whose sole responsibility will be to expedite operations under such sections and to eliminate obstacles to the full utilization of such sections under the direction and supervision of the Commissioner and Assistant Secretary for Housing Management. The person so appointed shall be fully sympathetic with the purposes of such sections.”

Equitable application of amendment to subsec. (b)(2) of this section by section 107(b) of Pub. L. 88–560 or pre-amendment provisions to projects submitted for consideration prior to Sept. 2, 1964, see section 107(g) of Pub. L. 88–560, set out as a note under section 1713 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

3 See References in Text note below.

The Secretary is authorized to process applications and issue commitments with respect to insurance of mortgages under section 1706c of this title and subchapter II, VI, VIII, or X of this chapter, even though the permanent mortgage financing may not be insured under this chapter, and in the event the mortgage is not so insured the Secretary is authorized to charge an additional application fee determined by him to be reasonable. The Secretary is authorized to make such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §215, as added Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §115, 64 Stat. 56; amended Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title II, §204, 65 Stat. 303; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

**1951**—Act Sept. 1, 1951, inserted a reference to subchapter X of this chapter.

The Secretary is hereby authorized to insure any mortgage otherwise eligible for insurance under any of the provisions of this chapter without regard to any requirement with respect to the occupancy of the mortgagor of the property at the time of insurance, where the Secretary is satisfied that the inability of the mortgagor to meet such requirement is by reason of his entry on active duty in a uniformed service subsequent to the filing of an application for insurance and the mortgagor expresses an intent to meet such requirement upon his release from active duty.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §216, as added Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title VI, §607, 65 Stat. 315; amended Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 91–621, §7(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1865; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §406(b)(8), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1901.)

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–242 substituted “with respect to the occupancy of the mortgagor” for “that the mortgagor be the occupant” and “meet such requirement” for “occupy the property” wherever appearing.

**1970**—Pub. L. 91–621 substituted “on active duty in a uniformed service” and “release from active duty” for “into military service” and “discharge from military service”.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–242 applicable only with respect to mortgages insured pursuant to conditional commitment issued on or after Feb. 5, 1988, or in accordance with direct endorsement program (24 CFR 200.163), if approved underwriter of mortgagee signs appraisal report for property on or after Feb. 5, 1988, see section 406(d) of Pub. L. 100–242, set out as a note under section 1709 of this title.

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §217, as added Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title VI, §607, 65 Stat. 315; amended July 14, 1952, ch. 723, §2, 66 Stat. 601; June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §7, 67 Stat. 123; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §121, 68 Stat. 596; Mar. 11, 1955, ch. 10, 69 Stat. 11; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title I, §102(f), 69 Stat. 636; Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, title I, §106, 70 Stat. 1094; June 4, 1958, Pub. L. 85–442, 72 Stat. 176; Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–372, title I, §107, 73 Stat. 657; May 25, 1961, Pub. L. 87–38, 75 Stat. 85; June 30, 1961, Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §604(c), 75 Stat. 177; Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §202(b), 79 Stat. 465; Sept. 30, 1969, Pub. L. 91–78, §2(b), 83 Stat. 125; Dec. 24, 1969, Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §101(b), 83 Stat. 379; Oct. 2, 1970, Pub. L. 91–432, §1(b), 84 Stat. 887; Oct. 21, 1970, Pub. L. 91–473, §1(b), 84 Stat. 1064; Dec. 1, 1970, Pub. L. 91–525, §1(b), 84 Stat. 1384; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §101(b), 84 Stat. 1770; Oct. 18, 1972, Pub. L. 92–503, §1(b), 86 Stat. 906; Aug. 10, 1973, Pub. L. 93–85, §1(b), 87 Stat. 220; Oct. 2, 1973, Pub. L. 93–117, §1(b), 87 Stat. 421; Aug. 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §316(b), 88 Stat. 685; June 30, 1977, Pub. L. 95–60, §1(b), 91 Stat. 257; July 31, 1977, Pub. L. 95–80, §1(b), 91 Stat. 339; Oct. 12, 1977, Pub. L. 95–128, title III, §301(b), 91 Stat. 1131; Sept. 30, 1978, Pub. L. 95–406, §1(b), 92 Stat. 879; Oct. 31, 1978, Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §301(b), 92 Stat. 2096; Sept. 28, 1979, Pub. L. 96–71, §1(b), 93 Stat. 501; Nov. 8, 1979, Pub. L. 96–105, §1(b), 93 Stat. 794; Dec. 21, 1979, Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §301(b), 93 Stat. 1111; Oct. 3, 1980, Pub. L. 96–372, §1(b), 94 Stat. 1363; Oct. 8, 1980, Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §301(b), 94 Stat. 1638; Aug. 13, 1981, Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §331(b), 95 Stat. 412; Oct. 6, 1982, Pub. L. 97–289, §1(b), 96 Stat. 1230; May 26, 1983, Pub. L. 98–35, §1(b), 97 Stat. 197; Oct. 1, 1983, Pub. L. 98–109, §1(b), 97 Stat. 745; Nov. 30, 1983, Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §401(b), 97 Stat. 1207; Oct. 17, 1984, Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(a)(5), 98 Stat. 2232; Oct. 8, 1985, Pub. L. 99–120, §1(b), 99 Stat. 502; Nov. 15, 1985, Pub. L. 99–156, §1(b), 99 Stat. 815; Dec. 26, 1985, Pub. L. 99–219, §1(b), 99 Stat. 1730; Mar. 27, 1986, Pub. L. 99–267, §1(b), 100 Stat. 73; Apr. 7, 1986, Pub. L. 99–272, title III, §3007(b), 100 Stat. 104; May 2, 1986, Pub. L. 99–289, §1(b), 100 Stat. 412; June 24, 1986, Pub. L. 99–345, §1, 100 Stat. 673; Sept. 30, 1986, Pub. L. 99–430, 100 Stat. 986; Sept. 30, 1987, Pub. L. 100–122, §1, 101 Stat. 793; Nov. 5, 1987, Pub. L. 100–154, 101 Stat. 890; Nov. 17, 1987, Pub. L. 100–170, 101 Stat. 914; Dec. 3, 1987, Pub. L. 100–179, 101 Stat. 1018; Dec. 21, 1987, Pub. L. 100–200, 101 Stat. 1327, prohibited (except with respect to insurance of a loan or mortgage pursuant to section 1703, 1715*l*, 1715z, 1715z–1, 1715z–9, or 1715z–10 of this title or subchapter VIII, IX–A, or IX–B of this chapter (subject to any limitations thereunder on the time of such insurance)) the insurance of any loan or mortgage under this chapter after Mar. 15, 1988, except pursuant to a commitment to insure before such date.

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §218, as added July 14, 1952, ch. 723, §8, 66 Stat. 603, authorized a credit for application fees paid in cases where an application for mortgage insurance under section 1743 of this title was received on or before March 1, 1950, and the mortgagee applied for insurance of a mortgage under section 1713 of this title with respect to the same property or project.

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §219, as added June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §8, 67 Stat. 123; amended Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §122, 68 Stat. 596; July 12, 1957, Pub. L. 85–104, title I, §113, 71 Stat. 298; June 30, 1961, Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §612(f), 75 Stat. 181, authorized the Commissioner to transfer funds from one or more to one or more of the following funds and accounts as he deems necessary to carry out programs for which such funds and accounts were established: Title I Insurance Account, Title I Housing Insurance Fund, Section 203 Home Improvement Account, Housing Insurance Fund, War Housing Insurance Fund, Housing Investment Insurance Fund, Armed Services Housing Mortgage Insurance Fund, National Defense Housing Insurance Fund, Section 220 Housing Insurance Fund, Section 220 Home Improvement Account, Section 221 Housing Insurance Fund, Experimental Housing Insurance Fund, Apartment Unit Insurance Fund, and the Servicemen's Mortgage Insurance Fund.

For establishment of the General Insurance Fund, see section 1735c of this title.

The purpose of this section is to aid in the elimination of slums and blighted conditions and the prevention of the deterioration of residential property by supplementing the insurance of mortgages under sections 1709 and 1713 of this title with a system of loan and mortgage insurance designed to assist the financing required for the rehabilitation of existing dwelling accommodations and the construction of new dwelling accommodations where such dwelling accommodations are located in an area referred to in paragraph (1) of subsection (d) of this section.

The Secretary is authorized, upon application by the mortgagee, to insure, as hereinafter provided, any mortgage (including advances during construction on mortgages covering property of the character described in paragraph (3)(B) of subsection (d) of this section) which is eligible for insurance as hereinafter provided, and, upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, to make commitments for the insurance of such mortgages prior to the date of their execution or disbursement thereon.

As used in this section, the terms “mortgage”, “first mortgage”, “mortgagee”, “mortgagor”, “maturity date”, and “State” shall have the same meaning as in section 1707 of this title.

To be eligible for insurance under this section a mortgage shall meet the following conditions:

(1) The mortgaged property shall—

(A) be located in (i) the area of a slum clearance and urban redevelopment project covered by a Federal-aid contract executed or a prior approval granted, pursuant to title I of the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1450 et seq.] before August 2, 1954, or (ii) an urban renewal area (as defined in title I of the Housing Act of 1949, as amended), or (iii) the area of an urban renewal project assisted under section 111 of the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1462], or (iv) an area in which a program of concentrated code enforcement activities is being carried out pursuant to section 117 of the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1468], or (v) an area, designated by the Secretary, where concentrated housing, physical development, and public service activities are being or will be carried out in a coordinated manner, pursuant to a locally developed strategy for neighborhood improvement, conservation, or preservation: *Provided*, That, in the case of an area within the purview of clause (i) or (ii) of this subparagraph, a redevelopment plan or an urban renewal plan (as defined in title I of the Housing Act of 1949, as amended), as the case may be, has been approved for such area by the governing body of the locality involved and by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, and the Secretary has determined that such plan conforms to a general plan for the locality as a whole and that there exist the necessary authority and financial capacity to assure the completion of such redevelopment or urban renewal plan: *And provided further*, That, in the case of an area within the purview of clause (iii) of this subparagraph, an urban renewal plan (as required for projects assisted under such section 111 [42 U.S.C. 1462]) has been approved for such area by such governing body and by the Secretary, and the Secretary has determined that such plan conforms to definite local objectives respecting appropriate land uses, improved traffic, public transportation, public utilities, recreational and community facilities, and other public improvements, and that there exist the necessary authority and financial capacity to assure the completion of such urban renewal plan, and

(B) meet such standards and conditions as the Secretary shall prescribe to establish the acceptability of such property for mortgage insurance under this section.

(2) The mortgaged property shall be held by—

(A) a mortgagor approved by the Secretary, and the Secretary may in his discretion require such mortgagor to be regulated or restricted as to rents or sales, charges, capital structure, rate of return and methods of operation, and for such purpose the Secretary may make such contracts with and acquire for not to exceed $100 stock or interest in any such mortgagor as the Secretary may deem necessary to render effective such restriction or regulations. Such stock or interest shall be paid for out of the General Insurance Fund and shall be redeemed by the mortgagor at par upon the termination of all obligations of the Secretary under the insurance; or

(B) by Federal or State instrumentalities, municipal corporate instrumentalities of one or more States, or limited dividend or redevelopment or housing corporations or other legal entities restricted by or under Federal or State laws or regulations of State banking or insurance departments as to rents, charges, capital structure, rate of return, or methods of operation.

(3) The mortgage shall—

(A)(i) involve a principal obligation (including such initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees as the Secretary shall approve) in an amount not to exceed the applicable maximum principal obligation which may be insured in the area under section 1709(b) of this title; or in the case of a dwelling designed principally for residential use for more than four families (but not exceeding such additional number of family units as the Secretary may prescribe) the applicable maximum principal obligation secured by a four-family residence which may be insured in the area under section 1709(b) of this title plus not to exceed $9,165 for each additional family unit in excess of four located on such property; and not to exceed an amount equal to the sum of (1) 97 per centum (but, in any case where the dwelling is not approved for mortgage insurance prior to the beginning of construction, unless the construction of the dwelling was completed more than one year prior to the application for mortgage insurance, 90 per centum) of $25,000 of the Secretary's estimate of replacement cost of the property, as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance and (2) 95 per centum of such value in excess of $25,000: *Provided*, That in the case of properties other than new construction, the foregoing limitations upon the amount of the mortgage shall be based upon the sum of the estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation and the Secretary's estimate of the value of the property before repair and rehabilitation rather than upon the Secretary's estimate of the replacement cost: *Provided further*, That if the mortgagor is a veteran and the mortgage to be insured under this section covers property upon which there is located a dwelling designed principally for a one-family residence, the principal obligation may be in an amount equal to the sum of (1) 100 per centum of $25,000 of the Secretary's estimate of replacement cost of the property, as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance and (2) 95 per centum of such value in excess of $25,000. As used herein, the term “veteran” means any person who served on active duty in the Armed Forces of the United States for a period of not less than ninety days (or is certified by the Secretary of Defense as having performed extrahazardous service), and who was discharged or released therefrom under conditions other than dishonorable, except that persons enlisting in the armed forces after September 7, 1980, or entering active duty after October 16, 1981, shall have their eligibility determined in accordance with section 5303A(d) of title 38; and

(ii) in no case involving refinancing have a principal obligation in an amount exceeding the sum of the estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation and the amount (as determined by the Secretary) required to refinance existing indebtedness secured by the property or project, plus any existing indebtedness incurred in connection with improving, repairing, or rehabilitating the property; or

(B)(i) Repealed. Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §304(d), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 678.

(ii) not exceed 90 per centum of the amount which the Secretary estimates will be the replacement cost of the property or project when the proposed improvements are completed (the replacement cost of the property or project may include the land, the proposed physical improvements, utilities within the boundaries of the property or project, architect's fees, taxes, and interest during construction, and other miscellaneous charges incident to construction and approved by the Secretary, and shall include an allowance for builder's and sponsor's profit and risk of 10 per centum of all of the foregoing items except the land unless the Secretary, after certification that such allowance is unreasonable, shall by regulation prescribe a lesser percentage: *Provided*, That in the case of properties other than new construction, the foregoing limitations upon the amount of the mortgage shall be based upon the sum of the estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation and the Secretary's estimate of the value of the property before repair and rehabilitation rather than upon the Secretary's estimate of the replacement cost: *Provided further*, That the mortgage may involve the financing of the purchase of property which has been rehabilitated by a local public agency with Federal assistance pursuant to section 110(c)(8) of the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1460(c)(8)], and, in such case the foregoing limitations upon the amount of the mortgage shall be based upon the appraised value of the property as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance;

(iii)(I) not exceed, for such part of the property or project as may be attributable to dwelling use (excluding exterior land improvements as defined by the Secretary), $38,025 per family unit without a bedroom, $42,120 per family unit with one bedroom, $50,310 per family unit with two bedrooms, $62,010 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $70,200 per family unit with four or more bedrooms; except that as to projects to consist of elevator-type structures the Secretary may, in his discretion, increase the dollar amount limitations per family unit to not to exceed $43,875 per family unit without a bedroom, $49,140 per family unit with one bedroom, $60,255 per family unit with two bedrooms, $75,465 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $85,328 per family unit with four or more bedrooms, as the case may be, to compensate for the higher costs incident to the construction of elevator-type structures of sound standards of construction and design; and (II) with respect to rehabilitation projects involving not more than five family units, the Secretary may by regulation increase by 25 per centum any of the dollar amount limitations in subparagraph (B)(iii)(I) (as such limitations may have been adjusted in accordance with section 1712a of this title) which are applicable to units with two, three, or four or more bedrooms; (III) the Secretary may, by regulation, increase the dollar amount limitations contained in subparagraph (B)(iii)(I) (as such limitations may have been adjusted in accordance with section 1712a of this title) by not to exceed 170 percent in any geographical area where the Secretary finds that cost levels so require and by not to exceed 170 percent, or 215 percent in high cost areas, where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project-by-project basis, but in no case may any such increase exceed 90 percent where the Secretary determines that a mortgage purchased or to be purchased by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions under section 1720 1 of this title (as such section existed immediately before November 30, 1983) is involved; (IV) That nothing contained in this 2 subparagraph (B)(iii)(I) shall preclude the insurance of mortgages covering existing multifamily dwellings to be rehabilitated or reconstructed for the purposes set forth in subsection (a) of this section; (V) the Secretary may further increase any of the dollar limitations which would otherwise apply to such projects by not to exceed 20 per centum if such increase is necessary to account for the increased cost of the project due to the installation therein of a solar energy system (as defined in subparagraph (3) of the last paragraph of section 1703(a) of this title) or residential energy conservation measures (as defined in section 8211(11)(A) through (G) and (I) of title 42) 1 in cases where the Secretary determines that such measures are in addition to those required under the minimum property standards and will be cost-effective over the life of the measure; and

(iv) include such nondwelling facilities as the Secretary deems desirable and consistent with the urban renewal plan or, where appropriate, with the locally developed strategy for neighborhood improvement, conservation or preservation: *Provided*, That the project shall be predominantly residential and any nondwelling facility included in the mortgage shall be found by the Secretary to contribute to the economic feasibility of the project, and the Secretary shall give due consideration to the possible effect of the project on other business enterprises in the community.

(4) The mortgage shall provide for complete amortization by periodic payments (unless otherwise approved by the Secretary) within such terms as the Secretary may prescribe, but as to mortgages coming within the provisions of paragraph (3)(A) of this subsection not to exceed the maximum maturity prescribed by the provisions of section 1709(b)(3) of this title. The mortgage shall bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee and contain such terms and provisions with respect to the application of the mortgagor's periodic payment to amortization of the principal of the mortgage, insurance, repairs, alterations, payment of taxes, default reserves, delinquency charges, foreclosure proceedings, anticipation of maturity, additional and secondary liens, and other matters as the Secretary may in the Secretary's discretion prescribe.

The Secretary may at any time, under such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, consent to the release of the mortgagor from his liability under the mortgage or the credit instrument secured thereby, or consent to the release of parts of the mortgaged property from the lien of the mortgage.

The mortgagee shall be entitled to receive the benefits of the insurance as hereinafter provided—

(1) as to mortgages meeting the requirements of paragraph (3)(A) of subsection (d) of this section as provided in section 1710(a) of this title with respect to mortgages insured under section 1709 of this title, and the provisions of subsections (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h),2 (j), and (k) 1 of section 1710 of this title shall be applicable to such mortgages insured under this section, except that all references therein to the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund or the Fund shall be construed to refer to the General Insurance Fund and all references therein to section 1709 of this title shall be construed to refer to this section;

(2) as to mortgages meeting the requirements of paragraph (3)(B) of subsection (d) of this section, as provided in section 1713(g) of this title with respect to mortgages insured under said section 1713, and the provisions of subsections (h), (i), (j), (k), and (*l*) of section 1713 of this title shall be applicable to such mortgages insured under this section, and all references therein to the Housing Insurance Fund or the Housing Fund shall be construed to refer to the General Insurance Fund; or

(3) as to mortgages meeting the requirements of this section that are insured or initially endorsed for insurance on or after June 30, 1961, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection, the Secretary in his discretion, in accordance with such regulations as he may prescribe, may make payments pursuant to such paragraphs in cash or in debentures (as provided in the mortgage insurance contract), or may acquire a mortgage loan that is in default and the security therefor upon payment to the mortgagee in cash or in debentures (as provided in the mortgage insurance contract) of a total amount equal to the unpaid principal balance of the loan plus any accrued interest and any advances approved by the Secretary and made previously by the mortgagee under the provisions of the mortgage. After the acquisition of the mortgage by the Secretary the mortgagee shall have no further rights, liabilities, or obligations with respect to the loan or the security for the loan. The appropriate provisions of sections 1710 and 1713 of this title relating to the rights, liabilities, and obligations of a mortgagee shall apply with respect to the Secretary when he has acquired an insured mortgage under this paragraph, in accordance with and subject to regulations (modifying such provisions to the extent necessary to render their application for such purposes appropriate and effective) which shall be prescribed by the Secretary, except that as applied to mortgages so acquired (A) all references in section 1710 of this title to the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund or the Fund shall be construed to refer to the General Insurance Fund, and (B) all references in section 1710 of this title to section 1709 of this title shall be construed to refer to this section. If the insurance payment is made in cash, there shall be added to such payment an amount equivalent to the interest which the debentures would have earned, computed to a date to be established pursuant to regulations issued by the Secretary.

(1) To assist further in the conservation, improvement, repair, and rehabilitation of property located in the area of an urban renewal project or in an area in which a program of concentrated code enforcement activities is being carried out pursuant to section 117 of the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1468], as provided in paragraph (1) of subsection (d) of this section, the Secretary is authorized upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe to make commitments to insure and to insure home improvement loans (including advances during construction or improvement) made by financial institutions on and after June 30, 1961. As used in this subsection—

(A) the term “home improvement loan” means a loan, advance of credit, or purchase of an obligation representing a loan or advance of credit made—

(i) for the purpose of financing the improvement of an existing structure (or in connection with an existing structure) which was constructed not less than ten years prior to the making of such loan, advance of credit, or purchase, and which is used or will be used primarily for residential purposes: *Provided*, That a home improvement loan shall include a loan, advance, or purchase with respect to the improvement of a structure which was constructed less than ten years prior to the making of such loan, advance, or purchase if the proceeds are or will be used primarily for major structural improvements, or to correct defects which were not known at the time of the completion of the structure or which were caused by fire, flood, windstorm, or other casualty; or

(ii) for the purpose of enabling the borrower to pay that part of the cost of the construction or installation of sidewalks, curbs, gutters, street paving, street lights, sewers, or other public improvements, adjacent to or in the vicinity of property owned by him and used primarily for residential purposes, which is assessed against him or for which he is otherwise legally liable as the owner of such property;

(B) the term “improvement” means conservation, repair, restoration, rehabilitation, conversion, alteration, enlargement, or remodeling; and

(C) the term “financial institution” means a lender approved by the Secretary as eligible for insurance under section 1703 of this title or a mortgagee approved under section 1709(b)(1) of this title.

(2) To be eligible for insurance under this subsection, a home improvement loan shall—

(i) not exceed the Secretary's estimate of the cost of improvement, or $12,000 per family unit, whichever is the lesser, and be limited as required by paragraph (11): *Provided*, That the Secretary may, by regulation, increase such amount by not to exceed 45 per centum in any geographical area where he finds that cost levels so require;

(ii) be limited to an amount which when added to any outstanding indebtedness related to the property (as determined by the Secretary) creates a total outstanding indebtedness which does not exceed the limits provided in subsection (d)(3) of this section for properties (of the same type) other than new construction;

(iii) bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee;

(iv) have a maturity satisfactory to the Secretary, but not to exceed twenty years from the beginning of amortization of the loan;

(v) comply with such other terms, conditions, and restrictions as the Secretary may prescribe; and

(vi) represent the obligation of a borrower who is the owner of the property improved, or a lessee of the property under a lease for not less than 99 years which is renewable or under a lease having an expiration date in excess of 10 years later than the maturity date of the loan.

(3) Any home improvement loan insured under this subsection may be refinanced and extended in accordance with such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, but in no event for an additional amount or term in excess of the maximum provided for in this subsection.

(4) Repealed. Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(h)(3), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 505.

(5) The Secretary is authorized to fix a premium charge for the insurance of home improvement loans under this subsection but in the case of any such loan such charge shall not be less than an amount equivalent to one-half of 1 per centum per annum nor more than an amount equivalent to 1 per centum per annum of the amount of the principal obligation of the loan outstanding at any time, without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments. Such premium charges shall be payable by the financial institution either in cash or in debentures (at par plus accrued interest) issued by the Secretary as obligations of the General Insurance Fund, in such manner as may be prescribed by the Secretary, and the Secretary may require the payment of one or more such premium charges at the time the loan is insured, at such discount rate as he may prescribe not in excess of the interest rate specified in the loan. If the Secretary finds upon presentation of a loan for insurance and the tender of the initial premium charge or charges so required that the loan complies with the provisions of this subsection, such loan may be accepted for insurance by endorsement or otherwise as the Secretary may prescribe. In the event the principal obligation of any loan accepted for insurance under this subsection is paid in full prior to the maturity date, the Secretary is authorized to refund to the financial institution for the account of the borrower all, or such portions as he shall determine to be equitable, of the current unearned premium charges theretofore paid.

(6) In cases of defaults on loans insured under this subsection, upon receiving notice of default, the Secretary, in accordance with such regulations as he may prescribe, may acquire the loan and any security therefor upon payment to the financial institution in cash or in debentures (as provided in the loan insurance contract) of a total amount equal to the unpaid principal balance of the loan, plus any accrued interest, any advances approved by the Secretary made previously by the financial institution under the provisions of the loan instruments, and reimbursement for such collection costs, court costs, and attorney fees as may be approved by the Secretary. If the insurance payment is made in cash, there shall be added to such payment an amount equivalent to the interest which the debentures would have earned, computed to a date to be established pursuant to regulations issued by the Secretary.

(7) Debentures issued under this subsection shall be executed in the name of the General Insurance Fund as obligor, shall be negotiable, and, if in book entry form, transferable, in the manner described by the Secretary in regulations, and shall be dated as of the date the loan is assigned to the Secretary and shall bear interest from that date. They shall bear interest at a rate established by the Secretary pursuant to section 1715*o* of this title, payable semiannually on the 1st day of January and the 1st day of July of each year, and shall mature ten years after their date of issuance. They shall be exempt from taxation as provided in section 1713(i) of this title with respect to debentures issued under that section. They shall be paid out of the General Insurance Fund which shall be primarily liable therefor and they shall be fully and unconditionally guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States, and, in the case of debentures issued in certificated registered form, the guaranty shall be expressed on the face of the debentures. In the event the General Insurance Fund fails to pay upon demand, when due, the principal of or interest on any debentures so guaranteed, the Secretary of the Treasury shall pay to the holders the amount thereof which is authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, and thereupon, to the extent of the amounts so paid, the Secretary of the Treasury shall succeed to all the rights of the holders of such debentures. Debentures issued under this subsection shall be in such form and amounts; shall be subject to such terms and conditions; and shall include such provisions for redemption, if any, as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury; and may be in book entry or certificated registered form, or such other form as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may prescribe in regulations.

(8) The provisions of subsections (c), (d), and (h) of section 1703 of this title shall apply to home improvement loans insured under this subsection, and for the purposes of this subsection references in subsections (c), (d), and (h) of section 1703 of this title to “this section” or “this subchapter” shall be construed to refer to this subsection.

(9)(A) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter, no home improvement loan executed in connection with the improvement of a structure for use as rental accommodations for five or more families shall be insured under this subsection unless the borrower has agreed (i) to certify, upon completion of the improvement and prior to final endorsement of the loan, either that the actual cost of improvement equaled or exceeded the proceeds of the home improvement loan, or the amount by which the proceeds of the loan exceed the actual cost, as the case may be, and (ii) to pay forthwith to the financial institution, for application to the reduction of the principal of the loan, the amount, if any, certified to be in excess of the actual cost of improvement. Upon the Secretary's approval of the borrower's certification as required under this paragraph, the certification shall be final and incontestable, except for fraud or material misrepresentation on the part of the borrower.

(B) As used in subparagraph (A), the term “actual cost” means the cost to the borrower of the improvement, including the amounts paid for labor, materials, construction contracts, off-site public utilities, streets, organization and legal expenses, such allocations of general overhead items as are acceptable to the Secretary, and other items of expense approved by the Secretary, plus a reasonable allowance for builder's profit if the borrower is also the builder, as defined by the Secretary, and excluding the amount of any kickbacks, rebates, or trade discounts received in connection with the improvement.

(10) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the Secretary is authorized and empowered (i) to make expenditures and advances out of funds made available by this chapter to preserve and protect his interest in any security for, or the lien or priority of the lien securing, any loan or other indebtedness owing to, insured by, or acquired by the Secretary or by the United States under this subsection, or section 1703 or 1709(k) of this title; and (ii) to bid for and to purchase at any foreclosure or other sale or otherwise acquire property pledged, mortgaged, conveyed, attached, or levied upon to secure the payment of any loan or other indebtedness owing to or acquired by the Secretary or by the United States under this subsection or section 1703 or 1709(k) of this title. The authority conferred by this paragraph may be exercised as provided in the last sentence of section 1710(g) of this title.

(11) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, no home improvement loan made in whole or in part for the purpose specified in clause (A)(ii) of the second sentence of paragraph (1) shall be insured under this subsection if such loan (or the portion thereof which is attributable to such purpose), when added to the aggregate principal balance of any outstanding loans insured under this subsection or section 1709(k) of this title which were made to the same borrower for the purpose so specified (or the portion of such aggregate balance which is attributable to such purpose), would exceed $10,000 or such additional amount as the Secretary has by regulation prescribed in any geographical area where he finds cost levels so require pursuant to the authority vested in him by the proviso in paragraph (2)(i) of this subsection.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §220, as added Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §123, 68 Stat. 596; amended Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title I, §102(c), (g), 69 Stat. 635, 636; Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, title I, §107, title III, §307(b), 70 Stat. 1094, 1102; Pub. L. 85–10, §3, Mar. 27, 1957, 71 Stat. 8; Pub. L. 85–104, title I, §§102, 112, July 12, 1957, 71 Stat. 295, 297; Pub. L. 85–364, §1(b), Apr. 1, 1958, 72 Stat. 73; Pub. L. 86–372, title I, §§109, 116(b), Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 657, 664; Pub. L. 87–70, title I, §102(a), title VI, §§609, 612(g), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 154, 179, 181; Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §§105(c)(1), 107(c), 110–113, Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 772, 775, 777, 778; Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §§207(c), 209–211, title III, §311(c), (d), title XI, §1108(h), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 467, 469, 470, 478, 505; Pub. L. 89–754, title III, §§305, 306, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1267; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (4), (g), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17, 18; Pub. L. 90–448, title III, §311(a), title XVII, §1722(g), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 510, 611; Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §§102(b), 104, 113(d), Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 380, 381, 384; Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §§302(b), 303(c), 304(d), 310(b), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 676–678, 682; Pub. L. 94–173, §3, Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 1027; Pub. L. 94–375, §8(a), (b)(3), Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1071, 1072; Pub. L. 95–24, title I, §105(b), Apr. 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 56; Pub. L. 95–128, title III, §§303(b), 304(b), Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1132, 1133; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §§312(b), 314, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1116, 1117; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §§310(c), 311, 333(b), 336(b), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1642, 1643, 1653, 1654; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §339B(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 417; Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §101(g), Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1908; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §§404(b)(6), (7), 432(a), 446(c), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1209, 1220, 1228; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §§405(2), 406(b)(9), 426(c), (h), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1899, 1901, 1916; Pub. L. 102–40, title IV, §402(d)(2), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 239; Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §§509(c), 516(c), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3783, 3791; Pub. L. 103–233, title III, §306, Apr. 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 373; Pub. L. 107–73, title II, §213(c), Nov. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 676; Pub. L. 107–326, §5(b)(3), Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2795; Pub. L. 108–186, title III, §302(b),(d), Dec. 16, 2003, 117 Stat. 2692; Pub. L. 108–213, §2, Apr. 1, 2004, 118 Stat. 571; Pub. L. 110–161, div. K, title II, §221(2), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2436.)

The Housing Act of 1949, as amended, referred to in subsecs. (d)(1)(A), (B)(ii), and (h)(1), is act July 15, 1949, ch. 338, 63 Stat. 413, as amended. Title I of the Housing Act of 1949, which was classified generally to subchapter II (§1450 et seq.) of chapter 8A of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, including sections 110, 111, and 117 [42 U.S.C. 1460, 1462, 1468], was omitted from the Code pursuant to section 5316 of Title 42 which terminated the authority to make loans or grants under such title I after Jan. 1, 1975. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1441 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section 1720 of this title, referred to in subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii)(III), was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §483(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1240.

Section 8211 of title 42, referred to in subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii)(V), was omitted from the Code pursuant to section 8229 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, which terminated authority under that section on June 30, 1989.

Subsection (h) of section 1710 of this title, referred to in subsec. (f)(1), was redesignated subsec. (i) by Pub. L. 105–276, title VI, §602(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2674.

Subsection (k) of section 1710 of this title, referred to in subsec. (f)(1), was repealed by Pub. L. 105–276, title VI, §601(c), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2673.

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (h)(9) to (11), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

**2007**—Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii)(III). Pub. L. 110–161 substituted “section 1712a of this title) by not to exceed 170 percent in any geographical area where the Secretary finds that cost levels so require and by not to exceed 170 percent, or 215 percent in high cost areas, where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project-by-project basis” for “section 1712a of this title)) by not to exceed 140 percent in any geographical area where the Secretary finds that cost levels so require and by not to exceed 140 percent, or 170 percent in high cost areas, where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project-by-project basis”.

**2004**—Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii)(V). Pub. L. 108–213 struck out “with respect to rehabilitation projects involving not more than five family units,” after “(V)”.

**2003**—Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 108–186 substituted “; (III)” for “with respect to dollar amount limitations applicable to rehabilitation projects described in subclause (II),”, redesignated subcls. (III) and (IV) as (IV) and (V), respectively, substituted “140 percent in” for “110 percent in”, and inserted “, or 170 percent in high cost areas,” after “and by not to exceed 140 percent”.

**2002**—Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 107–326 inserted subcl. (I) designation after “(iii)” and substituted “design; and (II)” for “design; and except that”, “any of the dollar amount limitations in subparagraph (B)(iii)(I) (as such limitations may have been adjusted in accordance with section 1712a of this title)” for “any of the foregoing dollar amount limitations contained in this clause”, “with respect to dollar amount limitations applicable to rehabilitation projects described in subclause (II), the Secretary may, by regulation, increase the dollar amount limitations contained in subparagraph (B)(iii)(I) (as such limitations may have been adjusted in accordance with section 1712a of this title)” for “: *Provided*, That the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the foregoing dollar amount limitations contained in this clause (as determined after the application of the preceding proviso”, “; (III)” for “: *Provided further*,”, “subparagraph (B)(iii)(I) shall preclude” for “subparagraph shall preclude”, and “; (IV) with respect to rehabilitation projects involving not more than five family units, the Secretary may further increase any of the dollar limitations which would otherwise apply to such projects” for “: *And provided further*, That the Secretary may further increase any of the dollar amount limitations which would otherwise apply for the purpose of this clause”.

**2001**—Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 107–73 substituted “$38,025”, “$42,120”, “$50,310”, “$62,010”, and “$70,200” for “$30,420”, “$33,696”, “$40,248”, “$49,608”, and “$56,160”, respectively, and “$43,875”, “$49,140”, “$60,255”, “$75,465”, and “$85,328” for “$35,100”, “$39,312”, “$48,204”, “$60,372”, and “$68,262”, respectively.

**1994**—Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 103–233 substituted “$56,160” for “$59,160”.

**1992**—Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 102–550, §509(c), substituted “$30,420”, “$33,696”, “$40,248”, “$49,608”, and “$59,160” for “$25,350”, “$28,080”, “$33,540”, “$41,340”, and “$46,800”, respectively, and “$35,100”, “$39,312”, “$48,204”, “$60,372”, and “$68,262” for “$29,250”, “$32,760”, “$40,170”, “$50,310”, and “$56,885”, respectively.

Subsec. (h)(7). Pub. L. 102–550, §516(c), in first sentence, substituted “shall be negotiable, and, if in book entry form, transferable, in the manner described by the Secretary in regulations” for “shall be signed by the Secretary, by either his written or engraved signature, shall be negotiable”, in fourth sentence, substituted “and, in the case of debentures issued in certificated registered form, the guaranty” for “and the guaranty”, inserted after fifth sentence “Debentures issued under this subsection shall be in such form and amounts; shall be subject to such terms and conditions; and shall include such provisions for redemption, if any, as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury; and may be in book entry or certificated registered form, or such other form as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may prescribe in regulations.” and struck out at end “Debentures issued under this subsection shall be in such form and denominations in multiples of $50, shall be subject to such terms and conditions, and shall include such provisions for redemption, if any, as may be prescribed by the Secretary with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, and they may be in coupon or registered form. Any difference between the amount of the debentures to which the financial institution is entitled, and the aggregate face value of the debentures issued, not to exceed $50, shall be adjusted by the payment of cash by the Secretary to the financial institution from the General Insurance Fund.”

**1991**—Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 102–40 substituted “section 5303A(d) of title 38” for “section 3103A(d) of title 38”.

**1988**—Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 100–242, §405(2), inserted before semicolon at end “, except that persons enlisting in the armed forces after September 7, 1980, or entering active duty after October 16, 1981, shall have their eligibility determined in accordance with section 3103A(d) of title 38”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(ii) to (iv). Pub. L. 100–242, §406(b)(9), redesignated former cl. (iv) as (ii) and struck out “(except as provided in cl. (iii))”, and struck out former cls. (ii) and (iii) which read as follows:

“(ii) in a case where the mortgagor is not the occupant of the property and intends to hold the property for rental purposes, have a principal obligation in an amount not to exceed 93 per centum of the amount computed under the provisions of clause (i);

“(iii) in a case where the mortgagor is not the occupant of the property and intends to hold the property for the purpose of sale, have a principal obligation in an amount not to exceed 85 per centum of the amount computed under the provisions of clause (i), or in the alternative, in an amount equal to the amount computed under the provisions of clause (i) if the mortgagor and mortgagee assume responsibility in a manner satisfactory to the Secretary for the reduction of the mortgage by an amount not less than 15 per centum of the outstanding principal amount thereof, or by such greater amount as may be required to meet the limitations of clause (iv), in the event the mortgaged property is not, prior to the due date of the eighteenth amortization payment of the mortgage, sold to a purchaser acceptable to the Secretary who is the occupant of the property and who assumes and agrees to pay the mortgage indebtedness; and”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 100–242, §426(c), (h), substituted “$25,350”, “$28,080”, “$33,540”, “$41,340”, and “$46,800” for “$19,500”, “$21,600”, “$25,800”, “$31,800”, and “$36,000”, respectively, and “$29,250”, “$32,760”, “$40,170”, “$50,310”, and “$56,885” for “$22,500”, “$25,200”, “$30,900”, “$38,700”, and “$43,758”, respectively, and substituted “not to exceed 110 percent in any geographical area where the Secretary finds that cost levels so require and by not to exceed 140 percent where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project-by-project basis, but in no case may any such increase exceed 90 percent where the Secretary determines that a mortgage purchased or to be purchased by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions under section 1720 of this title (as such section existed immediately before November 30, 1983) is involved” for “not to exceed 75 per centum in any geographical area where he finds that cost levels so require, except that, where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project by project basis, the foregoing dollar amount limitations contained in this paragraph may be exceeded by not to exceed 90 per centum (by not to exceed 140 per centum where the Secretary determines that a mortgage other than one purchased or to be purchased under section 1720 of this title by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions is involved) in such an area”.

**1983**—Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 98–181, §432(a), struck out proviso that in no case involving refinancing would the mortgage exceed the estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation and the amount, as determined by the Secretary, required to refinance existing indebtedness secured by the property or project.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 98–181, §404(b)(6), substituted provision that the interest rate be at such rate as agreed upon by the mortgagor and mortgagee for provision that the interest rate, exclusive of premium charges for insurance and service charges if any, not exceed 5 per centum per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time, or not exceed such per centum per annum not in excess of 6 per centum as the Secretary finds necessary to meet the mortgage market.

Pub. L. 98–181, §446(c), inserted “(unless otherwise approved by the Secretary)” after “periodic payments”.

Subsec. (h)(2)(iii). Pub. L. 98–181, §404(b)(7), substituted provision that the rate of interest be such rate as agreed upon by the mortgagor and mortgagee for provision that the rate of interest not exceed the rate prescribed by the Secretary, but not in excess of 6 per centum per annum of the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time, and such other charges as approved by the Secretary.

**1982**—Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 97–377 inserted “(by not to exceed 140 per centum where the Secretary determines that a mortgage other than one purchased or to be purchased under section 1720 of this title by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions is involved)” after “90 per centum”.

**1981**—Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 97–35 inserted “therein” after “installation” and struck out “therein” after “measure”.

**1980**—Subsec. (d)(1)(A)(v). Pub. L. 96–399, §311(a), added cl. (v).

Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 96–399, §336(b), substituted provisions relating to the applicable maximum principal obligation which may be insured in the area under section 1709(b) of this title, for provisions setting forth dollar amounts of $67,500 for one-family property, $76,000 for two-family, $92,000 for three-family, and $107,000 for four-family or more than four-family, and substituted “$9,165” for “$8,250”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 96–399, §310(c), inserted proviso relating to increases in dollar amount limitations.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 96–399, §311(b), inserted provisions relating to locally developed strategy for neighborhood improvement, etc.

Subsec. (h)(2)(iv). Pub. L. 96–399, §333(b), struck out “or three-quarters of the remaining economic life of the structure, whichever is the lesser” after “loan”.

**1979**—Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 96–153, §312(b), substituted “$67,500” for “$60,000”, “$76,000” for “$65,000” where it first appeared, “$92,000” for “$65,000” where it appeared the second time, “$107,000” for “$75,000”, and “$8,250” for “$7,700”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 96–153, §314, in first proviso substituted “75 per centum” for “50 per centum” and inserted exception that the dollar amount limitations may be exceeded not to exceed 90 per centum where the Secretary determines it to be necessary.

**1977**—Subsec. (d)(1)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 95–24 struck out “in a community respecting which the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development has made the determination provided for by section 101(c) of the Housing Act of 1949, as amended” after “(as defined in title I of the Housing Act of 1949, as amended)”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(A). Pub. L. 95–128 substituted “$60,000” for “$45,000”, “$65,000” for “$48,750” and “$75,000” for “$56,000” wherever appearing in provisions preceding cl. (1); substituted in text preceding first proviso “and (2) 95 per centum of such value in excess of $25,000” for “, (2) 90 per centum of such replacement cost in excess of $25,000 but not in excess of $35,000, (3) 80 per centum of such replacement cost in excess of $35,000” and in second proviso “and (2) 95 per centum of such value in excess of $25,000” for “, (2) 90 per centum of such replacement cost in excess of $25,000 but not in excess of $35,000, and (3) 85 per centum of such replacement cost in excess of $35,000”.

**1976**—Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 94–375 substituted “50 per centum in any geographical area” for “75 per centum in any geographical area”, “$19,500” for “$13,000”, “$21,600” for “$18,000”, “$25,800” for “$21,500”, “$31,800” for “$26,500”, “$36,000” for “$30,000”, “$22,500” for “$15,000”, “$25,200” for “$21,000”, “$30,900” for “$25,750”, “$38,700” for “$32,250”, and “$43,758” for “$36,465”.

**1975**—Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 94–173 raised from 45 per centum to 75 per centum the amount by which any dollar limitation may, by regulation, be increased.

**1974**—Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 93–383, §302(b), substituted “$45,000” for “$33,000”, “$48,750” for “$35,750”, and “$56,000” for “$41,250” wherever appearing in provisions preceding cl. (1).

Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(i)(1). Pub. L. 93–383, §310(b)(1), substituted “$25,000” for “$15,000”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(i)(2). Pub. L. 93–383, §310(b)(2), substituted “$25,000” for “$15,000” and “$35,000” for “$25,000”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(i)(3). Pub. L. 93–383, §310(b)(3), substituted “$35,000” for “$25,000”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(i). Pub. L. 93–383, §304(d), struck out cl. (i) which set forth mortgage ceiling of $50,000,000.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 93–383, §303(c), substituted “$13,000” for “$9,900”, “$15,000” for “$11,550”, “$18,000” for “$13,750”, “$21,000” for “$16,500”, “$21,500” for “$16,500”, “$25,750” for “$19,800”, “$26,500” for “$20,350”, “$30,000” for “$23,100”, “$32,250” for “$24,750”, and “$36,465” for “$28,050”.

**1969**—Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 91–152, §§102(b), 113(d)(1), substituted “$7,700” for “$7,000”, “$25,000” for “$20,000” wherever appearing, “$33,000” for “$30,000”, “$35,750” for “$32,500”, and “$41,250” for “$37,500” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(i). Pub. L. 91–152, §104, substituted provisions that the mortgage not exceed $50,000,000 for provisions that the mortgage not exceed $30,000,000, or, if executed by a mortgagor within subsec. (d)(2)(B) of this section, not exceed $50,000,000.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 91–152, §113(d)(2), (3), substituted “$9,900” for “$9,000”, “$11,550” for “$10,500”, “$13,750” for “$12,500”, “$16,500” for “$15,000” wherever appearing, “$19,800” for “$18,000”, “$20,350” for “$18,500”, “$23,100” for “$21,000”, “$24,750” for “$22,500”, and “$28,050” for “$25,000”.

Subsec. (h)(2)(i). Pub. L. 91–152, §113(d)(4), substituted “$12,000” for “$10,000”.

**1968**—Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 90–448, §1722(g), substituted “corporations or other legal entities restricted by or under” for “corporations restricted by”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 90–448, §311(a), inserted proviso to permit the mortgage to involve the financing of the purchase of property which has been rehabilitated by a local public agency with Federal assistance pursuant to section 1460(c)(8) of Title 42.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (b), (d)(1)(B), (d)(2)(A), (d)(3)(A)(i), (iii), (iv), (d)(3) (B)(ii) to (iv), (d)(4), (e), (f)(3), (h) (1), (h)(1)(C), (h)(2)(i) to (v), (h)(3), (5) to (7), (h)(9)(B), and (h)(10), (11).

Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(4), substituted “Secretary's” for “Commissioner's” wherever appearing in subsecs. (d)(3)(A)(i)(B), (ii) and (h)(2)(i), (9)(A).

Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(g)(1)–(4), substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” and “Secretary” for “Housing and Home Finance Administrator” and “Administrator” wherever appearing, “determination” for “certification to the Commissioner”, and “determined” for “certified to the Commissioner” wherever appearing, respectively.

**1966**—Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 89–754, §305, increased the rate in cl. (3) from 75 to “80 per centum of such replacement cost in excess of $20,000” and inserted proviso respecting mortgage limits of a mortgagor who is a veteran and the mortgage to be insured covers property upon which there is located a dwelling designed principally for a one-family residence and definition of “veteran”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 89–754, §306, provided that with respect to rehabilitation projects involving not more than five family units, the Secretary may by regulation increase by 25 per centum any of the dollar amount limitations contained in this clause which are applicable to units with two, three, or four or more bedrooms, inserted “as determined after the application of the preceding proviso” before “by not to exceed 45 per centum”, and substituted “*Provided further*, That nothing” for “*Provided*, That nothing”.

**1965**—Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 89–117, §311(c), inserted cl. (iv).

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(h)(1), substituted “the General Insurance Fund” for “the section 220 Housing Insurance Fund” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 89–117, §209(1), struck out a second proviso which, in a case involving refinancing, prohibited the mortgage to exceed the estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation and the amount required to refinance existing indebtedness secured by the property or project.

Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 89–117, §209(2), substituted provisions prohibiting the mortgage, in a case where the mortgagor is not the occupant of the property and intends to hold the property for rental purposes, to have a principal obligation in an amount in excess of 93 per centum of the amount computed under the provisions of cl. (i) for provisions which prohibited the mortgage, in a case where a mortgagor is not the occupant of the property, to have a principal obligation in excess of an amount equal to 85 per centum of the amount computed under cl. (i).

Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(iii), (iv). Pub. L. 89–117, §209(2), added cls. (iii) and (iv).

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 89–117, §207(c), substituted “$18,500 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $21,000 per family unit with four or more bedrooms” for “and $18,500 per family unit with three or more bedrooms” and “$22,500 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $25,500 per family unit with four or more bedrooms” for “and $22,500 per family unit with three or more bedrooms”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 89–117, §210, substituted “desirable and consistent with the urban renewal plan” for “adequate to serve the needs of the occupants of the property and of other housing in the neighborhood”, and inserted proviso.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(h)(1), (2), substituted “the General Insurance Fund” for “the section 220 Housing Insurance Fund” wherever appearing and, in par. (3), struck out provision that, as to mortgages acquired hereunder, all references in section 1713 of this title to the Housing Insurance Fund, the Housing Fund, or the Fund shall be construed to refer to the section 220 Housing Insurance Fund.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(h)(3), repealed subsec. (g) which created the section 220 Housing Insurance Fund, provided for transfer of funds thereto, and authorized purchase and cancellation of debentures and the receipt and payment of charges and fees.

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 89–117, §311(d), inserted “or in an area in which a program of concentrated code enforcement activities is being carried out pursuant to section 1468 of title 42”.

Subsec. (h)(2)(i). Pub. L. 89–117, §211(a), inserted proviso permitting the Commissioner by regulation to increase the amount by not to exceed 45 per centum in any geographical area where he finds that cost levels so require.

Subsec. (h)(4). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(h)(3), repealed par. which created the Home Improvement Account and provided for the transfer of funds thereto, credit and charges to such Account, and disposition of surplus moneys.

Subsec. (h)(5), (7). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(h)(4), substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “section 220 Home Improvement Account” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (h)(11). Pub. L. 89–117, §211(b), inserted “or such additional amount as the Commissioner has by regulation prescribed in any geographical area where he finds cost levels so require pursuant to the authority vested in him by proviso in paragraph (2)(i) of this subsection”.

**1964**—Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 88–560, §110, increased the maximum amount of the principal obligation for one-family residences from $25,000 to $30,000, for two-family residences from $27,500 to $32,500, for three-family residences from $30,000 to $32,500, for four-family residences from $35,000 to $37,500, and for more-than-four-family residences from $35,000 to $37,500.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(i). Pub. L. 88–560, §111, substituted “$30,000,000” for “$20,000,000”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 88–560, §107(c), changed limits on mortgages for property or project attributable to dwelling use from “$2,500 per room (or $9,000 per family unit if the number of rooms in such property or project is less than four per family unit)” to “$9,000 per family unit without a bedroom, $12,500 per family unit with one bedroom, $15,000 per family unit with two bedrooms, and $18,500 per family unit with three or more bedrooms”, changed such mortgage limits on project consisting of elevator-type structures from a sum “of $2,500 per room to not exceed $3,000 per room and the dollar amount limitation of $9,000 per family unit to not exceed $9,400 per family unit” to dollar amount limitations “per family unit to not to exceed $10,500 per family unit without a bedroom, $15,000 per family unit with one bedroom, $18,000 per family unit with two bedrooms, and $22,500 per family unit with three or more bedrooms”, and substituted provision authorizing an increase “by not to exceed 45 per centum” of any of such limits because of cost levels for former provision authorizing such an increase “by not to exceed $1,250 per room without regard to the number of rooms being less than four, or four or more”.

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 88–560, §105(c)(1), inserted “If the insurance payment is made in cash, there shall be added to such payment an amount equivalent to the interest which the debentures would have earned, computed to a date to be established pursuant to regulations issued by the Commissioner”.

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 88–560, §112(a), designated definitions of “home improvement loan”, “improvement”, and “financial institution” in second sentence as cls. (A)(i), (B), and (C), respectively, and added cl. (A)(ii) to definition of “home improvement loan”.

Subsec. (h)(2)(i). Pub. L. 88–560, §112(b), inserted “, and be limited as required by paragraph (11) of this subsection”.

Subsec. (h)(2)(vi). Pub. L. 88–560, §113, substituted “an expiration date in excess of 10 years later than the maturity date of the loan” for “a period of not less than 50 years to run from the date of the loan”.

Subsec. (h)(6). Pub. L. 88–560, §105(c)(1), inserted “If the insurance payment is made in cash, there shall be added to such payment an amount equivalent to the interest which the debentures would have earned, computed to a date to be established pursuant to regulations issued by the Commissioner”.

Subsec. (h)(11). Pub. L. 88–560, §112(c), added par. (11).

**1961**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–70, §102(a)(2), substituted “loan and mortgage insurance” for “mortgage insurance”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 87–70, §§102(a)(1), 609, increased the maximum amount of the principal obligation for one-family residences from $22,500 to $25,000, and for two-family residences from $25,000 to $27,500, substituted “$15,000” for “$13,500” in two places, “$20,000” for “$18,000” in two places, “75 per centum” for “70 per centum”, and “shall be based upon the sum of the estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation and the Commissioner's estimate of the value of the property before repair and rehabilitation rather than upon the Commissioner's estimate of the replacement cost” for “shall be based upon appraised value rather than upon the Commissioner's estimate of the replacement cost” in proviso relating to limitations upon the amount of the mortgage in the case of properties other than new construction, and inserted proviso which limits, in cases involving refinancing, the amount of the mortgage to not more than the estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation and the amount (as determined by the Commissioner) required to refinance existing indebtedness secured by the property or project.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 87–70, §102(a)(1), substituted “shall be based upon the sum of the estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation and the Commissioner's estimate of the value of the property before repair and rehabilitation rather than upon the Commissioner's estimate of the replacement cost” for “shall be based upon appraised value rather than upon the Commissioner's estimate of the replacement cost” in proviso relating to limitations upon the amount of the mortgage in the case of properties other than new construction, and inserted the proviso which limits, in cases involving refinancing, the amount of the mortgage to not more than the estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation and the amount (as determined by the Commissioner) required to refinance existing indebtedness secured by the property or project.

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 87–70, §612(g), added par. (3).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 87–70, §102(a)(3), added subsec. (h).

**1959**—Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 86–372, §109(a)(1), (2), increased the maximum amount of the principal obligation for one-family residences from $20,000 to $22,500, for two-family residences from $20,000 to $25,000, and for three-family residences from $27,500 to $30,000, and increased the maximum amount of loans over $13,500 from 85 percent of the value in excess of $13,500 but not in excess of $16,000 to 90 percent of the value in excess of $13,500 but not in excess of $18,000.

Pub. L. 86–372, §109(a)(3), inserted proviso in subsec. (d)(3)(A)(ii) making the 85 per centum limitation inapplicable if the mortgagor and mortgagee assume responsibility for the reduction of the mortgage by an amount not less than 15 per centum of the outstanding principal amount thereof in the event the mortgaged property is not, prior to the due date of the 18th amortization payment of the mortgage, sold to a purchaser acceptable to the Commissioner who is the occupant of the property and who assumes and agrees to pay the mortgage indebtedness.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(i). Pub. L. 86–372, §109(b), substituted “$20,000,000” for “$12,500,000”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 86–372, §109(c)–(e), inserted “(excluding exterior land improvements as defined by the Commissioner)” after “dwelling use”, and substituted “$2,500” for “$2,250” in two places, “$9,000” for “$8,100” in two places, “$3,000” for “$2,700”, “$9,400” for “$8,400”, and “$1,250” for “$1,000”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 86–372, §109(e), added cl. (iv).

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 86–372, §116(b), inserted reference to subsec. (k) of section 1710 of this title.

**1958**—Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 85–364 substituted “$13,500” for “$10,000” in two places.

**1957**—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 85–104, §102, amended provisions generally, and, among other changes, raised maximum mortgage obligation from 95 to 97 percent, inserted “unless the construction of the dwelling was completed more than one year prior to the application for mortgage insurance”, and as to estimated replacement cost, raised figure from $9,000 to $10,000 and provided for 85 percent of such replacement cost in excess of $10,000 and 70 percent in excess of $16,000, in lieu of former provisions allowing 75 percent of such cost in excess of $9,000 with Presidential authority to increase dollar amounts to $10,000.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 85–10 substituted “without regard to the number of rooms being less than four, or four or more” for “or per family unit, as the case may be”, in second proviso.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 85–104, §112, substituted “(h), and (j) of section 1710 of this title” for “and (h) of section 1710 of this title”.

**1956**—Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §307(b), provided mortgage insurance assistance for urban renewal areas under section 1462 of this title without requiring the programs required of areas in cl. (i) or cl. (ii).

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(ii). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §107(a), inserted “, and shall include an allowance for builder's and sponsor's profit and risk of 10 per centum of all of the foregoing items except the land unless the Commissioner, after certification that such allowance is unreasonable, shall by regulation prescribe a lesser percentage” after “approved by the Secretary”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §107(b), substituted “*Provided further*” for “except”, substituted “any of the foregoing dollar amount limitations” for “the foregoing limits” and inserted “or per family unit, as the case may be,” after “$1,000 per room”.

**1955**—Subsec. (d)(3)(A). Act Aug. 11, 1955, §102(g)(1), provided that the maximum amount of a mortgage to be insured may be determined on the bases of estimated replacement cost, and required determination upon appraised value in case of properties other than new construction.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B). Act Aug. 11, 1955, §102(c), (g)(2), increased from $5,000,000 to $12,500,000 the limitation on the maximum amount of a mortgage, provided that the maximum amount of a mortgage to be insured may be determined on the bases of estimated replacement cost, and required determination upon appraised value in case of properties other than new construction.

Amendment by section 406(b)(9) of Pub. L. 100–242 applicable only with respect to mortgages insured pursuant to conditional commitment issued on or after Feb. 5, 1988, or in accordance with direct endorsement program (24 CFR 200.163), if approved underwriter of mortgagee signs appraisal report for property on or after Feb. 5, 1988, see section 406(d) of Pub. L. 100–242, set out as a note under section 1709 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

For limitation on the number of dwelling units with mortgages not providing for complete amortization pursuant to authority granted by amendment to subsec. (d)(4) by section 446 of Pub. L. 98–181, see section 446(f) of Pub. L. 98–181, set out as a note under section 1713 of this title.

Equitable application of amendments to subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii) of this section by section 107(c) of Pub. L. 88–560 or pre-amended provisions to projects submitted for consideration prior to Sept. 2, 1964, see section 107(g) of Pub. L. 88–560, set out as a note under section 1713 of this title.

Application of section 1715c of this title, relating to labor standards, to certain mortgage insurance under this section, see subsec. (a) of section 1715c.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. The word “this” probably should not appear.

This section is designed to assist private industry in providing housing for low and moderate income families and displaced families.

The Secretary is authorized, upon application by the mortgagee, to insure under this section as hereinafter provided any mortgage (including advances during construction on mortgages covering property of the character described in paragraphs (3) and (4) of subsection (d) of this section) which is eligible for insurance as provided herein and, upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, to make commitments for the insurance of such mortgages prior to the date of their execution or disbursement thereon.

As used in this section, the terms “mortgage”, “first mortgage”, “mortgagee”, “mortgagor”, “maturity date” and “State” shall have the same meaning as in section 1707 of this title.

To be eligible for insurance under this section, a mortgage shall—

(1) have been made to and be held by a mortgagee approved by the Secretary as responsible and able to service the mortgage properly;

(2) be secured by property upon which there is located a dwelling conforming to applicable standards prescribed by the Secretary under subsection (f) of this section, and meeting the requirements of all State laws, or local ordinances or regulations, relating to the public health or safety, zoning, or otherwise, which may be applicable thereto, and shall involve a principal obligation (including such initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees as the Secretary shall approve) in an amount (A) not to exceed (i) $31,000 (or $36,000, if the mortgagor's family includes five or more persons) in the case of a property upon which there is located a dwelling designed principally for a single-family residence, (ii) $35,000 in the case of a property upon which there is located a dwelling designed principally for a two-family residence, (iii) $48,600 in the case of a property upon which there is located a dwelling designed principally for a three-family residence, or (iv) $59,400 in the case of a property upon which there is located a dwelling designed principally for a four-family residence, except that the Secretary may increase the foregoing amounts to not to exceed $36,000 (or $42,000 if the mortgagor's family includes five or more persons), $45,000, $57,600, and $68,400, respectively, in any geographical area where he finds that cost levels so require; and (B) not to exceed the appraised value of the property (as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance): *Provided*, That (i)(1) in the case of a displaced family, he shall have paid on account of the property at least $200 in the case of a single-family dwelling, $400 in the case of a two-family dwelling, $600 in the case of a three-family dwelling, and $800 in the case of a four-family dwelling, or (2) in the case of any other family, he shall have paid on account of the property at least 3 per centum of the Secretary's estimate of its acquisition cost (excluding the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured), in cash or its equivalent; which amount in either instance may include amounts to cover settlement costs and initial payments for taxes, hazard insurance, and other prepaid expenses; or (ii) in the case of repair and rehabilitation, the amount of the mortgage shall not exceed the sum of the estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation and the Secretary's estimate of the value of the property before repair and rehabilitation, except that in no case involving refinancing shall such mortgage exceed such estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation and the amount (as determined by the Secretary) required to refinance existing indebtedness secured by the property: *Provided further*, That the mortgagor shall to the maximum extent feasible be given the opportunity to contribute the value of his labor as equity in such dwelling; or

(3) if executed by a mortgagor which is a public body or agency (and, except with respect to a project assisted or to be assisted pursuant to section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f], which certifies that it is not receiving financial assistance from the United States exclusively pursuant to such Act [42 U.S.C. 1437 et seq.]) a cooperative (including an investor-sponsor who meets such requirements as the Secretary may impose to assure that the consumer interest is protected), or a limited dividend corporation (as defined by the Secretary), or a private nonprofit corporation or association, or other mortgagor approved by the Secretary, and regulated or supervised under Federal or State laws or by political subdivisions of States, or agencies thereof, or by the Secretary under a regulatory agreement or otherwise, as to rents, charges, and methods of operation, in such form and in such manner as in the opinion of the Secretary will effectuate the purposes of this section—

(i) Repealed. Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §304(e)(1), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 678.

(ii)(I) not exceed, for such part of the property or project as may be attributable to dwelling use (excluding exterior land improvements as defined by the Secretary) $42,048 per family unit without a bedroom, $48,481 per family unit with one bedroom, 58,469 1 per family unit with two bedrooms, $74,840 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $83,375 per family unit with four or more bedrooms; except that as to projects to consist of elevator-type structures the Secretary may, in his discretion, increase the dollar amount limitations per family unit to not to exceed $44,250 per family unit without a bedroom, $50,724 per family unit with one bedroom, $61,680 per family unit with two bedrooms, $79,793 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $87,588 per family unit with four or more bedrooms, as the case may be, to compensate for the higher costs incident to the construction of elevator-type structures of sound standards of construction and design; (II) the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the dollar amount limitations in subclause (I) (as such limitations may have been adjusted in accordance with section 1712a of this title) by not to exceed 170 percent in any geographical area where the Secretary finds that cost levels so require and by not to exceed 170 percent, or 215 percent in high cost areas, where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project-by-project basis, but in no case may any such increase exceed 90 percent where the Secretary determines that a mortgage purchased or to be purchased by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions under section 1720 2 of this title (as such section existed immediately before November 30, 1983) is involved; and

(iii) not exceed (1) in the case of new construction, the amount which the Secretary estimates will be the replacement cost of the property or project when the proposed improvements are completed (the replacement cost may include the land, the proposed physical improvements, utilities within the boundaries of the land, architect's fees, taxes, interest during construction, and other miscellaneous charges incident to construction and approved by the Secretary), or (2) in the case of repair and rehabilitation, the sum of the estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation and the Secretary's estimate of the value of the property before repair and rehabilitation: *Provided*, That the mortgage may involve the financing of the purchase of property which has been rehabilitated by a local public agency with Federal assistance pursuant to section 110(c)(8) of the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1460(c)(8)], and, in such case, the amount of the mortgage shall not exceed the appraised value of the property as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance: *Provided further*, That in the case of any mortgagor other than a nonprofit corporation or association, cooperative (including an investor-sponsor), or public body, or a mortgagor meeting the special requirements of subsection (e)(1) of this section, the amount of the mortgage shall not exceed 90 per centum of the amount otherwise authorized under this section: *Provided further*, That such property or project, when constructed, or repaired and rehabilitated, shall be for use as a rental or cooperative project, and low and moderate income families or displaced families shall be eligible for occupancy in accordance with such regulations and procedures as may be prescribed by the Secretary and the Secretary may adopt such requirements as he determines to be desirable regarding consultation with local public officials where such consultation is appropriate by reason of the relationship of such project to projects under other local programs; or

(4) if executed by a mortgagor and which is approved by the Secretary—

(i) Repealed. Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §304(e)(2), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 678.

(ii)(I) not exceed, for such part of the property or project as may be attributable to dwelling use (excluding exterior land improvements as defined by the Secretary), $37,843 per family unit without a bedroom, $42,954 per family unit with one bedroom, $51,920 per family unit with two bedrooms, $65,169 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $73,846 per family unit with four or more bedrooms; except that as to projects to consist of elevator-type structures the Secretary may, in his discretion, increase the dollar amount limitations per family unit to not to exceed $40,876 per family unit without a bedroom, $46,859 per family unit with one bedroom, $56,979 per family unit with two bedrooms, $73,710 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $80,913 per family unit with four or more bedrooms, as the case may be, to compensate for the higher costs incident to the construction of elevator-type structures of sound standards of construction and design; (II) the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the dollar limitations in subclause (I) (as such limitations may have been adjusted in accordance with section 1712a of this title) by not to exceed 170 percent in any geographical area where the Secretary finds that cost levels so require and by not to exceed 170 percent, or 215 percent in high cost areas, where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project-by-project basis, but in no case may any such increase exceed 90 percent where the Secretary determines that a mortgage purchased or to be purchased by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions under section 1720 2 of this title (as such section existed immediately before November 30, 1983) is involved;

(iii) not exceed (in the case of a property or project approved for mortgage insurance prior to the beginning of construction) 90 per centum of the amount which the Secretary estimates will be the replacement cost of the property or project when the proposed improvements are completed (the replacement cost may include the land, the proposed physical improvements, utilities within the boundaries of the land, architect's fees, taxes, interest during construction, and other miscellaneous charges incident to construction and approved by the Secretary, and shall include an allowance for builder's and sponsor's profit and risk of 10 per centum of all of the foregoing items, except the land, unless the Secretary, after certification that such allowance is unreasonable, shall by regulation prescribe a lesser percentage); and

(iv) not exceed 90 per centum of the sum of the estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation (including the cost of evaluating and reducing lead-based paint hazards, as such terms are defined in section 4851b of title 42) and the Secretary's estimate of the value of the property before repair and rehabilitation if the proceeds of the mortgage are to be used for the repair and rehabilitation of a property or project: *Provided*, That the Secretary may, in his discretion, require the mortgagor to be regulated or restricted as to rents or sales, charges, capital structure, rate of return, and methods of operation, and for such purpose the Secretary may make such contracts with and acquire for not to exceed $100 such stock or interest in any such mortgagor as the Secretary may deem necessary to render effective such restrictions or regulations, with such stock or interest being paid for out of the General Insurance Fund and being required to be redeemed by the mortgagor at par upon the termination of all obligations of the Secretary under the insurance;

(5) bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee; and contain such terms and provisions with respect to the application of the mortgagor's periodic payment to amortization of the principal of the mortgage, insurance, repairs, alterations, payment of taxes, default reserves, delinquency charges, foreclosure proceedings, anticipation of maturity, additional and secondary liens, and other matters as the Secretary may in his discretion prescribe: *Provided*, That a mortgage insured under the provisions of subsection (d)(3) of this section shall bear interest (exclusive of any premium charges for insurance and service charge, if any) at not less than the lower of (A) 3 per centum per annum, or (B) the annual rate of interest determined, from time to time by the Secretary of the Treasury at the request of the Secretary, by estimating the average market yield to maturity on all outstanding marketable obligations of the United States, and by adjusting such yield to the nearest one-eighth of 1 per centum, and there shall be no differentiation in the rate of interest charged under this proviso as between mortgagors under subsection (d)(3) of this section on the basis of differences in the types or classes of such mortgagors, and

(6) provide for complete amortization by periodic payments (unless otherwise approved by the Secretary) within such terms as the Secretary may prescribe, but as to mortgages coming within the provisions of subsection (d)(2) of this section not to exceed from the date of the beginning of amortization of the mortgage (i) 40 years in the case of a displaced family, (ii) 35 years in the case of any other family if the mortgage is approved for insurance prior to construction, except that the period in such case may be increased to not more than 40 years where the mortgagor is not able, as determined by the Secretary, to make the required payments under a mortgage having a shorter amortization period, and (iii) 30 years in the case of any other family where the mortgage is not approved for insurance prior to construction.

(1) A mortgagor which may be approved by the Secretary as provided in subsection (d)(3) of this section includes a mortgagor which, as a condition of obtaining insurance of the mortgage and prior to the submission of its application for such insurance, has entered into an agreement (in form and substance satisfactory to the Secretary) with a private nonprofit corporation eligible for an insured mortgage under the provisions of subsection (d)(3) of this section, that the mortgagor will sell the project when it is completed to the corporation at the actual cost of the project, as certified pursuant to section 1715r of this title. The mortgagor to whom the property is sold shall be regulated or supervised by the Secretary as provided in subsection (d)(3) of this section to effectuate its purposes.

(2) The Secretary may at any time, under such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, consent to the release of the mortgagor from his liability under the mortgage or the credit instrument secured thereby, or consent to the release of parts of the mortgaged property from the lien of the mortgage.

The property or project shall comply with such standards and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe to establish the acceptability of such property for mortgage insurance and may include such commercial and community facilities as the Secretary deems adequate to serve the occupants: *Provided*, That in the case of any such property or project located in an urban renewal area, the provisions of section 1715k(d)(3)(B)(iv) of this title shall apply with respect to the nondwelling facilities which may be included in the mortgage: *Provided further*, That, in the case of a mortgage which bears interest at the below-market interest rate prescribed in the proviso of subsection (d)(5) of this section, the provisions of section 1715k(d)(3)(B)(iv) of this title shall only apply if the mortgagor waives the right to receive dividends on its equity investment in the portion thereof devoted to commercial facilities.

A property or project covered by a mortgage insured under the provisions of subsection (d)(3) or (d)(4) of this section shall include five or more family units: *Provided*, That such units, in the case of a project designed primarily for occupancy by displaced, elderly, or handicapped families, need not, with the approval of the Secretary, contain kitchen facilities, and such projects may include central dining and other shared facilities. The Secretary is authorized to adopt such procedures and requirements as he determines are desirable to assure that the dwelling accommodations provided under this section are available to displaced families. Notwithstanding any provision of this chapter, the Secretary, in order to assist further the provision of housing for low and moderate income families, in his discretion and under such conditions as he may prescribe, may insure a mortgage which meets the requirements of subsection (d)(3) of this section as in effect after June 30, 1961, or which meets the requirements of subsection (h), (i), or (j) of this section with no premium charge, with a reduced premium charge, or with a premium charge for such period or periods during the time the insurance is in effect as the Secretary may determine, and there is authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such amounts as may be necessary to reimburse the General Insurance Fund for any net losses in connection with such insurance. Any person who is sixty-two years of age or over, or who is a handicapped person within the meaning of section 1701q 2 of this title, or who is a displaced person, shall be deemed to be a family within the meaning of the terms “family” and “families” as those terms are used in this section. Low- and moderate-income persons who are less than 62 years of age shall be eligible for occupancy of dwelling units in a project financed with a mortgage insured under subsection (d)(3) of this section. In any case in which it is determined in accordance with regulations of the Secretary that facilities in existence or under construction on December 31, 1970, which could appropriately be used for classroom purposes are available in any such property or project and that public schools in the community are overcrowded due in part to the attendance at such schools of residents of the property or project, such facilities may be used for such purposes to the extent permitted in such regulations (without being subject to any of the requirements of the proviso in section 1715k(d)(3)(B)(iv) of this title except the requirement that the project be predominantly residential).

As used in this section the terms “displaced family”, “displaced families”, and “displaced person” shall mean a family or families, or a person, displaced from an urban renewal area, or as a result of governmental action, or as a result of a major disaster as determined by the President pursuant to the Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act [42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.].

In order to induce advances by owners for capital improvements (excluding any owner contributions that may be required by the Secretary as a condition for assistance under section 201 of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1978) to benefit projects covered by a mortgage under the provisions of subsection (d)(3) of this section that bears a below market interest rate prescribed in the proviso to subsection (d)(5) of this section, in establishing the rental charge for the project the Secretary may include an amount that would permit a return of such advances with interest to the owner out of project income, on such terms and conditions as the Secretary may determine. Any resulting increase in rent contributions shall be—

(A) to a level not exceeding the lower of 30 percent of the adjusted income of the tenant or the published existing fair market rent for comparable housing established under section 8(c) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f(c)];

(B) phased in equally over a period of not less than 3 years, if such increase is 30 percent or more; and

(C) limited to not more than 10 percent per year if such increase is more than 10 percent but less than 30 percent.

Assistance under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f] shall be provided, to the extent available under appropriations Acts, if necessary to mitigate any adverse effects on income-eligible tenants.

The mortgagee shall be entitled to receive the benefits of the insurance as hereinafter provided—

(1) as to mortgages meeting the requirements of paragraph (2) of subsection (d) of this section, paragraph (5) of subsection (h) of this section, or paragraph (2) of subsection (i) of this section, as provided in section 1710(a) of this title with respect to mortgages insured under section 1709 of this title, and the provisions of subsections (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h),2 (j), and (k) 2 of section 1710 of this title shall be applicable to such mortgages insured under this section, except that all references therein to the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund or the Fund shall be construed to refer to the General Insurance Fund and all references therein to section 1709 of this title shall be construed to refer to this section; or

(2) as to mortgages meeting the requirements of paragraph (3) or (4) of subsection (d) of this section, paragraph (1) of subsection (h) of this section, or paragraph (2) of subsection (j) of this section as provided in section 1713(g) of this title with respect to mortgages insured under said section 1713, and the provisions of subsections (h), (i), (j), (k), and (*l*) of section 1713 of this title shall be applicable to such mortgages insured under this section; or

(3) as to mortgages meeting the requirements of this section which are insured or initially endorsed for insurance on or after June 30, 1961, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection, the Secretary in his discretion, in accordance with such regulations as he may prescribe, may make payments pursuant to such paragraphs in cash or in debentures (as provided in the mortgage insurance contract), or may acquire a mortgage loan that is in default and the security therefor upon payment to the mortgagee in cash or in debentures (as provided in the mortgage insurance contract) of a total amount equal to the unpaid principal balance of the loan plus any accrued interest and any advances approved by the Secretary and made previously by the mortgagee under the provisions of the mortgage, and after the acquisition of any such mortgage by the Secretary the mortgagee shall have no further rights, liabilities, or obligations with respect to the loan or the security for the loan. The appropriate provisions of sections 1710 and 1713 of this title relating to the issuance of debentures shall apply with respect to debentures issued under this paragraph, and the appropriate provisions of sections 1710 and 1713 of this title relating to the rights, liabilities, and obligations of a mortgagee shall apply with respect to the Secretary when he has acquired an insured mortgage under this paragraph, in accordance with and subject to regulations (modifying such provisions to the extent necessary to render their application for such purposes appropriate and effective) which shall be prescribed by the Secretary, except that as applied to mortgages so acquired (A) all references in section 1710 of this title to the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund or the Fund shall be construed to refer to the General Insurance Fund, and (B) all references in section 1710 of this title to section 1709 of this title shall be construed to refer to this section. If the insurance is paid in cash, there shall be added to such payment an amount equivalent to the interest which the debentures would have earned, computed to a date to be established pursuant to regulations issued by the Secretary.

(4)(A) in the event any mortgage insured under this section pursuant to a commitment to insure entered into before November 30, 1983, is not in default at the expiration of twenty years from the date the mortgage was endorsed for insurance, the mortgagee shall, within a period thereafter to be determined by the Secretary, have the option to assign, transfer, and deliver to the Secretary the original credit instrument and the mortgage securing the same and receive the benefits of the insurance as hereinafter provided in this paragraph, upon compliance with such requirements and conditions as to the validity of the mortgage as a first lien and such other matters as may be prescribed by the Secretary at the time the loan is endorsed for insurance. Upon such assignment, transfer, and delivery the obligation of the mortgagee to pay the premium charges for insurance shall cease, and the Secretary shall issue to the mortgagee debentures having a par value equal to the amount of the original principal obligation of the mortgage which was unpaid on the date of the assignment, plus accrued interest to such date. Debentures issued pursuant to this paragraph shall be issued in the same manner and subject to the same terms and conditions as debentures issued under paragraph (1) of this subsection, except that the debentures issued pursuant to this paragraph shall be dated as of the date the mortgage is assigned to the Secretary, shall mature ten years after such date, and shall bear interest from such date at the going Federal rate determined at the time of issuance. The term “going Federal rate” as used herein means the annual rate of interest which the Secretary of the Treasury shall specify as applicable to the six-month period (consisting of January through June or July through December) which includes the issuance date of such debentures, which applicable rate for each such six-month period shall be determined by the Secretary of the Treasury by estimating the average yield to maturity, on the basis of daily closing market bid quotations or prices during the month of May or the month of November, as the case may be, next preceding such six-month period, on all outstanding marketable obligations of the United States having a maturity date of eight to twelve years from the first day of such month of May or November (or, if no such obligations are outstanding, the obligation next shorter than eight years and the obligation next longer than twelve years, respectively, shall be used), and by adjusting such estimated average annual yield to the nearest one-eight of 1 per centum. The Secretary shall have the same authority with respect to mortgages assigned to him under this paragraph as contained in sections 1713(k) and 1713(*l*) of this title as to mortgages insured by the Secretary and assigned to him under section 1713 of this title.

(B) In processing a claim for insurance benefits under this paragraph, the Secretary may direct the mortgagee to assign, transfer, and deliver the original credit instrument and the mortgage securing it directly to the Government National Mortgage Association in lieu of assigning, transferring, and delivering the credit instrument and the mortgage to the Secretary. Upon the assignment, transfer, and delivery of the credit instrument and the mortgage to the Association, the mortgage insurance contract shall terminate and the mortgagee shall receive insurance benefits as provided in subparagraph (A). The Association is authorized to accept such loan documents in its own name and to hold, service, and sell such loans as agent for the Secretary. The mortgagor's obligation to pay a service charge in lieu of a mortgage insurance premium shall continue as long as the mortgage is held by the Association or by the Secretary. The Secretary shall have the same authority with respect to mortgages assigned to the Secretary or the Association under this subparagraph as provided by section 1715n(c) of this title.

(C)(i) In lieu of accepting assignment of the original credit instrument and the mortgage securing the credit instrument under subparagraph (A) in exchange for receipt of debentures, the Secretary shall arrange for the sale of the beneficial interests in the mortgage loan through an auction and sale of the (I) mortgage loans, or (II) participation certificates, or other mortgage-backed obligations in a form acceptable to the Secretary (in this subparagraph referred to as “participation certificates”). The Secretary shall arrange the auction and sale at a price, to be paid to the mortgagee, of par plus accrued interest to the date of sale. The sale price shall also include the right to a subsidy payment described in clause (iii).

(ii)(I) The Secretary shall conduct a public auction to determine the lowest interest rate necessary to accomplish a sale of the beneficial interests in the original credit instrument and mortgage securing the credit instrument.

(II) A mortgagee who elects to assign a mortgage shall provide the Secretary and persons bidding at the auction a description of the characteristics of the original credit instrument and mortgage securing the original credit instrument, which shall include the principal mortgage balance, original stated interest rate, service fees, real estate and tenant characteristics, the level and duration of applicable Federal subsidies, and any other information determined by the Secretary to be appropriate. The Secretary shall also provide information regarding the status of the property with respect to the provisions of the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987 or any subsequent Act with respect to eligibility to prepay the mortgage, a statement of whether the owner has filed a notice of intent to prepay or a plan of action under the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987 or any subsequent Act, and the details with respect to incentives provided under the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987 or any subsequent Act in lieu of exercising prepayment rights.

(III) The Secretary shall, upon receipt of the information in subclause (II), promptly advertise for an auction and publish such mortgage descriptions in advance of the auction. The Secretary may conduct the auction at any time during the 6-month period beginning upon receipt of the information in subclause (II) but under no circumstances may the Secretary conduct an auction before 2 months after receiving the mortgagee's written notice of intent to assign its mortgage to the Secretary.

(IV) In any auction under this subparagraph, the Secretary shall accept the lowest interest rate bid for purchase that the Secretary determines to be acceptable. The Secretary shall cause the accepted bid to be published in the Federal Register. Settlement for the sale of the credit instrument and the mortgage securing the credit instrument shall occur not later than 30 business days after the date winning bidders are selected in the auction, unless the Secretary determines that extraordinary circumstances require an extension (not to exceed 60 days) of the period.

(V) If no bids are received, the bids that are received are not acceptable to the Secretary, or settlement does not occur within the period under subclause (IV), the mortgagee shall retain all rights (including the right to interest, at a rate to be determined by the Secretary, for the period covering any actions taken under this subparagraph) under this section to assign the mortgage loan to the Secretary.

(iii) As part of the auction process, the Secretary shall agree to provide a monthly interest subsidy payment from the General Insurance Fund to the purchaser under the auction of the original credit instrument or the mortgage securing the credit instrument (and any subsequent holders or assigns who are approved mortgagees). The subsidy payment shall be paid on the first day of each month in an amount equal to the difference between the stated interest due on the mortgage loan and the lowest interest rate necessary to accomplish a sale of the mortgage loan or participation certificates (less the servicing fee, if appropriate) for the then unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest at a rate determined by the Secretary. Each interest subsidy payment shall be treated by the holder of the mortgage as interest paid on the mortgage. The interest subsidy payment shall be provided until the earlier of—

(I) the maturity date of the loan;

(II) prepayment of the mortgage loan in accordance with the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987 or any subsequent Act, where applicable; or

(III) default and full payment of insurance benefits on the mortgage loan by the Federal Housing Administration.

(iv) The Secretary shall require that the mortgage loans or participation certificates presented for assignment are auctioned as whole loans with servicing rights released and also are auctioned with servicing rights retained by the current servicer.

(v) To the extent practicable, the Secretary shall encourage State housing finance agencies, nonprofit organizations, and organizations representing the tenants of the property securing the mortgage, or a qualified mortgagee participating in a plan of action under the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987 or subsequent Act to participate in the auction.

(vi) The Secretary shall implement the requirements imposed by this subparagraph within 30 days from November 5, 1990, and not be subject to the requirement of prior issuance of regulations in the Federal Register. The Secretary shall issue regulations implementing this section within 6 months of November 5, 1990.

(vii) Nothing in this subparagraph shall diminish or impair the low income use restrictions applicable to the project under the original regulatory agreement or the revised agreement entered into pursuant to the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987 or subsequent Act, if any, or other agreements for the provision of Federal assistance to the housing or its tenants.

(viii) This subparagraph shall not apply after December 31, 2002, except that this subparagraph shall continue to apply if the Secretary receives a mortgagee's written notice of intent to assign its mortgage to the Secretary on or before such date. Not later than January 31 of each year (beginning in 1992), the Secretary shall submit to the Congress a report including statements of the number of mortgages auctioned and sold and their value, the amount of subsidies committed to the program under this subparagraph, the ability of the Secretary to coordinate the program with the incentives provided under the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987 or subsequent Act, and the costs and benefits derived from the program for the Federal Government.

(ix) The authority of the Secretary to conduct multifamily auctions under this paragraph shall be effective for any fiscal year only to the extent and in such amounts as are approved in appropriations Acts for the costs of loan guarantees (as defined in section 661a of title 2), including the cost of modifying loans.

(1) In addition to mortgages insured under the other provisions of this section, the Secretary is authorized, upon application by the mortgagee, to insure under this subsection as hereinafter provided any mortgage (including advances under such mortgage during rehabilitation) which is executed by a nonprofit organization to finance the purchase and rehabilitation of deteriorating or substandard housing for subsequent resale to low-income home purchasers and, upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, to make commitments for the insurance of such mortgages prior to the date of their execution or disbursement thereon.

(2) To be eligible for insurance under paragraph (1) of this subsection, a mortgage shall—

(A) be executed by a private nonprofit corporation or association, approved by the Secretary, for financing the purchase and rehabilitation (with the intention of subsequent resale) of property comprising one or more tracts or parcels, whether or not contiguous, upon which there is located deteriorating or substandard housing consisting of (i) four or more single-family dwellings of detached, semidetached, or row construction, or (ii) four or more one-family units in a structure or structures for which a plan of family unit ownership approved by the Secretary is established;

(B) be secured by the property which is to be purchased and rehabilitated with the proceeds thereof;

(C) be in a principal amount not exceeding the appraised value of the property at the time of its purchase under the mortgage plus the estimated cost of the rehabilitation;

(D) bear interest (exclusive of premium charges for insurance and service charge, if any) at the rate in effect under the proviso in subsection (d)(5) of this section at the time of execution;

(E) provide for complete amortization (subject to paragraph (5)(E)) by periodic payments within such term as the Secretary may prescribe; and

(F) provide for the release of individual single-family dwellings from the lien of the mortgage upon the sale of the rehabilitated dwellings in accordance with paragraph (5).

(3) No mortgage shall be insured under paragraph (1) unless the mortgagor shall have demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Secretary that (A) the property to be rehabilitated is located in a neighborhood which is sufficiently stable and contains sufficient public facilities and amenities to support long-term values, or (B) the rehabilitation to be carried out by the mortgagor plus its related activities and the activities of other owners of housing in the neighborhood, together with actions to be taken by public authorities, will be of such scope and quality as to give reasonable promise that a stable environment will be created in the neighborhood.

(4) The aggregate principal balance of all mortgages insured under paragraph (1) and outstanding at any one time shall not exceed $50,000,000.

(5)(A) No mortgage shall be insured under paragraph (1) unless the mortgagor enters into an agreement (in form and substance satisfactory to the Secretary) that it will offer to sell the dwellings involved, upon completion of their rehabilitation, to individuals or families (hereinafter referred to as “low-income purchasers”) determined by the Secretary to have incomes below the maximum amount specified (with respect to the area involved) in section 1701s(c)(1) of this title.

(B) The Secretary is authorized to insure under this paragraph mortgages executed to finance the sale of individual dwellings to low-income purchasers as provided in subparagraph (A). Any such mortgage shall—

(i) be in a principal amount equal to that portion of the unpaid balance of the principal mortgage covering the property (insured under paragraph (1)) which is allocable to the individual dwelling involved; and

(ii) bear interest at the same rate as the principal mortgage or such lower rate, not less than 1 per centum, as the Secretary may prescribe if in his judgment the purchaser's income is sufficiently low to justify the lower rate, and provide for complete amortization within a term equal to the remaining term (determined without regard to subparagraph (E)) of such principal mortgage: *Provided*, That, if the rate of interest initially prescribed is less than the rate borne by the principal mortgage and the purchaser's income (as determined on the basis of periodic review) subsequently rises, the rate of interest so prescribed shall be increased (but not above the rate borne by such principal mortgage), under regulations of the Secretary, to the extent appropriate to reflect the increase in such income, and the mortgage shall so provide.

(C) The price for which any individual dwelling is sold to a low-income purchaser under this paragraph shall be the amount of the mortgage covering the sale as determined under subparagraph (B), except that the purchaser shall in addition thereto be required to pay on account of the property at the time of purchase such amount (which shall not be less than $200, but which may be applied in whole or in part toward closing costs) as the Secretary may determine to be reasonable and appropriate in the circumstances.

(D) Upon the sale under this paragraph of any individual dwelling, such dwelling shall be released from the lien of the principal mortgage, and such mortgage shall thereupon be replaced by an individual mortgage insured under this paragraph to the extent of the portion of its unpaid balance which is allocable to the dwelling covered by such individual mortgage. Until all of the individual dwellings in the property covered by the principal mortgage have been sold, the mortgagor shall hold and operate the dwellings remaining unsold at any given time as though they constituted rental units in a project covered by a mortgage which is insured under subsection (d)(3) (and which receives the benefits of the interest rate provided for in the proviso in subsection (d)(5) of this section).

(E) Upon the sale under this paragraph of all of the individual dwellings in the property covered by the principal mortgage, and the release of all individual dwellings from the lien of the principal mortgage, the insurance of the principal mortgage shall be terminated and no adjusted premium charge shall be charged by the Secretary upon such termination.

(F) Any mortgage insured under this paragraph shall contain a provision that if the low-income mortgagor does not continue to occupy the property the interest rate shall increase to the highest rate permissible under this section and the regulations of the Secretary effective at the time of commitment for insurance of the principal mortgage; except that the increase in interest rate shall not be applicable if the property is sold and the purchaser is (i) the nonprofit organization which executed the principal mortgage, (ii) a public housing agency having jurisdiction under the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437 et seq.] over the area where the dwelling is located, or (iii) a low-income purchaser approved for the purposes of this paragraph by the Secretary.

(6) In addition to the mortgages that may be insured under paragraphs (1) and (5), the Secretary is authorized to insure under this subsection at any time within one year after August 1, 1968, upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, mortgages which are executed by individuals or families that meet the income criteria prescribed in paragraph (5)(A) and are executed for the purpose of financing the rehabilitation or improvement of single-family dwellings of detached, semidetached, or row construction that are owned in each instance by a mortgagor who has purchased the dwelling from a nonprofit organization of the type described in this subsection. To be eligible for such insurance, a mortgage shall—

(A) be in a principal amount not exceeding the lesser of $18,000 or the sum of the estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation and the Secretary's estimate of the value of the property before repair and rehabilitation, except that in no case involving refinancing shall such mortgage exceed such estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation and the amount (as determined by the Secretary) required to refinance existing indebtedness secured by the property;

(B) bear interest (exclusive of premium charges for insurance and service charge, if any) at 3 per centum per annum or such lower rate, not less than 1 per centum, as the Secretary may prescribe if in his judgment the mortgagor's income is sufficiently low to justify the lower rate: *Provided*, That, if the rate of interest initially prescribed is less than 3 per centum per annum and the mortgagor's income (as determined on the basis of periodic review) subsequently rises, the rate shall be increased (but not above 3 per centum), under regulations of the Secretary, to the extent appropriate to reflect the increase in such income, and the mortgage shall so provide;

(C) involve a mortgagor that shall have paid on account of the property at the time of the rehabilitation such amount (which shall not be less than $200 in cash or its equivalent, but which may be applied in whole or in part toward closing costs) as the Secretary may determine to be reasonable and appropriate under the circumstances; and

(D) contain a provision that, if the low-income mortgagor does not continue to occupy the property, the interest rate shall increase to the highest rate permissible under this section and the regulations of the Secretary effective at the time the commitment was issued for insurance of the mortgage; except that the increase in interest rate shall not be applicable if the property is sold and the purchaser is (i) a nonprofit organization which has been engaged in purchasing and rehabilitating deteriorating and substandard housing with financing under a mortgage insured under paragraph (1) of this subsection, (ii) a public housing agency having jurisdiction under the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437 et seq.] over the area where the dwelling is located, or (iii) a low-income purchaser approved for the purposes of this paragraph by the Secretary.

(7) Where the Secretary has approved a plan of family unit ownership, the terms “single-family dwelling”, “single-family dwellings”, “individual dwelling”, and “individual dwellings” shall mean a family unit or family units, together with the undivided interest (or interests) in the common areas and facilities.

(8) For purposes of this subsection, the terms “single-family dwelling” and “single-family dwellings” (except for purposes of paragraph (7)) shall include a two-family dwelling which has been approved by the Secretary.

(1) The Secretary is authorized, with respect to any project involving a mortgage insured under subsection (d)(3) of this section which bears interest at the below-market interest rate prescribed in the proviso of subsection (d)(5) of this section, to permit a conversion of the ownership of such project to a plan of family unit ownership. Under such plan, each family unit shall be eligible for individual ownership and provision shall be included for the sale of the family units, together with an undivided interest in the common areas and facilities which serve the project, to low or moderate income purchasers. The Secretary shall obtain such agreements as he determines to be necessary to assure continued maintenance of the common areas and facilities. Upon such sale, the family unit and the undivided interest in the common areas shall be released from the lien of the project mortgage.

(2)(A) The Secretary is authorized, upon application by the mortgagee, to insure under this subsection mortgages financing the purchase of individual family units under the plan prescribed in paragraph (1). Commitments may be issued by the Secretary for the insurance of such mortgages prior to the date of their execution or disbursement thereon, upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe. To be eligible for such insurance, the mortgage shall—

(i) be executed by a mortgagor having an income within the limits prescribed by the Secretary for occupants of projects financed with a mortgage insured under subsection (d)(3) of this section which bears interest at the below-market rate prescribed in the proviso of subsection (d)(5) of this section;

(ii) involve a principal obligation (including such initial service charges, and such appraisal, inspection, and other fees, as the Secretary shall approve) in an amount not to exceed the Secretary's estimate of the appraised value of the family unit, including the mortgagor's interest in the common areas and facilities, as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance;

(iii) bear interest at a rate determined by the Secretary (which may vary in accordance with the regulations of the Secretary promulgated pursuant to the last sentence of paragraph (4) of this subsection) but not less than the below-market rate in effect under the proviso of subsection (d)(5) of this section at the date of the commitment for insurance; and

(iv) provide for complete amortization by periodic payments within such term as the Secretary may prescribe, but not to exceed forty years from the beginning of amortization of the mortgage.

(B) The price for which the individual family unit is sold to the low or moderate income purchaser shall not exceed the appraised value of the property, as determined under subparagraph (A)(ii), except that the purchaser shall be required to pay on account of the property at the time of purchase at least such amount, in cash or its equivalent (which shall be not less than 3 per centum of such price, but which may be applied in whole or in part toward closing costs), as the Secretary may determine to be reasonable and appropriate.

(3) Upon the sale of all of the family units covered by the project mortgage, and the release of all of the family units (including the undivided interest allocable to each unit in the common areas and facilities) from the lien of the project mortgage, the insurance of the project mortgage shall be terminated and no adjusted premium charge shall be collected by the Secretary upon such termination.

(4) Any mortgage covering an individual family unit insured under this subsection shall contain a provision that, if the original mortgagor does not continue to occupy the property, the interest rate shall increase to the highest rate permissible under this section and the regulations of the Secretary effective at the time the commitment was issued for the insurance of the project mortgage; except that the requirement for an increase in interest rate shall not be applicable if the property is sold and the purchaser is (i) a nonprofit purchaser approved by the Secretary, or (ii) a low or moderate income purchaser who has an income within the limits prescribed by the Secretary for occupants of projects financed with a mortgage insured under subsection (d)(3) of this section which bears interest at the below-market rate prescribed in the proviso of subsection (d)(5) of this section. The mortgage shall also contain a provision that, if the Secretary determines that the annual income of the original mortgagor (or a purchaser described in clause (ii) of the preceding sentence) has increased to an amount enabling payment of a greater rate of interest, the interest rate of the individual mortgage may be increased up to the highest rate permissible under the regulations of the Secretary for mortgages insured under this section, effective at the time the commitment was issued for the insurance of the mortgage.

(5) For the purpose of this subsection—

(i) the term “mortgage”, when used in relation to a mortgage insured under paragraph (2) of this subsection, includes a first mortgage given to secure the unpaid purchase price of a fee interest in, or a long-term lease-hold interest in, a one-family unit in a multifamily project and an undivided interest in the common areas and facilities which serve the project; and

(ii) the term “common areas and facilities” includes the land and such commercial, community, and other facilities as are approved by the Secretary.

(1) The Secretary is authorized, with respect to any rental project involving a mortgage insured under subsection (d)(3) of this section which bears interest at the below-market interest rate prescribed in the proviso of subsection (d)(5) of this section, to permit a conversion of the ownership of such project to a cooperative approved by the Secretary. Membership in such cooperative shall be made available only to those families having an income within the limits prescribed by the Secretary for occupants of projects financed with a mortgage insured under subsection (d)(3) of this section which bears interest at such below-market rate: *Provided*, That families residing in the rental project at the time of its conversion to a cooperative who do not meet such income limits may be permitted to become members in the cooperative under such special terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe.

(2) The Secretary is authorized, upon application by the mortgagee, to insure under this subsection cooperative mortgages financing the purchase of projects meeting the requirements of paragraph (1). Commitments may be issued by the Secretary for the insurance of such mortgages prior to the date of their execution or disbursement thereon, upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe. To be eligible for such insurance, the mortgage shall—

(i) involve a principal obligation (including such initial service charges and appraisal, inspection, and other fees as the Secretary shall approve) in an amount not exceeding the appraised value of the property for continued use as a cooperative, which value shall be based upon a mortgage amount on which the debt service can be met from the income of the property when operated on a nonprofit basis, after the payment of all operating expenses, taxes, and required reserves;

(ii) bear interest at the below-market rate prescribed in the proviso of subsection (d)(5) of this section; and

(iii) provide for complete amortization within such term as the Secretary may prescribe.

With respect to any project insured under subsection (d)(3) or (d)(4) of this section, the Secretary may further increase the dollar amount limitations which would otherwise apply for the purpose of those subsections by up to 20 per centum if such increase is necessary to account for the increased cost of the project due to the installation therein of a solar energy system (as defined in subparagraph (3) of the last paragraph of section 1703(a) of this title) or residential energy conservation measures (as defined in section 8211(11)(A) through (G) and (I) of title 42) 3 in cases where the Secretary determines that such measures are in addition to those required under the minimum property standards and will be cost-effective over the life of the measure.

(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, tenants residing in eligible multifamily housing whose incomes exceed 80 percent of area median income shall pay as rent not more than the lower of the following amounts: (A) 30 percent of the family's adjusted monthly income; or (B) the relevant fair market rental established under section 8(b) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f(b)] for the jurisdiction in which the housing is located. An owner shall phase in any increase in rents for current tenants resulting from this subsection.

(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term “eligible multifamily housing” means any housing financed by a loan or mortgage that is (A) insured or held by the Secretary under subsection (d)(3) of this section and assisted under section 1701s of this title or section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f]; or (B) insured or held by the Secretary and bears interest at a rate determined under the proviso of subsection (d)(5) of this section.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §221, as added Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §123, 68 Stat. 599; amended Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title I, §102(c), (j), 69 Stat. 635; Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, title I, §108, title III, §307(c), 70 Stat. 1094, 1102; Pub. L. 85–104, title I, §112, July 12, 1957, 71 Stat. 297; Pub. L. 86–372, title I, §§110(a)(1), (2), (b)–(e), 116(b), Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 658–661, 664; Pub. L. 87–70, title I, §101(a), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 149; Pub. L. 88–54, June 29, 1963, 77 Stat. 73; Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §§105(c)(2), 107(d), 114, title II, §§202, 203(b), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 772, 775, 778, 783, 784; Pub. L. 89–117, title I, §102(a), (b), title II, §207(d), title XI, §1108(i), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 454, 467, 505; Pub. L. 89–754, title III, §§307–310(c), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1268–1270; Pub. L. 89–769, §4, Nov. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 1317; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (4), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 90–448, title I, §§101(b), (c), 105, title III, §§305, 306, 311(b), 316, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 483, 488, 508, 510, 512; Pub. L. 91–78, §2(c), Sept. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 125; Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §§101(c), 113(e), Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 379, 384; Pub. L. 91–432, §1(c), Oct. 2, 1970, 84 Stat. 887; Pub. L. 91–473, §1(c), Oct. 21, 1970, 84 Stat. 1064; Pub. L. 91–525, §1(c), Dec. 1, 1970, 84 Stat. 1384; Pub. L. 91–606, title III, §301(d), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1758; Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §§101(c), 114(a), 114[115](a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1770, 1773; Pub. L. 92–503, §1(c), Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 906; Pub. L. 93–85, §1(c), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 220; Pub. L. 93–117, §1(c), Oct. 2, 1973, 87 Stat. 421; Pub. L. 93–288, title VII, §702(d), formerly title VI, §602(d), May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 163, renumbered title VII, §702(d), Pub. L. 103–337, div. C, title XXXIV, §3411(a)(1), (2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3100; Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §§302(c), 303(d), (e), 304(e), 316(c), 319(a), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 676–678, 685, 686; Pub. L. 94–173, §§3, 4(a), Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 1027; Pub. L. 94–375, §§3(d), 8(a), (b)(4), (5), Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1069, 1071, 1072; Pub. L. 95–24, title I, §106, Apr. 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 56; Pub. L. 95–60, §1(c), June 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 257; Pub. L. 95–80, §1(c), July 31, 1977, 91 Stat. 339; Pub. L. 95–128, title III, §§301(c), 303(c), Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1131, 1132; Pub. L. 95–406, §1(c), Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 879; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §§301(c), 325, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2096, 2104; Pub. L. 96–71, §1(c), Sept. 28, 1979, 93 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 96–105, §1(c), Nov. 8, 1979, 93 Stat. 794; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §§301(c), 314, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1111, 1117; Pub. L. 96–372, §1(c), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1363; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §§301(c), 310(d), 333(c), (d), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1638, 1642, 1653; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §§331(c), 339B(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 412, 417; Pub. L. 97–253, title II, §201(d), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 789; Pub. L. 97–289, §1(c), Oct. 6, 1982, 96 Stat. 1230; Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §101(g), Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1908; Pub. L. 98–35, §1(c), May 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 98–109, §1(c), Oct. 1, 1983, 97 Stat. 745; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §§401(c), 404(b)(8), 408, 409, 423(b)(3), 432(b), (c), 446(d), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1207, 1209, 1211, 1217, 1220, 1228; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(a)(6), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2232; Pub. L. 99–120, §1(c), Oct. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 502; Pub. L. 99–156, §1(c), Nov. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 815; Pub. L. 99–219, §1(c), Dec. 26, 1985, 99 Stat. 1730; Pub. L. 99–267, §1(c), Mar. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 73; Pub. L. 99–272, title III, §3007(c), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 104; Pub. L. 99–289, §1(b), May 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 99–345, §1, June 24, 1986, 100 Stat. 673; Pub. L. 99–430, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 986; Pub. L. 100–122, §1, Sept. 30, 1987, 101 Stat. 793; Pub. L. 100–154, Nov. 5, 1987, 101 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 100–170, Nov. 17, 1987, 101 Stat. 914; Pub. L. 100–179, Dec. 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 1018; Pub. L. 100–200, Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §§401(a)(2), 406(b)(10)–(13), 426(d), (e), (h), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1898, 1901, 1916; Pub. L. 100–707, title I, §109(e)(3), Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4708; Pub. L. 101–508, title II, §2201, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–21; Pub. L. 101–625, title VI, §§611(b)(2), 612(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4278, 4279; Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §§509(d), (e), 516(d), title X, §1012(*l*), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3783, 3791, 3907; Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(e) [title II, §219], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–257, 1321–290; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 105–276, title II, §222, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2489; Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §209(b)], Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1441, 1441A–25; Pub. L. 107–73, title II, §213(d), (e), Nov. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 676, 677; Pub. L. 107–326, §5(b)(4), (5), Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2795; Pub. L. 108–186, title III, §302(b), Dec. 16, 2003, 117 Stat. 2692; Pub. L. 110–161, div. K, title II, §221(1), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2436.)

The General Insurance Fund, referred to in text, was established by section 1735c of this title.

Section 1720 of this title, referred to in subsec. (d)(3)(ii)(II), (4)(ii)(II) was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §483(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1240.

The United States Housing Act of 1937, and “such act”, referred to in subsecs. (d)(3), (h)(5)(F), (6)(D), is act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 896, as revised generally by Pub. L. 93–383, title II, §201(a), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 653, which is classified generally to chapter 8 (§1437 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1437 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section 110 of the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1460], referred to in subsec. (d)(3)(iii), was omitted from the Code pursuant to section 5316 of Title 42, which terminated authority to make grants or loans under title I of that Act [42 U.S.C. 1450 et seq.] after Jan. 1, 1975.

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (f), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Section 1701q of this title, referred to in subsec. (f), was amended generally by Pub. L. 101–625, title VIII, §801(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4297, and, as so amended, no longer contains provisions related to handicapped persons.

The Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, referred to in subsec. (f), is Pub. L. 93–288, May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 143, as amended, known as the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, which is classified principally to chapter 68 (§5121 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5121 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section 201 of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1978, referred to in subsec. (f), is section 201 of Pub. L. 95–557, title II, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2084, as amended, which enacted section 1715z–1a of this title and amended section 1715z–1 of this title.

Subsection (h) of section 1710 of this title, referred to in subsec. (g)(1), was redesignated subsec. (i) by Pub. L. 105–276, title VI, §602(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2674.

Subsection (k) of section 1710 of this title, referred to in subsec. (g)(1), was repealed by Pub. L. 105–276, title VI, §601(c), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2673.

The Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987, referred to in subsec. (g)(4)(C), is title II of Pub. L. 100–242, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1877, which, as amended by Pub. L. 101–625, is known as the Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990. Subtitles A and B of title II, which were formerly set out as a note under this section and which amended section 1715z–6 of this title, were amended generally by Pub. L. 101–625 and are classified to subchapter I (§4101 et seq.) of chapter 42 of this title. Subtitles C and D of title II amended section 1715z–15 of this title and sections 1437f, 1472, 1485, and 1487 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Another subtitle C of title II of Pub. L. 100–242, as added by Pub. L. 102–550, is classified generally to subchapter II (§4141 et seq.) of chapter 42 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4101 of this title and Tables.

Section 8211 of title 42, referred to in subsec. (k), was omitted from the Code pursuant to section 8229 of Title 42, which terminated authority under that section on June 30, 1989.

Subsecs. (d)(3)(iii), (g)(4)(A), (i)(5), and (j)(1) are set out in this supplement to correct errors in the main edition.

In subsec. (g)(4)(A), “November 30, 1983,” was substituted for “the effective date of this clause”, meaning the date of enactment of Pub. L. 98–181.

**2007**—Subsec. (d)(3)(ii)(II), (4)(ii)(II). Pub. L. 110–161 substituted “170 percent” for “140 percent” after “not to exceed” in two places and “215 percent in high cost areas” for “170 percent in high cost areas”.

**2003**—Subsec. (d)(3)(ii)(II), (4)(ii)(II). Pub. L. 108–186 substituted “140 percent in” for “110 percent in” and inserted “, or 170 percent in high cost areas,” after “and by not to exceed 140 percent”.

**2002**—Subsec. (d)(3)(ii). Pub. L. 107–326, §5(b)(4), inserted “(I)” after “(ii)” and substituted “; (II) the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the dollar amount limitations in subclause (I) (as such limitations may have been adjusted in accordance with section 1712a of this title)” for “; and except that the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the foregoing dollar amount limitations contained in this clause”.

Subsec. (d)(4)(ii). Pub. L. 107–326, §5(b)(5), inserted “(I)” after “(ii)” and substituted “; (II) the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the dollar limitations in subclause (I) (as such limitations may have been adjusted in accordance with section 1712a of this title)” for “; and except that the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the foregoing dollar amount limitations contained in this clause”.

**2001**—Subsec. (d)(3)(ii). Pub. L. 107–73, §213(d), substituted “$42,048”, “$48,481”, “58,469”, “$74,840”, and “$83,375” for “$33,638”, “$38,785”, “$46,775”, “$59,872”, and “$66,700”, respectively, and “$44,250”, “$50,724”, “$61,680”, “$79,793”, and “$87,588” for “$35,400”, “$40,579”, “$49,344”, “$63,834”, and “$70,070”, respectively.

Subsec. (d)(4)(ii). Pub. L. 107–73, §213(e), substituted “$37,843”, “$42,954”, “$51,920”, “$65,169”, and “$73,846” for “$30,274”, “$34,363”, “$41,536”, “$52,135”, and “$59,077”, respectively, and “$40,876”, “$46,859”, “$56,979”, “$73,710”, and “$80,913” for “$32,701”, “$37,487”, “$45,583”, “$58,968”, and “$64,730”, respectively.

**2000**—Subsec. (g)(4)(C)(viii). Pub. L. 106–377 inserted “, except that this subparagraph shall continue to apply if the Secretary receives a mortgagee's written notice of intent to assign its mortgage to the Secretary on or before such date” after “December 31, 2002”.

**1998**—Subsec. (g)(4)(C)(viii). Pub. L. 105–276, §222(1), substituted “December 31, 2002” for “September 30, 1996” in first sentence.

Subsec. (g)(4)(C)(ix). Pub. L. 105–276, §222(2), added cl. (ix).

**1996**—Subsec. (g)(4)(C)(viii). Pub. L. 104–134 substituted “1996” for “1995” in first sentence.

**1992**—Subsec. (d)(3)(ii). Pub. L. 102–550, §509(d), substituted “$33,638”, “$38,785”, “$46,775”, “$59,872”, “$66,700”, “$35,400”, “$40,579”, “$49,344”, “$63,834”, and “$70,070” for “$28,032”, “$32,321”, “$38,979”, “$49,893”, “$55,583”, “$29,500”, “$33,816”, “$41,120”, “$53,195”, and “$58,392”, respectively.

Subsec. (d)(4)(ii). Pub. L. 102–550, §509(e), substituted “$30,274”, “$34,363”, “$41,536”, “$52,135”, “$59,077”, “$32,701”, “$37,487”, “$45,583”, “$58,968”, and “$64,730” for “$25,228”, “$28,636”, “$34,613”, “$43,446”, “$49,231”, “$27,251”, “$31,239”, “$37,986”, “$49,140”, and “$53,942”, respectively.

Subsec. (d)(4)(iv). Pub. L. 102–550, §1012(*l*), inserted “(including the cost of evaluating and reducing lead-based paint hazards, as such terms are defined in section 4851b of title 42)” after “cost of repair and rehabilitation”.

Subsec. (g)(4)(A). Pub. L. 102–550, §516(d), which directed substitution of “issue to the mortgagee debentures having a par value” for “, subject to the cash adjustment provided herein, issue to the mortgagee debentures having total face value”, was executed to text which read “having a total face value” instead of “having total face value”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**1990**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–625, §611(b)(2), added fourth undesignated paragraph relating to authority of Secretary in establishing rental charges for project covered by mortgage bearing below market interest rate prescribed in proviso to subsec. (d)(3) of this section to include an amount that would permit return of advances to owner.

Subsec. (g)(4)(C). Pub. L. 101–508 added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 101–625, §612(b), added subsec. (*l*).

**1988**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 100–242, §406(b)(10)(A), substituted “residence, except that the Secretary” for “residence: *Provided*, That a mortgage secured by property upon which there is located a dwelling designed principally for a two-, three-, or four-family residence shall not be insured under this section except in the case of a dwelling for occupancy by the mortgagor: *Provided further*, That the Secretary”.

Pub. L. 100–242, §406(b)(10)(B), which directed that par. (2) be amended by striking out “*Provided*, That (i)” and all that follows through “(1) in” and inserting “*Provided*, That (i)(1) in”, was executed by substituting “*Provided*, That (i)(1) in the case of a displaced family” for “*Provided further*, That (i) if the mortgagor is the owner and an occupant of the property at the time of insurance, (1) in the case of a displaced family”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the fact that the provision being struck out began with “*Provided further*” rather than “*Provided*”.

Pub. L. 100–242, §406(b)(10)(C), struck out “*Provided further*, That nothing contained herein shall preclude the Secretary from issuing a commitment to insure, and insuring a mortgage pursuant thereto, where the mortgagor is not the owner and an occupant of the property, if the property is to be built or acquired and repaired or rehabilitated for sale, and the insured mortgage financing is required to facilitate the construction, or the repair or rehabilitation, of the dwelling and to provide financing pending the subsequent sale thereof to a qualified owner who is also an occupant thereof, but in such instances the mortgage shall not exceed 85 per centum of the appraised value:”.

Pub. L. 100–242, §406(b)(10)(D), which directed that par. (2) be amended in last proviso by substituting “That the mortgagor shall” for “That, if the mortgagor is the owner and an occupant of the property such mortgagor shall”, was executed by substituting “That the mortgagor shall” for “That, if the mortgagor is the owner and an occupant of the property, such mortgagor shall”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the fact that a comma appears before “such” in provisions being struck out.

Subsec. (d)(3)(ii). Pub. L. 100–242, §426(d), substituted “$28,032”, “$38,979”, “$49,893”, “$55,583”, “$29,500”, “$33,816”, “$41,120”, “$53,195”, and “$58,392” for “$21,563”, “$29,984”, “$38,379”, “$42,756, “$22,692”, “$26,012”, “$31,631”, “$40,919”, and “$44,917”, respectively.

Pub. L. 100–242, §426(d), which directed that cl. (ii) be amended by substituting “$32,321” for “$24,862”, was executed by substituting “$32,321” for “$24,662” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 100–242, §426(h), substituted “not to exceed 110 percent in any geographical area where the Secretary finds that cost levels so require and by not to exceed 140 percent where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project-by-project basis, but in no case may any such increase exceed 90 percent where the Secretary determines that a mortgage purchased or to be purchased by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions under section 1720 of this title (as such section existed immediately before November 30, 1983) is involved” for “not to exceed 75 per centum in any geographical area where he finds that cost levels so require, except that, where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project by project basis, the foregoing dollar amount limitations contained in this paragraph may be exceeded by not to exceed 90 per centum (by not to exceed 140 per centum where the Secretary determines that a mortgage other than one purchased or to be purchased under section 1720 of this title by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions is involved) in such an area”.

Subsec. (d)(4)(ii). Pub. L. 100–242, §426(e), (h), substituted “$25,228”, “$28,636”, “$34,613”, “$43,446”, “$49,231”, “$27,251”, “$31,239”, “$37,986”, “$49,140”, and “$53,942” for “$19,406”, “$22,028”, “$26,625”, “$33,420”, “$37,870”, “$20,962”, “$24,030”, “$29,220”, “$37,800”, and “$41,494”, respectively, and substituted “not to exceed 110 percent in any geographical area where the Secretary finds that cost levels so require and by not to exceed 140 percent where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project-by-project basis, but in no case may any such increase exceed 90 percent where the Secretary determines that a mortgage purchased or to be purchased by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions under section 1720 of this title (as such section existed immediately before November 30, 1983) is involved” for “not to exceed 75 per centum in any geographical area where he finds that cost levels so require, except that, where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project by project basis, the foregoing dollar amount limitations contained in this paragraph may be exceeded by not to exceed 90 per centum (by not to exceed 140 per centum where the Secretary determines that a mortgage other than one purchased or to be purchased under section 1720 of this title by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions is involved) in such an area”.

Subsec. (d)(6)(ii). Pub. L. 100–242, §406(b)(11), struck out “is an owner-occupant of the property and” after “where the mortgagor”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–707 substituted “and Emergency Assistance Act” for “Act of 1974”.

Pub. L. 100–242, §401(a)(2), struck out “No mortgage shall be insured under this section after March 15, 1988, except pursuant to a commitment to insure before that date, or except a mortgage covering property which the Secretary finds will assist in the provision of housing for displaced families.”

Pub. L. 100–200 substituted “March 15, 1988” for “December 16, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–179 substituted “December 16, 1987” for “December 2, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–170 substituted “December 2, 1987” for “November 15, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–154 substituted “November 15, 1987” for “October 31, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–122 substituted “October 31, 1987” for “September 30, 1987”.

Subsec. (h)(6). Pub. L. 100–242, §406(b)(12), struck out “and occupied” after “or row construction that are owned” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (h)(8). Pub. L. 100–242, §406(b)(13), struck out “if one of the units is to be occupied by the owner” after “approved by the Secretary”.

**1986**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–430 substituted “September 30, 1987” for “September 30, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–345 substituted “September 30, 1986” for “June 6, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–289 substituted “June 6, 1986” for “April 30, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–272 made amendment identical to Pub. L. 99–219. See 1985 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 99–267 substituted “April 30, 1986” for “March 17, 1986”.

**1985**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–219 substituted “March 17, 1986” for “December 15, 1985”.

Pub. L. 99–156 substituted “December 15, 1985” for “November 14, 1985”.

Pub. L. 99–120 substituted “November 14, 1985” for “September 30, 1985”.

**1984**—Subsec. (d)(3)(iii). Pub. L. 98–479 substituted “rehabilitated” for “rehabilited” before “by a local public agency”.

**1983**—Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 98–181, §423(b)(3), struck out “: *Provided further*, That the foregoing maximum mortgage amounts may be increased by the amount of the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured” before “; and (B)”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(iii). Pub. L. 98–181, §432(b), struck out proviso that in no case involving refinancing would the mortgage exceed the estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation and the amount, as determined by the Secretary, required to refinance existing indebtedness secured by the property or project, and substituted “*Provided*, That” for “*Provided further*, That”.

Subsec. (d)(4)(iv). Pub. L. 98–181, §432(c), struck out proviso that in no case involving refinancing would the mortgage exceed the estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation and the amount, as determined by the Secretary, required to refinance existing indebtedness secured by the property or project, and substituted “*Provided*, That” for “*Provided further*, That”.

Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 98–181, §404(b)(8), substituted “at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee” for “(exclusive of premium charges for insurance and service charge, if any) at not to exceed 5 per centum per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time, or not to exceed such per centum per annum not in excess of 6 per centum as the Secretary finds necessary to meet the mortgage market”.

Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 98–181, §446(d), inserted “(unless otherwise approved by the Secretary)” after “periodic payments”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–181, §401(c), substituted “September 30, 1985” for “November 30, 1983”.

Pub. L. 98–109 substituted “November 30, 1983” for “September 30, 1983”.

Pub. L. 98–35 substituted “September 30, 1983” for “May 20, 1983”.

Subsec. (g)(4)(A). Pub. L. 98–181, §§408, 409, designated existing provision as subpar. (A) and inserted “pursuant to a commitment to insure entered into before November 30, 1983,” after “this section”.

Subsec. (g)(4)(B). Pub. L. 98–181, §408, added subpar. (B).

**1982**—Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 97–253, §201(d)(1), inserted provision that the foregoing maximum mortgage amounts may be increased by the amount of the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured.

Subsec. (d)(2)(B)(i)(2). Pub. L. 97–253, §201(d)(2), (3), inserted “(excluding the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured)” after “of its acquisition cost” and struck out “mortgage insurance premium,” after “hazard insurance,”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(ii). Pub. L. 97–377 inserted “(by not to exceed 140 per centum where the Secretary determines that a mortgage other than one purchased or to be purchased under section 1720 of this title by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions is involved)” after “90 per centum”.

Subsec. (d)(4)(ii). Pub. L. 97–377 inserted “(by not to exceed 140 per centum where the Secretary determines that a mortgage other than one purchased or to be purchased under section 1720 of this title by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions is involved)” after “90 per centum”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–289 substituted “May 20, 1983” for “September 30, 1982”.

**1981**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–35, §331(c), substituted “1982” for “1981”.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 97–35, §339B(a), inserted “therein” after “installation” and struck out “therein” after “measure”.

**1980**—Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 96–399, §333(c), struck out proviso relating to maturity of a mortgage insured under subsection (d)(2) of this section.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–399, §301(c), substituted “September 30, 1981” for “October 15, 1980”.

Pub. L. 96–372 substituted “October 15, 1980” for “September 30, 1980”.

Subsec. (i)(2)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 96–399, §333(d), struck out applicability to determinations of lesser amount, if so determined, of three-quarters of the Secretary's estimate of the remaining economic life of the building improvements.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 96–399, §310(d), added subsec. (k).

**1979**—Subsec. (d)(3)(ii). Pub. L. 96–153, §314, substituted “75 per centum” for “50 per centum” and inserted exception that the dollar amount limitations may be exceeded not to exceed 90 per centum where the Secretary determines it to be necessary.

Subsec. (d)(4)(ii). Pub. L. 96–153, §314, substituted “75 per centum” for “50 per centum” and inserted exception that the dollar amount limitations may be exceeded by not to exceed 90 per centum where the Secretary determines it to be necessary.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–153 substituted “September 30, 1980” for “November 30, 1979”.

Pub. L. 96–105 substituted “November 30, 1979” for “October 31, 1979”.

Pub. L. 96–71 substituted “October 31, 1979” for “September 30, 1979”.

**1978**—Subsec. (d)(3)(ii). Pub. L. 95–557, §325(a), substituted “$21,563”, “$24,662”, “$29,984”, “$38,379”, and “$42,756” for “$16,860”, “$18,648”, “$22,356”, “$28,152” and “$31,884”, respectively, and “$22,692”, “$26,012”, “$31,631”, “$40,919”, and “$44,917” for “$19,680”, “$22,356”, “$26,496”, “$33,120”, and “$38,400”, respectively.

Subsec. (d)(4)(ii). Pub. L. 95–557, §325(b), substituted “$19,406”, “$22,028”, “$26,625”, “$33,420”, and “$37,870” for “$18,450”, “$20,625”, “$24,630”, “$29,640” and “$34,846”, respectively.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–557, §301(c), substituted “September 30, 1979” for “October 31, 1978”.

Pub. L. 95–406 substituted “October 31, 1978” for “September 30, 1978”.

**1977**—Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 95–128, §303(c), substituted “$31,000” for “$25,000”, “$36,000” for “$29,000” in two places, “$42,000” for “$33,000”, “$35,000” for “$28,000”, “$48,600” for “$38,880”, “$59,400” for “$47,520”, “$45,000” for “$36,000”, “$57,600” for “$46,080” and “$68,400” for “$54,720”.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 95–24 struck out “other than a mortgagor referred to in subsection (d)(3) of this section,” after “if executed by a mortgagor”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–128, §301(c), substituted “September 30, 1978” for “September 30, 1977”.

Pub. L. 95–80 substituted “September 30, 1977” for “July 31, 1977”.

Pub. L. 95–60 substituted “July 31, 1977” for “June 30, 1977”.

**1976**—Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 94–375, §3(d), substituted “$25,000” for “$21,600”, “$29,000” for “$25,200” in two places, and “$33,000” for “$28,800”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(ii). Pub. L. 94–375, §8(b)(4), substituted “50 per centum in any geographical area” for “75 per centum in any geographical area”, “$16,860” for “$11,240”, “$18,648” for “$15,540”, “$22,356” for “$18,630”, “$28,152” for “$23,460”, “$31,884” for “$26,570”, “$19,680” for “$13,120”, “$22,356” for “$18,630”, “$26,496” for “$22,080”, “$33,120” for “$27,600”, and “$38,400” for “$32,000”.

Subsec. (d)(4)(ii). Pub. L. 94–375, §8(b)(5), substituted “50 per centum in any geographical area” for “75 per centum in any geographical area”, “$18,450” for “$12,300”, “$20,625” for “$17,188”, “$24,630” for “$20,525”, “$29,640” for “$24,700”, “$34,846” for “$29,038”, “$20,962” for “$13,975”, “$24,030” for “$20,025”, “$29,220” for “$24,350”, “$37,800” for “$31,500”, and “$41,494” for “$34,578”.

**1975**—Subsec. (d)(3)(ii). Pub. L. 94–173, §3, raised from 45 per centum to 75 per centum the amount by which any dollar limitation may, by regulation, be increased.

Subsec. (d)(4)(ii). Pub. L. 94–173, §3, raised from 45 per centum to 75 per centum the amount by which any dollar limitation may, by regulation, be increased.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 94–173, §4(a), struck out a provision limiting to 10 per centum the number of dwelling units available to low and moderate income persons under the age of 62 in a project financed with a mortgage issued under subsection (d)(3) of this section.

**1974**—Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 93–383, §302(c), substituted “$21,600” for “$18,000”, “$25,200” for “$21,000” wherever appearing, “$28,000” for “$24,000”, “$28,800” for “$24,000”, “$36,000” for “$30,000”, “$38,880” for “$32,400”, “$46,080” for “$38,400”, “$47,520” for “$39,600”, and “$54,720” for “$45,600”.

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 93–383, §319(a), inserted exception for certification of projects assisted or to be assisted pursuant to section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937.

Subsec. (d)(3)(i). Pub. L. 93–383, §304(e)(1), struck out cl. (i) which set forth mortgage ceiling of $12,500,000.

Subsec. (d)(3)(ii). Pub. L. 93–383, §303(d), substituted “$11,240” for “$9,200”, “$13,120” for “$10,925”, “$15,540” for “$12,937.50”, “$16,200” for “$13,500”, “$18,630” for “$15,525”, “$22,080” for “$18,400”, “$23,460” for “$19,550” “$26,570” for “$22,137.50”, “$27,600” for “$23,000”, and “$32,000” for “$26,162.50”.

Subsec. (d)(4)(i). Pub. L. 93–383, §304(e)(2), struck out cl. (i) which set forth mortgage ceiling of $12,500,000.

Subsec. (d)(4)(ii). Pub. L. 93–383, §303(e), substituted “$12,300” for “$9,200”, “$13,975” for “$10,525”, “$17,188” for “$12,937.50”, “$20,025” for “$15,525”, “$20,525” for “$15,525”, “$24,350” for “$18,400”, “$24,700” for “$19,550”, “$29,038” for “$22,137.50”, “$31,500” for “$23,000”, and “$34,578” for “$26,162.50”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–383, §316(c), substituted “June 30, 1977” for “October 1, 1974”.

Pub. L. 93–288 substituted “the Disaster Relief Act of 1974” for “the Disaster Relief Act of 1970”.

**1973**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–117 extended the mortgage insurance authority under this section from Oct. 1, 1973, to Oct. 1, 1974.

Pub. L. 93–85 extended the mortgage insurance authority under this section from June 30, 1973, to Oct. 1, 1973.

**1972**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 92–503 extended the mortgage insurance authority under this section from October 1, 1972 to June 30, 1973.

**1970**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 91–609 in second par., substituted “October 1, 1972” for “January 1, 1971”; provided for use of certain housing facilities for classroom purposes where public schools in the community are overcrowded due in part to attendance of residents of the property or project; dispensed with need for kitchen facilities in family units in projects for displaced, elderly, or handicapped families, but permitted inclusion of central dining and other shared facilities; provided that any person who is a displaced person shall be deemed to be a family; and, in third par., substituted “the terms ‘displaced family’, ‘displaced families’, and ‘displaced person’ shall mean a family or families, or a person” for “the terms ‘displaced family’ and ‘displaced families’ shall mean a family or families”, respectively.

Pub. L. 91–606 substituted “the Disaster Relief Act of 1970” for “the Act entitled ‘An Act to authorize Federal assistance to States and local governments in major disasters, and for other purposes’, approved September 30, 1950, as amended”.

Pub. L. 91–525 substituted “January 1, 1971” for “December 1, 1970”.

Pub. L. 91–473 substituted “December 1, 1970” for “November 1, 1970”.

Pub. L. 91–432 substituted “November 1, 1970” for “October 1, 1970”.

**1969**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 91–152, §113(e)(1), (2), substituted “$18,000” for “$15,000”, “$21,000” for “$17,500”, wherever appearing, “$24,000” for “$20,000” wherever appearing, “$30,000” for “$25,000”, “$32,400” for “$27,000”, “$38,400” for “$32,000”, “$39,600” for “$33,000”, and “$45,600” for “$38,000”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(ii). Pub. L. 91–152, §113(e)(3), (4), substituted “$9,200” for “$8,000”, “$10,925” for “$9,500”, “$12,937.50” for “$11,250”, “$15,525” for “$13,500” wherever appearing, “$18,400” for “$16,000”, “$19,550” for “$17,000”, “$22,137.50” for “$19,250”, “$23,000” for “$20,000”, and “$26,162.50” for “$22,750”.

Subsec. (d)(4)(ii). Pub. L. 91–152, §113(e)(5), (6), substituted “$9,200” for “$8,000”, “$10,925” for “$9,500”, “$12,937.50” for “$11,250”, “$15,525” for “$13,500” wherever appearing, “$18,400” for “$16,000”, “$19,550” for “$17,000”, “$22,137.50” for “$19,250”, “$23,000” for “$20,000”, and “$26,162.50” for “$22,750”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 91–152, §101(c), substituted “October 1, 1970” for “January 1, 1970”.

Pub. L. 91–78 substituted “January 1, 1970” for “October 1, 1969”.

Subsec. (h)(6)(A). Pub. L. 91–152, §113(e)(7), substituted “$18,000” for “$15,000”.

**1968**—Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 90–448, §§101(b)(1), 305, increased maximum amount of mortgages for single-family residences from $12,500 to $15,000 (or $17,500 if mortgagor's family includes five or more persons), and in geographical areas where costs levels so require from $15,000 to $17,500 (or $20,000 if the mortgagor's family includes five or more persons), and §305(d)(2)(A) substituted “the mortgagor” for “a displaced family” in first proviso.

Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 90–448, §101(b)(2), inserted “, in cash or its equivalent” in cl. (2), and inserted proviso directing that a mortgagor who is the owner and an occupant of the property be given the opportunity to contribute the value of his labor as equity in such dwelling.

Subsec. (d)(3)(iii). Pub. L. 90–448, §311(b), inserted proviso to permit the mortgage to involve the financing of the purchase of property which has been rehabilitated by a local public agency with Federal assistance pursuant to section 1460(c)(8) of title 42.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 90–448, §§105(d), 306, authorized the Secretary to insure mortgages meeting the requirements of subsec. (i) or (j) of this section, struck out “if the mortgagor waives the right to receive dividends on its equity investment in the portion thereof devoted to community and shopping facilities” from first proviso, and inserted proviso making provisions of section 1715k(d)(3)(B)(iv) applicable, in the case of a mortgage which bears interest at the below-market interest rate prescribed in subsec. (d)(5) of this section, only if the mortgagor waives the right to receive dividends on its equity investment in the portion thereof devoted to commercial facilities.

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 90–448, §105(b), included mortgages meeting requirements of par. (2) of subsec. (i) of this section.

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 90–448, §105(c), included mortgages meeting requirements of par. (2) of subsec. (j) of this section.

Subsec. (h)(2)(A). Pub. L. 90–448, §316(a), reduced number of one-family dwellings from five or more to four or more, and permitted the mortgage to cover four or more one-family units in a structure or structures for which a plan of family unit ownership approved by the Secretary is established.

Subsec. (h)(4). Pub. L. 90–448, §101(c)(2), increased aggregate principal balance of mortgages insured from $20,000,000 to $50,000,000.

Subsec. (h)(5)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 90–448, §101(c)(1), permitted mortgage to bear interest at such lower rate, not less than 1 per centum, as the Secretary may prescribe if in his judgment purchaser's income is sufficiently low to justify the lower rate, and inserted proviso requiring rate of interest to be increased if purchaser's income subsequently rises.

Subsec. (h)(6). Pub. L. 90–448, §101(c)(3), added par. (6).

Subsec. (h)(7), (8). Pub. L. 90–448, §316(b), added pars. (7) and (8).

Subsecs. (i), (j). Pub. L. 90–448, §105(a), added subsecs. (i) and (j).

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (b), (d)(1) to (3), (d)(3)(ii), (iii), (d)(4), (d)(4)(ii) to (iv), (d)(5), (6), (e)(1), (2), (f), and (g)(3), (4).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(4), substituted “Secretary's” for “Commissioner's” wherever appearing in pars. (2), (3)(iii), (4)(iv), and (6).

**1966**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–769, §4(a), substituted “displaced families” for “families displaced from urban renewal areas or as a result of governmental action”.

Subsec. (d)(2), (6). Pub. L. 89–769, §4(a), substituted “displaced family” for “family displaced from an urban renewal area or as a result of governmental action” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 89–754, §307, increased maximum amount of mortgages for single-family and two-family residences from $11,000 and $18,000 to $12,500 and $20,000, respectively.

Subsec. (d)(3)(iii). Pub. L. 89–769, §4(a), substituted “displaced families” for “families displaced by urban renewal or other governmental action”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 89–769, §4(a), (b), substituted “displaced families” for “families displaced from urban renewal areas or as a result of governmental action”, and inserted definition of “displaced family” and “displaced families”.

Pub. L. 89–754, §§308, 309, 310(c), inserted in first sentence provision for nondwelling facilities in projects in urban renewal areas, inserted provision respecting single occupants in housing under subsec. (d)(3) of this section, and inserted in fourth sentence “or which meet the requirements of subsection (h) of this section”, respectively.

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 89–754, §310(b)(1), inserted “or paragraph (5) of subsection (h) of this section”.

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 89–754, §310(b)(2), inserted “or paragraph (1) of subsection (h) of this section”.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 89–754, §310(a), added subsec. (h). A prior subsec. (h) was repealed by Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(i)(4), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 505.

**1965**—Subsec. (d)(3)(ii). Pub. L. 89–117, §207(d), substituted “$17,000 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $19,250 per family unit with four or more bedrooms” for “and $17,000 per family unit with three or more bedrooms” and “$20,000 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $22,750 per family unit with four or more bedrooms” for “and $20,000 per family unit with three or more bedrooms”.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 89–117, §§207(d), 1108(i)(1), substituted “$17,000 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $19,250 per family unit with four or more bedrooms” for “and $17,000 per family unit with three or more bedrooms” and “$20,000 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $22,750 per family unit with four or more bedrooms” for “and $20,000 per family unit with three or more bedrooms” in subpar. (ii) and substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “section 221 Housing Insurance Fund” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 89–117, §102(b), substituted “not less than the lower of (A) 3 per centum per annum, or (B) the annual rate of interest determined” for “not less than the annual rate of interest determined” in proviso.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 89–117, §§102(a), 1108(i)(1), substituted “this section after October 1, 1969” for “subsection (d)(2) or (d)(4) after September 30, 1965, or under subsection (d)(3) after September 30, 1965” and substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “section 221 Housing Insurance Fund”.

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(i)(1), substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “section 221 Housing Insurance Fund”.

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(i)(2), struck out provision that all references in section 1713 to the Housing Insurance Fund or the Housing Fund shall be construed to refer to the section 221 Housing Insurance Fund.

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(i)(1), (3), substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “section 221 Housing Insurance Fund” and struck out provision that all references in section 1713 of this title to the Housing Insurance Fund, the Housing Fund, or the Fund shall be construed to refer to the section 221 Housing Insurance Fund.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(i)(4), repealed subsec. (h) which created the section 221 Housing Insurance Fund, provided for the transfer of funds thereto, authorized the purchase and cancellation of debentures and the credit and payment of charges and fees.

**1964**—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 88–560, §114(a), inserted “, or other mortgagor approved by the Commissioner, and” after “or association”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(ii), (4)(ii). Pub. L. 88–560, §107(d)(1), (2), changed limits on mortgages for property or project attributable to dwelling use from “$2,250 per room (or $8,500 per family unit if the number of rooms in such property or project is less than four per family unit)” to “$8,000 per family unit without a bedroom, $11,250 per family unit with one bedroom, $13,500 per family unit with two bedrooms, and $17,000 per family unit with three or more bedrooms”, changed such mortgage limits on project consisting of elevator-type structures from a sum “of $2,250 per room to not to exceed $2,750 per room, and the dollar amount limitation of $8,500 per family unit to not to exceed $9,000 per family unit” to dollar amount limitations “per family unit to not to exceed $9,500 per family unit without a bedroom, $13,500 per family unit with one bedroom, $16,000 per family unit with two bedrooms, and $20,000 per family unit with three or more bedrooms”, and substituted provision authorizing an increase “by not to exceed 45 per centum” of any of such limits because of cost levels for former provision authorizing such an increase “by not to exceed $1,000 per room without regard to the number of rooms being less than four, or four or more”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(iii). Pub. L. 88–560, §114(c), inserted “*Provided further*, That in the case of any mortgagor other than a nonprofit corporation or association, cooperative (including an investor-sponsor), or public body, or a mortgagor meeting the special requirements of subsection (e)(1) of this section, the amount of the mortgage shall not exceed 90 per centum of the amount otherwise authorized under this section”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 88–560, §114(b), added par. (1) and designated existing provisions as par. (2).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 88–560, §§114(d), 202, 203(b), extended the mortgage insurance authority under subsec. (d)(2) and (4) of this section from July 1, 1965 to Sept. 30, 1965, inserted definition of “family”, and substituted in such definition “person who is sixty-two years of age or over, or who is a handicapped person within the meaning of section 1701q of this title,” for “person who is sixty-two years of age or over”.

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 88–560, §105(c)(2), substituted a period for “; or” and inserted “If the insurance is paid in cash, there shall be added to such payment an amount equivalent to the interest which the debentures would have earned, computed to a date to be established pursuant to regulations issued by the Commissioner.”

**1963**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 88–54 extended mortgage insurance authority under subsec. (d)(2) and (4) of this section from July 1, 1963, to July 1, 1965.

**1961**—Pub. L. 87–70, §101(a)(1), added section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–70, §101(a)(2), redefined the purpose of this section as one to assist private industry in providing housing for low and moderate income families and families displaced from urban renewal areas or as a result of governmental action, and eliminated provisions which required localities, communities or environs of communities to request the mortgage insurance, which limited the number of dwelling units to not more than the aggregate number which the Housing Administrator certified to the Commissioner, and which authorized assistance for relocation of families to be displaced as the result of governmental action in a community to those cases in which a certification by the Housing Administrator pursuant to section 1451(c) of title 42 has been made, or there is being carried out a project covered by a Federal aid contract executed, or prior approval granted, under subchapter II of chapter 8A of title 42, or there is being carried out an urban renewal project assisted under section 1462 of title 42.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 87–70, §101(a)(3), empowered the Commissioner to insure advances during construction on mortgages covering property of the character described in pars. (3) and (4) of subsec. (d) of this section.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 87–70, §101(a)(4), (5), increased the maximum amount of mortgages for single-family residences from $9,000 to $11,000, three-family residences from $25,000 to $27,000 and for four-family residences from $32,000 to $33,000, increased the maximum amount of mortgages that the Commissioner may authorize in cases where he finds the cost levels so require from $12,000 to $15,000 for single-family residences, $20,000 to $25,000 for two-family residences, $27,500 to $32,000 for three-family residences and $35,000 to $38,000 for four-family residences, required families other than those displaced from an urban renewal area or as a result of Government action to pay on account of the property at least 3 per centum of the Commissioner's estimate of its acquisition cost, prohibited insurance of mortgages for dwellings designed principally for two-, three-, or four-family residences except in the case of dwellings for occupancy by a family displaced from an urban renewal area or as a result of governmental action, and eliminated provisions which required the Commissioner to prescribe procedures relating to priorities in occupancy of the remaining units of two-, three-, and four-family dwellings after occupancy of one unit by the owner.

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 87–70, §101(a)(6), included public bodies and agencies which certify that they are not receiving financial assistance exclusively pursuant to the United States Housing Act of 1937 cooperatives, and limited dividend corporations, increased the maximum amount of mortgages from not more than $9,000 per family unit for such part of such property or project as may be attributable to dwelling use to not more than $2,250 per room (or $8,500 per family unit if the number of rooms is less than four per family unit) for such part of such property or project as may be attributable to dwelling use (excluding exterior land improvements), empowered the Commissioner to increase the maximum from $2,250 to $2,750 per room and from $8,500 to $9,000 per family unit to compensate for higher costs incident to the construction of elevator-type structures, and in geographical areas which the cost levels so require from $2,250 to $3,250 per room, increased the maximum amount of the mortgage in the case of repair and rehabilitation from not more than the Commissioner's estimate of the value of the property when the proposed repair and rehabilitation is completed to not more than the sum of the estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation and the Commissioner's estimate of the value of the property before repair and rehabilitation, limited, in cases involving refinancing, the amount of the mortgage to not more than the estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation and the amount (as determined by the Commissioner) required to refinance existing indebtedness secured by the property or project, and eliminated provisions which required the property or project to be for use as rental accommodations for ten or more families eligible for occupancy.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 87–70, §101(a)(7)–(10), substituted “other than a mortgagor referred to in subsection (d)(3) of this section” for “which is not a nonprofit organization” in opening provisions, increased the maximum amount of mortgages from not more than $9,000 per family unit for such part of such property or project as may be attributable to dwelling use to not more than $2,250 per room (or $8,500 per family unit if the number of rooms is less than four per family unit) for such part of such property or project as may be attributable to dwelling use (excluding exterior land improvements), empowered the Commissioner to increase the maximum from $2,250 to $2,750 per room and from $8,500 to $9,000 per family unit to compensate for higher costs incident to the construction of elevator-type structures, and in geographical areas which the cost levels so require from $2,250 to $3,250 per room, increased the maximum amount of the mortgage in the case of repair and rehabilitation from not more than 90 per centum of the Commissioner's estimate of the value of the property or project when the proposed repair and rehabilitation is completed to not more than 90 per centum of the sum of the estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation and the Commissioner's estimate of the value of the property before repair and rehabilitation, limited, in cases involving refinancing, the amount of the mortgage to not more than the estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation and the amount (as determined by the Commissioner) required to refinance existing indebtedness secured by the property of project, and eliminated provisions which required the property or project to be for use as rental accommodations for ten or more families eligible for occupancy.

Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 87–70, §101(a)(10), (11), struck out provisions which required the mortgage to provide for complete amortization by periodic payments within such terms as the Commissioner may prescribe, but not to exceed 40 years from the date of insurance of the mortgage or three-quarters of the Commissioner's estimate of the remaining economic life of the building improvements, whichever is the lesser, and inserted proviso requiring the mortgage to bear interest at not less than the annual rate of interest determined by estimating the average market yield to maturity on all outstanding marketable obligations of the United States, and by adjusting such yield to the nearest one-eighth of 1 per centum.

Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 87–70, §101(a)(10), added par. (6).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 87–70, §101(a)(12), required a property or project covered by a mortgage insured under subsec. (d)(3) or (d)(4) of this section to include five or more family units, empowered the Commissioner to adopt such procedures and requirements to assure that the dwelling accommodations provided under this section are available to families displaced from urban renewal areas or as a result of governmental action, authorized the Commissioner to insure a mortgage which meets subsec. (d)(3) of this section with no premium charge, with a reduced premium charge, or with a premium charge for such period or periods during the time the insurance is in effect as he may determine, and prohibited insurance of mortgages under subsec. (d)(2) or (d)(4) of this section after July 1, 1963, or under subsec. (d)(3) of this section after July 1, 1965, except pursuant to a commitment to insure before that date or except a mortgage covering property which will assist in the provision of housing for families displaced from urban renewal areas or as a result of governmental action.

Subsec. (g)(3), (4). Pub. L. 87–70, §101(a)(13), (14), added par. (3), redesignated former par. (3) as (4), and substituted “this paragraph” for “this paragraph (3)”.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 87–70, §101(a)(15), inserted “cash payments,” after “cash adjustments,” in last sentence.

**1959**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–372, §110(a)(1), (2), inserted provisions in first par. to authorize assistance in relocating families residing in the environs of a community described in cl. (2) which are to be displaced as the result of governmental action, inserted provisions in second par. making mortgage insurance available in environs of communities and substituted “in or near any such community” for “in any such community” in second proviso of second par.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 86–372, §110(b), required a mortgage to be secured by property upon which there is located a dwelling conforming to applicable standards prescribed by the Commissioner under subsec. (f) of this section, and meeting the requirements of all State laws, or local ordinances or regulations, relating to the public health or safety, zoning, or otherwise, which may be applicable thereto, increased the maximum amount of the mortgage on a single-family residence in a high cost area from $10,000 to $12,000, authorized insurance of mortgages for two-, three-, and four-family residences and required the Commissioner to prescribe such procedures as are necessary to secure to families, referred to in subsec. (a) of this section, priorities in occupancy of the remaining units of two-, three-, and four-family dwellings after occupancy of one unit by the owner.

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 86–372, §110(c)(1), (2), substituted “$12,000” for “$10,000”, and “not in excess of (1) in the case of new construction, the amount which the Commissioner estimates will be the replacement cost of the property or project when the proposed improvements are completed (the replacement cost may include the land, the proposed physical improvements utilities within the boundaries of the land, architect's fees, taxes, interest during construction, and other miscellaneous charges incident to construction and approved by the Commissioner), or (2) in the case of repair and rehabilitation, the Commissioner's estimate of the value of the property when the proposed repair and rehabilitation is completed: *Provided*, That such property or project, when constructed, or repaired and rehabilitated, shall be for use as rental accommodations for ten or more families eligible for occupancy as provided in this section; or” for “not in excess of the Commissioner's estimate of the value of the property or project when constructed, or repaired and rehabilitated, for use as rental accommodations for ten or more families eligible for occupancy as provided in this section; and”.

Subsec. (d)(4), (5). Pub. L. 86–372, §110(c)(3), added par. (4) and redesignated former par. (4) as (5).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 86–372, §110(d), authorized the property or project to include such commercial and community facilities as the Commissioner deems adequate to serve the occupants.

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 86–372, §116(b), inserted reference to subsec. (k) of section 1710 of this title.

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 86–372, §110(e), substituted “paragraph (3) or (4)” for “paragraph (3)”.

**1957**—Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 85–104 substituted “(h), and (j) of section 1710 of this title” for “and (h) of section 1710 of this title”.

**1956**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §307(c), inserted in first sentence “, or (3) there is being carried out an urban renewal project assisted under section 1462 of title 42” and substituted “clause (2) or (3)” for “clause (2)” each place it appears in last proviso.

Subsec. (d). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §108, substituted “$9,000” for “$7,600” and “$10,000” for “$8,600” in pars. (2) and (3); amended par. (2) to allow mortgage insurance for appraised value and to require at least $200 initial payment, which amount could include prepaid expenses, in lieu of former provisions which allowed mortgage to be insured up to 95 percent of the appraised value and required at least a 5 percent initial payment; eliminated “95 per centum of” after “not in excess of” and inserted “or the Federal Housing Commissioner” after “agencies thereof” in par. (3) and substituted “forty” for “thirty” in par. (4).

**1955**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 11, 1955, §102(j), authorized assistance in relocating families from urban renewal areas even though such families are not required to leave the area.

Subsec. (d)(3). Act Aug. 11, 1955, §102(c), increased from $5,000,000 to $12,500,000 the limitation on the maximum amount of a mortgage.

Amendment by section 406(b)(10)–(13) of Pub. L. 100–242 applicable only with respect to mortgages insured pursuant to conditional commitment issued on or after Feb. 5, 1988, or in accordance with direct endorsement program (24 CFR 200.163), if approved underwriter of mortgagee signs appraisal report for property on or after Feb. 5, 1988, see section 406(d) of Pub. L. 100–242, set out as a note under section 1709 of this title.

For effective date of amendment by section 423(b)(3) of Pub. L. 98–181, see section 423(c) of Pub. L. 98–181, set out as a note under section 1709 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–288 effective Apr. 1, 1974, see section 605 of Pub. L. 93–288, formerly set out as an Effective Date note under section 5121 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–606 effective Dec. 31, 1970, see section 304 of Pub. L. 91–606, set out as a note under section 165 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–253 to be implemented only if Secretary determines that program of advance payment of insurance premiums, considering the effect of said amendment, is actuarially sound, see section 201(g) of Pub. L. 97–253, set out as a note under section 1709 of this title.

Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to implement system of mortgage insurance for mortgages insured under this section that delegates processing functions to selected approved mortgagees, with Secretary to retain authority to approve rents, expenses, property appraisals, and mortgage amounts and to execute firm commitments, see section 328 of Pub. L. 101–625, set out as a note under section 1713 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–494, §1, Oct. 31, 1990, 104 Stat. 1185, provided that:

“(a)

“(b) *l* note) shall be deemed to have been in effect on and after September 29, 1990, as if Public Law 101–402 had been enacted on September 29, 1990.

“(c) *l* note), other than section 203, are amended to read as such provisions were in effect on September 29, 1990. The amendment made by this subsection shall take effect as if this Act were enacted on September 29, 1990.

“(d)

The Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987, consisting of title II of Pub. L. 100–242, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1877, amended the National Housing Act, the United States Housing Act of 1937, and the Housing Act of 1949, and enacted provisions formerly set out as a note under this section. The provisions set out as a note under this section consisted of subtitles A and B [§§201–203, 221–230, and 231–235] of title II of Pub. L. 100–242, as amended by Pub. L. 100–628, title X, §§1021–1027, Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3270, 3271; Pub. L. 101–235, title II, §§201, 202(a)–(c), 203(b), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2037, 2038; Pub. L. 101–402, §1, Oct. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 866; Pub. L. 101–494, §§1(c), 2(a), Oct. 31, 1990, 104 Stat. 1185, which set up a temporary program for the prepayment of mortgages on low income housing insured under the National Housing Act that terminated on the date of enactment of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act (Nov. 28, 1990). The Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act [Pub. L. 101–625] amended subtitles A and B of title II of Pub. L. 100–242 generally, changing the name of title II of Pub. L. 100–242 to the “Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990”. As amended, subtitles A and B of title II are classified generally to subchapter I (§4101 et seq.) of chapter 42 of this title. Prior to the general revision by Pub. L. 101–625, subtitles A and B of title II read as follows:

“This title [amending sections 1715z–6 and 1715z–15 of this title and sections 1437f, 1472, 1485, and 1487 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the ‘Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987’.

“(a)

“(1) in the next 15 years, more than 330,000 low income housing units insured or assisted under sections 221(d)(3) and 236 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715*l*(d)(3), 1715z–1] could be lost as a result of the termination of low income affordability restrictions;

“(2) in the next decade, more than 465,000 low income housing units produced with assistance under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f] could be lost as a result of the expiration of the rental assistance contracts;

“(3) some 150,000 units of rural low income housing financed under section 515 of the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1485] are threatened with loss as a result of the prepayment of mortgages by owners;

“(4) the loss of this privately owned and federally assisted housing, which would occur in a period of sharply rising rents on unassisted housing and extremely low production of additional low rent housing, would inflict unacceptable harm on current tenants and would precipitate a grave national crisis in the supply of low income housing that was neither anticipated nor intended when contracts for these units were entered into;

“(5) the loss of this affordable housing, to encourage the production of which the public has provided substantial benefits over past years, would irreparably damage hard-won progress toward such important and long-established national objectives as—

“(A) providing a more adequate supply of decent, safe, and sanitary housing that is affordable to low income Americans;

“(B) increasing the supply of housing affordable to low income Americans that is accessible to employment opportunities; and

“(C) expanding housing opportunities for all Americans, particularly members of disadvantaged minorities;

“(6) the provision of an adequate supply of low income housing has depended and will continue to depend upon a strong, long-term partnership between the public and private sectors that accommodates a fair return on investment;

“(7) recent reductions in Federal housing assistance and tax benefits related to low income housing have increased the incentives for private industry to withdraw from the production and management of low income housing;

“(8) efforts to retain this housing must take account of specific financial and market conditions that differ markedly from project to project;

“(9) a major review of alternative responses to this threatened loss of affordable housing is now being undertaken by numerous private sector task forces as well as State and local organizations; and

“(10) until the Congress can act on recommendations that will emerge from this review, interim measures are needed to avoid the irreplaceable loss of low income housing and irrevocable displacement of current tenants.

“(b)

“(1) to preserve and retain to the maximum extent practicable as housing affordable to low income families or persons those privately owned dwelling units that were produced for such purpose with Federal assistance;

“(2) to minimize the involuntary displacement of tenants currently residing in such housing; and

“(3) to continue the partnership between all levels of government and the private sector in the production and operation of housing that is affordable to low income Americans.

“(a)

“(1) subtitles B and D [amending sections 1715z–6 and 1715z–15 of this title and sections 1437f and 1485 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare and enacting provisions set out in this note] are repealed; and

“(2) each provision of law amended by subtitle B or D is amended to read as it would without such amendment.

“(b)

“(a)

“(b)

“An owner of eligible low income housing seeking to initiate prepayment or other changes in the status or terms of the mortgage or regulatory agreement (including a request to terminate the insurance contract pursuant to section 229 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715t]) shall file with the Secretary a notice of the intent of the owner in such form and manner as the Secretary shall prescribe. The owner shall simultaneously file the notice of intent with any appropriate State or local government agency for the jurisdiction within which the housing is located.

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) a description of any proposed changes in the status or terms of the mortgage or regulatory agreement, which may include a request for incentives to extend the low income use of the housing;

“(2) a description of any assistance that could be provided by State or local government agencies, as determined by prior consultation between the owner and any appropriate State or local agencies;

“(3) a description of any proposed changes in the low income affordability restrictions;

“(4) a description of any change in ownership that is related to prepayment;

“(5) an assessment of the effect of the proposed changes on existing tenants;

“(6) a statement of the effect of the proposed changes on the supply of housing affordable to lower and very low income families or persons in the community within which the housing is located and in the area that the housing could reasonably be expected to serve; and

“(7) any other information that the Secretary determines is necessary to achieve the purposes of this title.

“(c)

“(d)

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) An increase in the allowable distribution or other measures to increase the rate of return on investment.

“(2) Revisions to the method of calculating equity.

“(3) Increased access to residual receipts accounts or excess replacement reserves.

“(4) Provision of insurance for a second mortgage under section 241(f) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715z–6(f)].

“(5) An increase in the rents permitted under an existing contract under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f], or (subject to the availability of amounts provided in appropriation Acts) additional assistance under such section 8 or an extension of any project-based assistance attached to the housing.

“(6) Financing of capital improvements under section 201 of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1978 [12 U.S.C. 1715z–1a].

“(7) Other actions, authorized in other provisions of law, to facilitate a transfer or sale of the project to a qualified nonprofit organization, limited equity tenant cooperative, public agency, or other entity acceptable to the Secretary.

“(8) Other incentives authorized in law.

“(a)

“(1) implementation of the plan of action will not materially increase economic hardship for current tenants (and will not in any event result in (A) a monthly rental payment by a current tenant that exceeds 30 percent of the monthly adjusted income of the tenant or an increase in the monthly rental payment in any year that exceeds 10 percent (whichever is lower), or (B) in the case of a current tenant who already pays more than such percentage, an increase in the monthly rental payment in any year that exceeds the increase in the Consumer Price Index or 10 percent (whichever is lower)) or involuntarily displace current tenants (except for good cause) where comparable and affordable housing is not readily available, determined without regard to the availability of Federal housing assistance that would address any such hardship or involuntary displacement; and

“(2)(A) the supply of vacant, comparable housing is sufficient to ensure that such prepayment will not materially affect—

“(i) the availability of decent, safe, and sanitary housing affordable to lower income and very low-income families or persons in the area that the housing could reasonably be expected to serve;

“(ii) the ability of lower income and very low-income families or persons to find affordable, decent, safe, and sanitary housing near employment opportunities; or

“(iii) the housing opportunities of minorities in the community within which the housing is located; or

“(B) the plan has been approved by the appropriate State agency and any appropriate local government agency for the jurisdiction within which the housing is located as being in accordance with a State strategy approved by the Secretary under section 226.

“(b)

“(1) the package of incentives is necessary to provide a fair return on the investment of the owner;

“(2) due diligence has been given to ensuring that the package of incentives is, for the Federal Government, the least costly alternative that is consistent with the full achievement of the purposes of this title; and

“(3) binding commitments have been made to ensure that—

“(A) the housing will be retained as housing affordable for very low-income families or persons, lower income families or persons, and moderate income families or persons for the remaining term of the mortgage;

“(B) throughout such period, adequate expenditures will be made for maintenance and operation of the housing;

“(C) current tenants shall not be involuntarily displaced (except for good cause);

“(D) any increase in rent contributions for current tenants shall be to a level that does not exceed 30 percent of the adjusted income of the tenant or the fair market rent for comparable housing under section 8(b) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f(b)], whichever is lower;

“(E)(i) any resulting increase in rents for current tenants (except for increases made necessary by increased operating costs)—

“(I) shall be phased in equally over a period of not less than 3 years, if such increase is 30 percent or more; and

“(II) shall be limited to not more than 10 percent per year if such increase is more than 10 percent but less than 30 percent; and

“(ii) assistance under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 shall be provided if necessary to mitigate any adverse affect on current income eligible tenants; and

“(F)(i) rents for units becoming available to new tenants shall be at levels approved by the Secretary that will ensure, to the extent practicable, that the units will be available and affordable to the same proportions of very low-income families or persons, lower income families or persons, and moderate income families or persons (including families or persons whose incomes are 95 percent or more of area median income) as resided in the housing as of January 1, 1987 (based on the area median income limits established by the Secretary in February, 1987), or the date the plan of action is approved, whichever date results in the highest proportion of very low-income families, except that this limitation shall not prohibit a higher proportion of very low-income families from occupying the housing; and

“(ii) in approving rents under this paragraph, the Secretary shall take into account any additional incentives provided under this subtitle and shall make provision for such annual rent adjustments as may be made necessary by future reasonable increases in operating costs.

“(c)

“(1) Modification of the binding commitments made pursuant to subsection (b) that are dependent on such rental assistance.

“(2) If action under paragraph (1) is not feasible, release of an owner from the binding commitments made pursuant to subsection (b) that are dependent on such rental assistance.

“(3) If action under paragraphs (1) and (2) would, in the determination of the Secretary, result in the default of the insured loan, approval of the revised plan of action, notwithstanding subsection (a), that involves the termination of low-income affordability restrictions.

At least 30 days prior to making a request under the preceding sentence, an owner shall notify the Secretary of the owner's intention to submit the request. The Secretary shall have a period of 90 days following receipt of such notice to take action to extend the rental assistance contract and to continue the binding commitments under subsection (b).

“(d)

“(a)

“(1) current tenants will not be involuntarily displaced (except for good cause);

“(2) housing opportunities for minorities will not be adversely affected in the communities within which the housing is located;

“(3) any increase in rent for current tenants shall be to a level that does not exceed 30 percent of the adjusted income of the tenants or the fair market rent for comparable housing under section 8(b) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f(b)], whichever is lower, except that any increase not necessitated by increased operating costs shall be phased in equally over not less than 3 years if such increase exceeds 10 percent;

“(4) housing approved under the State strategy will remain affordable to very low-income, lower income or moderate income families and persons for not less than the remaining term of the original mortgage, if the housing is to be made available for rental, or for not less than 40 years, if the housing is to be made available for homeownership;

“(5)(A) not less than 80 of all units in eligible low income housing approved under the State strategy shall be retained as affordable to families or persons meeting the income eligibility standards for initial occupancy that applies to the housing on January 1, 1987; and

“(B) not less than 60 percent of the units in any one project shall remain available and affordable to such families or persons, within which not less than 20 percent of the units shall remain available and affordable to very low income families or persons as determined by the Secretary with adjustments for smaller and larger families;

“(6) expenditures for rehabilitation, maintenance and operation shall be at a level necessary to maintain the housing as decent, safe and sanitary for the period specified in paragraph (4);

“(7) not less than 25 percent of new assistance required to maintain low income affordability in accordance with this section shall be provided through State and local actions, such as tax exempt financing, low-income tax credits, State or local tax concessions, and other incentives provided by the State or local governments; and

“(8) for each unit of eligible low income housing approved under the State strategy that is not retained as affordable to families or persons meeting the income eligibility standards for initial occupancy on January 1, 1987, the State will provide with State funds 1 additional unit of comparable housing in the same market area that is available and affordable to such families or persons, and such units or funds shall be made available before the Secretary approves the State strategy.

“(b)

“(1) The Secretary may not approve a State strategy until the State has entered into all of the agreements necessary to carry out the strategy.

“(2) Each State strategy shall include any other provision that the Secretary determines to be necessary to implement an approved State strategy.

“(c)

“(a)

“(b)

“(1)

“(A) the reasons for withholding approval; and

“(B) the actions that could be taken to meet the criteria for approval.

“(2)

“(a)

“(1) prevent involuntary displacement of current tenants (except for good cause);

“(2) ensure that adequate expenditures will be made for maintenance and operation of the housing;

“(3) extend any expiring project-based assistance on the housing for the term of the agreement;

“(4) permit an increase in the allowable distribution that could be accommodated by a rise in rents on occupied units to rise to a level no higher than 30 percent of the adjusted income of the current tenants, as determined by the Secretary, except that rents shall not exceed the fair market rent for comparable housing under section 8(b) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f(b)] and any resulting increase in rents for current tenants shall be phased in equally over a period of no less than 3 years unless such increase is less than 10 percent; and

“(5) ensure that units becoming vacant during the term of the agreement are made available in accordance with section 225(b)(3)(F).

“(b)

“The Secretary shall confer with any appropriate State or local government agency to confirm any State or local assistance that is available to achieve the purposes of this title and shall give consideration to the views of any such agency when making determinations under section 225. The Secretary shall also confer with appropriate interested parties that the Secretary believes could assist in the development of a plan of action that best achieves the purposes of this title.

“Any agreement to extend low income affordability restrictions under section 225(b) shall, for 4 years from the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 5, 1988], provide the owner the right to convert to any system of incentives and restrictions provided in law during such period, with such adjustments as the Secretary determines are appropriate to compensate for the value of any benefits the owner had received under this title.

“Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 5, 1988], the Secretary shall submit to the Congress a report setting forth the activities carried out under this subtitle. The report shall include a description of the plans of action approved under subsections (a) and (b) of section 225 and an analysis of the extent to which the plans retain housing affordable for very low-income families or persons, lower income families or persons, and moderate income families or persons. The report shall also include a detailed description of (1) the actions taken by the Secretary to ensure meaningful participation by affected tenants; and (2) the incentives developed by the Secretary under section 224 to ensure compliance with this subtitle.

“For purposes of this subtitle:

“(1) The term ‘eligible low income housing’ means any housing financed by a loan or mortgage—

“(A) that is—

“(i) insured or held by the Secretary under section 221(d)(3) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715*l*(d)(3)] and assisted under section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 [12 U.S.C. 1701s] or section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f];

“(ii) insured or held by the Secretary and bears interest at a rate determined under the proviso of section 221(d)(5) of the National Housing Act;

“(iii) insured, assisted, or held by the Secretary or a State or State agency under section 236 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715z–1]; or

“(iv) held by the Secretary and formerly insured under a program referred to in clause (i), (ii), or (iii); and

“(B) that, under regulation or contract in effect before the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 5, 1988], is or will within 1 year become eligible for prepayment without prior approval of the Secretary.

“(2) The term ‘low income affordability restrictions’ means limits imposed by regulation or regulatory agreement on tenant rents, rent contributions, or income eligibility in eligible low income housing.

“(3) The terms ‘lower income families or persons’ and ‘very low-income families or persons’ mean families or persons whose incomes do not exceed the respective levels established for lower income families and very low-income families under section 3(b)(2) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437a(b)(2)].

“(4) The term ‘moderate income families or persons’ means families or persons whose incomes are between 80 percent and 95 percent of median income for the area, as determined by the Secretary with adjustments for smaller and larger families.

“(5) The term ‘owner’ means the current or subsequent owner or owners of eligible low income housing.

“(6) The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

“(7) The term ‘termination of low income affordability restrictions’ means any elimination or relaxation of low income affordability restrictions (other than those permitted under an approved plan of action under section 225(b)).

“The Secretary shall issue final regulations to carry out this subtitle not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 5, 1988]. The Secretary shall provide for the regulations to take effect not later than 45 days after the date on which the regulations are issued.

“The requirements of this subtitle shall apply to any project that is eligible low income housing on or after November 1, 1987.”

[Pub. L. 101–494, §2(b), Oct. 31, 1990, 104 Stat. 1185, provided that: “If the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act [Pub. L. 101–625, which was approved Nov. 28, 1990] is enacted on or after October 31, 1990, this section [amending section 203(a) of Pub. L. 100–242 set out above] shall be deemed to have taken effect on October 30, 1990.”

Title VI (§§601–613) of Pub. L. 100–242, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1951, as amended by Pub. L. 102–139, title II, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 759; Pub. L. 102–550, title I, §183, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3738, established the Nehemiah Housing Opportunity Fund to provide assistance in the form of grants to nonprofit organizations for the construction, rehabilitation, and financing of housing for families not otherwise able to afford homeownership. Pub. L. 101–625, title II, §289(a)(3), (b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4128, which is classified to section 12839(a)(3), (b) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, provided that, except with respect to projects and programs for which binding commitments have been entered into prior to Oct. 1, 1991, no new grants or loans be made after Oct. 1, 1991, under title VI of Pub. L. 100–242, and effective Oct. 1, 1991, title VI of Pub. L. 100–242 is repealed.

For limitation on the number of dwelling units with mortgages not providing for complete amortization pursuant to authority granted by amendment to subsec. (d)(6) by section 446 of Pub. L. 98–181, see section 446(f) of Pub. L. 98–181, set out as a note under section 1713 of this title.

Equitable application of amendment to subsec. (d)(3) (ii), (4)(ii) of this section by section 107(d)(1), (2) of Pub. L. 88–560 or pre-amendment provisions to projects submitted for consideration prior to Sept. 2, 1964, see section 107(g) of Pub. L. 88–560, set out as a note under section 1713 of this title.

Section 319(b) of Pub. L. 93–383, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that: “With respect to any obligation secured by a mortgage which is insured under section 221(d)(3) of the National Housing Acts [subsec. (d)(3) of this section] and issued by a public agency as mortgagor in connection with the financing of a project assisted under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [section 1437f of title 42], the interest paid on such obligation shall be included in gross income for purposes of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [chapter 1 of title 26].”

1 So in original. Probably should be preceded by a dollar sign.

2 See References in Text note below.

3 See References in Text note below.

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §222, as added Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §124, 68 Stat. 603; amended Pub. L. 85–104, title I, §§103, 112, July 12, 1957, 71 Stat. 296, 297; Pub. L. 86–372, title I, §§111, 116(b), Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 661, 664; Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §115, Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 779; Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §212, title XI, §1108(j), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 470, 505; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 90–448, title III, §301, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 505; Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §§102(c), 105, 113(f), Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 380, 381, 384; Pub. L. 91–621, §7(b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1865; Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §§302(d), 310(c), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 676, 682; Pub. L. 95–128, title III, §§303(d), 304(c), Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1132, 1133; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §312(c), Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1116; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §336(c), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1654; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §406(b)(14), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1901; Pub. L. 109–241, title IX, §902(f), July 11, 2006, 120 Stat. 567, related to mortgage insurance for servicemen.

Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this chapter and without regard to limitations upon eligibility contained in any section or subchapter of this chapter, other than the limitation in section 1709(g) of this title, the Secretary is authorized, upon application by the mortgagee, to insure or make commitments to insure under any section or subchapter of this chapter any mortgage—

(1) executed in connection with the sale by the Government, or any agency or official thereof, of any housing acquired or constructed under Public Law 849, Seventy-sixth Congress, as amended; Public Law 781, Seventy-sixth Congress, as amended; or Public Laws 9, 73, or 353, Seventy-seventh Congress, as amended (including any property acquired, held, or constructed in connection with such housing or to serve the inhabitants thereof); or

(2) executed in connection with the sale by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, or by any public housing agency with the approval of the Secretary, of any housing (including any property acquired, held, or constructed in connection with such housing or to serve the inhabitants thereof) owned or financially assisted pursuant to the provisions of Public Law 671, Seventy-sixth Congress; or

(3) executed in connection with the sale by the Government, or any agency or official thereof, of any of the so-called Greenbelt towns, or parts thereof, including projects, or parts thereof, known as Greenhills, Ohio; Greenbelt, Maryland; and Greendale, Wisconsin, developed under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, or of any of the village properties or employee's housing under the jurisdiction of Tennessee Valley Authority, or of any housing under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Interior located within the town area of Coulee Dam, Washington, acquired by the United States for the construction, operation, and maintenance of Grand Coulee Dam and its appurtenant works: *Provided*, That for the purpose of the application of this subchapter to sales by the Secretary of the Interior pursuant to subsections 3(b)(1) and 3(b)(2) of the Coulee Dam Community Act of 1957, the selling price of the property involved shall be deemed to be the appraised value, of any permanent housing under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Interior constructed under the Boulder Canyon Project Act of December 21, 1928, as amended and supplemented [43 U.S.C. 617 et seq.] located within the Boulder City municipal area: *Provided*, That for purposes of the application of this subchapter to sales by the Secretary of the Interior pursuant to subsections 3(b)(1) and 3(b)(2) of the Boulder City Act of 1958, the selling price of the property involved shall be deemed to be the appraised value; or

(4) executed in connection with the sale by the Government, or any agency or official thereof, of any housing (including any property acquired, held, or constructed in connection therewith or to serve the inhabitants thereof) pursuant to the Atomic Energy Community Act of 1955, as amended [42 U.S.C. 2301 et seq.]: *Provided*, That such insurance shall be issued without regard to any preferences or priorities except those prescribed by this chapter or the Atomic Energy Community Act of 1955, as amended; or

(5) executed in connection with the sale by a State or municipality, or an agency, instrumentality, or political subdivision of either, of a project consisting of any permanent housing (including any property acquired, held, or constructed in connection therewith or to serve the inhabitants thereof), constructed by or on behalf of such State, municipality, agency, instrumentality, or political subdivision, for the occupancy of veterans of World War II, or Korean veterans, their families, and others; or

(6) executed in connection with the first resale, within two years from the date of its acquisition from the Government, of any portion of a project or property of the character described in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4) above; or

(7) given to refinance an existing mortgage insured under this chapter, or an existing mortgage held by the Secretary that is subject to a mortgage restructuring and rental assistance sufficiency plan pursuant to the Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act of 1997 (42 U.S.C. 1437f note), provided that—

(A) the principal amount of any such refinancing mortgage shall not exceed the original principal amount or the unexpired term of such existing mortgage and shall bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee, except that (i) the principal amount of any such refinancing mortgage may equal the outstanding balance of an existing mortgage insured pursuant to section 1715z–10 1 of this title, if the amount of the monthly payment due under the refinancing mortgage is less than that due under the existing mortgage for the month in which the refinancing mortgage is executed; (ii) a mortgagee may not require a minimum principal amount to be outstanding on the loan secured by the existing mortgage; (iii) in any case involving the refinancing of a loan in which the Secretary determines that the insurance of a mortgage for an additional term will inure to the benefit of the applicable insurance fund, taking into consideration the outstanding insurance liability under the existing insured mortgage, such refinancing mortgage may have a term not more than twelve years in excess of the unexpired term of such existing insured mortgage; and (iv) any multifamily mortgage that is refinanced under this paragraph shall be documented through amendments to the existing insurance contract and shall not be structured through the provisions of a new insurance contract; and

(B) a mortgage of the character described in paragraphs (1) through (6) of this subsection shall have a maturity and a principal obligation not in excess of the maximums prescribed under the applicable section or subchapter of this chapter, except that in no case may the principal obligation of a mortgage referred to in paragraph (5) of this subsection exceed 90 per centum of the appraised value of the mortgaged property, and shall bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee;

(C) a mortgage that is subject to a mortgage restructuring and rental assistance sufficiency plan pursuant to the Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act of 1997 (42 U.S.C. 1437f note) and is refinanced under this paragraph may have a term of not more than 30 years; or

(8) executed in connection with the sale by the Government of any housing acquired pursuant to section 3374 of title 42.

Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this subchapter and without regard to limitations upon eligibility contained in section 1715*l* of this title, the Secretary may in his discretion insure under section 1715*l*(d)(3) of this title any mortgage executed by a mortgagor of the character described therein where such mortgage is given to refinance a mortgage covering an existing property or project (other than a one- to four-family structure) located in an urban renewal area, if the Secretary finds that such insurance will facilitate the occupancy of dwelling units in the property or project by families of low or moderate income or families displaced from an urban renewal area or displaced as a result of governmental action.

The Secretary shall also have authority to insure under this chapter any mortgage assigned to the Secretary in connection with payment under a contract of mortgage insurance or executed in connection with the sale by the Secretary, including a sale through another entity acting under authority of the fourth sentence of section 1710(g) of this title, of any property acquired under any section or subchapter of this chapter without regard to any limitations or requirements contained in this chapter upon the eligibility of the mortgage, upon the payment of insurance premiums, or upon the terms and conditions of insurance settlement and the benefits of the insurance to be included in such settlement.

(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the Secretary is authorized to insure loans made to cover the operating losses of certain projects that have existing project mortgages insured by the Secretary. Insurance under this subsection shall be in the Secretary's discretion and upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, and shall be provided in accordance with the provisions of this subsection. For purposes of this subsection, the term “operating loss” means the amount by which the sum of the taxes, interest on the mortgage debt, mortgage insurance premiums, hazard insurance premiums, and the expense of maintenance and operation of the project covered by the mortgage, exceeds the income of the project.

(2) To be eligible for insurance pursuant to this paragraph—

(A) the existing project mortgage (i) shall have been insured by the Secretary at any time before or after February 5, 1988; and (ii) shall cover any property, other than a property upon which there is located a 1- to 4-family dwelling;

(B) the operating loss shall have occurred during the first 24 months after the date of completion of the project, as determined by the Secretary; and

(C) the loan shall be in an amount not exceeding the operating loss.

(3) To be eligible for insurance pursuant to this paragraph—

(A) the existing project mortgage (i) shall have been insured by the Secretary at any time before or after February 5, 1988; (ii) shall cover any property, other than a property upon which there is located a 1- to 4-family dwelling; and (iii) shall not cover a subsidized project, as defined by the Secretary;

(B) the loan shall be in an amount not exceeding 80 percent of the unreimbursed cash contributions made on or after March 18, 1987, by the project owner for the use of the project, during any period of consecutive months (not exceeding 24 months) in the first 10 years after the date of completion of the project, as determined by the Secretary, except that in no event may the amount of the loan exceed the operating loss during such period;

(C) the loan shall be made within 10 years after the end of the period of consecutive months referred to in the preceding subparagraph; and

(D) the project shall meet all applicable underwriting and other requirements of the Secretary at the time the loan is to be made.

(4) Any loan insured pursuant to this subsection shall (A) bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and mortgagee; (B) be secured in such manner as the Secretary shall require; (C) be limited to a term not exceeding the unexpired term of the original mortgage; and (D) be insured under the same section as the original mortgage. The Secretary may provide insurance pursuant to paragraph (2) or (3), or pursuant to both such paragraphs, in connection with an existing project mortgage, except that the Secretary may not provide insurance pursuant to both such paragraphs in connection with the same period of months referred to in paragraphs (2)(B) and (3)(B). The Secretary is authorized to collect a premium charge for insurance of loans pursuant to this subsection in an amount computed at the same premium rate as is applicable to the original mortgage. This premium shall be payable in cash or in debentures of the insurance fund under which the loan is insured at par plus accrued interest. In the event of a failure of the borrower to make any payment due under such loan or under the original mortgage, both the loan and original mortgage shall be considered in default, and if such default continues for a period of thirty days, the lender shall be entitled to insurance benefits, computed in the same manner as for the original mortgage, except that in determining the interest rate under section 1715*o* of this title for the debentures representing the portion of the claim applicable to the loan, the date of the commitment to insure the loan and the insurance date of the loan shall be taken into consideration rather than the commitment or insurance date for the original mortgage.

(5) A loan involving a project covered by a mortgage insured under section 1715e of this title that is the obligation of the Cooperative Management Housing Insurance Fund shall be the obligation of such fund, and loans involving projects covered by a mortgage insured under section 1715z–1 of this title or under any section of this subchapter pursuant to subsection (e) of this section shall be the obligation of the Special Risk Insurance Fund.

(6) In determining the amount of an operating loss loan to be insured pursuant to this subsection, the Secretary shall not reduce such amount solely to reflect any amounts placed in escrow (at the time the existing project mortgage was insured) for initial operating deficits. If an operating loss loan was insured by the Secretary pursuant to this subsection before October 28, 1992, and was reduced solely to reflect the amount placed in escrow for initial operating deficits, the Secretary shall insure, to the extent of the availability of insurance authority provided in appropriation Acts, an increase in the existing loan or a separate loan, in an amount equal to the lesser of (A) the maximum amount permitted under this subsection and the applicable underwriting requirements established by the Secretary and in effect at the time the loan is to be made, or (B) the amount of the escrow for initial operating deficits.

Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this chapter except section 1715c of this title, and without regard to limitations upon eligibility contained in any section of this subchapter or subchapter IX–B, other than the limitation in section 1709(g) of this title, the Secretary is authorized, upon application by the mortgagee, to insure under any section of this subchapter or subchapter IX–B a mortgage executed in connection with the repair, rehabilitation, construction, or purchase of property located in an older, declining urban area in which the conditions are such that one or more of the eligibility requirements applicable to the section or subchapter under which insurance is sought could not be met, if the Secretary finds that (1) the area is reasonably viable, giving consideration to the need for providing adequate housing or group practice facilities for families of low and moderate income in such area, and (2) the property is an acceptable risk in view of such consideration. The insurance of a mortgage pursuant to this subsection shall be the obligation of the Special Risk Insurance Fund.

(1) Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this chapter, the Secretary is authorized, in his discretion, to insure under any section of this subchapter a mortgage executed in connection with the purchase of 2 refinancing of an existing multifamily housing project or the purchase or refinancing of existing debt of an existing hospital (or existing nursing home, existing assisted living facility, existing intermediate care facility, existing board and care home, or any combination thereof).

(2) In the case of the purchase or refinancing under this subsection of a multifamily housing project located in an older, declining urban area, the Secretary shall make available an amount not to exceed $30,000,000 of available purchase authority pursuant to section 1720 1 of this title to reduce interest rates on low- and moderate-income rental housing in projects having 100 units or less which otherwise could not support refinancing and moderate rehabilitation without causing excessive rent burdens on current tenants due to rent increases. The Secretary shall prescribe such terms and conditions as he deems necessary to assure that—

(A) the refinancing is used to lower the monthly debt service only to the extent necessary to assure the continued economic viability of the project, taking into account any rent reductions to be implemented by the mortgagor; and

(B) during the mortgage term no rental increases shall be made except those which are necessary to offset actual and reasonable operating expense increases or other necessary expense increases and maintain reasonable profit levels approved by the Secretary.

(3) For all insurance authorized by this subsection and provided pursuant to a commitment entered into after October 8, 1980, the Secretary may not accept an offer to prepay or request refinancing of a mortgage secured by rental housing unless the Secretary takes appropriate action that will obligate the borrower (and successors in interest thereof) to utilize the property as a rental property for a period of five years from the date on which the insurance was provided (twenty years in the case of any such mortgage purchased under section 1720 1 of this title) unless the Secretary finds that—

(A) the conversion of the property to a cooperative, or condominium form of ownership is sponsored by a bona fide tenants’ organization representing a majority of the households in the project;

(B) continuance of the property as rental housing is clearly unnecessary to assure adequate rental housing opportunities for low- and moderate-income people in the community; or

(C) continuance of the property as rental housing would have an undesirable and deleterious effect on the surrounding neighborhood.

(4) In the case of refinancing of an existing hospital (or existing nursing home, existing assisted living facility, existing intermediate care facility, existing board and care home, or any combination thereof) the Secretary shall prescribe such terms and conditions as the Secretary deems necessary to assure that—

(A) the refinancing is employed to lower the monthly debt service costs (taking into account any fees or charges connected with such refinancing) of such existing hospital (or existing nursing home, existing assisted living facility, existing intermediate care facility, existing board and care home, or any combination thereof);

(B) the proceeds of any refinancing will be employed only to retire the existing indebtedness and pay the necessary cost of refinancing on such existing hospital (or existing nursing home, existing assisted living facility, existing intermediate care facility, existing board and care home, or any combination thereof);

(C) such existing hospital (or existing nursing home, existing assisted living facility, existing intermediate care facility, existing board and care home, or any combination thereof) is economically viable; and

(D) the applicable requirements for certificates, studies, and statements of section 1715w of this title (for the existing nursing home, existing assisted living facility, intermediate care facility, board and care home, or any combination thereof, proposed to be refinanced) or of section 1715z–7 of this title (for the existing hospital proposed to be refinanced) have been met.

(5) In the case of any purchase or refinancing under this subsection involving property to be rehabilitated or developed under section 1437*o* 1 of title 42, the Secretary may—

(A) include rehabilitation or development costs of not to exceed $20,000 per unit, except that the Secretary may increase such amount by not to exceed 25 per centum for specific properties where cost levels so require;

(B) permit subordinated liens securing up to the full amount of mortgage financing provided by State or local governments or agencies thereof; and

(C) pay such benefits in cash unless the mortgagee submits a written request for debenture payment.

Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter, the Secretary may, in his discretion, insure a mortgage covering a multifamily housing project including units which are not self-contained.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §223, as added Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §125, 68 Stat. 605; amended Aug. 4, 1955, ch. 543, ch. 11, §201, 69 Stat. 484; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title I, §102(k), 69 Stat. 636; Pub. L. 85–104, title I, §114, July 12, 1957, 71 Stat. 298; Pub. L. 85–240, §4, Aug. 30, 1957, 71 Stat. 528; Pub. L. 85–900, §12, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1735; Pub. L. 87–70, title I, §101(d), title VI, §612(h), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 154, 182; Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §116, Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 779; Pub. L. 89–117, title I, §108(e), title II, §213, Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 461, 471; Pub. L. 89–754, title X, §1013(h), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1292; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (h), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17, 18; Pub. L. 90–448, title I, §103(a), title III, §312, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 486, 510; Pub. L. 91–152, title IV, §418(c), (d), Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 402; Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §311(a), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 683; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §326, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2104; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §327, Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1650; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §339B(b), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 417; Pub. L. 98–181, title III, §303(b), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1207; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(a)(7), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2232; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §§406(b)(15), (16), 408(a), 409(a), (b), 419(b), 427, 429(d), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1901, 1903, 1913, 1916, 1918; Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §§510, 511(f), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3784, 3786; Pub. L. 103–327, title II, Sept. 28, 1994, 108 Stat. 2316; Pub. L. 105–276, title VI, §601(e), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2674; Pub. L. 107–116, title VI, §615, Jan. 10, 2002, 115 Stat. 2225; Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title III, §323, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2466.)

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Public Law 849, Seventy-sixth Congress, as amended, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is act Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 862, 54 Stat. 1125, as amended, known as the “Lanham Public War Housing Act”, which is classified generally to subchapters II to VII (§§ 1521 et seq., 1531 et seq., 1541 et seq., 1561 et seq., 1571 et seq., and 1581 et seq.) of chapter 9 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1501 of Title 42 and Tables.

Public Laws 9, 73, and 353, Seventy-seventh Congress, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), refer to the following acts, respectively: Public Law 9, Urgent Deficiency Appropriation Act, 1941, act Mar. 1, 1941, ch. 9, 55 Stat. 14; Public Law 73, Additional Urgent Deficiency Appropriation Act, 1941, act May 24, 1941, ch. 132, 55 Stat. 197; and Public Law 353, Third Supplemental National Defense Appropriation Act, 1942, act Dec. 17, 1941, ch. 591, 55 Stat. 810. These three acts appropriated a total of $320,000,000 to the President for the purpose of providing housing necessary because of national defense activities and conditions arising out of World War II. These provisions were not classified to the code, although all three acts are cited in a “Prior Additional Appropriations” note under section 1523 of Title 42.

Public Law 671, Seventy-sixth Congress, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is act June 28, 1940, ch. 440, 54 Stat. 676, as amended. Provisions of the Act relating to housing are contained in title II, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§1501 et seq.) of chapter 9 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), is Joint Res. Apr. 8, 1935, ch. 48, 49 Stat. 115. It was temporary legislation, and was formerly set out in a note in former chapter 16 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. See notes under former sections 721 to 728 of that title.

Subsections 3(b)(1) and 3(b)(2) of the Coulee Dam Community Act of 1957 [Pub. L. 85–240, Aug. 30, 1957, 71 Stat. 524], referred to in subsec. (a)(3), are set out in a note under section 835c of Title 16, Conservation.

The Boulder Canyon Project Act of December 21, 1928, as amended and supplemented, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), is act Dec. 21, 1928, ch. 42, 45 Stat. 1057, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§617 et seq.) of chapter 12A of Title 43, Public Lands. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 617t of Title 43 and Tables.

Subsections 3(b)(1) and 3(b)(2) of the Boulder City Act of 1958 [Pub. L. 85–900, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1726], referred to in subsec. (a)(3), are not classified to the Code. Subsections (a) to (d) of section 3 read as follows:

“(a) The Secretary is authorized to sell such dwelling houses, duplex houses or units thereof, and garages, with furniture, fixtures, and appurtenances, as are owned by the United States within the Boulder City municipal area and are not needed in connection with the administration, operation, and maintenance of Federal activities located within or near the Boulder City municipal area.

“(b) Except in the case of property determined to be substandard under subsection (c) of this section, the following system of priority shall be established with respect to property authorized to be sold under subsection (a) of this section:

“(1) Persons employed by the Federal Government within or near the Boulder City municipal area (and surviving spouses of such persons who have not remarried) who are tenants in Federal housing in Boulder City shall be offered the opportunity to purchase the property in which they are tenants at the appraised value as established under subsection (d) of this section. This right of priority shall expire unless notice of intent to purchase has been received by the Secretary before the expiration of sixty days after the date on which the property has been offered for sale, and shall be deemed abandoned unless before the expiration of sixty days after the Secretary's tender of the instrument of transfer the prospective purchaser concludes the sale;

“(2) Persons employed by the Federal Government within or near the Boulder City municipal area may apply to purchase housing not purchased under subsection (b)(1) of this section. Applicants to purchase shall be placed in order of opportunity to choose pursuant to a public drawing, but spouses of such applicants shall not be entitled to apply. Sales shall be made at the appraised value as established under subsection (d) of this section and selections and purchases by successful applicants shall be concluded within limits of time to be established by the Secretary. A purchase under subsection (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section shall render the purchaser and any spouse of such purchaser ineligible thereafter to purchase under subsection (b)(1) or (b)(2); and

“(3) Property subject to disposal under this section and not sold pursuant to subsections (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section shall be opened to bids from the general public, and shall be sold to the highest responsible bidder.

“In the event that incorporation of the municipality shall be effected within four years after the date of this Act, persons purchasing housing under this subsection or their successors, assigns, or legal representatives, shall be entitled to a reduction in the purchase price (or rebate as appropriate) of 10 per centum: *Provided*, That no person who has purchased a house under the Act of May 25, 1948 (62 Stat. 268), shall be eligible for such reduction.

“(c) Where the Secretary determines that property authorized to be sold under subsection (a) of this section is substandard, he shall sell such property only for off-site use, such property to be opened to bids from the general public for sale to the highest responsible bidder.

“(d) The appraised value of all property to be sold under subsections (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section, and of all lots leased or to be leased by the United States for the purpose of maintaining, locating, or erecting permanent structures thereon, shall be determined by an appraiser or appraisers to be designated by the Administrator of Housing and Home Finance Agency at the request of the Secretary. Said appraisals shall be made promptly after the date of this Act, or immediately prior to the granting of any lease of lands not previously appraised, as the case may be. The representatives of the Boulder City community, as determined by the Secretary, shall be granted an opportunity to offer advice in connection with [sic] such appraisals.”

The Atomic Energy Community Act of 1955, as amended, referred to in subsec. (a)(4), is act Aug. 4, 1955, ch. 543, 69 Stat. 472, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 24 (§2301 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2301 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act of 1997, referred to in subsec. (a)(7), is title V of Pub. L. 105–65, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1384. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1997 Amendment note set out under section 1701 of this title and Tables.

Section 1715z–10 of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(7)(A), was repealed by Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2120(a)(7), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835.

Section 1720 of this title, referred to in subsec. (f)(2), (3), was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §483(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1240.

Section 1437*o* of title 42, referred to in subsec. (f)(5), was repealed by Pub. L. 101–625, title II, §289(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4128.

**2005**—Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 109–115 inserted “purchase or” before “refinancing of existing debt”.

**2002**—Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 107–116, §615(1), substituted “under this chapter, or an existing mortgage held by the Secretary that is subject to a mortgage restructuring and rental assistance sufficiency plan pursuant to the Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act of 1997 (42 U.S.C. 1437f note), provided that—” for “under this chapter: *Provided*, That”.

Subsec. (a)(7)(A). Pub. L. 107–116, §615(1)–(5), designated as subpar. (A) existing provisions beginning “the principal amount of any such refinancing mortgage shall not exceed” and ending “a new insurance contract”, redesignated former cls. (A) to (D) as (i) to (iv), respectively, of subpar. (A), and inserted “; and” at end after “a new insurance contract”.

Subsec. (a)(7)(B). Pub. L. 107–116, §615(6), (7), substituted “(B) a mortgage” for “: *Provided further*, That a mortgage” and struck out “or” after “and the mortgagee;”. Former cl. (B) redesignated cl. (ii) of subpar. (A).

Subsec. (a)(7)(C). Pub. L. 107–116, §615(8), added subpar. (C). Former cl. (C) redesignated cl. (iii) of subpar. (A).

Subsec. (a)(7)(D). Pub. L. 107–116, §615(5), redesignated cl. (D) as cl. (iv) of subpar. (A).

**1998**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–276 substituted “the Secretary” for “him” in two places and inserted “, including a sale through another entity acting under authority of the fourth sentence of section 1710(g) of this title,” before “of any property acquired”.

**1994**—Subsec. (a)(7)(D). Pub. L. 103–327 added cl. (D).

**1992**—Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 102–550, §510, added par. (6).

Subsec. (f)(1), (4). Pub. L. 102–550, §511(f), inserted “existing assisted living facility,” after “existing nursing home,” wherever appearing.

**1988**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–242, §406(b)(15), inserted “other than the limitation in section 1709(g) of this title,” after first reference to “this chapter,”.

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 100–242, §429(d)(1), substituted in first proviso “such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee” for “a rate not in excess of the maximum rate prescribed under the applicable section or subchapter of this chapter”, substituted in second proviso “maturity and a principal obligation” for “maturity, a principal obligation, and an interest rate”, and inserted before semicolon at end “, and shall bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee”.

Pub. L. 100–242, §419(b), in first proviso, inserted cl. (B) and designated former cl. (B) as (C).

Pub. L. 100–242, §408(a), in first proviso, inserted cl. (B) designation and added cl. (A).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–242, §427, added pars. (1) to (3), inserted par. (4) designation and “Any loan insured pursuant to this subsection shall (A) bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and mortgagee; (B) be secured in such manner as the Secretary shall require; (C) be limited to a term not exceeding the unexpired term of the original mortgage; and (D) be insured under the same section as the original mortgage. The Secretary may provide insurance pursuant to paragraph (2) or (3), or pursuant to both such paragraphs, in connection with an existing project mortgage, except that the Secretary may not provide insurance pursuant to both such paragraphs in connection with the same period of months referred to in paragraphs (2)(B) and (3)(B).”, inserted par. (5) designation, and struck out former first and second sentences of subsec. (d) which read as follows: “With respect to any mortgage, other than a mortgage covering a one- to four-family structure, heretofore or hereafter insured by the Secretary, and notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, when the taxes, interest on the mortgage debt, mortgage insurance premiums, hazard insurance premiums, and the expense of maintenance and operation of the project covered by such mortgage during the first two years following the date of completion of the project, as determined by the Secretary, exceed the project income, the Secretary may, in his discretion and upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, insure under the same section as the original mortgage a loan by the mortgagee in an amount not exceeding the excess of the foregoing expenses over the project income. Such loan shall (1) bear interest (exclusive of premium charges for insurance) at not to exceed the per centum per annum currently permitted for mortgages insured under the section under which it is to be insured, (2) be secured in such manner as the Secretary shall require, and (3) be limited to a term not exceeding the unexpired term of the original mortgage.”

Pub. L. 100–242, §429(d)(2), which directed substitution of “bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee” for “bear interest (exclusive of premium charges for insurance) at not to exceed the per centum per annum currently permitted for mortgages insured under the section under which it is to be insured” in cl. (1) of sentence beginning “Such loan shall”, could not be executed because of previous amendment by Pub. L. 100–242, §427, see above, which directed in part the striking out of second sentence of subsec. (d)(1), which contained the language sought to be amended.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100–242, §406(b)(16), inserted reference to limitation in section 1709(g) of this title.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 100–242, §409(b)(1), inserted parenthetical reference to existing nursing homes, intermediate care facilities, board and care homes, or any combination thereof after “existing hospital”.

Subsec. (f)(4)(A) to (C). Pub. L. 100–242, §409(b)(2), inserted parenthetical reference to existing nursing homes, intermediate care facilities, board and care homes, or any combination thereof after “existing hospital” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (f)(4)(D). Pub. L. 100–242, §409(a), amended subpar. (D) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (D) read as follows: “such existing hospital has received such certifications from a State agency designated in accordance with section 291d(a)(1) or section 300m of title 42 for the State in which the hospital is located as the Secretary deems necessary and appropriate and comparable to the certification required for hospitals insured under section 1715z–7 of this title and that such State agency additionally certify that the services being provided by such existing hospital at the time of refinancing are appropriate as determined pursuant to section 300m–2(a)(6) title 42.”

**1984**—Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 98–479 in provisions preceding subpar. (A) inserted “a” before “multifamily”.

**1983**—Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 98–181 added par. (5).

**1981**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–35 inserted “and” after the semicolon at end of par. (2)(A), and redesignated par. (5) as (4).

**1980**—Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 96–399, §327(1), redesignated first sentence of subsec. (f) as par. (1).

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 96–399, §327(2)–(6), redesignated second sentence of subsec. (f) as par. (2), inserted applicability to purchases, provisions authorizing the Secretary to make not to exceed $30,000,000 available for purchase authority, and provisions authorizing rent increases to maintain reasonable profit levels, and substituted “(A)” and “(B)” for “(1)” and “(2)”, respectively.

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 96–399, §327(7), added par. (3).

Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 96–399, §327(8), redesignated third sentence of subsec. (f) as par. (5).

**1978**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–557 inserted “or the refinancing of existing debt of an existing hospital” after “housing project”, substituted “multifamily housing project” for “housing project”, and inserted provisions relating to the prescription of terms and conditions in the case of refinancing of an existing hospital.

**1974**—Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 93–383 added subsecs. (f) and (g).

**1969**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–152, §418(c), inserted provision that any loan involving a project covered by a mortgage insured under section 1715e, 1715z–1, or any section of this subchapter pursuant to subsec. (e) of this section be the obligation of the specified Fund.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 91–152, §418(d), substituted “this chapter” for “this subchapter” and inserted references to subchapter IX–B.

**1968**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–448, §312(a)(1), substituted “chapter” for “subchapter”, “any section or subchapter of this chapter” for “section 1709, 1713, 1715e, 1715k, 1715*l*, 1715m, 1715v, 1715w, or 1715x of this title” and “under any section or subchapter of this chapter” for “under either of said sections”.

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 90–448, §312(a)(2), substituted “prescribed under the applicable section or subchapter of this chapter” for “applicable to loans insured under section 1709, 1713, 1715e, 1715k, 1715*l*, 1715m, 1715v, 1715w, or 1715x of this title” in two places.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–448, §312(a)(3)–(5), substituted “this chapter” for “this subchapter” in two places, and “any section or subchapter of this chapter” for “subchapters I, II, VI, VII, VIII or X of this chapter”, and struck out phrase which required payment of insurance to be in debentures.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–448, §312(b), substituted “insure under the same section as the original mortgage a loan by a mortgagee in an amount not exceeding the excess of the foregoing expenses over the project income” for “permit the excess of the foregoing expenses over the project income to be added to the amount of such mortgage, and extend the coverage of the mortgage insurance thereto, and such additional amount shall be deemed to be part of the original face amount of the mortgage”, and inserted sentences requiring the loan to bear interest at not more than the per centum per annum currently permitted for mortgages insured under the section under which it is to be insured, to be secured, and to be limited to a term not more than the unexpired term of the original mortgage, authorizing collection of a premium charge for insurance of loans, directing the premium to be payable in cash or in debentures of the fund, and making the lender entitled to insurance benefits in the event of a failure of the borrower to make any payment due under the loan or under the original mortgage and the default continues for a period of thirty days.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 90–448, §103(a), added subsec. (e).

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a) preceding par. (1), (a)(7), and (b) to (d).

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(h), substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” and “Secretary” for “Public Housing Administration” and “said Administration”, respectively.

**1966**—Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 89–754 substituted “Government” and “section 3374 of title 42” for “Commissioner” and “section 1735h of this title”, respectively.

**1965**—Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 89–117, §213, substituted “this Act” for “section 608 of title VI prior to the effective date of the Housing Act of 1954 or under section 220, 221, 903, or section 908”, which for purposes of codification has been changed to “this chapter”.

Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 89–117, §108(e)(2), added par. (8).

**1964**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 88–560 substituted “limitations or requirements contained in this subchapter upon the eligibility of the mortgage, upon the payment of insurance premiums, or upon the terms and conditions of insurance settlement and the benefits of the insurance to be included in such settlement (except that in any case the payment of insurance shall be in debentures)” for “limitation upon eligibility contained in this subchapter”.

**1961**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–70, §612(h)(1), (2), included sections 1715k, 1715*l*, 1715v, 1715w and 1715x in the opening provisions, and, in par. (7), substituted “section 1715k, 1715*l*, 1750b, or 1750g of this title” for “section 1750b or 1750g of this title,” “1715e, 1715k, 1715*l*, 1715m, 1715v, 1715w, or 1715x of this title” for “1715e or 1715m of this title” in two places, and struck out “insured under section 1743 of section 1750g of this title” after “refinancing of a loan”.

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 87–70, §101(d), added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (c).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 87–70, §612(h)(3), added subsec. (d).

**1958**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 85–900 authorized insurance of mortgages executed in connection with the sale of property constructed under the Boulder Canyon Project Act and located in Boulder City.

**1957**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 85–104, §114(1), substituted “1715e, or 1715m of this title” for “or 1715e of this title”.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 85–240 authorized insurance of mortgages executed in connection with the sale of Government housing at Coulee Dam.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 85–104, §114(2), inserted “this chapter or” after “prescribed by”.

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 85–104, §114(3), substituted “1715e, or 1715m of this title” for “or 1715e of this title” in first proviso, and substituted provisions of second proviso for former provisions which required mortgages described in pars. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), or (6) to have maturity satisfactory to Commissioner but forbade maturity of such mortgage to exceed maximum terms of loans insured under sections 1709, 1713, or 1715e of this title, forbade principal obligation to exceed 90 percent of value of property, and forbade interest rate to exceed rate of loans made under either of said sections, with the exception that where such mortgage covered property held by certain nonprofit cooperatives, principal obligation should not exceed 95 percent of appraised value.

**1955**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 11, 1955, substituted “section 1709, 1713, or 1715e of this title” for “section 1709 or 1713 of this title” wherever appearing.

Act Aug. 4, 1955, added par. (4), and redesignated pars. (4) to (6) as (5) to (7), respectively.

Pub. L. 107–116, title VI, §603, Jan. 10, 2002, 115 Stat. 2222, provided that: “Except as provided in sections 616(a)(2), 633(b), and 634(b) [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1701q of this title and sections 1437f and 11301 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare], this title [amending this section and sections 1437f and 5305 of Title 42, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1701q of this title and sections 1437, 1437f, and 11301 of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 1701q of this title and sections 1437f and 11301 of Title 42] and the amendments made by this title shall take effect or are deemed to have taken effect, as appropriate, on the earlier of—

“(1) the date of the enactment of this title [Jan. 10, 2002]; or

“(2) September 30, 2001.”

Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(e) [title II, §209], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–257, 1321–285; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327, provided that: “Notwithstanding the 16th paragraph under the item relating to ‘administrative provisions’ in title II of the Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1995 (Public Law 103–327; 108 Stat. 2316) [set out below], the amendments to section 223(a)(7) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715n(a)(7)] made by the 15th paragraph of such Act shall be effective during fiscal year 1996 and thereafter.”

Title II of Pub. L. 103–327, Sept. 28, 1994, 108 Stat. 2316, provided in part that: “The amendments of the two immediately preceding paragraphs [amending this section and section 1437f of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] shall be effective only during fiscal year 1995.” [For provision that amendment by Pub. L. 103–327 to subsec. (a)(7) of this section be effective during fiscal year 1996 and thereafter, see Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(e) [title II, §209], set out above.]

Amendment by section 406(b)(15), (16) of Pub. L. 100–242 applicable only with respect to mortgages insured pursuant to conditional commitment issued on or after Feb. 5, 1988, or in accordance with direct endorsement program (24 CFR 200.163), if approved underwriter of mortgagee signs appraisal report for property on or after Feb. 5, 1988, see section 406(d) of Pub. L. 100–242, set out as a note under section 1709 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

Section 409(c) of Pub. L. 100–242 provided that: “The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall issue such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the amendment made by this section [amending this section] by not later than the expiration of the 90-day period following the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 5, 1988].”

Pub. L. 103–233, title I, §103(d), Apr. 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 361, provided that: “As soon as practicable, the Secretary shall implement a streamlined refinancing program under the authority provided in section 223 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715n] to prevent the default of mortgages insured by the FHA which cover multifamily housing projects, as defined in section 203(b) of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1978 [12 U.S.C. 1701z–11(b)].”

Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to implement system of mortgage insurance for mortgages insured under this section that delegates processing functions to selected approved mortgagees, with Secretary to retain authority to approve rents, expenses, property appraisals, and mortgage amounts and to execute firm commitments, see section 328 of Pub. L. 101–625, set out as a note under section 1713 of this title.

Section 125 of act Aug. 2, 1954, as amended by Pub. L. 90–19, §10(b), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 22, in enacting this section, provided in part that the purpose thereof was to transfer to title II of the National Housing Act [this subchapter] “the mortgage insurance program in connection with the sale of certain publicly owned property as contained in section 610 of title VI [section 1745 of this title]; the insurance of mortgages to refinance existing loans insured under section 608 of title VI and sections 903 and 908 of title IX [sections 1743, 1750b and 1750g of this title]; and to authorize the insurance under title II [this subchapter] of mortgages assigned to the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under insurance contracts and mortgages held by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development in connection with the sale of property acquired under insurance contracts”.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Probably should be “or”.

Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter, debentures issued under any section of this chapter with respect to a loan or mortgage accepted for insurance on or after thirty days following August 2, 1954 (except debentures issued pursuant to paragraph (4) of section 1715*l*(g) of this title) shall bear interest at the rate in effect on the date the commitment to insure the loan or mortgage was issued, or the date the loan or mortgage was endorsed for insurance, or (when there are two or more insurance endorsements) the date the loan or mortgage was initially endorsed for insurance, whichever rate is the highest, except that debentures issued pursuant to section 1715k(f), 1715k(h)(7), 1715*l*(g), 1715x, or 1715z–3 of this title may, at the discretion of the Secretary, bear interest at the rate in effect on the date they are issued. The Secretary shall from time to time, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, establish such interest rate in an amount not in excess of the annual rate of interest determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, at the request of the Secretary, by estimating the average yield to maturity, on the basis of daily closing market bid quotations or prices during the calendar month next preceding the establishment of such rate of interest, on all outstanding marketable obligations of the United States having a maturity date of fifteen years or more from the first day of such next preceding month, and by adjusting such estimated average annual yield to the nearest one-eighth of 1 per centum. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence and the following paragraph,1 if an insurance claim is paid in cash for any mortgage that is insured under section 1709 or 1715y of this title and is endorsed for mortgage insurance after January 23, 2004, the debenture interest rate for purposes of calculating such a claim shall be the monthly average yield, for the month in which the default on the mortgage occurred, on United States Treasury Securities adjusted to a constant maturity of 10 years.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §224, as added Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §126, 68 Stat. 606; amended Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §612(i), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 182; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 90–448, title I, §104(b), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 488; Pub. L. 108–199, div. G, title II, §215, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 394.)

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

**2004**—Pub. L. 108–199, which directed amendment of section by adding sentence relating to interest rate for claim paid in cash at end of first paragraph, was executed by adding sentence at end of section to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–448 included debentures issued pursuant to section 1715z–3 of this title.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

**1961**—Pub. L. 87–70 changed the date for determination of the rate of interest for debentures, other than those issued pursuant to section 1715k(f), 1715k(h)(7), 1715*l*(g), 1715*l*(g)(4), or 1715x, from the rate in effect on the date the debentures are issued to the rate in effect on the date the commitment to insure the loan or mortgage was issued, or the date the loan or mortgage was endorsed for insurance, or (when there are two or more insurance endorsements) the date the loan or mortgage was initially endorsed for insurance, whichever rate is highest.

Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter, in connection with any mortgage insured pursuant to any section of this chapter which covers a property upon which there is located a dwelling designed principally for residential use for not more than four families in the aggregate, the Secretary is authorized, upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, to insure under said section the amount of any advance for the improvement or repair of such property made to the mortgagor pursuant to an “open-end” provision in the mortgage, and to add the amount of such advance to the original principal obligation in determining the value of the mortgage for the purpose of computing the amounts of debentures and certificate of claim to which the mortgagee may be entitled: *Provided*, That the Secretary may require the payment of such charges, including charges in lieu of insurance premiums, as he may consider appropriate for the insurance of such “open-end” advances: *Provided, further*, That only advances for such improvements or repairs as substantially protect or improve the basic livability or utility of the property involved shall be eligible for insurance under this section; *Provided further*, That no such advance shall be insured under this section if the amount thereof plus the amount of the unpaid balance of the original principal obligation of the mortgage would exceed the amount of such original principal obligation unless the mortgagor certifies that the proceeds of such advance will be used to finance the construction of additional rooms or other enclosed space as a part of the dwelling: *And provided further*, That the insurance of “open-end” advances shall not be taken into account in determining the aggregate amount of principal obligations of mortgages which may be insured under this chapter.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §225, as added Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §126, 68 Stat. 607; amended Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a) (3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

The Secretary is authorized and directed to require that in connection with any property upon which there is located a dwelling designed principally for a single-family residence or a two-family residence and which is approved for mortgage insurance under section 1709 or 1715e of this title with respect to any property or project of a corporation or trust of the character described in paragraph (2) of subsection (a) of section 1715e of this title, or sections 1715k, 1715*l*, 1715m,1 1715x, 1715y, 1715z(i), 1715z–2,1 or 1750b of this title, the seller or builder or such other person as may be designated by the Secretary shall agree to deliver, prior to the sale of the property, to the person purchasing such dwelling for his own occupancy, a written statement setting forth the amount of the appraised value of the property as determined by the Secretary. This section shall not apply in any case where the mortgage involved was insured or the commitment for such insurance was issued prior to August 2, 1954. Notwithstanding the first sentence of this section, the Secretary is authorized to require, in connection with any mortgage where the mortgage amount is computed on the basis of the Secretary's estimate of the replacement cost of the property, or on the basis of any other estimates of the Secretary, that a written statement setting forth such estimate or estimates, as the case may be, be furnished under this section in lieu of a written statement setting forth the amount of the appraised value of the property.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §226, as added Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §126, 68 Stat. 607; amended Pub. L. 85–104, title I, §115, July 12, 1957, 71 Stat. 298; Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §612(j), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 182; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (4), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 90–448, title I, §102(b), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 486.)

Section 1715m of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2120(a)(5), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835.

Section 1715z–2 of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2120(a)(6), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835.

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–448 inserted references to sections 1715z(i) and 1715z–2 of this title.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing, and “Secretary's” for “Commissioner's”.

**1961**—Pub. L. 87–70 inserted references to sections 1715x and 1715y of this title, and substituted “or on the basis of any other estimates of the Commissioner, that a written statement setting forth such estimate or estimates, as the case may be,” for “that a written statement setting forth such estimate”.

**1957**—Pub. L. 85–104 inserted sentence authorizing estimate of replacement cost in lieu of an estimate of value where mortgage amount is based upon replacement cost.

1 See References in Text note below.

Except as provided in subsection (b) and notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, no mortgage covering new or rehabilitated multifamily housing or a property or project described in subchapter IX–B shall be insured under this chapter unless the mortgagor has agreed (A) to certify, upon completion of the physical improvements on the mortgaged property or project and prior to final endorsement of the mortgage, either (i) that the approved percentage of actual cost (as those terms are herein defined) equaled or exceeded the proceeds of the mortgage loan or (ii) the amount by which the proceeds of the mortgage loan exceeded such approved percentage of actual cost, as the case may be, and (B) to pay forthwith to the mortgagee, for application to the reduction of the principal obligation of such mortgage, the amount, if any, certified to be in excess of such approved percentage of actual cost. Upon the Secretary's approval of the mortgagor's certification as required hereunder, such certification shall be final and incontestable, except for fraud or material misrepresentation on the part of the mortgagor.

In the case of any mortgage insured under any provision of this subchapter that is executed in connection with the construction, rehabilitation, purchase, or refinancing of a multifamily housing project for which equity 1 provided through any low-income housing tax credit pursuant to section 42 of title 26, if the Secretary determines at the time of issuance of the firm commitment for insurance that the ratio of the loan proceeds to the actual cost of the project is less than 80 percent, subsection (a) of this section shall not apply.

For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) The term “new or rehabilitated multifamily housing” means a project or property approved for mortgage insurance prior to the construction or the repair and rehabilitation involved and covered by a mortgage insured or to be insured (i) under section 1713 of this title, (ii) under section 1715e of this title with respect to any property or project of a corporation or trust of the character described in paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of section 1715e of this title or with respect to any property or project of a mortgagor of the character described in paragraph (3) of subsection (a) thereof, (iii) under section 1715k of this title if the mortgage meets the requirements of paragraph (3)(B) of subsection (d) thereof, (iv) under section 1715*l* of this title if the mortgage meets the requirements of paragraph (3) or paragraph (4) of subsection (d) thereof, (v) under section 1715v of this title, (vi) under section 1715x of this title if the mortgage meets the requirements of subsection (b), (vii) under section 1748h–2 of this title if the mortgage meets the requirements of subsection (f), (viii) under section 1715y(d) of this title, or (ix) under section 1715z–1 of this title;

(2) The term “approved percentage” means the percentage figure which, under applicable provisions of this chapter, the Secretary is authorized to apply to his estimate of value, cost, or replacement costs, as the case may be, of the property or project in determining the maximum insurable mortgage amount; except that if the mortgage is to assist the financing of repair or rehabilitation and no part of the proceeds will be used to finance the purchase of the land or structure involved, the approved percentage shall be 100 per centum; and

(3) The term “actual cost” has the following meaning: (i) in case the mortgage is to assist the financing of new construction, the term means the actual cost to the mortgagor of such construction, including amounts paid for labor, materials, construction contracts, off-site public utilities, streets, organizational and legal expenses, such allocations of general overhead items as are acceptable to the Secretary, and other items of expense approved by the Secretary, plus (I) a reasonable allowance for builder's profit if the mortgagor is also the builder as defined by the Secretary, and (II) an amount equal to the Secretary's estimate of the fair market value of any land (prior to the construction of the improvements built as a part of the project) in the property or project owned by the mortgagor in fee (or, in case the land in the property or project is held by the mortgagor under a leasehold or other interest less than a fee, such amount as the mortgagor paid for the acquisition of such leasehold or other interest but, in no event, in excess of the fair market value of such leasehold or other interest exclusive of the proposed improvements), but excluding the amount of any kickbacks, rebates, or trade discounts received in connection with the construction of the improvements, or (ii) in case the mortgage is to assist the financing of repair or rehabilitation the term means the actual cost to the mortgagor of such repair or rehabilitation, including the amounts paid for labor, materials, construction contracts, off-site public utilities, streets, organization and legal expenses, such allocations of general overhead items as are acceptable to the Secretary, and other items of expense approved by the Secretary, plus (I) a reasonable allowance for builder's profit if the mortgagor is also the builder as defined by the Secretary, and (II) an additional amount equal to (A) in case the land and improvements are to be acquired by the mortgagor and the purchase price thereof is to be financed with part of the proceeds of the mortgage, the purchase price of such land and improvements prior to such repair or rehabilitation, or (B) in case the land and improvements are owned by the mortgagor subject to an outstanding indebtedness to be refinanced with part of the proceeds of the mortgage, the amount of such outstanding indebtedness secured by such land and improvements, but excluding (for the purposes of this clause (ii)) the amount of any kickbacks, rebates, or trade discounts received in connection with the construction of the improvements: *Provided*, That such additional amount under (A) of this clause (ii) shall in no event exceed the Secretary's estimate of the fair market value of such land and improvements prior to such repair or rehabilitation, and such additional amount under (B) of this clause (ii) shall in no event exceed the approved percentage of the Secretary's estimate of the fair market value of such land and improvements prior to such repair or rehabilitation. In the case of a mortgage insured under section 1715k, 1715*l*(d)(3), 1715*l*(d)(4), 1715v, 1715x, or 1715z–1 of this title where the mortgagor is also the builder as defined by the Secretary, there shall be included in the actual cost, in lieu of the allowance for builder's profit under clause (i) or (ii) of the preceding sentence, an allowance for builder's and sponsor's profit and risk of 10 per centum (unless the Secretary, after finding that such allowance is unreasonable, shall by regulation prescribe a lesser percentage) of all other items entering into the term “actual cost” except land or amounts paid for a leasehold and amounts included under either (A) or (B) of clause (ii) of the preceding sentence. In the case of a mortgage insured under section 1715k, 1715*l*(d)(3), 1715*l*(d)(4), 1715v, 1715x, or 1715z–1 of this title, where the mortgagor is not also the builder as defined by the Secretary, there shall be included in the actual cost an allowance for sponsor's profit and risk of the said 10 per centum or lesser percentage of all other items entering into the term “actual cost” except land or amounts paid for a leasehold, amounts included under either (A) or (B) of the said clause (ii), and amounts paid by the mortgagor under a general construction contract.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §227, as added Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §126, 68 Stat. 607; amended Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title I, §102(i), 69 Stat. 636; Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, title I, §§105(d), 109, 70 Stat. 1094, 1095; Pub. L. 86–372, title I, §112, Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 661; Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §612(k), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 183; Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §119(c), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 782; Pub. L. 89–754, title V, §502(b), title X, §1020(b), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1277, 1295; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (4), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 90–448, title II, §201(b)(2), (3), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 502; Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title VIII, §2834(b), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2869.)

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (c)(2), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

**2008**—Pub. L. 110–289 designated introductory provisions as subsec. (a) and inserted heading, in subsec. (a), as redesignated, substituted “Except as provided in subsection (b) and notwithstanding” for “Notwithstanding”, redesignated cls. (a) and (b) as cls. (A) and (B), respectively, and struck out “As used in this section—” at end, added subsec. (b), inserted heading and introductory provisions of subsec. (c), and designated former subsecs. (a) to (c) as pars. (1) to (3), respectively, of subsec. (c) and subcls. (1) and (2) of cls. (i) and (ii) of former subsec. (c) as subcls. (I) and (II), respectively, of cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, of par. (3) of subsec. (c).

**1968**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–448, §201(b)(2), included mortgages insured or to be insured under section 1715z–1 of this title.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–448, §201(b)(3), substituted “section 1715x, or 1715z–1 of this title” for “section 1715x(b)(2) of this title”, in two places.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” in subsecs. (b) and (c), and “Secretary's” for “Commissioner's” in text preceding subsec. (a) and in subsec. (c).

**1966**—Pub. L. 89–754, §502(b), made the certification requirement applicable to mortgage covering property or project described in subchapter IX–B.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–754, §1020(b), substituted “subsection (b)” for “subsection (b)(2)” in cl. (vi).

**1964**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 88–560 included mortgages insured or to be insured under section 1715y(d) of this title.

**1961**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–70, §612(k)(1), included property covered by a mortgage insured or to be insured under section 1715x of this title if the mortgage meets the requirements of subsection (b)(2).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 87–70, §612(k)(2), substituted “value, cost, or replacement cost” for “value or replacement cost”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 87–70, §612(k)(3), substituted “section 1715*l*(d)(3), 1715*l*(d)(4), 1715v, or 1715x(b)(2) of this title” for “section 1715*l* of this title if the mortgage meets the requirements of paragraph (4) of subsection (d) thereof, or section 1715v of this title” in second and third sentences.

**1959**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–372, §112(a), included mortgages insured or to be insured under subsec. (d)(4) of section 1715*l* of this title, under section 1715v of this title, and under section 1748h–2 of this title, and struck out provisions which related to mortgages insured or to be insured under sections 1748b, 1750b and 1750g of this title.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 86–372, §112(b), substituted “under section 1715k of this title, section 1715*l* of this title if the mortgage meets the requirements of paragraph (4) of subsection (d) thereof, or section 1715v of this title” for “under section 1715k of this title” in two places.

**1956**—Act Aug. 7, 1956, §109, inserted sentence preceding subsec. (a), that upon Commissioner's approval, certification shall be final and incontestable, except for fraud or misrepresentation by mortgagor.

Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §105(d), inserted “or with respect to any property or project of a mortgagor of the character described in paragraph (3) of subsection (a) of section 1715e of this title,” before “(iii)”.

Subsec. (b). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §109, inserted provision that if the insured mortgage is to assist financing of repairs and no part of proceeds will be used to purchase the land or structure involved, the approved percentage shall be 100 percent.

Subsec. (c). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §109, inserted “such allocations of general overhead items as are acceptable to the Commissioner,” after “legal expenses” wherever appearing; struck out “(without reduction by reason of the application of the approved percentage requirements of this section)” before “secured by such land and improvements,” in cl. (ii)(B), amended proviso to provide that additional amount under (B) of cl. (ii) should not exceed the approved percentage of the Commissioner's estimate of the fair market value of the land and improvements; and inserted provisions at end relating to 10 percent allowance for builder's profit in mortgages issued under section 1715k.

**1955**—Act Aug. 11, 1955, substituted “under section 1715*l* of this title if the mortgage meets the requirements of paragraph (3) of subsection (d) of such section” for “under section 1715*l* of this title”.

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by “is”.

For purposes of this section, the term “insured mortgage covering a tax credit project” means a mortgage insured under any provision of this subchapter that is executed in connection with the construction, rehabilitation, purchase, or refinancing of a multifamily housing project for which equity 1 provided through any low-income housing tax credit pursuant to section 42 of title 26.

In the case of an insured mortgage covering a tax credit project, the Secretary may not require the escrowing of equity provided by the sale of any low-income housing tax credits for the project pursuant to section 42 of title 26, or any other form of security, such as a letter of credit.

In the case of an insured mortgage covering a tax credit project for which project the applicable tax credit allocating agency is causing to be performed periodic inspections in compliance with the requirements of section 42 of title 26, such project shall be exempt from requirements imposed by the Secretary regarding periodic inspections of the property by the mortgagee. To the extent that other compliance monitoring is being performed with respect to such a project by such an allocating agency pursuant to such section 42, the Secretary shall, to the extent that the Secretary determines such monitoring is sufficient to ensure compliance with any requirements established by the Secretary, accept such agency's evidence of compliance for purposes of determining compliance with the Secretary's requirements.

The Secretary shall establish a pilot program to demonstrate the effectiveness of streamlining the review process, which shall include all applications for mortgage insurance under any provision of this subchapter for mortgages executed in connection with the construction, rehabilitation, purchase, or refinancing of a multifamily housing project for which equity 1 provided through any low-income housing tax credit pursuant to section 42 of title 26. The Secretary shall issue instructions for implementing the pilot program under this subsection not later than the expiration of the 180-day period beginning upon July 30, 2008.

Such pilot program shall provide for—

(A) the Secretary to appoint designated underwriters, who shall be responsible for reviewing such mortgage insurance applications and making determinations regarding the eligibility of such applications for such mortgage insurance in lieu of the processing functions regarding such applications that are otherwise performed by other employees of the Department of Housing and Urban Development;

(B) submission of applications for such mortgage insurance by mortgagees who have previously been expressly approved by the Secretary; and

(C) determinations regarding the eligibility of such applications for such mortgage insurance to be made by the chief underwriter pursuant to requirements prescribed by the Secretary, which shall include requiring submission of reports regarding applications of proposed mortgagees by third-party entities expressly approved by the chief underwriter.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §228, as added Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title VIII, §2834(c), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2870.)

A prior section 1715s, which was based in part on act Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VIII, §814, 68 Stat. 647, provided for the keeping of records with respect to multifamily housing and examination and audit thereof. Section 814 of act Aug. 2, 1954, was transferred and is classified in full to section 1434 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title VIII, §2832, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2867, provided that:

“(a)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) projects for which assistance is provided by such Department in conjunction with any low-income housing tax credits under section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 42] or tax-exempt housing bonds; and

“(B) existing public housing projects and assisted housing projects, for which approval of the Secretary is necessary for transactions, in conjunction with any such low-income housing tax credits or tax-exempt housing bonds, involving the preservation or rehabilitation of the project.

“(3)

“(A) improving the efficiency of approval procedures;

“(B) simplifying approval requirements,

“(C) establishing time deadlines or target deadlines for required approvals;

“(D) modifying division of approval authority between field and national offices;

“(E) improving outreach to project sponsors regarding information that is required to be submitted for such approvals;

“(F) requesting additional funding for increasing staff, if necessary; and

“(G) any other actions which would expedite approvals.

Any such changes shall be made in a manner that provides for full compliance with any existing requirements under law or regulation that are designed to protect families receiving public and assisted housing assistance, including income targeting, rent, and fair housing provisions, and shall also comply with requirements regarding environmental review and protection and wages paid to laborers.

“(b)

“(c)

“(d)

“(1) identifies the actions taken by the Secretary to comply with this section;

“(2) includes information regarding any resulting improvements in the expedited approval for multifamily housing projects;

“(3) identifies recommendations made pursuant to subsection (c);

“(4) identifies actions taken by the Secretary to implement the provisions in the amendments made by sections 2834 and 2835 of this Act [enacting this section and sections 1437z–8 and 11403f–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and amending sections 1701q and 1715r of this title and sections 1437f, 3545, 11403g, 11403h, 11404, 11405, 11405b, 11406, 11407, and 11407b of Title 42]; and

“(5) makes recommendations for any legislative changes that are needed to facilitate prompt approval of assistance for such projects.”

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by “is”.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter and with respect to any loan or mortgage heretofore or hereafter insured under this chapter, except under section 1703 of this title and except as specified under section 1715z–15 of this title and subtitle B of the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987,,1 the Secretary is authorized to terminate any insurance contract upon request by the borrower or mortgagor and the financial institution or mortgagee and upon payment of such termination charge as the Secretary determines to be equitable, taking into consideration the necessity of protecting the various insurance Funds. Upon such termination, borrowers and mortgagors and financial institutions and mortgagees shall be entitled to the rights, if any, to which they would be entitled under this chapter if the insurance contract were terminated by payment in full of the insured loan or mortgage.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §229, as added Pub. L. 86–372, title I, §113, Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 662; amended Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §612(*l*), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 183; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(k), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 505; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 101–235, title II, §202(d)(2), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2037.)

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987, referred to in text, is title II of Pub. L. 100–242, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1877, which, as amended by Pub. L. 101–625, is known as the Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990. Subtitle B of title II, which was formerly set out as a note under section 1715*l* of this title and which amended section 1715z–6 of this title, was amended generally by Pub. L. 101–625 and is classified generally to subchapter I (§4101 et seq.) of chapter 42 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4101 of this title and Tables.

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–235 inserted “and except as specified under section 1715z–15 of this title and subtitle B of the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987,” after “section 1703 of this title”.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

**1965**—Pub. L. 89–117 struck out “and Accounts” after “various Insurance Funds”.

**1961**—Pub. L. 87–70 amended section generally, authorizing voluntary termination of insurance contracts with respect to loans insured under this chapter.

Upon default or imminent default, as defined by the Secretary 1 of any mortgage insured under this subchapter, mortgagees shall engage in loss mitigation actions for the purpose of providing an alternative to foreclosure (including but not limited to actions such as special forbearance, loan modification, preforeclosure sale, support for borrower housing counseling, subordinate lien resolution, borrower incentives, and deeds in lieu of foreclosure, as required, but not including assignment of mortgages to the Secretary under section 1710(a)(1)(A) of this title) or subsection (c),2 as provided in regulations by the Secretary.

The Secretary may establish a program for payment of a partial claim to a mortgagee that agrees to apply the claim amount to payment of a mortgage on a 1- to 4-family residence that is in default or faces imminent default, as defined by the Secretary.

Any payment of a partial claim under the program established in paragraph (1) to a mortgagee shall be made in the sole discretion of the Secretary and on terms and conditions acceptable to the Secretary, except that—

(A) the amount of the payment shall be in an amount determined by the Secretary, not to exceed an amount equivalent to 30 percent of the unpaid principal balance of the mortgage and any costs that are approved by the Secretary;

(B) the amount of the partial claim payment shall first be applied to any arrearage on the mortgage, and may also be applied to achieve principal reduction;

(C) the mortgagor shall agree to repay the amount of the insurance claim to the Secretary upon terms and conditions acceptable to the Secretary;

(D) the Secretary may permit compensation to the mortgagee for lost income on monthly payments, due to a reduction in the interest rate charged on the mortgage;

(E) expenses related to the partial claim or modification may not be charged to the borrower;

(F) loans may be modified to extend the term of the mortgage to a maximum of 40 years from the date of the modification; and

(G) the Secretary may permit incentive payments to the mortgagee, on the borrower's behalf, based on successful performance of a modified mortgage, which shall be used to reduce the amount of principal indebtedness.

The Secretary may pay the mortgagee, from the appropriate insurance fund, in connection with any activities that the mortgagee is required to undertake concerning repayment by the mortgagor of the amount owed to the Secretary.

The Secretary may establish a program for assignment to the Secretary, upon request of the mortgagee, of a mortgage on a 1- to 4-family residence insured under this chapter.

The Secretary may accept assignment of a mortgage under this paragraph only if—

(i) the mortgage was in default or facing imminent default, as defined by the Secretary;

(ii) the mortgagee has modified the mortgage to cure the default and provide for mortgage payments within the reasonable ability of the mortgagor to pay, at interest rates not exceeding current market interest rates; and

(iii) the Secretary arranges for servicing of the assigned mortgage by a mortgagee (which may include the assigning mortgagee) through procedures that the Secretary has determined to be in the best interests of the appropriate insurance fund.

Upon accepting assignment of a mortgage under this paragraph, the Secretary may pay insurance benefits to the mortgagee from the appropriate insurance fund, in an amount that the Secretary determines to be appropriate, not to exceed the amount necessary to compensate the mortgagee for the assignment and any losses and expenses resulting from the mortgage modification.

The Secretary may encourage loan modifications for eligible delinquent mortgages or mortgages facing imminent default, as defined by the Secretary, through the payment of insurance benefits and assignment of the mortgage to the Secretary and the subsequent modification of the terms of the mortgage according to a loan modification approved by the mortgagee.

In carrying out this paragraph, the Secretary may pay insurance benefits for a mortgage, in the amount determined in accordance with section 1710(a)(5) of this title, without reduction for any amounts modified, but only upon the assignment, transfer, and delivery to the Secretary of all rights, interest, claims, evidence, and records with respect to the mortgage specified in clauses (i) through (iv) of section 1710(a)(1)(A) of this title.

After modification of a mortgage pursuant to this paragraph, the Secretary may provide insurance under this subchapter for the mortgage. The Secretary may subsequently—

(i) re-assign the mortgage to the mortgagee under terms and conditions as are agreed to by the mortgagee and the Secretary;

(ii) act as a Government National Mortgage Association issuer, or contract with an entity for such purpose, in order to pool the mortgage into a Government National Mortgage Association security; or

(iii) re-sell the mortgage in accordance with any program that has been established for purchase by the Federal Government of mortgages insured under this subchapter, and the Secretary may coordinate standards for interest rate reductions available for loan modification with interest rates established for such purchase.

In carrying out this paragraph, the Secretary may require the existing servicer of a mortgage assigned to the Secretary to continue servicing the mortgage as an agent of the Secretary during the period that the Secretary acquires and holds the mortgage for the purpose of modifying the terms of the mortgage, provided that the Secretary compensates the existing servicer appropriately, as such compensation is determined by the Secretary consistent, to the maximum extent possible, with section 1709(b) of this title. If the mortgage is resold pursuant to subparagraph (C)(iii), the Secretary may provide for the existing servicer to continue to service the mortgage or may engage another entity to service the mortgage.

No decision by the Secretary to exercise or forego exercising any authority under this section shall be subject to judicial review.

No provision of this chapter, or any other law, shall be construed to require the Secretary to provide an alternative to foreclosure for mortgagees with mortgages on 1- to 4-family residences insured by the Secretary under this chapter, or to accept assignments of such mortgages.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §230, as added Pub. L. 86–372, title I, §114(a), Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 662; amended Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §104(b), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 770; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §341, Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1659; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §418, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1212; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §428, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1918; Pub. L. 102–83, §5(c)(2), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406; Pub. L. 104–99, title IV, §407(b), Jan. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 45; Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(e) [title II, §221(b)(2)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–257, 1321–291; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 105–276, title VI, §601(f), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2674; Pub. L. 111–22, div. A, title II, §203(d)(1)–(3), May 20, 2009, 123 Stat. 1645, 1646.)

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (c)(1)(A) and (f), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

**2009**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–22, §203(d)(1)(C)–(E), inserted “preforeclosure sale, support for borrower housing counseling, subordinate lien resolution, borrower incentives,” after “loan modification,”, “as required,” after “deeds in lieu of foreclosure,”, and “or subsection (c),” before “as provided”.

Pub. L. 111–22, §203(d)(1)(B), which directed substitution of “loan” for “loss”, was executed by making the substitution before “modification” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 111–22, §203(d)(1)(A), inserted “or imminent default, as defined by the Secretary” after “default”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–22, §203(d)(2), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Secretary may establish a program for payment of a partial claim to a mortgagee that agrees to apply the claim amount to payment of a mortgage on a 1- to 4-family residence that is in default. Any such payment under such program to the mortgagee shall be made in the sole discretion of the Secretary and on terms and conditions acceptable to the Secretary, except that—

“(1) the amount of the payment shall be in an amount determined by the Secretary, not to exceed an amount equivalent to 12 of the monthly mortgage payments and any costs related to the default that are approved by the Secretary; and

“(2) the mortgagor shall agree to repay the amount of the insurance claim to the Secretary upon terms and conditions acceptable to the Secretary.

The Secretary may pay the mortgagee, from the appropriate insurance fund, in connection with any activities that the mortgagee is required to undertake concerning repayment by the mortgagor of the amount owed to the Secretary.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–22, §203(d)(3)(A)–(C)(i), designated existing provisions as par. (1), redesignated former pars. (1) to (3) as subpars. (A) to (C), respectively, of par. (1), and redesignated subpars. (A) to (C) of former par. (2) as cls. (i) to (iii), respectively, of par. (1)(B).

Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 111–22, §203(d)(3)(C)(ii), substituted “under this paragraph” for “under a program under this subsection” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1)(B)(i). Pub. L. 111–22, §203(d)(3)(C)(iii), inserted “or facing imminent default, as defined by the Secretary” after “default”.

Subsec. (c)(1)(C). Pub. L. 111–22, §203(d)(3)(D), which directed substitution of “under this paragraph” for “under a program under this subsection”, was executed by making the substitution for “under a program established under this subsection” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 111–22, §203(d)(3)(E), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated subpar. (B) of par. (1).

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–276 added subsec. (a) and redesignated former subsecs. (a) to (e) as (b) to (f), respectively.

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–99 amended section generally, substituting subsecs. (a) to (e) relating to authority to assist mortgagors in default for former subsecs. (a) to (d) relating to temporary mortgage assistance payments and acquisition of mortgages to avoid foreclosures.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–134 struck out heading and text of subsec. (d). Text read as follows: “Any mortgage for which the mortgagor has applied to the Secretary, before the date of enactment of the Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1996, for assignment pursuant to subsection (b) of this section as in effect before such date of enactment shall continue to be governed by the provisions of this section, as in effect immediately before such date of enactment.”

**1991**—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 102–83 substituted “section 3703(c) of title 38” for “section 1803(c) of title 38”.

**1988**—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 100–242 substituted “The interest rate on payments made under this subsection shall be the rate established under section 1803(c) of title 38. The interest rate to be charged shall be determined when the Secretary approves assistance under this subsection” for “The Secretary may establish interest charges on payments made under this subsection; except that such charges shall not exceed a rate which is more than the maximum interest rate applicable with respect to level payment mortgages insured pursuant to section 1709(b) of this title at the time assistance under this section is approved by the Secretary.”

**1983**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–181 struck out “, to the extent practicable,” after “Secretary shall”.

**1980**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–399 added subsec. (a). Existing undesignated provisions were designated as subsec. (b)(1).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–399 designated existing undesignated provision as par. (1), made changes in phraseology which included applicability of remedy provided by subsection (a) of this section and determinations made pursuant to such subsection, and added pars. (2) and (3).

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 96–399 added subsecs. (c) and (d).

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

**1964**—Pub. L. 88–560 authorized the Commissioner to acquire the loan and security notwithstanding the fact that he has previously approved a request of the mortgagee for an extension of the time for curing the default and of the time for commencing foreclosure proceedings or for otherwise acquiring title to the mortgaged property or has approved a modification of the mortgage for the purpose of changing the amortization provisions by recasting the unpaid balance and substituted provisions for acquisition of the loan and security upon payment of the insurance benefits in an amount equal to the unpaid principal balance of the loan plus any unpaid mortgage interest plus reimbursement for such costs and attorney's fees as the Commissioner finds were properly incurred in connection with the defaulted mortgage and its assignment to the Commissioner for former provision for such acquisition upon issuance to the mortgagee of debentures having a total face value equal to the unpaid principal balance of the loan plus any accrued interest.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–99 applicable with respect to mortgages insured under this chapter that are executed before, on, or after Oct. 1, 1997, see section 407(c) of Pub. L. 104–99, as amended, set out as a note under section 1710 of this title.

Section 101(e) [title II, §221(b)(1)] of Pub. L. 104–134 provided that: “Any mortgage for which the mortgagor has applied to the Secretary, before the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 26, 1996], for assignment to the Secretary pursuant to section 230(b) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715u(b)] shall continue to be governed by the provisions of such section, as in effect immediately before enactment of the Balanced Budget Downpayment Act, I [Pub. L. 104–99, which was approved Jan. 26, 1996].”

Pub. L. 111–22, div. A, title II, §203(d)(4), May 20, 2009, 123 Stat. 1647, provided that: “The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may implement the amendments made by this subsection [amending this section] through notice or mortgagee letter.”

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma.

2 So in original. Probably should be “section 1710(a)(1)(A) of this title or subsection (c)),”.

The purpose of this section is to assist in relieving the shortage of housing for elderly persons and to increase the supply of rental housing for elderly persons.

For the purposes of this section—

(1) the term “housing” means eight or more new or rehabilitated living units, not less than 50 per centum of which are specially designed for the use and occupancy of elderly persons;

(2) the term “elderly person” means any person, married or single, who is sixty-two years of age or over; and

(3) the terms “mortgage”, “mortgagee”, “mortgagor”, and “maturity date” shall have the meanings respectively set forth in section 1713 of this title.

The Secretary is authorized to insure any mortgage (including advances on mortgages during construction) in accordance with the provisions of this section upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe and to make commitments for insurance of such mortgages prior to the date of their execution or disbursement thereon.

To be eligible for insurance under this section, a mortgage to provide housing for elderly persons shall—

(1) Repealed. Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §304(f), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 678.

(2)(A) not exceed, for such part of the property or project as may be attributable to dwelling use (excluding exterior land improvements as defined by the Secretary), $35,978 per family unit without a bedroom, $40,220 per family unit with one bedroom, $48,029 per family unit with two bedrooms, $57,798 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $67,950 per family unit with four or more bedrooms; except that as to projects to consist of elevator-type structures the Secretary may, in his discretion, increase the dollar amount limitations per family unit to not to exceed $40,876 per family unit without a bedroom, $46,859 per family unit with one bedroom, $56,979 per family unit with two bedrooms, $73,710 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $80,913 per family unit with four or more bedrooms, as the case may be, to compensate for the higher costs incident to the construction of elevator-type structures of sound standards of construction and design; (B) the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the dollar limitations in subparagraph (A) (as such limitations may have been adjusted in accordance with section 1712a of this title) by not to exceed 170 percent in any geographical area where the Secretary finds that cost levels so require and by not to exceed 170 percent, or 215 percent in high cost areas, where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project-by-project basis, but in no case may any such increase exceed 90 percent where the Secretary determines that a mortgage purchased or to be purchased by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions under section 1720 1 of this title (as such section existed immediately before November 30, 1983) is involved; (C) the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the dollar limitations in subparagraph (A) (as such limitations may have been adjusted in accordance with section 1712a of this title) by not to exceed 20 per centum if such increase is necessary to account for the increased cost of the project due to the installation therein of a solar energy system (as defined in subparagraph (3) of the last paragraph of section 1703(a) of this title) or residential energy conservation measures (as defined in section 8211(11)(A) through (G) and (I) of title 42) 1 in cases where the Secretary determines that such measures are in addition to those required under the minimum property standards and will be cost-effective over the life of the measure;

(3) if executed by a mortgagor which is a public instrumentality or a private nonprofit corporation or association or other acceptable private nonprofit organization regulated or supervised under Federal or State laws or by political subdivisions of States, or agencies thereof, or by the Secretary under a regulatory agreement or otherwise, as to rents, charges, and methods of operation, in such form and in such manner as, in the opinion of the Secretary, will effectuate the purpose of this section, involve a principal obligation not in excess of the amount which the Secretary estimates will be the replacement cost of the property or project when the proposed improvements are completed (the replacement cost may include the land, the proposed physical improvements, utilities within the boundaries of the land, architect's fees, taxes, interest during construction, and other miscellaneous charges incident to construction and approved by the Secretary): *Provided*, That in the case of properties other than new construction, the principal obligation shall not exceed the appraised value rather than the Secretary's estimate of the replacement cost;

(4) if executed by a mortgagor which is approved by the Secretary but is not a public instrumentality or a private nonprofit organization, involve a principal obligation not in excess (in the case of a property or project approved for mortgage insurance prior to the beginning of construction) of 90 per centum of the amount which the Secretary estimates will be the replacement cost of the property or project when the proposed improvements are completed (the replacement costs may include the land, the proposed physical improvements, utilities within the boundaries of the land, architect's fees, taxes, interest during construction, and other miscellaneous charges incident to construction and approved by the Secretary, and shall include an allowance for builder's and sponsor's profit and risk of 10 per centum of all of the foregoing items except the land unless the Secretary, after certification that such allowance is unreasonable, shall by regulation prescribe a lesser percentage): *Provided*, That in the case of properties other than new construction the principal obligation shall not exceed 90 per centum of the Secretary's estimate of the value of the property or project: *And provided further*, That the Secretary may in his discretion require such mortgagor to be regulated or restricted as to rents or sales, charges, capital structure, rate of return, and methods of operating, and for such purpose the Secretary may make contracts with and acquire for not to exceed $100 such stock or interest in any such mortgagor as the Secretary may deem necessary to render effective such restrictions or regulations; such stock or interest shall be paid for out of the General Insurance Fund and shall be redeemed by the mortgagor at par upon the termination of all obligations of the Secretary under the insurance;

(5) provide for a complete amortization by periodic payments (unless otherwise approved by the Secretary) within such terms as the Secretary shall prescribe;

(6) bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee; and

(7) cover a property or project which is approved for mortgage insurance prior to the beginning of construction or rehabilitation, with 50 per centum or more of the units therein specially designed for the use and occupancy of elderly persons in accordance with standards established by the Secretary, and which may include such commercial and special facilities as the Secretary deems adequate to serve the occupants.

The Secretary may consent to the release of a part or parts of the mortgaged property or project from the lien of any mortgage insured under this section upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, and shall prescribe such procedures as in his judgment are necessary to secure to elderly persons a preference or priority of opportunity to rent the dwellings included in such property or project.

The provisions of subsections (d), (e), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (*l*), and (n) of section 1713 of this title shall apply to mortgages insured under this section and all references therein to section 1713 of this title shall refer to this section.

Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this section, the housing provided under this section may include family units which are specially designed for the use and occupancy of any person or family qualifying as a handicapped family as defined in section 1701q 2 of this title, and such special facilities as the Secretary deems adequate to serve handicapped families (as so defined). The Secretary may also prescribe procedures to secure to such families preference or priority of opportunity to rent the living units specially designed for their use and occupancy.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §231, as added Pub. L. 86–372, title II, §201(a), Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 665; amended Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §612(m), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 183; Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §107(e), title II, §203(c), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 776, 784; Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §207(e), title XI, §1108(*l*), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 467, 505; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (4), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 90–301, §3(d), May 7, 1968, 82 Stat. 114; Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §113(g), Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 384; Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §§303(f), 304(f), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 677, 678; Pub. L. 94–173, §3, Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 1027; Pub. L. 94–375, §8(a), (b)(6), Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1071, 1072; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §314, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1117; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §310(e), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1642; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §339B(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 417; Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §101(g), Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1908; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §§404(b)(9), 446(e), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1209, 1228; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §426(f), (h), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1916; Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §509(f), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3783; Pub. L. 107–73, title II, §213(f), Nov. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 677; Pub. L. 107–326, §5(b)(6), Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2795; Pub. L. 108–186, title III, §302(b), Dec. 16, 2003, 117 Stat. 2692; Pub. L. 110–161, div. K, title II, §221(1), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2436.)

Section 1720 of this title, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(B), was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §483(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1240.

Section 8211 of title 42, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(C), was omitted from the Code pursuant to section 8229 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, which terminated authority under that section on June 30, 1989.

The General Insurance Fund, referred to in subsec. (c)(4), was established by section 1735c of this title.

Section 1701q of this title, referred to in subsec. (f), was amended generally by Pub. L. 101–625, title VIII, §801(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4297, and, as so amended, no longer defines the term “handicapped family”.

**2007**—Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 110–161 substituted “170 percent” for “140 percent” after “not to exceed” in two places and “215 percent in high cost areas” for “170 percent in high cost areas”.

**2003**—Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 108–186 substituted “140 percent in” for “110 percent in” and inserted “, or 170 percent in high cost areas,” after “and by not to exceed 140 percent”.

**2002**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 107–326 inserted “(A)” after “(2)” and substituted “; (B) the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the dollar limitations in subparagraph (A) (as such limitations may have been adjusted in accordance with section 1712a of this title)” for “; and except that the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the foregoing dollar amount limitations contained in this paragraph” and “; (C) the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the dollar limitations in subparagraph (A) (as such limitations may have been adjusted in accordance with section 1712a of this title)” for “: *Provided*, That the Secretary may further increase the dollar amount limitations which would otherwise apply for the purpose of this section”.

**2001**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 107–73 substituted “$35,978”, “$40,220”, “$48,029”, “$57,798”, and “$67,950” for “$28,782”, “$32,176”, “$38,423”, “$46,238”, and “$54,360”, respectively, and “$40,876”, “$46,859”, “$56,979”, “$73,710”, and “$80,913” for “$32,701”, “$37,487”, “$45,583”, “$58,968”, and “$64,730”, respectively.

**1992**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 102–550 substituted “$28,782”, “$32,176”, “$38,423”, “$46,238”, and “$54,360” for “$23,985”, “$26,813”, “$32,019”, “$38,532”, and “$45,300”, respectively, and “$32,701”, “$37,487”, “$45,583”, “$58,968”, and “$64,730” for “$27,251”, “$31,239”, “$37,986”, “$49,140”, and “$53,942”, respectively.

**1988**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 100–242 substituted “$23,985”, “$26,813”, “$32,019”, “$38,532”, and “$45,300” for “$18,450”, “$20,625”, “$24,630”, “$29,640”, and “$34,846”, respectively, and “$27,251”, “$31,239”, “$37,986”, “$49,140”, and “$53,942” for “$20,962”, “$24,030”, “$29,220”, “$37,800”, and “$41,494”, respectively, and substituted “not to exceed 110 percent in any geographical area where the Secretary finds that cost levels so require and by not to exceed 140 percent where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project-by-project basis, but in no case may any such increase exceed 90 percent where the Secretary determines that a mortgage purchased or to be purchased by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions under section 1720 of this title (as such section existed immediately before November 30, 1983) is involved” for “not to exceed 75 per centum in any geographical area where he finds that cost levels so require, except that, where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project by project basis, the foregoing dollar amount limitations contained in this paragraph may be exceeded by not to exceed 90 per centum (by not to exceed 140 per centum where the Secretary determines that a mortgage other than one purchased or to be purchased under section 1720 of this title by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions is involved) in such an area”.

**1983**—Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 98–181, §446(e), inserted “(unless otherwise approved by the Secretary)” after “periodic payments”.

Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 98–181, §404(b)(9), substituted provision that the interest rate be at such a rate as agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee for provision that the interest rate, exclusive of premium charges for insurance, not exceed 5 per centum per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time, or not exceed such per centum per annum not in excess of 6 per centum as the Secretary finds necessary to meet the mortgage market.

**1982**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 97–377 inserted “(by not to exceed 140 per centum where the Secretary determines that a mortgage other than one purchased or to be purchased under section 1720 of this title by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions is involved)” after “90 per centum”.

**1981**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 97–35 inserted “therein” after “installation” and struck out “therein” after “measure”.

**1980**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 96–399 inserted proviso relating to increase of dollar amount limitations due to installation of a solar energy system.

**1979**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 96–153 substituted “75 per centum” for “50 per centum” and inserted exception that the dollar amount limitations may be exceeded by not be exceed 90 per centum where the Secretary determines it to be necessary.

**1976**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 94–375 substituted “50 per centum in any geographical area” for “75 per centum in any geographical area”, “$18,450” for “$12,300”, “$20,625” for “$17,188”, “$24,630” for “$20,525”, “$29,640” for “$24,700”, “$34,846” for “$29,038”, “$20,962” for “$13,975”, “$24,030” for “$20,025”, “$29,220” for “$24,350”, “$37,800” for “$31,500”, and “$41,494” for “$34,578”.

**1975**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 94–173 raised from 45 per centum to 75 per centum the amount by which any dollar limitation may, by regulation, be increased.

**1974**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 93–383, §304(f), struck out par. (1) which set forth limits on principal obligations of mortgages.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 93–383, §303(f), substituted “$12,300” for “$8,800”, “$13,975” for “$10,450”, “$17,188” for “$12,375”, “$20,025” for “$14,850”, “$20,525” for “$14,850”, “$24,350” for “$17,600”, “$24,700” for “$18,700”, “$29,038” for “$21,175”, “$31,500” for “$22,000”, and “$34,578” for “$25,025”.

**1969**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 91–152 substituted “$8,800” for “$8,000”, “$10,450” for “$9,500”, “$12,375” for “$11,250”, “$14,850” for “$13,500” wherever appearing, “$17,600” for “$16,000”, “$18,700” for “$17,000”, “$21,175” for “$19,250”, “$22,000” for “$20,000”, and “$25,025” for “$22,750”.

**1968**—Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 90–301 increased limitation on interest rates from 5½ to 6 per centum per annum.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (b), (c)(2) to (7), (d), and (f).

Subsec. (c)(3), (4). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(4), substituted “Secretary's” for “Commissioner's”.

**1965**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 89–117, §207(e), substituted “$17,000 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $19,250 per family unit with four or more bedrooms” for “and $17,000 per family unit with three or more bedrooms” and “$20,000 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $22,750 per family unit with four or more bedrooms” for “and $20,000 per family unit with three or more bedrooms”.

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(*l*)(1), substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “section 207 Housing Insurance Fund”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(*l*)(2), struck out references to subsecs. (f), (m) and (p) of section 1713 of this title.

**1964**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 88–560, §107(e), changed limits on mortgages for property or project attributable to dwelling use from “$2,250 per room (or $9,000 per family unit if the number of rooms in such property or project is less than four per family unit)” to “$8,000 per family unit without a bedroom, $11,250 per family unit with one bedroom, $13,500 per family unit with two bedrooms, and $17,000 per family unit with three or more bedrooms”, changed such mortgage limits on project consisting of elevator-type structures from a sum “of $2,250 per room to not to exceed $2,750 per room, and the dollar amount limitation of $9,000 per family unit to not to exceed $9,400 per family unit” to dollar amount limitations “per family unit to not to exceed $9,500 per family unit without a bedroom, $13,500 per family unit with one bedroom, $16,000 per family unit with two bedrooms, and $20,000 per family unit with three or more bedrooms”, and substituted provisions authorizing an increase “by not to exceed 45 per centum” of any of such limits because of cost levels for former provision authorizing such increase “by not to exceed $1,250 per room, without regard to the number of rooms being less than four, or four or more”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 88–560, §203(c), added subsec. (f).

**1961**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 87–70 increased the maximum amount of mortgages from not more than $9,000 per dwelling unit for such part of such property or project as may be attributable to dwelling use to not more than $2,250 per room (or $9,000 per family unit if the number of rooms in such property or project is less than four per family unit) for such part of such property or project as may be attributable to dwelling use (excluding exterior land improvements), and permitted an increase of from $2,250 per room to not more than $2,750 per room to compensate for the higher costs incident to the construction of elevator-type structures.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

The directory language of, but not the amendment made by, Pub. L. 90–301, §3(d), May 7, 1968, 82 Stat. 114, cited as a credit to this section, was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §404(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1208.

For limitation on the number of dwelling units with mortgages not providing for complete amortization pursuant to authority granted by amendment to subsec. (c)(5) by section 446 of Pub. L. 98–181, see section 446(f) of Pub. L. 98–181, set out as a note under section 1713 of this title.

Equitable application of amendment to subsec. (c)(2) of this section by section 107(e) of Pub. L. 88–560 or pre-amendment provisions to projects submitted for consideration prior to Sept. 2, 1964, see section 107(g) of Pub. L. 88–560, set out as a note under section 1713 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 See References in Text note below.

The purpose of this section is to assist in the provision of facilities for any of the following purposes or for a combination of such purposes:

(1) The development of nursing homes for the care and treatment of convalescents and other persons who are not acutely ill and do not need hospital care but who require skilled nursing care and related medical services, including additional facilities for the nonresident care of elderly individuals and others who are able to live independently but who require care during the day.

(2) The development of intermediate care facilities and board and care homes for the care of persons who, while not in need of nursing home care and treatment, nevertheless are unable to live fully independently and who are in need of minimum but continuous care provided by licensed or trained personnel, including additional facilities for the nonresident care of elderly individuals and others who are able to live independently but who require care during the day.

(3) The development of assisted living facilities for the care of frail elderly persons.

For the purposes of this section—

(1) the term “nursing home” means a public facility, proprietary facility or facility of a private nonprofit corporation or association, licensed or regulated by the State (or, if there is no State law providing for such licensing and regulation by the State, by the municipality or other political subdivision in which the facility is located), for the accommodation of convalescents or other persons who are not acutely ill and not in need of hospital care but who require skilled nursing care and related medical services, in which such nursing care and medical services are prescribed by, or are performed under the general direction of, persons licensed to provide such care or services in accordance with the laws of the State where the facility is located;

(2) the term “intermediate care facility” means a proprietary facility or facility of a private nonprofit corporation or association licensed or regulated by the State (or, if there is no State law providing for such licensing and regulation by the State, by the municipality or other political subdivision in which the facility is located) for the accommodation of persons who, because of incapacitating infirmities, require minimum but continuous care but are not in need of continuous medical or nursing services;

(3) the term a 1 “nursing home” or “intermediate care facility” may include such additional facilities as may be authorized by the Secretary for the nonresident care of elderly individuals and others who are able to live independently but who require care during the day;

(4) the term “mortgage” means a first mortgage on real estate in fee simple, or on the interest of either the lessor or lessee thereof (A) under a lease for not less than ninety-nine years which is renewable, or (B) under a lease having a period of not less than ten years to run beyond the maturity date of the mortgage. The term “first mortgage” means such classes of first liens as are commonly given to secure advances (including but not limited to advances during construction) on, or the unpaid purchase price of, real estate under the laws of the State in which the real estate is located, together with the credit instrument or instruments, if any, secured thereby, and any mortgage may be in the form of one or more trust mortgages or mortgage indentures or deeds of trust, securing notes, bonds, or other credit instruments, and, by the same instrument or by a separate instrument, may create a security interest in initial equipment, whether or not attached to the realty. The term “mortgagor” shall have the meaning set forth in section 1713(a) of this title;

(5) the term “board and care home” means any residential facility providing room, board, and continuous protective oversight that is regulated by a State pursuant to the provisions of section 1616(e) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1382e(e)], so long as the home is located in a State that, at the time of an application is made for insurance under this section, has demonstrated to the Secretary that it is in compliance with the provisions of such section 1616(e);

(6) the term “assisted living facility” means a public facility, proprietary facility, or facility of a private nonprofit corporation that—

(A) is licensed and regulated by the State (or if there is no State law providing for such licensing and regulation by the State, by the municipality or other political subdivision in which the facility is located);

(B) makes available to residents supportive services to assist the residents in carrying out activities of daily living, such as bathing, dressing, eating, getting in and out of bed or chairs, walking, going outdoors, using the toilet, laundry, home management, preparing meals, shopping for personal items, obtaining and taking medication, managing money, using the telephone, or performing light or heavy housework, and which may make available to residents home health care services, such as nursing and therapy; and

(C) provides separate dwelling units for residents, each of which may contain a full kitchen and bathroom, and which includes common rooms and other facilities appropriate for the provision of supportive services to the residents of the facility; and

(7) the term “frail elderly person” has the meaning given the term in section 8011(k) of title 42.

The Secretary is authorized to insure any mortgage (including advances on such mortgage during construction) in accordance with the provisions of this section upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe and to make commitments for insurance of such mortgage prior to the date of its execution or disbursement thereon.

In order to carry out the purposes of this section, the Secretary is authorized to insure any mortgage which covers a new or rehabilitated nursing home,,2 assisted living facility, or intermediate care facility, including a new addition to an existing nursing home, assisted living facility, or intermediate care facility and regardless of whether the existing home or facility is being rehabilitated, or any combination of nursing home, assisted living facility, and intermediate care facility or a board and care home, including equipment to be used in its operation, subject to the following conditions:

(1) The mortgage shall be executed by a mortgagor approved by the Secretary. The Secretary may in his discretion require any such mortgagor to be regulated or restricted as to charges and methods of financing, and, in addition thereto, if the mortgagor is a corporate entity, as to capital structure and rate of return. As an aid to the regulation or restriction of any mortgagor with respect to any of the foregoing matters, the Secretary may make such contracts with and acquire for not to exceed $100 such stock or interest in such mortgagor as he may deem necessary. Any stock or interest so purchased shall be paid for out of the General Insurance Fund, and shall be redeemed by the mortgagor at par upon the termination of all obligations of the Secretary under the insurance.

(2) The mortgage shall involve a principal obligation in an amount not to exceed 90 per centum of the estimated value of the property or project, or 95 percent of the estimated value of the property or project in the case of a mortgagor that is a private nonprofit corporation or association (under the meaning given such term for purposes of section 1715*l*(d)(3) of this title), including—

(A) equipment to be used in the operation of the home or facility or combined home and facility when the proposed improvements are completed and the equipment is installed; or

(B) a solar energy system (as defined in subparagraph (3) of the last paragraph of section 1703(a) of this title) or residential energy conservation measures (as defined in section 8211(11)(A) through (G) and (I) of title 42) 3 in cases where the Secretary determines that such measures are in addition to those required under the minimum property standards and will be cost-effective over the life of the measure.

(3) The mortgage shall—

(A) provide for complete amortization by periodic payments within such terms as the Secretary shall prescribe; and

(B) bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee.

The Secretary shall not promulgate regulations or establish terms or conditions that interfere with the ability of the mortgagor and mortgagee to determine the interest rate; and 4

(4)(A) With respect to nursing homes and intermediate care facilities and combined nursing home and intermediate care facilities, the Secretary shall not insure any mortgage under this section unless he has received, from the State agency designated in accordance with section 604(a)(1) or section 1521 3 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 291d (a)(1), 300m] for the State in which is located the nursing home or intermediate care facility or combined nursing home and intermediate care facility covered by the mortgage, a certification that (i) there is a need for such home or facility or combined home and facility, and (ii) there are in force in such State or in the municipality or other political subdivision of the State in which the proposed home or facility or combined home and facility is to be located reasonable minimum standards of licensure and methods of operation governing it. No such mortgage shall be insured under this section unless the Secretary has received such assurance as he may deem satisfactory from the State agency that such standards will be applied and enforced with respect to any home or facility or combined home and facility located in the State for which mortgage insurance is provided under this section. If no such State agency exists, or if the State agency exists but is not empowered to provide a certification that there is a need for the home or facility or combined home and facility as required in clause (i) of the first sentence, the Secretary shall not insure any mortgage under this section unless (i) the State in which the home or facility or combined home and facility is located has conducted or commissioned and paid for the preparation of an independent study of market need and feasibility that (I) is prepared in accordance with the principles established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants; (II) assesses, on a marketwide basis, the impact of the proposed home or facility or combined home and facility on, and its relationship to, other health care facilities and services, the percentage of excess beds, demographic projections, alternative health care delivery systems, and the reimbursement structure of the home, facility, or combined home and facility; (III) is addressed to and is acceptable to the Secretary in form and substance; and (IV) in the event the State does not prepare the study, is prepared by a financial consultant who is selected by the State or the applicant for mortgage insurance and is approved by the Secretary; and (ii) the State complies with the other provisions of this subparagraph that would otherwise be required to be met by a State agency designated in accordance with section 604(a)(1) or section 1521 3 of the Public Health Service Act. The proposed mortgagor may reimburse the State for the cost of the independent feasibility study required in the preceding sentence. In the case of a small intermediate care facility for the mentally retarded or developmentally disabled, or a board and care home housing less than 10 individuals, the State program agency or agencies responsible for licensing, certifying, financing, or monitoring the facility or home may, in lieu of the requirements of clause (i) of the third sentence, provide the Secretary with written support identifying the need for the facility or home.

(B) With respect to board and care homes, the Secretary shall not insure any mortgage under this section unless he has received from the appropriate State licensing agency a statement verifying that the State in which the home is or is to be located is in compliance with the provisions of section 1616(e) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1382e(e)].

(C) With respect to assisted living facilities or any such facility combined with any other home or facility, the Secretary shall not insure any mortgage under this section unless—

(i) the Secretary determines that the level of financing acquired by the mortgagor and any other resources available for the facility will be sufficient to ensure that the facility contains dwelling units and facilities for the provision of supportive services in accordance with subsection (b)(6) of this section;

(ii) the mortgagor provides assurances satisfactory to the Secretary that each dwelling unit in the facility will not be occupied by more than 1 person without the consent of all such occupants; and

(iii) the appropriate State licensing agency for the State, municipality, or other political subdivision in which the facility is or is to be located provides such assurances as the Secretary considers necessary that the facility will comply with any applicable standards and requirements for such facilities.

The Secretary may consent to the release of a part or parts of the mortgaged property or project from the lien of any mortgage insured under this section upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe.

The provisions of subsections (d), (e), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (*l*), and (n) of section 1713 of this title shall apply to mortgages insured under this section and all references therein to section 1713 of this title shall refer to this section.

The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section relating to intermediate care facilities, after consulting with the Secretary of Health and Human Services with respect to any health or medical aspects of the program which may be involved in such regulations.

The Secretary shall also consult with the Secretary of Health and Human Services as to the need for and the availability of intermediate care facilities in any area for which an intermediate care facility is proposed under this section.

(1) The Secretary is authorized upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe to make commitments to insure and to insure loans made by financial institutions or other approved mortgagees to nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and intermediate care facilities or to board and care homes to provide for the purchase and installation of fire safety equipment necessary for compliance with the 1967 edition of the Life Safety Code of the National Fire Protection Association (or any subsequent edition specified by the Secretary of Health and Human Services) or other such codes or requirements approved by the Secretary of Health and Human Services as conditions of participation for providers of services under title XVIII and title XIX of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq., 1396 et seq.] or as mandated by a State under the provisions of section 1616(e) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 1382e(e)].

(2) To be eligible for insurance under this subsection a loan shall—

(A) not exceed the Secretary's estimate of the reasonable cost of the equipment fully installed;

(B) bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee;

(C) have a maturity satisfactory to the Secretary;

(D) be made by a financial institution or other mortgagee approved by the Secretary as eligible for insurance under section 1703 of this title or a mortgagee approved under section 1709(b)(1) of this title;

(E) comply with other such terms, conditions, and restrictions as the Secretary may prescribe; and

(F) in the case of board and care homes, be made with respect to such a home located in a State with respect to which the Secretary has received from the appropriate State licensing agency a statement verifying that the State in which the home is or is to be located is in compliance with the provisions of section 1616(e) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1382e(e)].

(3) The provisions of paragraphs (5), (6), (7), (9), and (10) of section 1715k(h) of this title shall be applicable to loans insured under this subsection, except that all references to “home improvement loans” shall be construed to refer to loans under this subsection.

(4) The provisions of subsections (c), (d), and (h) of section 1703 of this title shall apply to loans insured under this subsection, and for the purpose of this subsection references in such subsections to “this section” or “this title” shall be construed to refer to this subsection.

The Secretary shall establish schedules and deadlines for the processing and approval (or provision of notice of disapproval) of applications for mortgage insurance under this section. The Secretary shall submit a report to the Congress annually describing such schedules and deadlines and the extent of compliance by the Department with the schedules and deadlines during the year.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §232, as added Pub. L. 86–372, title I, §115, Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 663; amended Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §610, June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 180; Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §117, Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 779; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(m), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 505; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 90–448, title III, §314, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 511; Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §111, Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 93–204, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 883; Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §304(g), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 678; Pub. L. 95–128, title III, §308(a), Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1135; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §312, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2099; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §310(f), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1643; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §§404(b)(10), 437, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1209, 1222, 1223; Pub. L. 98–479, title I, §104(a)(1), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2224; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §§410(a), (b), 429(e), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1904, 1918; Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §511(a)–(e), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3784–3786; Pub. L. 105–65, title II, §216, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1367; Pub. L. 105–276, title II, §214(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2486.)

The General Insurance Fund, referred to in subsec. (d)(1), was established by section 1735c of this title.

Section 8211 of title 42, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(B), was omitted from the Code pursuant to section 8229 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, which terminated authority under that section on June 30, 1989.

Section 1521 of the Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(4)(A), is section 1521 of act July 1, 1944, which was classified to section 300m of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to repeal, effective Jan. 1, 1987, by Pub. L. 99–660, title VII, §701(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3799.

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (i)(1), is act Aug. 13, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620, as amended. Titles XVIII and XIX of the Act are classified generally to subchapters XVIII (§1395 et seq.) and XIX (§1396 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

**1998**—Subsec. (b)(4)(B). Pub. L. 105–276 made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 105–65. See 1997 Amendment note below.

**1997**—Subsec. (b)(4)(B). Pub. L. 105–65, as amended by Pub. L. 105–276, substituted “ten years to run beyond the maturity date of the mortgage” for “fifty years to run from the date the mortgage was executed”.

**1992**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–550, §511(a)(1), substituted “any” for “either” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 102–550, §511(a)(2), added par. (3).

Subsec. (b)(6), (7). Pub. L. 102–550, §511(b), added pars. (6) and (7).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–550, §511(c)(1), in introductory provisions, inserted “, assisted living facility,” after “rehabilitated nursing home,”, substituted “any combination of nursing home, assisted living facility, and intermediate care facility” for “combined nursing home and intermediate care facility”, and inserted “, including a new addition to an existing nursing home, assisted living facility, or intermediate care facility and regardless of whether the existing home or facility is being rehabilitated,” after first reference to “intermediate care facility”.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 102–550, §511(c)(2), inserted “or 95 percent of the estimated value of the property or project in the case of a mortgagor that is a private nonprofit corporation or association (under the meaning given such term for purposes of section 1715*l*(d)(3) of this title),” before “including” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 102–550, §511(c)(3), inserted concluding provisions.

Subsec. (d)(4)(C). Pub. L. 102–550, §511(c)(4), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 102–550, §511(d), inserted “, assisted living facilities,” after “nursing homes”.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 102–550, §511(e), added subsec. (j).

**1988**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 100–242, §410(a), inserted “public facility,” before “proprietary”.

Subsec. (b)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 100–242, §429(e)(1), indented as par. (3) former run-in cl. (3) defining “nursing home” and “intermediate care facility”, inserted “the term”, and struck out “and” after semicolon at end, redesignated as par. (4) former par. (3) defining “mortgage”, and redesignated as par. (5) former par. (4).

Subsec. (d)(4)(A). Pub. L. 100–242, §410(b), inserted “If no such State agency exists, or if the State agency exists but is not empowered to provide a certification that there is a need for the home or facility or combined home and facility as required in clause (i) of the first sentence, the Secretary shall not insure any mortgage under this section unless (i) the State in which the home or facility or combined home and facility is located has conducted or commissioned and paid for the preparation of an independent study of market need and feasibility that (I) is prepared in accordance with the principles established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants; (II) assesses, on a marketwide basis, the impact of the proposed home or facility or combined home and facility on, and its relationship to, other health care facilities and services, the percentage of excess beds, demographic projections, alternative health care delivery systems, and the reimbursement structure of the home, facility, or combined home and facility; (III) is addressed to and is acceptable to the Secretary in form and substance; and (IV) in the event the State does not prepare the study, is prepared by a financial consultant who is selected by the State or the applicant for mortgage insurance and is approved by the Secretary; and (ii) the State complies with the other provisions of this subparagraph that would otherwise be required to be met by a State agency designated in accordance with section 291d(a)(1) or section 300m of title 42. The proposed mortgagor may reimburse the State for the cost of the independent feasibility study required in the preceding sentence. In the case of a small intermediate care facility for the mentally retarded or developmentally disabled, or a board and care home housing less than 10 individuals, the State program agency or agencies responsible for licensing, certifying, financing, or monitoring the facility or home may, in lieu of the requirements of clause (i) of the third sentence, provide the Secretary with written support identifying the need for the facility or home.”

Subsec. (i)(2)(B). Pub. L. 100–242, §429(e)(2), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: “bear interest at not to exceed a rate determined by the Secretary to be necessary to meet the loan market”.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–479 inserted reference to board and care homes in section catchline.

**1983**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 98–181, §437(a), inserted “and board and care homes” after “intermediate care facilities”.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 98–181, §437(b), added par. (4).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–181, §437(c)(1), in provisions preceding par. (1) inserted “or a board and care home” after “and intermediate care facility,”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B). Pub. L. 98–181, §404(b)(10), substituted provision that the interest rate be at such a rate as agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee for provision that the interest rate, exclusive of premium charges for insurance, not exceed 5 per centum per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time, or not exceed such per centum per annum not in excess of 6 per centum as the Secretary finds necessary to meet the mortgage market.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 98–181, §437(c)(2), designated existing provision as subpar. (A), substituted “With respect to nursing homes and intermediate care facilities and combined nursing home and intermediate care facilities, the” for “The” and “(i)” and “(ii)” for “(A)” and “(B)”, respectively, and added subpar. (B).

Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 98–181, §437(d), (e), substituted “Health and Human Services” for “Health, Education, and Welfare”.

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 98–181, §437(f)(1), inserted “or to board and care homes” after “intermediate care facilities”, “(or any subsequent edition specified by the Secretary of Health and Human Services)” after “Association”, and “or as mandated by a State under provisions of section 1616(e) of such Act” after “Social Security Act”, and substituted “Health and Human Services” for “Health, Education, and Welfare”.

Subsec. (i)(2)(F). Pub. L. 98–181, §437(f)(2), added subpar. (F).

**1980**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 96–399 revised existing provisions into introductory paragraph and subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B).

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–557, §312(a), inserted “, including additional facilities for the nonresident care of elderly individuals and others who are able to live independently but who require care during the day” after pars. (1) and (2).

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 95–557, §312(b), inserted “(3) a ‘nursing home’ or ‘intermediate care facility’ may include such additional facilities as may be authorized by the Secretary for the nonresident care of elderly individuals and others who are able to live independently but who require care during the day”.

**1977**—Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 95–128 inserted reference to section 300m of title 42.

**1974**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 93–383 struck out “not to exceed $12,500,000, and” after “an amount”.

**1973**—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 93–204 added subsec. (i).

**1969**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–152, §111(1), added to stated purpose of this section of developing nursing homes, the development of intermediate care facilities or the development of such facilities in combination with nursing home facilities.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–152, §111(2), (3), struck out “and” after “is located;” in par. (1), redesignated par. (2) as (3), and added par. (2).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–152, §111(4), inserted provision authorizing the Secretary to insure any mortgage which covers an intermediate care facility or combined nursing home and intermediate care facility.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 91–152, §111(5), substituted “operation of the home or facility or combined home or facility” for “operation of the nursing home”.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 91–152, §111(6), substituted “section 291d(a)(1) of title 42” for “section 291b(a)(1) of title 42”, and made provisions applicable to the insurance of mortgages covering intermediate care facilities or combined nursing home and intermediate care facilities.

Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 91–152, §111(7), added subsecs. (g) and (h).

**1968**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 90–448, §314(1), redefined term “mortgage” to mean a first mortgage on real estate in fee simple, or on the interest of either the lessor or lessee thereof under a lease for not less than ninety-nine years which is renewable, or under a lease having a period of not less than fifty years to run from the date the mortgage was executed, and inserted definition of “first mortgage”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–448, §314(2), (3), authorized the Secretary to insure a mortgage which includes equipment to be used in the operation of a nursing home, and permitted the value of the equipment to be included in the calculation of the 90 per centum of the estimated value.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

**1965**—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(m)(1), substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “section 207 Housing Insurance Fund”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(m)(2), struck out references to subsecs. (f), (m) and (p) of section 1713 of this title.

**1964**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 88–560 inserted “or facility of a private nonprofit corporation or association” after “proprietary facility”.

**1961**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 87–70 substituted “90 per centum” for “75 per centum”.

Pub. L. 105–276, title II, §214(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2486, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be construed to have taken effect on October 27, 1997.”

Section 410(c) of Pub. L. 100–242 provided that: “The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall issue such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the amendments made by this section [amending this section] by not later than the expiration of the 90-day period following the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 5, 1988].”

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of reporting provisions in subsec. (j) of this section, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 105 of House Document No. 103–7.

Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to implement system of mortgage insurance for mortgages insured under this section that delegates processing functions to selected approved mortgagees, with Secretary to retain authority to approve rents, expenses, property appraisals, and mortgage amounts and to execute firm commitments, see section 328 of Pub. L. 101–625, set out as a note under section 1713 of this title.

1 So in original. The word “a” probably should not appear.

3 See References in Text note below.

4 So in original. The “; and” probably should be a period.

(1) In order to assist in lowering housing costs and improving housing standards, quality, livability, or durability or neighborhood design through the utilization of advanced housing technology, or experimental property standards, the Secretary is authorized to insure and to make commitments to insure, under this section, mortgages (including home improvement loans, and including advances on mortgages during construction) secured by properties including dwellings involving the utilization and testing of advanced technology in housing design, materials, or construction, or experimental property standards for neighborhood design if the Secretary determines that (A) the property is an acceptable risk, giving consideration to the need for testing advanced housing technology or experimental property standards, (B) the utilization and testing of the advanced technology or experimental property standards involved will provide data or experience which the Secretary deems to be significant in reducing housing costs or improving housing standards, quality, livability, or durability, or improving neighborhood design, and (C) the mortgages are eligible for insurance under the provisions of this section and under any further terms and conditions which may be prescribed by the Secretary to establish the acceptability of the mortgages for insurance.

(2) The Secretary is further authorized to insure and to make commitments to insure, under this section, mortgages (including advances on mortgages during construction) secured by properties in projects to be carried out in accordance with plans approved by the Secretary under section 1701z of this title.

To be eligible for insurance under this section, a mortgage shall meet the requirements of one of the other sections or subchapters of this chapter; except that, in lieu of determining the appraised value or the replacement cost of the property in cases involving new construction or the estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation or improvement in cases involving existing properties, the Secretary shall estimate the cost of replacing the property using comparable conventional design, materials, and construction, and any limitation upon the maximum mortgage amount available to a nonoccupant owner shall not, in the discretion of the Secretary, be applicable to mortgages insured under this section.

The Secretary may enter into such contracts, agreements, and financial undertakings with the mortgagor and others as he deems necessary or desirable to carry out the purposes of this section, and may expend available funds for such purposes, including the correction (when he determines it necessary to protect the occupants), at any time subsequent to insurance of a mortgage, of defects or failures in the dwellings which the Secretary finds are caused by or related to the advanced housing technology utilized in their design or construction or experimental property standards. Any authority which the Secretary may exercise in connection with a mortgage, or property covered by a mortgage, insured under any other section of this subchapter (including payments to reduce rentals for, or to facilitate homeownership by, lower income families) may be exercised in connection with a mortgage, or property covered by a mortgage, meeting the requirements of such other section (except as specified in subsection (b) of this section), which is insured under this section to the same extent and in the same manner as if the mortgage insured under this section was insured under such other section.

The Secretary may make such investigations and analyses of data, and publish and distribute such reports, as he determines to be necessary or desirable to assure the most beneficial use of the data and information to be acquired as a result of this section.

Any mortgagee or lender under a mortgage insured under subsection (b) of this section shall be entitled to insurance benefits determined in the same manner as such benefits would be determined if such mortgage or loan were insured under the section or subchapter of this chapter for which it otherwise would have been eligible except for the experimental feature of the property involved.

Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (e) of this section, in the case of default on any mortgage insured under this section, the Secretary in his discretion, in accordance with such regulations as he may prescribe, may make payments pursuant to such subsections in cash or in debentures (as provided in the mortgage insurance contract), or may acquire the mortgage loan and the security therefor upon payment to the mortgagee in cash or in debentures (as provided in the mortgage insurance contract) of a total amount equal to the unpaid principal balance of the loan plus any accrued interest and any advances approved by the Secretary made previously by the mortgagee under the provisions of the mortgage. After the acquisition of the mortgage by the Secretary the mortgagee shall have no further rights, liabilities, or obligations with respect to the mortgage. The appropriate provisions of sections 1710 and 1713 of this title relating to the issuance of debentures shall apply with respect to debentures issued under this subsection, and the appropriate provisions of sections 1710 and 1713 of this title relating to the rights, liabilities, and obligations of a mortgagee shall apply with respect to the Secretary when he has acquired an insured mortgage under this subsection, in accordance with and subject to regulations (modifying such provisions to the extent necessary to render their application for such purposes appropriate and effective) which shall be prescribed by the Secretary, except that as applied to mortgages insured under this section (1) all references in section 1710 of this title to the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund or the Fund shall be construed to refer to the General Insurance Fund, and (2) all references in section 1710 of this title to section 1709 of this title shall be construed to refer to this section. If the insurance payment is made in cash, there shall be added to such payment an amount equivalent to the interest which the debentures would have earned, computed to a date to be established pursuant to regulations issued by the Secretary.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §233, as added Pub. L. 87–70, title I, §103, June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 158; amended Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §§105(c)(1), 118, Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 772, 779; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(n), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 505; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 90–448, title I, §108(f), title III, §309, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 496, 509.)

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (b) and (e), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The General Insurance Fund, referred to in subsec. (f), was established by section 1735c of this title.

**1968**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–448, §108(f)(1), designated existing provision as par. (1), redesignated cls. (1), (2), and (3) as cls. (A), (B), and (C), respectively, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–448, §309(1), substituted “one of the other sections or subchapters of this chapter” for “one of the other sections of this subchapter”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–448, §108(f)(2), inserted sentence providing that any authority which the Secretary may exercise in connection with a mortgage, or property covered by a mortgage, insured under any other section of this subchapter (including payments to reduce rentals for, or to facilitate homeownership by, lower income families) may be exercised in connection with a mortgage, or property covered by a mortgage, meeting the requirements of such other section (except as specified in subsec. (b)), which is insured under this section to the same extent and in the same manner as if the mortgage insured under this section was insured under such other section.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 90–448, §309(2), substituted “the section or subchapter of this chapter” for “the section of this subchapter”.

**1967**—Subsecs. (a) to (d), (f). Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

**1965**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(n)(1), (2), substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “Experimental Housing Insurance Fund” and struck out provision that all references in section 1713 of this title to the Housing Insurance Fund, the Housing Fund, or the Fund shall be construed to refer to the Experimental Housing Insurance Fund.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(n)(3), repealed subsec. (g) which created the Experimental Housing Insurance Fund, provided for transfer of funds thereto, and authorized the charging of expenses thereto.

**1964**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 88–560, §118(a), substituted “home improvement loans, and including advances on mortgages” for “, in the case of mortgages insured under subsection (b)(2) of this section, advances on such mortgages”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–560, §118(b), substituted provisions which make insurance available for mortgages meeting the requirements of any other sections of subchapter II of this chapter for provisions which made insurance available for mortgages meeting the requirements of section 1709(b) or 1713(b), (c) of this title and made the Commissioner's estimate of replacement cost of the property applicable to mortgages meeting the requirements of any section of subchapter II of this chapter in lieu of determining the appraised value or the replacement cost of the property in new construction or estimated cost of repair and rehabilitation or improvement for existing properties.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 88–560, §118(c), substituted provision for entitlement to insurance benefits determined in the same manner as such benefits would be determined if such mortgage or loan were insured under the section of this subchapter for which it otherwise would have been eligible except for the experimental feature of the property involved for former provision for entitlement to insurance benefits provided in section 1710(a) of this title.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 88–560, §§105(c)(1), 118(c), (d), added to subsec. (g), redesignated (f), provision that “If the insurance payment is made in cash, there shall be added to such payment an amount equivalent to the interest which the debentures would have earned, computed to a date to be established pursuant to regulations issued by the Commissioner”, deleted former provisions of subsec. (f) which related to entitlement to insurance benefits provided in section 1713(g) of this title, now covered by subsec. (e) of this section, and redesignated former subsec. (g) as (f), substituting in first sentence “subsection (e)” for “subsections (e) and (f)”, respectively.

Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 88–560, §118(d), redesignated subsec. (h) as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (f).

The purpose of this section is to provide an additional means of increasing the supply of privately owned dwelling units where, under the laws of the State in which the property is located, real property title and ownership are established with respect to a one-family unit which is part of a multifamily project.

The terms “mortgage”, “mortgagee”, “mortgagor”, “maturity date”, and “State” shall have the meanings respectively set forth in section 1707 of this title, except that the term “mortgage” for the purposes of subsection (c) of this section may include a first mortgage given to secure the unpaid purchase price of a fee interest in, or a long-term leasehold interest in, a one-family unit in a multifamily project, including a project in which the dwelling units are attached, semi-attached, or detached, and an undivided interest in the common areas and facilities which serve the project where the mortgage is determined by the Secretary to be eligible for insurance under this section. The term “common areas and facilities” as used in this section shall be deemed to include the land and such commercial, community, and other facilities as are approved by the Secretary.

The Secretary is authorized, in his discretion and under such terms and conditions as he may prescribe (including the minimum number of family units in the project which shall be offered for sale and provisions for the protection of the consumer and the public interest), to insure any mortgage covering a one-family unit in a multifamily project and an undivided interest in the common areas and facilities which serve the project, if (1) the mortgage meets the requirements of this subsection and of section 1709(b) of this title, except as that section is modified by this subsection, (2) at least 80 percent of the units in the project covered by mortgages insured under this subchapter are occupied by the mortgagors or comortgagors, and (3) the project has a blanket mortgage insured by the Secretary under subsection (d). Any project proposed to be constructed or rehabilitated after June 30, 1961, with the assistance of mortgage insurance under this chapter, where the sale of family units is to be assisted with mortgage insurance under this subsection, shall be subject to such requirements as the Secretary may prescribe. To be eligible for insurance pursuant to this subsection, a mortgage shall (A) involve a principal obligation in an amount not to exceed the maximum principal obligation of a mortgage which may be insured in the area pursuant to section 1709(b)(2) of this title or pursuant to section 1709(h) of this title under the conditions described in section 1709(h) of this title, and (B) have a maturity satisfactory to the Secretary, but not to exceed, in any event, thirty-five years from the date of the beginning of amortization of the mortgage. The mortgage shall contain such provisions as the Secretary determines to be necessary for the maintenance of common areas and facilities and the multifamily project. The mortgagor shall have exclusive right to the use of the one-family unit covered by the mortgage and, together with the owners of other units in the multifamily project, shall have the right to the use of the common areas and facilities serving the project and the obligation of maintaining all such common areas and facilities. The Secretary may require that the rights and obligations of the mortgagor and the owners of other dwelling units in the project shall be subject to such controls as he determines to be necessary and feasible to promote and protect individual owners, the multifamily project, and its occupants. For the purposes of this subsection, the Secretary is authorized in his discretion and under such terms and conditions as he may prescribe to permit one-family units and interests in common areas and facilities in multifamily projects covered by mortgages insured under any section of this chapter (other than section 1715e(a)(1) and (2) of this title) to be released from the liens of those mortgages.

In addition to individual mortgages insured under subsection (c) of this section, the Secretary is authorized, in his discretion and under such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, to insure blanket mortgages (including advances on such mortgages during construction) which cover multifamily projects to be constructed or rehabilitated in cases where the mortgage is held by a mortgagor, approved by the Secretary, which—

(1) has certified to the Secretary, as a condition of obtaining the insurance of a blanket mortgage under this subsection, that upon completion of the multifamily project covered by such mortgage it intends to commit the ownership of the multifamily project to a plan of family unit ownership under which each family unit would be eligible for individual mortgage insurance under subsection (c) of this section and will faithfully and diligently make and carry out all reasonable efforts to establish such plan of family unit ownership and to sell such family units to purchasers approved by the Secretary; and

(2) may, in the Secretary's discretion, be regulated or restricted as to rents, charges, capital structure, rate of return, and methods of operation until the termination of all obligations of the Secretary under the insurance and during such further period of time as the Secretary shall be the owner, holder or reinsurer of the mortgage. The Secretary may make such contracts with and acquire for not to exceed $100 such stock or interest in such mortgagor as he may deem necessary to render effective any such regulation or restriction of such mortgagor. The stock or interest acquired by the Secretary shall be paid for out of the General Insurance Fund, and shall be redeemed by the mortgagor at par at any time upon the request of the Secretary after the termination of all obligations of the Secretary under the insurance.

To be eligible for insurance, a blanket mortgage on any multifamily project of a mortgagor of the character described in subsection (d) of this section shall involve a principal obligation in an amount—

(1) Repealed. Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §304(h), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 678;

(2) not to exceed 90 per centum of the amount which the Secretary estimates will be the replacement cost of the project when the proposed physical improvements are completed;

(3)(A) not to exceed, for such part of the project as may be attributable to dwelling use (excluding exterior land improvements as defined by the Secretary), $42,048 per family unit without a bedroom, $48,481 per family unit with one bedroom, $58,469 per family unit with two bedrooms, $74,840 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $83,375 per family unit with four or more bedrooms; except that as to projects to consist of elevator-type structures the Secretary may, in his discretion, increase the dollar amount limitations per family unit to not to exceed $44,250 per family unit without a bedroom, $50,724 per family unit with one bedroom, $61,680 per family unit with two bedrooms, $79,793 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $87,588 per family unit with four or more bedrooms, as the case may be, to compensate for the higher costs incident to the construction of elevator-type structures of sound standards of construction and design; (B) the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the dollar limitations in subparagraph (A) (as such limitations may have been adjusted in accordance with section 1712a of this title) by not to exceed 170 percent in any geographical area where the Secretary finds that cost levels so require and by not to exceed 170 percent, or 215 percent in high cost areas, where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project-by-project basis, but in no case may any such increase exceed 90 percent where the Secretary determines that a mortgage purchased or to be purchased by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions under section 1720 1 of this title (as such section existed immediately before November 30, 1983) is involved; and

(4) not to exceed an amount equal to the sum of the unit mortgage amounts determined under the provisions of subsection (c) of this section assuming the mortgagor to be the owner and occupant of each family unit.

Any blanket mortgage insured under subsection (d) of this section shall provide for complete amortization by periodic payments within such terms as the Secretary may prescribe but not to exceed 40 years from the beginning of amortization of the mortgage, and shall bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee. The Secretary may consent to the release of a part or parts of the mortgaged property from the lien of the blanket mortgage upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe and the blanket mortgage may provide for such release. The project covered by the blanket mortgage may include four or more family units and such commercial and community facilities as the Secretary deems adequate to serve the occupants.

Any mortgagee under a mortgage insured under subsection (c) of this section is entitled to receive the benefits of the insurance as provided in section 1710(a) of this title with respect to mortgages insured under section 1709 of this title, and the provisions of subsections (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h),1 (j), and (k) 1 of section 1710 of this title shall be applicable to the mortgages insured under subsection (c) of this section.

The provisions of subsections (d), (e), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (*l*), and (n) of section 1713 of this title shall be applicable to mortgages insured under subsection (d) of this section.

The provisions of sections 1715p and 1715u of this title shall be applicable to the mortgages insured under subsection (c) of this section.

The Secretary may further increase the dollar amount limitations which would otherwise apply under subsection (e) of this section by not to exceed 20 per centum if such increase is necessary to account for the increased cost of a project due to the installation therein of a solar energy system (as defined in subparagraph (3) of the last paragraph of section 1703(a) of this title) or residential energy conservation measures (as defined in section 8211(11)(A) through (G) and (I) of title 42) 1 in cases where the Secretary determines that such measures are in addition to those required under the minimum property standards and will be cost-effective over the life of the measure.

With respect to a unit in any project which was converted from rental housing, no insurance may be provided under this section unless (1) the conversion occurred more than one year prior to the application for insurance, (2) the mortgagor or comortgagor was a tenant of that rental housing, (3) the conversion of the property is sponsored by a bona fide tenants organization representing a majority of the households in the project, or (4) before April 20, 1984 (A) application was made to the Secretary for a commitment to insure a mortgage covering any unit in the project, (B) in the case of direct endorsement, the mortgagee received the case number assigned by the Secretary for any unit in the project, or (C) application was made for approval of the project for guarantee, insurance, or direct loan under chapter 37 of title 38.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §234, as added Pub. L. 87–70, title I, §104, June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 160; amended Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §119(a), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 780; Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §207(f), title XI, §1108(*o*), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 468, 506; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (4), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 90–301, §3(e), May 7, 1968, 82 Stat. 114; Pub. L. 90–448, title III, §303, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 507; Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §§102(d), 113(h), Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 380, 384; Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §§302(e), 303(g), 304(h), 310(d), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 676–678, 683; Pub. L. 94–173, §3, Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 1027; Pub. L. 94–375, §8(a), (b)(7), Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1071, 1072; Pub. L. 95–128, title III, §§303(e), 304(d), Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1132, 1133; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §313, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2099; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §§312(c), 314, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1116, 1117; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §§310(g), 318, 333(e), 336(d), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1643, 1646, 1653, 1654; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §§339(a), 339B(a), (d), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 416, 417; Pub. L. 97–253, title II, §201(e), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 789; Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §101(g), Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1908; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §§404(b)(11), 420, 423(b)(4), 431(b), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1209, 1213, 1217, 1220; Pub. L. 98–479, title I, §104(a)(2), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2224; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §§406(b)(17), 422(a), 426(g), (h), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1901, 1914, 1916; Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §509(g), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3783; Pub. L. 103–211, title I, Feb. 12, 1994, 108 Stat. 12; Pub. L. 103–233, title III, §306, Apr. 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 373; Pub. L. 105–18, title II, §10005, June 12, 1997, 111 Stat. 201; Pub. L. 107–73, title II, §213(g), Nov. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 677; Pub. L. 107–326, §5(b)(7), Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2796; Pub. L. 108–186, title III, §302(b), Dec. 16, 2003, 117 Stat. 2692; Pub. L. 110–161, div. K, title II, §221(1), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2436; Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2117(a), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2832.)

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (c), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The General Insurance Fund, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), was established by section 1735c of this title.

Section 1720 of this title, referred to in subsec. (e)(3)(B), was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §483(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1240.

Subsection (h) of section 1710 of this title, referred to in subsec. (g), was redesignated subsec. (i) by Pub. L. 105–276, title VI, §602(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2674.

Subsection (k) of section 1710 of this title, referred to in subsec. (g), was repealed by Pub. L. 105–276, title VI, §601(c), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2673.

Section 8211 of title 42, referred to in subsec. (j), was omitted from the Code pursuant to section 8229 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, which terminated authority under that section on June 30, 1989.

**2008**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–289, §2117(a)(1), in first sentence, struck out “and” before “(2)” and inserted “, and (3) the project has a blanket mortgage insured by the Secretary under subsection (d)” before period at end.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 110–289, §2117(a)(2), struck out “, except that (1) all references in section 1710 of this title to the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund or the Fund shall be construed to refer to the General Insurance Fund, (2) all references therein to section 1709 of this title shall be construed to refer to subsection (c) of this section, and (3) the excess remaining, referred to in section 1710(f)(1) of this title, shall be retained by the Secretary and credited to the General Insurance Fund” before period at end.

**2007**—Subsec. (e)(3)(B). Pub. L. 110–161 substituted “170 percent” for “140 percent” after “not to exceed” in two places and “215 percent in high cost areas” for “170 percent in high cost areas”.

**2003**—Subsec. (e)(3)(B). Pub. L. 108–186 substituted “140 percent in” for “110 percent in” and inserted “, or 170 percent in high cost areas,” after “and by not to exceed 140 percent”.

**2002**—Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 107–326 inserted “(A)” after “(3)” and substituted “$42,048” for “$38,025”, “$48,481” for “$42,120”, “$58,469” for “$50,310”, “$74,840” for ‘$62,010”, “$83,375” for “$70,200”, “$44,250” for “$43,875”, “$50,724” for “$49,140”, “$61,680” for “$60,255”, “$79,793” for “$75,465”, “$87,588” for “$85,328”, and “; (B) the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the dollar limitations in subparagraph (A) (as such limitations may have been adjusted in accordance with section 1712a of this title)” for “; except that each of the foregoing dollar amounts is increased to the amount established for a comparable unit in section 1715*l*(d)(3)(ii) of this title; and except that the Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the foregoing dollar amount limitations contained in this paragraph”.

**2001**—Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 107–73 substituted “$38,025”, “$42,120”, “$50,310”, “$62,010”, and “$70,200” for “$30,420”, “$33,696”, “$40,248”, “$49,608”, and “$56,160”, respectively, and “$43,875”, “$49,140”, “$60,255”, “$75,465”, and “$85,328” for “$35,100”, “$39,312”, “$48,204”, “$60,372”, and “$68,262”, respectively.

**1997**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–18 inserted “or pursuant to section 1709(h) of this title under the conditions described in section 1709(h) of this title” after “section 1709(b)(2) of this title”.

**1994**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–211, effective for 18-month period following Feb. 12, 1994, for eligible persons, inserted “or pursuant to section 1709(h) of this title under the conditions described in section 1709(h) of this title” after “section 1709(b)(2) of this title”. See Applicability of 1994 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 103–233 substituted “$56,160” for “$59,160”.

**1992**—Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 102–550 substituted “$30,420”, “$33,696”, “$40,248”, “$49,608”, and “$59,160” for “$25,350”, “$28,080”, “$33,540”, “$41,340”, and “$46,800”, respectively, and “$35,100”, “$39,312”, “$48,204”, “$60,372”, and “$68,262” for “$29,250”, “$32,760”, “$40,170”, “$50,310”, and “$56,885”, respectively.

**1988**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–242, §406(b)(17), struck out fourth sentence which read as follows: “In determining the amount of a mortgage in the case of a nonoccupant mortgagor the reference to paragraph (2) of section 1709(b) of this title in section 1709(b)(8) of this title shall be construed to refer to the preceding sentence in this subsection.”

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 100–242, §426(g), substituted “$25,350”, “$28,080”, “$33,540”, “$41,340”, and “$46,800” for “$19,500”, “$21,600”, “$25,800”, “$31,800”, and “$36,000”, respectively, and “$29,250”, “$32,760”, “$40,170”, “$50,310”, and “$56,885” for “$22,500”, “$25,200”, “$30,900”, “$38,700”, and “$43,758”, respectively.

Pub. L. 100–242, §422(a), inserted “except that each of the foregoing dollar amounts is increased to the amount established for a comparable unit in section 1715*l*(d)(3)(ii) of this title;” after “design;”.

Pub. L. 100–242, §426(h), substituted “not to exceed 110 percent in any geographical area where the Secretary finds that cost levels so require and by not to exceed 140 percent where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project-by-project basis, but in no case may any such increase exceed 90 percent where the Secretary determines that a mortgage purchased or to be purchased by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions under section 1720 of this title (as such section existed immediately before November 30, 1983) is involved” for “not to exceed 75 per centum in any geographical area where he finds that cost levels so require, except that, where the Secretary determines it necessary on a project by project basis, the foregoing dollar amount limitations contained in this paragraph may be exceeded by not to exceed 90 per centum (by not to exceed 140 per centum where the Secretary determines that a mortgage other than one purchased or to be purchased under section 1720 of this title by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions is involved) in such an area”.

**1984**—Subsec. (k)(4). Pub. L. 98–479 added cl. (4).

**1983**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–181, §423(b)(4), purported to amend cl. (A) of third sentence of subsec. (c) by striking out “: *Provided*, That the foregoing maximum mortgage amounts may be increased by the amount of the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured”, but this provision had been previously struck out by section 420(b) of Pub. L. 98–181. See second par. below and Effective Date of 1983 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 98–181, §420(a), in cl. (2) substituted provision that at least 80 percent of the units in the project covered by mortgages insured under this subchapter be occupied by mortgagors or comortgagors for provision that the project be covered by a mortgage insured under any section of this chapter, except section 1715e(a)(1) and (2) of this title, notwithstanding any requirements in such section that the project be constructed or rehabilitated for providing rental housing and providing that a one-family unit in a multifamily project involving eleven or less units, or twelve or more in the case of a multifamily project the construction of which was completed more than a year prior to application for mortgage insurance, be eligible for insurance without having been covered by a project mortgage, and struck out cl. (3), which provided that the mortgagor is acquiring, or has acquired, a family unit covered by a mortgage insured under this subsection for his own use and occupancy and will not own more than four one-family units covered by mortgages insured under this subsection.

Pub. L. 98–181, §420(b), substituted in third sentence “(A) involve a principal obligation in an amount not to exceed the maximum principal obligation of a mortgage which may be insured in the area pursuant to section 1709(b)(2) of this title” for “(A) involve a principal obligation in an amount not to exceed $67,500, except that the Secretary may increase such maximum dollar amount on an area-by-area basis to the extent the Secretary deems necessary, after taking into consideration the extent to which moderate and middle income persons have limited housing opportunities in the area due to high prevailing housing sales prices, but in no case may such limit, as so increased, exceed the lesser of 111 per centum of such amount or 95 per centum of the median one-family house price in the area, as determined by the Secretary: *Provided*, That the foregoing maximum mortgage amounts may be increased by the amount of the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured; and not to exceed the sum of (i) 97 per centum (100 per centum if the mortgagor is a veteran as defined under section 1709(b)(2) of this title) of $25,000 of the appraised value of the property as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance and (ii) 95 per centum of such value in excess of $25,000”.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 98–181, §431(b), substituted “may, in the Secretary's discretion, be regulated or restricted” for “shall be regulated or restricted by the Secretary”, and substituted “any such regulation or restriction” for “the regulation and restriction”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–181, §404(b)(11), substituted provision that the interest rate for the mortgage be such a rate as agreed upon by the mortgagor and mortgagee for provision that the rate of interest, exclusive of premium charges for insurance, not exceed 5¼ per centum per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time, or not exceed such per centum per annum not in excess of 6 per centum per annum as the Secretary finds necessary to meet the mortgage market.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 98–181, §420(c), added subsec. (k).

**1982**—Subsec. (c)(A). Pub. L. 97–253 inserted provision that the foregoing maximum mortgage amounts may be increased by the amount of the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured.

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 97–377 inserted “(by not to exceed 140 per centum where the Secretary determines that a mortgage other than one purchased or to be purchased under section 1720 of this title by the Government National Mortgage Association in implementing its special assistance functions is involved)” after “90 per centum”.

**1981**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–35, §339(a), inserted reference to projects in which the dwelling units are attached, semi-attached, or detached.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 97–35, §339B(d)(1), reenacted provisions relating to covered projects in material preceding proviso in cl. (2). Section 339B(d)(2) of Pub. L. 97–35 repealed section 318 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1980, which previously enacted these provisions. See Repeals note set out below.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 97–35, §339B(a), inserted “therein” after “installation” and struck out “therein” after “measure”.

**1980**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–399, §§318, 333(e), 336(d), inserted provisions relating to projects approved under chapter 37 of title 38, and provisions relating to increases in the maximum dollar amounts on an area-by-area basis, and struck out applicability to determinations of three-quarters of the Secretary's estimate of the remaining economic life of the building improvements, if so determined as the lesser amount in the computations.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 96–399, §310(g), added subsec. (j).

**1979**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–153, §312(c), substituted “$67,500” for “$60,000”.

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 96–153, §314, substituted “75 per centum” for “50 per centum” and inserted exception that the dollar amount limitations may be exceeded not to exceed 90 per centum where the Secretary determines it to be necessary.

**1978**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–557 inserted “or twelve or more units in the case of a multifamily project the construction of which was completed more than a year prior to the application for mortgage insurance” after “less units” in cl. (2) and “(100 per centum if the mortgagor is a veteran as defined under section 1709(b)(2) of this title)” after “97 per centum” in cl. (A)(i).

**1977**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–128 substituted in cl. (A) “$60,000” for “$45,000” and “and (ii) 95 per centum of such value in excess of $25,000,” for “(ii) 90 per centum of such value in excess of $25,000 but not in excess of $35,000, (iii) 80 per centum of such value in excess of $35,000”.

**1976**—Subsec. (e) (3). Pub. L. 94–375 substituted “50 per centum in any geographical area” for “75 per centum in any geographical area”, “$19,500” for “$13,000”, “$21,600” for “$18,000”, “$25,800” for “$21,500”, “$31,800” for “$26,500”, “$36,000” for “$30,000”, “$22,500” for “$15,000”, “$25,200” for “$21,000”, “$30,900” for “$25,750”, “$38,700” for “$32,250”, and “$43,758” for “$36,465”.

**1975**—Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 94–173 raised from 45 per centum to 75 per centum the amount by which any dollar limitation may, by regulation, be increased.

**1974**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–383, §§302(e), 310(d), substituted “$45,000” for “$33,000” in cl. (A), “$25,000” for “$15,000” in cl. (A)(i), “$25,000” for “$15,000” and “$35,000” for “$25,000” in cl. (A)(ii), and “$35,000” for “$25,000” and “80” for “75” in cl. (A)(iii).

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 93–383, §304(h), struck out par. (1) which set forth limitations on principal obligations of mortgages.

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 93–383, §303(g), substituted “$13,000” for “$9,900”, “$15,000” for “$11,550”, “$18,000” for “$13,750”, “$21,000” for “$16,500”, “$21,500” for “$16,500”, “$25,750” for “$19,800, “$26,500” for “$20,350”, “$30,000” for “$23,100”, “$32,250” for “$25,750”, and “$36,465” for “$28,050”.

**1969**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–152, §§102(d), 113(h)(1), substituted “$25,000” for “$20,000” wherever appearing, and “$33,000” for “$30,000”.

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 91–152, §113(h)(2), (3), substituted “$9,900” for “$9,000”, “$11,550” for “$10,500”, “$13,750” for “$12,500”, “$16,500” for “$15,000” wherever appearing, “$19,800” for “$18,000”, “$20,350” for “$18,500”, “$23,100” for “$21,000”, “$24,750” for “$22,500”, and “$28,050” for “$25,500”.

**1968**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–448, §303(a), (b), made one-family units in multifamily projects involving eleven or less units eligible for insurance without having been covered by a project mortgage, and increased the maximum mortgage limits from 75 to 80 per centum of the appraised value of the property in excess of $20,000.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 90–448, §303(c), permitted blanket mortgages to cover four or more family units instead of five or more family units.

Pub. L. 90–301 limited the interest rate on mortgages to such per centum per annum not in excess of 6 per centum as the Secretary finds necessary to meet the mortgage market.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (b) to (d), (d)(1), (2), (e)(2), (3), (f), and (g).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(4), substituted “Secretary's” for “Commissioner's”.

**1965**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(*o*)(1), substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “Apartment Unit Insurance Fund”.

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 89–117, §207(f), substituted “$18,500 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $21,000 per family unit with four or more bedrooms” for “and $18,500 per family unit with three or more bedrooms” and “22,500 per family unit with three bedrooms, and $25,500 per family unit with four or more bedrooms” for “and $22,500 per family unit with three or more bedrooms”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(*o*)(1), (2), substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “Apartment Unit Insurance Fund”.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(*o*)(2), struck out reference to subsec. (m) and (p) of section 1713 of this title and provision that references therein to the Housing Insurance Fund or Housing Fund shall be construed to refer to the Apartment Unit Insurance Fund.

Subsecs. (i), (j). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(*o*)(3), redesignated subsec. (j) as (i) and repealed former subsec. (i), which created the Apartment Unit Insurance Fund, authorized transfer of funds thereto, and provided for the charging of expenses thereto.

**1964**—Pub. L. 88–560, §119(a)(1), substituted “Mortgage insurance for condominiums” for “Mortgage insurance for individually owned units in multifamily structures” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 88–560, §119(a)(2), substituted “project” for “structure”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–560, §119(a)(2), (3), substituted “project” for “structure” in two places and “the term ‘mortgage’ for the purposes of subsection (c) of this section” for “the term ‘mortgage’ for the purposes of this section”, respectively.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 88–560, §119(a)(2), (4) to (6), amended provisions as follows.

Section 119(a)(2) substituted “project” for “structure”, wherever appearing, and “projects” for “structures” in last sentence;

Section 119(a)(4) substituted “this subsection” for “this section”, wherever appearing, and “under any section” for “under another section” in first sentence;

Section 119(a)(5) substituted “section 1715e(a)(1) and (2)” for “section 1715e”, in two places; and

Section 119(a)(6) substituted in third sentence: in cl. (A), “amount not to exceed $30,000” for “amount not to exceed the limits per room and per family dwelling unit provided by section 1713(c)(3) of this title”; in cl. (A)(i), “$15,000” for “$13,500”; in cl. (A)(ii), “$15,000” and “$20,000” for “$13,500” and “$18,000”, respectively; in cl. (A)(iii), “75 per centum” and “$20,000” for “70 per centum” and “$18,000”, respectively; and in cl. (B), “thirty-five” for “thirty” years.

Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 88–560, §119(a)(7), added subsecs. (d) to (f). Former subsecs. (d) to (f) renumbered subsecs. (g), (i), (j).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 88–560, §119(a)(7), (8), redesignated former subsec. (d) as (g) and substituted “subsection (c) of this section” for “this section” in three places, respectively.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 88–560, §119(a)(9), added subsec. (h).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 88–560, §119(a)(7), redesignated former subsec. (e) as (i).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 88–560, §119(a)(7), (10), redesignated former subsec. (f) as (j), struck out reference to section 1715t of this title, and substituted “subsection (c) of this section” for “this section”.

Eligibility for loans made under authority granted by amendment by Pub. L. 103–211 limited to persons whose principal residence was damaged or destroyed as a result of the January 1994 earthquake in Southern California, with such amendment effective only for 18-month period following Feb. 12, 1994, see provision of title I of Pub. L. 103–211, set out as a note under section 1709 of this title.

Amendment by section 406(b)(17) of Pub. L. 100–242 applicable only with respect to mortgages insured pursuant to conditional commitment issued on or after Feb. 5, 1988, or in accordance with direct endorsement program (24 CFR 200.163), if approved underwriter of mortgagee signs appraisal report for property on or after Feb. 5, 1988, see section 406(d) of Pub. L. 100–242, set out as a note under section 1709 of this title.

Amendment by section 431(b) of Pub. L. 98–181 not to apply with respect to mortgages insured by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development before Nov. 30, 1983, see section 431(c) of Pub. L. 98–181, set out as a note under section 1713 of this title.

For effective date of amendment by section 423(b)(4) of Pub. L. 98–181, see section 423(c) of Pub. L. 98–181, set out as a note under section 1709 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

The directory language of, but not the amendment made by, Pub. L. 90–301, §3(e), May 7, 1968, 82 Stat. 114, cited as a credit to this section, was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §404(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1208.

Section 318 of Pub. L. 96–399, cited as a credit to this section, was repealed by Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §339B(d)(2), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 417. See 1981 Amendments note for subsec. (c)(2) set out above.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–253 to be implemented only if Secretary determines that program of advance payment of insurance premiums, considering effect of said amendment, is actuarially sound, see section 201(g) of Pub. L. 97–253, set out as a note under section 1709 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

(1) For the purpose of assisting lower income families in acquiring homeownership or in acquiring membership in a cooperative association operating a housing project, the Secretary is authorized to make, and to contract to make, periodic assistance payments on behalf of such homeowners and cooperative members. The assistance shall be accomplished through payments to mortgagees holding mortgages meeting the special requirements specified in this section or which mortgages are assisted under a State or local program providing assistance through loans, loan insurance or tax abatement. In making such assistance available, the Secretary shall give preference to low-income families who, without such assistance, would be likely to be involuntarily displaced (including those who would be likely to be displaced from rental units which are to be converted into a condominium project or a cooperative project). Such assistance may include the acquisition of a condominium or a membership in a cooperative association.

(2)(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the Secretary is authorized to make periodic assistance payments under this section on behalf of families whose incomes do not exceed the maximum income limits prescribed pursuant to subsection (h)(2) of this section for the purpose of assisting such families in acquiring ownership of a manufactured home consisting of two or more modules and a lot on which such manufactured home is or will be situated, except that periodic assistance payments pursuant to this paragraph shall not be made with respect to more than 20 per centum of the total number of units with respect to which assistance is approved under this section after January 1, 1976. Assistance payments under this section pursuant to this paragraph shall be accomplished through payments on behalf of an owner of lower-income of a manufactured home as described in the preceding sentence to the financial institution which makes the loan, advance of credit, or purchase of an obligation representing the loan or advance of credit to finance the purchase of the manufactured home and the lot on which such manufactured home is or will be situated, but only if insurance under section 1703 of this title covering such loan, advance of credit, or obligation has been granted to such institution.

(B) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (c) of this section, assistance payments provided pursuant to this paragraph shall be in an amount not exceeding the lesser of—

(i) the balance of the monthly payment for principal, interest, real and personal property taxes, insurance, and insurance premium chargeable under section 1703 of this title due under the loan or advance of credit remaining unpaid after applying 20 per centum of the manufactured homeowner's income; or

(ii) the difference between the amount of the monthly payment for principal, interest, and insurance premium chargeable under section 1703 of this title which the manufactured homeowner is obligated to pay under the loan or advance of credit and the monthly payment of principal and interest which the owner would be obligated to pay if the loan or advance of credit were to bear interest at a rate derived by subtracting from the interest rate applicable to such loan or advance of credit the interest rate differential between the maximum interest rate plus mortgage insurance premium applicable to mortgages insured under subsection (i) of this section at the time such loan or advance of credit is made and the interest rate which such mortgages are presumed, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, to bear for purposes of subsection (c)(2) of this section.

To qualify for assistance payments, the homeowner or the cooperative member shall be of lower income and satisfy eligibility requirements prescribed by the Secretary, and—

(1) the homeowner shall be a mortgagor under a mortgage which meets the requirements of and is insured under subsection (i) or (j)(4) of this section: *Provided*, That a mortgage meeting the requirements of subsection (i)(3)(A) of this section but insured under section 1715z–2 of this title may qualify for assistance payments if such mortgage was executed by a mortgagor who is determined not to be an acceptable credit risk for mortgage insurance purposes (but otherwise eligible) under subsection (j)(4) of this section or under section 1715*l*(d)(2) or 1715y(c) of this title and accepted as a reasonably satisfactory credit risk under section 1715z–2 1 of this title; or

(2) the cooperative association of which the family is a member shall operate (A) a housing project the construction or substantial rehabilitation of which has been financed with a mortgage insured under section 1715e or section 1715*l*(d)(3) of this title and which has been completed within two years prior to the filing of the application for assistance payments and the dwelling unit has had no previous occupant other than the family: *Provided*, That if any cooperative member who has received assistance payments transfers his membership and occupancy rights to another person who satisfies the eligibility requirements prescribed by the Secretary and undertakes the obligation to pay occupancy charges, the new cooperative member may qualify for assistance payments upon the filing of an application with respect to the dwelling unit involved to be occupied by him: *Provided further*, That assistance payments may be made with respect to a dwelling unit in an existing cooperative project which meets such standards as the Secretary may prescribe, if the family qualifies as a displaced family as defined in section 1715*l*(f) of this title, or a family which includes five or more minor persons, or a family occupying low-rent public housing: *Provided further*, That the amount of the mortgage attributable to the dwelling unit shall involve a principal obligation not in excess of $40,000 ($47,500 in any geographical area where the Secretary authorizes an increase on the basis of a finding that costs levels so require), except that with respect to any family with five or more persons the foregoing limits shall be $47,500 and $55,000, respectively; or (B) a housing project which is financed under a State or local program providing assistance through loans, loan insurance, or tax abatements, and which prior to completion of construction or rehabilitation is approved for receiving the benefits of this section.

(1) Subject to the second sentence of this paragraph, the assistance payments to a mortgagee by the Secretary on behalf of a mortgagor shall be made during such time as the mortgagor shall continue to occupy the property which secures the mortgage: *Provided*, That assistance payments may be made on behalf of a homeowner who assumes a mortgage insured under subsection (i) or (j)(4) of this section with respect to which assistance payments have been made on behalf of the previous owner, if the homeowner is approved by the Secretary as eligible for receiving such assistance: *Provided further*, That the Secretary is authorized to continue making such assistance payments where the mortgage has been assigned to the Secretary. Assistance payments pursuant to any new contract, other than a contract in connection with a refinancing under subsection (r) of this section, entered into after September 30, 1983, that utilizes authority approved in appropriation Acts for any fiscal year beginning after such date may not be made for more than a 10-year period. The payment shall be in an amount not exceeding the lesser of—

(A) the balance of the monthly payment for principal, interest, taxes, insurance, and mortgage insurance premium due under the mortgage remaining unpaid after applying 20 per centum of the mortgagor's income; or

(B) the difference between the amount of the monthly payment for principal, interest and mortgage insurance premium which the mortgagor is obligated to pay under the mortgage and the monthly payment for principal and interest which the mortgagor would be obligated to pay if the mortgage were to bear interest at the rate of 1 per centum per annum (4 per centum per annum in the case of a mortgage described in subsection (*o*) of this section).

(2)(A) Upon disposition by the homeowner of any property assisted pursuant to this section or where the homeowner rents such a property (or the owner's unit in the case of a two- to four-family property) for a period longer than one year, the Secretary shall provide for the recapture of an amount equal to the lesser of (i) the amount of assistance actually received under this section, other than any amount provided under subsection (e) of this section, or (ii) an amount equal to at least 50 per centum of the net appreciation of the property, as determined by the Secretary. For the purpose of this paragraph, the term “net appreciation of the property” means any increase in the value of the property over the original purchase price, less the reasonable costs of sale, the reasonable costs of improvements made to the property, and any increase in the mortgage amount as of the time of sale over the original mortgage balance due to the mortgage being insured pursuant to section 1715z–10 1 of this title. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any such assistance shall constitute a debt secured by the property to the extent that the Secretary may provide for such recapture.

(B) Subparagraph (A) does not apply to any property with respect to which there is assumption in accordance with paragraph (1) of this subsection or to any property which is subject to a mortgage, loan, or other advance of credit insured pursuant to subsection (q) of this section.

(3)(A) There hereby is established in the Treasury of the United States a fund, which, to the extent approved in appropriation Acts, may be used by the Secretary for purposes of carrying out subparagraph (B). There shall be deposited into such fund (i) any amount recaptured under paragraph (2); (ii) any authority to make assistance payments under subsection (a) of this section that is committed for use in a contract but is unused because the mortgage, loan, or advance of credit involved is refinanced (except to the extent provided in subsection (r) of this section for mortgages insured under such subsection) or because such assistance payments are terminated or suspended for other reasons before the original termination date of such contract; and (iii) any amount received under subparagraph (C).

(B) In the case of any homeowner whose assistance payments are terminated by reason of the 10-year limitation referred to in paragraph (1), and who is determined by the Secretary to be unable to assume the full payments due under the mortgage, loan, or advance of credit involved, the Secretary shall, to the extent of the availability of amounts in the fund established in subparagraph (A), contract to make, and make, continued assistance payments on behalf of such homeowner. Such continued assistance payments shall be made in an amount determined in accordance with the applicable provisions of paragraph (1) or subsection (a)(2)(B) of this section and for such period as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

(C) Any amounts in such fund determined by the Secretary to be in excess of the amounts currently required to carry out the provisions of subparagraph (B) shall be invested by the Secretary in obligations of, or obligations guaranteed as to both principal and interest by, the United States or any agency of the United States. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, any amounts of budget authority or contract authority recaptured from assistance payments contracts relating to mortgages that are being refinanced that are not required for assistance payments contracts relating to mortgages insured under this subsection, shall be rescinded.

Assistance payments to a mortgagee by the Secretary on behalf of a family holding membership in a cooperative association operating a housing project shall be made only during such time as the family is an occupant of such project and shall be in amounts computed on the basis of the formula set forth in subsection (c) of this section applying the cooperative member's proportionate share of the obligations under the project mortgage to the items specified in the formula.

The Secretary may include in the payment to the mortgagee such amount, in addition to the amount computed under subsection (a)(2)(B), (c), (d), (j)(7), or (r) of this section, as he deems appropriate to reimburse the mortgagee for its expenses in handling the mortgage.

Procedures shall be adopted by the Secretary for recertifications of the mortgagor's (or cooperative member's) income at intervals of two years (or at shorter intervals where the Secretary deems it desirable) for the purpose of adjusting the amount of such assistance payments within the limits of the formula described in subsection (c) of this section.

The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as he deems necessary to assure that the sales price of, or other consideration paid in connection with, the purchase by a homeowner of the property with respect to which assistance payments are to be made is not increased above the appraised value on which the maximum mortgage which the Secretary will insure is computed.

(1) There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section, including such sums as may be necessary to make the assistance payments under contracts entered into under this section. The aggregate amount of outstanding contracts to make such payments shall not exceed amounts approved in appropriation Acts, and payments pursuant to such contracts shall not exceed $75,000,000 per annum prior to July 1, 1969, which maximum dollar amount shall be increased by $125,000,000 on July 1, 1969, by $150,000,000 on July 1, 1970, by $200,000,000 on July 1, 1971, by such sums as may be approved in appropriation Acts after June 30, 1974, and prior to July 1, 1976, and by such sums as may be approved in an appropriation Act on or after October 1, 1983 (from the additional authority to enter into contracts made available on such date under the first sentence of section 1437c(c)(1) of title 42). The aggregate amount that may be obligated over the duration of the contracts entered into with the authority provided on or after October 1, 1983 (other than obligations in connection with mortgages insured under subsection (r) of this section), may not exceed such sums of new budget authority as may be appropriated after November 30, 1983. The Secretary shall begin issuing new commitments and reservations to provide mortgage insurance and assistance payments under this section before the expiration of the 30-day period following the approval in any appropriation Act of budget authority for this section after November 30, 1983. Upon the expiration of one year following August 22, 1974, the Secretary shall not enter into new contracts for assistance payments under this section utilizing authority approved in appropriation Acts prior to July 1, 1974. The Secretary shall not enter into new contracts for assistance payments under this section (except under subsection (r) of this section) after May 20, 1983, utilizing amounts approved in appropriation Acts before November 30, 1983, except (i) pursuant to a firm commitment issued on or before May 20, 1983, (ii) pursuant to other commitments issued by the Secretary prior to June 30, 1981, reserving funds for housing to be assisted under this section where such housing is included in a project pursuant to section 119 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 [42 U.S.C. 5318], or (iii) pursuant to other commitments issued on or before September 30, 1981, where housing under this section is to be developed on land which was municipally owned on September 30, 1981, and where a local government contributes at least $1,000 per unit of funds obtained under title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 [42 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.] and at least $2,000 per unit of additional funds to assist housing under this section. In no event may the Secretary enter into any new contract for assistance payments under this section (other than a contract in connection with a mortgage insured under subsection (r) of this section) after September 30, 1989.

(2) Assistance payments under this section may be made only with respect to a family whose income at the time of initial occupancy does not exceed 95 per centum of the median income for the area, as determined by the Secretary with adjustments for smaller and larger families, except that the Secretary may establish income ceilings higher or lower than 95 per centum of the median for the area on the basis of his findings that such variations are necessary because of prevailing levels of construction costs, unusually high or low median family incomes, or other factors.

(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (b)(2) and (i)(3)(A) of this section with respect to the prior construction or rehabilitation of a dwelling, or of the project in which there is a dwelling unit, for which assistance payments may be made, and notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (j)(1) of this section authorizing the purchase of housing which is neither deteriorating nor substandard, not more than—

(A) 25 per centum of the total amount of contracts for assistance payments authorized by appropriation Acts to be made prior to July 1, 1969, and

(B) 30 per centum of the total additional amount of contracts for assistance payments authorized by appropriation Acts to be made on or after July 1, 1969,

may be made with respect to existing dwellings, or dwelling units in existing projects. The preceding sentence shall not apply to contracts in connection with mortgages insured under subsection (r) of this section.

(4) At least 10 per centum of the total amount of contracts for assistance payments authorized by appropriation Acts to be made after June 30, 1971, shall be available for use only with respect to dwellings, or dwelling units in projects, which are approved by the Secretary prior to substantial rehabilitation.

(1) The Secretary is authorized, upon application by the mortgagee, to insure a mortgage (including advances with respect to property construction or rehabilitation pursuant to a self-help program) executed by a mortgagor who meets the eligibility requirements for assistance payments prescribed by the Secretary under subsection (b) of this section. Commitments for the insurance of such mortgages may be issued by the Secretary prior to the date of their execution or disbursement thereon, upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe.

(2) To be eligible for insurance under this subsection, a mortgage shall meet the requirements of section 1715*l*(d)(2) or 1715y(c) of this title, except as such requirements are modified by this subsection.

(3) A mortgage to be insured under this subsection shall—

(A) involve a single-family or a two-family dwelling which has been approved by the Secretary prior to the beginning of construction or substantial rehabilitation, or a three-family dwelling which is approved by the Secretary prior to the beginning of substantial rehabilitation, or a one-family unit in a condominium project (together with an undivided interest in the common areas and facilities serving the project) which is released from a multi-family project, the construction or substantial rehabilitation of which has been completed within two years prior to the filing of the application for assistance payments with respect to such family unit and the unit has had no previous occupant other than the mortgagor: *Provided*, That the mortgage may involve an existing dwelling or a family unit in an existing condominium project which meets such standards as the Secretary may prescribe: *Provided further*, That the mortgage may involve an existing dwelling or a family unit in an existing condominium project if assistance payments have been made on behalf of the previous owner of the dwelling or family unit with respect to a mortgage insured under subsection (j)(4) of this section: *Provided further*, That the mortgage may involve a dwelling unit in an existing project covered by a mortgage insured under section 1715z–1 of this title or in an existing project receiving the benefits of financial assistance under section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 [12 U.S.C. 1701s];

(B) where it is to cover a one-family unit in a condominium project, have a principal obligation not exceeding $40,000 ($47,500 in any geographical area where the Secretary authorizes an increase on the basis of a finding that cost levels so require), except that with respect to any family with five or more persons the foregoing limits shall be $47,500 and $55,000, respectively;

(C) involve, in the case of a dwelling unit other than a condominium or cooperative unit, a principal obligation (including such initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees as the Secretary shall approve) in an amount not to exceed $40,000 ($47,500 in any geographical area where the Secretary authorizes an increase on the basis of a finding that cost levels so require), except that with respect to any family with five or more persons the foregoing limits shall be $47,500 and $55,000, respectively;

(D) involve, in the case of a two-family or three-family dwelling, a principal obligation (including such initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees as the Secretary shall approve) in an amount not to exceed $60,000 ($66,250 in any geographical area where the Secretary authorizes an increase on the basis of a finding that cost levels so require);

(E) be executed by a mortgagor who shall have paid in cash or its equivalent, on account of the property, at least an amount equal to 3 per centum of the Secretary's estimate of the cost of acquisition (excluding the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured); and

(F) bear interest at a rate not to exceed such percent per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time as the Secretary finds necessary to meet the mortgage market, taking into consideration the yields on mortgages in the primary and secondary markets.

(4) In insuring eligible mortgages under this subsection, the Secretary may not deny insurance on the basis that a mortgage involves a two- to three-family dwelling or is to be used to finance substantial rehabilitation rather than new construction.

(5) As a condition of insuring a mortgage on a two- to three-family dwelling, the Secretary shall require the mortgagor (A) not to discriminate against prospective tenants on the basis of their receipt of or eligibility for housing assistance under any Federal, State or local housing assistance program and (B) to agree that during the term of the mortgage each of the rental units shall be occupied by, or available for occupancy by, persons and families whose incomes do not exceed 100 per centum of the area median income.

(1) In addition to mortgages insured under the provisions of subsection (i) of this section, the Secretary is authorized, upon application by the mortgagee, to insure a mortgage (including advances under such mortgage during rehabilitation) which is executed by a nonprofit organization or public body or agency to finance the purchase of housing, and the rehabilitation of such housing if it is deteriorating or substandard, for subsequent resale to lower income home purchasers who meet the eligibility requirements for assistance payments prescribed by the Secretary under subsection (b) of this section. Commitments for the insurance of such mortgages may be issued by the Secretary prior to the date of their execution or disbursement thereon, upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe.

(2) To be eligible for insurance under paragraph (1) of this subsection, a mortgage shall—

(A) be executed by a private nonprofit organization or public body or agency, approved by the Secretary, for the purpose of financing the purchase (with the intention of subsequent resale), and rehabilitation where the housing involved is deteriorating or substandard, of property comprising one or more tracts or parcels, whether or not contiguous, consisting of (i) four or more single-family dwellings of detached, semidetached, or row construction, or (ii) four or more one-family units in a structure or structures for which a plan of family unit ownership approved by the Secretary is established; except that in a case not involving the rehabilitation of deteriorating or substandard housing the property purchased may consist of one or more such dwellings or units;

(B) be in a principal amount not exceeding the appraised value of the property at the time of its purchase under the mortgage plus the estimated cost of any rehabilitation;

(C) bear interest at a rate not to exceed such percent per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time as the Secretary determines is necessary to meet the mortgage market, taking into consideration the yields on mortgages in the primary and secondary markets;

(D) provide for complete amortization (subject to paragraph (4)(E)) by periodic payments within such term as the Secretary may prescribe; and

(E) provide for the release of individual single-family dwellings from the lien of the mortgage upon their sale in accordance with paragraph (4).

(3) No mortgage shall be insured under paragraph (1) unless the mortgagor shall have demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Secretary that (A) the property involved is located in a neighborhood which is sufficiently stable and contains sufficient public facilities and amenities to support long-term values, or (B) the purchase or rehabilitation of such property plus the mortgagor's related activities and the activities of other owners of housing in the neighborhood, together with actions to be taken by public authorities, will be of such scope and quality as to give reasonable promise that a stable environment will be created in the neighborhood.

(4)(A) No mortgage shall be insured under paragraph (1) unless the mortgagor enters into an agreement, satisfactory to the Secretary, that it will offer to sell the dwellings involved, after purchase and upon completion of any rehabilitation, to lower income individuals or families meeting the eligibility requirements established by the Secretary under subsection (b) of this section.

(B) The Secretary is authorized to insure under this paragraph mortgages executed to finance the sale of individual dwellings to lower income purchasers as provided in subparagraph (A). Any such mortgage shall—

(i) be in a principal amount not in excess of that portion of the unpaid principal balance of the blanket mortgage covering the property which is allocable to the individual dwelling involved;

(ii) bear interest at the same rate as the blanket mortgage; and

(iii) provide for complete amortization by periodic payments within a term equal to the remaining term (determined without regard to subparagraph (E)) of such blanket mortgage.

(C) The price for which any individual dwelling is sold under this paragraph shall be in an amount equal to that portion of the unpaid principal balance of the blanket mortgage covering the property which is allocable to the dwelling plus such additional amount, not less than $200 (which may be applied in whole or in part toward closing costs and may be paid in cash or its equivalent), as the Secretary may determine to be reasonable.

(D) Upon the sale under this paragraph of any individual dwelling, such dwelling shall be released from the lien of the blanket mortgage. Until all of the individual dwellings in the property covered by the blanket mortgage have been sold, the mortgagor shall hold and operate the dwellings remaining unsold at any given time, in such manner and under such terms as the Secretary may prescribe, as though they constituted rental units.

(E) Upon the sale under this paragraph of all the individual dwellings in the property covered by the blanket mortgage and the release of all individual dwellings from the lien of the blanket mortgage, the insurance of the blanket mortgage shall be terminated and no adjusted premium charge shall be charged by the Secretary upon such termination.

(5) Where the Secretary has approved a plan of family unit ownership the terms “single-family dwelling”, “single-family dwellings”, “individual dwelling”, and “individual dwellings” shall mean a family unit or family units, together with the undivided interest (or interests) in the common areas and facilities.

(6) For purposes of this subsection, the terms “single-family dwelling” and “single-family dwellings” (except for purposes of paragraph (5)) shall include a two- to three-family dwelling which has been approved by the Secretary.

(7) In addition to the assistance payments authorized under subsection (b) of this section, the Secretary may make such payments to a mortgagee on behalf of a nonprofit organization or public body or agency which is a mortgagor under the provisions of paragraph (1) in an amount not exceeding the difference between the monthly payment for principal, interest, and mortgage insurance premium which the mortgagor is obligated to pay under the mortgage and the monthly payment for principal and interest such mortgagor would be obligated to pay if the mortgage were to bear interest at the rate of 1 per centum per annum.

(8) A mortgage covering property which is not deteriorating or substandard may be insured under this subsection only if it is situated in an area in which mortgages may be insured under section 1715*l*(h) of this title.

(9) In insuring eligible mortgages under this subsection, the Secretary may not deny insurance on the basis that a mortgage involves a two- to three-family dwelling or is to be used to finance substantial rehabilitation rather than new construction.

The Secretary shall from time to time allocate and transfer to the Secretary of Agriculture, for use (in accordance with the terms and conditions of this section) in rural areas and small towns, a reasonable portion of the total authority to contract to make assistance payments as approved in appropriation Acts under subsection (h)(1) of this section.

In determining the income of any person for the purposes of this section, there shall be deducted an amount equal to $300 for each minor person who is a member of the immediate family of such person and living with such family, and the earnings of any such minor person shall not be included in the income of such person or his family.

No mortgage (except a mortgage insured under subsection (r) of this section) shall be insured under this section after September 30, 1989, except pursuant to a commitment to insure before that date.

No mortgage may be insured under this section on a unit in a subdivision, after October 12, 1977, which, when added to any other mortgages insured under this section in that subdivision after such date, represents more than 40 per centum of the total number of units in the subdivision, except that the preceding limitation shall not apply with regard to any rehabilitated unit, or to any unit or subdivision located or to be located in an established urban neighborhood or area, where a sound proposal is involved and where an aggregation of subsidized units is essential to a community sponsored overall redevelopment plan, as determined by the Secretary or to a mortgage insured under subsection (r) of this section.

The Secretary may insure a mortgage under this section involving a principal obligation which exceeds, by not more than 20 per centum, the maximum limits specified under subsection (b)(2) or (i)(3) of this section if the mortgage relates to a dwelling in an urban neighborhood where the Secretary determines that a community sponsored program of concentrated redevelopment or revitalization is being undertaken and the Secretary determines that such action is necessary to enable eligible families residing in the area who occupy substandard housing or are being involuntarily displaced to remain in the area in decent, safe, and sanitary housing.

The Secretary may insure a mortgage under this section involving a principal obligation which exceeds, by not more than 10 per centum, the maximum limits specified under subsection (b)(2) or (i)(3) of this section, or, if applicable, the maximum principal obligation insurable pursuant to subsection (*o*) of this section, if the mortgage relates to a dwelling to be occupied by a physically handicapped person and the Secretary determines that such action is necessary to reflect the cost of making such dwelling accessible to and usable by such person.

(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, except subsection (n), if the Secretary determines that there is a substantial need for emergency stimulation of the housing market, the Secretary is authorized to make and enter into contracts to make periodic assistance payments, to the extent of not to exceed 75 per centum of the authority available pursuant to subsection (h)(1) of this section, on behalf of homeowners, including owners of manufactured homes, to mortgagees or other lenders holding mortgages, loans, or advances of credit which meet the requirements of this subsection. The Secretary may establish such criteria, terms, and conditions relating to homeowners and mortgages, loans, or advances of credit assisted under this subsection as the Secretary deems appropriate, consistent with the provisions of this subsection. The Secretary is authorized to insure a mortgage which meets the requirements of and is to be assisted under this subsection. The authority to enter into contracts to provide assistance payments and to insure mortgages under this subsection shall terminate on September 30, 1989, or at such earlier date as the Secretary may deem appropriate, upon a determination by the Secretary that the conditions which gave rise to the exercise of authority under this subsection are no longer present, except pursuant to a commitment entered into prior to such date.

(2) Payments under this subsection may be made only on behalf of a homeowner who satisfies such eligibility requirements as may be prescribed by the Secretary and who—

(A)(i) is a mortgagor under a mortgage which meets the requirements of and is insured under this subsection, or (ii) is the original owner of a new manufactured home consisting of two or more modules and a lot on which the manufactured home is situated, where insurance under section 1703 of this title covering the loan, advance of credit, or purchase of an obligation representing such loan or advance of credit to finance the purchase of such manufactured home and lot has been granted to the lender making such loan, advance of credit, or purchase of an obligation; and

(B) has a family income, at the time of initial occupancy, which does not exceed 130 per centum of the area median income for the area (with adjustments for smaller and larger families, unusually high or low median family income, or other factors), as determined by the Secretary.

(3) Assistance payments to a mortgagee or other lender by the Secretary on behalf of a homeowner shall be made only during such time as the homeowner shall continue to occupy the property which secures the mortgage, loan, or advance of credit. The Secretary may, where a mortgage insured under this subsection has been assigned to the Secretary, continue making such assistance payments.

(4) The amount of the assistance payments in the case of a mortgage shall not at any time exceed the lesser of—

(A) the balance of the monthly payment for principal, interest, taxes, insurance, and any mortgage insurance premium due under the mortgage remaining unpaid after applying a minimum of 25 per centum of the mortgagor's income, except that the Secretary may reduce such per centum of income to the extent he deems necessary, but not lower than 20 per centum of the mortgagor's income; or

(B) the difference between the amount of the monthly payment for principal, interest, and any mortgage insurance premium which would be required if the mortgage were a level payment mortgage bearing interest at a rate equal to the maximum interest rate which is applicable to level payment mortgages insured under section 1709(b) of this title, other than mortgages subject to section 1709–1(2) 1 of this title, and the monthly payment for principal and interest which the mortgagor would be obligated to pay if the mortgage were a level payment mortgage bearing interest at the rate of at least 9½ per centum per annum.

(5) Assistance payments on behalf of the owner of a manufactured home shall not at any time exceed the lesser of—

(A) the balance of the monthly payment for principal, interest, real and personal property taxes, insurance, and insurance premium chargeable under section 1703 of this title due under the loan or advance of credit remaining unpaid after applying a minimum of 25 per centum of the manufactured homeowner's income, except that the Secretary may reduce such per centum of income to the extent he deems necessary, but not lower than 20 per centum of the mortgagor's income; or

(B) the difference between the amount of the monthly payment for principal, interest, and insurance premium chargeable under section 1703 of this title which the manufactured homeowner is obligated to pay under the loan or advance of credit and the monthly payment of principal and interest which the owner would be obligated to pay if the loan or advance of credit were to bear an interest rate determined by the Secretary which shall not be less than 12 per centum per annum.

(6) The Secretary may include in the payment to the mortgagee or other lender such amount, in addition to the amount computed under paragraph (4) or (5), as the Secretary deems appropriate to reimburse the mortgagee or other lender for its reasonable and necessary expenses in handling the mortgage, loan, or advance of credit.

(7) The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as the Secretary deems necessary to assure that the sales price of, or other consideration paid in connection with, the purchase by a homeowner of the property with respect to which assistance payments are to be made is not greater than the appraised value as determined by the Secretary.

(8) Assistance payments pursuant to paragraph (5) shall not be made with respect to more than 20 per centum of the total number of units with respect to which assistance is approved under this subsection.

(9) The Secretary may, in addition to mortgages insured under subsection (i) or (j) of this section, insure, upon application by the mortgagee, a mortgage executed by a mortgagor who meets the eligibility requirements for assistance payments prescribed by the Secretary under paragraph (2). Commitments for the insurance of such mortgages may be issued by the Secretary prior to the date of their execution or disbursement thereon, upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe.

(10) To be eligible for insurance under this subsection, a mortgage shall—

(A) be a first lien on real estate held in fee simple, or on a leasehold under a lease which meets terms and conditions established by the Secretary;

(B) have been made to, and be held by, a mortgagee approved by the Secretary as responsible and able to service the mortgage properly;

(C) involve a one- to four-family dwelling which has been approved by the Secretary prior to the beginning of construction, or if not so approved, has been completed within one year prior to the filing of the application for insurance and which has never been sold other than to the mortgagor;

(D) involve a principal residence the sales price of which does not exceed 82 per centum of the applicable maximum principal obligation of a mortgage which may be insured in the area pursuant to section 1709(b)(2) of this title, determined without regard to the last sentence of such section;

(E) have maturity and amortization provisions satisfactory to the Secretary;

(F) bear interest (exclusive of premium charges for insurance, and service charges if any) at not to exceed the applicable maximum rate for mortgages insured pursuant to section 1709(b) of this title;

(G) be executed by a mortgagor who shall have paid in cash or its equivalent, on account of the property, at least an amount equal to 3 per centum of the Secretary's estimate of the cost of acquisition; and

(H) contain such other terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe.

(11) The Secretary shall, to the extent practicable, insure mortgages under this subsection which are secured by properties which contribute to the conservation of land and energy resources.

(12) A mortgage to be assisted under this subsection shall, where the Secretary deems it appropriate, provide for graduated payments pursuant to section 1715z–10 1 of this title.

(13) The Secretary shall develop and utilize a system to allocate assistance under this subsection in a manner which assures a reasonable distribution of such assistance among the various regions of the country and which takes into consideration such factors as population, relative decline in building permits, the need for increased housing production, and other factors he deems appropriate. Assistance provided under this subsection shall not be subject to section 1439 of title 42.

(14) Upon the disposition by the homeowner of any property assisted pursuant to this subsection, or where the homeowner rents the property (or the owner's unit in the case of a two- to four-family residence) for a period longer than one year, the Secretary shall provide for the recapture of an amount equal to the lesser of (A) the amount of assistance actually received under this subsection, other than any amount provided under paragraph (6), or (B) an amount at least equal to 50 per centum of the net appreciation of the property, as determined by the Secretary. For the purpose of this paragraph, the term “net appreciation of the property” means any increase in the value of the property over the original purchase price, less the reasonable costs of sale, the reasonable costs of improvements made to the property, and any increase in the mortgage balance as of the time of sale over the original mortgage balance due to the mortgage being insured pursuant to section 1715z–10 1 of this title. In providing for such recapture, the Secretary shall include incentives for the homeowner to maintain the property in a marketable condition. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any such assistance shall constitute a debt secured by the property to the extent that the Secretary may provide for such recapture.

(15) Procedures shall be adopted by the Secretary for recertification of the homeowner's income at intervals of two years (or at shorter intervals where the Secretary deems it desirable) for the purpose of adjusting the amount of such assistance payments within the limits of the formula described in paragraph (4) or (5).

(1) The Secretary is authorized, upon application of a mortgagee, to insure under this subsection a mortgage the proceeds of which are used to refinance a mortgage insured under this section.

(2) To be eligible for insurance under this subsection, a mortgage must be executed by a mortgagor meeting the requirements of paragraph (3) and shall—

(A) be a first lien on real estate held in fee simple, or on a leasehold under a lease—

(i) for not less than 99 years which is renewable; or

(ii) having a period of not less than 10 years to run beyond the maturity date of the mortgage;

(B) have been made to, and held by, a mortgagee approved by the Secretary;

(C) be in an amount not exceeding the outstanding principal balance, including any unpaid interest, due on the mortgage being refinanced;

(D) have a maturity not exceeding the unexpired term of the mortgage being refinanced;

(E) bear an interest rate not exceeding such percent per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time as the Secretary finds necessary to meet the mortgage market, taking into consideration the yields on mortgages in the primary and secondary markets; to the extent that the amounts described in paragraphs (4)(A) and (B) are not otherwise paid by the Secretary, the foregoing interest rate may be increased, in the discretion of the Secretary, to compensate the mortgagee for its payment to, or on behalf of, the mortgagor of such amounts; and

(F) meet the criteria for refinancing as determined by the Secretary.

(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (h)(2) of this section, assistance payments in connection with mortgages insured under paragraph (2) shall be made only with respect to a family who is eligible for, and receiving assistance payments with respect to, the insured mortgage being refinanced.

(4) The Secretary is authorized and, to the extent provided in appropriation Acts, may pay to the mortgagor (directly, through the mortgagee, or otherwise)—

(A) an amount, as approved by the Secretary, as an incentive to the mortgagor to refinance a mortgage insured under this section; and

(B) an amount as approved by the Secretary for costs incurred in connection with the refinancing, including but not limited to discounts, loan origination fees, and closing costs.

(5) Amounts of budget authority required for assistance payments contracts with respect to mortgages insured under this subsection shall be derived from amounts recaptured from assistance payments contracts relating to mortgages that are being refinanced. For purposes of subsection (c)(3)(A) of this section, the amount of recaptured budget authority that the Secretary commits for assistance payments contracts relating to mortgages insured under this subsection shall not be construed as “unused”.

(6) The Secretary is authorized to take any actions to identify and communicate with any mortgagor of a mortgage insured under this section to implement the refinancing of such mortgages with insurance under this subsection. The Secretary may take such actions directly, or under contract. Notwithstanding the restriction of section 552a(b) of title 5, upon the request of an approved mortgagee, the Secretary may disclose to such mortgagee the name and address of any mortgagor of a mortgage insured under this section that meets the criteria for refinancing, pursuant to paragraph (2)(F), and the unpaid principal balance and interest rate on such mortgage.

(7) The Secretary shall implement the provisions of this subsection by a notice published in the Federal Register.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §235, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title I, §101(a), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 477; amended Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §§101(d), 106, 107(a), 109, 113(i), title IV, §§412(b), 418(a), Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 379, 381, 385, 398, 402; Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §§101(d), 102(a), 105–107, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1770, 1771; Pub. L. 92–503, §1(d), Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 906; Pub. L. 93–85, §1(d), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 220; Pub. L. 93–117, §1(d), Oct. 2, 1973, 87 Stat. 421; Pub. L. 93–383, title II, §211, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 671; Pub. L. 94–375, §3(a)–(c), (e), (f), Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1068, 1069; Pub. L. 95–128, title II, §205, title III, §§301(d), 303(f), Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1130, 1131, 1132; Pub. L. 95–406, §1(d), Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 879; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §301(d), Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2096; Pub. L. 96–71, §1(d), Sept. 28, 1979, 93 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 96–105, §1(d), Nov. 8, 1979, 93 Stat. 794; Pub. L. 96–153, title II, §213, title III, §301(d), Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1111; Pub. L. 96–372, §1(d), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1363; Pub. L. 96–399, title II, §§206(a), (b)(1), 207, title III, §§301(d), 308(c)(1), (2), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1630, 1631, 1638, 1640; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §§328, 331(d), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 407, 412; Pub. L. 97–110, title III, §304, Dec. 26, 1981, 95 Stat. 1515; Pub. L. 97–185, May 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 100; Pub. L. 97–253, title II, §201(f), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 790; Pub. L. 97–289, §1(d), Oct. 6, 1982, 96 Stat. 1230; Pub. L. 98–35, §1(d), May 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 98–109, §1(d), Oct. 1, 1983, 97 Stat. 745; Pub. L. 98–181, title II, §226, title IV, §§401(d), 404(b)(12), 423(b)(5), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1194, 1207, 1209, 1217; Pub. L. 98–479, title I, §§102(a)(1), 104(a)(3), title II, §204(a)(8), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2221, 2224, 2232; Pub. L. 99–120, §1(d), Oct. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 502; Pub. L. 99–156, §1(d), Nov. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 815; Pub. L. 99–219, §1(d), Dec. 26, 1985, 99 Stat. 1730; Pub. L. 99–267, §1(d), Mar. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 73; Pub. L. 99–272, title III, §3007(d), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 104; Pub. L. 99–289, §1(b), May 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 99–345, §1, June 24, 1986, 100 Stat. 673; Pub. L. 99–430, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 986; Pub. L. 100–122, §1, Sept. 30, 1987, 101 Stat. 793; Pub. L. 100–154, Nov. 5, 1987, 101 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 100–170, Nov. 17, 1987, 101 Stat. 914; Pub. L. 100–179, Dec. 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 1018; Pub. L. 100–200, Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 100–242, §§170(a), 401(c), 406(b)(18), (19), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1867, 1898, 1901; Pub. L. 101–144, title II, Nov. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 852; Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §125(a)–(c), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2022–2024.)

Section 1715z–2 of this title, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), was repealed by Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2120(a)(6), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835.

Section 1715z–10 of this title, referred to in subsecs. (c)(2)(A) and (q)(12), (14), was repealed by Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2120(a)(7), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835.

The Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (h)(1), is Pub. L. 93–383, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 633, as amended. Title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 is classified principally to chapter 69 (§5301 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (i)(3)(A), is section 101 of Pub. L. 89–117, title I, Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 451, as amended, which enacted section 1701s of this title and amended sections 1451 and 1465 of Title 42.

Section 1709–1 of this title, referred to in subsec. (q)(4)(B), was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §404(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1208.

**1989**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 101–235, §125(c)(1), inserted “, other than a contract in connection with a refinancing under subsection (r) of this section,” after “any new contract” in second sentence.

Subsec. (c)(3)(A). Pub. L. 101–235, §125(c)(2), which directed the insertion of “(except to the extent provided in subsection (r) of this section for mortgages insured under such subsection)” after “refinanced,” in second sentence, was executed by making the insertion after “refinanced” as the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (c)(3)(C). Pub. L. 101–235, §125(b), inserted at end “Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, any amounts of budget authority or contract authority recaptured from assistance payments contracts relating to mortgages that are being refinanced that are not required for assistance payments contracts relating to mortgages insured under this subsection, shall be rescinded.”

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–235, §125(c)(3), inserted reference to subsec. (r).

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 101–235, §125(c)(4), inserted “(other than obligations in connection with mortgages insured under subsection (r) of this section)” in third sentence, “(except under subsection (r) of this section)” in sixth sentence, and “(other than a contract in connection with a mortgage insured under subsection (r) of this section)” in seventh sentence.

Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 101–235, §125(c)(5), inserted sentence at end providing that the preceding sentence shall not apply to contracts in connection with mortgages insured under subsec. (r).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 101–235, §125(c)(6), inserted “(except a mortgage insured under subsection (r) of this section)” after “No mortgage”.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 101–235, §125(c)(7), inserted “or to a mortgage insured under subsection (r) of this section” before period at end.

Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 101–235, §125(a), amended subsec. (r) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (r) read as follows:

“(1)

“(A) The Secretary shall periodically review each contract under which the Secretary is making assistance payments under this section to determine if a refinancing of the mortgage, loan, or advance of credit involved will result in a sufficient reduction in assistance payments to warrant such refinancing.

“(B) In the case of assistance payments contracts in effect on November 9, 1989, the Secretary shall complete such review within 60 days in order to permit the refinancing to be completed during fiscal year 1990.

“(2)

“(A) For lenders and mortgagees providing refinancing, the payment of reasonable mortgage or loan origination fees, discount points, and other expenses required to refinance; and

“(B) For the homeowner or cooperative member involved, the payment of an amount that does not exceed 1 percent of the principal amount refinanced.

“(3)

“(A) Lenders and mortgagees providing refinancings under this subsection may charge an interest rate for refinancing that is not greater than 0.5 percent higher than the prevailing market rate for refinancing.

“(B) Payments to the homeowner or cooperative member to encourage refinancing shall be paid through a reduction in the monthly payment of the homeowner or cooperative member under the mortgage, loan, or advance of credit.

“(4)

“(A) The Secretary shall make such revisions in any assistance payments contract (including the amount of assistance payments made under the contract) as are necessary to reflect a refinancing obtained pursuant to this subsection. A revised assistance payments contract under this paragraph shall not be considered to be a new contract under this section.

“(B) Any contract authority that becomes available as a result of the revision of an assistance payments contract under this paragraph shall be rescinded.”

Pub. L. 101–144 added subsec. (r).

**1988**—Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 100–242, §401(c), substituted “September 30, 1989” for “March 15, 1988”.

Subsec. (i)(3)(A). Pub. L. 100–242, §406(b)(18), struck out “one of the units of which is to be occupied by the owner and” after “three-family dwelling”.

Subsec. (i)(3)(C). Pub. L. 100–242, §170(a), substituted “(including” for “including”.

Subsec. (j)(6). Pub. L. 100–242, §406(b)(19), struck out “if one of the units is to be occupied by the owner” after “Secretary”.

Subsecs. (m), (q)(1). Pub. L. 100–242, §401(c), substituted “September 30, 1989” for “March 15, 1988”.

**1987**—Subsecs. (h)(1), (m), (q)(1). Pub. L. 100–200 substituted “March 15, 1988” for “December 16, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–179 substituted “December 16, 1987” for “December 2, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–170 substituted “December 2, 1987” for “November 15, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–154 substituted “November 15, 1987” for “October 31, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–122 substituted “October 31, 1987” for “September 30, 1987”.

**1986**—Subsecs. (h)(1), (m), (q)(1). Pub. L. 99–430 substituted “September 30, 1987” for “September 30, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–345 substituted “September 30, 1986” for “June 6, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–289 substituted “June 6, 1986” for “April 30, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–272 made amendment identical to Pub. L. 99–219. See 1985 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 99–267 substituted “April 30, 1986” for “March 17, 1986”.

**1985**—Subsecs. (h)(1), (m), (q)(1). Pub. L. 99–219 substituted “March 17, 1986” for “December 15, 1985”.

Pub. L. 99–156 substituted “December 15, 1985” for “November 14, 1985”.

Pub. L. 99–120 substituted “November 14, 1985” for “September 30, 1985”.

**1984**—Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 98–479, §102(a)(1), inserted “utilizing amounts approved in appropriation Acts before November 30, 1983,” before “except (i)” and substituted “September 30, 1985” for “November 30, 1983” in last sentence.

Subsec. (i)(3)(C). Pub. L. 98–479, §204(a)(8), substituted “Secretary” for “Seretary” before “authorizes an increase”.

Subsec. (j)(2)(C). Pub. L. 98–479, §104(a)(3), substituted “bear interest at a rate not to exceed such percent per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time as the Secretary determines is necessary to meet the mortgage market, taking into consideration the yields on mortgages in the primary and secondary markets” for “bear interest (exclusive of premium charges for insurance and service charge, if any) at not to exceed such per centum per annum (not in excess of 6 per centum), on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time, as the Secretary finds necessary to meet the mortgage market”.

**1983**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 98–181, §226(a), substituted “Subject to the second sentence of this paragraph, the” for “The”, and inserted provision limiting to a 10-year period assistance payments pursuant to any new contract entered into after Sept. 30, 1983, utilizing authority approved in appropriation Acts for any fiscal year beginning after such date.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 98–181, §226(b), added par. (3).

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 98–181, §226(c), struck out “and” after “on July 1, 1971”, and inserted “, and by such sums as may be approved in an appropriation Act on or after October 1, 1983 (from the additional authority to enter into contracts made available on such date under the first sentence of section 1437c(c)(1) of title 42). The aggregate amount that may be obligated over the duration of the contracts entered into with the authority provided on or after October 1, 1983, may not exceed such sums of new budget authority as may be appropriated after November 30, 1983. The Secretary shall begin issuing new commitments and reservations to provide mortgage insurance and assistance payments under this section before the expiration of the 30-day period following the approval in any appropriation Act of budget authority for this section after November 30, 1983.”

Pub. L. 98–109, §1(d)(1), substituted “November 30, 1983” for “September 30, 1983”.

Subsec. (i)(3)(A). Pub. L. 98–181, §226(d)(1), substituted “three-family” for “two-family”, and “involve a single-family or a two-family” for “involve a single-family”.

Subsec. (i)(3)(B), (C). Pub. L. 98–181, §423(b)(5)(A), (B), struck out “: *Provided*, That the foregoing maximum mortgage amounts may be increased by the amount of the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured” after “$55,000, respectively”.

Subsec. (i)(3)(D). Pub. L. 98–181, §423(b)(5)(C), struck out “: *Provided*, That the foregoing maximum mortgage amounts may be increased by the amount of the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured” after “cost levels so require)”.

Pub. L. 98–181, §226(d)(2), inserted “or three-family” and substituted “$60,000” for “$55,000” and “$66,250” for “$61,250”.

Subsec. (i)(3)(F). Pub. L. 98–181, §404(b)(12), added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (i)(4), (5). Pub. L. 98–181, §226(d)(3), added pars. (4) and (5).

Subsec. (j)(6). Pub. L. 98–181, §226(e)(1), substituted “two- to three-family” for “two-family”.

Subsec. (j)(9). Pub. L. 98–181, §226(e)(2), added par. (9).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 98–181, §401(d)(1), substituted “September 30, 1985” for “November 30, 1983”.

Pub. L. 98–109, §1(d)(2), substituted “November 30, 1983” for “September 30, 1983”.

Pub. L. 98–35, §1(d)(1), substituted “September 30, 1983” for “May 20, 1983”.

Subsec. (q)(1). Pub. L. 98–181, §401(d)(2), substituted “September 30, 1985” for “November 30, 1983”.

Pub. L. 98–109, §1(d)(3), substituted “November 30, 1983” for “September 30, 1983”.

Pub. L. 98–35, §1(d)(2), substituted “September 30, 1983” for “May 20, 1983”.

**1982**—Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 97–289, §1(d)(1), substituted “May 20, 1983” for “September 30, 1982” in two places.

Subsec. (i)(3)(B). Pub. L. 97–253, §201(f)(1), inserted provision that the foregoing maximum mortgage amounts may be increased by the amount of the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured.

Subsec. (i)(3)(C). Pub. L. 97–253, §201(f)(2), inserted provision that the foregoing maximum mortgage amounts may be increased by the amount of the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured.

Subsec. (i)(3)(D). Pub. L. 97–253, §201(f)(3), inserted provision that the foregoing maximum mortgage amounts may be increased by the amount of the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured.

Subsec. (i)(3)(E). Pub. L. 97–253, §201(f)(4), inserted “(excluding the mortgage insurance premium paid at the time the mortgage is insured)” after “cost of acquisition”.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 97–289, §1(d)(2), substituted “May 20, 1983” for “September 30, 1982”.

Subsec. (q)(1). Pub. L. 97–289, §1(d)(3), substituted “May 20, 1983” for “September 30, 1982”.

**1981**—Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 97–35, §328(a), struck out provisions relating to homeowner ceasing to make payments for a period of 90 continuous days or more under the mortgage, etc.

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 97–110 expanded enumeration of exceptions to provision that the Secretary not enter into new contracts for assistance payments under this section after March 31, 1982, by designating the two existing exceptions as cls. (i) and (ii) and by adding cl. (iii).

Pub. L. 97–35, §328(b), inserted provisions prohibiting new contracts for assistance under this section after Mar. 1, 1982, except pursuant to specified exceptions.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 97–35, §331(d)(1), substituted “1982” for “1981”.

Subsec. (q)(1). Pub. L. 97–35, §331(d)(2), substituted “September 30, 1982” for “June 1, 1981”.

Subsec. (q)(14). Pub. L. 97–35, §328(c), struck out provisions relating to homeowner ceasing to make payments for a period of 90 continuous days or more under the mortgage, etc.

**1980**—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 96–399, §308(c)(1), substituted “manufactured home” for “mobile home” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 96–399, §308(c)(2), substituted “manufactured homeowner” and “manufactured homeowner's” for “mobile homeowner” and “mobile homeowner's”, respectively.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 96–399, §206(a)(1), substituted in last proviso “$40,000” for “$32,000”, “$47,500” for “$38,000” in two places, and “$55,000” for “$44,000”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–399, §206(b)(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1), redesignated existing pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (i)(3)(B) to (D). Pub. L. 96–399, §206(a)(2), (3), substituted “$40,000” for “$32,000”, “$47,500” for “$38,000”, “$55,000” for “$44,000”, and “$61,250” for “$49,000”.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 96–399, §301(d), substituted “September 30, 1981” for “October 15, 1980”.

Pub. L. 96–372 substituted “October 15, 1980” for “September 30, 1980”.

Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 96–399, §206(a)(4), added subsec. (p).

Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 96–399, §207, added subsec. (q).

**1979**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 96–153, §213(a), inserted provision that the Secretary give preference to low-income families who are likely to be displaced without assistance and that the assistance may include the acquisition of a condominium or membership in a cooperative association.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 96–153, §213(c)(2), inserted parenthetical reference to 4 per centum per annum rate in the case of a mortgage described in subsec. (*o*) of this section.

Subsec. (i)(3)(A). Pub. L. 96–153, §213(b), substituted “standards as the Secretary may prescribe:” for “standards as the Secretary may prescribe, if the mortgagor qualifies as a displaced family as defined in section 1715*l*(f) of this title, or a family which includes five or more minor persons, or a family occupying low-rent public housing:”.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 96–153, §301(d), substituted “September 30, 1980” for “November 30, 1979”.

Pub. L. 96–105 substituted “November 30, 1979” for “October 31, 1979”.

Pub. L. 96–71 substituted “October 31, 1979” for “September 30, 1979”.

Subsec. (*o*). Pub. L. 96–153, §213(c)(1), added subsec. (*o*).

**1978**—Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 95–557 substituted “September 30, 1979” for “October 31, 1978”.

Pub. L. 95–406 substituted “October 31, 1978” for “September 30, 1978”.

**1977**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 95–128, §§205, 303(f)(1), inserted reference to section 1715*l*(d)(3) of this title and substituted in last proviso “$32,000” for “$25,000”, “$38,000” for “$29,000” in two places, and “$44,000” for “$33,000”.

Subsec. (i)(3)(B) to (E). Pub. L. 95–128, §303(f)(2)–(4), substituted in subpar. (B) “$32,000” for “$25,000”, “$38,000” for “$29,000” in two places, and “$44,000” for “$33,000”, added subpars. (C) and (D), and redesignated former subpar. (C) as (E).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 95–128, §301(d), substituted “September 30, 1978” for “September 30, 1977”.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 95–128, §303(f)(5), added subsec. (n).

**1976**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–375, §3(f)(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 94–375, §3(b), substituted “$25,000” for “$21,600”, “$29,000” for “$25,200” in two places, and “$33,000” for “$28,800”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 94–375, §3(f)(2), inserted “(a)(2)(B),” after “computed under subsection”.

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 94–375, §3(e), substituted “95 per centum” for “80 per centum” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (i)(3)(B). Pub. L. 94–375, §3(c), substituted “$25,000” for “$21,600”, “$29,000” for “$25,200” in two places, and “$33,000” for “$28,800”.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 94–375 §3(a), substituted “September 30, 1977” for “June 30, 1976”.

**1974**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–383, §211(b), inserted provisions relating to mortgages assisted under a State or local program providing assistance through loans, etc.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 93–383, §211(c)(1), substituted “$21,600” for “$18,000”, “$25,200” for “$21,000” in two places, and “$28,800” for “$24,000”.

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 93–383, §211(a)(1), (2), inserted provisions relating to increases by such sums as may be approved in appropriations Acts after June 30, 1974, and prior to July 1, 1976, and provisions prohibiting new contracts for assistance payments upon the expiration of one year following Aug. 22, 1974.

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 93–383, §211(a)(3), substituted provisions setting forth requirements for assistance payments for families for provisions setting forth maximum income limits of families receiving assistance payments under contracts and provisions relating to annual report to Congressional Committees with respect to income levels of families.

Subsec. (h)(3)(B). Pub. L. 93–383, §211(a)(4), substituted “on or after July 1, 1969” for “prior to July 1, 1972”.

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 93–383, §211(a)(5), inserted provisions authorizing insurance of advances for property construction or rehabilitation pursuant to self-help programs.

Subsec. (i)(3)(B). Pub. L. 93–383, §211(c)(2), substituted “$21,600” for “$18,000”, “$25,200” for “$21,000” in two places, and “$28,800” for “$24,000”.

Subsec. (i)(3)(C). Pub. L. 93–383, §211(a)(6), struck out provisions relating to execution by a mortgagor in the case of a family whose income is not in excess of 135 per centum of the maximum income limits established in the area pursuant to specified limitations or any other family.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 93–383, §211(a)(7), substituted “June 30, 1976” for “October 1, 1974”.

**1973**—Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 93–117 substituted “October 1, 1974” for “October 1, 1973”.

Pub. L. 93–85 substituted “October 1, 1973” for “June 30, 1973”.

**1972**—Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 92–503 substituted “June 30, 1973” for “October 1, 1972”.

**1970**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 91–609, §107, designated existing provisions as cl. (A) and added cl. (B).

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 91–609, §102(a), in second sentence, inserted “outstanding” before “contracts” where first appearing and substituted “$150,000,000 on July 1, 1970” and “$200,000,000 on July 1, 1971” for “$125,000,000 on July 1, 1970” and “$170,000,000 on July 1, 1971”.

Subsec. (h)(3)(B). Pub. L. 91–609, §105(1), substituted “July 1, 1972” for “July 1, 1971”.

Subsec. (h)(4). Pub. L. 91–609, §105(2), added par. (4).

Subsec. (i)(3)(A). Pub. L. 91–609, §106, substituted “and which is approved by the Secretary” for “if the dwelling is purchased with the assistance of a nonprofit organization and is approved by the Secretary”.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 91–609, §101(d), substituted “October 1, 1972” for “October 1, 1971”.

**1969**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 91–152, §§106(b), 113(i), substituted provisions qualifying for assistance payments the transferee of any cooperative member who has received assistance payments, provided that such transferee undertakes the obligation to pay occupancy charges, for provisions qualifying for assistance payments the transferee of the initial cooperative member receiving assistance payments, and substituted “$18,000” for “$15,000”, “$21,000” for “$17,500” wherever appearing, and “$24,000” for “$20,000”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–152, §§106(a), 418(a), inserted reference to subsection (i) of this section, and inserted the further proviso authorizing the Secretary to continue making assistance payments.

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 91–152, §107(a), substituted “$125,000,000 on July 1, 1969, by “$125,000,000 on July 1, 1970, and by $170,000,000 on July 1, 1971” for “$100,000,000 on July 1, 1969, and by $125,000,000 on July 1, 1970”.

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 91–152, §412(b), required the Secretary to report semiannually instead of annually to the respective Committees on Banking and Currency of the Senate and House of Representatives.

Subsec. (h)(3)(A). Pub. L. 91–152, §109(1), inserted “and” after “July 1, 1969”.

Subsec. (h)(3)(B). Pub. L. 91–152, §109(2), substituted “30 per centum” for “15 per centum” and “July 1, 1971,” for “July 1, 1970, and”.

Subsec. (h)(3)(C). Pub. L. 91–152, §109(2), struck out subsec. (h)(3)(C) which limited the amount available for home-ownership assistance payments to 10 per centum of the total additional amount of contracts for assistance payments authorized by appropriation Acts made prior to July 1, 1971.

Subsec. (i)(3)(B). Pub. L. 91–152, §113(i), substituted “$18,000” for “$15,000”, “$21,000” for “$17,500” wherever appearing, and “$24,000” for “$20,000”.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 91–152, §101(d), added subsec. (m).

Amendment by section 406(b)(18), (19) of Pub. L. 100–242 applicable only with respect to mortgages insured pursuant to conditional commitment issued on or after Feb. 5, 1988, or in accordance with direct endorsement program (24 CFR 200.163), if approved underwriter of mortgagee signs appraisal report for property on or after Feb. 5, 1988, see section 406(d) of Pub. L. 100–242, set out as a note under section 1709 of this title.

For effective date of amendment by section 423(b)(5) of Pub. L. 98–181, see section 423(c) of Pub. L. 98–181, set out as a note under section 1709 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

Section 206(b)(2) of Pub. L. 96–399 provided: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] does not apply to any assistance contract under section 235 of the National Housing Act [this section] entered into pursuant to a commitment issued within 6 months following the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 8, 1980].”

Section 125(d) of Pub. L. 101–235 provided that: “Notwithstanding the termination of the program under section 235 [this section] pursuant to section 401(d) of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1987 [Pub. L. 100–242, set out below], the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall have authority to insure mortgages under section 235(r), to make assistance payments with respect to such insured mortgages, and to make any other payment or take any other action related to the refinancing of mortgages insured under section 235.”

Section 401(d) of Pub. L. 100–242 provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) any mortgage insurance commitment issued; or

“(B) any assistance pursuant to a reservation of funds made;

under section 235 of the National Housing Act prior to October 1, 1989.”

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–253 to be implemented only if the Secretary determines that the program of advance payment of insurance premiums, considering the effect of said amendment, is actuarially sound, see section 201(g) of Pub. L. 97–253, set out as a note under section 1709 of this title.

Section 206(c) of Pub. L. 96–399 directed Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to conduct a study of effects which application of subsec. (n) of this section has had or is likely to have on program established by subsec. (a). If program established by subsec. (q) was implemented, Secretary was to include in study an analysis of effects on subsec. (q) program of application of subsec. (n) to such program. Secretary to transmit to Congress, not later than Jan. 1, 1982, a report containing findings and conclusions of study.

Section 101(c)(4) of Pub. L. 90–448 provided that: “The purchase of any individual dwelling, sold by a nonprofit organization pursuant to the provisions of section 221(h)(5) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715*l*(h)(5)] after the date of enactment of this section [Aug. 1, 1968], may be financed with a mortgage insured under the provisions of section 235(j)(4) of such Act [12 U.S.C. 1715z(j)(4)], but such mortgage shall bear interest at the rate provided in section 235(j)(2)(C) of such Act.”

Pub. L. 90–608, ch. IV, §401, Oct. 21, 1968, 82 Stat. 1193, provided in part that the total payments that may be required in any fiscal year by all contracts entered into under section 235 of the National Housing Act [this section] shall not exceed $25,000,000.

Pub. L. 91–47, title II, §201, July 22, 1969, 83 Stat. 53, increased by $45,000,000 the limitation on total payments that may be required in any fiscal year by all contracts entered into under section 235 of the National Housing Act, as amended (82 Stat. 477) [this section].

1 See References in Text note below.

For the purpose of reducing rentals for lower income families, the Secretary is authorized to make, and to contract to make, periodic interest reduction payments on behalf of the owner of a rental housing project designed for occupancy by lower income families, which shall be accomplished through payments to morgagees 1 holding mortgages meeting the special requirements specified in this section.

Interest reduction payments with respect to a project shall only be made during such time as the project is operated as a rental housing project and is subject to a mortgage which meets the requirements of, and is insured under, subsection (j) of this section: *Provided*, That the Secretary is authorized to continue making such interest reduction payments where the mortgage has been assigned to the Secretary: *Provided further*, That interest reduction payments may be made with respect to a mortgage or part thereof on a rental or cooperative housing project owned by a private nonprofit corporation or other private nonprofit entity, a limited dividend corporation or other limited dividend entity, public 2 entity, or a cooperative housing corporation, which is financed under a State or local program providing assistance through loans, loan insurance, or tax abatements, and which may involve either new or existing construction and which is approved for receiving the benefits of this section. The term “mortgage insurance premium”, when used in this section in relation to a project financed by a loan under a State or local program, means such fees and charges, approved by the Secretary, as are payable by the mortgagor to the State or local agency mortgagee to meet reserve requirements and administrative expenses of such agency.

The interest reduction payments to a mortgagee by the Secretary on behalf of a project owner shall be in an amount not exceeding the difference between the monthly payment for principal, interest, and mortgage insurance premium which the project owner as a mortgagor is obligated to pay under the mortgage and the monthly payment for principal and interest such project owner would be obligated to pay if the mortgage were to bear interest at the rate of 1 per centum per annum.

The Secretary may include in the payment to the mortgagee such amount, in addition to the amount computed under subsection (c) of this section, as he deems appropriate to reimburse the mortgagee for its expenses in handling the mortgage.

(1) As a condition for receiving the benefits of interest reduction payments, the project owner shall operate the project in accordance with such requirements with respect to tenant eligibility and rents as the Secretary may prescribe. Procedures shall be adopted by the Secretary for review of tenant incomes at intervals of one year (or at shorter intervals where the Secretary deems it desirable).

(2) A project for which interest reduction payments are made under this section and for which the mortgage on the project has been refinanced shall continue to receive the interest reduction payments under this section under the terms of the contract for such payments, but only if the project owner enters into such binding commitments as the Secretary may require (which shall be applicable to any subsequent owner) to ensure that the owner will continue to operate the project in accordance with all low-income affordability restrictions for the project in connection with the Federal assistance for the project for a period having a duration that is not less than the term for which such interest reduction payments are made plus an additional 5 years.

(1)(A)(i) For each dwelling unit there shall be established, with the approval of the Secretary, a basic rental charge and fair market rental charge.

(ii) The basic rental charge shall be—

(I) the amount needed to operate the project with payments of principal and interest due under a mortgage bearing interest at the rate of 1 percent per annum; or

(II) an amount greater than that determined under clause (ii)(I), but not greater than the market rent for a comparable unassisted unit, reduced by the value of the interest reduction payments subsidy.

(iii) The fair market rental charge shall be—

(I) the amount needed to operate the project with payments of principal, interest, and mortgage insurance premium which the mortgagor is obligated to pay under the mortgage covering the project; or

(II) an amount greater than that determined under clause (iii)(I), but not greater than the market rent for a comparable unassisted unit.

(iv) The Secretary may approve a basic rental charge and fair market rental charge for a unit that exceeds the minimum amounts permitted by this subparagraph for such charges only if—

(I) the approved basic rental charge and fair market rental charges each exceed the applicable minimum charge by the same amount; and

(II) the project owner agrees to restrictions on project use or mortgage prepayment that are acceptable to the Secretary.

(v) The Secretary may approve a basic rental charge and fair market rental charge under this paragraph for a unit with assistance under section 1437f of title 42 that differs from the basic rental charge and fair market rental charge for a unit in the same project that is similar in size and amenities but without such assistance, as needed to ensure equitable treatment of tenants in units without such assistance.

(B)(i) The rental charge for each dwelling unit shall be at the basic rental charge or such greater amount, not exceeding the fair market rental charge determined pursuant to subparagraph (A), as represents 30 percent of the tenant's adjusted income, except as otherwise provided in this subparagraph.

(ii) In the case of a project which contains more than 5000 units, is subject to an interest reduction payments contract, and is financed under a State or local project, the Secretary may reduce the rental charge ceiling, but in no case shall the rental charge be below the basic rental charge set forth in subparagraph (A)(ii)(I).

(iii) For plans of action approved for capital grants under the Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990 [12 U.S.C. 4101 et seq.] or the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987, the rental charge for each dwelling unit shall be at the minimum basic rental charge set forth in subparagraph (A)(ii)(I) or such greater amount, not exceeding the lower of: (I) the fair market rental charge set forth in subparagraph (A)(iii)(I); or (II) the actual rent paid for a comparable unit in comparable unassisted housing in the market area in which the housing assisted under this section is located, as represents 30 percent of the tenant's adjusted income.

(C) With respect to those projects which the Secretary determines have separate utility metering paid by the tenants for some or all dwelling units, the Secretary may—

(i) permit the basic rental charge and the fair market rental charge to be determined on the basis of operating the project without the payment of the cost of utility services used by such dwelling units; and

(ii) permit the charging of a rental for such dwelling units at such an amount less than 30 percent of a tenant's adjusted income as the Secretary determines represents a proportionate decrease for the utility charges to be paid by such tenant, but in no case shall rental be lower than 25 percent of a tenant's adjusted income.

(2) With respect to 20 per centum of the dwelling units in any project made subject to a contract under this section after August 22, 1974, the Secretary shall make, and contract to make, additional assistance payments to the project owner on behalf of tenants whose incomes are too low for them to afford the basic rentals (including the amount allowed for utilities in the case of a project with separate utility metering) with 30 per centum of their adjusted income. The additional assistance payments authorized by this paragraph with respect to any dwelling unit shall be the amount required to reduce the rental payment (including the amount allowed for utilities in the case of a project with separate utility metering) by the tenant to the highest of the following amounts, rounded to the nearest dollar:

(A) 30 per centum of the tenant's monthly adjusted income;

(B) 10 per centum of the tenant's monthly income; or

(C) if the family is receiving payments for welfare assistance from a public agency and a part of such payments, adjusted in accordance with the family's actual housing costs, is specifically designated by such agency to meet the family's housing costs, the portion of such payments which is so designated.

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this paragraph, the Secretary may—

(A) reduce such 20 per centum requirement in the case of any project if he determines that such action is necessary to assure the economic viability of the project; or

(B) increase such 20 per centum requirement in the case of any project if he determines that such action is necessary and feasible in order to assure, insofar as is practicable, that there is in the project a reasonable range in the income levels of tenants, or that such action is to be taken to meet the housing needs of elderly or handicapped families.

(3) The Secretary shall utilize amounts credited to the fund described in subsection (g) of this section for the sole purpose of carrying out the purposes of section 201 of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1978. No payments may be made from such fund unless approved in an appropriation Act. No amount may be so approved for any fiscal year beginning after September 30, 1994.

(4) To ensure that eligible tenants occupying that number of units with respect to which assistance was being provided under this subsection immediately prior to November 30, 1983, receive the benefit of assistance contracted for under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall offer annually to amend contracts entered into under this subsection with owners of projects assisted but not subject to mortgages insured under this section to provide sufficient payments to cover 100 percent of the necessary rent increases and changes in the incomes of eligible tenants, subject to the availability of authority for such purpose under section 1437c(c) of title 42. The Secretary shall take such actions as may be necessary to ensure that payments, including payments that reflect necessary rent increases and changes in the incomes of tenants, are made on a timely basis for all units covered by contracts entered into under paragraph (2).

(5)(A) In order to induce advances by owners for capital improvements (excluding any owner contributions that may be required by the Secretary as a condition for assistance under section 201 of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1978) to benefit projects assisted under this section, in establishing basic rental charges and fair market rental charges under paragraph (1) the Secretary may include an amount that would permit a return of such advances with interest to the owner out of project income, on such terms and conditions as the Secretary may determine. Any resulting increase in rent contributions shall be—

(i) to a level not exceeding the lower of 30 percent of the adjusted income of the tenant or the published existing fair market rent for comparable housing established under section 1437f(c) of title 42;

(ii) phased in equally over a period of not less than 3 years, if such increase is 30 percent or more; and

(iii) limited to not more than 10 percent per year if such increase is more than 10 percent but less than 30 percent.

(B) Assistance under section 1437f of title 42 shall be provided, to the extent available under appropriations Acts, if necessary to mitigate any adverse effects on income-eligible tenants.

(6) Repealed. Pub. L. 104–99, title IV, §405(d)(2), Jan. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 45.

(7) The Secretary shall determine whether and under what conditions the provisions of this subsection shall apply to mortgages sold by the Secretary on a negotiated basis.

(1) The project owner shall, as required by the Secretary, accumulate, safeguard, and periodically pay the Secretary or such other entity as determined by the Secretary and upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary deems appropriate, all rental charges collected on a unit-by-unit basis in excess of the basic rental charges. Unless otherwise directed by the Secretary, such excess charges shall be credited to a reserve used by the Secretary to make additional assistance payments as provided in paragraph (3) of subsection (f) of this section.

(2) Notwithstanding any other requirements of this subsection, a project owner may retain some or all of such excess charges for project use if authorized by the Secretary. Such excess charges shall be used for the project and upon terms and conditions established by the Secretary, unless the Secretary permits the owner to retain funds for non-project use after a determination that the project is well-maintained housing in good condition and that the owner has not engaged in material adverse financial or managerial actions or omissions as described in section 516 of the Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act of 1997. In connection with the retention of funds for non-project use, the Secretary may require the project owner to enter into a binding commitment (which shall be applicable to any subsequent owner) to ensure that the owner will continue to operate the project in accordance with all low-income affordability restrictions for the project in connection with the Federal assistance for the project for a period having a duration of not less than the term of the existing affordability restrictions plus an additional 5 years.

(3) The Secretary shall not withhold approval of the retention by the owner of such excess charges because of the existence of unpaid excess charges if such unpaid amount is being remitted to the Secretary over a period of time in accordance with a workout agreement with the Secretary, unless the Secretary determines that the owner is in violation of the workout agreement.

In addition to establishing the requirements specified in subsection (e) of this section, the Secretary is authorized to make such rules and regulations, to enter into such agreements, and to adopt such procedures as he may deem necessary or desirable to carry out the provisions of this section.

(1) There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section, including such sums as may be necessary to make interest reduction payments under contracts entered into by the Secretary under this section. The aggregate amount of outstanding contracts to make such payments shall not exceed amounts approved in appropriation Acts, and payments pursuant to such contracts shall not exceed $75,000,000 per annum prior to July 1, 1969, which maximum dollar amount shall be increased by $125,000,000 on July 1, 1969, by $150,000,000 on July 1, 1970, by $200,000,000 on July 1, 1971 and by $75,000,000 on July 1, 1974. The Secretary shall utilize, to the extent necessary after September 30, 1984, any authority under this section that is recaptured either as the result of the conversion of housing projects covered by assistance under subsection (f)(2) of this section to contracts for assistance under section 1437f of title 42 or otherwise for the purpose of making assistance payments, including amendments as provided in subsection (f)(4) of this section, with respect to housing projects assisted, but not subject to mortgages insured, under this section that remain covered by assistance under subsection (f)(2) of this section.

(2) Contracts for assistance payments under this section may be entered into only with respect to tenants whose incomes do not exceed 80 per centum of the median family income for the area, as determined by the Secretary with adjustments for smaller and larger families, except that the Secretary may establish income ceilings higher or lower than 80 per centum of the median for the area on the basis of his findings that such variations are necessary because of prevailing levels of construction costs, unusually high or low family incomes, or other factors.

(3) Not less than 10 per centum of the total amount of contracts for assistance payments authorized by appropriation Acts to be made after June 30, 1974, shall be available for use only with respect to dwellings, or dwelling units in projects, which are approved by the Secretary prior to rehabilitation.

(4) At least 20 per centum of the total amount of contracts for assistance payments authorized in appropriation Acts to be made after June 30, 1974, shall be available for use only with respect to projects which are planned in whole or in part for occupancy by elderly or handicapped families. As used in this paragraph, the term “elderly families” means families which consist of two or more persons the head of which (or his spouse) is sixty-two years of age or over or is handicapped. Such term also means a single person who is sixty-two years of age or over or is handicapped. A person shall be considered handicapped if such person is determined, pursuant to regulations issued by the Secretary, to have an impairment which (A) is expected to be of long-continued and indefinite duration, (B) substantially impedes his ability to live independently, and (C) is of such a nature that such ability could be improved by more suitable housing conditions.

(1) The Secretary is authorized, upon application by the mortgagee, to insure a mortgage (including advances on such mortgage during construction) which meets the requirements of this subsection. Commitments for the insurance of such mortgages may be issued by the Secretary prior to the date of their execution or disbursement thereon, upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe.

(2) As used in this subsection—

(A) the terms “family” and “families” shall have the same meaning as in section 1715*l* of this title;

(B) the term “elderly or handicapped families” shall have the same meaning as in section 1701q 3 of this title; and

(C) the terms “mortgage”, “mortgagee”, and “mortgagor” shall have the same meaning as in section 1707 of this title.

(3) To be eligible for insurance under this subsection, a mortgage shall meet the requirements specified in subsections (d)(1) and (d)(3) of section 1715*l* of this title, except as such requirements are modified by this subsection. In the case of a project financed with a mortgage insured under this subsection which involves a mortgagor other than a cooperative or a private nonprofit corporation or association and which is sold to a cooperative or a nonprofit corporation or association, the Secretary is further authorized to insure under this subsection a mortgage given by such purchaser in an amount not exceeding the appraised value of the property at the time of purchase, which value shall be based upon a mortgage amount on which the debt service can be met from the income of the property when operated on a nonprofit basis, after payment of all operating expenses, taxes, and required reserves.

(4) A mortgage to be insured under this subsection shall—

(A) be executed by a mortgagor eligible under subsection (d)(3) or (e) of section 1715*l* of this title;

(B) bear interest at a rate not to exceed such percent per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time as the Secretary determines is necessary to meet the mortgage market, taking into consideration the yields on mortgages in the primary and secondary markets; and

(C) provide for complete amortization by periodic payments within such term as the Secretary may prescribe.

(5) The property or project shall—

(A) comply with such standards and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe to establish the acceptability of the property for mortgage insurance and may include such nondwelling facilities as the Secretary deems adequate and appropriate to serve the occupants and the surrounding neighborhood: *Provided*, That the project shall be predominantly residential and any nondwelling facility included in the mortgage shall be found by the Secretary to contribute to the economic feasibility of the project, and the Secretary shall give due consideration to the possible effect of the project on other business enterprises in the community: *Provided further*, That, in the case of a project designed primarily for occupancy by elderly or handicapped families, the project may include related facilities for use by elderly or handicapped families, including cafeterias or dining halls, community rooms, workshops, infirmaries, or other inpatient or outpatient health facilities, and other essential service facilities;

(B) include five or more dwelling units, but such units, in the case of a project designed primarily for occupancy by displaced, elderly, or handicapped families, need not, with the approval of the Secretary, contain kitchen facilities; and

(C) be designed primarily for use as a rental project to be occupied by lower income families or by elderly or handicapped families: *Provided*, That lower income persons who are less than sixty-two years of age shall be eligible for occupancy in such a project.

In any case in which it is determined in accordance with regulations of the Secretary that facilities in existence or under construction on December 31, 1970, which could appropriately be used for classroom purposes are available in any such property or project and that public schools in the community are overcrowded due in part to the attendance at such schools of residents of the property or project, such facilities may be used for such purposes to the extent permitted in such regulations (without being subject to any of the requirements of the first proviso in subparagraph (A) except the requirement that the project be predominantly residential).

(6) With the approval of the Secretary, the mortgagor may sell the individual dwelling units to lower income or elderly or handicapped purchasers. The Secretary may consent to the release of the mortgagor from his liability under the mortgage and the credit instrument secured thereby, or consent to the release of parts of the mortgaged property from the lien of the mortgage, upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, and the mortgage may provide for such release.

As used in this section the term “tenant” includes a member of a cooperative; the term “rental housing project” includes a cooperative housing project; and the terms “rental” and “rental charge” mean, with respect to members of a cooperative, the charges under the occupancy agreements between such members and the cooperative.

The Secretary shall from time to time allocate and transfer to the Secretary of Agriculture, for use (in accordance with the terms and conditions of this section) in rural areas and small towns, a reasonable portion of the total authority to contract to make periodic interest reduction payments as approved in appropriation Acts under subsection (i) of this section.

For the purpose of this section the term “income” means income from all sources of each member of the household, as determined in accordance with criteria prescribed by the Secretary, except that any amounts not actually received by the family may not be considered as income under this subsection. In determining amounts to be excluded from income, the Secretary may, in the Secretary's discretion, take into account the number of minor children in the household and such other factors as the Secretary may determine are appropriate.

No mortgage shall be insured under this section after November 30, 1983, except pursuant to a commitment to insure before that date. A mortgage may be insured under this section after the date in the preceding sentence in order to refinance a mortgage insured under this section or to finance pursuant to subsection (j)(3) of this section the purchase, by a cooperative or nonprofit corporation or association, of a project assisted under this section.

The Secretary is authorized to enter into agreements with any State or agency thereof under which such State or agency thereof contracts to make interest reduction payments, subject to all the terms and conditions specified in this section and in rules, regulations and procedures adopted by the Secretary under this section, with respect to all or a part of a project covered by a mortgage insured under this section. Any funds provided by a State or agency thereof for the purpose of making interest reduction payments shall be administered, disbursed and accounted for by the Secretary in accordance with the agreements entered into by the Secretary with the State or agency thereof and for such fees as shall be specified therein. Before entering into any agreements pursuant to this subsection the Secretary shall require assurances satisfactory to him that the State or agency thereof is able to provide sufficient funds for the making of interest reduction payments for the full period specified in the interest reduction contract.

The Secretary is authorized to enter into contracts with State or local agencies approved by him to provide for the monitoring and supervision by such agencies of the management by private sponsors of projects assisted under this section. Such contracts shall require that such agencies promptly report to the Secretary any deficiencies in the management of such projects in order to enable the Secretary to take corrective action at the earliest practicable time.

The Secretary may provide assistance under section 1437f of title 42 with respect to residents of units in a project assisted under this section. In entering into contracts under section 1437c(c) of title 42 with respect to the additional authority provided on October 1, 1980, the Secretary shall not utilize more than $20,000,000 of such additional authority to provide assistance for elderly or handicapped families which, at the time of applying for assistance under such section 1437f of title 42, are residents of a project assisted under this section and are expending more than 50 percent of their income on rental payments.

The Secretary shall, not later than 45 days after receipt of an application by the mortgagee, provide interest reduction and rental assistance payments for the benefit of projects assisted under this section whose mortgages were made by State or local housing finance agencies or State or local government agencies for a term equal to the remaining mortgage term to maturity on projects assisted under this section to the extent of—

(1) unexpended balances of amounts of authority as set forth in certain letter agreements between the Department of Housing and Urban Development and such State or local housing finance agencies or State or local government agencies, and

(2) existing allocation under section 236 contracts on projects whose mortgages were made by State or local housing finance agencies or State or local government agencies which are not being funded, to the extent of such excess allocation, for any purposes permitted under the provisions of this section, including without limitation rent supplement and rental assistance payment unit increases and mortgage increases for any eligible purpose under this section, including without limitation operating deficit loans.

An application shall be eligible for assistance under the previous sentence only if the mortgagee submits the application within 548 days after February 5, 1988, along with a certification of the mortgagee that amounts hereunder are to be utilized only for the purpose of either (A) reducing rents or rent increases to tenants, or (B) making repairs or otherwise increasing the economic viability of a related project. Unexpended balances referred to in the first sentence of this subsection which remain after disposition of all such applications is favorably concluded shall be rescinded. The calculation of the amount of assistance to be provided under an interest reduction contract pursuant to this subsection shall be made on the basis of an assumed mortgage term equal to the lesser of a 40-year amortization period or the term of that part of the mortgage which relates to the additional assistance provided under this subsection, even though the additional assistance may be provided for a shorter period. The authority conferred by this subsection to provide interest reduction and rental assistance payments shall be available only to the extent approved in appropriation Acts.

The Secretary may make grants and loans for the capital costs of rehabilitation to owners of projects that meet the eligibility and other criteria set forth in, and in accordance with, this subsection.

A project may be eligible for capital assistance under this subsection under a grant or loan only—

(A) if—

(i) the project is or was insured under any provision of subchapter II of this chapter;

(ii) the project was assisted under section 1437f of title 42 on October 27, 1997; and

(iii) the project mortgage was not held by a State agency as of October 27, 1997;

(B) if the project owner agrees to maintain the housing quality standards as required by the Secretary;

(C) the project owner enters into such binding commitments as the Secretary may require (which shall be applicable to any subsequent owner) to ensure that the owner will continue to operate the project in accordance with all low-income affordability restrictions for the project in connection with the Federal assistance for the project for a period having a duration that is not less than the period referred to in paragraph (5)(C);

(D)(i) if the Secretary determines that the owner or purchaser of the project has not engaged in material adverse financial or managerial actions or omissions with regard to such project; or

(ii) if the Secretary elects to make such determination, that the owner or purchaser of the project has not engaged in material adverse financial or managerial actions or omissions with regard to other projects of such owner or purchaser that are federally assisted or financed with a loan from, or mortgage insured or guaranteed by, an agency of the Federal Government;

(iii) material adverse financial or managerial actions or omissions, as the terms are used in this subparagraph, include—

(I) materially violating any Federal, State, or local law or regulation with regard to this project or any other federally assisted project, after receipt of notice and an opportunity to cure;

(II) materially breaching a contract for assistance under section 1437f of title 42, after receipt of notice and an opportunity to cure;

(III) materially violating any applicable regulatory or other agreement with the Secretary or a participating administrative entity, after receipt of notice and an opportunity to cure;

(IV) repeatedly failing to make mortgage payments at times when project income was sufficient to maintain and operate the property;

(V) materially failing to maintain the property according to housing quality standards after receipt of notice and a reasonable opportunity to cure; or

(VI) committing any act or omission that would warrant suspension or debarment by the Secretary; and

(iv) the term “owner” as used in this subparagraph, in addition to it having the same meaning as in section 1437f(f) of title 42, also means an affiliate of the owner; the term “purchaser” as used in this subsection means any private person or entity, including a cooperative, an agency of the Federal Government, or a public housing agency, that, upon purchase of the project, would have the legal right to lease or sublease dwelling units in the project, and also means an affiliate of the purchaser; the terms “affiliate of the owner” and “affiliate of the purchaser” means any person or entity (including, but not limited to, a general partner or managing member, or an officer of either) that controls an owner or purchaser, is controlled by an owner or purchaser, or is under common control with the owner or purchaser; the term “control” means the direct or indirect power (under contract, equity ownership, the right to vote or determine a vote, or otherwise) to direct the financial, legal, beneficial or other interests of the owner or purchaser; and

(E) if the project owner demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary—

(i) using information in a comprehensive needs assessment, that capital assistance under this subsection from a grant or loan (as appropriate) is needed for rehabilitation of the project; and

(ii) that project income is not sufficient to support such rehabilitation.

Amounts from a grant or loan under this subsection may be used only for projects eligible under paragraph (2) for the purposes of—

(A) payment into project replacement reserves;

(B) debt service payments on non-Federal rehabilitation loans; and

(C) payment of nonrecurring maintenance and capital improvements, under such terms and conditions as are determined by the Secretary.

The Secretary shall provide in any grant or loan agreement under this subsection that the grant or loan shall be terminated if the project fails to meet housing quality standards, as applicable on October 27, 1997, or any successor standards for the physical conditions of projects, as are determined by the Secretary.

The Secretary shall include in a grant or loan agreement under this subsection a requirement for the project owners to maintain such affordability and use restrictions as the Secretary determines to be appropriate and consistent with paragraph (2)(C).

The Secretary may include in a grant or loan agreement under this subsection such other terms and conditions as the Secretary determines to be necessary.

A loan under this subsection—

(A) shall provide amounts for the eligible uses under paragraph (3) in a single loan disbursement of loan principal;

(B) shall be repaid, as to principal and interest, on behalf of the borrower using amounts recaptured from contracts for interest reduction payments pursuant to clause (i) or (ii) of paragraph (7)(A);

(C) shall have a term to maturity of a duration not shorter than the remaining period for which the interest reduction payments for the insured mortgage or mortgages that fund repayment of the loan would have continued after extinguishment or writedown of the mortgage (in accordance with the terms of such mortgage in effect immediately before such extinguishment or writedown);

(D) shall bear interest at a rate, as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, that is based upon the current market yields on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States having comparable maturities; and

(E) shall involve a principal obligation of an amount not exceeding the amount that can be repaid using amounts described in subparagraph (B) over the term determined in accordance with subparagraph (C), with interest at the rate determined under subparagraph (D).

In addition to the authorities set forth in subsection (p) of this section, the Secretary may delegate to State and local governments the responsibility for the administration of grants under this subsection. Any such government may carry out such delegated responsibilities directly or under contracts.

In addition to other eligible purposes, amounts of grants under this subsection may be made available for costs of administration under subparagraph (A).

For purposes of carrying out this subsection, the Secretary may make available amounts that are unobligated amounts for contracts for interest reduction payments—

(i) that were previously obligated for contracts for interest reduction payments under this section until the insured mortgage under this section was extinguished;

(ii) that become available as a result of the outstanding principal balance of a mortgage having been written down;

(iii) that are uncommitted balances within the limitation on maximum payments that may have been, before October 27, 1997, permitted in any fiscal year; or

(iv) that become available from any other source.

The Secretary may liquidate obligations entered into under this subsection under section 1305(10) of title 31.

In making capital grants under the terms of this subsection, using the amounts that the Secretary has recaptured from contracts for interest reduction payments, the Secretary shall ensure that the rates and amounts of outlays do not at any time exceed the rates and amounts of outlays that would have been experienced if the insured mortgage had not been extinguished or the principal amount had not been written down, and the interest reduction payments that the Secretary has recaptured had continued in accordance with the terms in effect immediately prior to such extinguishment or write-down.

In making loans under this subsection using the amounts that the Secretary has recaptured from contracts for interest reduction payments pursuant to clause (i) or (ii) of paragraph (7)(A)—

(i) the Secretary may use such recaptured amounts for costs (as such term is defined in section 661a of title 2) of such loans; and

(ii) the Secretary may make loans in any fiscal year only to the extent or in such amounts that amounts are used under clause (i) to cover costs of such loans.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §236, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title II, §201(a), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 498; amended Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §§101(e), 107(b), 108, title IV, §§412(c), 418(b), Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 379, 381, 398, 402; Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §§101(e), 102(b), 108, 114(b), 114[115](b), 117(c), 118(a), 121, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1770, 1772–1776; Pub. L. 92–503, §1(e), Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 906; Pub. L. 93–85, §1(e), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 220; Pub. L. 93–117, §1(e), Oct. 2, 1973, 87 Stat. 421; Pub. L. 93–383, title II, §212, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 672; Pub. L. 94–173, §4(b), Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 1027; Pub. L. 94–375, §4, Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1070; Pub. L. 95–128, title II, §206(a)–(c), title III, §301(e), Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1130, 1131; Pub. L. 95–406, §1(e), Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 879; Pub. L. 95–557, title II, §201(k), formerly (i), title III, §301(e), Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2087, 2096, as renumbered Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §321(f)(2)(A), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 400; Pub. L. 96–71, §1(e), Sept. 28, 1979, 93 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 96–105, §1(e), Nov. 8, 1979, 93 Stat. 794; Pub. L. 96–153, title II, §§203(b), 205(b), title III, §301(e), Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1107, 1108, 1111; Pub. L. 96–372, §§1(e), 2, Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1363; Pub. L. 96–399, title II, §204(b), 211, title III, §301(e), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1629, 1636, 1638; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §§321(f)(3), 322(f), 331(e), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 400, 403, 413; Pub. L. 97–289, §1(e), Oct. 6, 1982, 96 Stat. 1230; Pub. L. 98–35, §1(e), May 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 98–109, §1(e), Oct. 1, 1983, 97 Stat. 745; Pub. L. 98–181, title II, §§217(c), 218, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1186, 1187; Pub. L. 98–479, title I, §§102(a)(2), 104(a)(4), title II, §204(a)(9), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2221, 2225, 2232; Pub. L. 100–242, title I, §§167(a)(1), (b), 170(b), 186(a), title IV, §§429(f), 430(a), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1864, 1867, 1877, 1919; Pub. L. 101–235, title II, §203(a)(1), title III, §301, Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2037, 2043; Pub. L. 101–625, title V, §578(a), title VI, §§611(a), (b)(1), 612(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4244, 4278, 4279; Pub. L. 102–550, title III, §331, title IV, §408(b), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3773, 3778; Pub. L. 104–99, title IV, §405(d), Jan. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 44; Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(e) [title II, §228], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–257, 1321–292; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 104–204, title II, §221, Sept. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 2906; Pub. L. 105–65, title V, §531, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1409; Pub. L. 105–276, title II, §227, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2490; Pub. L. 106–74, title V, §§532(a)–(d), 533, Oct. 20, 1999, 113 Stat. 1116, 1117, 1119; Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §216], Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1441, 1441A–28; Pub. L. 106–569, title VIII, §861(a), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 3025.)

The Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (f)(1)(B)(iii), is title II of Pub. L. 100–242, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1877, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 42 (§4101 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4101 of this title and Tables.

The Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987, referred to in subsec. (f)(1)(B)(iii), is title II of Pub. L. 100–242, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1877, which, as amended by Pub. L. 101–625, is known as the Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990. Subtitles A and B of title II, which were formerly set out as a note under section 1715*l* of this title and which amended section 1715z–6 of this title, were amended generally by Pub. L. 101–625 and are classified to subchapter I (§4101 et seq.) of chapter 42 of this title. Subtitles C and D of title II amended section 1715z–15 of this title and sections 1437f, 1472, 1485, and 1487 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Another subtitle C of title II of Pub. L. 100–242, as added by Pub. L. 102–550, is classified generally to subchapter II (§4141 et seq.) of chapter 42 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4101 of this title and Tables.

Section 201 of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1978, referred to in subsec. (f)(3), (5)(A), is section 201 of Pub. L. 95–557, title II, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2084, which enacted section 1715z–1a of this title and amended this section.

Section 516 of the Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act of 1997, referred to in subsec. (g)(2), is section 516 of Pub. L. 105–65, which is set out as a note under section 1437f of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Section 1701q of this title, referred to in subsec. (j)(2)(B), was amended generally by Pub. L. 101–625, title VIII, §801(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4297, and, as so amended, no longer defines the term “elderly or handicapped families”.

Section 236 contracts, referred to in subsec. (r)(2), refer to contracts under this section.

Subsec. (*o*), added as subsec. (n) by Pub. L. 91–609, §121(a), designated subsec. (*o*) in the Code as a prior subsec. (n) was added by Pub. L. 91–152, and amended by Pub. L. 91–609, §101(e).

**2000**—Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 106–569, §861(a)(1), substituted “Notwithstanding” for “Subject to paragraph (3) and notwithstanding”.

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 106–569, §861(a)(2), redesignated par. (4) as (3) and struck out former par. (3) which related to authority under par. (2) to retain and use excess charges.

Subsec. (g)(3)(A). Pub. L. 106–377 substituted “fiscal years 2000 and 2001” for “fiscal year 2000”.

Subsec. (g)(4). Pub. L. 106–569, §861(a)(2), redesignated par. (4) as (3).

**1999**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 106–74, §532(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 106–74, §532(d), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which required that basic and fair market rental charges be established with the approval of the Secretary and that the rental charge for each dwelling unit be within the basic and fair market charges, subject to certain exceptions and refinements.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 106–74, §532(b), (c), designated existing provisions as par. (1), struck out at end “Notwithstanding any other requirements of this subsection, an owner of a project with a mortgage insured under this section, or a project previously assisted under subsection (b) of this section but without a mortgage insured under this section if the project mortgage was insured under section 1713 of this title before July 30, 1998 pursuant to section 1715n(f) of this title and assisted under subsection (b) of this section, may retain some or all of such excess charges for project use if authorized by the Secretary and upon such terms and conditions as established by the Secretary.”, and added pars. (2) to (4).

Subsec. (s). Pub. L. 106–74, §533(a)(1), substituted “Grants and loans for rehabilitation of multifamily projects” for “Grant authority” in heading.

Subsec. (s)(1). Pub. L. 106–74, §533(a)(2), inserted “and loans” after “grants”.

Subsec. (s)(2). Pub. L. 106–74, §533(a)(3)(A), substituted “capital assistance under this subsection under a grant or loan only” for “capital grant assistance under this subsection” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (s)(2)(C). Pub. L. 106–74, §533(b)(1)(B), added subpar. (C). Former subpar. (C) redesignated (D).

Subsec. (s)(2)(D). Pub. L. 106–74, §533(b)(1)(A), redesignated subpar. (C) as (D). Former subpar. (D) redesignated (E).

Subsec. (s)(2)(D)(i). Pub. L. 106–74, §533(a)(3)(B), substituted “capital assistance under this subsection from a grant or loan (as appropriate)” for “capital grant assistance”.

Subsec. (s)(2)(E). Pub. L. 106–74, §533(b)(1)(A), redesignated subpar. (D) as (E).

Subsec. (s)(3). Pub. L. 106–74, §533(a)(4), in par. heading, substituted “Eligible uses” for “Eligible purposes” and in introductory provisions, substituted “Amounts from a grant or loan under this subsection may be used only for projects eligible under paragraph (2) for the purposes of—” for “The Secretary may make grants to the owners of eligible projects for the purposes of—”.

Subsec. (s)(4). Pub. L. 106–74, §533(a)(5)(A), substituted “Grant and loan agreements” for “Grant agreement” in heading.

Subsec. (s)(4)(A). Pub. L. 106–74, §533(a)(5)(B), inserted “or loan” after “grant” in two places.

Subsec. (s)(4)(B). Pub. L. 106–74, §533(a)(5)(B), (b)(2), inserted “or loan” after “grant” and “and consistent with paragraph (2)(C)” before period at end.

Subsec. (s)(4)(C). Pub. L. 106–74, §533(a)(5)(B), inserted “or loan” after “grant”.

Subsec. (s)(5). Pub. L. 106–74, §533(a)(9), added par. (5). Former par. (5) redesignated (6).

Pub. L. 106–74, §533(a)(6), which directed the insertion of “or loan” after “grant” each place it appeared, could not be executed because the word “grant” did not appear.

Subsec. (s)(6). Pub. L. 106–74, §533(a)(8), redesignated par. (5) as (6). Former par. (6) redesignated (7).

Subsec. (s)(6)(D). Pub. L. 106–74, §533(a)(7), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (s)(7). Pub. L. 106–74, §533(a)(8), redesignated par. (6) as (7).

**1998**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–276 amended subsec. (g) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (g) read as follows: “The project owner shall, as required by the Secretary, accumulate, safeguard, and periodically pay the Secretary or such other entity as determined by the Secretary and upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary deems appropriate, all rental charges collected on a unit-by-unit basis in excess of the basic rental charges. Unless otherwise directed by the Secretary, such excess charges shall be credited to a reserve fund to be used by the Secretary to make additional assistance payments as provided in paragraph (3) of subsection (f) of this section. However, a project owner with a mortgage insured under this section may retain some or all of such excess charges for project use if authorized by the Secretary and upon such terms and conditions as established by the Secretary.”

**1997**—Subsec. (s). Pub. L. 105–65 added subsec. (s).

**1996**—Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 104–204, §221(a)(2), which directed the amendment of second sentence by striking “or (ii) the fair market rental established under section 1437f(c) of title 42 for the market area in which the housing is located, or (iii) the actual rent (as determined by the Secretary) paid for a comparable unit in comparable unassisted housing in the market area in which the housing assisted under this section is located,” after “pursuant to this paragraph,”, was executed by striking language which did not include word “or” before “(ii)” to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the amendment by Pub. L. 104–134, §101(e) [title II, §228(a)]. See below.

Pub. L. 104–204, §221(a)(1), (3), struck out “the lower of (i)” after “amount, not exceeding”, and inserted after second sentence “However, in the case of a project which contains more than 5,000 units, is subject to an interest reduction payments contract, and is financed under a State or local program, the Secretary may reduce the rental charge ceiling, but in no case shall the rent be below basic rent. For plans of action approved for Capital Grants under the Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990 (LIHPRHA) or the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987 (ELIHPA), the rental charge for each dwelling unit shall be at the basic rental charge or such greater amount, not exceeding the lower of (i) the fair market rental charge determined pursuant to this paragraph, or (ii) the actual rent paid for a comparable unit in comparable unassisted housing in the market area in which the housing assisted under this section is located, as represents 30 percent of the tenant's adjusted income, but in no case shall the rent be below basic rent.”

Pub. L. 104–134, §101(e) [title II, §228(a)], in second sentence, struck out “or” before “(ii)” and substituted “located, or (iii) the actual rent (as determined by the Secretary) paid for a comparable unit in comparable unassisted housing in the market area in which the housing assisted under this section is located,” for “located,”.

Pub. L. 104–99, §405(d)(1), substituted “The rental charge for each dwelling unit shall be at the basic rental charge or such greater amount, not exceeding the lower of (i) the fair market rental charge determined pursuant to this paragraph, or (ii) the fair market rental established under section 1437f(c) of title 42 for the market area in which the housing is located, as represents 30 per centum of the tenant's adjusted income.” for “The rental for each dwelling unit shall be at the basic rental charge or such greater amount, not exceeding the fair market rental charge, as represents 30 per centum of the tenant's adjusted income.”

Subsec. (f)(6). Pub. L. 104–99, §405(d)(2), struck out par. (6) which read as follows:

“(6)(A) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), tenants whose incomes exceed 80 percent of area median income shall pay as rent the lower of the following amounts: (A) 30 percent of the family's adjusted monthly income; or (B) the relevant fair market rental established under section 1437f(b) of title 42 for the jurisdiction in which the housing is located.

“(B) An owner shall phase in any increase in rents for current tenants resulting from subparagraph (A). Rental charges collected in excess of the basic rental charges shall continue to be credited to the reserve fund described in subsection (g)(1) of this section.”

Subsec. (f)(7). Pub. L. 104–204, §221(b), added par. (7).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–204, §221(c), amended subsec. (g) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (g) read as follows: “The project owner shall, as required by the Secretary, accumulate, safeguard, and periodically pay to the Secretary all rental charges collected on a unit-by-unit basis in excess of the basic rental charges. Such excess charges shall be credited to a reserve fund to be used by the Secretary to make additional assistance payments as provided in paragraph (3) of subsection (f) of this section.”

Pub. L. 104–134, §101(e) [title II, §228(b)], inserted “on a unit-by-unit basis” after “collected”.

**1992**—Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 102–550, §408(b), substituted “September 30, 1994” for “September 30, 1992”.

Subsec. (j)(4)(A). Pub. L. 102–550, §331, struck out “private” before “mortgagor”.

**1990**—Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 101–625, §578(a), substituted “September 30, 1992” for “September 30, 1991”.

Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 101–625, §611(b)(1), added par. (5).

Subsec. (f)(6). Pub. L. 101–625, §612(a), added par. (6).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 101–625, §611(a), inserted before period at end of first sentence “, except that any amounts not actually received by the family may not be considered as income under this subsection”.

**1989**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–235, §203(a)(1), inserted “public entity,” after “dividend entity,”.

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 101–235, §301, substituted “September 30, 1991” for “September 30, 1989”.

**1988**—Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 100–242, §186(a), substituted “September 30, 1989” for “September 30, 1985”.

Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 100–242, §167(a)(1), substituted “100 percent” for “90 per centum”.

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 100–242, §§170(b), 429(f), amended par. (1) identically, substituting “subsection (f)(4) of this section” for “subsection (h) of this section”.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 100–242, §167(b), inserted at end “A mortgage may be insured under this section after the date in the preceding sentence in order to refinance a mortgage insured under this section or to finance pursuant to subsection (j)(3) of this section the purchase, by a cooperative or nonprofit corporation or association, of a project assisted under this section.”

Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 100–242, §430(a), added subsec. (r).

**1984**—Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 98–479, §102(a)(2), struck out “up to” before “90 per centum”.

Subsec. (j)(4)(B). Pub. L. 98–479, §104(a)(4), substituted “bear interest at a rate not to exceed such percent per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time as the Secretary determines is necessary to meet the mortgage market, taking into consideration the yields on mortgages in the primary and secondary markets” for “bear interest (exclusive of premium charges for insurance and service charges, if any) at not to exceed such per centum per annum (not in excess of 6 per centum), on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time, as the Secretary finds necessary to meet the mortgage market”.

Subsec. (j)(5). Pub. L. 98–479, §204(a)(9), substituted “of residents” for “or residents” in provision following subpar. (C).

**1983**—Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 98–181, §217(c), substituted “September 30, 1985” for “September 30, 1982”.

Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 98–181, §218(a), added par. (4).

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 98–181, §218(b), inserted provision relating to utilization by the Secretary of any authority under this section that it recaptured.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 98–109 substituted “November 30, 1983” for “September 30, 1983”.

Pub. L. 98–35 substituted “September 30, 1983” for “May 20, 1983”.

**1982**—Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 97–289 substituted “May 20, 1983” for “September 30, 1982”.

**1981**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97–35, §322(f)(1), substituted “one year” for “two years”.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 97–35, §322(f)(2), (3), substituted provisions respecting applicability of specific percentage of tenant's adjusted income, for provisions respecting applicability of specific percentage of tenant's income.

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 97–35, §322(f)(4)–(6), substituted provisions respecting applicability of specific percentage of tenant's adjusted income, for provisions respecting applicability of specific percentage of tenant's income, and struck out provisions relating to reduction of rental payment.

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 97–35, §§321(f)(3), 322(f)(7), struck out subpar. (A) which related to establishment of an initial operating expense level, redesignated subpar. (B) as entire provision and substituted “1982” for “1981”.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 97–35, §322(f)(8), substituted provisions defining “income” as income from all sources of each member of the household, subject to certain exclusions, for provisions defining term “income” as income determined under section 1437f of title 42.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 97–35, §331(e), substituted “1982” for “1981”.

**1980**—Subsec. (f)(3)(B). Pub. L. 96–399, §204(b), substituted “September 30, 1981” for “October 15, 1980” in third sentence, and struck out “on or after October 1, 1978, or credited to such fund prior to October 1, 1978, but remaining unobligation on October 31, 1978,” in first sentence.

Pub. L. 96–372, §2, substituted “October 15, 1980” for “September 30, 1980”.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 96–399, §301(e), substituted “September 30, 1981” for “October 15, 1980”.

Pub. L. 96–372, §1(e), substituted “October 15, 1980” for “September 30, 1980”.

Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 96–399, §211, added subsec. (q).

**1979**—Subsec. (f)(3)(B). Pub. L. 96–153, §205(b), substituted “after October 1, 1978, or credited to such fund prior to October 1, 1978, but remaining unobligated on October 31, 1978,” for “after October 1, 1978,”, and in provision relating to the restriction on approval of funds, substituted “September 30, 1980” for “September 30, 1979”.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 96–153, §203(b), substituted definition of “income” by reference to section 1437f of title 42 for provisions requiring deduction of $300 for each minor member of the family in determining the income and further providing that the earnings of a minor not be included in the income of person or family.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 96–153, §301(e), substituted “September 30, 1980” for “November 30, 1979”.

Pub. L. 96–105 substituted “November 30, 1979” for “October 31, 1979”.

Pub. L. 96–71 substituted “October 31, 1979” for “September 30, 1979.”

**1978**—Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 95–557, §201(k)(1), formerly §201(i)(1), designated existing provisions as par. (A), substituted “For each fiscal year prior to the fiscal year 1979, the” for “The”, and added par. (B).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 95–557, §201(k)(2), formerly §201(i)(2), struck out provisions authorizing, that if during any period the balance in reserve fund was adequate to meet additional assistance payments, such excess charges be credited to the appropriation authorized by subsec. (i), and be available until the end of the next fiscal year for purpose of making assistance payments with respect to rental housing projects, and that for purpose of this subsection and par. (3) of subsec. (f), initial operating expense level for any project assisted under a contract entered into prior to Oct. 12, 1977, be established by the Secretary not later than 180 days after Oct. 12, 1977.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 95–557, §301(e), substituted “September 30, 1979” for “October 31, 1978”.

Pub. L. 95–406 substituted “October 31, 1978” for “September 30, 1978”.

**1977**—Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 95–128, §206(a), (b), substituted “The Secretary is authorized to make, and shall contract to make to the extent of the moneys in the reserve fund established under subsection (g) of this section and to the further extent of funds authorized in appropriation Acts, an additional monthly assistance payment to the project owner up to the amount by which the sum of the cost of utilities and local property taxes exceeds the initial operating expense level.” for “At any time subsequent to the establishment of an initial operating expense level, the Secretary is authorized to make, and contract to make, additional assistance payments to the project owner in an amount up to the amount by which the sum of the cost of utilities and local property taxes exceeds the initial operating expense level, but not to exceed the amount required to maintain the basic rentals of any units at levels not in excess of 30 per centum or such lower per centum not less than 25 per centum as shall reflect the reduction permitted in clause (ii) of the last sentence of paragraph (1), of the income of tenants occupying such units.”, inserted sentence “Such payment shall be used by the project owner solely to effect, and there shall be, a reduction in the basic rental charges established for the project.”, and substituted “Any contract to make additional monthly assistance payments shall be for a one-year period and shall be adjusted periodically to provide, to the extent approved in appropriation Acts, for continuation of the payments and for an appropriate adjustment in the amount of the assistance payments.” for “Any contract to make additional assistance payments may be amended periodically to provide for appropriate adjustments in the amount of the assistance payments.”; and substituted in last sentence “unless the Secretary finds that the increase in the cost of utilities or local property taxes is not reasonable or not” for “only if the Secretary finds that the increase in the cost of utilities or local property taxes, is reasonable and is”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 95–128, §206(c), substituted date of enactment of Pub. L. 95–128, which is October 12, 1977, for date of enactment of Pub. L. 93–383, which was August 22, 1974.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 95–128, §301(e), substituted “September 30, 1978” for “September 30, 1977”.

**1976**—Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 94–375, §4(b), inserted “(including the amount allowed for utilities in the case of a project with separate utility metering)” after “basic rentals” and “reduce the rental payment”, and struck out “or such lower per centum as may be established pursuant to the provisions of clause (ii) of the last sentence of paragraph (1)” after “25 per centum of their income” and “25 per centum of the tenant's income”.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 94–375, §4(a), substituted “September 30, 1977” for “June 30, 1976”.

**1975**—Subsec. (j)(5)(C). Pub. L. 94–173 struck out provision limiting to 10 per centum the number of dwelling units available to lower income persons under the age of 62.

**1974**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–383, §212(1), (2), redesignated existing subsec. (f) as (f)(1) and cls. (1) and (2) as (A) and (B), respectively, and inserted provisions relating to separate utility metering and pars. (2) and (3).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 93–383, §212(3), substituted provisions authorizing the creation of a reserve fund of excess rental charges and providing for use of such fund for making additional assistance payments, for provisions authorizing the Secretary to deposit excess charges in a revolving fund used for making interest reduction payments to any housing project receiving assistance, and authorizing investment of monies in United States obligations.

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 93–383, §212(4), inserted authorization for increase by $75,000,000 on July 1, 1974.

Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 93–383, §212(5), substituted provisions relating to contracts for assistance payments and income limitations with respect to families involved in such contracts, for provisions relating to contracts for interest reduction payments, income limitations with respect to families involved in such contracts, and semiannual reports to Congressional Committees on income levels of families living in assisted projects.

Subsec. (i)(3). Pub. L. 93–383, §212(5), substituted provisions relating to availability of not less than 10 per centum of the total amount of contracts for assistance payments, for provisions relating to contracts for not more than 10 per centum of the total amount of interest reduction payments.

Subsec. (i)(4). Pub. L. 93–383, §212(5), added par. (4).

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 93–383, §212(6), substituted “June 30, 1976” for “October 1, 1974”.

Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 93–383, §212(7), added subsec. (p).

**1973**—Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 93–117 substituted “October 1, 1974” for “October 1, 1973”.

Pub. L. 93–85 substituted “October 1, 1973” for “June 30, 1973”.

**1972**—Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 92–503 substituted “June 30, 1973” for “October 1, 1972”.

**1970**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–609, §§108, 118(a), inserted definition of “mortgage insurance premium” and substituted “which may involve either new or existing construction and which” for “which prior to completion of construction or rehabilitation” before “is approved”, respectively.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 91–609, §117(c), provided for guarantee as to principal and interest by any agency of the United States and for investment of moneys in bonds or other obligations the proceeds of which will be used to directly support the residential mortgage market.

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 91–609, §§102(b), 121(b), in second sentence inserted “outstanding” before “contracts” where first appearing and substituted “$150,000,000 on July 1, 1970” and “$200,000,000 on July 1, 1971” for “$125,000,000 on July 1, 1970” and “$170,000,000 on July 1, 1971”, respectively, and in first sentence inserted “by the Secretary” after “entered into”.

Subsec. (i)(3). Pub. L. 91–609, §114[115](b)(2), added par. (3).

Subsec. (j)(5). Pub. L. 91–609, §§114(b), 114[115](b)(1), provided for use of certain housing facilities for classroom purposes where public schools in the community are overcrowded due in part to attendance of residents of the property or project, but dispensed with need for kitchen facilities in dwelling units in projects for displaced, elderly, or handicapped families.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 91–609, §101(e), substituted “October 1, 1972” for “October 1, 1971”.

Subsec. (*o*). Pub. L. 91–609, §121(a), added subsec. (*o*). See Codification note above.

**1969**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–152, §§108, 418(b), inserted proviso authorizing the Secretary to continue making interest reduction payments where the mortgage has been assigned to him, and inserted “mortgage or part thereof on a” after “with respect to a”.

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 91–152, §107(b), substituted “$125,000,000 on July 1, 1969, by $125,000,000 on July 1, 1970, and by $170,000,000 on July 1, 1971” for “$100,000,000 on July 1, 1969, and by $125,000,000 on July 1, 1970”.

Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 91–152, §412(c), required the Secretary to report semiannually instead of annually to the respective Committees on Banking and Currency of the Senate and House of Representatives.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 91–152, §101(e), added subsec. (n).

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–569 effective Dec. 27, 2000, unless effectiveness or applicability upon another date certain is specifically provided for, with provisions relating to effect of regulatory authority, see section 803 of Pub. L. 106–569, set out as a note under section 1701q of this title.

Pub. L. 106–74, title V, §532(f), Oct. 20, 1999, 113 Stat. 1119, provided that: “This section [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as a note below] shall take effect, and the amendments made by this section are made and shall apply, on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 20, 1999].”

Pub. L. 106–74, title V, §532(e), Oct. 20, 1999, 113 Stat. 1118, provided that: “Section 236(g) of the National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1715z–1(g)), as amended by section 227 of the Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1999 (Public Law 105–276; 112 Stat. 2490) shall be effective on the date of the enactment of such Public Law 105–276 [Oct. 21, 1998], and any excess rental charges referred to in such section that have been collected since such date of the enactment with respect to projects with mortgages insured under section 207 of the National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1713) may be retained by the project owner unless the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development specifically provides otherwise. The Secretary may return any excess charges remitted to the Secretary since such date of the enactment.”

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

Amendment by section 203(b) of Pub. L. 96–153 effective Dec. 21, 1979, and maximum amount of tenant contribution applicable, see section 203(c) of Pub. L. 96–153, set out as a note under section 1701s of this title.

Section 201(k), formerly (i), of Pub. L. 95–557, as redesignated by Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §321(f)(2)(A), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 400, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective Oct. 1, 1978.

Section 206(d) of Pub. L. 95–128 provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall become effective on October 1, 1977, and shall apply to assistance payments pursuant to section 236(f)(3) of the National Housing Act [subsec. (f)(3) of this section] with respect only to periods commencing on or after such date.”

Pub. L. 110–161, div. K, title II, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2425, provided in part that: “From the Rental Housing Assistance Fund, all uncommitted balances of excess rental charges as of September 30, 2007, and any collections made during fiscal year 2008 and all subsequent fiscal years, shall be transferred to the Flexible Subsidy Fund, as authorized by section 236(g) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715z–1(g)].”

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriations acts:

Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title III, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2453.

Pub. L. 108–447, div. I, title II, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3308.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. G, title II, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 385.

Pub. L. 108–7, div. K, title II, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 494.

Pub. L. 107–73, title II, Nov. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 669.

Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II], Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1441, 1441A–19.

Pub. L. 106–74, title II, Oct. 20, 1999, 113 Stat. 1064.

Pub. L. 105–276, title II, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2480.

Pub. L. 105–65, title II, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1361.

Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(e) [title II], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–257, 1321–270.

Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title III, §325, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2466, provided that: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for fiscal year 2006 and thereafter, all mortgagees receiving interest reduction payments under section 236 of the National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1715z–1) shall submit only electronic invoices to the Department of Housing and Development in order to receive such payments. The mortgagees shall comply with this requirement no later than 90 days from the date of enactment of this provision [Nov. 30, 2005].”

Pub. L. 106–569, title VIII, §861(b), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 3025, provided that: “Any excess charges that a project owner may retain pursuant to the amendments made by subsections (b) and (c) of section 532 of the Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2000 (Public Law 106–74; 113 Stat. 1116) [amending this section] that have been collected by such owner since the date of the enactment of such appropriations Act [Oct. 20, 1999] and that such owner has not remitted to the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may be retained by such owner unless such Secretary otherwise provides. To the extent that a project owner has remitted such excess charges to the Secretary since such date of the enactment, the Secretary may return to the relevant project owner any such excess charges remitted. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, amounts in the Rental Housing Assistance Fund, or heretofore or subsequently transferred from the Rental Housing Assistance Fund to the Flexible Subsidy Fund, shall be available to make such return of excess charges previously remitted to the Secretary, including the return of excess charges referred to in section 532(e) of such appropriations Act [see Effective Date of 1998 Amendment note above].”

Pub. L. 101–45, title II, June 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 127, provided: “That notwithstanding the second sentence of such section 236(r) [12 U.S.C. 1715z–1(r)], an application shall be eligible for assistance under such section if the mortgagee submits an application within five hundred and forty-eight days after the effective date of this Act [June 30, 1989].”

Section 822 of Pub. L. 93–383 directed Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and Secretary of the Treasury to study feasibility of financing programs authorized under section 236 of the National Housing Act [this section] and section 802 of this Act [42 U.S.C. 1440] through various financing methods, including direct loans from Federal Financing Bank, with a view to determining whether there was any method that would result in net savings to Federal Government (after taking into account direct and indirect effects of such method) and to transmit to Congress a report on study not later than one year after Aug. 22, 1974.

Section 201(c) of Pub. L. 90–448 provided that: “The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development is authorized, upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, to transfer to section 236(j) of the National Housing Act [subsec. (j) of this section] the insurance of a mortgage which has not be [sic] finally endorsed for insurance under section 221(d)(3) of such Act [section 1715*l*(d)(3) of this title] and which has been approved for the below-market interest rate prescribed in the proviso of section 221(d)(5) of such Act [section 1715*l*(d)(5) of this title].”

Section 201(d) of Pub. L. 90–448 provided that: “The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development is authorized, upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, to insure under section 236(j) of the National Housing Act [subsec. (j) of this section] a mortgage meeting the requirements of such section which is given to refinance a mortgage loan made under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 [section 1701q of this title]: *Provided*, That the application for such insurance is filed with the Secretary on or before the date of project completion, or within such reasonable time thereafter as the Secretary may permit.”

Pub. L. 90–608, ch. IV, §401, Oct. 21, 1968, 82 Stat. 1193, provided in part that the total payments that may be required in any fiscal year by all contracts entered into under section 236 of the National Housing Act [this section] shall not exceed $25,000,000.

Pub. L. 91–47, title II, §201, July 22, 1969, 83 Stat. 53, increased by $45,000,000 the limitation on total payments that may be required in any fiscal year by all contracts entered into under section 236 of the National Housing Act (82 Stat. 498) [this section].

1 So in original. Probably should be “mortgagees”.

2 So in original. Probably should be preceded by “a”.

3 See References in Text note below.

The purposes of this section are to provide assistance to restore or maintain the financial soundness, to assist in the improvement of the management, to permit capital improvements to be made to maintain certain projects as decent, safe, and sanitary housing, and to maintain the low- to moderate-income character of certain projects assisted or approved for assistance under the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437 et seq.], the Housing Act of 1959, or the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965, without regard to whether such projects are insured under the National Housing Act.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (hereinafter referred to in this section as the “Secretary”) may make available, and contract to make available, to such extent and in such amounts as may be approved in appropriation Acts, financial assistance to owners of rental or cooperative housing projects meeting the requirements of this section. Such assistance shall be made on an annual basis and in accordance with the provisions of this section, without regard to whether such projects are insured under the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.].

A rental or cooperative housing project is eligible for assistance under this section only if such project—

(1)(A) is assisted under section 236 [12 U.S.C. 1715z–1] or the proviso of section 221(d)(5) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715*l*(d)(5)], or under section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 [12 U.S.C. 1701s], or received a loan under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 [12 U.S.C. 1701q] more than 15 years before the date on which assistance is made available under this section;

(B) is assisted under section 23 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1421b], as in effect immediately before January 1, 1975, section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f] following conversion to such assistance from assistance under section 236 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715z–1] or section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 [12 U.S.C. 1701s]; or

(C) met the criteria specified in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph before the acquisition of such project by the Secretary and has been sold by the Secretary, subject to a mortgage insured or held by the Secretary and subject to an agreement (in effect during the period of assistance under this section) which provides that the low- and moderate-income character of the project will be maintained; except that, with respect to projects sold after October 1, 1978, assistance shall be available for a period not to exceed three years; and

(2) meets such other requirements consistent with the purposes of this section as the Secretary may prescribe.

No assistance may be made available under this section unless the Secretary has determined that—

(1) such assistance, when considered with other resources available to the project, is necessary and, in the determination of the Secretary, will restore or maintain the financial or physical soundness of the project and maintain the low- and moderate-income character of the project, and the owner has agreed to maintain the low- and moderate-income character of such project for a period at least equal to the remaining term of the project mortgage;

(2) the assistance which could reasonably be expected to be provided over the useful life of the project will be less costly to the Federal Government than other reasonable alternatives by which the Secretary could maintain the low- and moderate-income character of the project;

(3) the owner of the project, together with the mortgagee in the case of a project not insured under the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], has provided or has agreed to provide assistance to the project in such manner as the Secretary may determine;

(4) the project is or can reasonably be made structurally sound, as determined on the basis of information obtained as a result of an onsite inspection of the project;

(5) the management of the project is being conducted by persons who meet minimum levels of competency and experience prescribed by the Secretary;

(6) the project is being operated and managed in accordance with a management-improvement-and-operating plan which is designed to reduce the operating costs of the project, which has been approved by the Secretary, and which includes the following: (A) a detailed maintenance schedule; (B) a schedule for correcting past deficiencies in maintenance, repairs, and replacements; (C) a plan to upgrade the project to meet cost-effective energy efficiency standards prescribed by the Secretary; (D) a plan to improve financial and management control systems; (E) a detailed annual operating budget taking into account such standards for operating costs in the area as may be determined by the Secretary; and (F) such other requirements as the Secretary may determine; except that the Secretary may excuse an owner from compliance with the plan requirement set forth in this paragraph in any case in which such owner seeks only assistance for capital improvements under this section; and except that the Secretary shall review and approve or disapprove each plan not later than the expiration of the 30-day period beginning upon the date of submission of the plan to the Secretary by the owner, but if the Secretary fails to inform the owner of approval or disapproval of the plan within such period the plan shall be considered to have been approved;

(7) all reasonable attempts have been made to take all appropriate actions and provide suitable housing for project residents;

(8) the project has a feasible plan to involve the residents in project decisions;

(9) the affirmative fair housing marketing plan meets applicable requirements; and

(10) the owner certifies that it will comply with various equal opportunity statutes.

Prior to making assistance available to a project, the Secretary shall consult with the appropriate officials of the unit of local government in which such project is located and seek assurances that—

(1) the community in which the project is located is or will provide essential services to the project in keeping with the community's general level of such services;

(2) the real estate taxes on the project are or will be no greater than would be the case if the property were assessed in a manner consistent with normal property assessment procedures for the community; and

(3) assistance to the project under this section would not be inconsistent with local plans and priorities.

(1) The Secretary may, with respect to any year, provide assistance under this section, and make commitments to provide such assistance, with respect to any project (except a project assisted only for capital improvements) in any amount which the Secretary determines is consistent with the project's management-improvement-and-operating plan described in subsection (d)(6) of this section and which does not exceed the sum of—

(A) an amount determined by the Secretary to be necessary to correct deficiencies in the project which exist at the beginning of the first year with respect to which assistance is made available for the project under this section, which were caused by the deferral of regularly scheduled maintenance and repairs or the failure to make necessary and timely replacements of equipment and other components of the project, and for which payment has not previously been made;

(B) an amount determined by the Secretary to be necessary to maintain the low- and moderate-income character of the project by reducing deficiencies, which exist at the beginning of the first year with respect to which assistance is made available for the project under this section and for which payment has not previously been made, in the reserve funds established by the project owner for the purpose of replacing capital items;

(C) an amount not greater than the amount by which the estimated operating expenses (as described in paragraph (2) of this subsection) for the year with respect to which such assistance is made available exceeds the estimated revenues to be received (as described in paragraph (2) of this subsection) by the project during such year; and

(D) an amount determined by the Secretary to be necessary to carry out a plan to upgrade the project to meet cost-effective energy efficiency standards prescribed by the Secretary.

(2) The estimated revenues for any project under paragraph (1)(C) of this subsection with respect to any year shall be equal to the sum of—

(A) the estimated amount of rent which is to be expended by the tenants of such project during such year, as determined by the Secretary without regard to section 236(f)(1) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715z–1(f)(1)];

(B) the estimated amount of rental assistance payments to be made on behalf of such tenants during such year, other than assistance made under this section;

(C) the estimated amount of assistance payments to be made on behalf of the owner of such project under section 221(d)(5) or section 236 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715*l*(d)(5) or 1715z–1] during such year; and

(D) other income attributable to the project as determined by the Secretary;

except that—

(E) in computing the estimated amount of rent to be expended by tenants, the Secretary shall provide that (i) at least 25 percent (or such lesser percentage as is provided for under any other Federal housing assistance program in which such tenant is participating) of the income of each such tenant is included, or (ii) in the case of a tenant paying his or her own utilities, a percentage of income which is less than 25 percent and which takes into account the reasonable costs of such utilities; except that no amount shall be provided for any tenant under clause (i) or (ii) which exceeds the fair market rental charge as determined pursuant to section 236(f)(1) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715z–1(f)(1)] for such tenant; and

(F) in computing the estimated amount of rent to be expended by tenants and the estimated amount of rental assistance payments to be made on behalf of such tenants, the Secretary may permit a delinquency-and-vacancy allowance of not more than 6 per centum of the estimated amount of such rent and payments computed without regard to such allowance; except that, with respect to the first three years in which assistance is provided to a project under this section, the Secretary may permit such allowance for such project to exceed such 6 percent by an amount which the Secretary determines is appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section.

For purposes of computing estimated operating expenses of any such project with respect to any year, the Secretary shall include all estimated operating costs which the Secretary determines to be necessary and consistent with the management-improvement-and-operating plan for the project for such year, including, but not limited to, taxes, utilities, maintenance and repairs (except for maintenance and repairs which should have been performed in previous years), management, insurance, debt service, and payments made by the owner for the purpose of establishing or maintaining a reserve fund for replacement costs. The Secretary may not include in such estimated operating expenses any return on the equity investment of the owner in such project.

(3) In order to carry out the purposes of this section, the Secretary may, notwithstanding the provisions of section 236(f)(1) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715z–1(f)(1)], provide that, for purposes of establishing a rental charge under such section, there may be excluded from the computation of the cost of operating a project an amount equivalent to the amount of assistance payments made for the project under this section.

(4) Any assistance payments made pursuant to this section with respect to any project shall be made on an annual basis, payable at such intervals, but at least quarterly, as the Secretary may determine, and may be in any amount (which the Secretary determines to be consistent with the purpose of this section), except that the sum of such assistance payments for any year for a project (other than a project receiving assistance only for capital improvements) may not exceed the amount computed pursuant to paragraph (1) of this subsection. The Secretary shall review the operations of the project at the time of such payments to determine that such operations are consistent with the management-improvement-and-operating plan.

The Secretary is authorized to issue such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions and purposes of this section, including regulations requiring the establishment of a project reserve or such other safeguards as the Secretary determines to be necessary for the financial soundness of any project for which assistance payments are provided, to the extent applicable.

The Secretary may not use any of the assistance available under this section during any fiscal year beginning on or after October 1, 1981, to supplement any contract to make rental assistance payments which was made pursuant to section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 [12 U.S.C. 1701s].

(1) For purposes of carrying out the provisions of this section, there is hereby established in the Treasury of the United States a revolving fund, to be known as the Flexible Subsidy Fund. The Fund shall, to the extent approved in appropriation Acts, be available to the Secretary to provide assistance under this section (including assistance for capital improvements) and shall not (except as provided in Public Law 100–4–4 1 (102 Stat. 1018), as in effect on October 1, 1988) be available for any other purpose.

(2) The Fund shall consist of (A) any amount appropriated to carry out the purposes of this section; (B) any amount repaid on any assistance provided under this section; (C) any amounts credited to the reserve fund described in section 236(g) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715z–1(g)]; (D) any other amount received by the Secretary under this section (including any amount realized under paragraph (3)),2 and (E) any amount received by the Secretary pursuant to section 537 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1735f–15] and section 202a of the Housing Act of 1959 [12 U.S.C. 1701q–1].

(3) Any amounts in the Fund determined by the Secretary to be in excess of the amounts currently required to carry out the provisions of this section shall be invested by the Secretary in obligations of, or obligations guaranteed as to both principal and interest by, the United States or any agency of the United States.

(4) The Secretary shall, to the extent of approvable applications and subject to paragraph (1), use not less than $30,000,000 or 40 percent (whichever is less) of the amounts available from the Fund in any fiscal year for purposes of providing assistance for capital improvements in accordance with this section. Any amount reserved under this paragraph for assistance for capital improvements that is not used before the last 60 days of a fiscal year shall become available for other assistance under this section.

(5) There is authorized to be appropriated for assistance under the flexible subsidy fund not to exceed $52,200,000 for fiscal year 1993 and $54,392,400 for fiscal year 1994.

(1) Assistance for capital improvements under this section shall include assistance for any major repair or replacement of a capital item in a multifamily housing project, including any such repair or replacement required as a result of deferred or inadequate maintenance. Capital improvements do not include maintenance of any such item. Assistance for capital improvements under this section shall be in the form of a loan.

(2) The owner of a project receiving assistance for capital improvements shall agree to contribute assistance to such project in such amounts, from such sources, and in such manner as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

(3) The Secretary may provide assistance for capital improvements under this section if the Secretary finds that the reserve funds established by the owner of a project for the purpose of making capital improvements are insufficient to finance both the capital improvements for which such assistance is to be used and other capital improvements that are reasonably expected to be required in the near future, and such insufficiency is not the result of the failure of such owner to comply with any standard established by the Secretary for management of such reserve funds.

(1) The principal amount of any assistance for capital improvements under this section that is provided to the owner of a project shall not exceed the difference between the contribution made by the owner in accordance with subsection (k)(2) of this section and the sum of—

(A) the amount determined by the Secretary to be necessary for such owner to make capital improvements with respect to capital items that have failed, or are likely to deteriorate seriously or fail in the near future, in such projects;

(B) the amount determined by the Secretary to be necessary to carry out a plan to upgrade the capital items being improved, and any other capital items determined by the Secretary to be associated with such capital items being improved and to require upgrading, to meet cost-effective energy efficiency standards prescribed by the Secretary; and

(C) the amount determined by the Secretary to be necessary to comply with the requirements of section 794 of title 29.

(2)(A) The term of any assistance for capital improvements in the form of a loan under this section shall not exceed the remaining term of the mortgage of the project with respect to which such loan is provided.

(B) Each loan for capital improvements provided under this section shall bear interest at a rate determined by the Secretary to be appropriate, except that—

(i) such rate shall not be more than 3 percentage points below a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury taking into consideration the average interest rate on all interest bearing obligations of the United States then forming a part of the public debt, computed at the end of the fiscal year next preceding date on which the loan is made, adjusted to the nearest 1/8 of 1 percent, plus an allowance adequate in the judgment of the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to cover administrative costs and probable losses under the program; and

(ii) such interest rate plus such allowance shall not exceed 6 percent per annum nor be less than 3 percent per annum.

(C) Each loan for capital improvements provided under this section shall be considered to be a liability of the project involved, and shall not be dischargeable in any bankruptcy proceeding under section 727, 1141, or 1328(b) of title 11.

(D) The Secretary may establish such additional conditions on loans provided under this section as the Secretary determines to be appropriate. The Secretary may require owners receiving assistance for capital improvements under this section to retain the housing as housing affordable for very low-income families or persons, low-income families or persons and moderate-income families or persons for the remaining useful life of the housing. For purposes of this section, the term “remaining useful life” means, with respect to housing assisted under this section, the period during which the physical characteristics of the housing remain in a condition suitable for occupancy, assuming normal maintenance and repairs are made and major systems and capital components are replaced as becomes necessary.

(E) The Secretary may provide more than one loan or assistance in any other form to any project under this section, if each loan or other assistance complies with the provisions of this section.

(1) Increases in rental payments that may occur as a result of the debt service and other expenses of a loan for capital improvements provided under this section for a project subject to a plan of action approved under subtitle B of the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987 shall be governed by the rent agreements entered into under such subtitle.

(2) In order to minimize any increases in rental payments that may occur as a result of the debt service and other expenses of a loan for capital improvements provided under this section for a project and that would be incurred by lower income residents of the project involved whose rental payments are, or would as a result of such expenses be, in excess of the amount allowable if section 3(a) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437a(a)] were applicable to such residents, or where appropriate to implement a plan of action under subtitle B of the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987, the Secretary may take any or all of the following actions:

(A) Provide assistance with respect to such project under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f], to the extent amounts are available for such assistance and without regard to section 16 of such Act [42 U.S.C. 1437n].

(B) Notwithstanding subsection (*l*)(2)(B) of this section, reduce the rate of interest charged on such loan to a rate of not less than 1 percent.

(C) Increase the term of such loan to a term that does not exceed the remaining term of the mortgage on such project.

(D) Increase the amount of assistance to be provided by the owner of such project under subsection (k)(2) of this section, if applicable, to an amount not to exceed 30 percent of the total estimated cost of the capital improvements involved.

(E) Permit repayment of the debt service to be deferred as long as the low and moderate income character of the project is maintained in accordance with subsection (d) of this section.

In providing, and contracting to provide, assistance for capital improvements under this section, in each fiscal year the Secretary shall set aside an amount, as determined by the Secretary, for projects that are eligible for incentives under section 224(b) of the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987, as such section existed before November 28, 1990. The Secretary may make such assistance available on a noncompetitive basis.

Except as provided in paragraph (3), with respect to assistance under this section not set aside for projects under paragraph (1), the Secretary—

(A) may award assistance on a noncompetitive basis; and

(B) shall award assistance to eligible projects on the basis of—

(i) the extent to which the project is physically or financially troubled, as evidenced by the comprehensive needs assessment submitted in accordance with title IV of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992; and

(ii) the extent to which such assistance is necessary and reasonable to prevent the default of federally insured mortgages.

The Secretary may make exceptions to selection criteria set forth in paragraph (2)(B) to permit the provision of assistance to eligible projects based upon—

(A) the extent to which such assistance is necessary to prevent the imminent foreclosure or default of a project whose owner has not submitted a comprehensive needs assessment pursuant to title IV of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992;

(B) the extent to which the project presents an imminent threat to the life, health, and safety of project residents; or

(C) such other criteria as the Secretary may specify by regulation or by notice printed in the Federal Register.

In providing assistance under this section, the Secretary shall take into consideration—

(A) the extent to which there is evidence that there will be significant opportunities for residents (including a resident council or resident management corporation, as appropriate) to be involved in the management of the project (except that this paragraph shall have no application to projects that are owned as cooperatives); and

(B) the extent to which there is evidence that the project owner has provided competent management and complied with all regulatory and administrative requirements.

The Secretary shall coordinate the allocation of assistance under this section with assistance made available under section 8(v) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f(v)] and section 1701z–11 of this title to enhance the cost effectiveness of the Federal response to troubled multifamily housing.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any project that receives or has received assistance under this section and which is the subject of a transaction under which the project is preserved as affordable housing, as determined by the Secretary, shall be considered eligible low-income housing under section 229 of the Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990 (12 U.S.C. 4119) for purposes of eligibility of residents of such project for enhanced voucher assistance provided under section 8(t) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(t)) (pursuant to section 223(f) of the Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990 (12 U.S.C. 4113(f))).

(Pub. L. 95–557, title II, §201, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2084; Pub. L. 96–153, title II, §§205(a), 211(c), Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1108, 1110; Pub. L. 96–399, title II, §204(a), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1629; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §§321(f)(1), (2), 329C, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 399, 400, 409; Pub. L. 98–181, title II, §217(a), (b), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1186; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(n)(1), (2), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2234; Pub. L. 100–242, title I, §§185, 186(b), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1873, 1877; Pub. L. 100–628, title X, §1011(a), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3268; Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §109(c), title II, §203(a)(2), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2011, 2037; Pub. L. 101–625, title V, §578(b), (c), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4244, 4245; Pub. L. 102–550, title IV, §§405, 406, 408(a), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3776, 3778; Pub. L. 103–233, title I, §103(b), Apr. 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 359; Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §550(g), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2610; Pub. L. 106–74, title V, §536, Oct. 20, 1999, 113 Stat. 1121.)

The National Housing Act, as amended, referred to in subsecs. (a), (b), (c)(1)(A), and (d)(3), is act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, as amended, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1701 of this title and Tables.

The United States Housing Act of 1937, referred to in subsec. (a), is act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 896, as revised generally by Pub. L. 93–383, title II, §201(a), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 653, which is classified generally to chapter 8 (§1437 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1437 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Housing Act of 1959, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 86–372, Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 654, as amended. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1959 Amendment note set out under section 1701 of this title and Tables.

The Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965, as amended, referred to in subsecs. (a), (c)(1)(A), (B), and (h), is Pub. L. 89–117, Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 451, as amended. Section 101 of the Act enacted section 1701s of this title and amended sections 1451 and 1465 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1965 Amendment note set out under section 1701 of this title and Tables.

Section 23 of the United States Housing Act of 1937, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(B), was classified to section 1421b of Title 42 and was omitted in the general revision of the United States Housing Act of 1937 by Pub. L. 93–383, title II, §201(a), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 653.

Public Law 100–4–4 (102 Stat. 1018), referred to in subsec. (j)(1), probably means Pub. L. 100–404, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1014, known as the Department of Housing and Urban Development—Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1989. Provisions appearing on 102 Stat. 1018 of Pub. L. 100–404 relating to transfer of funds from the “Flexible subsidy fund” for carrying out community development grants programs are not classified to the Code.

The Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987, referred to in subsecs. (m) and (n)(1), is title II of Pub. L. 100–242, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1877, which, as amended by Pub. L. 101–625, is known as the Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990, and is classified principally to chapter 42 (§4101 et seq.) of this title. Section 224(b) and subtitle B of title II, which were formerly set out as a note under section 1715*l* of this title and which amended section 1715z–6 of this title, were amended generally by Pub. L. 101–625 on Nov. 28, 1990, and are classified generally to subchapter I (§4101 et seq.) of chapter 42 of this title. For provisions similar to those contained in former section 224(b), see section 4109(b) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4101 of this title and Tables.

The Housing and Community Development Act of 1992, referred to in subsec. (n)(2)(B)(i), (3)(A), is Pub. L. 102–550, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3672. Title IV of the Act amended this section, section 1715z–1 of this title, and section 12710 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacted provisions set out as a note below. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1992 Amendment note set out under section 5301 of Title 42 and Tables.

Another subsec. (k) of section 201 of Pub. L. 95–557 amended section 1715z–1 of this title.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1978, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1999**—Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 106–74 added subsec. (p).

**1998**—Subsec. (m)(2)(A). Pub. L. 105–276 substituted “section 8” for “section 8(b)(1)”.

**1994**—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 103–233, §103(b)(1), struck out subsec. (i) which read as follows: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in exercising any authority relating to the approval or disapproval of rentals charged tenants residing in projects which are eligible for assistance under this section, the Secretary—

“(1) shall consider whether the mortgagor could control increases in utility costs by securing more favorable utility rates, by undertaking energy conservation measures which are financially feasible and cost effective, or by taking other financially feasible and cost-effective actions to increase energy efficiency or to reduce energy consumption; and

“(2) may, in his discretion, adjust the amount of a proposed rental increase where he finds the mortgagor could exercise such control.”

Subsec. (k)(2). Pub. L. 103–233, §103(b)(2), substituted a period for “, except that—

“(A) such contribution shall not be less than 20 percent of the total estimated cost of the capital improvements involved, unless the Secretary, upon application of the owner, determines that such contribution is financially infeasible and waives or reduces such contribution to the extent necessary;

“(B) the Secretary may not require an amount to be contributed, from the reserve funds established by the owner of such projects for the purpose of making capital improvements, in excess of 50 percent of the amount of such reserve funds on the date of such loan;

“(C) The Secretary shall waive the requirements of this paragraph if such owner is a private nonprofit corporation or an association; and

“(D) the Secretary shall give owners credit for advances made to the project during a 3-year period prior to the application for assistance.”

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 103–233, §103(b)(3), amended subsec. (n) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (n) read as follows:

“(n)(1) The Secretary shall award assistance under this section to eligible projects on the basis of the following selection criteria:

“(A) The extent to which the project presents an imminent threat to the life, health, and safety of project residents.

“(B) The extent to which the project is financially troubled.

“(C) The extent of physical improvements needed by the project as evidenced by the comprehensive needs assessment submitted in accordance with title IV of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992.

“(D) The extent to which there is evidence that there will be significant opportunities for residents (including a resident council or resident management corporation, as appropriate) to be involved in management of the project (except that this paragraph shall have no application to projects that are owned as cooperatives).

“(E) The extent to which there is evidence that the project owner has provided competent management and complied with all regulatory and administrative instructions (including such instructions with respect to the comprehensive servicing of multifamily projects as the Secretary may issue).

“(F) Such other criteria as the Secretary may specify by regulation or in a Federal Register notice of fund availability.

“(2) Eligible projects that have federally insured mortgages in force are to be selected for award of assistance under this section before any other eligible project.”

Subsecs. (*o*), (p). Pub. L. 103–233, §103(b)(4) redesignated subsec. (p) as (*o*) and struck out former subsec. (*o*) which read as follows: “Projects receiving assistance under this section are not eligible for prepayment incentives under the Emergency Low-Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987 or the Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990. Projects receiving financial assistance under such Acts are not eligible for assistance under this section.”

**1992**—Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 102–550, §405(a)(1), struck out “and” at end.

Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 102–550, §406, which directed insertion, before period at end, of “; and except that the Secretary shall review and approve or disapprove each plan not later than the expiration of the 30-day period beginning upon the date of submission of the plan to the Secretary by the owner, but if the Secretary fails to inform the owner of approval or disapproval of the plan within such period the plan shall be considered to have been approved”, was executed by making the insertion before the concluding semicolon to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 102–550, §405(a)(2). See below.

Pub. L. 102–550, §405(a)(2), substituted semicolon for period at end.

Subsec. (d)(7) to (10). Pub. L. 102–550, §405(a)(3), added pars. (7) to (10).

Subsec. (j)(5). Pub. L. 102–550, §408(a), amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: “There are authorized to be appropriated for assistance under the flexible subsidy fund not to exceed $50,000,000 for fiscal year 1991 and $52,200,000 for fiscal year 1992.”

Subsec. (k)(2)(D). Pub. L. 102–550, §405(e), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (k)(4). Pub. L. 102–550, §405(b)(1), struck out par. (4) which read as follows: “In providing, and contracting to provide, assistance for capital improvements under this section, the Secretary shall—

“(A) give priority to projects that are eligible for incentives under section 224(b) of the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987; and

“(B) with respect to any amounts not required for projects under subparagraph (A), give priority among other projects based on the extent to which—

“(i) the capital improvements for which such assistance is requested are immediately required;

“(ii) the projects serve as the residences of lower income families, and the extent which other suitable housing is unavailable for such families in the areas in which such projects are located;

“(iii) the capital improvements for which such assistance is requested involve the life, safety, or health of the residents of the project or involve major capital improvements in the projects; and

“(iv) the projects demonstrate the greatest financial distress, while continuing to meet the requirements of subsection (d)(1) of this section.”

Subsec. (*l*)(2)(D). Pub. L. 102–550, §405(c), inserted at end “The Secretary may require owners receiving assistance for capital improvements under this section to retain the housing as housing affordable for very low-income families or persons, low-income families or persons and moderate-income families or persons for the remaining useful life of the housing. For purposes of this section, the term ‘remaining useful life’ means, with respect to housing assisted under this section, the period during which the physical characteristics of the housing remain in a condition suitable for occupancy, assuming normal maintenance and repairs are made and major systems and capital components are replaced as becomes necessary.”

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 102–550, §405(b)(2), added subsec. (n).

Subsec. (*o*). Pub. L. 102–550, §405(d), added subsec. (*o*).

Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 102–550, §405(f), added subsec. (p).

**1990**—Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 101–625, §578(c), inserted before period at end “and shall not (except as provided in Public Law 100–4–4 (102 Stat. 1018), as in effect on October 1, 1988) be made available for any other purpose”.

Subsec. (j)(5). Pub. L. 101–625, §578(b), added par. (5).

**1989**—Subsec. (j)(2). Pub. L. 101–235, §109(c), added cl. (E).

Subsec. (m)(2). Pub. L. 101–235, §203(a)(2)(B)(i), (ii), struck out “not subject to paragraph (1)” after “for a project” and inserted “, or where appropriate to implement a plan of action under subtitle B of the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987” after second reference to “residents”.

Subsec. (m)(2)(B). Pub. L. 101–235, §203(a)(2)(A), substituted “Notwithstanding subsection (*l*)(2)(B) of this section, reduce” for “Reduce”.

Subsec. (m)(2)(E). Pub. L. 101–235, §203(a)(2)(B)(iii), added subpar. (E).

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–242, §185(h), struck out “Operating” before “assistance” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–242, §185(a), inserted “to permit capital improvements to be made to maintain certain projects as decent, safe, and sanitary housing,” after “management,”.

Pub. L. 100–242, §186(b)(1), inserted reference to Housing Act of 1959.

Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 100–242, §186(b)(2), inserted before semicolon at end “, or received a loan under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 more than 15 years before the date on which assistance is made available under this section”.

Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 100–242, §185(b), inserted “section 23 of the United States Housing Act of 1937, as in effect immediately before January 1, 1975,” after “is assisted under”.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 100–242, §185(c)(1), inserted “or physical” after “maintain the financial”.

Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 100–242, §185(c)(2), inserted at end “; except that the Secretary may excuse an owner from compliance with the plan requirement set forth in this paragraph in any case in which such owner seeks only assistance for capital improvements under this section”.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 100–242, §185(d)(1), inserted parenthetical exception relating to projects assisted only for capital improvements.

Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 100–242, §185(d)(2), substituted “payments for any year for a project (other than a project receiving assistance only for capital improvements) may not exceed” for “payments for any year may not exceed”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100–242, §185(e), inserted “, to the extent applicable” after “provided”.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 100–242, §185(f), in amending subsec. (j) generally, substituted provisions relating to the establishment, contents, and use of a revolving fund to be known as the Flexible Subsidy Fund, for provisions authorizing appropriations under this section for fiscal years 1979 through 1982.

Subsec. (j)(4). Pub. L. 100–628 substituted “shall, to the extent of approvable applications and subject to paragraph (1), use not less than $30,000,000 or 40 percent (whichever is less) of the amounts available” for “may use not more than $50,000,000”; and inserted at end “Any amount reserved under this paragraph for assistance for capital improvements that is not used before the last 60 days of a fiscal year shall become available for other assistance under this section.”

Subsecs. (k) to (m). Pub. L. 100–242, §185(g), added subsecs. (k) to (m).

**1984**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–479, §204(n)(1), substituted “A” for “a” in provisions before subpar. (A).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 98–479, §204(n)(2), substituted “section 236(f)(3)” for “section 236(f)(3)(B)”.

**1983**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–181, §217(a)(1), (b)(1), inserted “without regard to whether such projects are insured under the National Housing Act”, and substituted “, the United States Housing Act of 1937, or” for “or under”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–181, §217(a)(2), inserted “, without regard to whether such projects are insured under the National Housing Act”.

Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 98–181, §217(a)(3), struck out “; except that, in the case of any such project which is not insured under the National Housing Act such assistance may not be provided before October 1, 1979” after “Act of 1965”.

Subsec. (c)(1)(B), (C). Pub. L. 98–181, §217(b)(2), added subpar. (B) and redesignated former subpar. (B) as (C).

**1981**—Subsec. (f)(1)(D). Pub. L. 97–35, §329C(1), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 97–35, §321(f)(2), added subsec. (h). Former subsec. (h) redesignated (j).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 97–35, §329C(2), added subsec. (i).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 97–35, §321(f)(1), (2)(A), redesignated former subsec. (h) as (j) and authorized appropriation for fiscal year 1982.

**1980**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 96–399 authorized appropriations for fiscal year 1981.

**1979**—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 96–153, §211(c), inserted requirement that the owner agree to maintain the low- and moderate-income character of such project for a period at least equal to the remaining term of the project mortgage.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 96–153, §205(a), authorized appropriations for fiscal year 1980.

Amendment by title V of Pub. L. 105–276 effective and applicable beginning upon Oct. 1, 1999, except as otherwise provided, with provision that Secretary may implement amendment before such date, except to extent that such amendment provides otherwise, and with savings provision, see section 503 of Pub. L. 105–276, set out as a note under section 1437 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Section 103(c) of Pub. L. 103–233 provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

Section 103(h) of Pub. L. 103–233 provided that:

“(1)

“(A) such other uses are acceptable to the Secretary;

“(B) such other uses would be otherwise insurable under title II of the National Housing Act;

“(C) the outstanding principal balance on the mortgage covering such project is not increased;

“(D) any financial benefit accruing to the mortgagor shall, subject to the discretion of the Secretary, be applied to project reserves or project rehabilitation; and

“(E) such other use serves a public purpose.

“(2)

“(A) tenant-based rental assistance under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f] is made available to each eligible family residing in the project that is displaced as a result of such actions; and

“(B) the Secretary determines that sufficient habitable, affordable (as such term is defined in section 203(b) of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1978 [12 U.S.C. 1701z–11(b)]) rental housing is available in the market area in which the project is located to ensure use of such assistance.

“(3)

Pub. L. 102–550, title IV, §§401–404, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3773–3775, as amended by Pub. L. 103–233, title I, §103(a)(1)–(5), Apr. 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 358, 359, provided that:

“For purposes of this title [amending this section, section 1715z–1 of this title and section 12710 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare]:

“(1)

“(A) that is—

“(i) reserved for occupancy by very low-income elderly persons pursuant to section 202(d)(1) of the Housing Act of 1959 [12 U.S.C. 1701q(d)(1)];

“(ii) assisted under the provisions of section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 (as such section existed before the effectiveness of the amendment made by section 801(a) of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act [Pub. L. 101–625]);

“(iii) financed by a loan or mortgage insured, assisted, or held by the Secretary or a State or State agency under section 236 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715z–1]; or

“(iv) financed by a loan or mortgage insured or held by the Secretary pursuant to section 221(d)(3) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715*l*(d)(3)]; and

“(B) that is not eligible for assistance under—

“(i) the Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990 [12 U.S.C. 4101 et seq.];

“(ii) the provisions of the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987 [see References in Text note above] (as in effect immediately before the date of the enactment of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act [Nov. 28, 1990]); or

“(iii) the HOME Investment Partnerships Act [42 U.S.C. 12721 et seq.].

“(2)

“(3)

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) For fiscal year 1994, 10 percent of the aggregate number of such properties.

“(2) For each of fiscal years 1995, 1996, and 1997, an additional 30 percent of the aggregate number of such properties.

“(a)

“(1) A description of any financial or other assistance currently needed for the property to ensure that the property is maintained in a livable condition and to ensure the financial viability of the project.

“(2) A description of any financial or other assistance for the property that, at the time of the assessment, is reasonably foreseeable as necessary to ensure that the property is maintained in a livable condition and to ensure the financial viability of the project, during the remaining useful life of the property.

“(3) A description of any resources available for meeting the current and future needs of the property described under paragraphs (1) and (2) and the likelihood of obtaining such resources.

“(4) A description of any assistance needed for the property under programs administered by the Secretary.

“(b)

“(1) A description of the supportive service needs of such residents and any supportive services provided to elderly residents of the property.

“(2) A description of any modernization needs and activities for the property.

“(3) A description of any personnel needs for the property.

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

“(d)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) notify the owner of the portion or portions of the assessment requiring completion or other revision; and

“(B) require the owner to submit an amended assessment to the Secretary not later than 30 days after such notification.

“(e)

“(f)

“(g)

“(1)

“(A) the funding levels required to fully address the needs of covered multifamily housing properties for the elderly identified in the comprehensive needs assessments under section 403(b), specifically identifying any expenses necessary to make substantial repairs and add features (such as congregate dining facilities and commercial kitchens) resulting from development of a property in compliance with cost-containment requirements established by the Secretary;

“(B) the adequacy of the geographic targeting of resources provided under programs of the Department with respect to covered multifamily housing properties for the elderly, based on information acquired pursuant to section 403(b); and

“(C) local housing markets throughout the United States, with respect to the need, availability, and cost of housing for elderly persons and families, which shall include review of any information and plans relating to housing for elderly persons and families included in comprehensive housing affordability strategies submitted by jurisdictions pursuant to section 105 of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act [42 U.S.C. 12705].

“(2)

[For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of reporting provisions in section 404(g)(2) of Pub. L. 102–550, set out above, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 104 of House Document No. 103–7.]

Pub. L. 102–550, title IV, §409, as added by Pub. L. 103–233, title I, §103(a)(6), Apr. 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 359, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) Operating assistance and capital improvement assistance for troubled multifamily housing projects pursuant to section 201 of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1978 [Pub. L. 95–557, enacting this section, amending section 1715z–1 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1715z–1 of this title], except for assistance set aside under section 201(n)(1) [subsec. (n)(1) of this section].

“(2) Loan management assistance available pursuant to section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f].

“(b)

“(c)

Section 204(c) of Pub. L. 101–235, as amended by Pub. L. 101–625, title V, §583, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4249, directed Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to conduct a study to determine physical renovation needs of Nation's federally-assisted multifamily housing inventory that is distressed, to estimate cost of correcting deficiencies and subsequently maintaining that inventory in adequate physical condition, and to establish criteria to determine what housing qualifies as distressed, with such criteria to include factors such as serious deficiencies in original design, deferred maintenance, physical deterioration or obsolescence of major systems and other serious deficiencies in physical plant of a project, such study to examine and assess adequacy of existing tools that are available to the Secretary for modernization efforts including mortgage insurance for rehabilitation loans, operating assistance and capital improvement loans under the Flexible Subsidy Program, with a detailed examination and assessment of Flexible Subsidy Program required, and rental assistance, and not later than Mar. 1, 1992, to submit to Congress a detailed report setting forth findings as a result of the study.

Title V of Pub. L. 101–235, as amended by Pub. L. 102–550, title I, §127(a), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3710, established a National Commission on Severely Distressed Public Housing to identify those public housing projects in the Nation that are in a severe state of distress, to assess most promising strategies to improve condition of severely distressed public housing projects that have been implemented by public housing authorities, other Government agencies at Federal, State and local level, public housing tenants, and private sector, and to develop national action plan to eliminate by year 2000 unfit living conditions in public housing projects determined by Commission to be most severely distressed, provided for membership, functions, and powers of the Commission, directed that, not later than 12 months after Commission is established, Commission submit a final report to Secretary and to Congress containing information, evaluations, and recommendations, authorized appropriations for Commission of not to exceed $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1990 and $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1991, and terminated Commission at the end of Sept. 30, 1992.

Section 1011(b) of Pub. L. 100–628 provided that: “To implement the amendments made by section 185 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1987 [Pub. L. 100–242, amending this section], the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall issue regulations that become effective not later than February 5, 1989.”

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. The comma probably should be a semicolon.

The purpose of this section is to recognize the importance and benefits of cooperation and participation of tenants in creating a suitable living environment in multifamily housing projects and in contributing to the successful operation of such projects, including their good physical condition, proper maintenance, security, energy efficiency, and control of operating costs. For the purpose of this section, the term “multifamily housing project” means a project which is eligible for assistance as described in section 1715z–1a(c) of this title or section 1701q of this title, or a project which receives project-based assistance under section 1437f of title 42 or enhanced vouchers under the Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990 [12 U.S.C. 4101 et seq.], the provisions of the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987, or the Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act of 1997.

The Secretary shall assure that—

(1) where the Secretary's written approval is required with respect to an owner's request for rent increase, conversion of residential rental units to any other use (including commercial use or use as a unit in any condominium or cooperative project), partial release of security, or major physical alterations or where the Secretary proposes to sell a mortgage secured by a multifamily housing project, tenants have adequate notice of, reasonable access to relevant information about, and an opportunity to comment on such actions (and in the case of a project owned by the Secretary, any proposed disposition of the project) and that such comments are taken into consideration by the Secretary;

(2) project owners not interfere with the efforts of tenants to obtain rent subsidies or other public assistance;

(3) leases approved by the Secretary provide that tenants may not be evicted without good cause or without adequate notice of the reasons therefor and do not contain unreasonable terms and conditions; and

(4) project owners do not impede the reasonable efforts of resident tenant organizations to represent their members or the reasonable efforts of tenants to organize.

The Secretary shall promulgate regulations to carry out the provisions of this section not later than 90 days after October 31, 1978.

(Pub. L. 95–557, title II, §202, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2088; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §329F, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 410; Pub. L. 100–242, title I, §183(a), (b), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1872; Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §599(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2660.)

The Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (a), is title II of Pub. L. 100–242, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1877, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 42 (§4101 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4101 of this title and Tables.

The Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987, referred to in subsec. (a), is title II of Pub. L. 100–242, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1877, which, as amended by Pub. L. 101–625, is known as the Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990. Subtitles A and B of title II, which were formerly set out as a note under section 1715*l* of this title and which amended section 1715z–6 of this title, were amended generally by Pub. L. 101–625 and are classified to subchapter I (§4101 et seq.) of chapter 42 of this title. Subtitles C and D of title II amended section 1715z–15 of this title and sections 1437f, 1472, 1485, and 1487 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Another subtitle C of title II of Pub. L. 100–242, as added by Pub. L. 102–550, is classified generally to subchapter II (§4141 et seq.) of chapter 42 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4101 of this title and Tables.

The Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act of 1997, referred to in subsec. (a), is title V of Pub. L. 105–65, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1384. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1997 Amendment note set out under section 1701 of this title and Tables.

This section was enacted as part of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1978, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–276 inserted before period at end “, or a project which receives project-based assistance under section 1437f of title 42 or enhanced vouchers under the Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990, the provisions of the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987, or the Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act of 1997”.

**1988**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–242, §183(a), inserted reference to section 1701q of this title.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 100–242, §183(b), substituted “or where the Secretary proposes to sell a mortgage secured by a multifamily housing project” for “and the Secretary deems it appropriate”.

**1981**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 97–35 substituted provisions relating to request by the owner for rent increases, etc., for provisions relating to action by the owner.

Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §599(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2660, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] is made on, and shall apply beginning upon, the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998].”

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

After December 1, 1987, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall control rents and charges as they were controlled prior to April 19, 1983, for any multifamily housing project insured under the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] if—

(1) during the period of April 19, 1983, through December 1, 1987, the project owner and the Secretary have not executed, and the project owner has not filed a written request with the Secretary to enter into, an amendment to the regulatory agreement pursuant to regulations published by the Secretary on April 19, 1983, or June 4, 1986, electing to deregulate rents or utilize an alternative formula for determining the maximum allowable rents pursuant to regulations published by the Secretary on April 19, 1983, or June 4, 1986; and

(2)(A) the project was, as of December 1, 1987, receiving a housing assistance payment under a contract pursuant to section 1437f of title 42 (other than under the existing housing certificate program of section 1437f(b)(1) of title 42); or

(B) not less than 50 percent of the units in the project are occupied by lower income families (as defined in section 1437a(a)(2) 1 of title 42).

(Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §425, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1915.)

The National Housing Act, as amended, referred to in text, is act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, as amended, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1701 of this title and Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1987, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

1 Probably should be a reference to section 1437a(b)(2).

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §237, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title I, §102(a), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 485; amended Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §§110, 113(j), Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 382, 385; Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §599F(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2665, related to special mortgage insurance assistance.

(1) Any mortgagee under a mortgage insured under section 1715z(i), (j)(4), 1715z–2, or 1715z–8 of this title shall be entitled to receive the benefits of the insurance as provided in section 1710(a) of this title with respect to mortgages insured under section 1709 of this title. The provisions of subsections (b), (c), (d), (g), (j), and (k) 1 of section 1710 of this title shall be applicable to mortgages insured under section 1715z(i), (j)(4), 1715z–2,1 or 1715z–8 of this title, except that all references therein to the “Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund” shall be construed to refer to the “Special Risk Insurance Fund”, and all references therein to section 1709 of this title shall be construed to refer to section 1715z(i), (j)(4), 1715z–2, or 1715z–8 of this title, as may be appropriate.

(2) Any mortgagee under a mortgage insured under section 1715z(j)(1) or 1715z–1 of this title shall be entitled to receive the benefits of insurance as provided in section 1713(g) of this title with respect to mortgages insured under section 1713 of this title. The provisions of subsections (d), (e), (h), (i), (j), (k), (*l*), and (n) of section 1713 of this title shall be applicable to mortgages insured under section 1715z(j)(1) or 1715z–1 of this title, except that all references therein to the “General Insurance Fund” shall be construed to refer to the “Special Risk Insurance Fund” and the premium charge provided in section 1713(d) of this title shall be payable only in cash or debentures of the Special Risk Insurance Fund.

(3) In lieu of the amount of insurance benefits computed pursuant to paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection the Secretary, in his discretion and in accordance with such regulations as he may prescribe, may (with respect to any mortgage loan acquired by him) compute and pay insurance benefits to the mortgagee in a total amount equal to the unpaid principal balance of the loan plus any accrued interest and any advances approved by the Secretary and made previously by the mortgagee under the provisions of the mortgage.

There is hereby created a Special Risk Insurance Fund (hereinafter referred to as the “fund”) which shall be used by the Secretary as a revolving fund for carrying out the mortgage insurance obligations of sections 1715n(e), 1715x(a)(2), 1715z, 1715z–1, 1715z–2,1 and 1715z–8 of this title, and the Secretary is hereby authorized to advance to the fund, at such times and in such amounts as he may determine to be necessary, a total sum of $20,000,000 from the General Insurance Fund established pursuant to the provisions of section 1735c of this title. Such advance shall be repayable at such times and at such rates of interest as the Secretary deems appropriate. Premium charges, adjusted premium charges, inspection and other fees, service charges, and any other income received by the Secretary under sections 1715n(e), 1715x(a)(2), 1715z, 1715z–1, 1715z–2, and 1715z–8 of this title, together with all earnings on the assets of the fund, shall be credited to the fund. All payments made pursuant to claims of mortgagees with respect to mortgages insured under sections 1715x(a)(2), 1715z, 1715z–1, 1715z–2, and 1715z–8 of this title or pursuant to section 1715n(e) of this title, cash adjustments, the principal of and interest paid on debentures which are the obligation of the fund, expenses incurred in connection with or as a consequence of the acquisition and disposal of property acquired under such sections, and all administrative expenses in connection with the mortgage insurance operations under such sections shall be paid out of the fund. Moneys in the fund not needed for current operations of the fund shall be deposited with the Treasurer of the United States to the credit of the fund or invested in bonds or other obligations of, or in bonds or other obligations guaranteed by, the United States or any agency of the United States: *Provided*, That such moneys shall to the maximum extent feasible be invested in such bonds or other obligations the proceeds of which will be used to directly support the residential mortgage market. The Secretary, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, may purchase in the open market debentures which are the obligation of the fund. Such purchases shall be made at a price which will provide an investment yield of not less than the yield obtained from other investments authorized by this section. Debentures so purchased shall be canceled and not reissued.

(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of this chapter or any other Act, and without regard to limitations upon eligibility contained in any section of this subchapter, the Secretary is authorized, upon application by the mortgagee, to insure under any section of this subchapter a mortgage executed in connection with the construction, repair, rehabilitation, or purchase of property located near any installation of the Armed Forces of the United States in federally impacted areas in which the conditions are such that one or more of the eligibility requirements applicable to the section under which insurance is sought could not be met, if (A) the Secretary finds that the benefits to be derived from such use outweigh the risk of probable cost to the Government, and (B) the Secretary of Defense certifies that there is no intention insofar as can reasonably be foreseen to curtail substantially the personnel assigned or to be assigned to such installation. The insurance of a mortgage pursuant to this subsection shall be the obligation of the Special Risk Insurance Fund.

(2) The Secretary is authorized (A) to establish such premiums and other charges as may be necessary to assure that the mortgage insurance program pursuant to this subsection is made available on a basis which, in the Secretary's judgment, is designed to be actuarially sound and likely to maintain the fiscal integrity of such program, and (B) to prescribe such terms and conditions relating to insurance pursuant to this subsection as may be found by the Secretary to be necessary and appropriate, and which are to the maximum extent possible, consistent with provisions otherwise applicable to mortgage insurance and payment of insurance benefits.

(3) The Secretary shall undertake an annual assessment of the risks associated with each of the insurance programs comprising the Special Risk Insurance Fund, and shall present findings from such review to the Congress in the FHA Annual Management Report.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §238, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title I, §104(a), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 486; amended Pub. L. 91–152, title IV, §415, Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 401; Pub. L. 91–351, title V, §503, July 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 461; Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §117(d), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1775; Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §318, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 685; Pub. L. 95–128, title III, §309, Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1135; Pub. L. 103–233, title I, §§103(g)(1), 105(a), Apr. 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 362, 363.)

Subsection (k) of section 1710 of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), was repealed by Pub. L. 105–276, title VI, §601(c), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2673.

Section 1715z–2 of this title, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (b), was repealed by Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2120(a)(6), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835.

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

**1994**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–233, §105(a), struck out after fourth sentence “There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be needed from time to time to cover losses sustained by the fund in carrying out the mortgage insurance obligations of sections 1715n(e), 1715x(a)(2), 1715z, 1715z–1, 1715z–2, and 1715z–8 of this title.”

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 103–233, §103(g)(1), added par. (3).

**1977**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–128 substituted provisions of pars. (1) and (2) respecting mortgage insurance for military impacted areas, criteria therefore, and establishment of premiums and other charges for prior subsec. (c), which had authorized use of the Special Risk Insurance Fund to carry out mortgage insurance obligations of sections 1709 and 1713 of this title to provide housing for military personnel, Federal civilian employees, and Federal contractor employees assigned to duty or employed at or in connection with any installation of the Armed Forces in federally impacted areas where in the judgment of the Secretary (1) the residual housing requirements for persons not associated with such installations were insufficient to sustain the housing market in the event of substantial curtailment of employment of personnel assigned to such installations, and (2) the benefits to be derived from such use outweighed the risk of possible cost to the Government.

**1974**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–383 added subsec. (c).

**1970**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 91–351, §503(1), inserted references to section 1715z–8 of this title wherever appearing.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–609 provided for guarantee as to principal and interest by any agency of the United States and for investment of moneys in bonds or other obligations the proceeds of which will be used to directly support the residential mortgage market.

Pub. L. 91–351, §503(2), inserted references to section 1715z–8 of this title wherever appearing.

**1969**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–152 increased from $5,000,000 to a total sum of $20,000,000, at such times and in such amounts as he may determine to be necessary, the amount authorized to be advanced by the Secretary to the Fund.

1 See References in Text note below.

The Secretary shall not consent to any request for an extension of the time for curing a default under any mortgage covering multifamily housing, as defined in the regulations of the Secretary, or for a modification of the terms of such mortgage, except in conformity with regulations prescribed by the Secretary in accordance with the provisions of this section. Such regulations shall require, as a condition to the granting of any such request, that, during the period of such extension or modification, any part of the rents or other funds derived by the mortgagor from the property covered by the mortgage which is not required to meet actual and necessary expenses arising in connection with the operation of such property, including amortization charges under the mortgage, be held in trust by the mortgagor and distributed only with the consent of the Secretary; except that the Secretary may provide for the granting of consent to any request for an extension of the time for curing a default under any mortgage covering multifamily housing, or for a modification of the term of such mortgage, without regard to the foregoing requirement, in any case or class of cases in which an exemption from such requirement does not (as determined by the Secretary) jeopardize the interests of the United States.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §239, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title III, §302, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 506; amended Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §416(c), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1908.)

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–242 struck out “insured” before “mortgages” in section catchline, and struck out subsec. (a) designation and subsec. (b) which related to violations and penalties imposed for violations of the provisions of former subsec. (a).

(1) The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (referred to in this section as the “Secretary”) may request the Attorney General to bring an action in a United States district court to recover any assets or income used by any person in violation of (A) a regulatory agreement that applies to a multifamily project, nursing home, intermediate care facility, board and care home, assisted living facility, or hospital whose mortgage is or, at the time of the violations, was insured or held by the Secretary under title II of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1707 et seq.]; (B) a regulatory agreement that applies to a multifamily project whose mortgage is or, at the time of the violations, was insured or held by the Secretary under section 1701q of this title (including property subject to section 1701q of this title as it existed before November 28, 1990); (C) a regulatory agreement or such other form of regulatory control as may be imposed by the Secretary that applies to mortgages insured or held or, at the time of the violations, was 1 insured or held by the Secretary under section 1715z–22 of this title, but not reinsured under section 1715z–22 of this title; or (D) any applicable regulation. For purposes of this section, a use of assets or income in violation of the regulatory agreement, or such other form of regulatory control as may be imposed by the Secretary, or any applicable regulation shall include any use for which the documentation in the books and accounts does not establish that the use was made for a reasonable operating expense or necessary repair of the property and has not been maintained in accordance with the requirements of the Secretary and in reasonable condition for proper audit.

(2) For purposes of a mortgage insured or held by the Secretary under title II of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1707 et seq.], under section 1701q of this title (including section 1701q of this title as it existed before November 28, 1990) and under section 1715z–22 of this title, the term “any person” shall mean any person or entity that owns or operates a property, as identified in the regulatory agreement, including but not limited to—

(A) any stockholder holding 25 percent or more interest of a corporation that owns that property;

(B) any beneficial owner of the property under any business or trust;

(C) any officer, director, or partner of an entity owning or controlling the property;

(D) any nursing home lessee or operator;

(E) any hospital lessee or operator;

(F) any other person or entity that controls the property regardless of that person or entity's official relationship to the property; and

(G) any heir, assignee, successor in interest, or agent of any person or entity described in the preceding subparagraphs.

The Attorney General, upon request of the Secretary, shall have the exclusive authority to authorize the initiation of proceedings under this section. Pending final resolution of any action under this section, the court may grant appropriate temporary or preliminary relief, including restraining orders, injunctions, and acceptance of satisfactory performance bonds, to protect the interests of the Secretary and to prevent use of assets or income in violation of the regulatory agreement, or such other form of regulatory control as may be imposed by the Secretary, and any applicable regulation and to prevent loss of value of the realty and personalty involved.

In any judgment favorable to the United States entered under this section, the Attorney General may recover double the value of the assets and income of the property that the court determines to have been used in violation of the regulatory agreement, or such other form of regulatory control as may be imposed by the Secretary, or any applicable regulation, plus all costs relating to the action, including but not limited to reasonable attorney and auditing fees. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary may apply the recovery, or any portion of the recovery, to the property or to the applicable insurance fund under the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] or, in the case of any project for which the mortgage is held by the Secretary under section 1701q of this title (including property subject to section 1701q of this title as it existed before November 28, 1990), to the project or to the Department for use by the appropriate office within the Department for administrative costs related to enforcement of the requirements of the various programs administered by the Secretary, as appropriate.

Notwithstanding any other statute of limitations, the Secretary may request the Attorney General to bring an action under this section at any time up to and including 6 years after the latest date that the Secretary discovers any use of a property's assets and income in violation of the regulatory agreement, or such other form of regulatory control as may be imposed by the Secretary, or any applicable regulation.

The remedy provided by this section is in addition to any other remedies available to the Secretary or the United States.

(Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §421, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1913; Pub. L. 105–65, title V, §563, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1419; Pub. L. 108–447, div. I, title II, §220, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3319; Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title III, §324, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2466.)

The National Housing Act, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (c), is act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, as amended, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). Title II of the National Housing Act is classified generally to this subchapter (§1707 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1701 of this title and Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1987, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**2005**—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 109–115, §324(1), inserted “or, at the time of the violations, was” after “is”.

Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 109–115, §324(2), inserted “or, at the time of the violations, was insured or held” after “held”.

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 108–447, §220(3), substituted “property” for “project” in second sentence.

Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 108–447, §220(1), inserted “, nursing home, intermediate care facility, board and care home, assisted living facility, or hospital” after “project”.

Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 108–447, §220(2), inserted “or, at the time of the violations, was” after “whose mortgage is”.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 108–447, §220(4), substituted “that owns or operates a property, as identified in the regulatory agreement, including but not limited to—” and subpars. (A) to (G) for “which owns a project, as identified in the regulatory agreement, including but not limited to any stockholder holding 25 percent or more interest of a corporation that owns the project; any beneficial owner under any business or trust; any officer, director, or partner of an entity owning the project; and any heir, assignee, successor in interest, or agent of any owner.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–447, §220(5), substituted “property that the court determines” for “project that the court determines” and “property or to the applicable insurance fund” for “project or to the applicable insurance fund”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 108–447, §220(6), substituted “a property's” for “project”.

**1997**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–65, §563(1), substituted “(B) a regulatory agreement that applies to a multifamily project whose mortgage is insured or held by the Secretary under section 1701q of this title (including property subject to section 1701q of this title as it existed before November 28, 1990); (C) a regulatory agreement or such other form of regulatory control as may be imposed by the Secretary that applies to mortgages insured or held by the Secretary under section 542 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992, but not reinsured under section 542 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992; or (D)” for “or (B)” in first sentence and inserted “, or such other form of regulatory control as may be imposed by the Secretary,” after “regulatory agreement” in second sentence.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–65, §563(2), inserted “under section 1701q of this title (including section 1701q of this title as it existed before November 28, 1990) and under section 542 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992,” after “title II of National Housing Act,”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–65, §563(3), inserted “, or such other form of regulatory control as may be imposed by the Secretary,” after “regulatory agreement”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–65, §563(4), in first sentence, inserted “, or such other form of regulatory control as may be imposed by the Secretary,” after “regulatory agreement” and inserted before period at end of second sentence “or, in the case of any project for which the mortgage is held by the Secretary under section 1701q of this title (including property subject to section 1701q of this title as it existed before November 28, 1990), to the project or to the Department for use by the appropriate office within the Department for administrative costs related to enforcement of the requirements of the various programs administered by the Secretary, as appropriate”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–65, §563(5), inserted “, or such other form of regulatory control as may be imposed by the Secretary,” after “regulatory agreement”.

The Secretary is authorized, upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, to make commitments to insure and to insure loans made by financial institutions for the purpose of financing purchases by homeowners of the fee simple title to property on which their homes are located.

As used in this section—

(1) the term “financial institution” means a lender approved by the Secretary as eligible for insurance under section 1703 of this title or a mortgagee approved under section 1709(b)(1) of this title; and

(2) the term “homeowner” means a lessee under a long-term ground lease.

To be eligible for insurance under this section, a loan shall—

(1) relate to property on which there is located a dwelling designed principally for a one-, two-, three-, or four-family residence;

(2) not exceed the cost of purchasing the fee simple title, or $10,000 ($30,000, if the property is located in Hawaii) per family unit, whichever is the lesser;

(3) be limited to an amount which when added to any outstanding indebtedness related to the property (as determined by the Secretary) creates a total outstanding indebtedness which does not exceed the applicable mortgage limit prescribed in section 1709(b) of this title;

(4) bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee;

(5) have a maturity satisfactory to the Secretary, but not to exceed twenty years from the beginning of amortization of the loan; and

(6) comply with such other terms, conditions, and restrictions as the Secretary may prescribe.

The provisions of paragraphs (3), (5), (6), (7), (8), and (10) of section 1715k(h) of this title shall be applicable to loans insured under this section and, as applied to loans insured under this section, references in those paragraphs to “home improvement loans” and “this subsection” shall be construed to refer to loans under this section.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §240, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title III, §304(a), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 507; amended Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §314, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2099; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §333(f), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1653; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §404(b)(13), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1210; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(a)(10), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2232.)

**1984**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–479 substituted “purchases” for “purchasers”.

**1983**—Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 98–181 substituted provision that the interest rate be such rate as agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee for provision that the interest rate not exceed such per centum per annum, not in excess of 6 per centum, on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time, as the Secretary finds necessary to meet market conditions, and such other charges as approved by the Secretary.

**1980**—Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 96–399 struck out “or three-quarters of the remaining economic life of the home, whichever is the lesser” after “loan”.

**1978**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 95–557 inserted “($30,000, if the property is located in Hawaii)” after “$10,000”.

With respect to a multifamily project, hospital, or group practice facility covered by a mortgage insured under any section or subchapter of this chapter or covered by a mortgage held by the Secretary, the Secretary is authorized, upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, to make commitments to insure, and to insure, supplemental loans (including advances during construction or improvement) made by financial institutions approved by the Secretary. As used in this section, “supplemental loan” means a loan, advance of credit, or purchase of an obligation representing a loan or advance of credit made for the purpose of financing improvements or additions to such project, hospital, or facility: *Provided*, That a loan involving a nursing home, hospital, or a group practice facility may also be made for the purpose of financing equipment to be used in the operation of such nursing home, hospital, or facility.

To be eligible for insurance under this section, a supplemental loan shall—

(1) be limited to 90 per centum of the amount which the Secretary estimates will be the value of such improvements, additions, and equipment, except that such amount when added to the outstanding balance of the mortgage covering the project or facility, shall not exceed the maximum mortgage amount insurable under the section or subchapter pursuant to which the mortgage covering such project or facility is insured or an amount acceptable to the Secretary;

(2) have a maturity satisfactory to the Secretary;

(3) bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the borrower and the financial institution;

(4) be secured in such manner as the Secretary may require;

(5) be governed by the labor standards provisions of section 1715c of this title that are applicable to the section or subchapter pursuant to which the mortgage covering the project or facility is insured or pursuant to which the original mortgage covering the project or facility was insured; and

(6) contain such other terms, conditions, and restrictions as the Secretary may prescribe.

The provisions of subsections (d), (e), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (*l*), and (n) of section 1713 of this title shall be applicable to loans insured under this section, except that (1) all references to the term “mortgage” shall be construed to refer to the term “loan” as used in this section, (2) loans involving projects covered by a mortgage insured under section 1715e of this title that is the obligation of the Cooperative Management Housing Insurance Fund shall be insured under and shall be the obligation of such fund, and (3) loans involving projects covered by a mortgage insured under section 1715z–1 of this title shall be insured under and shall be the obligation of the Special Risk Insurance Fund.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Secretary may insure a loan for improvements or additions to a multifamily housing project, or a group practice or medical practice facility or hospital or other health facility approved by the Secretary, which is not covered by a mortgage insured under this chapter, if he finds that such a loan would assist in preserving, expanding, or improving housing opportunities, or in providing protection against fire or other hazards. Such loans shall have a maturity satisfactory to the Secretary and shall meet such other conditions as the Secretary may prescribe. In no event shall such a loan be insured if it is for an amount in excess of the maximum amount which could be approved if the outstanding indebtedness, if any, covering the property were a mortgage insured under this chapter. At any sale under foreclosure of a mortgage on a project or facility which is not insured under this chapter but which is senior to a loan assigned to the Secretary pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, the Secretary is authorized to bid, in addition to amounts authorized under section 1713(k) of this title, any sum up to but not in excess of the total unpaid indebtedness secured by such senior mortgage, plus taxes, insurance, foreclosure costs, fees, and other expenses. In the event that, pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, the Secretary acquires title to, or is assigned, a loan covering a project or facility which is subject to a mortgage which is not insured under this chapter, the Secretary is authorized to make payments from the General Insurance Fund on the debt secured by such mortgage, and to take such other steps as the Secretary may deem appropriate to preserve or protect the Secretary's interest in the project or facility.

(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the Secretary may insure a loan for purchasing and installing energy conserving improvements (as defined in subparagraph (2) of the last paragraph of section 1703(a) of this title), for purchasing and installing a solar energy system (as defined in subparagraph (3) of the last paragraph of section 1703(a) of this title), and for purchasing or installing (or both) individual utility meters in a multifamily housing project if such meters are purchased or installed in connection with other energy conserving improvements or with a solar energy system or the project meets minimum standards of energy conservation established by the Secretary, without regard to whether the project is covered by a mortgage under this chapter.

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, a loan insured under this subsection shall—

(A) not exceed an amount which the Secretary determines is necessary for the purchase and installation of individual utility meters plus an amount which the Secretary deems appropriate taking into account amounts which will be saved in operation costs over the period of repayment of the loan by reducing the energy requirements of the project as a result of the installation of energy conserving improvements or a solar energy system therein;

(B) be insured for 90 percent of any loss incurred by the person holding the note for the loan; except that, for cooperative multifamily projects receiving assistance under section 1715z–1 of this title or financed with a below market interest rate mortgage insured under section 1715*l*(d)(3) of this title, 100 percent of any such loss may be insured;

(C) bear an interest rate not to exceed an amount which the Secretary determines, after consulting with the Secretary of Energy, to be necessary to meet market demands;

(D) have a maturity satisfactory to the Secretary;

(E) be insured pursuant to a premium rate established on a sound actuarial basis to the extent practicable;

(F) be secured in such manner as the Secretary may require;

(G) be an acceptable risk in that energy conservation or solar energy benefits to be derived outweigh the risks of possible loss to the Federal Government; and

(H) contain such other terms, conditions, and restrictions as the Secretary may prescribe.

(3) The provisions of subsection (c) of this section shall apply to loans insured under this subsection.

(4) The Secretary shall provide that any person obligated on the note for any loan insured under this section be regulated or restricted, until the termination of all obligations of the Secretary under the insurance, by the Secretary as to rents or sales, charges, capital structure, rate of return, and methods of operations of the multifamily project to such an extent and in such manner as to provide reasonable rentals to tenants and a reasonable return on the investment.

(1) When underwriting a rehabilitation loan under this section in connection with eligible multifamily housing, the Secretary may assume that any rental assistance provided for purposes of servicing the additional debt will be extended for the term of the rehabilitation loan. The Secretary shall exercise prudent underwriting practices in insuring rehabilitation loans under this section. For purposes of this subsection, the term “eligible multifamily housing” means any housing financed by a loan or mortgage that is—

(A) insured or held by the Secretary under section 1715*l*(d)(3) of this title and assisted under section 1701s of this title or section 1437f of title 42;

(B) insured or held by the Secretary and bears interest at a rate determined under the proviso of section 1715*l*(d)(5) of this title; or

(C) insured, assisted or held by the Secretary under section 1715z–1 of this title.

(2) A mortgagee approved by the Secretary may not withhold consent to a rehabilitation loan insured in connection with eligible multifamily housing on which that mortgagee holds a mortgage.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §241, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title III, §307, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 508; amended Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §111, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1772; Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §313, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 684; Pub. L. 94–375, §5, Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1070; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §311(b), Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2098; Pub. L. 95–619, title II, §247, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3234; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §319, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1119; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §314, Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1645; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §404(b)(14), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1210; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(a)(11), (12), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2232; Pub. L. 100–242, title II, §231, title IV, §429(c), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1884, 1918; Pub. L. 101–235, title II, §§203(c), (d), 204(b), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2038, 2039; Pub. L. 101–625, title VI, §602(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4275; Pub. L. 102–550, title III, §§316(a), (b), 317(c), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3771, 3772; Pub. L. 104–204, title II, Sept. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 2885.)

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a), (d), and (e)(1), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

**1996**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–204 struck out subsec. (f), which related to insurance for second mortgage financing.

**1992**—Subsec. (f)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 102–550, §316(a)(1), inserted “the amount of rehabilitation costs required by the plan of action and related charges and” after “equal to”.

Subsec. (f)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 102–550, §317(c)(1), struck out “and” at end.

Subsec. (f)(3)(B). Pub. L. 102–550, §316(a)(2), inserted “and the amount of rehabilitation costs required by the plan of action and related charges and” after “1990”.

Subsec. (f)(5)(A). Pub. L. 102–550, §316(a)(3)(B), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: “have a maturity and provisions for amortization satisfactory to the Secretary, bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and mortgagee, and be secured in such manner as the Secretary may require; and”.

Subsec. (f)(5)(B), (C). Pub. L. 102–550, §316(a)(3), added subpar. (B) and redesignated former subpar. (B) as (C).

Subsec. (f)(6). Pub. L. 102–550, §317(c)(2), which directed the substitution of “acquisition loan” for “acquisiton loan” in par. (7), was executed by making the substitution in par. (6) to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening redesignation of par. (7) as (6) by Pub. L. 102–550, §316(a)(5). See below.

Pub. L. 102–550, §316(a)(4), (5), redesignated par. (7) as (6) and struck out former par. (6) which read as follows: “The Secretary may provide for combination of loans insured under subsection (d) of this section with equity and acquisition loans insured under this subsection.”

Subsec. (f)(7) to (9). Pub. L. 102–550, §316(a)(5), redesignated pars. (7) to (9) as (6) to (8), respectively.

Subsec. (f)(10). Pub. L. 102–550, §316(b), added par. (10).

**1990**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–625 amended subsec. (f) generally, substituting present provisions for provisions relating to insurance of “equity loans” under the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987, providing for eligibility for such insurance, providing that a qualified nonprofit organization or limited equity tenant cooperative corporation may constitute an owner of housing for purposes of receiving an insured loan, providing for applicability of certain provisions of section 1713 of this title, and providing that an approved mortgagee may not withhold consent to an equity loan on property on which mortgagee holds a mortgage.

**1989**—Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 101–235, §203(c)(1), inserted at end “When underwriting an equity loan under this subsection, the Secretary may assume that the rental assistance provided in accordance with an approved plan of action under section 225(b) of the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987 will be extended for the full term of the contract entered into under section 225(c) of that Act. The Secretary may accelerate repayment of a loan under this section in the event rental assistance is not extended under section 225(c) of that Act or the Secretary is unable to develop a revised package of incentives to the owner comparable to those received under the original approved plan of action.”

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 101–235, §203(c)(2), inserted “public entity,” after “A”.

Subsec. (f)(6). Pub. L. 101–235, §203(d), added par. (6).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–235, §204(b), added subsec. (g).

**1988**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 100–242, §429(c), substituted “borrower and the financial institution” for “mortgagor and the mortgagee”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–242, §231, added subsec. (f).

**1984**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–479, §204(a)(11), substituted “to make” for “to made”.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 98–479, §204(a)(12), substituted “or facility” for “of facility” before “is insured”.

**1983**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 98–181 substituted provision that the interest rate be such a rate as agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee for provision that the interest rate, exclusive of premium charges for insurance and service charges, not exceed such per centum per annum, not in excess of 6 per centum, on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time, as the Secretary finds necessary to meet market conditions.

**1980**—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 96–399 inserted provisions respecting requirements for purchase or installation in connection with other energy conserving improvements, etc.

**1979**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 96–153 struck out “but not to exceed the remaining term of the mortgage” after “the Secretary”.

**1978**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–557 inserted provision relating to the amounts the Secretary is authorized to bid at any sale under foreclosure of a mortgage on a project or facility which is not insured under this chapter but which is senior to a loan assigned to the Secretary pursuant to subsection (c), and such other steps the Secretary is authorized to take to preserve or protect his interest in the project or facility.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–619 added subsec. (e).

**1976**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–375 inserted “, hospital,” after “multifamily project”, “additions to such project”, “involving a nursing home”, and “of such nursing home”.

**1974**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93–383 added subsec. (d).

**1970**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–609, §111(1), (2), inserted in first sentence “or covered by a mortgage held by the Secretary” after “this chapter” and substituted in proviso “a nursing home or a group practice facility” for “a nursing home covered by a mortgage insured under section 1715w of this title or a loan involving a group practice facility covered by a mortgage insured under subchapter IX–B of this chapter”, respectively.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 91–609, §111(3), inserted “or an amount acceptable to the Secretary” before semicolon at end.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 91–609, §111(4), inserted “or pursuant to which the original mortgage covering the project or facility was insured” before semicolon at end.

Amendment by section 231 of Pub. L. 100–242 applicable to any project that is eligible low income housing on or after Nov. 1, 1987, see section 235 of Pub. L. 100–242.

Section 316(c) of Pub. L. 102–550 directed Secretary, not later than the expiration of 45-day period beginning on Oct. 28, 1992, to issue regulations implementing subsec. (f)(1) of this section and provided that such regulations are not subject to requirements of 5 U.S.C. 553.

Insurance for second mortgage financing provided under former subsec. (f) of this section not to be offered as incentive under the Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990 (12 U.S.C. 4101 et seq.) and the Emergency Low Income Housing Preservation Act of 1987 (Pub. L. 100–242, title II, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1877, as amended), see title II in part of Pub. L. 104–204, set out as a Low-Income Housing Preservation note under section 4101 of this title.

Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to implement system of mortgage insurance for mortgages insured under this section that delegates processing functions to selected approved mortgagees, with Secretary to retain authority to approve rents, expenses, property appraisals, and mortgage amounts and to execute firm commitments, see section 328 of Pub. L. 101–625, set out as a note under section 1713 of this title.

The purpose of this section is to assist the provision of urgently needed hospitals for the care and treatment of persons who are acutely ill or who otherwise require medical care and related services of the kind customarily furnished only (or most effectively) by hospitals. Such assistance shall be provided regardless of the amount of public financial or other support a hospital may receive, and the Secretary shall neither require additional security or collateral to guarantee such support, nor impose more stringent eligibility or other requirements on publicly owned or supported hospitals.

For the purposes of this section—

(1) the term “hospital” means a facility—

(A) which provides community service for inpatient medical care of the sick or injured (including obstetrical care);

(B) not more than 50 per centum of the total patient days of which during any year are customarily assignable to the categories of chronic convalescent and rest, drug and alcoholic, epileptic, mentally deficient, mental, nervous and mental, and tuberculosis, unless the facility is a critical access hospital (as that term is defined in section 1861(mm)(1) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(mm)(1))); and

(C) which is a public facility, proprietary facility, or facility of a private nonprofit corporation or association, licensed or regulated by the State (or, if there is no State law providing for such licensing or regulation by the State, by the municipality or other political subdivision in which the facility is located); and

(2) the terms “mortgage” and “mortgagor” shall have the meanings respectfully set forth in section 1713(a) of this title.

The Secretary is authorized to insure any mortgage (including advances on such mortgage during construction) in accordance with the provisions of this section upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe and to make commitments for insurance of such mortgage prior to the date of its execution or disbursement thereon. No mortgage insurance premium shall be charged with respect to the amount of principal and interest guaranteed by the Department of Health and Human Services under title VII of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 292 et seq.].

In order to carry out the purpose of this section, the Secretary is authorized to insure any mortgage which covers a new or rehabilitated hospital, including equipment to be used in its operation, subject to the following conditions:

(1) The mortgage shall be executed by a mortgagor approved by the Secretary. The Secretary may in his discretion require any such mortgagor to be regulated or restricted as to charges and methods of financing, and, in addition thereto, if the mortgagor is a corporate entity, as to capital structure and rate of return. As an aid to the regulation or restriction of any mortgagor with respect to any of the foregoing matters, the Secretary may make such contracts with and acquire for not to exceed $100 such stock or interest in such mortgagor as he may deem necessary. Any stock or interest so purchased shall be paid for out of the General Insurance Fund, and shall be redeemed by the mortgagor at par upon the termination of all obligations of the Secretary under the insurance.

(2) The mortgage shall involve a principal obligation in the amount requested by the mortgagor if such amount does not exceed 90 percent of the estimated replacement cost of the property or project including—

(A) equipment to be used in the operation of the hospital, when the proposed improvements are completed and the equipment is installed; and

(B) a solar energy system (as defined in subparagraph (3) of the last paragraph of section 1703(a) of this title) or residential energy conservation measures (as defined in section 8211(11)(A) through (G) and (I) of title 42) 1 in cases where the Secretary determines that such measures are in addition to those required under the minimum property standards and will be cost-effective over the life of the measure.

(3) The mortgage shall—

(A) provide for complete amortization by periodic payments within such term as the Secretary shall prescribe; and

(B) bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee.

(4)(A) The Secretary shall require satisfactory evidence that the hospital will be located in a State or political subdivision of a State with reasonable minimum standards of licensure and methods of operation for hospitals and satisfactory assurance that such standards will be applied and enforced with respect to the hospital.

(B) The Secretary shall establish the means for determining need and feasibility for the hospital, if the State does not have an official procedure for determining need for hospitals. If the State has an official procedure for determining need for hospitals, the Secretary shall require that such procedure be followed before the application for insurance is submitted, and the application shall document that need has also been established under that procedure.

(5) The Secretary shall not insure any mortgage or approve any modification of an existing mortgage insured pursuant to this section or section 1715n(f) of this title if such insurance or modification is to be made in connection with a guarantee, as authorized pursuant to section 1721 of this title, of a trust certificate or other security which is exempt from Federal taxation or which is to be used to collateralize obligations which are so exempt, except that the Secretary shall not refuse to insure such a mortgage or approve such a modification solely on the basis that such insurance or modification is to be made in connection with a guarantee, as authorized pursuant to section 1721 of this title, of a trust certificate or other security which is exempt from Federal taxation or which is to be used to collateralize obligations which are so exempt if—

(A) a written application for such insurance or modification submitted at the express direction of the hospital has been submitted to the appropriate office of the Department of Health and Human Services prior to March 29, 1979; or

(B) in the case of a nonprofit mortgagor which is seeking refinancing or modification of an existing mortgage insured pursuant to this section or section 1715n(f) of this title, the mortgagor (i) had engaged an investment banker for the purpose of obtaining such refinancing or modification, or had undertaken or arranged for the undertaking of a market or feasibility study with respect to the advisability of obtaining such refinancing or modification, and had made written notification of its interest in such refinancing or modification to the Department of Health and Human Services or the Department of Housing and Urban Development prior to June 7, 1979; and (ii) receives from the programs established under titles XVIII [42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.] and XIX [42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.] of the Social Security Act a percentage of its total revenue which is greater than 125 per centum of the national average for hospitals which derive revenue from such titles.

This paragraph shall not limit the authority of the Secretary to approve a mortgage increase on any mortgage eligible for insurance under this paragraph at any time prior to final endorsement of the loan for insurance; except that such mortgage increase may not be approved for the cost of constructing any improvements not included in the original plans and specifications approved by the Department of Health and Human Services unless approved by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and by the Secretary of Health and Human Services.

(6) To the extent that a private nonprofit or public facility mortgagor is required by the Secretary to provide cash equity in excess of the amount of the mortgage to complete the project, the mortgagor shall be entitled, at the option of the mortgagee, to fund the excess with a letter of credit. In such event, mortgage proceeds may be advanced to the mortgagor prior to any demand being made on the letter of credit.

The Secretary may consent to the release of a part or parts of the mortgaged property or project from the lien of any mortgage insured under this section upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe.

The activities and functions provided for in this section shall be carried out by the agencies involved so as to encourage programs that undertake responsibility to provide comprehensive health care, including outpatient and preventive care, as well as hospitalization, to a defined population, and, in the case of public hospitals, to encourage programs that are undertaken to provide essential health care services to all residents of a community regardless of ability to pay. The Secretary shall begin immediately to process applications of public facilities for mortgage insurance under this section in accordance with regulations, guidelines, and procedures applicable to facilities of private nonprofit corporations and associations.

(1) Notwithstanding any of the other provisions of this subchapter, the Secretary may insure under this section a mortgage which provides permanent financing or refinancing of existing mortgage indebtedness in the case of a hospital whose permanent financing is presently lacking, if the construction of such hospital was completed between January 1, 1966, and August 1, 1968.

(2) The aggregate principal balance of all mortgages insured under paragraph (1) and outstanding at any one time shall not exceed $20,000,000.

The provisions of subsections (d), (e), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (*l*), and (n) of section 1713 of this title shall apply to mortgages insured under this section and all references therein to section 1713 of this title shall be deemed to refer to this section.

The exemption for critical access hospitals under subsection (b)(1)(B) of this section shall have no effect after July 31, 2011.

Not later than 3 years after July 31, 2003, the Secretary shall submit a report to Congress detailing the effects of the exemption of critical access hospitals from the provisions of subsection (b)(1)(B) of this section on—

(A) the provision of mortgage insurance to hospitals under this section; and

(B) the General Insurance Fund established under section 1735c of this title.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §242, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XV, §1501, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 599; amended Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §§109, 110(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1772; Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §304(i), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 678; Pub. L. 95–128, title III, §308, Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1135; Pub. L. 96–88, title V, §509(b), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 695; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §315, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1117; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §310(h), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1643; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §339H, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 418; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §§404(b)(15), 436, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1210, 1222; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §§201(a)(1), 204(a)(13), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2227, 2232; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §§411(a), 412(a)–(d), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1905, 1906; Pub. L. 108–91, §§2(a), 3(a), Oct. 3, 2003, 117 Stat. 1158; Pub. L. 109–240, §2, July 10, 2006, 120 Stat. 515.)

The Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, 58 Stat. 682, as amended. Title VII of the Act was added by act July 30, 1956, ch. 779, §2, 70 Stat. 717, and is classified generally to subchapter V (§292 et seq.) of chapter 6A of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section 8211 of title 42, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(B), was omitted from the Code pursuant to section 8229 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, which terminated authority under that section on June 30, 1989.

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(5)(B), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620, as amended. Titles XVIII and XIX of the Act are classified generally to subchapters XVIII (§1395 et seq.) and XIX (§1396 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

**2006**—Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 109–240 substituted “July 31, 2011” for “July 31, 2006”.

**2003**—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 108–91, §3(a)(1), inserted “, unless the facility is a critical access hospital (as that term is defined in section 1861(mm)(1) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(mm)(1)))” after “tuberculosis”.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 108–91, §2(a), amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows: “The Secretary shall not insure any mortgage under this section unless he has received, from the State agency designated in accordance with section 604(a)(1) or section 1521 of the Public Health Service Act for the State in which is located the hospital covered by the mortgage, a certification that (A) there is a need for such hospital, and (B) there are in force in such State or the political subdivision of the State in which the proposed hospital would be located reasonable minimum standards of licensure and methods of operation for hospitals. No such mortgage shall be insured under this section unless the Secretary has received such assurance as he may deem satisfactory from the State agency that such standards will be applied and enforced with respect to any hospital located in the State for which mortgage insurance is provided under this section. If no such State agency exists, or if the State agency exists but is not empowered to provide a certification that there is a need for the hospital as set forth in clause (A) of the first sentence, the Secretary shall not insure any mortgage under this section unless (A) the State in which the hospital is located has conducted or commissioned and paid for the preparation of an independent study of market need and feasibility that (i) is prepared in accordance with the principles established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants; (ii) assesses, on a marketwide basis, the impact of the proposed hospital on, and its relationship to, other health care facilities and services, the percentage of excess beds, demographic projections, alternative health care delivery systems, and the reimbursement structure of the hospital; (iii) is addressed to and is acceptable to the Secretary in form and substance; and (iv) in the event the State does not prepare the study, is prepared by a financial consultant selected by the State and approved by the Secretary; and (B) the State complies with the other provisions of this paragraph that would otherwise be required to be met by a State agency designated in accordance with section 604(a)(1) or section 1521 of the Public Health Service Act. The proposed mortgagor may reimburse the State for the cost of the independent feasibility study required in the preceding sentence.”

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 108–91, §3(a)(2), added subsec. (i).

**1988**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–242, §412(a), inserted at end “Such assistance shall be provided regardless of the amount of public financial or other support a hospital may receive, and the Secretary shall neither require additional security or collateral to guarantee such support, nor impose more stringent eligibility or other requirements on publicly owned or supported hospitals.”

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 100–242, §412(b), substituted “The mortgage shall involve a principal obligation in the amount requested by the mortgagor if such amount does not exceed 90 percent of the estimated replacement cost of the property or project including” for “The mortgage shall involve a principal obligation in an amount not to exceed 90 per centum of the estimated replacement cost of the property or project including”.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 100–242, §411(a), inserted provisions at end relating to authority of Secretary to insure a mortgage under this section covering new or rehabilitated hospitals, including equipment, in cases where no State agency exists, or where such agency does exist but is not empowered to provide a certification for the need of such hospital as required under this section.

Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 100–242, §412(c), added par. (6).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–242, §412(d), inserted at end “The Secretary shall begin immediately to process applications of public facilities for mortgage insurance under this section in accordance with regulations, guidelines, and procedures applicable to facilities of private nonprofit corporations and associations.”

**1984**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–479, §201(a)(1), substituted “Health and Human Services” for “Health, Education, and Welfare”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(A). Pub. L. 98–479, §204(a)(13), substituted a semicolon for the comma at end.

**1983**—Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 98–181, §436(1), inserted “public facility,” after “which is a”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B). Pub. L. 98–181, §404(b)(15), substituted provision that the interest rate be such a rate as agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee for provision that the interest rate, exclusive of premium charges for insurance and service charges, not exceed such per centum per annum, not in excess of 6 per centum, on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time, as the Secretary finds necessary to meet the mortgage market.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–181, §436(2), inserted “, and in the case of public hospitals, to encourage programs that are undertaken to provide essential health care services to all residents of a community regardless of ability to pay” after “defined population”.

**1981**—Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 97–35 inserted provisions respecting limitation on authority of the Secretary to approve mortgage increases on eligible mortgages.

**1980**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 96–399 revised existing provisions into introductory paragraph and subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B).

**1979**—Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 96–153 added par. (5).

**1977**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–128, §308(b), prohibited charging any mortgage insurance premium with respect to the amount of principal and interest guaranteed by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare under title VII of the Public Health Service Act.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 95–128, §308(a), inserted reference to section 1521.

**1974**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 93–383 struck out “not to exceed $50,000,000, and” after “an amount”.

**1970**—Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 91–609, §110(a), substituted as definition of “hospital” a facility “which is a proprietary facility, or facility of a private nonprofit corporation or association, licensed or regulated by the State (or, if there is no State law providing for such licensing or regulation by the State, by the municipality or other political subdivision in which the facility is located)” for “prior definition as a facility which is owned and operated by one or more nonprofit corporations or associations no part of the net earnings of which inures, or may lawfully inure, to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual”.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 91–609, §109, increased limitation on amount of mortgage from $25,000,000 to $50,000,000.

Pub. L. 108–91, §2(b), Oct. 3, 2003, 117 Stat. 1158, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

“Department of Health and Human Services” substituted for “Department of Health, Education, and Welfare” in subsec. (d)(5)(A), (B) pursuant to section 509(b) of Pub. L. 96–88, which is classified to section 3508(b) of Title 20, Education.

Section 411(b) of Pub. L. 100–242 directed Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to issue regulations to carry out amendment of this section by not later than expiration of 90-day period following Feb. 5, 1988.

Secretary of Housing and Urban Development directed to issue regulations implementing amendments to this section by section 436 of Pub. L. 98–181, not later than Oct. 31, 1984, see section 104(f) of Pub. L. 98–479, set out as a note under section 1715b of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

Whenever he determines such action to be necessary in furtherance of the purposes set forth in section 501 of the Emergency Home Finance Act of 1970, the Secretary is authorized to make, and to contract to make, periodic assistance payments on behalf of families of middle income. The assistance shall be accomplished through interest subsidy payments to the Federal National Mortgage Association or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (hereinafter referred to as “the investor”) with respect to mortgages meeting the special requirements specified in this section and made after July 24, 1970.

To qualify for assistance payments a middle-income family shall be a mortgagor under a mortgage which is (1) insured under subsection (j) of this section, (2) guaranteed under chapter 37 of title 38, or (3) a conventional mortgage meeting the requirements of subsection (j)(3) of this section. In addition to the foregoing requirement, the Secretary may require that the mortgagor have an income, at the time of acquisition of the property, of not more than the median income for the area in which the property is located, as determined by the Secretary, with appropriate adjustments for smaller and larger families.

The interest subsidy payments authorized by this section shall cease when (1) the mortgagor no longer occupies the property which secures the mortgage, (2) the mortgages are no longer held by the investor, or (3) the rate of interest paid by the mortgagor reaches the rate of interest specified on the mortgage.

(1) Interest subsidy payments shall be on mortgages on which the mortgagor makes monthly payments towards principal and interest equal to an amount which would be required if the mortgage bore an effective interest rate of 7 per centum per annum including any discounts or charges in the nature of points or otherwise (but not including premiums, if any, for mortgage insurance) or such higher rate (not to exceed the rate specified in the mortgage), which the mortgagor could pay by applying at least 20 per centum of his income towards homeownership expenses. As used in this subsection, the term “monthly homeownership expense” includes the monthly payment for principal, interest, mortgage insurance premium, insurance, and taxes due under the mortgage.

(2) In addition to the mortgages eligible for assistance under paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Secretary is authorized to make periodic assistance payments on behalf of cooperative members of middle income. Such assistance payments shall be accomplished through interest subsidy payments to the investor with respect to mortgages insured (subsequent to July 24, 1970) under section 1715e of this title which are executed by cooperatives, the membership in which is limited to middle-income families. For purposes of this paragraph—

(A) the term “mortgagor”, when used in subsection (b) of this section in the case of a mortgage covering a cooperative housing project, means a member of the cooperative;

(B) the term “acquisition of the property”, when used in subsection (b) of this section, means the family's application for a dwelling unit; and

(C) in the case of a cooperative mortgagor, subsection (c) of this section shall not apply and the interest subsidy payments shall cease when the mortgage is no longer held by the investor or the cooperative fails to limit membership to families whose incomes at the time of their application for a dwelling unit meets such requirements as are laid down by the Secretary pursuant to subsection (b) of this section.

The interest subsidy payments shall be in an amount equal to the difference, as determined by the Secretary, between the total amount of interest per calendar quarter received by the investor on mortgages assisted under this section and purchased by it and the total amount of interest which the investor would have received if the yield on such mortgages was equal to the sum of (1) the average costs (expressed as an annual percentage rate) to it of all borrowed funds outstanding in the immediately preceding calendar quarter, and (2) such per centum per annum as will provide for administrative and other expenses of the investor and a reasonable economic return, as determined by the Secretary to be necessary and appropriate taking into account the purpose of this section to provide additional mortgage credit at reasonable rates of interest to middle-income families.

Procedures shall be adopted by the Secretary for recertifications of the mortgagor's income at intervals of two years (or at shorter intervals where the Secretary deems it desirable) for the purpose of adjusting the amount of the mortgagor's payments pursuant to subsection (d) of this section.

The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as he deems necessary to assure that the sales price of, or other consideration paid in connection with, the purchase by a homeowner of the property with respect to which assistance payments are to be made is not increased above the appraised value on which the maximum mortgage which the Secretary will insure is computed.

(1) There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to enable the Secretary to make interest subsidy payments under contracts entered into under this section. The aggregate amount of contracts to make such payments shall not exceed amounts approved in appropriation Acts, and payments pursuant to such contracts shall not exceed $105,000,000 during the first year of such contracts prior to July 1, 1971, which amount shall be increased by an additional $105,000,000 during the first year of an additional number of such contracts on July 1 of each of the years 1971 and 1972.

(2) No interest subsidy payments under this section shall be made after June 30, 1973, except pursuant to contracts entered into on or before such date.

In determining the income of any family for the purposes of this section, income from all sources of each member of the family in the household shall be included, except that the Secretary shall exclude income earned by any minor person.

(1) The Secretary is authorized, upon application by the mortgagee, to insure a mortgage executed by a mortgagor who meets the eligibility requirements for assistance payments prescribed by the Secretary under subsection (b) of this section. Commitments for the insurance of such mortgages may be issued by the Secretary prior to the date of their execution or disbursement thereon, upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe.

(2) To be eligible for insurance under this subsection, a mortgage shall meet the requirements of section 1715*l*(d)(2) or 1715y(c) of this title, except as such requirements are modified by this subsection: *Provided, however*, That in the discretion of the Secretary 25 per centum of the authority conferred by this section and subject to all the terms thereof may be used for mortgages on existing housing.

(3) A mortgage to be insured under this section shall—

(i) involve a single-family dwelling which has been approved by the Secretary prior to the beginning of construction, or a one-family unit in a condominium project (together with an undivided interest in the common areas and facilities serving the project) which is released from a multifamily project, the construction of which has been completed within two years prior to the filing of the application for assistance payments with respect to such family unit and the unit shall have had no previous occupant other than the mortgagor;

(ii) involve a single-family dwelling whose appraised value, as determined by the Secretary, is not in excess of $20,000 (which amount may be increased by not more than 50 per centum in any geographical area where the Secretary authorizes an increase on the basis of a finding that the cost level so requires); and

(iii) be executed by a mortgagor who shall have paid in cash or its equivalent on account of the property (A) 3 per centum of the first $15,000 of the appraised value of the property, (B) 10 per centum of such value in excess of $15,000 but not in excess of $25,000, and (C) 20 per centum of such value in excess of $25,000.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §243, as added Pub. L. 91–351, title V, §502, July 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 458; amended Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(a)(14), (15), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2232.)

Section 501 of the Emergency Home Finance Act of 1970, referred to in subsec. (a), is section 501 of Pub. L. 91–351, which is set out as a note below.

**1984**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 98–479, §204(a)(14), redesignated subpars. (1), (2), and (3) as subpars. (A), (B), and (C), respectively.

Subsec. (j)(3)(ii). Pub. L. 98–479, §204(a)(15), substituted “; and” for period at end.

Section 501 of Pub. L. 91–351 provided that: “The Congress finds that—

“(1) periodic episodes of monetary stringency and high interest rates make it extremely difficult for families of middle income to obtain mortgage credit at rates which they can afford to pay;

“(2) periods of monetary stringency and high interest rates are directly related to the Government's monetary and fiscal policies;

“(3) a disproportionate share of the burden of sustaining these anti-inflationary policies of the Government falls on families of middle income who are buyers or prospective buyers of homes; and

“(4) the Government has a responsibility to lessen the disproportionate burden which such families bear as a result of such policies.

It is the purpose of this title [enacting this section, and amending sections 1715z–3 and 1719 of this title] to provide, during periods of high mortgage interest rates, a source of mortgage credit for such families which is within their financial means.”

In addition to providing insurance as otherwise authorized under this chapter, and notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter inconsistent with this section, the Secretary, upon request of any mortgagee and for such mortgage insurance premium as he may prescribe (which premium, or other charges to be paid by the mortgagor, shall not exceed the premium, or other charges, that would otherwise be applicable), may insure and make a commitment to insure under any provision of this subchapter any mortgage, advance, or loan otherwise eligible under such provision, pursuant to a co-insurance contract providing that the mortgagee will—

(1) assume a percentage of any loss on the insured mortgage, advance, or loan in direct proportion to the amount of the co-insurance, which co-insurance shall not be less than 10 per centum, subject to any reasonable limit or limits on the liability of the mortgagee that may be specified in the event of unusual or catastrophic losses that may be incurred by any one mortgagee; and

(2) carry out (under a delegation or otherwise and with or without compensation but subject to audit, exception, or review requirements) such credit approval, appraisal, inspection, commitment, property disposition, or other functions as the Secretary, pursuant to regulations, shall approve as consistent with the purposes of this chapter.

Any contract of co-insurance under this section shall contain such provisions relating to the sharing of premiums on a sound actuarial basis, establishment of mortgage reserves, manner of calculating insurance benefits, conditions with respect to foreclosure, handling and disposition of property prior to claim or settlement, rights of assignees (which may elect not to be subject to the loss sharing provisions), and other similar matters as the Secretary may prescribe pursuant to regulations. A mortgagee which enters into a contract of co-insurance under this section shall not by reason of such contract, or its adherence to such contract or applicable regulations of the Secretary, including provisions relating to the retention of risks in the event of sale or assignment of a mortgage, be made subject to any State law regulating the business of insurance.

No insurance shall be granted pursuant to this section with respect to dwellings or projects approved for insurance prior to the beginning of construction unless the inspection of such construction is conducted in accordance with at least the minimum standards and criteria used with respect to dwellings or projects approved for mortgage insurance pursuant to other provisions of this subchapter.

The Secretary shall not withdraw, deny, or delay insurance otherwise authorized under any other provision of this chapter by reason of the availability of insurance pursuant to this section. The Secretary shall exercise his authority under this section only to the extent that he finds that the continued exercise of such authority will not adversely affect the flow of mortgage credit to older and declining neighborhoods and to the purchasers of older and lower cost housing.

(1) Where the mortgage covers a multifamily housing project, the co-insurance contract may provide that the mortgagee assume (i) the full amount of any loss on the insured mortgage up to an amount equal to a fixed percentage of the outstanding principal balance of the mortgage at the time of claim for insurance benefits, or (ii) the full amount of any losses on insured mortgages in a portfolio of mortgages approved by the Secretary up to an amount equal to a fixed percentage of the outstanding principal balance of all mortgages in such portfolio at the time of claim for insurance benefits on a mortgage in the portfolio, plus a share of any loss in excess of the amount under clause (i) or (ii), whichever is applicable.

(2) The Secretary may make loans, from the applicable insurance fund, to public housing agencies in connection with mortgages which have been insured pursuant to this subsection and which are in default.

(3) The Secretary may insure and make a commitment to insure in connection with a co-insurance contract pursuant to this subsection (A) a mortgage on a project assisted under the second proviso in the first sentence of section 1715z–1(b) of this title, and (B) a mortgage or advance on a mortgage made to a public housing agency on a project under construction which is not approved for insurance prior to construction.

(4) As used in this subsection, the term “public housing agency” has the meaning given such term in section 1437a(b)(6) of title 42.

(5) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the Secretary may include in the determination of replacement cost of a project to be covered by a mortgage made to a public housing agency and insured pursuant to this subsection, such reserves and development costs, not to exceed 5 per centum of the amount otherwise allowable, as may be established or authorized by the public housing agency consistent with such agency's procedures and underwriting standards.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, in the case of a mortgage insured under section 1715n(f) of this title secured by property which is to be rehabilitated or developed under section 1437*o* 1 of title 42, such co-insurance may include provisions that—

(1) insurance benefits shall equal the sum of (A) 90 per centum of the mortgage on the date of institution of foreclosure proceedings (or on the date of acquisition of the property otherwise after default), and (B) 90 per centum of interest arrears on the date benefits are paid;

(2) the mortgagee shall remit to the Secretary, for credit to the General Insurance Fund, 90 per centum of any proceeds of the property, including sale proceeds, net of the mortgagee's actual and reasonable costs related to the property and the enforcement of security;

(3) payment of such benefits shall be made in cash unless the mortgagee submits a written request for debenture payment; and

(4) the underwriter of co-insurance may reinsure 10 per centum of the mortgage amount with a private mortgage insurance company or with a State mortgage insurance agency.

Any mortgagee which enters into a contract of co-insurance under this section shall have the authority to assign its interest in any note or mortgage subject to a contract of co-insurance to a warehouse bank or other financial institution which provides interim funding for a loan co-insured under this section, and to retain the co-insurance risk of such note or mortgage, upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary shall prescribe.

The Secretary shall, by January 15 and July 15 of each year (1) review the adequacy of capital and other requirements for mortgagees under this section, (2) assess the compliance by mortgagees with such requirements, and (3) make such adjustment to such requirements as the Secretary, after providing opportunity for hearing, determines to be appropriate to improve the long-term financial soundness of the Federal Housing Administration funds. Such requirements shall include the minimum capital or net worth of mortgagees; the ratio that mortgagees shall maintain between the mortgagee's capital and the volume of mortgages co-insured by such mortgagee; and such other requirements as the Secretary determines to be appropriate to ensure the long-term financial soundness of the Federal Housing Administration funds. The Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs of the House of Representatives a report on the review and assessment under the previous sentence, and an explanation of the Secretary's reasons for making any adjustment in requirements authorized under this section.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §244, as added Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §307, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 679; amended Pub. L. 94–375, §6, Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1070; Pub. L. 95–60, §1(d), June 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 257; Pub. L. 95–80, §1(d), July 31, 1977, 91 Stat. 339; Pub. L. 95–128, title III, §301(f), Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1131; Pub. L. 95–406, §1(f), Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 879; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §301(f), Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2096; Pub. L. 96–71, §1(f), Sept. 28, 1979, 93 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 96–105, §1(f), Nov. 8, 1979, 93 Stat. 794; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §301(f), Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1111; Pub. L. 96–372, §1(f), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1363; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §301(f), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1638; Pub. L. 96–470, title I, §107(a), Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2238; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §331(f), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 413; Pub. L. 97–289, §1(f), Oct. 6, 1982, 96 Stat. 1230; Pub. L. 98–35, §1(f), May 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 98–109, §1(f), Oct. 1, 1983, 97 Stat. 745; Pub. L. 98–181, title III, §303(a), title IV, §§401(e), 434, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1206, 1207, 1222; Pub. L. 98–479, title I, §104(a)(5), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2225; Pub. L. 99–120, §1(e), Oct. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 502; Pub. L. 99–156, §1(e), Nov. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 815; Pub. L. 99–219, §1(e), Dec. 26, 1985, 99 Stat. 1730; Pub. L. 99–267, §1(e), Mar. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 73; Pub. L. 99–272, title III, §3007(e), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 105; Pub. L. 99–289, §1(b), May 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 99–345, §1, June 24, 1986, 100 Stat. 673; Pub. L. 99–430, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 986; Pub. L. 100–122, §1, Sept. 30, 1987, 101 Stat. 793; Pub. L. 100–154, Nov. 5, 1987, 101 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 100–170, Nov. 17, 1987, 101 Stat. 914; Pub. L. 100–179, Dec. 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 1018; Pub. L. 100–200, Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §§401(a)(3), 414, 429(g), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1898, 1907, 1919; Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §139(a), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2029.)

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a), (e), and (f)(5), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, as amended, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Section 1437*o* of title 42, referred to in subsec. (h), was repealed by Pub. L. 101–625, title II, §289(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4128.

**1989**—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 101–235 added subsec. (i) relating to annual review of, and assessment of compliance with, requirements.

**1988**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–242, §414(a), struck out subsec. (c) which read as follows: “No insurance shall be granted pursuant to this section unless the Secretary has, after due consultation with the mortgage lending industry, determined that the demonstration program of co-insurance authorized by this section will not disrupt the mortgage market or reduce the availability of mortgage credit to borrowers who depend upon mortgage insurance provided under this chapter.”

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–242, §401(a)(3), struck out subsec. (d) which read as follows: “No mortgage, advance, or loan shall be insured pursuant to this section after March 15, 1988, except pursuant to a commitment to insure made before that date.”

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–242, §429(g)(1), which directed that subsec. (g) be amended by striking out par. (2) which read: “The second sentence of subsection (d) of this section shall not apply to mortgages made to public housing agencies, but for purposes of such second sentence such mortgages shall not be counted in the aggregate principal amount of all mortgages insured under this subchapter.”, and by redesignating former pars. (3) to (6) as (2) to (5), was executed to subsec. (f) to reflect the probable intent of Congress, because of the prior redesignation of subsec. (g) as (f) by Pub. L. 96–470, §107(a).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 100–242, §§414(b)(1), 429(g)(2), made identical amendments, substituting “co-insurance” for “coinsurance” in introductory provision and par. (4).

Pub. L. 100–242, §401(a)(3), struck out at end “No commitment for insurance pursuant to this subsection may be issued after March 15, 1988.”

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 100–242, §414(b)(2), added subsec. (i).

**1987**—Subsecs. (d), (h). Pub. L. 100–200 substituted “March 15, 1988” for “December 16, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–179 substituted “December 16, 1987” for “December 2, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–170 substituted “December 2, 1987” for “November 15, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–154 substituted “November 15, 1987” for “October 31, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–122 substituted “October 31, 1987” for “September 30, 1987”.

**1986**—Subsecs. (d), (h). Pub. L. 99–430 substituted “September 30, 1987” for “September 30, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–345 substituted “September 30, 1986” for “June 6, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–289 substituted “June 6, 1986” for “April 30, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–272 made amendment identical to Pub. L. 99–219. See 1985 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 99–267 substituted “April 30, 1986” for “March 17, 1986”.

**1985**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–219, §1(e)(1), substituted “March 17, 1986” for “December 15, 1985”.

Pub. L. 99–156, §1(e)(1), substituted “December 15, 1985” for “November 14, 1985”.

Pub. L. 99–120, §1(e)(1), substituted “November 14, 1985” for “September 30, 1985”.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 99–219, §1(e)(2), substituted “after March 17, 1986” for “on or after December 16, 1985”.

Pub. L. 99–156, §1(e)(2), substituted “December 16, 1985” for “November 15, 1985”.

Pub. L. 99–120, §1(e)(2), substituted “November 15, 1985” for “October 1, 1985”.

**1984**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–479 amended subsec. (d) generally, thereby striking out last sentence which provided: “The aggregate principal amount of mortgages and loans insured pursuant to this section in any fiscal year beginning on or after July 1, 1974, and ending prior to October 1, 1985, shall not exceed 20 per centum of the aggregate principal amount of all mortgages and loans insured under this subchapter during such fiscal year.”

**1983**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–181, §401(e)(3), which directed that last two sentences of subsec. (d) be struck out was executed by striking out last sentence which provided that the overall percentage limitation specified in the preceding sentence also apply separately within each of the categories of mortgages and loans covering one- to four-family dwellings and mortgages and loans covering projects with five or more dwelling units, as the probable intent of Congress, in view of the amendment to the next to last sentence by section 401(e)(2) of Pub. L. 98–181.

Pub. L. 98–181, §401(e)(1), (2), substituted “September 30, 1985” for “November 30, 1983” and “October 1, 1985” for “December 1, 1983”.

Pub. L. 98–109 substituted “November 30, 1983” for “September 30, 1983” and “December 1, 1983” for “October 1, 1983”.

Pub. L. 98–35 substituted “September 30, 1983” for “May 20, 1983” and “October 1, 1983” for “May 21, 1983”.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 98–181, §434(1), struck out “the mortgagee is a public housing agency or an insured depository institution and” after “Where”. Notwithstanding the directory language that amendment be made to subsec. (g)(1), the amendment was executed to subsec. (f)(1) to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening redesignation of subsec. (g) as (f) by Pub. L. 96–470.

Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 98–181, §434(2), substituted reference to section 1437a(b)(6) of title 42 for reference to section 1437a(6) of title 42 and struck out provision which defined the term “insured depository institution” as any savings bank, savings and loan association, commercial bank or other such depository institution whose deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation, or by an agency or instrumentality of a State. Notwithstanding the directory language that amendment be made to subsec. (g)(5), the amendment was executed to subsec. (f)(5) to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening redesignation of subsec. (g) as (f) by Pub. L. 96–470.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 98–181, §303(a), added subsec. (h).

**1982**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–289 substituted “May 20, 1983” and “May 21, 1983” for “September 30, 1982” and “October 1, 1982”, respectively.

**1981**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–35 substituted “1982” for “1981” in two places.

**1980**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–399 substituted “September 30, 1981” and “October 1, 1981” for “October 15, 1980” and “October 16, 1980”, respectively.

Pub. L. 96–372 substituted “October 15, 1980” and “October 16, 1980” for “September 30, 1980” and “October 1, 1980”, respectively.

Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 96–470 struck out subsec. (f) and redesignated subsec. (g) as (f).

**1979**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–153 substituted “September 30, 1980” for “November 30, 1979” and “October 1, 1980” for “December 1, 1979”.

Pub. L. 96–105 substituted “November 30, 1979” and “December 1, 1979” for “October 31, 1979” and “November 1, 1979”, respectively.

Pub. L. 96–71 substituted “October 31, 1979” and “November 1, 1979” for “September 30, 1979” and “October 1, 1979”, respectively.

**1978**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–557 substituted “September 30, 1979” for “October 31, 1978” and “October 1, 1979” for “November 1, 1978”.

Pub. L. 95–406 substituted “October 31, 1978” for “September 30, 1978” and “November 1, 1978” for “October 1, 1978”.

**1977**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–128 substituted “September 30, 1978” for “September 30, 1977” and “October 1, 1978” for “October 1, 1977”.

Pub. L. 95–80 substituted “September 30, 1977” for “July 31, 1977”.

Pub. L. 95–60 substituted “July 31, 1977” for “June 30, 1977”.

**1976**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–375, §6(b), inserted, in text following par. (2), a provision excluding a mortgagee which enters into a contract under this section from regulation by state insurance laws.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 94–375, §6(a), added subsec. (g).

Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Banking and Financial Services of House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress. Committee on Banking and Financial Services of House of Representatives abolished and replaced by Committee on Financial Services of House of Representatives, and jurisdiction over matters relating to securities and exchanges and insurance generally transferred from Committee on Energy and Commerce of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Seventh Congress, Jan. 3, 2001.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Two subsecs. (i) have been enacted.

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §245, as added Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §308, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 680; amended Pub. L. 94–375, §7, Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1071; Pub. L. 95–128, title III, §§301(g), 310, Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1131, 1136; Pub. L. 95–406, §1(g), Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 879; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §301(g), Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2096; Pub. L. 95–630, title XV, §1503, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3713; Pub. L. 96–71, §1(g), Sept. 28, 1979, 93 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 96–105, §1(g), Nov. 8, 1979, 93 Stat. 794; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §§301(g), 311(b), Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1112, 1115; Pub. L. 96–372, §1(g), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1363; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §301(g), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1638; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §331(g) Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 413; Pub. L. 97–289, §1(g), Oct. 6, 1982, 96 Stat. 1230; Pub. L. 98–35, §1(g), May 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 98–109, §1(g), Oct. 1, 1983, 97 Stat. 745; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §§401(f), 441, 442, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1208, 1223, 1224; Pub. L. 99–120, §1(f), Oct. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 502; Pub. L. 99–156, §1(f), Nov. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 815; Pub. L. 99–219, §1(f), Dec. 26, 1985, 99 Stat. 1730; Pub. L. 99–267, §1(f), Mar. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 73; Pub. L. 99–272, title III, §3007(f), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 105; Pub. L. 99–289, §1(b), May 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 99–345, §1, June 24, 1986, 100 Stat. 673; Pub. L. 99–430, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 986; Pub. L. 100–122, §1, Sept. 30, 1987, 101 Stat. 793; Pub. L. 100–154, Nov. 5, 1987, 101 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 100–170, Nov. 17, 1987, 101 Stat. 914; Pub. L. 100–179, Dec. 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 1018; Pub. L. 100–200, Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §§401(a)(4), 408(b), 415(b)(1), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1898, 1903, 1907; Pub. L. 107–326, §3, Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2793, related to graduated payment and indexed mortgages.

In any case which the Secretary sells a multifamily housing project acquired as the result of a default on a mortgage which was insured under this chapter to a cooperative which will operate it on a nonprofit basis and restrict permanent occupancy of its dwellings to members, or to a nonprofit corporation which operates as a consumer cooperative as defined by the Secretary, the Secretary may accept a purchase money mortgage, or upon application of the mortgagee, insure a mortgage under this section upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary determines are reasonable and appropriate, in a principal amount equal to the value of the property at the time of purchase, which value shall be based upon a mortgage amount on which the debt service can be met from the income of property when operated on a nonprofit basis after payment of all operating expenses, taxes, and required reserves; except that the Secretary may add to the mortgage amount an amount not greater than the amount of prepaid expenses and costs involved in achieving cooperative ownership, or make such other provisions for payment of such expenses and costs as the Secretary deems reasonable and appropriate. Prior to such disposition of a project, funds may be expended by the Secretary for necessary repairs and improvements.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §246, as added Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §315, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 684; amended Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §322, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2102.)

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–557 inserted “or to a nonprofit corporation which operates as a consumer cooperative as defined by the Secretary” after “dwellings to members” and “or upon application of the mortgagee, insure a mortgage under this section upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary determines are reasonable and appropriate” after “purchase money mortgage” and substituted “the value of the property at the time of purchase, which value shall be based upon a mortgage amount on which the debt service can be met from the income of property when operated on a nonprofit basis after payment of all operating expenses, taxes, and required reserves; except that the Secretary may add to the mortgage amount an amount not greater than the amount of prepaid expenses and costs involved in achieving cooperative ownership, or make such other provision for payment of such expenses and costs as the Secretary deems reasonable and appropriate” for “the sum of (1) the appraised value of the property at the time of purchase, which value shall be based upon a mortgage amount on which the debt service can be met from the income of the property when operated on a nonprofit basis and after payment of all operating expenses, taxes and required reserves, and (2) the amount of prepaid expenses and costs involved in achieving cooperative ownership”.

During fiscal year 1997 and fiscal years thereafter, the Secretary may manage and dispose of multifamily properties owned by the Secretary, including, for fiscal years 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, and thereafter, the provision of grants and loans from the General Insurance Fund (12 U.S.C. 1735c) for the necessary costs of rehabilitation, demolition, or construction on the properties (which shall be eligible whether vacant or occupied), and multifamily mortgages held by the Secretary on such terms and conditions as the Secretary may determine, notwithstanding any other provision of law. A grant provided under this subsection during fiscal years 2006 through 2010 shall be available only to the extent that appropriations are made in advance for such purposes and shall not be derived from the General Insurance Fund.

Notwithstanding the authority under subsection (a) of this section and the last sentence of section 1710(g) of this title, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall transfer ownership of any qualified HUD property, subject to the requirements of this section, to a unit of general local government having jurisdiction for the area in which the property is located or to a community development corporation which operates within such a unit of general local government in accordance with this subsection, but only to the extent that units of general local government and community development corporations consent to transfer and the Secretary determines that such transfer is practicable.

For purposes of this subsection, the term “qualified HUD property” means any property for which, as of the date that notification of the property is first made under paragraph (3)(B), not less than 6 months have elapsed since the later of the date that the property was acquired by the Secretary or the date that the property was determined to be unoccupied or substandard, that is owned by the Secretary and is—

(A) an unoccupied multifamily housing project;

(B) a substandard multifamily housing project; or

(C) an unoccupied single family property that—

(i) has been determined by the Secretary not to be an eligible asset under section 1710(h) of this title; or

(ii) is an eligible asset under such section 1710(h) of this title, but—

(I) is not subject to a specific sale agreement under such section; and

(II) has been determined by the Secretary to be inappropriate for continued inclusion in the program under such section 1710(h) of this title pursuant to paragraph (10) of such section.

The Secretary shall establish procedures that provide for—

(A) time deadlines for transfers under this subsection;

(B) notification to units of general local government and community development corporations of qualified HUD properties in their jurisdictions;

(C) such units and corporations to express interest in the transfer under this subsection of such properties;

(D) a right of first refusal for transfer of qualified HUD properties to units of general local government and community development corporations, under which—

(i) the Secretary shall establish a period during which the Secretary may not transfer such properties except to such units and corporations;

(ii) the Secretary shall offer qualified HUD properties that are single family properties for purchase by units of general local government at a cost of $1 for each property, but only to the extent that the costs to the Federal Government of disposal at such price do not exceed the costs to the Federal Government of disposing of property subject to the procedures for single family property established by the Secretary pursuant to the authority under the last sentence of section 1710(g) of this title;

(iii) the Secretary may accept an offer to purchase a property made by a community development corporation only if the offer provides for purchase on a cost recovery basis; and

(iv) the Secretary shall accept an offer to purchase such a property that is made during such period by such a unit or corporation and that complies with the requirements of this paragraph; and

(E) a written explanation, to any unit of general local government or community development corporation making an offer to purchase a qualified HUD property under this subsection that is not accepted, of the reason that such offer was not acceptable.

With respect to any qualified HUD property, if the Secretary does not receive an acceptable offer to purchase the property pursuant to the procedure established under paragraph (3), the Secretary shall dispose of the property to the unit of general local government in which property is located or to community development corporations located in such unit of general local government on a negotiated, competitive bid, or other basis, on such terms as the Secretary deems appropriate.

Before transferring ownership of any qualified HUD property pursuant to this subsection, the Secretary shall satisfy any indebtedness incurred in connection with the property to be transferred, by canceling the indebtedness.

To ensure compliance with the requirements of this subsection, the Secretary shall take the following actions:

Upon the enactment of this subsection [December 21, 2000], the Secretary shall promptly assess each residential property owned by the Secretary to determine whether such property is a qualified HUD property.

Upon acquiring any residential property, the Secretary shall promptly determine whether the property is a qualified HUD property.

The Secretary shall periodically reassess the residential properties owned by the Secretary to determine whether any such properties have become qualified HUD properties.

This subsection shall not affect the terms or the enforceability of any contract or lease entered into with respect to any residential property before the date that such property becomes a qualified HUD property.

Property transferred under this subsection shall be used only for appropriate neighborhood revitalization efforts, including homeownership, rental units, commercial space, and parks, consistent with local zoning regulations, local building codes, and subdivision regulations and restrictions of record.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, this subsection shall not apply to any properties that the Secretary determines are to be made available for use by the homeless pursuant to subpart E of part 291 of title 24, Code of Federal Regulations, during the period that the properties are so available.

This subsection may not be construed to alter, affect, or annul any legally binding obligations entered into with respect to a qualified HUD property before the property becomes a qualified HUD property.

For purposes of this subsection, the following definitions shall apply:

The term “community development corporation” means a nonprofit organization whose primary purpose is to promote community development by providing housing opportunities for low-income families.

The term “cost recovery basis” means, with respect to any sale of a residential property by the Secretary, that the purchase price paid by the purchaser is equal to or greater than the sum of: (i) the appraised value of the property, as determined in accordance with such requirements as the Secretary shall establish; and (ii) the costs incurred by the Secretary in connection with such property during the period beginning on the date on which the Secretary acquires title to the property and ending on the date on which the sale is consummated.

The term “multifamily housing project” has the meaning given the term in section 1701z–11 of this title.

The term “residential property” means a property that is a multifamily housing project or a single family property.

The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

The term “severe physical problems” means, with respect to a dwelling unit, that the unit—

(i) lacks hot or cold piped water, a flush toilet, or both a bathtub and a shower in the unit, for the exclusive use of that unit;

(ii) on not less than three separate occasions during the preceding winter months, was uncomfortably cold for a period of more than 6 consecutive hours due to a malfunction of the heating system for the unit;

(iii) has no functioning electrical service, exposed wiring, any room in which there is not a functioning electrical outlet, or has experienced three or more blown fuses or tripped circuit breakers during the preceding 90-day period;

(iv) is accessible through a public hallway in which there are no working light fixtures, loose or missing steps or railings, and no elevator; or

(v) has severe maintenance problems, including water leaks involving the roof, windows, doors, basement, or pipes or plumbing fixtures, holes or open cracks in walls or ceilings, severe paint peeling or broken plaster, and signs of rodent infestation.

The term “single family property” means a 1- to 4-family residence.

The term “substandard” means, with respect to a multifamily housing project, that 25 percent or more of the dwelling units in the project have severe physical problems.

The term “unit of general local government” has the meaning given such term in section 5302(a) of title 42.

The term “unoccupied” means, with respect to a residential property, that the unit of general local government having jurisdiction over the area in which the project is located has certified in writing that the property is not inhabited.

Not later than 30 days after December 21, 2000, the Secretary shall issue such interim regulations as are necessary to carry out this subsection.

Not later than 60 days after December 21, 2000, the Secretary shall issue such final regulations as are necessary to carry out this subsection.

(Pub. L. 104–204, title II, §204, Sept. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 2894; Pub. L. 105–65, title II, §213, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1366; Pub. L. 105–276, title II, §206, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2484; Pub. L. 106–74, title V, §537, Oct. 20, 1999, 113 Stat. 1122; Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §204], Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1441, 1441A–24; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [title I, §141], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–614; Pub. L. 109–171, title II, §2003(a), Feb. 8, 2006, 120 Stat. 9.)

Section was enacted as part of the Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1997, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**2006**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–171 inserted at end “A grant provided under this subsection during fiscal years 2006 through 2010 shall be available only to the extent that appropriations are made in advance for such purposes and shall not be derived from the General Insurance Fund.”

**2000**—Pub. L. 106–554 substituted “Disposition of HUD-owned properties” for “Flexible authority” in section catchline, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).

Pub. L. 106–377 substituted “2000, and thereafter” for “and 2000”.

**1999**—Pub. L. 106–74 substituted “1999, and 2000” for “and 1999” and “, demolition, or construction on the properties (which shall be eligible whether vacant or occupied)” for “or demolition”.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–276 substituted “fiscal years 1997, 1998, and 1999” for “fiscal years 1997 and 1998”.

**1997**—Pub. L. 105–65 inserted “, including, for fiscal years 1997 and 1998, the provision of grants and loans from the General Insurance Fund (12 U.S.C. 1735c) for the necessary costs of rehabilitation or demolition,” after “owned by the Secretary”.

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–171 not applicable to any transaction that formally commences within one year prior to Feb. 8, 2006, see section 2003(c) of Pub. L. 109–171, set out as a note under section 1701z–11 of this title.

The Secretary, subject to such conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, may insure under any provision of this subchapter that authorizes such insurance, a mortgage covering a property upon which there is located a one- to four-family residence, without regard to any limitation in this chapter relating to marketability of title or any other limitation in this chapter that the Secretary determines is contrary to promoting the availability of such insurance on Hawaiian home lands, if—

(1) the mortgage is executed by a native Hawaiian on property located within Hawaiian home lands covered under a homestead lease issued under section 207(a) of the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act, 1920, or under the corresponding provision of the Constitution of the State of Hawaii adopted under section 4 of the Act entitled “An Act to provide for the admission of the State of Hawaii into the Union”, approved March 18, 1959 (73 Stat. 5);

(2) the property will be used as the principal residence of the mortgagor; and

(3) the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands of the State of Hawaii (A) is a comortgagor; (B) guarantees to reimburse the Secretary for any mortgage insurance claim paid in connection with a property on Hawaiian home lands; or (C) offers other security acceptable to the Secretary.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the Secretary may, with respect to mortgages eligible for insurance under subsection (a) of this section, insure and make commitments to insure advances made during construction if the Secretary determines that the proposed construction is otherwise acceptable and that no feasible financing alternative is available.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the insurance of a mortgage using the authority contained in this section shall be the obligation of the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund. The mortgagee shall be eligible to receive the benefits of insurance as provided in section 1710 of this title with respect to mortgages insured pursuant to this section, except that all references in section 1710 of this title to section 1709 of this title shall be construed to refer to the section under which the mortgage is insured.

For purposes of this section:

The term “native Hawaiian” means any descendant of not less than one-half part of the blood of the races inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands before January 1, 1778, or, in the case of an individual who is awarded an interest in a lease of Hawaiian home lands through transfer or succession, such lower percentage as may be established for such transfer or succession under section 208 or 209 of the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act of 1920 (42 Stat. 111), or under the corresponding provision of the Constitution of the State of Hawaii adopted under section 4 of the Act entitled “An Act to provide for the admission of the State of Hawaii into the Union”, approved March 18, 1959 (73 Stat. 5).

The term “Hawaiian home lands” means all lands given the status of Hawaiian home lands under section 204 of the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act of 1920 (42 Stat. 110), or under the corresponding provision of the Constitution of the State of Hawaii adopted under section 4 of the Act entitled “An Act to provide for the admission of the State of Hawaii into the Union”, approved March 18, 1959 (73 Stat. 5).

Possession of a lease of Hawaiian home lands issued under section 207(a) of the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act of 1920 (42 Stat. 110), shall be sufficient to certify eligibility to receive a mortgage under this section.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §247, as added Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §421, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1213; amended Pub. L. 100–202, §101(f) [title I, §101], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–187, 1329–191; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §§413(a), (b), 429(h), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1906, 1919; Pub. L. 100–628, title X, §1065, Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3275; Pub. L. 107–73, title II, §215, Nov. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 677; Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2119(a), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835.)

The Hawaiian Homes Commission Act, 1920, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is act July 9, 1921, ch. 42, 42 Stat. 108, as amended. The Hawaiian Homes Commission Act of 1920, referred to in subsecs. (d) and (e), probably means the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act, 1920. Sections 204, 207, 208, and 209 of that Act were classified to sections 698, 701, 702, and 703 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions, and were omitted from the Code.

Section 4 of the Act entitled “An Act to provide for the admission of the State of Hawaii into the Union”, approved Mar. 18, 1959 (73 Stat. 5), referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (d), is section 4 of Pub. L. 86–3, Mar. 18, 1959, 73 Stat. 5, which is set out as a note preceding section 491 of Title 48.

**2008**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–289 substituted “Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund” for “General Insurance Fund established in section 1735c of this title” and struck out “(1) all references in section 1710 of this title to the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund or the Fund shall be construed to refer to the General Insurance Fund; and (2)” after “except that”.

**2001**—Subsec. (d)(1), (2). Pub. L. 107–73, §215(1), added pars. (1) and (2) and struck out former pars. (1) and (2) which read as follows:

“(1) The term ‘native Hawaiian’ means any descendant of not less than one-half part of the blood of the races inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands before January 1, 1778 (or, in the case of an individual who succeeds a spouse or parent in an interest in a lease of Hawaiian home lands, such lower percentage as may be established for such succession under section 209 of the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act, 1920, or under the corresponding provision of the Constitution of the State of Hawaii adopted under section 4 of the Act entitled ‘An Act to provide for the admission of the State of Hawaii into the Union’, approved March 18, 1959 (73 Stat. 5)).

“(2) The term ‘Hawaiian home lands’ means all lands given the status of Hawaiian home lands under section 204 of the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act, 1920, or under the corresponding provision of the Constitution of the State of Hawaii adopted under section 4 of the Act entitled ‘An Act to provide for the admission of the State of Hawaii into the Union’, approved March 18, 1959 (73 Stat. 5).”

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 107–73, §215(2), added subsec. (e).

**1988**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 100–242, §429(h), substituted “mortgagor” for “Mortgagor”.

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 100–628 clarified amendment by Pub. L. 100–242, §413(a), (b).

Pub. L. 100–242, §413(a), (b), made amendment identical to Pub. L. 100–202. See 1987 Amendment note below.

**1987**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–202 added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–202 extended subsec. (c)(1) term “native Hawaiian” to include in the case of succession in an interest in a lease of Hawaiian homelands any descendant of a percentage less than one-half of the blood of the races inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands before Jan. 1, 1778, as may be established under statute or constitution for succession; and redesignated subsec. (c), including such par. (1), as subsec. (d).

The Secretary, subject to such special conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, may insure under any provision of this subchapter that authorizes such insurance, a mortgage covering a property upon which there is located a one- to four-family residence, without regard to any limitation in this chapter relating to marketability of title or any other limitation in this chapter that the Secretary determines is contrary to promoting the availability of such insurance on Indian reservations if the mortgage (1) is executed by an Indian tribe and the property is located on trust or otherwise restricted land; or (2) is executed by a member of an Indian tribe who will use the property as a principal residence and the property is on trust or otherwise restricted land.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, with respect to mortgages covering a property upon which there is located a one- to four-family residence—

(1) the Secretary may insure and make commitments to insure under this subchapter pursuant to this section advances made during construction where the Secretary determines that the proposed construction is otherwise acceptable and meets an applicable tribal or national model building code, and that no feasible financing alternative is available;

(2) the applicable percentage limitation on the amount of the principal obligation of a mortgage based on the appraised value or replacement cost, as appropriate, of a one- to four-family owner-occupied residence contained in this subchapter shall apply in the case of all mortgages insured pursuant to this section without regard to whether the residences are owner-occupied where the residences are owned by the tribe; and

(3)(A) the Secretary may require an Indian tribe, only as a condition of insurance made under this subchapter pursuant to this section, to pledge income from tribal resources or income from tribal assets not subject to a restriction by the Secretary of the Interior or pledge grants under title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 [42 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.] or any other Federal grant program administered by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to be used to reimburse the Secretary for any mortgage insurance claims paid in connection with residences insured pursuant to this section; or

(B) in the case of an individual Indian mortgagor, the Secretary may require a pledge of his or her share of distributed income from tribal resources or income from tribal assets, excluding any Federal grants received by the tribe.

The Secretary may not refuse to insure a mortgage under this section to an individual home purchaser because there is no distributed tribal or trust fund income attributable to that purchaser.

Before making any commitment to insure a mortgage under this section with respect to property located on trust or otherwise restricted land, the Secretary shall require a showing by the tribe that it has adopted eviction procedures to be used in the event of a default.

A mortgage insured under this section may be assumed, subject to credit approval by the lender and the consent of the tribe to an assumption of the existing lease or the grant of a new lease, without an adjustment of the interest rate. Any other sale of a property subject to a mortgage insured under this section may be made only if a new lease is granted, except that a sale following a foreclosure may be accompanied by an assumption of the lease with the consent of the tribe.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the insurance of a mortgage using the authority contained in this section shall be the obligation of the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund. The mortgagee shall be eligible to receive the benefits of insurance as provided in section 1710 of this title with respect to mortgages insured pursuant to this section, except that all references in section 1710 of this title to section 1709 of this title shall be construed to refer to the section under which the mortgage is insured.

(1) The Secretary shall make information regarding the status and payment history of loans insured under this section available to local credit bureaus and prospective creditors. Prior to accepting assignment of a mortgage, the Secretary shall require mortgagees to submit documentation that mortgagors have been counseled in a face-to-face interview, informed of the provisions of this subsection or other available assistance, and provided with the names and addresses of officials of the Department of Housing and Urban Development to whom further communications shall be addressed.

(2) Notwithstanding the requirement for conveyance of title under section 1710 of this title, a mortgagee under this section shall be entitled to receive the benefit of insurance under this section in the case of a mortgage which is more than 90 days in default upon conveyance of the lease agreement and the mortgage documents.

(3) In the event that any default is cured, the Secretary shall seek to reinstate the loan with the mortgagee or another mortgagee. For purposes of this paragraph, the Secretary may provide appropriate financial incentives to reinstate the loan commensurate with sound management of the General Insurance Fund.

(4) If the Secretary determines that a mortgagor is not making a good-faith effort to cure a default, and that trust fund or tribal income is available under subsection (b)(3)(B) of this section, the Secretary shall commence proceedings for the garnishment of the mortgagor's distributed share of tribal or trust fund income in order to collect loan payments that are past due. Proceedings under this paragraph may be instituted in a tribal court, court of competent jurisdiction designated by the tribe, or Federal district court.

(5) If the Secretary determines such action is necessary to protect the General Insurance Fund from undue loss, the Secretary may initiate foreclosure proceedings with respect to any mortgage acquired under this subsection. Such proceeding may take place in a tribal court, a court of competent jurisdiction, or Federal district court. Any such court shall have jurisdiction to convey to the Secretary the remaining life of a lease on the real property and to order eviction of the delinquent mortgagor.

In the administration of this section, the Secretary shall establish a premium charge for insurance that will be sufficient to cover the full costs of the mortgage insurance program under this section, except that such charge may not exceed 3 percent per annum of the principal amount of the mortgage outstanding at any time. Not later than September 30, 1984, the Secretary shall determine and report to the Congress on the feasibility of eliminating any excess amount of the premium under this section over the premium under section 1709 of this title. In the event such premiums are not sufficient to cover the full costs of the mortgage insurance program under this section, the Secretary shall make recommendations to the Congress about changes to the program.

For purposes of this section:

(1) The term “Indian tribe” means any Indian or Alaska native tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community of Indians or Alaska natives recognized as eligible for the services provided to Indians or Alaska natives by the Secretary of the Interior because of its status as such an entity, or that was an eligible recipient under chapter 67 of title 31, prior to the repeal of such chapter.

(2) The term “trust or otherwise restricted land” means (A) that area of land, as defined by the Secretary of the Interior, over which an Indian tribe is recognized by the United States as having governmental jurisdiction; (B) land held in trust for the benefit of any Indian tribe or individual or held by any Indian tribe or individual subject to a restriction by the United States against alienation; or (C) land acquired by Alaska natives under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act [43 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.] or any other land acquired by Alaska natives pursuant to statute by virtue of their unique status as Alaska natives.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §248, as added Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §422, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1214; amended Pub. L. 99–272, title XIV, §14001(b)(7), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 329; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §§413(c), 429(i), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1906, 1919; Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2119(b), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835.)

The Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (b)(3)(A), is Pub. L. 93–383, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 633, as amended. Title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 is classified principally to chapter 69 (§5301 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of Title 42 and Tables.

Chapter 67 of title 31, referred to in subsec. (i)(1), was repealed by Pub. L. 99–272, title XIV, §14001(a)(1), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 327. A new chapter 67 of Title 31, Money and Finance, was added by Pub. L. 103–322, title III, §31001(a), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1859.

The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, referred to in subsec. (i)(2), is Pub. L. 92–203, Dec. 18, 1971, 85 Stat. 688, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 33 (§1601 et seq.) of Title 43, Public Lands. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1601 of Title 43 and Tables.

**2008**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–289 substituted “Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund” for “General Insurance Fund established in section 1735c of this title” and struck out “(1) all references in section 1710 of this title to the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund or the Fund shall be construed to refer to the General Insurance Fund; and (2)” after “except that”.

**1988**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 100–242, §429(i)(1), substituted “land” for “lands”.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 100–242, §429(i)(2), substituted “on trust or otherwise restricted land” for “on trust lands or otherwise restricted land”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–242, §429(i)(3), substituted “trust or otherwise restricted land” for “tribal or trust land”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–242, §413(c)(3), added subsec. (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100–242, §413(c)(1), (2), redesignated former subsec. (f) as (g) and substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “insurance fund” in pars. (3) and (5). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (h).

Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 100–242, §413(c)(2), redesignated former subsecs. (g) and (h) as (h) and (i), respectively.

**1986**—Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 99–272 substituted “was an eligible recipient under chapter 67 of title 31, prior to the repeal of such chapter” for “is an eligible recipient under chapter 67 of title 31”.

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–272 effective Oct. 18, 1986, see section 14001(e) of Pub. L. 99–272.

To provide access to sources of private financing to Indian families, Indian housing authorities, and Indian tribes, who otherwise could not acquire housing financing because of the unique legal status of Indian lands, the Secretary may guarantee not to exceed 100 percent of the unpaid principal and interest due on any loan eligible under subsection (b) of this section made to an Indian family, Indian housing authority, or Indian tribe.

Loans guaranteed pursuant to this section shall meet the following requirements:

The loans shall be made only to borrowers who are Indian families, Indian housing authorities, or Indian tribes.

The loan shall be used to construct, acquire, refinance, or rehabilitate 1- to 4-family dwellings that are standard housing and are located on trust land or land located in an Indian or Alaska Native area.

The loan may be secured by any collateral authorized under existing Federal law or applicable State or tribal law.

The loan shall be made only by a lender approved by and meeting qualifications established by the Secretary, except that loans otherwise insured or guaranteed by an agency of the Federal Government or made by an organization of Indians from amounts borrowed from the United States shall not be eligible for guarantee under this section. The following lenders are deemed to be approved under this paragraph:

(A) Any mortgagee approved by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for participation in the single family mortgage insurance program under title II of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1707 et seq.].

(B) Any lender whose housing loans under chapter 37 of title 38 are automatically guaranteed pursuant to section 1802(d) 1 of such title.

(C) Any lender approved by the Secretary of Agriculture to make guaranteed loans for single family housing under the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1441 et seq.].

(D) Any other lender that is supervised, approved, regulated, or insured by any agency of the Federal Government.

The loan shall—

(A) be made for a term not exceeding 30 years;

(B) bear interest (exclusive of the guarantee fee under section 404 2 and service charges, if any) at a rate agreed upon by the borrower and the lender and determined by the Secretary to be reasonable, which may not exceed the rate generally charged in the area (as determined by the Secretary) for home mortgage loans not guaranteed or insured by any agency or instrumentality of the Federal Government;

(C) involve a principal obligation not exceeding—

(i) 97.75 percent of the appraised value of the property as of the date the loan is accepted for guarantee (or 98.75 percent if the value of the property is $50,000 or less); and

(ii) the amount approved by the Secretary under this section; and

(D) involve a payment on account of the property (i) in cash or its equivalent, or (ii) through the value of any improvements to the property made through the skilled or unskilled labor of the borrower, as the Secretary shall provide.

Before the Secretary approves any loan for guarantee under this section, the lender shall submit the application for the loan to the Secretary for examination. If the Secretary approves the loan for guarantee, the Secretary shall issue a certificate under this paragraph as evidence of the guarantee.

The Secretary may approve a loan for guarantee under this section and issue a certificate under this paragraph only if the Secretary determines there is a reasonable prospect of repayment of the loan.

A certificate of guarantee issued under this paragraph by the Secretary shall be conclusive evidence of the eligibility of the loan for guarantee under the provisions of this section and the amount of such guarantee. Such evidence shall be incontestable in the hands of the bearer and the full faith and credit of the United States is pledged to the payment of all amounts agreed to be paid by the Secretary as security for such obligations.

This subsection may not be construed to preclude the Secretary from establishing defenses against the original lender based on fraud or material misrepresentation or to bar the Secretary from establishing by regulations in effect on the date of issuance or disbursement, whichever is earlier, partial defenses to the amount payable on the guarantee.

The Secretary shall fix and collect a guarantee fee for the guarantee of loans under this section, which may not exceed the amount equal to 1 percent of the principal obligation of the loan. The fee shall be paid by the lender at time of issuance of the guarantee and shall be adequate, in the determination of the Secretary, to cover expenses and probable losses. The Secretary shall deposit any fees collected under this subsection in the Indian Housing Loan Guarantee Fund established under subsection (i) of this section.

The liability under a guarantee provided under this section shall decrease or increase on a pro rata basis according to any decrease or increase in the amount of the unpaid obligation under the provisions of the loan agreement.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any loan guaranteed under this section, including the security given for the loan, may be sold or assigned by the lender to any financial institution subject to examination and supervision by an agency of the Federal Government or of any State or the District of Columbia.

If the Secretary determines that any lender or holder of a guarantee certificate under subsection (c) of this section has failed to maintain adequate accounting records, to adequately service loans guaranteed under this section, to exercise proper credit or underwriting judgment, or has engaged in practices otherwise detrimental to the interest of a borrower or the United States, the Secretary may—

(A) refuse, either temporarily or permanently, to guarantee any further loans made by such lender or holder;

(B) bar such lender or holder from acquiring additional loans guaranteed under this section; and

(C) require that such lender or holder assume not less than 10 percent of any loss on further loans made or held by the lender or holder that are guaranteed under this section.

If the Secretary determines that any lender or holder of a guarantee certificate under subsection (c) of this section has intentionally failed to maintain adequate accounting records, to adequately service loans guaranteed under this section, or to exercise proper credit or underwriting judgment, the Secretary may impose a civil money penalty on such lender or holder in the manner and amount provided under section 536 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1735f–14] with respect to mortgagees and lenders under such Act.

Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), the Secretary may not refuse to pay pursuant to a valid guarantee on loans of a lender or holder barred under this subsection if the loans were previously made in good faith.

In the event of default by the borrower on a loan guaranteed under this section, the holder of the guarantee certificate shall provide written notice of the default to the Secretary. Upon providing such notice, the holder of the guarantee certificate shall be entitled to payment under the guarantee (subject to the provisions of this section) and may proceed to obtain payment in one of the following manners:

The holder of the certificate may initiate foreclosure proceedings (after providing written notice of such action to the Secretary) and upon a final order by the court authorizing foreclosure and submission to the Secretary of a claim for payment under the guarantee, the Secretary shall pay to the holder of the certificate the pro rata portion of the amount guaranteed (as determined pursuant to subsection (e) of this section) plus reasonable fees and expenses as approved by the Secretary. The Secretary shall be subrogated to the rights of the holder of the guarantee and the lender holder shall assign the obligation and security to the Secretary.

Without seeking foreclosure (or in any case in which a foreclosure proceeding initiated under clause (i) continues for a period in excess of 1 year), the holder of the guarantee may submit to the Secretary a request to assign the obligation and security interest to the Secretary in return for payment of the claim under the guarantee. The Secretary may accept assignment of the loan if the Secretary determines that the assignment is in the best interests of the United States. Upon assignment, the Secretary shall pay to the holder of the guarantee the pro rata portion of the amount guaranteed (as determined under subsection (e) of this section). The Secretary shall be subrogated to the rights of the holder of the guarantee and the holder shall assign the obligation and security to the Secretary.

Before any payment under a guarantee is made under subparagraph (A), the holder of the guarantee shall exhaust all reasonable possibilities of collection. Upon payment, in whole or in part, to the holder, the note or judgment evidencing the debt shall be assigned to the United States and the holder shall have no further claim against the borrower or the United States. The Secretary shall then take such action to collect as the Secretary determines appropriate.

In the event of a default by the borrower on a loan guaranteed under this section involving a security interest in restricted Indian land, the mortgagee or the Secretary shall only pursue liquidation after offering to transfer the account to an eligible tribal member, the tribe, or the Indian housing authority serving the tribe or tribes. If the mortgagee or the Secretary subsequently proceeds to liquidate the account, the mortgagee or the Secretary shall not sell, transfer, or otherwise dispose of or alienate the property except to one of the entities described in the preceding sentence.

There is established in the Treasury of the United States the Indian Housing Loan Guarantee Fund for the purpose of providing loan guarantees under this section.

The Guarantee Fund shall be credited with—

(A) any amounts, claims, notes, mortgages, contracts, and property acquired by the Secretary under this section, and any collections and proceeds therefrom;

(B) any amounts appropriated under paragraph (7);

(C) any guarantee fees collected under subsection (d) of this section; and

(D) any interest or earnings on amounts invested under paragraph (4).

Amounts in the Guarantee Fund shall be available, to the extent provided in appropriation Acts, for—

(A) fulfilling any obligations of the Secretary with respect to loans guaranteed under this section, including the costs (as such term is defined in section 661a of title 2) of such loans;

(B) paying taxes, insurance, prior liens, expenses necessary to make fiscal adjustment in connection with the application and transmittal of collections, and other expenses and advances to protect the Secretary for loans which are guaranteed under this section or held by the Secretary;

(C) acquiring such security property at foreclosure sales or otherwise;

(D) paying administrative expenses in connection with this section; and

(E) reasonable and necessary costs of rehabilitation and repair to properties that the Secretary holds or owns pursuant to this section.

Any amounts in the Guarantee Fund determined by the Secretary to be in excess of amounts currently required to carry out this section may be invested in obligations of the United States.

The authority of the Secretary to enter into commitments to guarantee loans under this section shall be effective for any fiscal year to the extent or in such amounts as are or have been provided in appropriations Acts, without regard to the fiscal year for which such amounts were appropriated.

The authority of the Secretary to enter into commitments to guarantee loans under this section shall be effective for any fiscal year only to the extent that amounts in the Guarantee Fund are or have been made available in appropriation Acts to cover the costs (as such term is defined in section 661a of title 2) of such loan guarantees for such fiscal year. Any amounts appropriated pursuant to this subparagraph shall remain available until expended.

Subject to the limitations in subparagraphs (A) and (B), the Secretary may enter into commitments to guarantee loans under this section in each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012 with an aggregate outstanding principal amount not exceeding such amount as may be provided in appropriation Acts for such fiscal year.

All liabilities and obligations of the assets credited to the Guarantee Fund under paragraph (2)(A) shall be liabilities and obligations of the Guarantee Fund.

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Guarantee Fund to carry out this section such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012.

The Secretary shall, by regulation, establish housing safety and quality standards for use under this section. Such standards shall provide sufficient flexibility to permit the use of various designs and materials in housing acquired with loans guaranteed under this section. The standards shall require each dwelling unit in any housing so acquired to—

(1) be decent, safe, sanitary, and modest in size and design;

(2) conform with applicable general construction standards for the region;

(3) contain a heating system that—

(A) has the capacity to maintain a minimum temperature in the dwelling of 65 degrees Fahrenheit during the coldest weather in the area;

(B) is safe to operate and maintain;

(C) delivers a uniform distribution of heat; and

(D) conforms to any applicable tribal heating code or, if there is no applicable tribal code, an appropriate county, State, or National code;

(4) contain a plumbing system that—

(A) uses a properly installed system of piping;

(B) includes a kitchen sink and a partitional bathroom with lavatory, toilet, and bath or shower; and

(C) uses water supply, plumbing, and sewage disposal systems that conform to any applicable tribal code or, if there is no applicable tribal code, the minimum standards established by the applicable county or State;

(5) contain an electrical system using wiring and equipment properly installed to safely supply electrical energy for adequate lighting and for operation of appliances that conforms to any applicable tribal code or, if there is no applicable tribal code, an appropriate county, State, or National code;

(6) be not less than—

(A)(i) 570 square feet in size, if designed for a family of not more than 4 persons;

(ii) 850 square feet in size, if designed for a family of not less than 5 and not more than 7 persons; and

(iii) 1020 square feet in size, if designed for a family of not less than 8 persons, or

(B) the size provided under the applicable locally adopted standards for size of dwelling units;

except that the Secretary, upon the request of a tribe or Indian housing authority, may waive the size requirements under this paragraph; and

(7) conform with the energy performance requirements for new construction established by the Secretary under section 526(a) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1735f–4(a)].

For purposes of environmental,3 review, decisionmaking, and action under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and any other law that furthers the purposes of that Act, a loan guarantee under this section shall—

(1) be treated as a grant under the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4101 et seq.); and

(2) be subject to the regulations promulgated by the Secretary to carry out section 105 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4115).

For purposes of this section:

(1) The term “family” means 1 or more persons maintaining a household, as the Secretary shall by regulation provide.

(2) The term “Guarantee Fund” means the Indian Housing Loan Guarantee Fund established under subsection (i) of this section.

(3) The term “Indian” means person recognized as being Indian or Alaska Native by an Indian tribe, the Federal Government, or any State.

(4) The term “Indian area” means the area within which an Indian housing authority or Indian tribe is authorized to provide housing.

(5) The term “Indian housing authority” means any entity that—

(A) is authorized to engage in or assist in the development or operation of—

(i) low-income housing for Indians; or

(ii) housing subject to the provisions of this section; and

(B) is established—

(i) by exercise of the power of self-government of an Indian tribe independent of State law; or

(ii) by operation of State law providing specifically for housing authorities for Indians, including regional housing authorities in the State of Alaska.

The term includes tribally designated housing entities under the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 [25 U.S.C. 4101 et seq.].

(6) The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

(7) The term “standard housing” means a dwelling unit or housing that complies with the requirements established under subsection (j) of this section.

(8)

(9) The term “trust land” means land title to which is held by the United States for the benefit of an Indian or Indian tribe or title to which is held by an Indian tribe subject to a restriction against alienation imposed by the United States.

(Pub. L. 102–550, title I, §184, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3739; Pub. L. 104–330, title VII, §701(a)–(j), Oct. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 4048–4050; Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §595(e)(11)–(13), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2658; Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §227], Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1441, 1441A–30; Pub. L. 106–568, title X, §1002, Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2925; Pub. L. 106–569, title V, §502, Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2961; Pub. L. 107–292, §2(d), Nov. 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 2053; Pub. L. 110–37, §2, June 18, 2007, 121 Stat. 229.)

The National Housing Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(4)(A), is act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, as amended. Title II of the Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§1707 et seq.) of this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1701 of this title and Tables.

The Housing Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (b)(4)(C), is act July 15, 1949, ch. 338, 63 Stat. 413, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 8A (§1441 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1441 of Title 42 and Tables.

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (k), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996, referred to in subsecs. (k)(1) and (*l*)(5), is Pub. L. 104–330, Oct. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 4016, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 43 (§4101 et seq.) of Title 25, Indians. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4101 of Title 25 and Tables.

The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, referred to in subsec. (*l*)(8), is Pub. L. 92–203, Dec. 18, 1971, 85 Stat. 688, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 33 (§1601 et seq.) of Title 43, Public Lands. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1601 of Title 43 and Tables.

The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, referred to in subsec. (*l*)(8), is Pub. L. 93–638, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2203, which is classified principally to subchapter II (§450 et seq.) of chapter 14 of Title 25, Indians. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 450 of Title 25 and Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**2007**—Subsec. (i)(5)(C),(7). Pub. L. 110–37 substituted “fiscal years 2008 through 2012” for “fiscal years 1997 through 2007”.

**2002**—Subsec. (i)(5)(C), (7). Pub. L. 107–292 substituted “each of fiscal years 1997 through 2007” for “each fiscal year”.

**2000**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §227(1)], struck out “or as a result of a lack of access to private financial markets” after “legal status of Indian lands”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §227(2)], inserted “refinance,” after “acquire,”.

Subsec. (i)(5)(C). Pub. L. 106–568, §1002(1), and Pub. L. 106–569, §502(1), amended par. (5) identically, adding subpar. (C) and striking out heading and text of former subpar. (C). Text read as follows: “Subject to the limitations in subparagraphs (A) and (B), the Secretary may enter into commitments to guarantee loans under this section in each of fiscal years 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001 with an aggregate outstanding principal amount not exceeding $400,000,000 for each such fiscal year.”

Subsec. (i)(7). Pub. L. 106–568, §1002(2), and Pub. L. 106–569, §502(2), amended par. (7) identically, substituting “each fiscal year” for “each of fiscal years 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001”.

**1998**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 105–276, §595(e)(11), struck out before period at end “that is under the jurisdiction of an Indian tribe for which an Indian housing plan has been submitted and approved pursuant to sections 102 and 103 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 that provides for the use of loan guarantees under this section to provide affordable homeownership housing in such areas.”

Subsec. (i)(5)(C). Pub. L. 105–276, §595(e)(12), substituted “not” for “note”.

Subsecs. (k), (*l*). Pub. L. 105–276, §595(e)(13), added subsec. (k) and redesignated former subsec. (k) as (*l*).

**1996**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–330, §701(a)(1), (b), substituted “, Indian housing authorities, and Indian tribes,” for “and Indian housing authorities”, “lands or as a result of a lack of access to private financial markets” for “trust land”, and “, Indian housing authority, or Indian tribe” for “or Indian housing authority”.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 104–330, §701(a)(2), substituted “, Indian housing authorities, or Indian tribes” for “or Indian housing authorities”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 104–330, §701(c), inserted before period at end “that is under the jurisdiction of an Indian tribe for which an Indian housing plan has been submitted and approved pursuant to sections 102 and 103 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 that provides for the use of loan guarantees under this section to provide affordable homeownership housing in such areas”.

Subsec. (b)(5)(C)(i). Pub. L. 104–330, §701(i), added cl. (i) and struck out former cl. (i) which read as follows: “an amount equal to the sum of (I) 97 percent of $25,000 of the appraised value of the property, as of the date the loan is accepted for guarantee, and (II) 95 percent of such value in excess of $25,000; and”.

Subsec. (h)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 104–330, §701(d)(1)(A), struck out “in a court of competent jurisdiction” after “foreclosure proceedings” in first sentence.

Subsec. (h)(1)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 104–330, §701(d)(1)(B), added cl. (ii) and struck out heading and text of former cl. (ii). Text read as follows: “Without seeking a judicial foreclosure (or in any case in which a foreclosure proceeding initiated under clause (i) continues for a period in excess of 1 year), the holder of the guarantee may submit to the Secretary a claim for payment under the guarantee and the Secretary shall only pay to such holder for a loss on any single loan an amount equal to 90 percent of the pro rata portion of the amount guaranteed (as determined under subsection (e) of this section). The Secretary shall be subrogated to the rights of the holder of the guarantee and the holder shall assign the obligation and security to the Secretary.”

Subsec. (h)(2), (3). Pub. L. 104–330, §701(d)(2), (3), (e), redesignated par. (3) as (2), in first sentence substituted “restricted Indian land, the mortgagee or” for “tribal allotted or trust land,”, in second sentence substituted “mortgagee or the Secretary” for “Secretary” in two places, and struck out heading and text of former par. (2). Text read as follows: “Notwithstanding paragraph (1), upon receiving notice of default on a loan guaranteed under this section from the holder of the guarantee, the Secretary may accept assignment of the loan if the Secretary determines that the assignment is in the best interests of the United States. Upon assignment the Secretary shall pay to the holder of the guarantee the pro rata portion of the amount guaranteed (as determined under subsection (e) of this section). The Secretary shall be subrogated to the rights of the holder of the guarantee and the holder shall assign the obligation and security to the Secretary.”

Subsec. (i)(5)(A). Pub. L. 104–330, §701(j)(1), added subpar. (A) and struck out heading and text of former subpar. (A). Text read as follows: “The authority of the Secretary to enter into commitments to guarantee loans under this section shall be effective for any fiscal year only to the extent or in such amounts as are or have been provided in appropriations Acts for such fiscal year.”

Subsec. (i)(5)(B). Pub. L. 104–330, §701(j)(2), inserted at end “Any amounts appropriated pursuant to this subparagraph shall remain available until expended.”

Subsec. (i)(5)(C). Pub. L. 104–330, §701(f), substituted “1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001 with an aggregate outstanding principal amount note exceeding $400,000,000 for each such fiscal year” for “1993 and 1994 with an aggregate outstanding principal amount not exceeding such amount as may be provided in appropriation Acts for each such year”.

Subsec. (i)(7). Pub. L. 104–330, §701(g), substituted “such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001” for “such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 1993 and $50,000,000 for fiscal year 1994”.

Subsec. (k)(4). Pub. L. 104–330, §701(h)(1), inserted “or Indian tribe” after “authority”.

Subsec. (k)(5). Pub. L. 104–330, §701(h)(2), inserted concluding provisions, added subpar. (A), and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: “is authorized to engage in or assist in the development or operation of low-income housing for Indians; and”.

Subsec. (k)(8). Pub. L. 104–330, §701(h)(3), added par. (8) and struck out former par. (8) which read as follows: “The term ‘tribe’ means any tribe, band, pueblo, group, community, or nation of Indians or Alaska Natives.”

Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §595(f), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2659, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [enacting section 4168 of Title 25, Indians, amending this section, sections 4103, 4111 to 4113, 4131, 4135 to 4139 of Title 25, and sections 1437e and 12899h–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 1437 of Title 42] are made and shall apply beginning upon the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998].”

1 So in original. Probably should be section “3702(d)”.

2 So in original. Probably should be “subsection (d) of this section”.

3 So in original. The comma probably should not appear.

In this section:

The term “Department of Hawaiian Home Lands” means the agency or department of the government of the State of Hawaii that is responsible for the administration of the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act, 1920 (42 Stat. 108 et seq.).

The term “eligible entity” means a Native Hawaiian family, the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, and private nonprofit or private for-profit organizations experienced in the planning and development of affordable housing for Native Hawaiians.

The term “family” means one or more persons maintaining a household, as the Secretary shall by regulation provide.

The term “Guarantee Fund” means the Native Hawaiian Housing Loan Guarantee Fund established under subsection (j) of this section.

The term “Hawaiian Home Lands” means lands that—

(A) have the status of Hawaiian Home Lands under section 204 of the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (42 Stat. 110); or

(B) are acquired pursuant to that Act.

The term “Native Hawaiian” means any individual who is—

(A) a citizen of the United States; and

(B) a descendant of the aboriginal people, who, prior to 1778, occupied and exercised sovereignty in the area that currently constitutes the State of Hawaii, as evidenced by—

(i) genealogical records;

(ii) verification by kupuna (elders) or kama'aina (long-term community residents); or

(iii) birth records of the State of Hawaii.

The term “Office of Hawaiian Affairs” means the entity of that name established under the constitution of the State of Hawaii.

To provide access to sources of private financing to Native Hawaiian families who otherwise could not acquire housing financing because of the unique legal status of the Hawaiian Home Lands or as a result of a lack of access to private financial markets, the Secretary may guarantee an amount not to exceed 100 percent of the unpaid principal and interest that is due on an eligible loan under subsection (c) of this section.

Under this section, a loan is an eligible loan if that loan meets the following requirements:

The loan is made only to a borrower who is—

(A) a Native Hawaiian family;

(B) the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands;

(C) the Office of Hawaiian Affairs; or

(D) a private nonprofit organization experienced in the planning and development of affordable housing for Native Hawaiians.

The loan will be used to construct, acquire, or rehabilitate not more than 4-family dwellings that are standard housing and are located on Hawaiian Home Lands for which a housing plan described in subparagraph (B) applies.

A housing plan described in this subparagraph is a housing plan that—

(i) has been submitted and approved by the Secretary under section 4223 of title 25; and

(ii) provides for the use of loan guarantees under this section to provide affordable homeownership housing on Hawaiian Home Lands.

The loan may be secured by any collateral authorized under applicable Federal or State law.

The loan shall be made only by a lender approved by, and meeting qualifications established by, the Secretary, including any lender described in subparagraph (B), except that a loan otherwise insured or guaranteed by an agency of the Federal Government or made by the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands from amounts borrowed from the United States shall not be eligible for a guarantee under this section.

The following lenders shall be considered to be lenders that have been approved by the Secretary:

(i) Any mortgagee approved by the Secretary for participation in the single family mortgage insurance program under title II of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1707 et seq.].

(ii) Any lender that makes housing loans under chapter 37 of title 38 that are automatically guaranteed under section 3702(d) of title 38.

(iii) Any lender approved by the Secretary of Agriculture to make guaranteed loans for single family housing under the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1441 et seq.].

(iv) Any other lender that is supervised, approved, regulated, or insured by any agency of the Federal Government.

The loan shall—

(A) be made for a term not exceeding 30 years;

(B) bear interest (exclusive of the guarantee fee under subsection (e) of this section and service charges, if any) at a rate agreed upon by the borrower and the lender and determined by the Secretary to be reasonable, but not to exceed the rate generally charged in the area (as determined by the Secretary) for home mortgage loans not guaranteed or insured by any agency or instrumentality of the Federal Government;

(C) involve a principal obligation not exceeding—

(i) 97.75 percent of the appraised value of the property as of the date the loan is accepted for guarantee (or 98.75 percent if the value of the property is $50,000 or less); or

(ii) the amount approved by the Secretary under this section; and

(D) involve a payment on account of the property—

(i) in cash or its equivalent; or

(ii) through the value of any improvements to the property made through the skilled or unskilled labor of the borrower, as the Secretary shall provide.

Before the Secretary approves any loan for guarantee under this section, the lender shall submit the application for the loan to the Secretary for examination.

If the Secretary approves the application submitted under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall issue a certificate under this subsection as evidence of the loan guarantee approved.

The Secretary may approve a loan for guarantee under this section and issue a certificate under this subsection only if the Secretary determines that there is a reasonable prospect of repayment of the loan.

A certificate of guarantee issued under this subsection by the Secretary shall be conclusive evidence of the eligibility of the loan for guarantee under this section and the amount of that guarantee.

The evidence referred to in subparagraph (A) shall be incontestable in the hands of the bearer.

The full faith and credit of the United States is pledged to the payment of all amounts agreed to be paid by the Secretary as security for the obligations made by the Secretary under this section.

This subsection may not be construed—

(A) to preclude the Secretary from establishing defenses against the original lender based on fraud or material misrepresentation; or

(B) to bar the Secretary from establishing by regulations that are on the date of issuance or disbursement, whichever is earlier, partial defenses to the amount payable on the guarantee.

The Secretary shall fix and collect a guarantee fee for the guarantee of a loan under this section, which may not exceed the amount equal to 1 percent of the principal obligation of the loan.

The fee under this subsection shall—

(A) be paid by the lender at time of issuance of the guarantee; and

(B) be adequate, in the determination of the Secretary, to cover expenses and probable losses.

The Secretary shall deposit any fees collected under this subsection in the Native Hawaiian Housing Loan Guarantee Fund established under subsection (j) of this section.

The liability under a guarantee provided under this section shall decrease or increase on a pro rata basis according to any decrease or increase in the amount of the unpaid obligation under the provisions of the loan agreement involved.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any loan guaranteed under this section, including the security given for the loan, may be sold or assigned by the lender to any financial institution subject to examination and supervision by an agency of the Federal Government or of any State or the District of Columbia.

The Secretary may take action under subparagraph (B) if the Secretary determines that any lender or holder of a guarantee certificate under subsection (d) of this section—

(i) has failed—

(I) to maintain adequate accounting records;

(II) to service adequately loans guaranteed under this section; or

(III) to exercise proper credit or underwriting judgment; or

(ii) has engaged in practices otherwise detrimental to the interest of a borrower or the United States.

Upon a determination by the Secretary that a holder of a guarantee certificate under subsection (d) of this section has failed to carry out an activity described in subparagraph (A)(i) or has engaged in practices described in subparagraph (A)(ii), the Secretary may—

(i) refuse, either temporarily or permanently, to guarantee any further loans made by such lender or holder;

(ii) bar such lender or holder from acquiring additional loans guaranteed under this section; and

(iii) require that such lender or holder assume not less than 10 percent of any loss on further loans made or held by the lender or holder that are guaranteed under this section.

The Secretary may impose a civil monetary penalty on a lender or holder of a guarantee certificate under subsection (d) of this section if the Secretary determines that the holder or lender has intentionally failed—

(i) to maintain adequate accounting records;

(ii) to adequately service loans guaranteed under this section; or

(iii) to exercise proper credit or underwriting judgment.

A civil monetary penalty imposed under this paragraph shall be imposed in the manner and be in an amount provided under section 536 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1735f–14] with respect to mortgagees and lenders under that Act.

Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), if a loan was made in good faith, the Secretary may not refuse to pay a lender or holder of a valid guarantee on that loan, without regard to whether the lender or holder is barred under this subsection.

If a borrower on a loan guaranteed under this section defaults on the loan, the holder of the guarantee certificate shall provide written notice of the default to the Secretary.

Upon providing the notice required under clause (i), the holder of the guarantee certificate shall be entitled to payment under the guarantee (subject to the provisions of this section) and may proceed to obtain payment in one of the following manners:

The holder of the certificate may initiate foreclosure proceedings (after providing written notice of that action to the Secretary).

Upon a final order by the court authorizing foreclosure and submission to the Secretary of a claim for payment under the guarantee, the Secretary shall pay to the holder of the certificate the pro rata portion of the amount guaranteed (as determined pursuant to subsection (f) of this section) plus reasonable fees and expenses as approved by the Secretary.

The rights of the Secretary shall be subrogated to the rights of the holder of the guarantee. The holder shall assign the obligation and security to the Secretary.

Without seeking foreclosure (or in any case in which a foreclosure proceeding initiated under clause (i) continues for a period in excess of 1 year), the holder of the guarantee may submit to the Secretary a request to assign the obligation and security interest to the Secretary in return for payment of the claim under the guarantee. The Secretary may accept assignment of the loan if the Secretary determines that the assignment is in the best interest of the United States.

Upon assignment, the Secretary shall pay to the holder of the guarantee the pro rata portion of the amount guaranteed (as determined under subsection (f) of this section).

The rights of the Secretary shall be subrogated to the rights of the holder of the guarantee. The holder shall assign the obligation and security to the Secretary.

Before any payment under a guarantee is made under subparagraph (A), the holder of the guarantee shall exhaust all reasonable possibilities of collection. Upon payment, in whole or in part, to the holder, the note or judgment evidencing the debt shall be assigned to the United States and the holder shall have no further claim against the borrower or the United States. The Secretary shall then take such action to collect as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

If a borrower defaults on a loan guaranteed under this section that involves a security interest in restricted Hawaiian Home Land property, the mortgagee or the Secretary shall only pursue liquidation after offering to transfer the account to another eligible Hawaiian family or the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands.

If, after action is taken under subparagraph (A), the mortgagee or the Secretary subsequently proceeds to liquidate the account, the mortgagee or the Secretary shall not sell, transfer, or otherwise dispose of or alienate the property described in subparagraph (A) except to another eligible Hawaiian family or to the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands.

There is established in the Treasury of the United States the Hawaiian Housing Loan Guarantee Fund for the purpose of providing loan guarantees under this section.

The Guarantee Fund shall be credited with—

(A) any amount, claims, notes, mortgages, contracts, and property acquired by the Secretary under this section, and any collections and proceeds therefrom;

(B) any amounts appropriated pursuant to paragraph (7);

(C) any guarantee fees collected under subsection (e) of this section; and

(D) any interest or earnings on amounts invested under paragraph (4).

Amounts in the Guarantee Fund shall be available, to the extent provided in appropriations Acts, for—

(A) fulfilling any obligations of the Secretary with respect to loans guaranteed under this section, including the costs (as that term is defined in section 661a of title 2) of such loans;

(B) paying taxes, insurance, prior liens, expenses necessary to make fiscal adjustment in connection with the application and transmittal of collections, and other expenses and advances to protect the Secretary for loans which are guaranteed under this section or held by the Secretary;

(C) acquiring such security property at foreclosure sales or otherwise;

(D) paying administrative expenses in connection with this section; and

(E) reasonable and necessary costs of rehabilitation and repair to properties that the Secretary holds or owns pursuant to this section.

Any amounts in the Guarantee Fund determined by the Secretary to be in excess of amounts currently required at the time of the determination to carry out this section may be invested in obligations of the United States.

The authority of the Secretary to enter into commitments to guarantee loans under this section shall be effective for any fiscal year to the extent, or in such amounts as are, or have been, provided in appropriations Acts, without regard to the fiscal year for which such amounts were appropriated.

The authority of the Secretary to enter into commitments to guarantee loans under this section shall be effective for any fiscal year only to the extent that amounts in the Guarantee Fund are or have been made available in appropriations Acts to cover the costs (as that term is defined in section 661a of title 2) of such loan guarantees for such fiscal year. Any amounts appropriated pursuant to this subparagraph shall remain available until expended.

Subject to the limitations in subparagraphs (A) and (B), the Secretary may enter into commitments to guarantee loans under this section for each of fiscal years 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 with an aggregate outstanding principal amount not exceeding $100,000,000 for each such fiscal year.

All liabilities and obligations of the assets credited to the Guarantee Fund under paragraph (2)(A) shall be liabilities and obligations of the Guarantee Fund.

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Guarantee Fund to carry out this section such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005.

The Secretary shall, by regulation, establish housing safety and quality standards to be applied for use under this section.

The standards referred to in paragraph (1) shall—

(A) provide sufficient flexibility to permit the use of various designs and materials in housing acquired with loans guaranteed under this section; and

(B) require each dwelling unit in any housing acquired in the manner described in subparagraph (A) to—

(i) be decent, safe, sanitary, and modest in size and design;

(ii) conform with applicable general construction standards for the region in which the housing is located;

(iii) contain a plumbing system that—

(I) uses a properly installed system of piping;

(II) includes a kitchen sink and a partitional bathroom with lavatory, toilet, and bath or shower; and

(III) uses water supply, plumbing, and sewage disposal systems that conform to any minimum standards established by the applicable county or State;

(iv) contain an electrical system using wiring and equipment properly installed to safely supply electrical energy for adequate lighting and for operation of appliances that conforms to any appropriate county, State, or national code;

(v) be not less than the size provided under the applicable locally adopted standards for size of dwelling units, except that the Secretary, upon request of the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands may waive the size requirements under this paragraph; and

(vi) conform with the energy performance requirements for new construction established by the Secretary under section 526(a) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1735f–4(a)], unless the Secretary determines that the requirements are not applicable.

To the extent that the requirements of title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.) or of the Fair Housing Act [42 U.S.C. 3601 et seq.] apply to a guarantee provided under this subsection, nothing in the requirements concerning discrimination on the basis of race shall be construed to prevent the provision of the guarantee to an eligible entity on the basis that the entity serves Native Hawaiian families or is a Native Hawaiian family.

(Pub. L. 102–550, title I, §184A, as added Pub. L. 106–568, title II, §204, Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2895, and Pub. L. 106–569, title V, §514, Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2989.)

The Hawaiian Homes Commission Act, 1920, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), (5), is act July 9, 1921, ch. 42, 42 Stat. 108, as amended, which was classified generally to sections 691 to 718 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions, and was omitted from the Code. Section 204 of the Act was classified to section 698 of Title 48.

The National Housing Act, referred to in subsecs. (c)(4)(B)(i) and (h)(2)(B), is act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, as amended, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). Title II of the Act is classified generally to this subchapter (§1707 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1701 of this title and Tables.

The Housing Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (c)(4)(B)(iii), is act July 15, 1949, ch. 338, 63 Stat. 413, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 8A (§1441 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1441 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964, referred to in subsec. (*l*), is Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241, as amended. Title VI of the Act is classified generally to subchapter V (§2000d et seq.) of chapter 21 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000a of Title 42 and Tables.

The Fair Housing Act, referred to in subsec. (*l*), is title VIII of Pub. L. 90–284, Apr. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 81, as amended, which is classified principally to subchapter I (§3601 et seq.) of chapter 45 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3601 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Pub. L. 106–568, §204, and Pub. L. 106–569, §514, enacted substantially identical sections 184A to Pub. L. 102–550. This section is based on the text of section 184A of Pub. L. 102–550, as added by Pub. L. 106–569.

The purpose of this section is to authorize a demonstration mortgage risk-sharing program designed to test the feasibility of entering into risk-sharing contracts with private mortgage insurers and with insured community development financial institutions in order to reduce Government risk and administrative costs, and to speed mortgage processing. The Secretary shall limit the demonstration under this section to not more than four administrative regions of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and shall assure that the program is in the financial interest of the Government and will not result in loss of employment by any employees of the Department of Housing and Urban Development before the expiration of the 5-year period beginning on December 21, 2000. The aggregate number of mortgages for which risk of nonpayment is shared under this section in any administrative region of the Department of Housing and Urban Development in any fiscal year may not exceed 20 percent of the aggregate number of mortgages and loans insured by the Secretary under this subchapter in such region during the preceding fiscal year.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter inconsistent with this section, the Secretary is authorized, in providing mortgage insurance with respect to one- to four-family dwellings under sections 1709(b), 1715y, and 1715z–10 1 of this title, to enter into risk-sharing contracts with private mortgage insurance companies which have been determined to be qualified insurers under section 1717(b)(2)(C) of this title and with insured community development financial institutions. Such contracts shall require private mortgage insurance companies and insured community development financial institutions to—

(1) assume a secondary percentage of loss on any mortgage insured pursuant to section 1709(b), 1715y, or 1715z–10 of this title covering a one- to four-family dwelling, which percentage of loss shall be set forth in the risk-sharing contract, with the first percentage of loss to be borne by the Secretary; 2

(2) perform or delegate underwriting, credit approval, appraisal, inspection, commitment, claims processing, property disposition, or other functions as the Secretary shall approve as consistent with the purposes of this section and shall set forth in the risk-sharing contract.

Any contract for risk-sharing under this section shall contain such provisions relating to the sharing of premiums received by the Secretary with a private mortgage insurer or insured community development financial institution on a sound actuarial basis, establishment of loss reserves, manner of calculating claims on such risk-sharing contract, conditions with respect to foreclosure, handling and disposition of property prior to claim or settlement, rights of assignees, and other similar matters as the Secretary may prescribe pursuant to regulations. Pursuant to a contract under this section, a private mortgage insurance company or insured community development financial institution shall endorse loans for risk-sharing and take such other actions on behalf of the Secretary and in the Secretary's name as the Secretary may authorize.

The Secretary shall require any private mortgage insurance company or insured community development financial institution participating in the program under this section to provide risk-sharing for those mortgages offered by the Secretary for inclusion in the program.

For purposes of this section, the term “insured community development financial institution” means a community development financial institution, as such term is defined in section 4702 of this title that is an insured depository institution (as such term is defined in section 1813 of this title) or an insured credit union (as such term is defined in section 1752 of this title).

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §249, as added Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §428(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1219; amended Pub. L. 99–120, §1(g), Oct. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 502; Pub. L. 99–156, §1(g), Nov. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 815; Pub. L. 99–219, §1(g), Dec. 26, 1985, 99 Stat. 1730; Pub. L. 99–267, §1(g), Mar. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 73; Pub. L. 99–272, title III, §3007(g), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 105; Pub. L. 99–289, §1(b), May 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 99–345, §1, June 24, 1986, 100 Stat. 673; Pub. L. 99–430, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 986; Pub. L. 100–122, §1, Sept. 30, 1987, 101 Stat. 793; Pub. L. 100–154, Nov. 5, 1987, 101 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 100–170, Nov. 17, 1987, 101 Stat. 914; Pub. L. 100–179, Dec. 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 1018; Pub. L. 100–200, Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [title I, §143], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–618.)

Section 1715z–10 of this title, referred to in subsec. (b), was repealed by Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2120(a)(7), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835.

**2000**—Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [title I, §143(1)], substituted “Risk-sharing demonstration” for “Reinsurance contracts” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [title I, §143(2), (3)], in heading and first sentence substituted “risk-sharing” for “reinsurance” wherever appearing, in first sentence inserted “and with insured community development financial institutions” after “private mortgage insurers”, in second sentence substituted “four administrative regions” for “two administrative regions” and “the expiration of the 5-year period beginning on December 21, 2000” for “March 15, 1988”, and in last sentence substituted “mortgages for which risk of nonpayment is shared” for “mortgages insured” and “20 percent” for “10 percent”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [title I, §143(2), (4)(A), (B)], in first sentence of introductory provisions, substituted “, in providing” for “to provide”, “, to enter into” for “through” and “risk-sharing” for “reinsurance” and inserted “and with insured community development financial institutions” before period at end and, in second sentence of introductory provisions, inserted “and insured community development financial institutions” after “private mortgage insurance companies”.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [title I, §143(4)(C)], added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: “assume a percentage of loss on any mortgage insured pursuant to section 1709(b), 1715y, or 1715z–10 of this title covering a one- to four-family dwelling, which percentage of loss shall be set forth in the risk-sharing contract; and”.

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [title I, §143(2)], substituted “risk-sharing” for “reinsurance”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [title I, §143(4)(D)], substituted “perform or delegate underwriting,” for “carry out (under appropriate delegation) such” and “functions as the Secretary” for “function as the Secretary pursuant to regulations,” and inserted before period at end “and shall set forth in the risk-sharing contract”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [title I, §143(2), (5)], in first sentence, substituted “contract for” for “contract of” and “risk-sharing” for “reinsurance”, inserted “received by the Secretary with a private mortgage insurer or insured community development financial institution” after “sharing of premiums”, substituted “loss reserves” for “insurance reserves”, “such risk-sharing contract” for “such insurance”, and “rights of assignees” for “right of assignees” and, in second sentence, inserted “or insured community development financial institution” after “private mortgage insurance company” and substituted “loans for risk-sharing” for “loans for insurance”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [title I, §143(2), (6)], inserted “or insured community development financial institution” after “private mortgage insurance company” and substituted “risk-sharing” for “reinsurance”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [title I, §143(7)], added subsec. (e).

**1987**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–200 substituted “March 15, 1988” for “December 16, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–179 substituted “December 16, 1987” for “December 2, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–170 substituted “December 2, 1987” for “November 15, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–154 substituted “November 15, 1987” for “October 31, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–122 substituted “October 31, 1987” for “September 30, 1987”.

**1986**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–430 substituted “September 30, 1987” for “September 30, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–345 substituted “September 30, 1986” for “June 6, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–289 substituted “June 6, 1986” for “April 30, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–272 made amendment identical to Pub. L. 99–219. See 1985 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 99–267 substituted “April 30, 1986” for “March 17, 1986”.

**1985**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–219 substituted “March 17, 1986” for “December 15, 1985”.

Pub. L. 99–156 substituted “December 15, 1985” for “November 14, 1985”.

Pub. L. 99–120 substituted “November 14, 1985” for “September 30, 1985”.

Section 428(b) of Pub. L. 98–181 provided that: “The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall evaluate the reinsurance program under section 249 of the National Housing Act [this section] and, not later than March 1, 1985, submit to the Congress a report setting forth the results of such evaluation. Such report shall include an evaluation of the possible effect of a reinsurance program on the characteristics of the pool of mortgages remaining wholly under the applicable insurance funds and the actuarial soundness of such funds under such conditions.”

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Probably should be followed by “and”.

During any period in which an owner of a multifamily rental housing project is required to obtain the approval of the Secretary for prepayment of the mortgage, the Secretary shall not accept an offer to prepay the mortgage on such project or permit a termination of an insurance contract pursuant to section 1715t of this title unless—

(1) the Secretary has determined that such project is no longer meeting a need for rental housing for lower income families in the area;

(2) the Secretary (A) has determined that the tenants have been notified of the owner's request for approval of a prepayment; (B) has provided the tenants with an opportunity to comment on the owner's request; and (C) has taken such comments into consideration; and

(3) the Secretary has ensured that there is a plan for providing relocation assistance for adequate, comparable housing for any lower income tenant who will be displaced as a result of the prepayment and withdrawal of the project from the program.

A mortgagee may foreclose the mortgage on, or acquire by deed in lieu of foreclosure, any eligible low-income housing project (as such term is defined in section 4119 of this title) only if the mortgagee also conveys title to the project to the Secretary in connection with a claim for insurance benefits.

For purposes of this section, the term “lower income families” has the meaning given such term in section 1437a(b)(2) of title 42.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §250, as added Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §433, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1221; amended Pub. L. 100–242, title II, §261, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1890; Pub. L. 101–235, title II, §202(d)(1), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2037; Pub. L. 101–625, title VI, §602(b), (c), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4277.)

**1990**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–625, §602(b), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: “In the case of a project assisted under section 1715z–1 of this title or the proviso to section 1715*l*(d)(5) of this title, section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965, or section 1701q of this title where the owner has the right to prepay the mortgage covering the assisted project without the Secretary's approval, the Secretary shall give a priority for additional assistance under section 1437f of title 42 and section 201 of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1978 to tenants and applicants to become tenants of the project, if—

“(1) funds to provide such additional assistance are available; and

“(2) the Secretary determines that making such additional assistance available to the project is necessary to prevent the owner from prepaying the mortgage.”

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 101–625, §602(c), redesignated subsec. (d) as (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows: “Any owner of a multifamily rental housing project referred to in subsection (b) of this section who receives additional assistance under section 1437f of title 42 under the priority established in subsection (b) of this section shall—

“(1) fully utilize the assistance which is available;

“(2) grant a priority to applicants to become tenants who have the lowest incomes; and

“(3) maintain the low-income character of the project for a period at least equal to the remaining term of the project mortgage to the extent that assistance is provided.”

**1989**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–235 inserted “or permit a termination of an insurance contract pursuant to section 1715t of this title” after second reference to “project”.

**1988**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 100–242 struck out “or that the needs of lower income families in such project can more efficiently and effectively be met through other Federal housing assistance taking into account the remaining time the project could meet such needs” after “families in the area”.

The Secretary may insure under any provision of this subchapter a mortgage involving property upon which there is located a dwelling designed principally for occupancy by one to four families, where the mortgage provides for periodic adjustments by the mortgagee in the effective rate of interest charged. Such interest rate adjustments may be accomplished through adjustments in the monthly payment amount, the outstanding principal balance, or the mortgage term, or a combination of these factors, except that in no case may any extension of a mortgage term result in a total term in excess of 40 years. Adjustments in the effective rate of interest shall correspond to a specified national interest rate index approved in regulations by the Secretary, information on which is readily accessible to mortgagors from generally available published sources. Adjustments in the effective rate of interest shall (1) be made on an annual basis; (2) be limited, with respect to any single interest rate increase, to no more than 1 percent on the outstanding loan balance; and (3) be limited to a maximum increase of 5 percentage points above the initial contract interest rate over the term of the mortgage.

The Secretary shall require that the mortgagee make available to the mortgagor, at the time of loan application, a written explanation of the features of an adjustable rate mortgage consistent with the disclosure requirements applicable to variable rate mortgages secured by a principal dwelling under the Truth in Lending Act [15 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.].

The aggregate number of mortgages and loans insured under this section in any fiscal year may not exceed 30 percent of the aggregate number of mortgages and loans insured by the Secretary under this subchapter during the preceding fiscal year.

(1) The Secretary may insure under this subsection a mortgage that meets the requirements of subsection (a) of this section, except that the effective rate of interest—

(A) shall be fixed for a period of not less than the first 3 years of the mortgage term;

(B) shall be adjusted by the mortgagee initially upon the expiration of such period and annually thereafter; and

(C) in the case of the initial interest rate adjustment, is subject to the 1 percent limitation only if the interest rate remained fixed for 3 or fewer years.

(2) The disclosure required under subsection (b) of this section shall be required for a mortgage insured under this subsection.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §251, as added Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §443, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1225; amended Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §415(a), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1907; Pub. L. 107–73, title II, §206, Nov. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 674; Pub. L. 108–186, title III, §301(a), Dec. 16, 2003, 117 Stat. 2692.)

The Truth in Lending Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is title I of Pub. L. 90–321, May 29, 1968, 82 Stat. 146, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§1601 et seq.) of chapter 41 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1601 of Title 15 and Tables.

**2003**—Subsec. (d)(1)(C). Pub. L. 108–186 substituted “3” for “five”

**2001**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–73, §206(1), substituted “require that the mortgagee make available to the mortgagor, at the time of loan application, a written explanation of the features of an adjustable rate mortgage consistent with the disclosure requirements applicable to variable rate mortgages secured by a principal dwelling under the Truth in Lending Act” for “issue regulations requiring that the mortgagee make available to the mortgagor, at the time of loan application, a written explanation of the features of the adjustable rate mortgage, including a hypothetical payment schedule that displays the maximum potential increases in monthly payments to the mortgagor over the first 5 years of the mortgage term”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–73, §206(2), added subsec. (d).

**1988**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–242 amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows: “The aggregate number of mortgages and loans insured under this section, section 1715z–10(c) of this title, and section 1715z–17 of this title in any fiscal year may not exceed 10 percent of the aggregate number of mortgages and loans insured by the Secretary under this subchapter during the preceding fiscal year.”

Pub. L. 108–186, title III, §301(b), Dec. 16, 2003, 117 Stat. 2692, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to mortgages executed on or after the date of the enactment of this title [Dec. 16, 2003].”

Notwithstanding any provision of this subchapter that is inconsistent with this section, the Secretary may insure, under any provision of this subchapter providing for insurance of mortgages on properties upon which there is located a dwelling designed principally for occupancy by one to four families, a mortgage secured by a first lien on such a property or on the stock allocated to a dwelling unit in a residential cooperative housing corporation, which—

(1) provides for the mortgagee to share in a predetermined percentage of the property's or stock's net appreciated value;

(2) bears interest at a rate which meets criteria prescribed by the Secretary;

(3) provides for amortization over a period of not to exceed 30 years, but the actual term of the mortgage (excluding any refinancing) may be not less than 10 nor more than 30 years, and contains such provisions relating to refinancing of the principal balance of the mortgage and any contingent deferred interest as the Secretary may provide; and

(4) meets such other conditions as the Secretary may require by regulation.

The mortgagee's share of a property's or stock's net appreciated value shall be payable upon sale or transfer (as defined by the Secretary) of the property or stock or payment in full of the mortgage, whichever occurs first. For purposes of this section, the term “net appreciated value” means the amount by which the sales price of the property or stock (less the mortgagor's selling costs) exceeds the value of the property or stock at the time the commitment to insure is issued (with adjustments for capital improvements stipulated in the loan contract). If there has been no sale or transfer at the time the mortgagee's share of net appreciated value becomes payable, the sales price for purposes of this section shall be determined by means of an appraisal conducted in accordance with procedures approved by the Secretary and provided for in the mortgage.

In the event of a default, the mortgagee shall be entitled to receive the benefits of insurance in accordance with section 1710(a) of this title, but such insurance benefits shall not include the mortgagee's share of net appreciated value. The term “original principal obligation of the mortgage” as used in section 1710 of this title shall not include the mortgagee's share of net appreciated value.

Mortgages insured pursuant to this section which contain provisions for sharing appreciation or which otherwise require or permit increases in the outstanding loan balance which are authorized under this section or under applicable regulations shall not be subject to any State constitution, statute, court decree, common law, rule, or public policy limiting or prohibiting increases in the outstanding loan balance after execution of the mortgage.

In carrying out the provisions of this section, the Secretary shall encourage the use of insurance under this section by low and moderate income tenants who would otherwise be displaced by the conversion of their rental housing to condominium or cooperative ownership.

The Secretary shall prescribe adequate consumer protections and disclosure requirements with respect to mortgages insured under this section, and may prescribe such other terms and conditions as may be appropriate to carry out the provisions of this section.

The aggregate number of mortgages and loans insured under this section and section 1715z–10(c) 1 of this title in any fiscal year may not exceed 10 percent of the aggregate number of mortgages and loans insured by the Secretary under this subchapter during the preceding fiscal year.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §252, as added Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §444, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1225; amended Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §415(b)(2), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1907.)

Section 1715z–10(c) of this title, referred to in subsec. (g), was repealed by Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2120(a)(7), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835.

**1988**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100–242 struck out reference to section 1715z–16 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

Notwithstanding any provision of this subchapter that is inconsistent with this section, the Secretary may insure, under any provision of this subchapter providing for insurance of mortgages on properties including 5 or more family units, a mortgage secured by a first lien on the property that (1) provides for the mortgagee to share in a predetermined percentage of the property's net appreciated value; and (2) meets such other conditions, including limitations on the rate of interest which may be charged, as the Secretary may require by regulation.

The mortgagee's share of a property's net appreciated value shall be payable upon maturity or upon payment in full of the loan or sale or transfer (as defined by the Secretary) of the property, whichever occurs first. The term of the mortgage shall not be less than 15 years, and shall be repayable in equal monthly installments of principal and fixed interest during the mortgage term in an amount which would be sufficient to retire a debt with the same principal and fixed interest rate over a period not exceeding 30 years. In the case of a mortgage which will not be completely amortized during the mortgage term, the principal obligation of the mortgage may not exceed 85 percent of the estimated value of the property or project. For purposes of this section, the term “net appreciated value” means the amount by which the sales price of the property (less the mortgagor's selling costs) exceeds the actual project cost after completion, as approved by the Secretary. If there has been no sale or transfer at the time the mortgagee's share of net appreciated value becomes payable, the sales price for purposes of this section shall be determined by means of an appraisal conducted in accordance with procedures approved by the Secretary and provided for in the mortgage.

In the event of a default, the mortgagee shall be entitled to receive the benefits of insurance in accordance with section 1713 of this title, but such insurance benefits shall not include the mortgagee's share of net appreciated value. The term “original principal face amount of the mortgage” as used in section 1713 of this title shall not include the mortgagee's share of net appreciated value.

The Secretary shall establish by regulation the maximum percentage of net appreciated value which may be payable to a mortgagee as the mortgagee's share. The Secretary shall also establish disclosure requirements applicable to mortgagees making mortgage loans pursuant to this section, to assure that mortgagors are informed of the characteristics of such mortgages.

Mortgages insured pursuant to this section which contain provisions for sharing appreciation or which otherwise require or permit increases in the outstanding loan balance which are authorized under this section or under applicable regulations shall not be subject to any State constitution, statute, court decree, common law, rule, or public policy limiting or prohibiting increases in the outstanding loan balance after execution of the mortgage.

The number of dwelling units included in properties covered by mortgages insured pursuant to this section in any fiscal year may not exceed 5,000.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §253, as added Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §445, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1226; amended Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §429(j), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1919.)

**1988**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–242, §429(j)(1), substituted “For purposes of this section, the term ‘net appreciated value’ means the amount by which the sales price of the property (less the mortgagor's selling costs) exceeds the actual project cost after completion, as approved by the Secretary” for “For purposes of this section, the term ‘net appreciated value’ means the amount by which the sales price of the property (less the mortgagor's selling costs) exceeds the value (or replacement cost, as appropriate) of the property at the time the commitment to insure is issued (with adjustments for capital improvements stipulated in the loan contract)”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–242, §429(j)(2), (3), substituted “in accordance with section 1713 of this title” for “in accordance with section 1710 of this title” and “The term ‘original principal face amount of the mortgage’ as used in section 1713 of this title shall not include the mortgagee's share of net appreciated value” for “The term ‘original principal obligation of the mortgage’ as used in section 1710(a) of this title shall not include the mortgagee's share of net appreciated value”.

Whoever, as an owner, agent, or manager, or who is otherwise in custody, control, or possession of a multifamily project or a 1- to 4-family residence that is security for a mortgage note that is described in subsection (b) of this section, willfully uses or authorizes the use of any part of the rents, assets, proceeds, income, or other funds derived from property covered by that mortgage note for any purpose other than to meet reasonable and necessary expenses that include expenses approved by the Secretary if such approval is required, in a period during which the mortgage note is in default or the project is in a nonsurplus cash position, as defined by the regulatory agreement covering the property, or the mortgagor has failed to comply with the provisions of such other form of regulatory control imposed by the Secretary, shall be fined not more than $500,000, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.

For purposes of subsection (a) of this section, a mortgage note is described in this subsection if it—

(1) is insured, acquired, or held by the Secretary pursuant to this chapter;

(2) is made pursuant to section 1701q of this title (including property still subject to section 1701q program requirements that existed before November 28, 1990); or

(3) is insured or held pursuant to section 1715z–22 of this title, but is not reinsured under section 1715z–22 of this title.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §254, as added Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §416(b), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1908; amended Pub. L. 105–65, title V, §552, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1412.)

**1997**—Pub. L. 105–65 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: “Whoever, as an owner, agent, or manager, or who is otherwise in custody, control, or possession of property that is security for a mortgage note that is insured, acquired, or held by the Secretary pursuant to section 1709, 1713, 1715e, 1715k, 1715*l*(d)(3), 1715*l*(d)(4), 1715n(f), 1715v, 1715w, 1715y, 1715z–1, 1715z–3(c), 1715z–6, 1715z–7, 1715z–9, 1743, or 1748h–2 of this title, or subchapter IX–B of this chapter, or is made pursuant to section 1701q of this title, willfully uses or authorizes the use of any part of the rents, assets, proceeds, income or other funds derived from property covered by such mortgage note during a period when the mortgage note is in default or the project is in a nonsurplus cash position as defined by the regulatory agreement covering such property, for any purpose other than to meet actual or necessary expenses that include expenses approved by the Secretary if such approval is required under the terms of the regulatory agreement, shall be fined not more than $250,000 or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.”

The purpose of this section is to authorize the Secretary to carry out a program of mortgage insurance designed—

(1) to meet the special needs of elderly homeowners by reducing the effect of the economic hardship caused by the increasing costs of meeting health, housing, and subsistence needs at a time of reduced income, through the insurance of home equity conversion mortgages to permit the conversion of a portion of accumulated home equity into liquid assets; and

(2) to encourage and increase the involvement of mortgagees and participants in the mortgage markets in the making and servicing of home equity conversion mortgages for elderly homeowners.

For purposes of this section:

(1) The terms “elderly homeowner” and “homeowner” mean any homeowner who is, or whose spouse is, at least 62 years of age or such higher age as the Secretary may prescribe.

(2) The terms “mortgagee”, “mortgagor”, “real estate,” 1 and “State” have the meanings given such terms in section 1707 of this title.

(3) The term “home equity conversion mortgage” means a first mortgage which provides for future payments to the homeowner based on accumulated equity and which a housing creditor (as defined in section 3802(2) of this title) is authorized to make (A) under any law of the United States (other than section 3803 of this title) or applicable agency regulations thereunder; (B) in accordance with section 3803 of this title, notwithstanding any State constitution, law, or regulation; or (C) under any State constitution, law, or regulation.

(4)

(A) under a lease for not less than 99 years that is renewable; or

(B) under a lease that has a term that ends no earlier than the minimum number of years, as specified by the Secretary, beyond the actuarial life expectancy of the mortgagor or comortgagor, whichever is the later date.

(5)

The Secretary may, upon application by a mortgagee, insure any home equity conversion mortgage eligible for insurance under this section and, upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, make commitments for the insurance of such mortgages prior to the date of their execution or disbursement to the extent that the Secretary determines such mortgages—

(1) have promise for improving the financial situation or otherwise meeting the special needs of elderly homeowners;

(2) will include appropriate safeguards for mortgagors to offset the special risks of such mortgages; and

(3) have a potential for acceptance in the mortgage market.

To be eligible for insurance under this section, a mortgage shall—

(1) have been originated by a mortgagee approved by the Secretary;

(2) have been executed by a mortgagor who—

(A) qualifies as an elderly homeowner;

(B) has received adequate counseling, as provided in subsection (f), by an independent third party that is not, either directly or indirectly, associated with or compensated by a party involved in—

(i) originating or servicing the mortgage;

(ii) funding the loan underlying the mortgage; or

(iii) the sale of annuities, investments, long-term care insurance, or any other type of financial or insurance product;

(C) has received full disclosure, as prescribed by the Secretary, of all costs charged to the mortgagor, including costs of estate planning, financial advice, and other services that are related to the mortgage but are not required to obtain the mortgage, which disclosure shall clearly state which charges are required to obtain the mortgage and which are not required to obtain the mortgage; and

(D) meets any additional requirements prescribed by the Secretary;

(3) be secured by a dwelling that is designed principally for a 1- to 4-family residence in which the mortgagor occupies 1 of the units;

(4) provide that prepayment, in whole or in part, may be made without penalty at any time during the period of the mortgage;

(5) provide for a fixed or variable interest rate or future sharing between the mortgagor and the mortgagee of the appreciation in the value of the property, as agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee;

(6) contain provisions for satisfaction of the obligation satisfactory to the Secretary;

(7) provide that the homeowner shall not be liable for any difference between the net amount of the remaining indebtedness of the homeowner under the mortgage and the amount recovered by the mortgagee from—

(A) the net sales proceeds from the dwelling that are subject to the mortgage (based upon the amount of the accumulated equity selected by the mortgagor to be subject to the mortgage, as agreed upon by the mortgagor and mortgagee); or

(B) the insurance benefits paid pursuant to subsection (i)(1)(C) of this section;

(8) contain such terms and provisions with respect to insurance, repairs, alterations, payment of taxes, default reserve, delinquency charges, foreclosure proceedings, anticipation of maturity, additional and secondary liens, and other matters as the Secretary may prescribe;

(9) provide for future payments to the mortgagor based on accumulated equity (minus any applicable fees and charges), according to the method that the mortgagor shall select from among the methods under this paragraph, by payment of the amount—

(A) based upon a line of credit;

(B) on a monthly basis over a term specified by the mortgagor;

(C) on a monthly basis over a term specified by the mortgagor and based upon a line of credit;

(D) on a monthly basis over the tenure of the mortgagor;

(E) on a monthly basis over the tenure of the mortgagor and based upon a line of credit; or

(F) on any other basis that the Secretary considers appropriate;

(10) provide that the mortgagor may convert the method of payment under paragraph (9) to any other method during the term of the mortgage, except that in the case of a fixed rate mortgage, the Secretary may, by regulation, limit such convertibility; and

(11) have been made with such restrictions as the Secretary determines to be appropriate to ensure that the mortgagor does not fund any unnecessary or excessive costs for obtaining the mortgage, including any costs of estate planning, financial advice, or other related services.

The Secretary shall require each mortgagee of a mortgage insured under this section to make available to the homeowner—

(1) at the time of the loan application, a written list of the names and addresses of third-party information sources who are approved by the Secretary as responsible and able to provide the information required by subsection (f) of this section;

(2) at least 10 days prior to loan closing, a statement informing the homeowner that the liability of the homeowner under the mortgage is limited and explaining the homeowner's rights, obligations, and remedies with respect to temporary absences from the home, late payments, and payment default by the lender, all conditions requiring satisfaction of the loan obligation, and any other information that the Secretary may require;

(3) on an annual basis (but not later than January 31 of each year), a statement summarizing the total principal amount paid to the homeowner under the loan secured by the mortgage, the total amount of deferred interest added to the principal, and the outstanding loan balance at the end of the preceding year; and

(4) prior to loan closing, a statement of the projected total cost of the mortgage to the homeowner based on the projected total future loan balance (such cost expressed as a single average annual interest rate for at least 2 different appreciation rates for the term of the mortgage) for not less than 2 projected loan terms, as the Secretary shall determine, which shall include—

(A) the cost for a short-term mortgage; and

(B) the cost for a loan term equaling the actuarial life expectancy of the mortgagor.

The Secretary shall provide or cause to be provided adequate counseling for the mortgagor, as described in subsection (d)(2)(B). Such counseling shall be provided by counselors that meet qualification standards and follow uniform counseling protocols. The qualification standards and counseling protocols shall be established by the Secretary within 12 months of July 30, 2008. The protocols shall require a qualified counselor to discuss with each mortgagor information which shall include—

(1) options other than a home equity conversion mortgage that are available to the homeowner, including other housing, social service, health, and financial options;

(2) other home equity conversion options that are or may become available to the homeowner, such as sale-leaseback financing, deferred payment loans, and property tax deferral;

(3) the financial implications of entering into a home equity conversion mortgage;

(4) a disclosure that a home equity conversion mortgage may have tax consequences, affect eligibility for assistance under Federal and State programs, and have an impact on the estate and heirs of the homeowner; and

(5) any other information that the Secretary may require.

The Secretary shall consult with consumer groups, industry representatives, representatives of counseling organizations, and other interested parties to identify alternative approaches to providing consumer information required by this subsection that may be feasible and desirable for home equity conversion mortgages insured under this section and other types of reverse mortgages. The Secretary may, in lieu of providing the consumer education required by this subsection, adopt alternative approaches to consumer education that may be developed as a result of such consultations, but only if the alternative approaches provide all of the information specified in this subsection.

The aggregate number of mortgages insured under this section may not exceed 275,000. In no case may the benefits of insurance under this section exceed the maximum dollar amount limitation established under section 1454(a)(2) of this title for a 1-family residence.

The Secretary may—

(1) enter into such contracts and agreements with Federal, State, and local agencies, public and private entities, and such other persons as the Secretary determines to be necessary or desirable to carry out the purposes of this section; and

(2) make such investigations and studies of data, and publish and distribute such reports, as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, and in order to further the purposes of the program authorized in this section, the Secretary shall take any action necessary—

(A) to provide any mortgagor under this section with funds to which the mortgagor is entitled under the insured mortgage or ancillary contracts but that the mortgagor has not received because of the default of the party responsible for payment;

(B) to obtain repayment of disbursements provided under subparagraph (A) from any source; and

(C) to provide any mortgagee under this section with funds not to exceed the limitations in subsection (g) of this section to which the mortgagee is entitled under the terms of the insured mortgage or ancillary contracts authorized in this section.

(2) Actions under paragraph (1) may include—

(A) disbursing funds to the mortgagor or mortgagee from the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund;

(B) accepting an assignment of the insured mortgage notwithstanding that the mortgagor is not in default under its terms, and calculating the amount and making the payment of the insurance claim on such assigned mortgage;

(C) requiring a subordinate mortgage from the mortgagor at any time in order to secure repayments of any funds advanced or to be advanced to the mortgagor;

(D) requiring a subrogation to the Secretary of the rights of any parties to the transaction against any defaulting parties; and

(E) imposing premium charges.

The Secretary may not insure a home equity conversion mortgage under this section unless such mortgage provides that the homeowner's obligation to satisfy the loan obligation is deferred until the homeowner's death, the sale of the home, or the occurrence of other events specified in regulations of the Secretary. For purposes of this subsection, the term “homeowner” includes the spouse of a homeowner. Section 1647(b) of title 15 and any implementing regulations issued by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System shall not apply to a mortgage insured under this section.

The Secretary may, upon application by a mortgagee, insure under this subsection any mortgage given to refinance an existing home equity conversion mortgage insured under this section.

The Secretary shall, by regulation, require that the mortgagee of a mortgage insured under this subsection, provide to the mortgagor, within an appropriate time period and in a manner established in such regulations, a good faith estimate of: (A) the total cost of the refinancing; and (B) the increase in the mortgagor's principal limit as measured by the estimated initial principal limit on the mortgage to be insured under this subsection less the current principal limit on the home equity conversion mortgage that is being refinanced and insured under this subsection.

The mortgagor under a mortgage insured under this subsection may waive the applicability, with respect to such mortgage, of the requirements under subsection (d)(2)(B) of this section (relating to third party counseling), but only if—

(A) the mortgagor has received the disclosure required under paragraph (2);

(B) the increase in the principal limit described in paragraph (2) exceeds the amount of the total cost of refinancing (as described in such paragraph) by an amount to be determined by the Secretary; and

(C) the time between the closing of the original home equity conversion mortgage that is refinanced through the mortgage insured under this subsection and the application for a refinancing mortgage insured under this subsection does not exceed 5 years.

Notwithstanding section 1709(c)(2)(A) of this title, the Secretary may reduce the amount of the single premium payment otherwise collected under such section at the time of the insurance of a mortgage refinanced and insured under this subsection. The amount of the single premium for mortgages refinanced under this subsection shall be determined by the Secretary based on the actuarial study required under paragraph (5).

Not later than 180 days after December 27, 2000, the Secretary shall conduct an actuarial analysis to determine the adequacy of the insurance premiums collected under the program under this subsection with respect to—

(A) a reduction in the single premium payment collected at the time of the insurance of a mortgage refinanced and insured under this subsection;

(B) the establishment of a single national limit on the benefits of insurance under subsection (g) of this section (relating to limitation on insurance authority); and

(C) the combined effect of reduced insurance premiums and a single national limitation on insurance authority.

The Secretary may establish a limit on the origination fee that may be charged to a mortgagor under a mortgage insured under this subsection, except that such limitation shall provide that the origination fee may be fully financed with the mortgage and shall include any fees paid to correspondent mortgagees approved by the Secretary.

The Secretary may use a portion of the mortgage insurance premiums collected under the program under this section to adequately fund the counseling and disclosure activities required under subsection (f), including counseling for those homeowners who elect not to take out a home equity conversion mortgage, provided that the use of such funds is based upon accepted actuarial principles.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the Secretary may insure, upon application by a mortgagee, a home equity conversion mortgage upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, when the home equity conversion mortgage will be used to purchase a 1- to 4-family dwelling unit, one unit of which the mortgagor will occupy as a primary residence, and to provide for any future payments to the mortgagor, based on available equity, as authorized under subsection (d)(9).

A home equity conversion mortgage insured pursuant to paragraph (1) shall involve a principal obligation that does not exceed the dollar amount limitation determined under section 1454(a)(2) of this title for a 1-family residence.

The mortgagee and any other party that participates in the origination of a mortgage to be insured under this section shall—

(A) not participate in, be associated with, or employ any party that participates in or is associated with any other financial or insurance activity; or

(B) demonstrate to the Secretary that the mortgagee or other party maintains, or will maintain, firewalls and other safeguards designed to ensure that—

(i) individuals participating in the origination of the mortgage shall have no involvement with, or incentive to provide the mortgagor with, any other financial or insurance product; and

(ii) the mortgagor shall not be required, directly or indirectly, as a condition of obtaining a mortgage under this section, to purchase any other financial or insurance product.

All parties that participate in the origination of a mortgage to be insured under this section shall be approved by the Secretary.

The mortgagor or any other party shall not be required by the mortgagee or any other party to purchase an insurance, annuity, or other similar product as a requirement or condition of eligibility for insurance under subsection (c), except for title insurance, hazard, flood, or other peril insurance, or other such products that are customary and normal under subsection (c), as determined by the Secretary.

The Secretary shall conduct a study to examine and determine appropriate consumer protections and underwriting standards to ensure that the purchase of products referred to in subsection (*o*) is appropriate for the consumer. In conducting such study, the Secretary shall consult with consumer advocates (including recognized experts in consumer protection), industry representatives, representatives of counseling organizations, and other interested parties.

The Secretary shall establish limits on the origination fee that may be charged to a mortgagor under a mortgage insured under this section, which limitations shall—

(1) be equal to 2.0 percent of the maximum claim amount of the mortgage, up to a maximum claim amount of $200,000 plus 1 percent of any portion of the maximum claim amount that is greater than $200,000, unless adjusted thereafter on the basis of an analysis of—

(A) the costs to mortgagors; and

(B) the impact on the reverse mortgage market;

(2) be subject to a minimum allowable amount;

(3) provide that the origination fee may be fully financed with the mortgage;

(4) include any fees paid to correspondent mortgagees approved by the Secretary;

(5) have the same effective date as subsection (m)(2) regarding the limitation on principal obligation; and

(6) be subject to a maximum origination fee of $6,000, except that such maximum limit shall be adjusted in accordance with the annual percentage increase in the Consumer Price Index of the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor in increments of $500 only when the percentage increase in such index, when applied to the maximum origination fee, produces dollar increases that exceed $500.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §255, as added Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §417(a), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1908; amended Pub. L. 100–628, title X, §1066, Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3275; Pub. L. 101–508, title II, §2106, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–20; Pub. L. 101–625, title III, §334(b)–(d), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4141, 4142; Pub. L. 102–389, title II, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1592; Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §§503(c)(2), 520, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3779, 3793; Pub. L. 104–99, title IV, §406, Jan. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 45; Pub. L. 104–120, §6, Mar. 28, 1996, 110 Stat. 835; Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §593(a)–(e)(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2654, 2655; Pub. L. 106–569, title II, §201(a)(1), (b), (c)(1), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2948, 2950; Pub. L. 109–13, div. A, title VI, §6074, May 11, 2005, 119 Stat. 300; Pub. L. 109–289, div. B, §131, Sept. 29, 2006, 120 Stat. 1316; Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §§2118(b)(2), 2122(a)–(c), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835–2838; Pub. L. 111–22, div. A, title II, §206, May 20, 2009, 123 Stat. 1654.)

**2009**—Subsec. (b)(4)(B). Pub. L. 111–22 added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B), which read as follows: “under a lease having a period of not less than 10 years to run beyond the maturity date of the mortgage.”

**2008**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 110–289, §2122(a)(1), inserted “ ‘real estate,’ ” after “ ‘mortgagor’, ”.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 110–289, §2122(b)(1), in introductory provisions, inserted “a first or subordinate mortgage or lien” before “on all stock”, “unit” before “in a residential”, and “a first mortgage or first lien” before “on a leasehold”.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 110–289, §2122(b)(2), inserted “a first or subordinate lien on” before “all stock”.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 110–289, §2122(a)(2), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: “have been made to a mortgagee approved by the Secretary as responsible and able to service the mortgage properly;”.

Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 110–289, §2122(a)(3), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: “has received adequate counseling by a third party (other than the lender) as provided in subsection (f) of this section;”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–289, §2122(a)(4), substituted “Counseling services and information for mortgagors” for “Information services for mortgagors” in heading and amended introductory provisions generally. Prior to amendment, introductory provisions read as follows: “The Secretary shall provide or cause to be provided by entities other than the lender the information required in subsection (d)(2)(B) of this section. Such information shall be discussed with the mortgagor and shall include—”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 110–289, §2122(a)(5), substituted “limitation established under section 1454(a)(2) of this title for a 1-family residence” for “established under section 1709(b)(2) of this title for 1-family residences in the area in which the dwelling subject to the mortgage under this section is located”.

Subsec. (i)(2)(A). Pub. L. 110–289, §2118(b)(2), substituted “Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund” for “General Insurance Fund”.

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 110–289, §2122(a)(8), amended subsec. (*l*) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (*l*) related to funding for counseling and consumer education and outreach.

Pub. L. 110–289, §2122(a)(6), (7), redesignated subsec. (m) as (*l*) and struck out former subsec. (*l*) which related to waiver of up-front premiums for mortgages to fund long-term care insurance.

Subsecs. (m) to (p). Pub. L. 110–289, §2122(a)(9), added subsecs. (m) to (p). Former subsec. (m) redesignated (*l*).

Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 110–289, §2122(c), added subsec. (r).

**2006**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–289 substituted “275,000” for “250,000”.

**2005**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–13 substituted “250,000” for “150,000”.

**2000**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 106–569, §201(b)(1), struck out “ ‘mortgage’,” before “ ‘mortgagee’,”.

Subsec. (b)(4), (5). Pub. L. 106–569, §201(b)(2), added pars. (4) and (5).

Subsecs. (k) to (m). Pub. L. 106–569, §201(a)(1), (c)(1), added subsecs. (k) and (*l*) and redesignated former subsec. (k) as (m).

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–276, §593(d)(1), struck out “Demonstration program of” before “Insurance” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–276, §593(d)(2), (3), struck out “demonstration” before “program” in introductory provisions, inserted “and” at end of par. (1), substituted a period for “; and” at end of par. (2), and struck out par. (3) which read as follows: “to require the evaluation of data to determine—

“(A) the extent of the need and demand among elderly homeowners for insured and uninsured home equity conversion mortgages;

“(B) the types of home equity conversion mortgages that best serve the needs and interests of elderly homeowners, the Federal Government, and lenders; and

“(C) the appropriate scope and nature of participation by the Secretary in connection with home equity conversion mortgages for elderly homeowners.”

Subsec. (d)(2)(C), (D). Pub. L. 105–276, §593(e)(1)(A), added subpar. (C) and redesignated former subpar. (C) as (D).

Subsec. (d)(11). Pub. L. 105–276, §593(e)(1)(B)–(D), added par. (11).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–276, §593(b), inserted concluding provisions.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–276, §593(a), substituted “The aggregate number of mortgages insured under this section may not exceed 150,000.” for “No mortgage may be insured under this section after September 30, 2000, except pursuant to a commitment to insure issued on or before such date. The total number of mortgages insured under this section may not exceed 50,000.”

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 105–276, §593(d)(2), struck out “demonstration” before “program” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 105–276, §593(d)(4), (5), redesignated subsec. (*l*) as (k) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (k), which had required interim report not later than Sept. 30, 1989, on design and implementation of demonstration program of insurance of home equity conversion mortgages for elderly homeowners, preliminary evaluation of program incorporating comments and recommendations not later than Mar. 30, 1992, and updated report and evaluation biennially thereafter, including analysis of repayment of home equity conversion mortgages during report period.

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 105–276, §593(d)(5), redesignated subsec. (*l*) as (k).

Pub. L. 105–276, §593(c), added subsec. (*l*).

**1996**—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 104–120, §6(c), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: “be secured by a dwelling that is designed principally for a 1-family residence and is occupied by the mortgagor;”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–120, §6(a), (b), substituted “2000” for “1996” and “50,000” for “30,000”.

Pub. L. 104–99 substituted “1996” for “1995” and “30,000” for “25,000”.

**1992**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–389 and Pub. L. 102–550, §503(c)(2), amended subsec. (g) identically, substituting “for 1-family residences in the area in which the dwelling subject to the mortgage under this section is located” for “for a 1-family residence”.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 102–550, §520, inserted at end “Section 1647(b) of title 15 and any implementing regulations issued by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System shall not apply to a mortgage insured under this section.”

**1990**—Subsec. (d)(7)(A). Pub. L. 101–625, §334(c), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: “the foreclosure sale; or”.

Subsec. (d)(9), (10). Pub. L. 101–625, §334(b), added pars. (9) and (10).

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 101–625, §334(d)(1), substituted “statement informing the homeowner that the liability of the homeowner under the mortgage is limited and” for “statement” and struck out “and” at end.

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 101–625, §334(d)(2), (3), added par. (4).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–508, §2106, substituted “September 30, 1995” for “September 30, 1991” and “may not exceed 25,000” for “may not exceed 2,500”.

**1988**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 100–628, §1066(a), made technical amendment to reference to section 3802(2) of this title to correct reference to corresponding provision of original act.

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 100–628, §1066(b), struck out “and that has a value not to exceed the maximum dollar amount established by the Secretary under section 1709(b)(2) of this title for a 1-family residence” after “by the mortgagor”.

Pub. L. 106–569, title II, §201(c)(2), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2951, provided that: “The provisions of section 255(*l*) of the National Housing Act [former 12 U.S.C. 1715z–20(*l*)] (as added by paragraph (1) of this subsection) shall apply only to mortgages closed on or after April 1, 2001.”

Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §593(f), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2655, provided that: “This section [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as a note below] shall take effect on, and the amendments made by this section are made on, and shall apply beginning upon, the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998].”

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–120 to be construed to have become effective Oct. 1, 1995, see section 13(a) of Pub. L. 104–120, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 1996 Amendments note under section 1437d of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Pub. L. 106–569, title II, §201(a)(2), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2949, provided that: “The Secretary shall issue any final regulations necessary to implement the amendments made by paragraph (1) of this subsection [amending this section], which shall take effect not later than the expiration of the 180-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2000]. The regulations shall be issued after notice and opportunity for public comment in accordance with the procedure under section 553 of title 5, United States Code, applicable to substantive rules (notwithstanding subsections (a)(2), (b)(B), and (d)(3) of such section).”

Section 417(b) of Pub. L. 100–242 directed Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, not later than 6 months after Feb. 5, 1988, to consult with lenders, insurers, and organizations and individuals with expertise in home equity conversion in developing proposed regulations implementing this section and not later than 9 months after Feb. 5, 1988, to issue proposed regulations implementing this section.

Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §593(e)(2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2655, provided that:

“(A)

“(B)

1 So in original. The comma probably should follow the closed quotes.

2 So in original. No subsec. (q) has been enacted.

The Secretary may delegate, to one or more mortgagees approved by the Secretary under the direct endorsement program, the authority of the Secretary under this chapter to insure mortgages involving property upon which there is located a dwelling designed principally for occupancy by 1 to 4 families.

In determining whether to delegate authority to a mortgagee under this section, the Secretary shall consider the experience and performance of the mortgagee compared to the default rate of all insured mortgages in comparable markets, and such other factors as the Secretary determines appropriate to minimize risk of loss to the insurance funds under this chapter.

If the Secretary determines that a mortgage insured by a mortgagee pursuant to delegation of authority under this section was not originated in accordance with the requirements established by the Secretary, and the Secretary pays an insurance claim with respect to the mortgage within a reasonable period specified by the Secretary, the Secretary may require the mortgagee approved under this section to indemnify the Secretary for the loss.

If fraud or misrepresentation was involved in connection with the origination, the Secretary may require the mortgagee approved under this section to indemnify the Secretary for the loss regardless of when an insurance claim is paid.

If a mortgagee to which the Secretary has made a delegation under this section violates the requirements and procedures established by the Secretary or the Secretary determines that other good cause exists, the Secretary may cancel a delegation of authority under this section to the mortgagee by giving notice to the mortgagee. Such a cancellation shall be effective upon receipt of the notice by the mortgagee or at a later date specified by the Secretary. A decision by the Secretary to cancel a delegation shall be final and conclusive and shall not be subject to judicial review.

Before approving a delegation under this section, the Secretary shall issue regulations establishing appropriate requirements and procedures, including requirements and procedures governing the indemnification of the Secretary by the mortgagee.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §256, as added Pub. L. 104–204, title IV, §427, Sept. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 2928.)

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (hereinafter referred to as the “Secretary”) shall carry out programs through the Federal Housing Administration to provide new forms of Federal credit enhancement for multifamily loans. In carrying out the programs, the Secretary shall include an evaluation of the effectiveness of entering into partnerships or other contractual arrangements including reinsurance and risk-sharing agreements with State or local housing finance agencies, the Federal Housing Finance Board, the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, qualified financial institutions, and other State or local mortgage insurance companies or bank lending consortia.

The Secretary shall carry out a program in conjunction with qualified participating entities to provide Federal credit enhancement for loans for affordable multifamily housing through a system of risk-sharing agreements with such entities.

In carrying out the program under this subsection, the Secretary shall enter into risk-sharing agreements with qualified participating entities.

Agreements under subparagraph (A) may provide for (i) mortgage insurance through the Federal Housing Administration of loans for affordable multifamily housing originated by or through, or purchased by, qualified participating entities, and (ii) reinsurance, including reinsurance of pools of loans, on affordable multifamily housing. In entering into risk-sharing agreements under this subsection covering mortgages, the Secretary may give preference to mortgages that are not already in the portfolios of qualified participating entities.

Agreements entered into under this subsection between the Secretary and a qualified participating entity shall specify the percentage of loss that each of the parties to the agreement will assume in the event of default of the insured or reinsured multifamily mortgage. Such agreements shall specify that the qualified participating entity and the Secretary shall share any loss in accordance with the risk-sharing agreement.

Agreements entered into under this subsection between the Secretary and a qualified participating entity shall provide evidence acceptable to the Secretary of the capacity of such entity to fulfill any reimbursement obligations made pursuant to this subsection. Evidence of such capacity which may be considered by the Secretary may include—

(i) a pledge of the full faith and credit of a qualified participating entity to fulfill any obligations entered into by the entity;

(ii) reserves pledged or otherwise restricted by the qualified participating entity in an amount equal to an agreed upon percentage of the loss assumed by the entity under subparagraph (C);

(iii) funds pledged through a State or local guarantee fund; or

(iv) any other form of evidence mutually agreed upon by the Secretary and the qualified participating entity.

The Secretary shall allow any qualified participating entity to use its own underwriting standards and loan terms and conditions for purposes of underwriting loans to be insured under this subsection, except as provided in this section, without further review by the Secretary, except that the Secretary may impose additional underwriting criteria and loan terms and conditions for contractual agreements where the Secretary retains more than 50 percent of the risk of loss. Any financing permitted on property insured under this subsection other than the first mortgage shall be expressly subordinate to the insured mortgage.

The Secretary, upon request of a qualified participating entity, may insure or reinsure and make commitments to insure or reinsure under this section any mortgage, advance, loan, or pool of mortgages otherwise eligible under this section, pursuant to a risk-sharing agreement providing that the qualified participating entity will carry out (under a delegation or otherwise, and with or without compensation, but subject to audit, exception, or review requirements) such credit approval, appraisal, inspection, issuance of commitments, approval of insurance of advances, cost certification, servicing, property disposition, or other functions as the Secretary shall approve as consistent with the purpose of this section. All appraisals of property for mortgage insurance under this section shall be completed by a Certified General Appraiser in accordance with the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice.

Qualified participating entities shall make available to the Secretary or the Secretary's designee, at the Secretary's request, such financial and other records as the Secretary deems necessary for purposes of review and monitoring for the program under this section.

The Secretary shall develop and assess a variety of risk-sharing alternatives, including arrangements under which the Secretary assumes an appropriate share of the risk related to long-term mortgage loans on newly constructed or acquired multifamily rental housing, mortgage refinancings, bridge financing for construction, and other forms of multifamily housing mortgage lending that the Secretary deems appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection. Such alternatives shall be designed—

(A) to ensure that other parties bear a share of the risk, in percentage amount and in position of exposure, that is sufficient to create strong, market-oriented incentives for other participating parties to maintain sound underwriting and loan management practices;

(B) to develop credit mechanisms, including sound underwriting criteria, processing methods, and credit enhancements, through which resources of the Federal Housing Administration can assist in increasing multifamily housing lending as needed to meet the expected need in the United States;

(C) to provide a more adequate supply of mortgage credit for sound multifamily rental housing projects in underserved urban and rural markets;

(D) to encourage major financial institutions to expand their participation in mortgage lending for sound multifamily housing, through means such as mitigating uncertainties regarding actions of the Federal Government (including the possible failure to renew short-term subsidy contracts);

(E) to increase the efficiency, and lower the costs to the Federal Government, of processing and servicing multifamily housing mortgage loans insured by the Federal Housing Administration; and

(F) to improve the quality and expertise of Federal Housing Administration staff and other resources, as required for sound management of reinsurance and other market-oriented forms of credit enhancement.

The Secretary shall establish and enforce standards for eligibility under this subsection of qualified participating entities under this subsection, as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

Using any authority provided in appropriation Acts to insure mortgages under the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], the Secretary may enter into commitments under this subsection for risk-sharing units.

The Secretary shall establish and collect premiums and fees under this subsection as the Secretary determines appropriate to (A) achieve the purpose of this subsection, and (B) compensate the Federal Housing Administration for the risks assumed and related administrative costs.

The Secretary shall carry out this subsection, to the maximum extent practicable, with the participation of well-established residential mortgage originators, financial institutions that invest in multifamily housing mortgages, multifamily housing sponsors, and such other private sector experts in multifamily housing finance as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

The Government National Mortgage Association shall not securitize any multifamily loans insured or reinsured under this subsection.

Multifamily housing securing loans insured or reinsured under this subsection shall qualify as affordable only if the housing is occupied by families and bears rents not greater than the gross rent for rent-restricted residential units as determined under section 42(g) of title 26.

The requirements of section 3545(d) of title 42 may be satisfied in connection with a commitment to insure a mortgage under this subsection by a certification by a housing credit agency (including an entity established by a State that provides mortgage insurance) to the Secretary that the combination of assistance within the jurisdiction of the Secretary and other government assistance provided in connection with a property for which a mortgage is to be insured shall not be any greater than is necessary to provide affordable housing.

The Secretary shall take any administrative actions necessary to initiate the program under this subsection.

The Secretary shall carry out a specific program in conjunction with qualified housing finance agencies (including entities established by States that provide mortgage insurance) to provide Federal credit enhancement for loans for affordable multifamily housing through a system of risk-sharing agreements with such agencies.

In carrying out the program authorized under this subsection, the Secretary shall enter into risk-sharing agreements with qualified housing finance agencies.

Agreements under subparagraph (A) shall provide for full mortgage insurance through the Federal Housing Administration of the loans for affordable multifamily housing originated by or through qualified housing finance agencies and for reimbursement to the Secretary by such agencies for either all or a portion of the losses incurred on the loans insured.

Agreements entered into under this subsection between the Secretary and a qualified housing finance agency shall specify the percentage of loss that each of the parties to the agreement will assume in the event of default of the insured multifamily mortgage. Such agreements shall specify that the qualified housing finance agency and the Secretary shall share any loss in accordance with the risk-sharing agreement.

Agreements entered into under this subsection between the Secretary and a qualified housing finance agency shall provide evidence of the capacity of such agency to fulfill any reimbursement obligations made pursuant to this subsection. Evidence of such capacity may include—

(i) a pledge of the full faith and credit of a qualified State or local agency to fulfill any obligations entered into by the qualified housing finance agency;

(ii) reserves pledged or otherwise restricted by the qualified housing finance agency in an amount equal to an agreed upon percentage of the loss assumed by the housing finance agency under subparagraph (C);

(iii) funds pledged through a State or local guarantee fund; or

(iv) any other form of evidence mutually agreed upon by the Secretary and the qualified housing finance agency.

The Secretary shall allow any qualified housing finance agency to use its own underwriting standards and loan terms and conditions for purposes of underwriting loans to be insured under this subsection without further review by the Secretary, except that the Secretary may impose additional underwriting criteria and loan terms and conditions for contractual agreements where the Secretary retains more than 50 percent of the risk of loss.

Qualified housing finance agencies shall make available to the Secretary such financial and other records as the Secretary deems necessary for program review and monitoring purposes.

The Secretary shall establish a schedule of insurance premium payments for mortgages insured under this subsection based on the percentage of loss the Secretary may assume. Such schedule shall reflect lower or nominal premiums for qualified housing finance agencies that assume a greater share of the risk apportioned according to paragraph (2)(C).

Using any authority provided in appropriation Acts to insure mortgages under the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], the Secretary may enter into commitments under this subsection for risk-sharing units.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall not apply identity of interest provisions to agreements entered into with qualified State housing finance agencies under this subsection.

The Government National Mortgage Association shall not securitize any multifamily loans insured under this subsection.

Multifamily housing securing loans insured under this subsection shall qualify as affordable only if the housing is occupied by families and bears rents not greater than the gross rent for rent-restricted residential units as determined under section 42(g) of title 26.

Not later than 90 days after October 28, 1992, the Secretary shall issue such regulations as may be necessary to carry out this subsection.

(I) In order to assure that the policies of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.] and other provisions of law which further the purposes of such Act (as specified in regulations issued by the Secretary) are most effectively implemented in connection with the insurance of mortgages under subsection (c)(2) of this section, and to assure to the public undiminished protection of the environment, the Secretary may, under such regulations, in lieu of the environmental protection procedures otherwise applicable, provide for agreements to endorse for insurance mortgages under subsection (c)(2) of this section upon the request of qualified housing finance agencies under this subsection, if the State or unit of general local government, as designated by the Secretary in accordance with regulations, assumes all of the responsibilities for environmental review, decisionmaking, and action pursuant to such Act, and such other provisions of law as the regulations of the Secretary may specify, that would otherwise apply to the Secretary with respect to the insurance of mortgages on particular properties.

(II) The Secretary shall issue regulations to carry out this subparagraph only after consultation with the Council on Environmental Quality. Such regulations shall, among other matters, provide—

(aa) for the monitoring of the performance of environmental reviews under this subparagraph;

(bb) subject to the discretion of the Secretary, for the provision or facilitation of training for such performance; and

(cc) subject to the discretion of the Secretary, for the suspension or termination by the Secretary of the qualified housing finance agency's responsibilities under subclause (I).

(III) The Secretary's duty under subclause (II) shall not be construed to limit any responsibility assumed by a State or unit of general local government with respect to any particular property under subclause (I).

The Secretary shall approve a mortgage for the provision of mortgage insurance subject to the procedures authorized by this paragraph only if, not less than 15 days prior to such approval, prior to any approval, commitment, or endorsement of mortgage insurance on the property on behalf of the Secretary, and prior to any commitment by the qualified housing finance agency to provide financing under the risk-sharing agreement with respect to the property, the qualified housing finance agency submits to the Secretary a request for such approval, accompanied by a certification of the State or unit of general local government that meets the requirements of clause (iii). The Secretary's approval of any such certification shall be deemed to satisfy the Secretary's responsibilities under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.] and such other provisions of law as the regulations of the Secretary specify insofar as those responsibilities relate to the provision of mortgage insurance on the property that is covered by such certification.

A certification under the procedures authorized by this paragraph shall—

(I) be in a form acceptable to the Secretary;

(II) be executed by the chief executive officer or other officer of the State or unit of general local government who qualifies under regulations of the Secretary;

(III) specify that the State or unit of general local government under this section has fully carried out its responsibilities as described under clause (i); and

(IV) specify that the certifying officer consents to assume the status of a responsible Federal official under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.] and under each provision of law specified in regulations issued by the Secretary insofar as the provisions of such Act or such other provisions of law apply pursuant to clause (i), and is authorized and consents on behalf of the State or unit of general local government and himself or herself to accept the jurisdiction of the Federal courts for the purpose of enforcement of the responsibilities as such an official.

In cases in which a unit of general local government carries out the responsibilities described in clause (i), the Secretary may permit the State to perform those actions of the Secretary described in clause (ii) and the performance of such actions by the State, where permitted by the Secretary, shall be deemed to satisfy the Secretary's responsibilities referred to in the second sentence of clause (ii).

In carrying out the requirements of section 302 of the Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act [42 U.S.C. 4822], the Secretary may provide by regulation for the assumption of all or part of the Secretary's duties under such Act [42 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.] by qualified housing finance agencies, for purposes of this section.

The requirements of section 3545(d) of title 42 may be satisfied in connection with a commitment to insure a mortgage under this subsection by a certification by a housing credit agency (including an entity established by a State that provides mortgage insurance) to the Secretary that the combination of assistance within the jurisdiction of the Secretary and other government assistance provided in connection with a property for which a mortgage is to be insured shall not be any greater than is necessary to provide affordable housing.

For purposes of this subsection, the following definitions shall apply:

The term “mortgage” means a first mortgage on real estate that is—

(i) owned in fee simple; or

(ii) subject to a leasehold interest that—

(I) has a term of not less than 99 years and is renewable; or

(II) has a remaining term that extends beyond the maturity of the mortgage for a period of not less than 10 years.

The term “first mortgage” means a single first lien given to secure advances on, or the unpaid purchase price of, real estate, under the laws of the State in which the real estate is located, together with the credit instrument, if any, secured thereby. Any other financing permitted on property insured under this section must be expressly subordinate to the insured mortgage.

The terms “unit of general local government” and “State” have the same meanings as in section 5302(a) of title 42.

(Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §542, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3794; Pub. L. 103–233, title III, §307(a), (b), Apr. 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 373, 376; Pub. L. 104–120, §8, Mar. 28, 1996, 110 Stat. 836; Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(e) [title II, §205], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–257, 1321–284; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 105–18, title II, §10003, June 12, 1997, 111 Stat. 201; Pub. L. 105–276, title II, §211, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2486; Pub. L. 106–74, title II, §226, as added Pub. L. 106–113, div. A, title I, §175(d), Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1534; Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §235], Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1441, 1441A–35.)

The National Housing Act, referred to in subsecs. (b)(5) and (c)(4), is act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, as amended, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1701 of this title and Tables.

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (c)(9)(A)(i)(I), (ii), (iii)(IV), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(9)(B), is Pub. L. 91–695, Jan. 13, 1971, 84 Stat. 2078, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 63 (§4801 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4801 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section was formerly set out as a note under section 1707 of this title.

Section was enacted as part of the Multifamily Housing Finance Improvement Act and also as part of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**2000**—Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §235(6)], substituted “programs” for “demonstrations” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §235(1)], substituted “provide” for “demonstrate the effectiveness of providing” in first sentence and “the programs” for “demonstration programs” in second sentence.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §235(5)], struck out “pilot” after “Risk-sharing” in heading.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §235(2)(A)], substituted “provide” for “determine the effectiveness of”.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §235(5)], struck out “pilot” before “program”.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §235(2)(B)], added par. (5) and struck out heading and text of former par. (5). Text read as follows: “Using any authority provided in appropriation Acts to insure loans under the National Housing Act, the Secretary may enter into commitments under this subsection for risk sharing with respect to mortgages on not more than 7,500 units during fiscal year 1996. The demonstration authorized under this subsection shall not be expanded until the reports required under subsection (d) are submitted to Congress, and not more than an additional 25,000 units in each of the fiscal years 1999 and 2000.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §235(5)], struck out “pilot” after “finance agency” in heading.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §235(3)(A), (5)], struck out “pilot” before “program” and substituted “provide Federal credit enhancement” for “test the effectiveness of Federal credit enhancement”.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §235(5)], struck out “pilot” after “Program requirements” in heading.

Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §235(5)], struck out “pilot” before “program”.

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §235(3)(B)], added par. (4) and struck out heading and text of former par. (4). Text read as follows: “Using any authority provided by appropriations Acts to insure mortgages under the National Housing Act, the Secretary may enter into commitments under this subsection with respect to mortgages on not more than 12,000 units during fiscal year 1996, not more than an additional 7,500 units during fiscal year 1997 and not more than an additional 25,000 units in each of fiscal years 1999 and 2000. The demonstration authorized under this subsection shall not be expanded until the reports required under subsection (d) of this section are submitted to the Congress.”

Subsec (d). Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §235(4)], struck out heading and text of subsec. (d) which related to independent studies and reports.

**1999**—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 106–74, §226(1), as added by 106–113, §175(d), substituted “in each of the fiscal years 1999 and 2000” for “during fiscal year 1999”.

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 106–74, §226(2), as added by Pub. L. 106–113, §175(d), substituted “in each of fiscal years 1999 and 2000” for “during fiscal year 1999”.

**1998**—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 105–276, §211(1), inserted before period at end “, and not more than an additional 25,000 units during fiscal year 1999”.

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 105–276, §211(2), substituted “1996,” for “1996 and” and inserted “and not more than an additional 25,000 units during fiscal year 1999” after “fiscal year 1997”.

**1997**—Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 105–18 substituted “on not more than 12,000 units during fiscal year 1996 and not more than an additional 7,500 units during fiscal year 1997” for “on not more than 12,000 units during fiscal year 1996”.

**1996**—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 104–120, §8(a), and Pub. L. 104–134, §101(e) [title II, §205(a)], amended par. (5) identically, substituting “on not more than 7,500 units during fiscal year 1996” for “on not more than 15,000 units over fiscal years 1993 and 1994”.

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 104–120, §8(b), and Pub. L. 104–134, §101(e) [title II, §205(b)], amended par. (4) identically, substituting “on not more than 12,000 units during fiscal year 1996” for “on not to exceed 30,000 units over fiscal years 1993, 1994, and 1995”.

**1994**—Subsec. (b)(1), (2). Pub. L. 103–233, §307(a)(1), added pars. (1) and (2) and struck out headings and text of former pars. (1) and (2) relating to authority of Secretary for carrying out risk-sharing pilot program and authority of Secretary for reinsurance agreements, respectively.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 103–233, §307(a)(2), substituted “eligibility under this subsection of qualified participating entities” for “financial institutions and entities to be eligible to enter into reinsurance agreements”.

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 103–233, §307(a)(3), (4), added par. (8) and struck out heading and text of former par. (8). Text read as follows: “The Secretary shall take any administrative actions necessary to initiate the pilot program under this subsection not later than the expiration of the 8-month period beginning on October 28, 1992.”

Subsec. (b)(9), (10). Pub. L. 103–233, §307(a)(4), added pars. (9) and (10).

Subsec. (b)(11). Pub. L. 103–233, §307(a)(3), added par. (11).

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 103–233, §307(b)(1), inserted “(including entities established by States that provide mortgage insurance)” after “qualified housing finance agencies”.

Subsec. (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 103–233, §307(b)(2)(A), substituted “Such agreements shall specify that the qualified housing finance agency and the Secretary shall share any loss in accordance with the risk-sharing agreement.” for “Such agreements shall specify that the qualified housing finance agency and the Secretary shall share equally the full amount of any loss on the insured mortgage.”

Subsec. (c)(2)(F). Pub. L. 103–233, §307(b)(2)(B), added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 103–233, §307(b)(3), struck out “very low-income” before “families” and “(2)” after “section 42(g)”.

Subsec. (c)(9), (10). Pub. L. 103–233, §307(b)(4), added pars. (9) and (10).

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–120 to be construed to have become effective Oct. 1, 1995, see section 13(a) of Pub. L. 104–120, set out as a note under section 1437d of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

For purposes of this subtitle:

(1) The term “multifamily housing” means housing accommodations on the mortgaged property that are designed principally for residential use, conform to standards satisfactory to the Secretary, and consist of not less than 5 rental units on 1 site. These units may be detached, semidetached, row house, or multifamily structures.

(2) The term “qualified housing finance agency” means any State or local housing finance agency that—

(A) carries the designation of “top tier” or its equivalent, as evaluated by Standard and Poors or any other nationally recognized rating agency;

(B) receives a rating of “A” for its general obligation bonds from a nationally recognized rating agency; or

(C) otherwise demonstrates its capacity as a sound and experienced agency based on, but not limited to, its experience in financing multifamily housing, fund balances, administrative capabilities, investment policy, internal controls and financial management, portfolio quality, and State or local support.

(3) The term “reinsurance agreement” means a contractual obligation under which the Secretary, in exchange for appropriate compensation, agrees to assume a specified portion of the risk of loss that a lender or other party has previously assumed with respect to a mortgage on a multifamily housing property.

(4) The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

(5) The term “qualified participating entity” means an entity approved by the Secretary for participation in the pilot program under this subsection, which may include—

(A) the Federal National Mortgage Association;

(B) the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation;

(C) State housing finance and mortgage insurance agencies; and

(D) the Federal Housing Finance Board.

(Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §544, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3801; Pub. L. 103–233, title III, §307(c), Apr. 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 378.)

This subtitle, referred to in text, means subtitle C (§§541–544) of Pub. L. 102–550, title V, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3794, as amended, known as the Multifamily Housing Finance Improvement Act, which enacted this section and section 1715z–22 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 1701 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1992 Amendment note set out under section 1701 of this title and Tables.

Section was formerly set out as a note under section 1707 of this title.

Section was enacted as part of the Multifamily Housing Finance Improvement Act and also as part of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1994**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 103–233, §307(c)(1), added par. (1) and struck out heading and text of former par. (1). Text read as follows: “The term ‘multifamily housing’ means a property consisting of more than 4 dwelling units.”

Par. (5). Pub. L. 103–233, §307(c)(2), added par. (5).

There is established in the Federal Housing Administration a HOPE for Homeowners Program.

The purpose of the HOPE for Homeowners Program is—

(1) to create an FHA program, participation in which is voluntary on the part of homeowners and existing loan holders to insure refinanced loans for distressed borrowers to support long-term, sustainable homeownership;

(2) to allow homeowners to avoid foreclosure by reducing the principle 1 balance outstanding, and interest rate charged, on their mortgages;

(3) to help stabilize and provide confidence in mortgage markets by bringing transparency to the value of assets based on mortgage assets;

(4) to target mortgage assistance under this section to homeowners for their principal residence;

(5) to enhance the administrative capacity of the FHA to carry out its expanded role under the HOPE for Homeowners Program;

(6) to ensure the HOPE for Homeowners Program remains in effect only for as long as is necessary to provide stability to the housing market; and

(7) to provide servicers of delinquent mortgages with additional methods and approaches to avoid foreclosure.

In order to carry out the purposes of the HOPE for Homeowners Program, the Secretary, after consultation with the Board, shall—

(A) establish requirements and standards for the program consistent with section 1709(b) of this title to the maximum extent possible; and

(B) prescribe such regulations and provide such guidance as may be necessary or appropriate to implement such requirements and standards.

In carrying out any of the program requirements or standards established under paragraph (1), the Secretary may issue such interim guidance and mortgagee letters as the Secretary determines necessary or appropriate.

The Board shall advise the Secretary regarding the establishment and implementation of the HOPE for Homeowners Program.

The Secretary is authorized upon application of a mortgagee to make commitments to insure or to insure any eligible mortgage that has been refinanced in a manner meeting the requirements under subsection (e).

To be eligible for insurance under this section, a refinanced eligible mortgage shall comply with all of the following requirements:

The mortgagor shall provide a certification to the Secretary that the mortgagor has not intentionally defaulted on the existing mortgage or mortgages or any other substantial debt within the last 5 years and has not knowingly, or willfully and with actual knowledge, furnished material information known to be false for the purpose of obtaining the eligible mortgage to be insured and has not been convicted under Federal or State law for fraud during the 10-year period ending upon the insurance of the mortgage under this section.

The mortgagor shall agree in writing that the mortgagor shall be liable to repay to the Secretary any direct financial benefit achieved from the reduction of indebtedness on the existing mortgage or mortgages on the residence refinanced under this section derived from misrepresentations made by the mortgagor in the certifications and documentation required under this paragraph, subject to the discretion of the Secretary.

As of the date of application for a commitment to insure or insurance under this section, the mortgagor shall have had, or thereafter is likely to have, due to the terms of the mortgage being reset, a ratio of mortgage debt to income, taking into consideration all existing mortgages of that mortgagor at such time, greater than 31 percent (or such higher amount as the Secretary determines appropriate).

The principal obligation amount of the refinanced eligible mortgage to be insured shall—

(A) be determined by the reasonable ability of the mortgagor to make his or her mortgage payments, as such ability is determined by the Secretary pursuant to section 1709(b)(4) of this title or by any other underwriting standards established by the Secretary; and

(B) not exceed 90 percent of the appraised value of the property to which such mortgage relates (or such higher percentage as the Secretary determines, in the discretion of the Secretary).

All penalties for prepayment or refinancing of the eligible mortgage, and all fees and penalties related to default or delinquency on the eligible mortgage, shall be waived or forgiven.

All holders of outstanding mortgage liens on the property to which the eligible mortgage relates shall agree to accept the proceeds of the insured loan and any payments made under this paragraph, as payment in full of all indebtedness under the eligible mortgage, and all encumbrances related to such eligible mortgage shall be removed. The Secretary may take such actions as may be necessary and appropriate to facilitate coordination and agreement between the holders of the existing senior mortgage and any existing subordinate mortgages, taking into consideration the subordinate lien status of such subordinate mortgages. Such actions may include making payments, which shall be accepted as payment in full of all indebtedness under the eligible mortgage, to any holder of an existing subordinate mortgage, in lieu of any future appreciation payments authorized under subparagraph (B).

The Secretary may establish standards and policies that will allow for the payment to the holder of any existing subordinate mortgage of a portion of any future appreciation in the property secured by such eligible mortgage that is owed to the Secretary pursuant to subsection (k).

In establishing the standards and policies required under clause (i), the Secretary shall take into consideration—

(I) the status of any subordinate mortgage;

(II) the outstanding principal balance of and accrued interest on the existing senior mortgage and any outstanding subordinate mortgages;

(III) the extent to which the current appraised value of the property securing a subordinate mortgage is less than the outstanding principal balance and accrued interest on any other liens that are senior to such subordinate mortgage; and

(IV) such other factors as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

This paragraph may not be construed to require any holder of any existing mortgage to participate in the program under this section generally, or with respect to any particular loan.

The refinanced eligible mortgage to be insured shall—

(A) bear interest at a single rate that is fixed for the entire term of the mortgage; and

(B) have a maturity of not less than 30 years from the date of the beginning of amortization of such refinanced eligible mortgage.

The principal obligation amount of the eligible mortgage to be insured shall not exceed 132 percent of the dollar amount limitation in effect for 2007 under section 1454(a)(2) of this title for a property of the applicable size.

A mortgagor may not grant a new second lien on the mortgaged property during the first 5 years of the term of the mortgage insured under this section, except as the Secretary determines to be necessary to ensure the maintenance of property standards.

Any appraisal conducted in connection with a mortgage insured under this section shall—

(A) be based on the current value of the property;

(B) be conducted in accordance with title XI of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 (12 U.S.C. 3331 et seq.);

(C) be completed by an appraiser who meets the competency requirements of the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice;

(D) be wholly consistent with the appraisal standards, practices, and procedures under section 1708(e) 2 of this title that apply to all loans insured under this chapter; and

(E) comply with the requirements of subsection (g) of this section (relating to appraisal independence).

In complying with the FHA underwriting requirements under the HOPE for Homeowners Program under this section, the mortgagee shall document and verify the income of the mortgagor or non-filing status in accordance with procedures and standards that the Secretary shall establish (provided that such procedures and standards are consistent with section 1709(b) of this title to the maximum extent possible) which may include requiring the mortgagee to procure a copy of the income tax returns from the Internal Revenue Service, for the two most recent years for which the filing deadline for such years has passed.

The mortgagor shall not have been convicted under Federal or State law for fraud during the 10-year period ending upon the insurance of the mortgage under this section.

The duty of the mortgagee to ensure that the mortgagor is in compliance with the prohibition under subparagraph (A) shall be satisfied if the mortgagee makes a good faith effort to determine that the mortgagor has not been convicted under Federal or State law for fraud during the period described in subparagraph (A).

The mortgagor shall provide documentation satisfactory in the determination of the Secretary to prove that the residence covered by the mortgage to be insured under this section is occupied by the mortgagor as the primary residence of the mortgagor, and that such residence is the only residence in which the mortgagor has any present ownership interest, except that the Secretary may provide exceptions to such latter requirement (relating to present ownership interest) for any mortgagor who has inherited a property.

The mortgagor shall not have a net worth, as of the date the mortgagor first applies for a mortgage to be insured under the Program under this section, that exceeds $1,000,000.

The Board shall conduct a study of the need for and efficacy of an auction or bulk refinancing mechanism to facilitate refinancing of existing residential mortgages that are at risk for foreclosure into mortgages insured under this section. The study shall identify and examine various options for mechanisms under which lenders and servicers of such mortgages may make bids for forward commitments for such insurance in an expedited manner.

The study required under paragraph (1) shall analyze—

(i) the feasibility of establishing a mechanism that would facilitate the more rapid refinancing of borrowers at risk of foreclosure into performing mortgages insured under this section;

(ii) whether such a mechanism would provide an effective and efficient mechanism to reduce foreclosures on qualified existing mortgages;

(iii) whether the use of an auction or bulk refinance program is necessary to stabilize the housing market and reduce the impact of turmoil in that market on the economy of the United States;

(iv) whether there are other mechanisms or authority that would be useful to reduce foreclosure; and

(v) and any other factors that the Board considers relevant.

To the extent that the Board finds that a facility of the type described in subparagraph (A) is feasible and useful, the study shall—

(i) determine and identify any additional authority or resources needed to establish and operate such a mechanism;

(ii) determine whether there is a need for additional authority with respect to the loan underwriting criteria established in this section or with respect to eligibility of participating borrowers, lenders, or holders of liens;

(iii) determine whether such underwriting criteria should be established on the basis of individual loans, in the aggregate, or otherwise to facilitate the goal of refinancing borrowers at risk of foreclosure into viable loans insured under this section.

Not later than the expiration of the 60-day period beginning on July 30, 2008, the Board shall submit a report regarding the results of the study conducted under this subsection to the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate. The report shall include a detailed description of the analysis required under paragraph (2)(A) and of the determinations made pursuant to paragraph (2)(B), and shall include any other findings and recommendations of the Board pursuant to the study, including identifying various options for mechanisms described in paragraph (1).

No mortgage lender, mortgage broker, mortgage banker, real estate broker, appraisal management company, employee of an appraisal management company, nor any other person with an interest in a real estate transaction involving an appraisal in connection with a mortgage insured under this section shall improperly influence, or attempt to improperly influence, through coercion, extortion, collusion, compensation, instruction, inducement, intimidation, nonpayment for services rendered, or bribery, the development, reporting, result, or review of a real estate appraisal sought in connection with the mortgage.

The Secretary may impose a civil money penalty for any knowing and material violation of paragraph (1) under the same terms and conditions as are authorized in section 1735f–14(a) of this title.

The Secretary shall, by rule or order, establish standards and policies to require the underwriter of the insured loan to provide such representations and warranties as the Secretary considers necessary or appropriate to enforce compliance with all underwriting and appraisal standards of the HOPE for Homeowners Program.

The Secretary shall not pay insurance benefits to a mortgagee who violates the representations and warranties, as established under paragraph (1), or in any case in which a mortgagor fails to make the first payment on a refinanced eligible mortgage.

The Secretary may establish such other standards or policies as necessary to protect against adverse selection, including requiring loans identified by the Secretary as higher risk loans to demonstrate payment performance for a reasonable period of time prior to being insured under the program.

For each refinanced eligible mortgage insured under this section, the Secretary shall establish and collect—

(A) at the time of insurance, a single premium payment in an amount not more than 3 percent of the amount of the original insured principal obligation of the refinanced eligible mortgage, which shall be paid from the proceeds of the mortgage being insured under this section, through the reduction of the amount of indebtedness that existed on the eligible mortgage prior to refinancing; and

(B) in addition to the premium required under paragraph (1), an annual premium in an amount not more than 1.5 percent of the amount of the remaining insured principal balance of the mortgage.

In setting the premium under this subsection, the Secretary shall consider—

(A) the financial integrity of the HOPE for Homeowners Program; and

(B) the purposes of the HOPE for Homeowners Program described in subsection (b).

The Secretary shall establish—

(1) a reasonable limitation on origination fees for refinanced eligible mortgages insured under this section; and

(2) procedures to ensure that interest rates on such mortgages shall be commensurate with market rate interest rates on such types of loans.

For each eligible mortgage insured under this section, the Secretary and the mortgagor of such mortgage shall, upon any sale or disposition of the property to which such mortgage relates, or upon the subsequent refinancing of such mortgage, be entitled to the following with respect to any equity created as a direct result of the mortgage being insured under this section:

(A) If such sale or refinancing occurs during the period that begins on the date that such mortgage is insured and ends 1 year after such date of insurance, the Secretary shall be entitled to 100 percent of such equity.

(B) If such sale or refinancing occurs during the period that begins 1 year after such date of insurance and ends 2 years after such date of insurance, the Secretary shall be entitled to 90 percent of such equity and the mortgagor shall be entitled to 10 percent of such equity.

(C) If such sale or refinancing occurs during the period that begins 2 years after such date of insurance and ends 3 years after such date of insurance, the Secretary shall be entitled to 80 percent of such equity and the mortgagor shall be entitled to 20 percent of such equity.

(D) If such sale or refinancing occurs during the period that begins 3 years after such date of insurance and ends 4 years after such date of insurance, the Secretary shall be entitled to 70 percent of such equity and the mortgagor shall be entitled to 30 percent of such equity.

(E) If such sale or refinancing occurs during the period that begins 4 years after such date of insurance and ends 5 years after such date of insurance, the Secretary shall be entitled to 60 percent of such equity and the mortgagor shall be entitled to 40 percent of such equity.

(F) If such sale or refinancing occurs during any period that begins 5 years after such date of insurance, the Secretary shall be entitled to 50 percent of such equity and the mortgagor shall be entitled to 50 percent of such equity.

For each eligible mortgage insured under this section, the Secretary may, upon any sale or disposition of the property to which the mortgage relates, be entitled to up to 50 percent of appreciation, up to the appraised value of the home at the time when the mortgage being refinanced under this section was originally made. The Secretary may share any amounts received under this paragraph with or assign the rights of any amounts due to the Secretary to the holder of the existing senior mortgage on the eligible mortgage, the holder of any existing subordinate mortgage on the eligible mortgage, or both.

There is established in the Federal Housing Administration a revolving fund to be known as the Home Ownership Preservation Entity Fund, which shall be used by the Secretary for carrying out the mortgage insurance obligations under this section.

The HOPE Fund shall be administered and managed by the Secretary, who shall establish reasonable and prudent criteria for the management and operation of any amounts in the HOPE Fund.

The aggregate original principal obligation of all mortgages insured under this section may not exceed $300,000,000,000.

The Secretary shall submit monthly reports to the Congress identifying the progress of the HOPE for Homeowners Program, which shall contain the following information for each month:

(1) The number of new mortgages insured under this section, including the location of the properties subject to such mortgages by census tract.

(2) The aggregate principal obligation of new mortgages insured under this section.

(3) The average amount by which the principle 1 balance outstanding on mortgages insured this section was reduced.

(4) The amount of premiums collected for insurance of mortgages under this section.

(5) The claim and loss rates for mortgages insured under this section.

(6) Any other information that the Secretary considers appropriate.

The Secretary shall carry out outreach efforts to ensure that homeowners, lenders, and the general public are aware of the opportunities for assistance available under this section.

The Secretary shall take such actions as may be necessary to—

(1) contract for the establishment of underwriting criteria, automated underwriting systems, pricing standards, and other factors relating to eligibility for mortgages insured under this section;

(2) contract for independent quality reviews of underwriting, including appraisal reviews and fraud detection, of mortgages insured under this section or pools of such mortgages; and

(3) increase personnel of the Department as necessary to process or monitor the processing of mortgages insured under this section.

The Secretary shall take such actions as may be necessary to ensure that securities based on and backed by a trust or pool composed of mortgages insured under this section are available to be guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association as to the timely payment of principal and interest.

To carry out the purposes of section 1721 of this title, the Government National Mortgage Association may enter into new commitments to issue guarantees of securities based on or backed by mortgages insured under this section, not exceeding $300,000,000,000. The amount of authority provided under the preceding sentence to enter into new commitments to issue guarantees is in addition to any amount of authority to make new commitments to issue guarantees that is provided to the Association under any other provision of law.

The Secretary may not enter into any new commitment to insure any refinanced eligible mortgage, or newly insure any refinanced eligible mortgage pursuant to this section before October 1, 2008 or after September 30, 2011.

For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:

The term “approved financial institution or mortgagee” means a financial institution or mortgagee approved by the Secretary under section 1709 of this title as responsible and able to service mortgages responsibly.

The term “Board” means the Advisory Board for the HOPE for Homeowners Program. The Board shall be composed of the Secretary, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Chairperson of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the Chairperson of the Board of Directors of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or their designees.

The term “eligible mortgage” means a mortgage—

(A) the mortgagor of which—

(i) occupies such property as his or her principal residence; and

(ii) cannot, subject to such standards established by the Secretary, afford his or her mortgage payments; and

(B) originated on or before January 1, 2008.

The term “existing senior mortgage” means, with respect to a mortgage insured under this section, the existing mortgage that has superior priority.

The term “existing subordinate mortgage” means, with respect to a mortgage insured under this section, an existing mortgage that has subordinate priority to the existing senior mortgage.

The term “HOPE for Homeowners Program” means the program established under this section.

The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, except where specifically provided otherwise.

A member of the Board who is an officer or employee of the Federal Government shall serve without additional pay (or benefits in the nature of compensation) for service as a member of the Board.

Members of the Board shall be entitled to receive travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, equivalent to those set forth in subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5.

The Board may prescribe, amend, and repeal such bylaws as may be necessary for carrying out the functions of the Board.

A majority of the Board shall constitute a quorum.

Upon request of the Board, any Federal Government employee may be detailed to the Board without reimbursement, and such detail shall be without interruption or loss of civil service status or privilege.

The Board shall procure the services of experts and consultants as the Board considers appropriate.

This section shall not be construed to require that any approved financial institution or mortgagee participate in any activity authorized under this section, including any activity related to the refinancing of an eligible mortgage.

Except as otherwise provided for in this section or by action of the Secretary, the provisions and requirements of section 1709(b) of this title shall apply with respect to the insurance of any eligible mortgage under this section. The Secretary shall conform documents, forms, and procedures for mortgages insured under this section to those in place for mortgages insured under section 1709(b) of this title to the maximum extent possible consistent with the requirements of this section.

Notwithstanding section 504(b) of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 [2 U.S.C. 661c(b)], the Secretary of the Treasury shall—

(A) subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary of the Treasury deems necessary, issue Federal credit instruments, to be known as “HOPE Bonds”, that are callable at the discretion of the Secretary of the Treasury and do not, in the aggregate, exceed the amount specified in subsection (m);

(B) provide the subsidy amounts necessary for loan guarantees under the HOPE for Homeowners Program, not to exceed the amount specified in subsection (m), in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661 et seq.), except as provided in this paragraph; and

(C) use the proceeds from HOPE Bonds only to pay for the net costs to the Federal Government of the HOPE for Homeowners Program, including administrative costs and payments pursuant to subsection (e)(4)(A).

Funds received pursuant to section 4568(b) of this title shall be used to reimburse the Secretary of the Treasury for amounts borrowed under paragraph (1).

If the net cost to the Federal Government for the HOPE for Homeowners Program exceeds the amount of funds received under paragraph (2), remaining debts of the HOPE for Homeowners Program shall be paid from amounts deposited into the fund established by the Secretary under section 4567(e) of this title, remaining amounts in such fund to be used to reduce the National debt.

Amounts collected under the HOPE for Homeowners Program in accordance with subsections (i) and (k) in excess of the net cost to the Federal Government for such Program shall be used to reduce the National debt.

The Secretary may establish a payment to the—

(1) servicer of the existing senior mortgage or existing subordinate mortgage for every loan insured under the HOPE for Homeowners Program; and

(2) originator of each new loan insured under the HOPE for Homeowners Program.

The Secretary, with the concurrence of the Board, shall, if feasible, establish a structure and organize procedures for an auction to refinance eligible mortgages on a wholesale or bulk basis.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §257, as added Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title IV, §1402(a), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2800; amended Pub. L. 110–343, div. A, title I, §124, Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3791; Pub. L. 111–22, div. A, title II, §202(a), May 20, 2009, 123 Stat. 1640.)

The Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, referred to in subsec. (e)(8)(B), is Pub. L. 101–73, Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 183. Title XI of the Act is classified principally to chapter 34A (§3331 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1989 Amendment note set out under section 1811 of this title and Tables.

Section 1708(e) of this title, referred to in subsec. (e)(8)(D), was redesignated section 1708(f) and then 1708(g) of this title by Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2116(1)(B), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2832, and Pub. L. 111–22, div. A, title II, §203(b)(1), May 20, 2009, 123 Stat. 1643.

The Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (w)(1)(B), is title V of Pub. L. 93–344, as added by Pub. L. 101–508, title XIII, §13201(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–609, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§661 et seq.) of chapter 17A of Title 2, The Congress. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 621 of Title 2 and Tables.

Section 4568(b) of this title, referred to in subsec. (w)(2), was in the original “section 1338(b) of the Federal Housing Enterprises Regulatory Reform Act of 1992”, and was translated as meaning section 1338(b) of the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, which is classified to section 4568(b) of this title, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(2), which directed amendment of subsecs. (e), (h)(1), (h)(3), (j), (*l*), (n), (s)(3), and (v) by substituting “Secretary” for “Board” each place such term appeared, was not executed to subsec. (e)(4)(A), (9), or the heading for subsec. (n), to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the amendments by Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(3)(B)(i), (D)(ii), (7). See 2010 Amendment notes below.

Another section 257 of act June 27, 1934, was renumbered section 258 and is classified to section 1715z–24 of this title.

**2009**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(1)(A), (B), substituted “Secretary” for “the Board” in heading and “Secretary, after consultation with the Board,” for “Board” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(1)(C), inserted “consistent with section 1709(b) of this title to the maximum extent possible” before semicolon.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(1)(D), added par. (3).

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(3)(A), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which related to lack of capacity to pay existing mortgage.

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(2), substituted “established by the Secretary” for “established by the Board” in subpar. (A) and “Secretary” for “Board” in two places in subpar. (B).

Subsec. (e)(4)(A). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(3)(B)(i), struck out “, subject to standards established by the Board under subparagraph (B),” after “may take such actions”. See Codification note above.

Subsec. (e)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(3)(B)(ii), substituted “may” for “shall”.

Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(2), substituted “The Secretary” for “The Board”.

Subsec. (e)(4)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(2), substituted “Secretary” for “Board” in introductory provisions and in subcl. (IV).

Subsec. (e)(7). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(3)(C), struck out “; and provided that such new outstanding liens (A) do not reduce the value of the Government's equity in the borrower's home; and (B) when combined with the mortgagor's existing mortgage indebtedness, do not exceed 95 percent of the home's appraised value at the time of the new second lien” after “property standards”.

Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(2), substituted “Secretary” for “Board”.

Subsec. (e)(9). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(3)(D), substituted “in accordance with procedures and standards that the Secretary shall establish (provided that such procedures and standards are consistent with section 1709(b) of this title to the maximum extent possible) which may include requiring the mortgagee to procure” for “by procuring (A) an income tax return transcript of the income tax returns of the mortgagor, or (B)” and struck out “and by any other method, in accordance with procedures and standards that the Board shall establish” before period at end. See Codification note above.

Subsec. (e)(10). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(3)(E), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted subpar. (A) heading, and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (e)(11). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(3)(F), inserted “, except that the Secretary may provide exceptions to such latter requirement (relating to present ownership interest) for any mortgagor who has inherited a property” before period at end.

Subsec. (e)(12). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(3)(G), added par. (12).

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(2), substituted “Secretary” for “Board” in two places.

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(4), substituted “The Secretary shall not pay” for “The Board shall prohibit the Secretary from paying”.

Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(2), substituted “The Secretary” for “The Board”.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(5), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and inserted heading, redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B) of par. (1), respectively, and adjusted margins, substituted “not more than 3 percent” for “equal to 3 percent” in par. (1)(A) and “not more than 1.5 percent” for “equal to 1.5 percent” in par. (1)(B), and added par. (2).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(2), substituted “Secretary” for “Board” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(6)(A), substituted “Exit fee” for “Equity and appreciation” in heading.

Subsec. (k)(1). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(6)(B), substituted “the mortgage being insured under this section” for “such sale or refinancing” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (k)(2). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(6)(C), substituted “may, upon any sale or disposition of the property to which the mortgage relates, be entitled to up to 50 percent of appreciation, up to the appraised value of the home at the time when the mortgage being refinanced under this section was originally made. The Secretary may share any amounts received under this paragraph with or assign the rights of any amounts due to the Secretary to the holder of the existing senior mortgage on the eligible mortgage, the holder of any existing subordinate mortgage on the eligible mortgage, or both.” for “and the mortgagor of such mortgage shall, upon any sale or disposition of the property to which such mortgage relates, each be entitled to 50 percent of any appreciation in value of the appraised value of such property that has occurred since the date that such mortgage was insured under this section.”

Subsec. (*l*)(1). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(2), substituted “Secretary” for “Board”.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(2), (7), substituted “Secretary” for “the Board” in heading and “Secretary” for “Board” in introductory provisions and in par. (6). See Codification note above.

Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(8), substituted “The” for “Under the direction of the Board, the” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (s)(2). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(9)(A), substituted “Advisory Board for” for “Board of Directors of”.

Subsec. (s)(3)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(9)(B), substituted “such” for “subsection (e)(1)(B) and such other”.

Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(2), substituted “Secretary” for “Board”.

Subsec. (v). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(2), (10), substituted “action of the Secretary” for “action of the Board” and inserted at end “The Secretary shall conform documents, forms, and procedures for mortgages insured under this section to those in place for mortgages insured under section 1709(b) of this title to the maximum extent possible consistent with the requirements of this section.”

Subsecs. (x), (y). Pub. L. 111–22, §202(a)(11), added subsecs. (x) and (y).

**2008**—Subsec. (e)(1)(B). Pub. L. 110–343, §124(1)(A), inserted “, or thereafter is likely to have, due to the terms of the mortgage being reset,” before “a ratio”.

Subsec. (e)(2)(B). Pub. L. 110–343, §124(1)(B), inserted “(or such higher percentage as the Board determines, in the discretion of the Board)” before period at end.

Subsec. (e)(4)(A). Pub. L. 110–343, §124(1)(C), inserted “and any payments made under this paragraph,” after “insured loan” and inserted “Such actions may include making payments, which shall be accepted as payment in full of all indebtedness under the eligible mortgage, to any holder of an existing subordinate mortgage, in lieu of any future appreciation payments authorized under subparagraph (B).” at end.

Subsec. (w)(1)(C). Pub. L. 110–343, §124(2), inserted “and payments pursuant to subsection (e)(4)(A)” before period at end.

1 So in original. Probably should be “principal”.

2 See References in Text note below.

The Secretary shall carry out a pilot program to establish, and make available to mortgagees, an automated process for providing alternative credit rating information for mortgagors and prospective mortgagors under mortgages on 1- to 4-family residences to be insured under this subchapter who have insufficient credit histories for determining their creditworthiness. Such alternative credit rating information may include rent, utilities, and insurance payment histories, and such other information as the Secretary considers appropriate.

The Secretary may carry out the pilot program under this section on a limited basis or scope, and may consider limiting the program to first-time homebuyers.

In any fiscal year, the aggregate number of mortgages insured pursuant to the automated process established under this section may not exceed 5 percent of the aggregate number of mortgages for 1- to 4-family residences insured by the Secretary under this subchapter during the preceding fiscal year.

After the expiration of the 5-year period beginning on July 30, 2008, the Secretary may not enter into any new commitment to insure any mortgage, or newly insure any mortgage, pursuant to the automated process established under this section.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §258, formerly §257, as added Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2124(a), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2839; renumbered §258, Pub. L. 111–22, div. A, title II, §202(c), May 20, 2009, 123 Stat. 1643.)

Not later than 120 days after May 20, 2009, and quarterly thereafter, the Comptroller of the Currency and the Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision,1 shall jointly submit a report to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate,2 the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives on the volume of mortgage modifications reported to the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Office of Thrift Supervision, under the mortgage metrics program of each such Office, during the previous quarter, including the following:

(1) A copy of the data collection instrument currently used by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Office of Thrift Supervision to collect data on loan modifications.

(2) The total number of mortgage modifications resulting in each of the following:

(A) Additions of delinquent payments and fees to loan balances.

(B) Interest rate reductions and freezes.

(C) Term extensions.

(D) Reductions of principal.

(E) Deferrals of principal.

(F) Combinations of modifications described in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E).

(3) The total number of mortgage modifications in which the total monthly principal and interest payment resulted in the following:

(A) An increase.

(B) Remained the same.

(C) Decreased less than 10 percent.

(D) Decreased between 10 percent and 20 percent.

(E) Decreased 20 percent or more.

(4) The total number of loans that have been modified and then entered into default, where the loan modification resulted in—

(A) higher monthly payments by the homeowner;

(B) equivalent monthly payments by the homeowner;

(C) lower monthly payments by the homeowner of up to 10 percent;

(D) lower monthly payments by the homeowner of between 10 percent to 20 percent; or

(E) lower monthly payments by the homeowner of more than 20 percent.

Not later than 60 days after May 20, 2009, the Comptroller of the Currency and the Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision,1 shall issue mortgage modification data collection and reporting requirements to institutions covered under the reporting requirement of the mortgage metrics program of the Comptroller or the Director.

The requirements under subparagraph (A) shall provide for the collection of all mortgage modification data needed by the Comptroller of the Currency and the Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision to fulfill the reporting requirements under subsection (a).

The Comptroller of the Currency shall report all requirements established under paragraph (1) to each committee receiving the report required under subsection (a).

(Pub. L. 111–22, div. A, title I, §104, May 20, 2009, 123 Stat. 1636; Pub. L. 111–203, title XIV, §1493, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2206.)

Pub. L. 111–203, title XIV, §§1400(c), 1493, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2136, 2206, provided that this section is amended, effective on the date on which final regulations implementing such amendments take effect, or on the date that is 18 months after the designated transfer date if such regulations have not been issued by that date:

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (2), by substituting “in each State that result” for “resulting”;

(B) in paragraph (3), by inserting “each State for” after “modifications in”; and

(C) in paragraph (4), by inserting “in each State” after “total number of loans”; and

(2) in subsection (b)(1)(A), by inserting at the end the following: “Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the Comptroller of the Currency and the Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision shall update such requirements to reflect amendments made to this section by such Act.”

See Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note below.

Section was enacted as part of the Helping Families Save Their Homes Act of 2009, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the date on which final regulations implementing that amendment take effect, or on the date that is 18 months after the designated transfer date if such regulations have not been issued by that date, see section 1400(c) of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 1601 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

1 So in original. The comma probably should not appear.

2 So in original. The word “and” probably should appear instead of the comma.

The Congress declares that the purposes of this subchapter are to establish secondary market facilities for residential mortgages, to provide that the operations thereof shall be financed by private capital to the maximum extent feasible, and to authorize such facilities to—

(1) provide stability in the secondary market for residential mortgages;

(2) respond appropriately to the private capital market;

(3) provide ongoing assistance to the secondary market for residential mortgages (including activities relating to mortgages on housing for low- and moderate-income families involving a reasonable economic return that may be less than the return earned on other activities) by increasing the liquidity of mortgage investments and improving the distribution of investment capital available for residential mortgage financing;

(4) promote access to mortgage credit throughout the Nation (including central cities, rural areas, and underserved areas) by increasing the liquidity of mortgage investments and improving the distribution of investment capital available for residential mortgage financing; and

(5) manage and liquidate federally owned mortgage portfolios in an orderly manner, with a minimum of adverse effect upon the residential mortgage market and minimum loss to the Federal Government.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, §301, 48 Stat. 1252; May 28, 1935, ch. 150, §30, 49 Stat. 300; Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §§4, 5, 52 Stat. 23; June 3, 1939, ch. 175, §§15, 16, 53 Stat. 808; Mar. 28, 1941, ch. 31, §5, 55 Stat. 62; July 1, 1948, ch. 784, §1, 62 Stat. 1206; Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title II, §§201, 202, 62 Stat. 1275; Aug. 8, 1949, ch. 403, §4, 63 Stat. 576; Oct. 25, 1949, ch. 729, §7, 63 Stat. 906; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §§116, 122, 64 Stat. 57, 59; Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title II, §205, title VI, §608(b), 65 Stat. 303, 315; Apr. 9, 1952, ch. 173, 66 Stat. 51; July 14, 1952, ch. 723, §§3(a), 10(a)(2), 66 Stat. 602, 603; June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §§12, 13(a), 67 Stat. 125; June 29, 1954, ch. 410, §1(1), 68 Stat. 320; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title II, §201, 68 Stat. 612; Pub. L. 90–448, title VIII, §802(b), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 536; Pub. L. 101–73, title VII, §731(m)(1), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 435; Pub. L. 102–550, title XIII, §1381(a), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3994.)

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(a)(1), substituted “residential” for “home” in introductory provisions.

Par. (1). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(a)(1), substituted “residential” for “home”.

Par. (3). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(a)(1), (2), substituted “residential” for “home” in two places, substituted “(including activities relating to mortgages on housing for low- and moderate-income families involving a reasonable economic return that may be less than the return earned on other activities)” for “(including mortgages securing housing for low- and moderate-income families involving a reasonable economic return)”, and struck out “and” at end.

Par. (4). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(a)(3), (4), added par. (4) and redesignated former par. (4) as (5).

Par. (5). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(a)(1), (3), redesignated par. (4) as (5) and substituted “residential” for “home”.

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–73 added pars. (1) to (3), struck out subsecs. (a) and (b), and redesignated subsec. (c) as par. (4). Prior to amendment, subsecs. (a) and (b) related to supplementary assistance to the secondary market and to provision of special assistance, respectively.

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–448 struck out provisions which established in the Federal Government a secondary market facility for home mortgages in view of section 1716b of this title which created two separate and distinct corporations.

**1954**—Act Aug. 2, 1954, amended section generally, substituting entirely new provisions for provisions now covered by section 1717 of this title and other sections in this subchapter.

Subsec. (a)(1)(G). Act June 29, 1954, substituted in first sentence “August 1, 1954” for “July 1, 1954”.

**1953**—Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Act June 30, 1953, §12, in cl. (2), substituted “principal amount to be paid therefor” for “unpaid principal balance thereof”, and “aggregate principal amount” for “aggregate amount”; and substituted three provisos for former proviso which made such cl. (2) and any terms therein inapplicable to any defense or disaster mortgages as defined in subpar. (G) of par. (1).

Subsec. (a)(1)(G). Act June 30, 1953, §13(a), substituted in first sentence “July 1, 1954” for “July 1, 1953”.

**1952**—Subsec. (a)(1). Act July 14, 1952, §3(a)(1), authorized the FNMA to purchase Government-insured or guaranteed home mortgages other than defense or disaster mortgages if they are insured after Feb. 29, 1952.

Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Act July 14, 1952, §3(a)(2), (3), changed the base date from Apr. 30, 1948 to Feb. 29, 1952, and exempted defense or disaster mortgages from the limitation of this subparagraph.

Subsec. (a)(1)(G). Act July 14, 1952, §3(a)(4), increased the FNMA commitment powers from $252,000,000 to $1,152,000,000 outstanding at any one time if the commitments relate to defense or disaster mortgages.

S.J. Res. Apr. 9, 1952, increased the $200,000,000 authorization to $252,000,000 and struck out Dec. 31, 1951, deadline, (1) with respect to programed defense housing for which applications were received prior to Dec. 28, 1951, and (2) with respect to subchapter VIII military housing if the commitment to insure the mortgage was issued after Dec. 27 and before Dec. 31, 1951.

Subsec. (c)(4). Act July 14, 1952, inserted “Guam,” after “District of Columbia”.

**1951**—Subsec. (a)(1). Act Sept. 1, 1951, §205, inserted reference to subchapter X of this chapter.

Subsec. (a)(1)(G). Act Sept. 1, 1951, §608(b), inserted proviso.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, §122, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (a)(1). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §116(1), (2), inserted “or section 1706c of this title” and first proviso.

Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §116(3), substituted new proviso for former proviso.

Subsec. (a)(1)(F). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §116(4), substituted provision that no loan made to finance the purchase price or construction cost of a dwelling was to be purchased by the Federal National Mortgage Association unless the Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs certifies that such dwelling conforms with minimum construction requirements prescribed by the Administrator for former provision that such certification was to be given by the mortgagee and that minimum construction standards were to be determined by the provisions within the National Housing Act.

Subsec. (a)(1)(G). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §116(5), added par. (1)(G).

**1949**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 8, 1949, inserted reference to subchapter VIII in par. (1), and inserted proviso at end of par. (1)(E).

Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Joint Res. Oct. 25, 1949, struck out proviso and inserted new proviso.

**1948**—Act July 1, 1948, amended section generally to create a Federal National Mortgage Association with power to purchase, service, or sell insured or guaranteed mortgage, provide for the powers and succession of the Association, and to eliminate the former national mortgage association.

Subsec. (a)(1). Act Aug. 10, 1948, §§201, 202, substituted “subchapter II or VI of this chapter” for “section 1709 or 1738 of this title”, inserted “after April 30, 1948”, after “or guaranteed”, and substituted “50” for “25” in cl. (2) of par. (1) (E).

**1941**—Subsec. (a)(2). Act Mar. 28, 1941, substituted “subchapters II and VI” for “subchapter II”.

**1939**—Subsec. (b). Act June 3, 1939, amended last sentence.

Subsec. (c)(4). Act June 3, 1939, inserted “Alaska, Hawaii or Puerto Rico”.

**1938**—Subsec. (a). Act Feb. 3, 1938, amended provisions generally, and among other changes, substituted “60 per centum” in subsec. (a)(3), for “80 per centum”.

Subsec. (d). Act Feb. 3, 1938, substituted “$2,000,000” for “$5,000,000,” and “that at least 25 per centum thereof has been paid in cash,” for “paid in full in cash”, and inserted “or in first mortgages or such other first liens as are described in section 301 (a) hereof, which mortgages or liens shall be taken at such value as the Administrator may determine, not exceeding (except as to mortgages insured under title II of this Act) 60 per centum of the appraised value of the property as of the date of subscription, and that the remainder of the subscription to such capital stock is payable in the same manner and at such time as may be determined by the Administrator: *Provided*, That no association shall issue notes, bonds, debentures, or other such obligations until such time as such subscriptions are paid in full in cash or Government securities at their par value or in mortgages or other liens as hereinbefore set forth”.

**1935**—Subsec. (d). Act May 28, 1935, substituted “$5,000,000” for “$2,000,000”.

For effective date of amendment by title VIII of Pub. L. 90–448, see section 808 of Pub. L. 90–448, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1716b of this title.

Section 7 of Joint Res. Oct. 25, 1949, provided in part: “That the amendment made by this section 7 with respect to mortgages guaranteed under section 501 of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended [this section], shall apply only to such mortgages guaranteed after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 25, 1949].”

Section 312 of title III of act June 27, 1934, as added Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, §201, 68 Stat. 622, provided: “This title III [this subchapter] may be referred to as the ‘Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act’.”

Functions of President under this section delegated to Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, see Ex. Ord. No. 11732, July 30, 1973, 38 F.R. 20429, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

Section 2 of act July 1, 1948, provided that: “Nothing in the amendment made by the first section of this Act [amending sections 1716, 1717 to 1721 of this title] shall limit the authority of the Federal National Mortgage Association to service or sell any mortgage purchased prior to the date of the enactment of this Act [July 1, 1948], or to purchase, service, or sell any mortgage with respect to which a commitment to purchase was made prior to the date of the enactment of this Act [July 1, 1948].”

Section 1716–1, acts Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 642, 65 Stat. 599; June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §14, 67 Stat. 125, related to special authority of the Federal National Mortgage Association to make advance commitments, under certain conditions, with respect to insured cooperative-housing mortgages under section 1715e of this title.

Section 1716a, act Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title VI, §608(a), 65 Stat. 315, required that one of the persons constituting the Board of Directors of the Federal National Mortgage Association be appointed by the Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs from among personnel of the Veterans’ Administration.

The purposes of this title include the partition of the Federal National Mortgage Association as heretofore existing into two separate and distinct corporations, each of which shall have continuity and corporate succession as a separated portion of the previously existing corporation. One of such corporations, to be known as Federal National Mortgage Association, will be a Government-sponsored private corporation, will retain the assets and liabilities of the previously existing corporation accounted for under section 1719 of this title, and will continue to operate the secondary market operations authorized by such section 1719. The other, to be known as Government National Mortgage Association, will remain in the Government, will retain the assets and liabilities of the previously existing corporation accounted for under sections 1720 1 and 1721 of this title, and will continue to operate the special assistance functions and management and liquidating functions authorized by such sections 1720 1 and 1721.

(Pub. L. 90–448, title VIII, §801, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 536.)

This title, referred to in text, means title VIII of Pub. L. 90–448, which enacted this section, amended sections 24, 378, 1431, 1436, 1464, 1716, 1717 to 1723a, 1723c and 1757 of this title, section 709 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, section 846 of former Title 31, Money and Finance, section 1820 [now 3720] of Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits, section 612 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and sections 1452b, 3534 and 3535 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacted provisions set out as notes under this section and section 1721 of this title.

Section 1720 of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §483(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1240.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter or the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act which comprises this subchapter.

Section 808 of title VIII of Pub. L. 90–448 provided that: “The amendments made by this title [enacting this section and amending sections 24, 378, 1431, 1436, 1464, 1716, 1717 to 1723a, 1723c and 1757 of this title, section 709 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, section 846 of former Title 31, Money and Finance, section 1820 [now 3720] of Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits, section 612 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, sections 1452b, 3534 and 3535 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and notes under this section and section 1721 of this title] shall be effective from and after a date, no more than one hundred and twenty days following the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 1, 1968], as established by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Notice of the establishment of such effective date shall be published in the Federal Register at least thirty days prior thereto.”

Section 809 of Pub. L. 90–448 provided that:

“(a) No cause of action by or against the Federal National Mortgage Association existing prior to the effective date established pursuant to section 808 [set out above] shall abate by reason of the enactment of this title. Any such cause of action may thereafter be asserted by or against the appropriate corporate body named in section 302(a)(2) of the National Housing Act [section 1717(a)(2) of this title].

“(b) No suit, action, or other proceeding commenced by or against the Federal National Mortgage Association, or any officer thereof in his official capacity, prior to the effective date established pursuant to section 808 shall abate by reason of the enactment of this title. A court may at any time thereafter during the pendency of any such litigation, on its own motion or that of any party, order that the litigation may be maintained by or against the appropriate corporate body named in section 302(a)(2) of the National Housing Act [section 1717(a)(2) of this title] or the appropriate corresponding officer thereof.”

Section 810 of Pub. L. 90–448, as amended by Pub. L. 91–609, title IX, §901(e), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1807; Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, §806(*l*), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 728; Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:

“(a) On the effective date established pursuant to section 808 of this Act [set out above], each share of outstanding nonvoting common stock, with a par value of $100 per share, of the Federal National Mortgage Association shall be changed into and shall become one share of voting common stock, without par value, of such corporation. For the purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954, Title 26], no gain or loss is recognized by the holders of such stock on such change, and the basis and holding period of such stock in the hands of the stockholders immediately after such change are the same as the basis and holding period of such stock in their hands immediately prior to such change.

“(b), (c). [Repealed. Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, §806(*l*), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 728].

“(d) Those persons who are the officers and employees of the Federal National Mortgage Association immediately prior to the effective date established pursuant to section 808 [set out as a note above] shall become the officers and employees of the Government National Mortgage Association on such date. The Federal National Mortgage Association and the Government National Mortgage Association shall provide by contract for the conditions and methods under which and by which the Federal National Mortgage Association during the transitional period may employ those individuals who are employees of the Government National Mortgage Association on such effective date; and may provide by contract for the operation by either of such corporations of any of the functions of the other. The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall make every reasonable effort to place in other comparable Federal positions any individuals who are career or career-conditional employees of the Government National Mortgage Association on such effective date and who are subsequently during the transitional period neither employed by the Federal National Mortgage Association nor retained by the Government National Mortgage Association.”

1 See References in Text note below.

(1) There is created a body corporate to be known as the “Federal National Mortgage Association”, which shall be in the Department of Housing and Urban Development. The Association shall have succession until dissolved by Act of Congress. It shall maintain its principal office in the District of Columbia and shall be deemed, for purposes of venue in civil actions, to be a resident thereof. Agencies or offices may be established by the Association in such other place or places as it may deem necessary or appropriate in the conduct of its business.

(2) On September 1, 1968, the body corporate described in the foregoing paragraph shall cease to exist in that form and is hereby partitioned into two separate and distinct bodies corporate, each of which shall have continuity and corporate succession as a separated portion of the previously existing body corporate, as follows:

(A) One of such separated portions shall be a body corporate without capital stock to be known as Government National Mortgage Association (hereinafter referred to as the “Association”), which shall be in the Department of Housing and Urban Development and which shall retain the assets and liabilities acquired and incurred under sections 1720 1 and 1721 of this title prior to such date, including any and all liabilities incurred pursuant to subsection (c) of this section. The Association shall have succession until dissolved by Act of Congress. It shall maintain its principal office in the District of Columbia and shall be deemed, for purposes of venue in civil actions, to be a resident thereof. Agencies or offices may be established by the Association in such other place or places as it may deem necessary or appropriate in the conduct of its business.

(B) The other such separated portion shall be a body corporate to be known as Federal National Mortgage Association (hereinafter referred to as the “corporation”), which shall retain the assets and liabilities acquired and incurred under sections 1718 and 1719 of this title prior to such date. The corporation shall have succession until dissolved by Act of Congress. It shall maintain its principal office in the District of Columbia or the metropolitan area thereof and shall be deemed, for purposes of jurisdiction and venue in civil actions, to be a District of Columbia corporation.

(3) The partition transaction effected pursuant to the foregoing paragraph constitutes a reorganization within the meaning of section 368(a)(1)(E) of title 26; and for the purposes of such title 26, no gain or loss is recognized by the previously existing body corporate by reason of the partition, and the basis and holding period of the assets of the corporation immediately following such partition are the same as the basis and holding period of such assets immediately prior to such partition.

(1) For the purposes set forth in section 1716 of this title and subject to the limitations and restrictions of this subchapter, each of the bodies corporate named in subsection (a)(2) of this section is authorized pursuant to commitments or otherwise, to purchase, service, sell, or otherwise deal in any mortgages which are insured under this chapter or title V of the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1471 et seq.], or which are insured or guaranteed under the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 or chapter 37 of title 38; and to purchase, service, sell, or otherwise deal in any loans made or guaranteed under part B of title VI of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 291j–1 et seq.]; and the corporation is authorized to lend on the security of any such mortgages and to purchase, sell, or otherwise deal in any securities guaranteed by the Association under section 1721(g) of this title: *Provided*, That (1) the Association may not purchase any mortgage at a price exceeding 100 per centum of the unpaid principal amount thereof at the time of purchase, with adjustments for interest and any comparable items; (2) the Association may not purchase any mortgage, except a mortgage insured under title V of the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1471 et seq.], if it is offered by, or covers property held by, a State, territorial, or municipal instrumentality; and (3) the Association may not purchase any mortgage under section 1720 1 of this title, except a mortgage insured under section 1715k of this title or subchapter VIII of this chapter or section 1709(k) of this title, or under subchapter IX–A 1 of this chapter with respect to a new community approved under section 1749cc–1 1 of this title, or insured under section 1715e of this title and covering property located in an urban renewal area, or a mortgage covering property located in Alaska, Guam, or Hawaii, if the original principal obligation thereof exceeds or exceeded $55,000 in the case of property upon which is located a dwelling designed principally for a one-family residence; or $60,000 in the case of a two- or three-family residence; or $68,750 in the case of a four-family residence; or, in the case of a property containing more than four dwelling units, $38,000 per dwelling unit (or such higher amount not in excess of $45,000 per dwelling unit as the Secretary may by regulation specify in any geographical area where the Secretary finds that cost levels so require) for that part of the property attributable to dwelling use. Notwithstanding the provisions of clause (3) of the preceding sentence, the Association may purchase a mortgage under section 1720 1 of this title with an original principal obligation which exceeds the otherwise applicable maximum amount per dwelling unit if the mortgage is insured under section 1713(c)(3), 1715e(b)(2), 1715k(d)(3)(B)(iii), 1715*l*(d)(3)(ii), 1715*l*(d)(4)(ii), 1715v(c)(2), 1715y(e)(3), or 1715z–1 of this title. For the purposes of this subchapter, the terms “mortgages” and “home mortgages” shall be inclusive of any mortgages or other loans insured under any of the provisions of this chapter or title V of the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1471 et seq.].

(2) For the purposes set forth in section 1716(a) of this title, the corporation is authorized, pursuant to commitments or otherwise, to purchase, service, sell, lend on the security of, or otherwise deal in mortgages which are not insured or guaranteed as provided in paragraph (1) (such mortgages referred to hereinafter as “conventional mortgages”). No such purchase of a conventional mortgage secured by a property comprising one- to four-family dwelling units shall be made if the outstanding principal balance of the mortgage at the time of purchase exceeds 80 per centum of the value of the property securing the mortgage, unless (A) the seller retains a participation of not less than 10 per centum in the mortgage; (B) for such period and under such circumstances as the corporation may require, the seller agrees to repurchase or replace the mortgage upon demand of the corporation in the event that the mortgage is in default; or (C) that portion of the unpaid principal balance of the mortgage which is in excess of such 80 per centum is guaranteed or insured by a qualified insurer as determined by the corporation. The corporation shall not issue a commitment to purchase a conventional mortgage prior to the date the mortgage is originated, if such mortgage is eligible for purchase under the preceding sentence only by reason of compliance with the requirements of clause (A) of such sentence. The corporation may purchase a conventional mortgage which was originated more than one year prior to the purchase date only if the seller is the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Resolution Trust Corporation, the National Credit Union Administration, or any other seller currently engaged in mortgage lending or investing activities. For the purpose of this section, the term “conventional mortgages” shall include a mortgage, lien, or other security interest on the stock or membership certificate issued to a tenant-stockholder or resident-member of a cooperative housing corporation, as defined in section 216 of title 26, and on the proprietary lease, occupancy agreement, or right of tenancy in the dwelling unit of the tenant-stockholder or resident-member in such cooperative housing corporation. The corporation shall establish limitations governing the maximum original principal obligation of conventional mortgages that are purchased by it; in any case in which the corporation purchases a participation interest in such a mortgage, the limitation shall be calculated with respect to the total original principal obligation of the mortgage and not merely with respect to the interest purchased by the corporation. Such limitations shall not exceed $417,000 for a mortgage secured by a single-family residence, $533,850 for a mortgage secured by a 2-family residence, $645,300 for a mortgage secured by a 3-family residence, and $801,950 for a mortgage secured by a 4-family residence, except that such maximum limitations shall be adjusted effective January 1 of each year beginning after the effective date of the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008, subject to the limitations in this paragraph. Each adjustment shall be made by adding to each such amount (as it may have been previously adjusted) a percentage thereof equal to the percentage increase, during the most recent 12-month or 4-quarter period ending before the time of determining such annual adjustment, in the housing price index maintained by the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (pursuant to section 4542 of this title). If the change in such house price index during the most recent 12-month or 4-quarter period ending before the time of determining such annual adjustment is a decrease, then no adjustment shall be made for the next year, and the next adjustment shall take into account prior declines in the house price index, so that any adjustment shall reflect the net change in the house price index since the last adjustment. Declines in the house price index shall be accumulated and then reduce increases until subsequent increases exceed prior declines. The foregoing limitations may be increased by not to exceed 50 per centum with respect to properties located in Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, and the Virgin Islands. Such foregoing limitations shall also be increased, with respect to properties of a particular size located in any area for which 115 percent of the median house price for such size residence exceeds the foregoing limitation for such size residence, to the lesser of 150 percent of such limitation for such size residence or the amount that is equal to 115 percent of the median house price in such area for such size residence.

(3) The corporation is authorized to purchase, service, sell, lend on the security of, and otherwise deal in loans or advances of credit for the purchase and installation of home improvements, including energy conserving improvements or solar energy systems described in the last paragraph of section 1703(a) of this title and residential energy conservation measures as described in section 210(11) of the National Energy Conservation Policy Act [42 U.S.C. 8211(11)] 1 and financed by a public utility in accordance with the requirements of title II of such Act [42 U.S.C. 8211 et seq.]. To be eligible for purchase, any such loan or advance of credit (other than a loan or advance made with respect to energy conserving improvements or solar energy systems or residential energy conservation measures) not insured under subchapter I of this chapter shall be secured by a lien against the property to be improved.

(4) The corporation is authorized to purchase, service, sell, lend on the security of, and otherwise deal in loans or advances of credit secured by mortgages or other liens against manufactured homes.

(5)(A) The corporation is authorized to purchase, service, sell, lend on the security of, and otherwise deal in (i) conventional mortgages that are secured by a subordinate lien against a one- to four-family residence that is the principal residence of the mortgagor; and (ii) conventional mortgages that are secured by a subordinate lien against a property comprising five or more family dwelling units. If the corporation, pursuant to paragraphs (1) through (4), shall have purchased, serviced, sold, or otherwise dealt with any other outstanding mortgage secured by the same residence, the aggregate original amount of such other mortgage and the mortgage authorized to be purchased, serviced, sold, or otherwise dealt with under this paragraph shall not exceed the applicable limitation determined under paragraph (2).

(B) The corporation shall establish limitations governing the maximum original principal obligation of conventional mortgages described in subparagraph (A). In any case in which the corporation purchases a participation interest in such a mortgage, the limitation shall be calculated with respect to the total original principal obligation of such mortgage described in subparagraph (A) and not merely with respect to the interest purchased by the corporation. Such limitations shall not exceed (i) with respect to mortgages described in subparagraph (A)(i), 50 per centum of the single-family residence mortgage limitation determined under paragraph (2); and (ii) with respect to mortgages described in subparagraph (A)(ii), the applicable limitation determined under paragraph (2).

(C) No subordinate mortgage against a one- to four-family residence shall be purchased by the corporation if the total outstanding indebtedness secured by the property as a result of such mortgage exceeds 80 per centum of the value of such property unless (i) that portion of such total outstanding indebtedness that exceeds such 80 per centum is guaranteed or insured by a qualified insurer as determined by the corporation; (ii) the seller retains a participation of not less than 10 per centum in the mortgage; or (iii) for such period and under such circumstances as the corporation may require, the seller agrees to repurchase or replace the mortgage upon demand of the corporation in the event that the mortgage is in default. The corporation shall not issue a commitment to purchase a subordinate mortgage prior to the date the mortgage is originated, if such mortgage is eligible for purchase under the preceding sentence only by reason of compliance with the requirements of clause (ii) of such sentence.

(6) The corporation may not implement any new program (as such term is defined in section 4502 of this title) before obtaining the approval of the Secretary under section 4542 1 of this title.

(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter or of any other law, the Association is authorized under section 1721 of this title to create, accept, execute, and otherwise administer in all respects such trusts, receiverships, conservatorships, liquidating or other agencies, or other fiduciary and representative undertakings and activities, hereinafter in this subsection called “trusts”, as might be appropriate for financing purposes; and in relation thereto the Association may acquire, hold and manage, dispose of, and otherwise deal in any mortgages or other types of obligations in which any department or agency of the United States listed in paragraph (2) of this subsection may have a financial interest. The Association may join in any such undertakings and activities, hereinafter in this subsection called “trusts”; notwithstanding that it is also serving in a fiduciary or representative capacity; and is authorized to guarantee any participations or other instruments, whether evidence of property rights or debt, issued for such financing purposes. Participations or other instruments issued by the Association pursuant to this subsection shall to the same extent as securities which are direct obligations of or obligations guaranteed as to principal or interest by the United States be deemed to be exempt securities within the meaning of laws administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The amounts of any mortgages and their obligations acquired by the Association under section 1721 of this title, pursuant to this subsection, shall not be included in the total amounts set forth in section 1721(c) of this title.

(2) Subject to the limitations provided in paragraph (4) of this subsection, one or more trusts may be established as provided in this subsection by each of the following departments or agencies:

(A) The Farmers Home Administration of the Department of Agriculture, but only with respect to operating loans, direct farm ownership loans, direct housing loans, and direct soil and water loans. Such trusts may not be established with respect to loans for housing for the elderly under sections 502 and 515(a) of the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1472 and 1485(a)], nor with respect to loans for nonfarm recreational development.

(B) The Department of Education, but only with respect to loans made by the Secretary of Education for construction of academic facilities, and loans to help finance student loan programs.

(C) The Department of Housing and Urban Development.

(D) The Department of Veterans Affairs.

(E) The Export-Import Bank.

(F) The Small Business Administration.

The head of each such department or agency, hereinafter in this subsection called the “trustor,” is authorized to set aside a part or all of any obligations held by the trustor and subject them to a trust or trusts and, incident thereto, shall guarantee to the trustee timely payment thereof. The trust instrument may provide for the issuance and sale of beneficial interests or participations, by the trustee, in such obligations or in the right to receive interest and principal collections therefrom; and may provide for the substitution or withdrawal of such obligations, or for the substitution of cash for obligations. The trust or trusts shall be exempt from all taxation. The trust instrument may also contain other appropriate provisions in keeping with the purposes of this subsection. The Association shall be named and shall act as trustee of any such trusts and, for the purposes thereof, the title to such obligations shall be deemed to have passed to the Association in trust. The trust instrument shall provide that custody, control, and administration of the obligations shall remain in the trustor subjecting the obligations to the trust, subject to transfer to the trustee in event of default or probable default, as determined by the trustee, in the payment of principal and interest of the beneficial interests or participations. Collections from obligations subject to the trust shall be dealt with as provided in the instrument creating the trust. The trust instrument shall provide that the trustee will promptly pay to the trustor the full net proceeds of any sale of beneficial interests or participations to the extent they are based upon such obligations or collections. Such proceeds shall be dealt with as otherwise provided by law for sales or repayment of such obligations. The effect of both past and future sales of any issue of beneficial interests or participations shall be the same, to the extent of the principal of such issue, as the direct sale with recourse of the obligations subject to the trust. Any trustor creating a trust or trusts hereunder is authorized to purchase, through the facilities of the trustee, outstanding beneficial interests or participations to the extent of the amount of the trustor's responsibility to the trustee on beneficial interests or participations outstanding, and to pay the trustor's proper share of the costs and expenses incurred by the Association as trustee pursuant to the trust instrument.

(3) When any trustor guarantees to the trustee the timely payment of obligations the trustor subjects to a trust pursuant to this subsection, and it becomes necessary for such trustor to meet his responsibilities under such guaranty, the trustor is authorized to fulfill such guaranty.

(4) Beneficial interests or participations shall not be issued for the account of any trustor in an aggregate principal amount greater than is authorized with respect to such trustor in an appropriation Act. Any such authorization shall remain available only for the fiscal year for which it is granted and for the succeeding fiscal year.

(5) The Association, as trustee, is authorized to issue and sell beneficial interests or participations under this subsection, notwithstanding that there may be an insufficiency in aggregate receipts from obligations subject to the related trust to provide for the payment by the trustee (on a timely basis out of current receipts or otherwise) of all interest or principal on such interests or participations (after provision for all costs and expenses incurred by the trustee, fairly prorated among trustors). There are authorized to be appropriated without fiscal year limitation such sums as may be necessary to enable any trustor to pay the trustee such insufficiency as the trustee may require on account of outstanding beneficial interests or participations authorized to be issued pursuant to paragraph (4) of this subsection. Such trustor shall make timely payments to the trustee from such appropriations, subject to and in accord with the trust instrument. In the event that the insufficiency required by the trustee is on account of principal maturities of outstanding beneficial interests or participations authorized to be issued pursuant to paragraph (4) of this subsection, or pursuant hereto, the trustee is authorized to elect to issue additional beneficial interests or participations for refinancing purposes in lieu of requiring any trustor or trustors to make payments to the trustee from appropriated funds or other sources. Each such issue of beneficial interests or participations shall be in an amount determined by the trustee but not in excess of the aggregate amount which the trustee would otherwise require the trustor or trustors to pay from appropriated funds or other sources, and may be issued without regard to the provisions of paragraph (4) of this subsection. All refinancing issues of beneficial interests or participations shall be deemed to have been issued pursuant to the authority contained in the appropriation Act or Acts under which the beneficial interests or participations were originally issued.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, §302, 48 Stat. 1254; May 28, 1935, ch. 150, §31, 49 Stat. 300; Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §6, 52 Stat. 24; Mar. 28, 1941, ch. 31, §6, 55 Stat. 62; July 1, 1948, ch. 784, §1, 62 Stat. 1208; July 19, 1949, ch. 351, §1, 63 Stat. 446; Oct. 25, 1949, ch. 729, §1(3), 63 Stat. 905; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §117, 64 Stat. 57; July 14, 1952, ch. 723, §3(b), 66 Stat. 602; June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §13(b), 67 Stat. 125; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title II, §201, 68 Stat. 613; Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, title II, §201, 70 Stat. 1096; Pub. L. 85–857, §13(g), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1265; Pub. L. 86–372, title III, §301, Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 669; Pub. L. 87–70, title I, §102(c), title VI, §§602, 603(a), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 158, 176; Pub. L. 88–560, title VII, §§701(a), 702, Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 800, 802; Pub. L. 89–117, title I, §102(d), title II, §201(b)(1), title VIII, §§802(a), 803, 804, title X, §1004(a), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 454, 465, 493, 494, 501; Pub. L. 89–429, §2, May 24, 1966, 80 Stat. 164; Pub. L. 89–751, §7, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1236; Pub. L. 89–754, title IV, §405, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1273; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(2), (3), (j)(1), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17, 18; Pub. L. 90–448, title VIII, §§802(c)–(g), 803, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 536, 537, 542; Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §114, Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 385; Pub. L. 91–296, title II, §202, June 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 350; Pub. L. 91–351, title II, §201(a), title IV, §402, July 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 450, 458; Pub. L. 91–609, title IX, §901(d), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1807; Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, §§806(a)–(f), 807, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 727, 728; Pub. L. 93–541, §2, Dec. 26, 1974, 88 Stat. 1739; Pub. L. 95–128, title IV, §408(a), Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1138; Pub. L. 95–557, title I, §101(c)(3), title III, §318(a), Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2083, 2100; Pub. L. 95–619, title II, §246, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3233; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §317, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1119; Pub. L. 96–294, title V, §534(b), June 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 741; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §§309, 313(a), 339(a)(1), (b)(1), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1641, 1644, 1657; Pub. L. 97–110, title II, §202(c), Dec. 26, 1981, 95 Stat. 1514; Pub. L. 98–440, title II, §§201(a), 203(a), 205(a), 206(a), Oct. 3, 1984, 98 Stat. 1692, 1693, 1695; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §§201(b), 204(a)(16), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2227, 2232; Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 100–122, §2(b)(1), Sept. 30, 1987, 101 Stat. 793; Pub. L. 100–154, Nov. 5, 1987, 101 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 100–170, Nov. 17, 1987, 101 Stat. 914; Pub. L. 100–179, Dec. 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 1018; Pub. L. 100–200, Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §443(a), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1922; Pub. L. 100–628, title X, §1068(a), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3276; Pub. L. 101–73, title VII, §731(f)(1), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 433; Pub. L. 102–54, §13(d)(2)(A), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 274; Pub. L. 102–550, title XIII, §1381(b), (c), (s)(1), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3995, 4001; Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §582(a)(14), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2644; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §1124(a)(1), (2), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2691, 2692.)

Section 1720 of this title, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2)(A) and (b)(1), was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §483(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1240.

The Housing Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is act July 15, 1949, ch. 338, 63 Stat. 413, as amended. Title V of the Housing Act of 1949 is classified generally to subchapter III (§1471 et seq.) of chapter 8A of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1441 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is act June 22, 1944, ch. 268, 58 Stat. 284, as amended, which was classified generally to chapter 11C (§§693 to 697g) of former Title 38, Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans’ Relief, and which was repealed by section 14(87) of Pub. L. 85–857, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1273, the first section of which enacted Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits. For distribution of sections 693 to 697g of former Title 38 to Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits, see Table preceding section 101 of Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits.

The Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, 58 Stat. 682, as amended. Part B of title VI of the Public Health Service Act is classified generally to part B (§291j–1 et seq.) of subchapter IV of chapter 6A of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of Title 42 and Tables.

Subchapter IX–A of this chapter and section 1749cc–1 of this title, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), were repealed by Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §133(a), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2027.

The effective date of the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), probably means the date of enactment of div. A of Pub. L. 110–289, which was approved July 30, 2008.

The National Energy Conservation Policy Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), is Pub. L. 95–619, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3208, as amended. Title II of the National Energy Conservation Policy Act is classified principally to subchapter II (§8211 et seq.) of chapter 91 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Section 210 of the Act [42 U.S.C. 8211] was omitted from the Code pursuant to section 8229 of Title 42 which terminated authority under that section on June 30, 1989. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8201 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section 4542 of this title, referred to in subsec. (b)(6), was repealed and a new section 4542 was added by Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §§1122, 1124(d), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2693. The new section 4542 does not relate to obtaining the approval of the Secretary.

**2008**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 110–289 inserted last sentence and substituted seventh through ninth sentences for former seventh and eighth sentences which read as follows: “Such limitations shall not exceed $93,750 for a mortgage secured by a single-family residence, $120,000 for a mortgage secured by a two-family residence, $145,000 for a mortgage secured by a three-family residence, and $180,000 for a mortgage secured by a four-family residence, except that such maximum limitations shall be adjusted effective January 1 of each year beginning with 1981. Each such adjustment shall be made by adding to each such amount (as it may have been previously adjusted) a percentage thereof equal to the percentage increase during the twelve-month period ending with the previous October in the national average one-family house price in the monthly survey of all major lenders conducted by the Federal Housing Finance Board.”

**1998**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 105–276 struck out penultimate sentence which read as follows: “With respect to mortgages secured by property comprising five or more family dwelling units, such limitations shall not exceed 125 per centum of the dollar amounts set forth in section 1713(c)(3) of this title, except that such limitations may be increased by the corporation (taking into account construction costs) to not to exceed 240 per centum of such dollar amounts in any geographical area for which the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development determines under such section that cost levels require any increase in the dollar amount limitations under such section.”

**1992**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(b), (c)(1), in first sentence, struck out “and with the approval of the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development,” before “the corporation” and in last sentence, substituted “Hawaii, and the Virgin Islands” for “and Hawaii”.

Subsec. (b)(3), (4). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(c)(2), (3), struck out “, with the approval of the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development,” after “corporation is authorized”.

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(c)(4), added par. (6).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(s)(1)(A), in first sentence of concluding provisions, substituted “the trustor” for “him” after “obligations held by” and in last sentence, substituted “the trustor's” for “his” in two places.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(s)(1)(B), substituted “the trustor” for “he” after “obligations” and “guaranty,”.

**1991**—Subsec. (c)(2)(D). Pub. L. 102–54 substituted “Department of Veterans Affairs” for “Veterans’ Administration”.

**1989**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 101–73 substituted “Resolution Trust Corporation” for “Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation” and “Federal Housing Finance Board” for “Federal Home Loan Bank Board”.

**1988**—Subsec. (b)(5)(A)(i). Pub. L. 100–242 struck out “through March 15, 1988,” before “conventional mortgages”.

Subsec. (b)(5)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 100–628 struck out “until October 1, 1985,” before “conventional mortgages”.

**1987**—Subsec. (b)(5)(A)(i). Pub. L. 100–200 substituted “March 15, 1988” for “December 16, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–179 substituted “December 16, 1987” for “December 2, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–170 substituted “December 2, 1987” for “November 15, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–154 substituted “November 15, 1987” for “October 31, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–122 substituted “through October 31, 1987” for “until October 1, 1987”.

**1986**—Subsecs. (a)(3), (b)(2). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted “Internal Revenue Code of 1986” for “Internal Revenue Code of 1954”, which for purposes of codification was translated as “title 26” thus requiring no change in text.

**1984**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 98–479, §204(a)(16), substituted “corporation” for “Corporation” in fourth sentence after “The”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 98–440, §§201(a), 205(a), 206(a), in second sentence substituted “No such purchase of a conventional mortgage secured by a property comprising one- to four-family dwelling units” for “No such purchase of a conventional mortgage”, in sixth sentence substituted “The corporation shall establish limitations governing the maximum original principal obligation of conventional mortgages that are purchased by it; in any case in which the corporation purchases a participation interest in such a mortgage, the limitation shall be calculated with respect to the total original principal obligation of the mortgage and not merely with respect to the interest purchased by the corporation” for “The corporation shall establish limitations governing the maximum principal obligation of conventional mortgages purchased by it”, and in penultimate sentence inserted provision that the limitations set forth in section 1713(c)(3) of this title may be increased by the corporation (taking into account construction costs) to not to exceed 240 per centum of such dollar amounts in any geographical area for which the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development determines under such section that cost levels require any increase in the dollar amount limitations under such section.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 98–440, §203(a), added par. (5).

Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 98–479, §201(b), substituted “Department of Education” for “Department of Health, Education, and Welfare” and “Secretary of Education” for “Commissioner of Education”.

**1981**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 97–110 substituted provisions empowering the Corporation to purchase a conventional mortgage which was originated more than one year prior to the purchase date only if the seller is the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation, the National Credit Union Administration, or any other seller currently engaged in mortgage lending or investing activities for provisions which had empowered the Corporation to purchase a conventional mortgage which was originated more than one year prior to the purchase date only if the seller was currently engaged in mortgage lending or investing activities and if, as a result thereof, the cumulative aggregate of the principal balances of all conventional mortgages purchased by the Corporation which were originated more than one year prior to the date of purchase did not exceed 20 per centum of the cumulative aggregate of the principal balances of all conventional mortgages purchased by the Corporation.

**1980**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 96–399, §309, struck out “(1)” before “the mortgage” and cl. (2) relating to requirement respecting assistance under contracts authorized by section 1437f of title 42 for at least 20 per centum of covered units.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 96–399, §313(a), substituted provisions defining term “conventional mortgages”, and limitations respecting amounts, adjustments, etc., for such mortgages, for provisions establishing limitations for the maximum principal obligation of conventional mortgages purchased by the corporation and maximum amount of such limitations.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 96–399, §339(a)(1), substituted provisions relating to authority, with the approval of the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, to deal in loans or advances of credit for the purchase and installation of home improvements, and provisions respecting eligibility for purchases of loans or advances of credit, for provisions relating to authority to deal in loans or advances of credit made for energy conserving improvements and solar energy systems, etc., and provisions respecting eligibility for purchases of loans.

Pub. L. 96–294 inserted provisions relating to loans or advances of credit by public utilities for purpose of financing residential energy conservation measures in a residential building.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 96–399, §339(b)(1), added par. (4).

**1979**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 96–153 substituted “(1) if the mortgage is insured under section 1713(c)(3), 1715e(b)(2), 1715k(d)(3)(B)(iii), 1715*l*(d)(3)(ii), 1715*l*(d)(4)(ii), 1715v(c)(2), 1715y(e)(3), or 1715z–1 of this title, and (2) at least 20 per centum of the units covered by such mortgage are assisted under contracts authorized by section 1437f of title 42” for “if the mortgage (1) is insured under section 1715z–1 of this title or is a below-market interest rate mortgage insured under section 1715*l*(d)(3) of this title, and (2) covers property which has the benefit of local tax abatement in an amount determined by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to be sufficient to make possible rentals not in excess of those that could be approved by the Secretary if the mortgage amount did not exceed the otherwise applicable maximum amount per dwelling unit and if local tax abatement were not provided”.

**1978**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 95–619 added par. (3).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 95–557 substituted “or subchapter VIII of this chapter or section 1709(k) of this title” for “or subchapter VIII of this chapter” and “if the original principal obligation thereof exceeds or exceeded $55,000 in the case of property upon which is located a dwelling designed principally for a one-family residence; or $60,000 in the case of a two- or three-family residence; or $68,750 in the case of a four-family residence; or, in the case of a property containing more than four dwelling units, $38,000 per dwelling unit (or such higher amount not in excess of $45,000 per dwelling unit as the Secretary may by regulation specify in any geographical area where the Secretary finds that cost levels so require) for that part of the property attributable to dwelling use” for “if the original principal obligation thereof exceeds or exceeded $33,000 (or such higher amount not in excess of $38,000 as the Secretary may by regulation specify in any geographical area where he finds that cost levels so require), for each family residence or dwelling unit covered by the mortgage (plus an additional $2,500 for each such family residence or dwelling unit which has four or more bedrooms)”.

**1977**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 95–128 inserted “by more than 25 per centum” after “exceed” in last sentence.

**1974**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 93–383, §806(a)(1), substituted “September 1, 1968” for “the effective date established pursuant to section 808 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968”.

Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 93–383, §806(a)(2), struck out “effective” before “date”.

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 93–383, §806(a)(2), (b), struck out “effective” before “date”, inserted “or metropolitan area thereof” before “and shall” and “jurisdiction” before “venue”, and substituted “District of Columbia corporation” for “resident thereof”.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 93–541 substituted “or guaranteed under part B of title VI of the Public Health Service Act” for “to a public agency under part B of title VI of the Public Health Service Act”.

Pub. L. 93–383, §807, substituted “$33,000 (or such higher amount not in excess of $38,000 as the Secretary may by regulation specify in any geographical area where he finds that cost levels so require)” for “$22,000”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 93–383, §806(c)–(f), substituted “80” for “75” and “exceed 20” for “exceed 10”, struck out “private” before “insurer” in cl. (C), and substituted provisions relating to limitations contained in first proviso of first sentence of section 1464(c) of this title, for provisions relating to limitations applicable to mortgages insured under sections 1709(b) or 1713 of this title.

**1970**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 91–609 added par. (3).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–351, §§201(a), 402, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted “is insured under section 1715z–1 of this title or” before “is a below-market interest rate mortgage insured under section 1715*l*(d)(3) of this title”, and added par. (2).

Pub. L. 91–296 inserted provisions authorizing the purchase, service, sale, or other dealing in loans made to a public agency under part B of title VI of the Public Health Service Act.

**1969**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–152 substituted “$22,000” or “the otherwise applicable maximum amount” for “$17,500” wherever appearing.

**1968**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(c)(1), (2), designated existing provisions as par. (1), and struck out “(hereinafter referred to as the ‘Association’)”.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(c)(3), added par. (2).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(d), substituted “each of the bodies corporate named in subsection (a) (2) of this section is authorized” for “the Association is authorized”, and inserted provisions empowering the corporation to purchase, sell, or otherwise deal in any securities guaranteed by the Association under section 1721(g) of this title.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(e), struck out “, consistent with section 1722 of this title,” before “to guarantee any participations”.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(f), (g), struck out provisions from par. (C) which prohibited the Department of Housing and Urban Development from exercising the authority with respect to secondary market operations of the Federal National Mortgage Association, and in last sentence substituted “incurred by the Association” for “incurred by the Federal National Mortgage Association”.

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 90–448, §803, inserted provisions authorizing the trustee, in the event that the insufficiency required by the trustee is on account of principal maturities of outstanding beneficial interests or participations to be issued pursuant to paragraph (4) of this subsection, or pursuant hereto, to elect to issue additional beneficial interests or participations for refinancing purposes in lieu of requiring any trustor or trustors to make payments to the trustee from appropriated funds or other sources, limiting each such issue of beneficial interests or participations, and directing that all refinancing issues be deemed to have been issued pursuant to the authority contained in the appropriation Act or Acts under which the beneficial interests or participations were originally issued.

**1967**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(j)(1), substituted “in the Department of Housing and Urban Development” for “a constituent agency of the Housing and Home Finance Agency”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(2), (3), substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” and “Secretary” for “Federal Housing Commissioner” and “Commissioner”, respectively.

**1966**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–754 inserted “or under subchapter IX–A of this chapter with respect to a new community approved under section 1749cc–1 of this title”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 89–429 designated existing provisions as par. (1), gave the name “trusts”, for the purpose of the entire subsection, to trusts, receiverships, conservatorships, liquidating or other agencies, or other fiduciary and representative undertakings which the Association is authorized to administer, expanded the types of securities in which the Association is authorized to deal so as to include an expanded array of obligations in which any department or agency of the United States listed in par. (2) of the subsection might have a financial interest, exempted participation certificates or other instruments issued pursuant to this subsection from all regulation by the Securities and Exchange Commission, repealed existing authority for issuance of participations based on below-market interest rate mortgages insured under section 1715*l*(d)(3) of this title, and added pars. (2) to (5).

Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 89–751 substituted “The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, but only with respect to loans made by the Commissioner of Education for construction of academic facilities, and loans to help finance student loan programs” for “The Office of Education of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, but only with respect to loans for construction of academic facilities”.

**1965**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–117, §§201(b)(1), 802(a)(1), 803, 804, and 1004(a), defined “home mortgages”, removed mortgages offered by or covering property held by a federal instrumentality from the list of prohibited purchases, inserted parenthetical material which, in the case of family dwelling units having four or more bedrooms, placed an additional amount of $2,500 to the $17,500 per unit limit on purchasable mortgages, inserted provision excepting below-market mortgages from the $17,500 per unit limit on purchasable mortgages if local tax abatement were granted sufficient to keep rentals at the level where they would be if the mortgage amount did not exceed $17,500 per dwelling unit, and authorized the Association to purchase loans insured under subchapter III of chapter 8A of Title 42 in its secondary market operations.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 89–117, §§102(d), 802(a)(2), (3), authorized appropriations to reimburse the Association for differential amounts resulting when mortgages bearing a below-market interest rate and insured under section 1715*l*(d)(3) of this title after August 10, 1965, are included within one or more of the trusts or other agencies created under this section authorized the Association to deal, in addition to first mortgages, in obligations offered to it by the Housing and Home Finance Agency or its Administrator, or by such Agency's constituent units or agencies or the heads thereof, and inserted “and other obligations” after “mortgages” in last sentence.

**1964**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–560, §702, substituted “any mortgage under section 1720 of this title” for “any mortgage” and deleted proviso reading “*Provided*, That with respect to mortgages purchased under section 1719 of this title the principal obligation shall not exceed $20,000”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 88–560, §701(a), added subsec. (c).

**1961**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 87–70 substituted “authorized, pursuant to commitments or otherwise, to purchase, lend (under section 1719 of this title) on the security of, service, sell, or otherwise deal in any mortgages which are insured” for “authorized to make commitments to purchase and to purchase, service, or sell, any residential or home mortgages (or participations therein) which are insured”, and “section 1715k of this title or subchapter VIII of this chapter for “section 1715k or 1748b of this title”, permitted the purchase of mortgages insured under section 1715e of this title and covering property located in an urban renewal area, and defined term “mortgage”.

**1959**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 86–372 included within cl. (3) mortgages insured under section 1715k of this title, increased the limitation on the original principal obligation from $15,000 to $17,500, and established a limitation of not more than $20,000 with respect to mortgages purchased under section 1719 of this title.

**1958**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 85–857 inserted “, chapter 37 of title 38” after “Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended”.

**1956**—Subsec. (b). Act Aug. 7, 1956, substituted “(2)” for “and (2)”, “if” for “if (i)”; and “(3) the Association may not purchase any mortgage, except a mortgage insured under section 1748b of this title or a mortgage covering property located in Alaska, Guam, or Hawaii, if” for “or (ii)”.

**1954**—Act Aug. 2, 1954, amended section generally to recharter the Association, substituting provisions formerly covered in section 1716 of this title for provisions now covered by sections 1719 to 1721 of this title.

**1953**—Act June 30, 1953, struck out proviso at end of first sentence, which limited purchase of mortgages other than defense or disaster mortgages to $2,750,000,000.

**1952**—Act July 14, 1952, increased purchasing power of the Association from $2,750,000,000 to $3,650,000,000 but limited purchases of mortgages other than defense or disaster mortgages to $2,750,000,000.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “$2,750,000,000” for “$2,500,000,000”.

**1949**—Joint Res. Oct. 25, 1949, substituted “$2,500,000,000” for “$1,500,000,000” in first sentence.

Act July 19, 1949, increased authorization to $1,500,000,000 which would be based on the outstanding amount of mortgage purchases and commitments in place of the former complicated formula.

**1948**—Act July 1, 1948, amended section generally to make it applicable to the Association instead of to the former national mortgage associations, and increased the borrowing capacity from twenty times to forty times the capital and surplus.

**1941**—Act Mar. 28, 1941, inserted “and VI” in cl. (2).

**1938**—Act Feb. 3, 1938, among other changes, substituted “twenty times the amount of its paid-up capital and surplus” for “twelve times the aggregate par value of its outstanding capital stock”, and inserted last sentence and proviso.

**1935**—Act May 28, 1935, substituted “twelve times” for “ten times” in cl. (1).

Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §1124(a)(3), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2692, provided that: “The amendments made by paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection [amending this section] shall take effect upon the expiration of the date described in section 201(a) of the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–185) [122 Stat. 619; probably means Dec. 31, 2008].”

Amendment by title V of Pub. L. 105–276 effective and applicable beginning upon Oct. 1, 1999, except as otherwise provided, with provision that Secretary may implement amendment before such date, except to extent that such amendment provides otherwise, and with savings provision, see section 503 of Pub. L. 105–276, set out as a note under section 1437 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Amendment by section 101(c)(3) of Pub. L. 95–557 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 104 of Pub. L. 95–557, set out as a note under section 1709 of this title.

For effective date of amendment by title VIII of Pub. L. 90–448, see section 808 of Pub. L. 90–448, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1716b of this title.

For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 85–857, see section 2 of Pub. L. 85–857, set out as an Effective Date note preceding Part I of Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits.

For retransfer of functions described in section 2 of Reorg. Plan No. 22 of 1950, set out below, from Housing and Home Finance Administrator to Federal National Mortgage Association, see section 1723d of this title.

Section 339(a)(2), (b)(2) of Pub. L. 96–399 provided that when Federal National Mortgage Association submits its proposal to Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to implement authority granted by amendment of this section, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall, within 75 days, approve such proposal or transmit to Congress a report explaining why such proposal has not been approved.

Pub. L. 92–213, §3, Dec. 22, 1971, 85 Stat. 775, as amended by Pub. L. 92–335, §6, July 1, 1972, 86 Stat. 405; Pub. L. 92–503, §2, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 906; Pub. L. 93–85, §3, Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 221; Pub. L. 93–117, §4, Oct. 2, 1973, 87 Stat. 422, provided that when the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development determined that such action was necessary to avoid excessive discounts on federally insured or guaranteed mortgages, the Government National Mortgage Association could, until Oct. 1, 1974, issue commitments to purchase mortgages with original principal obligations not more than 50 per centum in excess of the limitations imposed by clause (3) of the proviso to the first sentence of section 302(b)(1) of the National Housing Act [subsec. (b)(1) of this section], and it could purchase the mortgages so committed to be purchased.

Section 9 of Pub. L. 89–429 authorized Federal National Mortgage Association during fiscal year 1966 to sell (1) additional participations in Government Mortgage Liquidation Trust, and (2) participations in a trust to be established by Small Business Administration, each without regard to the provisions of subsec. (c)(4) of this section.

Section 6(a) of Pub. L. 89–429 provided that: “Nothing in this Act [enacting section 1717a of this title and section 745 of Title 20, Education, amending this section and sections 1720, 1749, and 1757 of this title, section 1988 of Title 7, Agriculture, and section 743 of Title 20, and enacting material set out as notes under this section] shall be construed to repeal or modify the provisions of section 1820(e) [now 3720(e)] of title 38, United States Code, respecting the authority of the Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs [now Secretary of Veterans Affairs].”

Alaska was admitted into the Union on Jan. 3, 1959, on issuance of Proc. No. 3269, Jan. 3, 1959, 24 F.R. 81, 73 Stat. *c*16, and Hawaii was admitted into the Union on Aug. 21, 1959, on issuance of Proc. No. 3309, Aug. 21, 1959, 24 F.R. 6868, 73 Stat. *c*74. For Alaska Statehood Law, see Pub. L. 85–508, July 7, 1958, 72 Stat. 339, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions. For Hawaii Statehood Law, see Pub. L. 86–3, Mar. 18, 1959, 73 Stat. 4, set out as a note preceding section 491 of Title 48.

Prepared by the President and transmitted to the Senate and the House of Representatives in Congress assembled, May 9, 1950, pursuant to the provisions of the Reorganization Act of 1949, approved June 20, 1949 [see 5 U.S.C. 901 et seq.].

The Federal National Mortgage Association, together with its functions, is hereby transferred from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to the Housing and Home Finance Agency and shall be administered subject to the direction and control of the Housing and Home Finance Administrator.

There are hereby transferred from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to the Housing and Home Finance Administrator—

(1) the notes of the Federal National Mortgage Association payable to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation;

(2) the capital stock of the Federal National Mortgage Association;

(3) the function of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation of making payments on its notes issued to the Secretary of the Treasury in an amount equal to (a) the unpaid principal of, and accrued interest on, the notes of the Federal National Mortgage Association transferred under (1) above, (b) any funds of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation transferred under the provisions of section 5 hereof, (c) the book value of any office furniture and equipment of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation transferred under the provisions of section 5 hereof, and (d) the par value of the capital stock of the Federal National Mortgage Association plus the amount of its surplus paid in by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation;

(4) the function of issuing notes or other obligations to the Secretary of the Treasury, which may be purchased by the Secretary, under section 7 of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation Act, as amended [15 U.S.C. 606], in an amount not in excess of that necessary to finance at any one time the outstanding balances of the investments, loans, and purchases held by the Federal National Mortgage Association, taking into consideration other balance-sheet items;

(5) except as otherwise provided in this reorganization plan, all other functions of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (including functions of the Board of Directors of such Corporation and functions of the Chairman of the Board of Directors of such Corporation) with respect to the Federal National Mortgage Association; and

(6) all functions of the Federal Housing Commissioner with respect to the Federal National Mortgage Association.

Functions with respect to serving, including eligibility to serve, as members of the Board of Directors of the Federal National Mortgage Association and as officers of such Association are hereby transferred from the members of the Board of Directors of, and from the officers and employees of, the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to the officers and employees of the Housing and Home Finance Agency (including those of the constituent agencies of the Housing and Home Finance Agency.)

The Housing and Home Finance Administrator may from time to time make such provisions as he shall deem appropriate authorizing the performance by any other officer, or by any agency or employee, of the Housing and Home Finance Agency of any function transferred to such Administrator by the provisions of this reorganization plan.

There are hereby transferred with the functions transferred by this reorganization plan, respectively, all of the assets, liabilities, contracts, property, records, and unexpended balances of authorizations, allocations and other funds, available or to be made available, of the Federal National Mortgage Association, and so much of the assets, liabilities, contracts, property, records, personnel, and unexpended balances of authorizations, allocations, and other funds, available or to be made available, of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and relating to functions transferred by the provisions of this reorganization plan, as the Director of the Bureau of the Budget shall determine to be necessary for the administration of such functions, excluding, however, (1) the members of the Board of Directors of the Federal National Mortgage Association in office immediately prior to the taking effect of the provisions of this reorganization plan, and (2) the officers of the Association then in office. Such further measures and dispositions as the Director of the Bureau of the Budget shall determine to be necessary in order to effectuate the transfers provided for in this section shall be carried out in such manner as the Director shall direct and by such agencies as he shall designate.

The provisions of this reorganization plan shall take effect 60 days after they would take effect under section 6(a) of the Reorganization Act of 1949 in the absence of this section [Eff. date July 9, 1950, in operation Sept. 7, 1950].

[Housing and Home Finance Agency lapsed and functions were transferred to Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, see section 9(c) of Pub. L. 89–174, Sept. 9, 1965, 79 Stat. 670, set out as a note under 42 U.S.C. 3531.]

1 See References in Text note below.

After June 30, 1966, no department or agency listed in section 1717(c)(2) of this title may sell any obligation held by it except as provided in section 1717(c) of this title, or as approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, except that this prohibition shall not apply to the Government National Mortgage Association.

(Pub. L. 89–429, §6(b), May 24, 1966, 80 Stat. 167; Pub. L. 90–448, title VIII, §807(g), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 545.)

Section was enacted as a part of the Participation Sales Act of 1966, and not as a part of the National Housing Act, which comprises this chapter or the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act which comprises this subchapter.

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–448 substituted “the Government National Mortgage Association” for “secondary market operations carried on by the Federal National Mortgage Association”.

For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 90–448, see section 808 of Pub. L. 90–448, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1716b of this title.

The corporation shall have common stock, without par value, which shall be vested with all voting rights, each share being entitled to one vote with rights of cumulative voting at all elections of directors. The corporation may eliminate such rights of cumulative voting by a resolution adopted by its board of directors and approved by the holders of a majority of the shares of common stock voting in person or by proxy at the annual meeting, or other special meeting, at which such resolution is considered. The corporation may have preferred stock on such terms and conditions as the board of directors shall prescribe. The free transferability of the stock at all times to any person, firm, corporation, or other entity shall not be restricted except that, as to the corporation, it shall be transferable only on the books of the corporation. The corporation may issue shares of common stock in return for appropriate payments into capital or capital and surplus.

(1) The corporation may impose charges or fees, which may be regarded as elements of pricing, with the objective that all costs and expenses of the operations of the corporation should be within its income derived from such operations and that such operations should be fully self-supporting.

(2) All earnings from the operations of the corporation shall annually be transferred to the general surplus account of the corporation. At any time, funds of the general surplus account may, in the discretion of the board of directors, be transferred to reserves.

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the corporation may make such capital distributions (as such term is defined in section 4502 of this title) as may be declared by the board of directors. All capital distributions shall be charged against the general surplus account of the corporation.

(2) The corporation may not make any capital distribution that would decrease the total capital of the corporation (as such term is defined in section 4502 of this title) to an amount less than the risk-based capital level for the corporation established under section 4611 of this title or that would decrease the core capital of the corporation (as such term is defined in section 4502 of this title) to an amount less than the minimum capital level for the corporation established under section 4612 of this title, without prior written approval of the distribution by the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any institution, including a national bank or State member bank of the Federal Reserve System or any member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, trust company, or other banking organization, organized under any law of the United States, including the laws relating to the District of Columbia, shall be authorized to purchase shares of common stock of the corporation and to hold or dispose of such stock, subject to the provisions of this subchapter.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, §303, 48 Stat. 1254; Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §7, 52 Stat. 24; July 1, 1948, ch. 784, §1, 62 Stat. 1206; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title II, §201, 68 Stat. 613; Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, title II, §202, 70 Stat. 1096; Pub. L. 85–10, §1(a), (b), Mar. 27, 1957, 71 Stat. 7; Pub. L. 85–104, title II, §§201, 202, July 12, 1957, 71 Stat. 298; Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §603(b), (c), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 176; Pub. L. 89–117, title X, §1004(b), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 89–566, §2, Sept. 10, 1966, 80 Stat. 738; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(j)(2), (*l*), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 18; Pub. L. 90–448, title VIII, §802 (i)–(n), (s), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 537, 538; Pub. L. 91–609, title IX, §902, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1808; Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, §806(g)–(i), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 727, 728; Pub. L. 97–320, title VII, §707(a), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1540; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §442, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1921; Pub. L. 102–550, title XIII, §1381(d), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3995; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §1161(b)(1), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2779.)

**2008**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 110–289 substituted “Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency” for “Director of the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight of the Department of Housing and Urban Development”.

**1992**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(d)(1), inserted at end “The corporation may issue shares of common stock in return for appropriate payments into capital or capital and surplus.”

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(d)(2), added subsecs. (b) and (c) and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to accumulation of surplus, fees and charges, and transfer of surplus funds to reserves and former subsec. (c) which related to issuance of common stock for capital contributions and payment of dividends.

Subsecs. (d), (f). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(d)(3), (4), redesignated subsec. (f) as (d), struck out “to make payments to the corporation of the nonrefundable capital contributions referred to in subsection (b) of this section, to receive stock of the corporation evidencing such capital contributions,” after “shall be authorized”, and substituted “shares of common stock of the corporation” for “additional shares of such stock,”.

**1988**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–242 inserted after first sentence “The corporation may eliminate such rights of cumulative voting by a resolution adopted by its board of directors and approved by the holders of a majority of the shares of common stock voting in person or by proxy at the annual meeting, or other special meeting, at which such resolution is considered.”

**1982**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–320, §707(a)(1), inserted provision that the corporation may have preferred stock on such terms and conditions as the board of directors shall prescribe.

Pub. L. 97–320, §707(a)(2), struck out “common” before “stock at all times”.

**1974**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–383, §806(g), struck out provisions relating to issuance, par value, retirement, etc., of nonvoting preferred stock.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–383, §806(h), substituted provisions relating to purchases subsequent to Sept. 1, 1968, for provisions relating to purchases subsequent to the effective date established under section 808 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968, and struck out provisions relating to retirement of all outstanding preferred stock.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93–383, §806(i), struck out subsec. (d) authorizing issuance of preferred stock to Secretary of the Treasury.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 93–383, §806(i), struck out subsec. (e) relating to exchange of preferred stock delivered to Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to subsec. (d) of this section.

**1970**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–609 substituted “may accumulate” and “private sources” for “shall accumulate” and “private and other sources”, respectively, struck out “nor less than 1 per centum” after “2 per centum”, and inserted “with the approval of the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” after “as determined from time to time by the corporation”.

**1968**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(i), (s)(1), changed common stock of the Association from nonvoting common stock with a par value of $100 to common stock, without par value, vested with all voting rights and each share entitled to one vote with rights of cumulative voting at all elections of directors, provided that the free transferability of the common stock shall not be restricted except that, as to the corporation, it shall be transferable only on the books of the corporation, struck out provisions which permitted retirement of the preferred stock only out of funds of the capital surplus and the general surplus accounts of the Association, and which prohibited retirements of common stock if, as a consequence, the amount thereof remaining outstanding would be less than $100,000,000, and substituted provisions requiring retirement of preferred stock to be made as rapidly as possible subsequent to the effective date of section 808 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968, for provisions which required retirement as rapidly as the Association shall deem feasible, and “corporation” for “Association” in six places.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(j), (s)(1), substituted “corporation” for “Association” in six places, and “fees, which may be regarded as elements of pricing, with” for “fees for its services with”, and struck out sentence which stated this subsection shall be subject to the exceptions set forth in section 1722 of this title.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(k), (s)(1), substituted “corporation” for “Association” in five places, and “the aggregate amount of cash dividends paid on account of any share of such stock shall not exceed any rate which may be determined from time to time by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to be a fair rate of return after consideration of the current earnings and capital condition of the corporation” for “the general surplus account of the Association shall not be reduced through the payment of dividends applicable to such common stock which exceed in the aggregate 5 per centum of the par value of the outstanding common stock of the Association”, inserted provisions authorizing the corporation to issue additional shares in return for appropriate payments into capital or capital and surplus, directing the corporation to require each services of its mortgages to own a minimum amount of common stock of the corporation, and prescribing the minimum amount, and struck out provisions which related to issuance of common stock only in denominations of $100 or multiples thereof.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(*l*), (s), substituted “corporation” for “Association” in six places, and “corporation's” for “Association's”, and inserted provisions prohibiting issuance of preferred stock subsequent to the effective date established pursuant to section 808 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(s), substituted “corporation” for “Association” in four places, and “corporation's” for “Association's”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(m), (s)(1), substituted “corporation” for “Association” in two places and inserted provisions authorizing purchase of additional shares of stock of the corporation.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(n), repealed subsec. (g) which directed Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to transmit recommendations for eventual transfer of operations to private shareholders.

**1967**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(j)(2), substituted “Secretary of the Treasury's” for “Secretary's” in last sentence.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(*l*), substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” for “Housing and Home Finance Administrator”.

**1966**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 89–566, §2(a), raised from $115,000,000 to $225,000,000 the amount of the par value of the preferred stock of the Association which the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed to accept in addition to the original $21,000,000.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 89–566, §2(b), substituted “$225,000,000” for “$115,000,000” in second sentence.

**1965**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–117 inserted “other” sources to private sources as the areas from which the Association shall accumulate funds for its capital surplus account.

**1961**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 87–70, §603(b), directed the Association to require each borrower to make payments, equal to not more than one-half of one per centum of the amount lent to the borrower under section 1719 of this title.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 87–70, §603(c), required issuance of stock to borrowers and inserted “(adjusted by reason of any payments into surplus required by the Association)”.

**1957**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 85–104, §201, substituted provisions which fixed capital contributions payments at maximum of 2 percent and minimum of 1 percent of unpaid principal amounts of mortgages purchased or to be purchased under section 1719 of this title, for former provisions which provided for capital contributions payments equal to 2 percent of the unpaid principal amounts of mortgages purchased by the Association or equal to such greater or lesser percentage but not less than 1 percent, as the Association might determine.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 85–104, §202(a), substituted “$115,000,000” for “$50,000,000” in second sentence.

Pub. L. 85–10, §1(a), inserted sentence directing Secretary of the Treasury to accept additional $50,000,000 of preferred stock issued by Association.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 85–104, §202(b), substituted “$115,000,000” for “$50,000,000” in second sentence.

Pub. L. 85–10, §1(b), inserted “the first sentence of” before “subsection (d)” in first sentence, and inserted sentence providing that Association stock delivered to Treasury pursuant to second sentence of subsec. (d) of this section be in exchange for Association notes of $50,000,000.

**1956**—Subsec. (b). Act Aug. 7, 1956, substituted provisions which required mortgage sellers to make contributions equal to not more than 2 percent of the unpaid principal amount of mortgages or greater or lesser percentage as the Association may determine, but not less than 1 percent, for former provisions that contributions equal 3 percent of the unpaid amount of the mortgages or such greater percentage as from time to time the Association may determine.

**1954**—Act Aug. 2, 1954, amended section generally to substitute provisions relating to capitalization (formerly covered in section 1716 of this title) and to general financial arrangements and operations for provisions relating merely to use and investment of moneys not invested in mortgages or in operating facilities (such provisions now being covered by section 1723b of this title), and the maintenance of necessary reserves.

**1948**—Act July 1, 1948, made section applicable to the Association instead of to any of the national mortgage associations.

**1938**—Act Feb. 3, 1938, inserted “or in bonds or other obligations” and inserted “and may purchase in the open market notes, bonds, debentures, or such other obligations issued under section 1717 of this title”.

For effective date of amendment by title VIII of Pub. L. 90–448, see section 808 of Pub. L. 90–448, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1716b of this title.

Section 1006 of Pub. L. 89–754, title X, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1285, provided that the Congress found that the sharp decline in new home construction over the past year threatened to undercut the present high level of prosperity and employment as such declines had in the past; that the substantial reduction which had taken place had its greatest impact on families of modest income who were seeking to achieve the goal of homeownership; that this decline in homebuilding was due primarily to the shortage of mortgage financing on terms which moderate income families could afford; and that national policy objectives in the field of housing and community development were thereby being thwarted. The Congress therefore expressed its intent that the special assistance funds made available to the Federal National Mortgage Association for the financing of new low-cost homes by the Act of September 10, 1966 (Public Law 89–556) [amending sections 1718, 1719, and 1720 of this title], should be released immediately to halt the continuing decline in the construction of new homes for families of moderate incomes.

(1) To carry out the purposes set forth in paragraph (a) 1 of section 1716 of this title, the operations of the corporation under this section shall be confined, so far as practicable, to mortgages which are deemed by the corporation to be of such quality, type, and class as to meet, generally, the purchase standards imposed by private institutional mortgage investors. In the interest of assuring sound operation, the prices to be paid by the corporation for mortgages purchased in its secondary market operations under this section, should be established, from time to time, within the range of market prices for the particular class of mortgages involved, as determined by the corporation. The volume of the corporation's purchases and sales, and the establishment of the purchase prices, sale prices, and charges or fees, in its secondary market operations under this section, should be determined by the corporation from time to time, and such determinations should be consistent with the objectives that such purchases and sales should be effected only at such prices and on such terms as will reasonably prevent excessive use of the corporation's facilities, and that the operations of the corporation under this section should be within its income derived from such operations and that such operations should be fully self-supporting. Nothing in this subchapter shall prohibit the corporation from purchasing, and making commitments to purchase, any mortgage with respect to which the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development has entered into a contract with the corporation to make interest subsidy payments under section 1715z–8 of this title.

(2) The volume of the corporation's lending activities and the establishment of its loan ratios, interest rates, maturities, and charges or fees, in its secondary market operations under this section, should be determined by the corporation from time to time; and such determinations, in conjunction with determinations made under paragraph (1), should be consistent with the objectives that the lending activities should be conducted on such terms as will reasonably prevent excessive use of the corporation's facilities, and that the operations of the corporation under this section should be within its income derived from such operations and that such operations should be fully self-supporting. The corporation shall not be permitted to use its lending authority (A) to advance funds to a mortgage seller on an interim basis, using mortgage loans as collateral, pending the sale of the mortgages in the secondary market; or (B) to originate mortgage loans. Notwithstanding any Federal, State, or other law to the contrary, the corporation is empowered, in connection with any loan under this section, whether before or after any default, to provide by contract with the borrower for the settlement or extinguishment, upon default, of any redemption, equitable, legal, or other right, title, or interest of the borrower in any mortgage or mortgages that constitute the security for the loan; and with respect to any such loan, in the event of default and pursuant otherwise to the terms of the contract, the mortgages that constitute such security shall become the absolute property of the corporation.

For the purposes of this section, the corporation is authorized to issue, upon the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, and have outstanding at any one time obligations having such maturities and bearing such rate or rates of interest as may be determined by the corporation with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, to be redeemable at the option of the corporation before maturity in such manner as may be stipulated in such obligations. The corporation shall insert appropriate language in all of its obligations issued under this subsection clearly indicating that such obligations, together with the interest thereon, are not guaranteed by the United States and do not constitute a debt or obligation of the United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof other than the corporation. The corporation is authorized to purchase in the open market any of its obligations outstanding under this subsection at any time and at any price.

The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized in the Secretary's discretion to purchase any obligations issued pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, as now or hereafter in force, and for such purpose the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to use as a public debt transaction the proceeds of the sale of any securities hereafter issued under chapter 31 of title 31, and the purposes for which securities may be issued under chapter 31 of title 31 are extended to include such purchases. The Secretary of the Treasury shall not at any time purchase any obligations under this subsection if such purchase would increase the aggregate principal amount of the Secretary's then outstanding holdings of such obligations under this subsection to an amount greater than $2,250,000,000. Each purchase of obligations by the Secretary of the Treasury under this subsection shall be upon such terms and conditions as to yield a return at a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration the current average rate on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States as of the last day of the month preceding the making of such purchase. The Secretary of the Treasury may, at any time, sell, upon such terms and conditions and at such price or prices as the Secretary shall determine, any of the obligations acquired by the Secretary under this subsection. All redemptions, purchases, and sales by the Secretary of the Treasury of such obligations under this subsection shall be treated as public debt transactions of the United States.

To provide a greater degree of liquidity to the mortgage investment market and an additional means of financing its operations under this section, the corporation is authorized to set aside any mortgages held by it under this section, and, upon approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, to issue and sell securities based upon the mortgages so set aside. Securities issued under this subsection may be in the form of debt obligations or trust certificates of beneficial interest, or both. Securities issued under this subsection shall have such maturities and bear such rate or rates of interest as may be determined by the corporation with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury. Securities issued by the corporation under this subsection shall, to the same extent as securities which are direct obligations of or obligations guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States, be deemed to be exempt securities within the meaning of laws administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Mortgages set aside pursuant to this subsection shall at all times be adequate to enable the corporation to make timely principal and interest payments on the securities issued and sold pursuant to this subsection. The corporation shall insert appropriate language in all of the securities issued under this subsection clearly indicating that such securities, together with the interest thereon, are not guaranteed by the United States and do not constitute a debt or obligation of the United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof other than the corporation.

For the purposes of this section, the corporation is authorized to issue, upon the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, obligations which are subordinated to any or all other obligations of the corporation, including subsequent obligations. The obligations issued under this subsection shall have such maturities and bear such rate or rates of interest as may be determined by the corporation with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury and may be made redeemable at the option of the corporation before maturity in such manner as may be stipulated in such obligations. Any of such obligations may be made convertible into shares of common stock in such manner, at such price or prices, and at such time or times as may be stipulated therein. Obligations issued by the corporation under this subsection shall, to the same extent as securities which are direct obligations of or obligations guaranteed as to principal or interest by the United States, be deemed to be exempt securities within the meaning of laws administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The corporation shall insert appropriate language in all of its obligations issued under this subsection clearly indicating that such obligations, together with the interest thereon, are not guaranteed by the United States and do not constitute a debt or obligation of the United States or of any agency or instrumentality thereof other than the corporation. The corporation is authorized to purchase in the open market any of its obligations outstanding under this subsection at any time and at any price.

Except for fees paid pursuant to section 1723a(g) of this title and assessments pursuant to section 4516 of this title, no fee or charge may be assessed or collected by the United States (including any executive department, agency, or independent establishment of the United States) on or with regard to the purchase, acquisition, sale, pledge, issuance, guarantee, or redemption of any mortgage, asset, obligation, trust certificate of beneficial interest, or other security by the corporation. No provision of this subsection shall affect the purchase of any obligation by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to subsection (c) of this section.

In addition to the authority under subsection (c) of this section, the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to purchase any obligations and other securities issued by the corporation under any section of this chapter, on such terms and conditions as the Secretary may determine and in such amounts as the Secretary may determine. Nothing in this subsection requires the corporation to issue obligations or securities to the Secretary without mutual agreement between the Secretary and the corporation. Nothing in this subsection permits or authorizes the Secretary, without the agreement of the corporation, to engage in open market purchases of the common securities of the corporation.

In connection with any use of this authority, the Secretary must determine that such actions are necessary to—

(i) provide stability to the financial markets;

(ii) prevent disruptions in the availability of mortgage finance; and

(iii) protect the taxpayer.

To protect the taxpayers, the Secretary of the Treasury shall take into consideration the following in connection with exercising the authority contained in this paragraph:

(i) The need for preferences or priorities regarding payments to the Government.

(ii) Limits on maturity or disposition of obligations or securities to be purchased.

(iii) The corporation's plan for the orderly resumption of private market funding or capital market access.

(iv) The probability of the corporation fulfilling the terms of any such obligation or other security, including repayment.

(v) The need to maintain the corporation's status as a private shareholder-owned company.

(vi) Restrictions on the use of corporation resources, including limitations on the payment of dividends and executive compensation and any such other terms and conditions as appropriate for those purposes.

Upon exercise of this authority, the Secretary shall report to the Committees on the Budget, Financial Services, and Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committees on the Budget, Finance, and Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate as to the necessity for the purchase and the determinations made by the Secretary under subparagraph (B) and with respect to the considerations required under subparagraph (C), and the size, terms, and probability of repayment or fulfillment of other terms of such purchase.

The Secretary of the Treasury may, at any time, exercise any rights received in connection with such purchases.

The Secretary of the Treasury may, at any time, subject to the terms of the security or otherwise upon terms and conditions and at prices determined by the Secretary, sell any obligation or security acquired by the Secretary under this subsection.

The Secretary of the Treasury shall deposit in the General Fund of the Treasury any amounts received by the Secretary from the sale of any obligation acquired by the Secretary under this subsection, where such amounts shall be—

(i) dedicated for the sole purpose of deficit reduction; and

(ii) prohibited from use as an offset for other spending increases or revenue reductions.

The authority of the Secretary of the Treasury to hold, exercise any rights received in connection with, or sell, any obligations or securities purchased is not subject to the provisions of paragraph (4).

For the purpose of the authorities granted in this subsection, the Secretary of the Treasury may use the proceeds of the sale of any securities issued under chapter 31 of Title 31, and the purposes for which securities may be issued under chapter 31 of Title 31 are extended to include such purchases and the exercise of any rights in connection with such purchases. Any funds expended for the purchase of, or modifications to, obligations and securities, or the exercise of any rights received in connection with such purchases under this subsection shall be deemed appropriated at the time of such purchase, modification, or exercise.

The authority under this subsection (g), with the exception of paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection, shall expire December 31, 2009.

The Director shall have the power to approve, disapprove, or modify the executive compensation of the corporation, as defined under Regulation S-K, 17 C.F.R. 229.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, §304, 48 Stat. 1254; July 1, 1948, ch. 784, §1, 62 Stat. 1206; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title II, §201, 68 Stat. 615; Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, title II, §§203, 204, 70 Stat. 1096; Pub. L. 85–10, §1(c), Mar. 27, 1957, 71 Stat. 7; Pub. L. 85–104, title II, §203, July 12, 1957, 71 Stat. 298; Pub. L. 86–372, title III, §§302, 305(a), Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 669, 670; Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §603(d), (e), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 176, 177; Pub. L. 88–560, title VII, §§701(b)(2), 703, 704, Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 800, 802; Pub. L. 89–566, §1, Sept. 10, 1966, 80 Stat. 738; Pub. L. 89–754, title X, §1007, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1285; Pub. L. 90–448, title VIII, §§802(p)–(s), 804(a), 805, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 538, 542, 543; Pub. L. 91–351, title V, §504, July 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 461; Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, §806(j), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 728; Pub. L. 97–320, title VII, §707(b), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1540; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §203(a)(1), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2229; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §441(a), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1921; Pub. L. 101–73, title VII, §731(m)(2), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 436; Pub. L. 102–550, title XIII, §1381(e)–(g), (s)(2), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3996, 4001; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §1117(a), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2683; Pub. L. 111–203, title XIII, §1304(a), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2134.)

Paragraph (a) of section 1716 of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), was repealed by Pub. L. 101–73, title VII, §731(m)(1)(A), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 435. See section 1716(3) of this title.

**2010**—Subsec. (g)(2)(C), (D). Pub. L. 111–203 added subpar. (C) and redesignated former subpar. (C) as (D).

**2008**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 110–289 added subsec. (g).

**1992**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(e)(1), substituted a period for “; but the aggregate amount of obligations of the corporation under this subsection outstanding at any one time shall not exceed fifteen times the sum of its capital, capital surplus, general surplus, reserves, and undistributed earnings unless a greater ratio shall be fixed at any time or from time to time by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. In no event shall any such obligations be issued if, at the time of such proposed issuance, and as a consequence thereof, the resulting aggregate amount of its outstanding obligations under this subsection would exceed the amount of the corporation's ownership pursuant to this section, free from any liens or encumbrances, of cash, mortgages or other security holdings, and obligations of the United States or guaranteed thereby, or obligations, participations, or other instruments which are lawful investments for fiduciary, trust, or public funds.” after “in such obligations”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(s)(2), substituted “the Secretary's” for “his” in two places, “the Secretary” for “he” after “such price or prices as”, and “the Secretary” for “him” after “the obligations acquired by”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(f), inserted at end “The corporation shall insert appropriate language in all of the securities issued under this subsection clearly indicating that such securities, together with the interest thereon, are not guaranteed by the United States and do not constitute a debt or obligation of the United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof other than the corporation.”

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(e)(2), struck out after third sentence “The outstanding total principal amount of such obligations, which are entirely subordinated to the obligations of the corporation issued or to be issued under subsection (b) of this section, shall be deemed to be capital of the corporation for the purpose of determining the aggregate amount of obligations issued under subsection (b) of this section which may be outstanding at any one time.”

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(g), inserted “of this title and assessments pursuant to section 4516 of this title” in first sentence.

**1989**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101–73 inserted after third sentence “The corporation shall not be permitted to use its lending authority (A) to advance funds to a mortgage seller on an interim basis, using mortgage loans as collateral, pending the sale of the mortgages in the secondary market; or (B) to originate mortgage loans.” and struck out first two sentences which read as follows: “In the further interest of assuring sound operation, any loan made by the corporation in its secondary market operations under this section, and any extension or renewal thereof, shall not exceed 90 per centum of the unpaid principal balances of the mortgages securing the loan, and shall bear interest at a rate consistent with general loan policies established from time to time by the corporation's board of directors. Any such loan shall mature in not more than twelve months and the term of any extension or renewal shall not exceed twelve months.”

**1988**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–242 added subsec. (f).

**1984**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–479 substituted “chapter 31 of title 31” for “the Second Liberty Bond Act, as now or hereafter in force” in two places.

**1982**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97–320 struck out provision that the total principal amount of subordinated obligations which could be outstanding at any one time could not exceed two times the sum of (1) the capital of the corporation represented by its outstanding common stock and (2) its surplus and undistributed earnings at such time.

**1974**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 93–383 substituted “section 243 of the National Housing Act”, classified to section 1715z–8 of this title, for “section 502 of the Emergency Home Finance Act of 1970”, which enacted such section 1715z–8. For purposes of amendment of subsec. (a)(1) of this section no change in text was required.

**1970**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 91–351 inserted provision that nothing in this subchapter shall prohibit the corporation from purchasing, and making commitments to purchase, any mortgage with respect to which the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development has entered into a contract with the corporation to make interest subsidy payments pursuant to section 1715z–8 of this title.

**1968**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(p), (s), substituted “corporation” for “Association” in six places, and “corporation's” for “Association's” in two places, and struck out provisions which prohibited the Association from purchasing any mortgage insured or guaranteed prior to Aug. 2, 1954.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(s), substituted “corporation” for “Association” in five places, and “corporation's” for “Association's”, in three places.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(q), (s), substituted “corporation” for “Association” in seven places, and “corporation's” for “Association's”, and inserted provisions permitting the Secretary to establish a greater ratio than fifteen times for the aggregate amount of obligations outstanding.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(r), struck out provisions which prohibited the Secretary of the Treasury from purchasing obligations under this subsection if all of the preferred stock of the Association held by him has been retired.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–448, §804(a), added subsec. (d). A prior subsec. (d) was repealed by Pub. L. 88–560.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 90–448, §805, added subsec. (e).

**1966**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 89–754 struck out requirement that Association's advance commitments to purchase mortgages in its secondary market operations be issued at prices which are sufficient to facilitate home financing, but which are sufficiently below the price then offered by the Association for immediate purchase to prevent excessive sales to the Association pursuant to such commitments.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–566 raised limit on maximum amount of obligations outstanding under the subsection from ten times the sum of capital, capital surplus, general surplus, reserves, and undistributed earnings to fifteen times that sum.

**1964**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 88–560, §703, substituted “90 per centum” for “80 per centum”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–560, §701(b)(2), substituted “or obligations, participations, or other instruments which are lawful investments” for “or obligations which are lawful investments”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 88–560, §704, repealed provisions which prohibited the Association from purchasing participations in its operations under this section.

**1961**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–70, §603(d), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 87–70, §603(e), inserted “or other security holdings” after “mortgages”.

**1959**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–372, §302, substituted “home financing” for “advance planning of home construction” after “sufficient to facilitate”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 86–372, §305(a), substituted “and obligations of the United States or guaranteed thereby, or obligations which are lawful investments for fiduciary, trust, or public funds” for “and bonds or other obligations of, or bonds or other obligations guaranteed as to principal and interest by, the United States”.

**1957**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 85–104 substituted “$2,250,000,000” for “$1,350,000,000”.

Pub. L. 85–10 substituted “$1,350,000,000” for “$500,000,000” plus an amount equal to the total of such reductions in the maximum dollar amount prescribed by section 1721(c) of this title as have theretofore been effected pursuant to that section: *Provided*, That such aggregate principal amount under this subsection shall in no event exceed $1,000,000,000”.

**1956**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §§203, 204(a), substituted in second sentence “within the range of market prices” for “at the market prices”; and inserted sentence that advance commitments to purchase mortgages in secondary market operations shall be issued only at prices which are sufficient to facilitate advance planning of home construction but sufficiently below price then offered by Association for immediate purchase to prevent excessive sales to the Association pursuant to such commitments.

Subsec. (d). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §204(b), struck out provisions prohibiting Association from making advance contracts or commitments to purchase mortgages but allowed Association to issue a purchase contract in an amount not exceeding the amount of the sale of mortgages purchased from the Association, entitling the holder to sell to the Association mortgages in the amount of the contract, upon terms prescribed by the Association.

**1954**—Act Aug. 2, 1954, amended section generally to substitute new provisions (formerly covered in sections 1716 and 1717 of this title) for provisions which related to exemption from taxation. See section 1723a(c) of this title.

**1948**—Act July 1, 1948, amended section generally to provide for exemption from taxation for the Association.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective 1 day after July 21, 2010, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5301 of this title.

For effective date of amendment by title VIII of Pub. L. 90–448, see section 808 of Pub. L. 90–448, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1716b of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

Section, acts June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, §305, 48 Stat. 1254; July 1, 1948, ch. 784, §1, 62 Stat. 1206; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §118, 64 Stat. 57; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title II, §201, 68 Stat. 616; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title I, §103, title IV, §402, 69 Stat. 636, 651; Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, title II, §§205–208, 70 Stat. 1096; Pub. L. 85–10, §2, Mar. 27, 1957, 71 Stat. 8; Pub. L. 85–104, title II, §§204–207, July 12, 1957, 71 Stat. 298; Pub. L. 85–364, §§2, 3(a), 4, Apr. 1, 1958, 72 Stat. 73, 74; Pub. L. 86–372, title III, §§303(a), 304, Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 669; Pub. L. 87–70, title I, §101(c), title VI, §601(a), (b), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 153, 175, 176; Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §109(b), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 777; Pub. L. 89–117, title VIII, §801, Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 493; Pub. L. 89–429, §3(a), May 24, 1966, 80 Stat. 166; Pub. L. 89–566, §3, Sept. 10, 1966, 80 Stat. 738; Pub. L. 89–754, title III, §310(d), title X, §§1005, 1020(c), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1270, 1285, 1296; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(2), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 90–448, title II, §201(g), title VIII, §806, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 503, 544; Pub. L. 91–152, §2, title I, §115, Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 379, 385; Pub. L. 91–351, title IV, §401, July 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 458; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §318(b), Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2101; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §338, Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1657; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §333(a)(1), (2), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 413, related to the special assistance functions of the Government National Mortgage Association.

Section 483(b) of Pub. L. 98–181 provided that: “Any purchase or commitment to purchase any mortgage pursuant to section 305 or 313 of the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act [former sections 1720 and 1723e of this title] made before the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 30, 1983], and the servicing and disposition of any such mortgage, shall continue to be governed by the provisions of such sections as they existed immediately before the effective date of this section [Nov. 30, 1983].”

To carry out the purposes set forth in paragraph (c) 1 of section 1716 of this title, the Association is authorized and directed, as of the close of the cutoff date determined by the Association pursuant to section 1718(d) 1 of this title, to establish separate accountability for all of its assets and liabilities (exclusive of capital, surplus, surplus reserves, and undistributed earnings to be evidenced by preferred stock as provided in section 1718(d) 1 of this title, but inclusive of all rights and obligations under any outstanding contracts), and to maintain such separate accountability for the management and orderly liquidation of such assets and liabilities as provided in this section.

For the purposes of this section and to assure that, to the maximum extent, and as rapidly as possible, private financing will be substituted for Treasury borrowings otherwise required to carry mortgages held under the aforesaid separate accountability, the Association is authorized to issue, upon the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, and have outstanding at any one time obligations having such maturities and bearing such rate or rates of interest as may be determined by the Association with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, to be redeemable at the option of the Association before maturity in such manner as may be stipulated in such obligations; but in no event shall any such obligations be issued if, at the time of such proposed issuance, and as a consequence thereof, the resulting aggregate amount of its outstanding obligations under this subsection would exceed the amount of the Association's ownership under the aforesaid separate accountability, free from any liens or encumbrances, of cash, mortgages, and obligations of the United States or guaranteed thereby, or obligations, participations, or other instruments which are lawful investments for fiduciary, trust or public funds. The proceeds of any private financing effected under this subsection shall be paid to the Secretary of the Treasury in reduction of the indebtedness of the Association to the Secretary of the Treasury under the aforesaid separate accountability. The Association shall insert appropriate language in all of its obligations issued under this subsection clearly indicating that such obligations, together with the interest thereon, are not guaranteed by the United States and do not constitute a debt or obligation of the United States or of any agency or instrumentality thereof other than the Association. The Association is authorized to purchase in the open market any of its obligations outstanding under this subsection at any time and at any price.

No mortgage shall be purchased by the Association in its operations under this section except pursuant to and in accordance with the terms of a contract or commitment to purchase the same made prior to the cutoff date provided for in section 1718(d) 1 of this title, which contract or commitment became a part of the aforesaid separate accountability, and the total amount of mortgages and commitments held by the Association under this section shall not, in any event, exceed $3,350,000,000: *Provided*, That such maximum amount shall be progressively reduced by the amount of cash realizations on account of principal of mortgages held under the aforesaid separate accountability and by cancellation of any commitments to purchase mortgages thereunder, as reflected by the books of the Association, with the objective that the entire aforesaid maximum amount shall be eliminated with the orderly liquidation of all mortgages held under the aforesaid separate accountability: *And provided further*, That nothing in this subsection shall preclude the Association from granting such usual and customary increases in the amounts of outstanding commitments (resulting from increased costs or otherwise) as have theretofore been covered by like increases in commitments granted by the agencies of the Federal Government insuring or guaranteeing the mortgages. There shall be excluded from the total amounts set forth in this subsection the amounts of any mortgages which, subsequent to May 31, 1954, are transferred by law to the Association and held under the aforesaid separate accountability.

The Association may issue to the Secretary of the Treasury its obligations in an amount outstanding at any one time sufficient to enable the Association to carry out its functions under this section, such obligations to mature not more than five years from their respective dates of issue, to be redeemable at the option of the Association before maturity in such manner as may be stipulated in such obligations. Each such obligation shall bear interest at a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration the current average rate on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States as of the last day of the month preceding the issuance of the obligation of the Association. The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to purchase any obligations of the Association to be issued under this section, and for such purpose the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to use as a public debt transaction the proceeds from the sale of any securities issued under chapter 31 of title 31, and the purposes for which securities may be issued under chapter 31 of title 31 are extended to include any purchases of the Association's obligations hereunder.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Association is authorized, under the aforesaid separate accountability, to make commitments to purchase, and to purchase, service, or sell any obligations offered to it by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, or any mortgages covering residential property offered to it by any Federal instrumentality, or the head thereof. These shall be excluded from the total amounts set forth in subsection (c) of this section the amounts of any obligations or mortgages purchased by the Association pursuant to this subsection.

Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this chapter or of any other law, an amount equal to the net decrease for the preceding fiscal year in the aggregate principal amount of all mortgages owned by the Association under this section shall, as of July 1 of each of the years 1961 through 1964, be transferred to and merged with the authority provided under section 1720(a) 2 of this title, and the amount of such authority as specified in section 1720(c) 2 of this title shall be increased by any amounts so transferred.

(1) The Association is authorized, upon such terms and conditions as it may deem appropriate, to guarantee the timely payment of principal of and interest on such trust certificates or other securities as shall (i) be issued by the corporation under section 1719(d) of this title, or by any other issuer approved for the purposes of this subsection by the Association, and (ii) be based on and backed by a trust or pool composed of mortgages which are insured under this chapter, or which are insured or guaranteed under the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, title V of the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1471 et seq.], or chapter 37 of title 38, or which are guaranteed under title XIII of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 300e et seq.]; 3 or guaranteed under section 1715z–13a of this title. The Association shall collect from the issuer a reasonable fee for any guaranty under this subsection and shall make such charges as it may determine to be reasonable for the analysis of any trust or other security arrangement proposed by the issuer. In the event the issuer is unable to make any payment of principal of or interest on any security guaranteed under this subsection, the Association shall make such payment as and when due in cash, and thereupon shall be subrogated fully to the rights satisfied by such payment. In any case in which (I) Federal law requires the reduction of the interest rate on any mortgage backing a security guaranteed under this subsection, (II) the mortgagor under the mortgage is a person in the military service, and (III) the issuer of such security fails to receive from the mortgagor the full amount of interest payment due, the Association may make payments of interest on the security in amounts not exceeding the difference between the amount payable under the interest rate on the mortgage and the amount of interest actually paid by the mortgagor. The Association is hereby empowered, in connection with any guaranty under this subsection, whether before or after any default, to provide by contract with the issuer for the extinguishment, upon default by the issuer, of any redemption, equitable, legal, or other right, title, or interest of the issuer in any mortgage or mortgages constituting the trust or pool against which the guaranteed securities are issued; and with respect to any issue of guaranteed securities, in the event of default and pursuant otherwise to the terms of the contract, the mortgages that constitute such trust or pool shall become the absolute property of the Association subject only to the unsatisfied rights of the holders of the securities based on and backed by such trust or pool. No State or local law, and no Federal law (except Federal law enacted expressly in limitation of this subsection after October 8, 1980), shall preclude or limit the exercise by the Association of (A) its power to contract with the issuer on the terms stated in the preceding sentence, (B) its rights to enforce any such contract with the issuer, or (C) its ownership rights, as provided in the preceding sentence, in the mortgages constituting the trust or pool against which the guaranteed securities are issued. The full faith and credit of the United States is pledged to the payment of all amounts which may be required to be paid under any guaranty under this subsection. There shall be excluded from the total amounts set forth in subsection (c) of this section the amounts of any mortgages acquired by the Association as a result of its operations under this subsection.

(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of law and subject only to the absence of qualified requests for guarantees, to the authority provided in this subsection, and to the extent of or in such amounts as any funding limitation approved in appropriation Acts, the Association shall enter into commitments to issue guarantees under this subsection in an aggregate amount of $110,000,000,000 during fiscal year 1996. There are authorized to be appropriated to cover the costs (as such term is defined in section 661a of title 2) of guarantees issued under this chapter by the Association such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 1996.

(3)(A) No fee or charge in excess of 6 basis points may be assessed or collected by the United States (including any executive department, agency, or independent establishment of the United States) on or with regard to any guaranty of the timely payment of principal or interest on securities or notes based on or backed by mortgages that are secured by 1- to 4-family dwellings and (i) insured by the Federal Housing Administration under subchapter II of this chapter; or (ii) insured or guaranteed under the Serviceman's Readjustment Act of 1944, chapter 37 of title 38, or title V of the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1471 et seq.].

(B) The fees charged for the guaranty of securities or on notes based on or backed by mortgages not referred to in subparagraph (A), as authorized by other provisions of law, shall be set by the Association at a level not more than necessary to create reserves sufficient to meet anticipated claims based upon actuarial analysis, and for no other purpose.

(C) Fees or charges for the issuance of commitments or miscellaneous administrative fees of the Association shall not be on a competitive auction basis and shall remain at the level set for such fees or charges as of September 1, 1985, except that such fees or charges may be increased if reasonably related to the cost of administering the program, and for no other purpose.

(D) Not less than 90 days before increasing any fee or charge under subparagraph (B) or (C), the Secretary shall submit to the Congress a certification that such increase is solely for the purpose specified in such subparagraph.

(E)(i) Notwithstanding subparagraphs (A) through (D), fees charged for the guarantee of, or commitment to guarantee, multiclass securities backed by a trust or pool of securities or notes guaranteed by the Association under this subsection, and other related fees shall be charged by the Association in an amount the Association deems appropriate. The Association shall take such action as may be necessary to reasonably assure that such portion of the benefit, resulting from the Association's multiclass securities program, as the Association determines is appropriate accrues to mortgagors who execute eligible mortgages after August 10, 1993.

(ii) The Association shall provide for the initial implementation of the program for which fees are charged under the first sentence of clause (i) by notice published in the Federal Register. The notice shall be effective upon publication and shall provide an opportunity for public comment. Not later than 12 months after publication of the notice, the Association shall issue regulations for such program based on the notice, comments received, and the experience of the Association in carrying out the program during such period.

(iii) The Association shall consult with persons or entities in such manner as the Association deems appropriate to ensure the efficient commencement and operation of the multiclass securities program.

(iv) No State or local law, and no Federal law (except Federal law enacted expressly in limitation of this clause after August 10, 1993) shall preclude or limit the exercise by the Association of its power to contract with persons or entities, and its rights to enforce such contracts, for the purpose of ensuring the efficient commencement and continued operation of the multiclass securities program.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, §306, 48 Stat. 1255; July 1, 1948, ch. 784, §1, 62 Stat. 1209; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title II, §201, 68 Stat. 618; Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, title II, §209, 70 Stat. 1097; Pub. L. 86–372, title III, §§305(a), 306(a), Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 670; Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §601(c), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 176; Pub. L. 88–560, title VII, §701(b)(2), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 800; Pub. L. 89–117, title VIII, §802(b), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 494; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(k), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 18; Pub. L. 90–448, title VIII, §804(b), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 542; Pub. L. 93–222, §7(c), Dec. 29, 1973, 87 Stat. 936; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §335, Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1654; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §333(a)(3), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 413; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §481, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1239; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §203(a)(2), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2229; Pub. L. 100–14, Mar. 24, 1987, 101 Stat. 128; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §446, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1922; Pub. L. 101–625, title III, §339, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4147; Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §§531, 532, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3793; Pub. L. 103–66, title III, §3004, Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 339; Pub. L. 103–120, §10, Oct. 27, 1993, 107 Stat. 1151; Pub. L. 104–120, §7, Mar. 28, 1996, 110 Stat. 836; Pub. L. 104–330, title VII, §701(k), Oct. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 4050; Pub. L. 105–244, title IX, §972(a), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1837; Pub. L. 107–326, §4, Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2793; Pub. L. 108–199, div. A, title VII, §774, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 40.)

Paragraph (c) of section 1716 of this title, referred to in subsec. (a), was redesignated par. (4) of section 1716 by Pub. L. 101–73, title VII, §731(m)(1)(B), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 435. Par. (4) of section 1716 was redesignated par. (5) by Pub. L. 102–550, title XIII, §1381(a)(3), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3994.

Section 1718(d) of this title, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (c), authorizing the issuance of preferred stock to the Secretary of the Treasury, was repealed by Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, §806(i), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 728.

Section 1720 of this title, referred to in subsec. (f), was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §483(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1240.

The Housing Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (g)(1), (3)(A), is act July 15, 1949, ch. 338, 63 Stat. 413, as amended. Title V of the Housing Act of 1949 is classified generally to subchapter III (§1471 et seq.) of chapter 8A of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1441 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, referred to in subsec. (g)(1), (3)(A), is act June 22, 1944, ch. 268, 58 Stat. 284, as amended, which was classified generally to chapter 11C (§§693 to 697g) of former Title 38, Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans’ Relief, and which was repealed by section 14(87) of Pub. L. 85–857, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1273, the first section of which enacted Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits. For distribution of sections 693 to 697g of former Title 38 to Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits, see Table preceding section 101 of Title 38.

The Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (g)(1), is act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, 58 Stat. 682, as amended. Title XIII of the Public Health Service Act, is title XIII of act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, as added by act Dec. 29, 1973, Pub. L. 93–222, §2, 87 Stat. 914, which is classified generally to subchapter XI (§300e et seq.) of chapter 6A of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of Title 42 and Tables.

**2004**—Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 108–199, in first sentence, struck out “or title V of the Housing Act of 1949” after “mortgages which are insured under this chapter” and inserted “, title V of the Housing Act of 1949,” after “1944”.

**2002**—Subsec. (g)(3)(A). Pub. L. 107–326 repealed Pub. L. 105–244, §972(a). See 1998 Amendment note below.

**1998**—Subsec. (g)(3)(A). Pub. L. 105–244, §972(a), which directed amendment of subpar. (A), effective Oct. 1, 2004, by substituting “The Association shall assess and collect a fee in an amount equal to nine basis points” for “No fee or charge in excess of 6 basis points may be assessed or collected by the United States (including any executive department, agency, or independent establishment of the United States)”, was repealed by Pub. L. 107–326. See 2002 Amendment note above and Effective Date of 1998 Amendment note below.

**1996**—Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 104–330 inserted before period at end of first sentence “; or guaranteed under section 1715z–13a of this title”.

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 104–120 amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law and subject only to the absence of qualified requests for guarantees, to the authority provided in this subsection, and to the extent of or in such amounts as any funding limitation approved in appropriation Acts, the Association shall enter into commitments to issue guarantees under this subsection in an aggregate amount of $107,700,000,000 during fiscal year 1993 and $91,696,000,000 during fiscal year 1994. There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to cover the costs (as such term is defined in section 661a of title 2) of guarantees issued under this chapter by the Association.”

**1993**—Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 103–120 substituted “$107,700,000,000” for “$88,000,000,000”.

Subsec. (g)(3)(E). Pub. L. 103–66 added subpar. (E).

**1992**—Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 102–550, §532, inserted after third sentence “In any case in which (I) Federal law requires the reduction of the interest rate on any mortgage backing a security guaranteed under this subsection, (II) the mortgagor under the mortgage is a person in the military service, and (III) the issuer of such security fails to receive from the mortgagor the full amount of interest payment due, the Association may make payments of interest on the security in amounts not exceeding the difference between the amount payable under the interest rate on the mortgage and the amount of interest actually paid by the mortgagor.”

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 102–550, §531, amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law and subject only to the absence of qualified requests for guarantees, to the authority provided in this subsection, and to the extent of or in such amounts as any funding limitation approved in appropriation Acts, the Association shall enter into commitments to issue guarantees under this subsection in an aggregate amount of $84,982,000,000 during fiscal year 1991 and $88,296,000,000 during fiscal year 1992.”

**1990**—Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 101–625 amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law and subject only to the absence of qualified requests for guarantees, to the authority provided in this subsection, and to any funding limitation approved in appropriation Acts, the Association shall enter into commitments to issue guarantees under this subsection in an aggregate amount of $150,000,000,000 for fiscal year 1988, and $156,000,000,000 for fiscal year 1989.”

**1988**—Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 100–242 amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law and subject only to the absence of qualified requests for guarantees, to the authority provided in this subsection, and to any funding limitation approved in appropriation Acts, the Association shall enter into commitments for each of the fiscal years 1984 and 1985 to issue guarantees under this subsection for each such fiscal year in an aggregate amount of $68,250,000,000.”

**1987**—Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 100–14 added par. (3).

**1984**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–479 substituted “chapter 31 of title 31” for “the Second Liberty Bond Act, as now or hereafter in force” in two places.

**1983**—Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 98–181 substituted “Notwithstanding any other provision of law and subject only to the absence of qualified requests for guarantees, to the authority provided in this subsection, and to any funding limitation approved in appropriation Acts, the Association shall enter into commitments for each of the fiscal years 1984 and 1985 to issue guarantees under this subsection for each such fiscal year in an aggregate amount of $68,250,000,000” for “During fiscal year 1982, the Association may not enter into commitments to issue guarantees under this subsection in an aggregate amount in excess of $69,542,000,000”.

**1981**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 97–35 redesignated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted “(i)” for “(1)” and “(ii)” for “(2)”, and added par. (2).

**1980**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 96–399 inserted provisions relating to Federal, State, or local law, and substituted “The Association is hereby” for “Any Federal, State, or other law to the contrary notwithstanding, the Association is hereby”.

**1973**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 93–222 included mortgages which are guaranteed under title XIII of the Public Health Service Act.

**1968**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 90–448 added subsec. (g).

**1967**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” for “Housing and Home Finance Agency or its Administrator, or by such Agency's constituent units or agencies or the heads thereof”.

**1965**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 89–117 authorized Association to deal in any obligations offered to it by Housing and Home Finance Agency or its Administrator or by such Agency's units or agencies or by heads thereof as well as residential mortgages offered to it by any Federal instrumentality, or head thereof.

**1964**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–560 substituted “or obligations, participations, or other instruments which are lawful investments” for “or obligations which are lawful investments”.

**1961**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 87–70 added subsec. (f).

**1959**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 86–372, §305(a), substituted “and obligations of the United States or guaranteed thereby, or obligations which are lawful investments for fiduciary, trust, or public funds” for “and bonds or other obligations of, or bonds or other obligations guaranteed as to principal and interest by, the United States”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 86–372, §306(a), added subsec. (e).

**1956**—Subsec. (c). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §209(a), struck out “and subsection (e) of this section” after “set forth in this subsection” in last sentence.

Subsec. (e). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §209(b), repealed provisions which related to applicability of prior authorized total amount of investments, etc., to functions under this section and section 1720 of this title.

**1954**—Act Aug. 2, 1954, amended section generally by substituting new provisions and subdividing section into subsecs. (a) to (e).

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

**1948**—Act July 1, 1948, amended section generally to provide for liquidation of Association.

Pub. L. 105–244, title IX, §972(b), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1837, which provided that the amendment made by section 972 was effective Oct. 1, 2004, was repealed by Pub. L. 107–326, §4, Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2793.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–120 to be construed to have become effective Oct. 1, 1995, see section 13(a) of Pub. L. 104–120, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 1996 Amendments note under section 1437d of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

For effective date of amendment by title VIII of Pub. L. 90–448, see section 808 of Pub. L. 90–448, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1716b of this title.

Fiscal year 1988—Pub. L. 100–200, Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1327, provided: “That each provision of law amended by Public Law 100–179 [set out below] is amended by striking ‘December 16, 1987’ each place it appears and inserting ‘March 15, 1988’.”

Pub. L. 100–179, Dec. 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 1018, provided: “That each provision of law amended by Public Law 100–170 [set out below] is amended by striking ‘December 2, 1987’ each place it appears and inserting ‘December 16, 1987’.”

Pub. L. 100–170, Nov. 17, 1987, 100 Stat. 914, provided: “That each provision of law amended by Public Law 100–154 [set out below] is amended by striking ‘November 15, 1987’ and inserting ‘December 2, 1987’.”

Pub. L. 100–154, Nov. 5, 1987, 101 Stat. 890, provided: “That each provision of law amended by Public Law 100–122 [set out below], including those provisions amended by section 2 of such Public Law, is amended by striking out ‘October 31, 1987’ wherever it appears and inserting in lieu thereof ‘November 15, 1987’.”

Pub. L. 100–122, §1, Sept. 30, 1987, 101 Stat. 793, provided that: “Each provision of law amended by Public Law 99–430 [set out below] is amended by striking out ‘September 30, 1987’ wherever it appears and inserting in lieu thereof ‘October 31, 1987’.”

Fiscal year 1987—Pub. L. 99–430, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 986, provided: “That each provision of law amended by Public Law 99–345 [set out below] is amended by striking out ‘September 30, 1986’ wherever it appears and inserting in lieu thereof ‘September 30, 1987’.”

Fiscal year 1986—Pub. L. 99–349, title I, July 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 728, provided that: “The applicable limitation on additional commitments to insure mortgages and loans to carry out the purposes of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] during fiscal year 1986 is increased by an additional $57,580,000,000 of mortgage and loan principal.” and

“The applicable limitation on new commitments to issue guarantees to carry out the purposes of section 306 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1721] during fiscal year 1986 is increased by an additional $49,000,000,000 of principal.”

Pub. L. 99–345, June 24, 1986, 100 Stat. 673, provided that:

“

“

Pub. L. 99–289, May 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 412, provided that:

“(a) The applicable limitation on additional commitments to insure mortgages and loans to carry out the purposes of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] during fiscal year 1986 is increased by an additional $17,000,000,000 of mortgage and loan principal.

“(b) Each provision of law amended by Public Law 99–267 [amending sections 1703, 1715h, 1715*l*, 1715z, 1715z–9, 1715z–10, 1715z–14, 1748h–1, 1748h–2, 1749bb, 1749aaa, 1749bbb, and 2811 of this title and sections 1452b, 1485, 1490, 1490c, 4026, 4056, 4101, and 5302 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and provisions set out as a note under section 1701q of this title] is amended by striking out ‘April 30, 1986’ wherever it appears and inserting in lieu thereof ‘June 6, 1986’.

“The applicable limitation on new commitments to issue guarantees to carry out the purposes of section 306 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1721] during fiscal year 1986 is increased by an additional $60,684,750,000 of principal.

“(a) The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Secretary’) shall estimate the rates at which the authority to make commitments to insure mortgages and loans under the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], and the authority to make commitments to issue guarantees under section 306(g) of that Act [12 U.S.C. 1721(g)], are likely to be used for the remainder of any fiscal year. The Secretary shall make these estimates at such times as the Secretary deems appropriate, but not less frequently than monthly.

“(b) If an estimate under subsection (a) indicates that either limitation on authority to make commitments for a fiscal year referred to in subsection (a) will be reached before the end of that fiscal year, or in any event whenever 75 per centum of either authority to make commitments has been utilized, the Secretary shall promptly so notify the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs [now Committee on Financial Services] of the House of Representatives.”

Pub. L. 98–371, title I, July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1218, directed Secretary to transfer all assets acquired and liabilities incurred pursuant to section 1720 of this title to management and liquidating functions fund established pursuant to this section, and that on Oct. 1, 1984, each outstanding obligation issued by Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to section 1720(d) of this title, together with any promise to repay principal and unpaid interest which had accrued on each obligation, and any other term or condition specified by each such obligation, was canceled.

For transfer of all assets acquired and liabilities incurred pursuant to section 1723e of this title to management and liquidating functions fund established by this section, with provision for cancellation of obligations, see title I [part] of Pub. L. 98–371, set out as a note under section 1723e of this title.

Section 306(b) of Pub. L. 86–372, as amended by Pub. L. 90–19, §16(b), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 25; Pub. L. 90–448, title VIII, §807(a), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 544, provided that: “In connection with the sale of any mortgages to the Government National Mortgage Association pursuant to section 306(e) of the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act [subsection (e) of this section], the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development is authorized, and any other official, unit, or agency selling such mortgages thereunder is directed, to transfer to the Association from time to time, from authorizations, limitations, and funds available for administrative expenses of such official, unit, or agency in connection with the same mortgages, such amounts thereof as said Secretary determines to be required for administrative expenses of the Association in connection with the purchase, servicing, and sale of such mortgages: *Provided*, That no such transfer shall be made after a budget estimate of the Association with respect to the same mortgages has been submitted to and finally acted upon by the Congress.”

1 See References in Text note below.

2 See References in Text note below.

3 So in original. The semicolon probably should be a comma.

All of the benefits and burdens incident to the administration of the functions and operations of the Association under sections 1720 and 1721, respectively, of this title, after allowance for related obligations of the Association, its prorated expenses, and the like, including amounts required for the establishment of such reserves as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall deem appropriate, shall inure solely to the Secretary of the Treasury, and such related earnings or other amounts as become available shall be paid annually by the Association to the Secretary of the Treasury for covering into miscellaneous receipts.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, §307, as added Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title II, §201, 68 Stat. 619; amended Pub. L. 90–448, title VIII, §802(v), (w), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 539.)

Section 1720 of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §483(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1240.

A prior section 307 of act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, 48 Stat. 1255; amended Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §8, 52 Stat. 24, related to exemption from taxation, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by act July 1, 1948, ch. 784, §1, 62 Stat. 1206, and was subsequently covered by section 1719 of this title until the general amendment of this subchapter by act Aug. 2, 1954. See section 1723a(c) of this title.

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–448 repealed subsecs. (a) and (b) which related to separate accountability and to functions of the Association under sections 1720 and 1721 of this title, redesignated subsec. (c) as the entire section, and substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” for “board of directors of the Association”.

For effective date of amendment by title VIII of Pub. L. 90–448, see section 808 of Pub. L. 90–448, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1716b of this title.

All the powers and duties of the Government National Mortgage Association shall be vested in the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and the Association shall be administered under the direction of the Secretary. Within the limitations of law, the Secretary shall determine the general policies which shall govern the operations of the Association, and shall have power to adopt, amend, and repeal bylaws governing the performance of the powers and duties granted to or imposed upon it by law. There is hereby established in the Department of Housing and Urban Development the position of President, Government National Mortgage Association, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Secretary shall select and effect the appointment of qualified persons to fill the offices of vice president, and such other offices as may be provided for in the bylaws. Persons appointed under the preceding sentence shall perform such executive functions, powers, and duties as may be prescribed by the bylaws or by the Secretary, and such persons shall be executive officers of the Association and shall discharge all such executive functions, powers, and duties.

The Federal National Mortgage Association shall have a board of directors, which shall consist of 13 persons, or such other number that the Director determines appropriate, who shall be elected annually by the common stockholders. Except to the extent that action under section 4636a of this title temporarily results in a lesser number, the board shall at all times have as members at least one person from the homebuilding industry, at least one person from the mortgage lending industry, at least one person from the real estate industry, and at least one person from an organization that has represented consumer or community interests for not less than 2 years or one person who has demonstrated a career commitment to the provision of housing for low-income households. Each member of the board of directors shall be elected for a term ending on the date of the next annual meeting of the stockholders. Any seat on the board which becomes vacant after the annual election of the directors shall be filled by the board, but only for the unexpired portion of the term. Within the limitations of law and regulation, the board shall determine the general policies which shall govern the operations of the corporation, and shall have power to adopt, amend, and repeal bylaws governing the performance of the powers and duties granted to or imposed upon it by law. The board of directors shall select and effect the appointment of qualified persons to fill the offices of president and vice president, and such other offices as may be provided for in the bylaws. Any member of the board who is a full-time officer or employee of the Federal Government shall not, as such member, receive compensation for his services.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, §308, as added Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title II, §201, 68 Stat. 620; amended Pub. L. 89–174, §5(b), Sept. 9, 1965, 79 Stat. 669; Pub. L. 89–754, title X, §1020(d), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1296; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(*l*), (m), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 18, 19; Pub. L. 90–448, title VIII, §802(y), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 539; Pub. L. 94–375, §17(a), Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1076; Pub. L. 98–440, title II, §207, Oct. 3, 1984, 98 Stat. 1696; Pub. L. 102–550, title XIII, §1381(h)(1), (i), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3996; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §§1153(b)(2), 1162(a)(1), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2775, 2781.)

A prior section 308 of act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, 48 Stat. 1255, related to depositories of public moneys, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by act July 1, 1948, ch. 784, §1, 62 Stat. 1206.

Prior provisions on the subject of this section were contained in section 1716 of this title.

**2008**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–289, §1162(a)(1), in first sentence, substituted “13 persons, or such other number that the Director determines appropriate, who” for “eighteen persons, five of whom shall be appointed annually by the President of the United States, and the remainder of whom”, in second sentence, struck out “appointed by the President” after “as members”, in third sentence, struck out “appointed or” after “directors shall be” and “, except that any such appointed member may be removed from office by the President for good cause” after “the stockholders”, in fourth sentence, struck out “elective” after “Any”, and struck out fifth sentence which read as follows: “Any appointive seat which becomes vacant shall be filled by appointment of the President, but only for the unexpired portion of the term.”

Pub. L. 110–289, §1153(b)(2), in second sentence, substituted “Except to the extent that action under section 4636a of this title temporarily results in a lesser number, the” for “The”.

**1992**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–550, in second sentence, struck out “and” after “mortgage lending industry,” and inserted “, and at least one person from an organization that has represented consumer or community interests for not less than 2 years or one person who has demonstrated a career commitment to the provision of housing for low-income households” and in third sentence, substituted “any such appointed member” for “any such member”.

**1984**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–440 substituted “, which shall consist of eighteen persons, five of whom” for “which shall consist of fifteen persons, one-third of whom”.

**1976**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–375 substituted provision establishing, in the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the position of president of the Government National Mortgage Association, to be filled by the President, by and with the consent of the Senate, for provision that the Secretary appoint the president of the Association.

**1968**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(y)(1)–(6), designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted provisions directing that the powers and duties of the Government National Mortgage Association shall be vested in the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and that the Association shall be administered under the direction of the Secretary, and empowering the Secretary to adopt, amend, and repeal bylaws, and struck out provisions which related to the Board of Directors of the Federal National Mortgage Association.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(y)(7), added subsec. (b).

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” for “Housing and Home Finance Administrator”, and “the Secretary” for “said Administrator”, wherever appearing.

**1966**—Pub. L. 89–754 struck out subsec. (a) designation.

**1965**—Pub. L. 89–174 struck out next to last sentence which provided that the basic rate of compensation of the position of president of the Association shall be the same as the basic rate of compensation established for the heads of the constituent agencies of the Housing and Home Finance Agency.

Section 1381(h)(2) of Pub. L. 102–550 provided that: “The amendments made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply to the first annual appointment by the President of members to the board of directors of the Federal National Mortgage Association that occurs after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 1992].”

For effective date of amendment by title VIII of Pub. L. 90–448, see section 808 of Pub. L. 90–448, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1716b of this title.

For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 89–174, see section 11(a) of Pub. L. 89–174, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3531 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Pub. L. 110–289, div. A , title I, §1162(a)(2), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2781, provided that: “The amendments made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall not apply to any appointed position of the board of directors of the Federal National Mortgage Association until the expiration of the annual term for such position during which the effective date under section 1163 [set out as an Effective Date of 2008 Amendment note under section 3132 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees] occurs.”

Section 17(e) of Pub. L. 94–375 provided that notwithstanding the amendment of subsec. (a) of this section, rights, powers, and duties of position of President, Government National Mortgage Association, as in effect on Aug. 2, 1976, remain in effect until the newly established position has been filled in accordance with the terms of this Act.

Each of the bodies corporate named in section 1717(a)(2) of this title shall have power to adopt, alter, and use a corporate seal, which shall be judicially noticed; to enter into and perform contracts, leases, cooperative agreements, or other transactions, on such terms as it may deem appropriate, with any agency or instrumentality of the United States, or with any State, Territory, or possession, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or with any political subdivision thereof, or with any person, firm, association, or corporation; to execute, in accordance with its bylaws, all instruments necessary or appropriate in the exercise of any of its powers; in its corporate name, to sue and to be sued, and to complain and to defend, in any court of competent jurisdiction, State or Federal, but no attachment, injunction, or other similar process, mesne or final, shall be issued against the property of the Association or against the Association with respect to its property; to conduct its business without regard to any qualification or similar statute in any State of the United States, including the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the Territories and possessions of the United States; to lease, purchase, or acquire any property, real, personal, or mixed, or any interest therein, to hold, rent, maintain, modernize, renovate, improve, use, and operate such property, and to sell, for cash or credit, lease, or otherwise dispose of the same, at such time and in such manner as and to the extent that it may deem necessary or appropriate; to prescribe, repeal, and amend or modify, rules, regulations, or requirements governing the manner in which its general business may be conducted; to accept gifts or donations of services, or of property, real, personal, or mixed, tangible, or intangible, in aid of any of its purposes; and to do all things as are necessary or incidental to the proper management of its affairs and the proper conduct of its business.

Except as may be otherwise provided in this subchapter, in chapter 91 of title 31, or in other laws specifically applicable to Government corporations, the Association shall determine the necessity for and the character and amount of its obligations and expenditures and the manner in which they shall be incurred, allowed, paid, and accounted for.

(1) The Association, including its franchise, capital, reserves, surplus, mortgages or other security holdings, and income shall be exempt from all taxation now or hereafter imposed by the United States, by any territory, dependency, or possession thereof, or by any State, county, municipality, or local taxing authority, except that any real property of the Association shall be subject to State, territorial, county, municipal, or local taxation to the same extent according to its value as other real property is taxed.

(2) The corporation, including its franchise, capital, reserves, surplus, mortgages or other security holdings, and income, shall be exempt from all taxation now or hereafter imposed by any State, territory, possession, Commonwealth, or dependency of the United States, or by the District of Columbia, or by any county, municipality, or local taxing authority, except that any real property of the corporation shall be subject to State, territorial, county, municipal, or local taxation to the same extent as other real property is taxed.

(1) Subject to the provisions of section 1723(a) of this title, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall have power to select and appoint or employ such officers, attorneys, employees, and agents of the Association, to vest them with such powers and duties, and to fix and to cause the Association to pay such compensation to them for their services, as he may determine, subject to the civil service and classification laws. With the consent of any Government corporation or Federal Reserve bank, or of any board, commission, independent establishment, or executive department of the Government, the Association may avail itself on a reimbursable basis of the use of information, services, facilities, officers, and employees thereof, including any field service thereof, in carrying out the provisions of the subchapter.

(2) The board of directors of the corporation shall have the power to select and appoint or employ such officers, attorneys, employees, and agents, to vest them with such powers and duties, and to fix and to cause the corporation to pay such compensation to them for their services, as the board of directors determines reasonable and comparable with compensation for employment in other similar businesses (including other publicly held financial institutions or major financial services companies) involving similar duties and responsibilities, except that a significant portion of potential compensation of all executive officers (as such term is defined in paragraph (3)(C)) of the corporation shall be based on the performance of the corporation; and any such action shall be without regard to the Federal civil service and classification laws. Appointments, promotions, and separations so made shall be based on merit and efficiency, and no political tests or qualifications shall be permitted or given consideration. Each officer and employee of the corporation who is employed by the corporation prior to January 31, 1972, and who on the day previous to the beginning of such employment will have been subject to the civil service retirement law (subch. III of ch. 83 of title 5) shall, so long as the employment of such officer or employee by the corporation continues without a break in continuity of service, continue to be subject to such law; and for the purpose of such law the employment of such officer or employee by the corporation without a break in continuity of service shall be deemed to be employment by the Government of the United States. The corporation shall contribute to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund a sum as provided by section 8334(a) of title 5, except that such sum shall be determined by applying to the total basic pay (as defined in section 8331(3) of title 5 and except as hereinafter provided) paid to the employees of the corporation who are covered by the civil service retirement law, the per centum rate determined annually by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management to be the excess of the total normal cost per centum rate of the civil service retirement system over the employee deduction rate specified in section 8334(a) of title 5. The corporation shall also pay into the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund such portion of the cost of administration of the fund as is determined by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management to be attributable to its employees. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, there shall not be considered for the purposes of the civil service retirement law that portion of the basic pay in any one year of any officer or employee of the corporation which exceeds the basic pay provided for positions listed in section 5312 of title 5 on the last day of such year: *Provided*, That with respect to any person whose employment is made subject to the civil service retirement law by section 806 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, there shall not be considered for the purposes of such law that portion of the basic pay of such person in any one year which exceeds the basic pay provided for positions listed in section 5316 of such title 5 on the last day of such year. Except as provided in this subsection, the corporation shall not be subject to the provisions of title 5.

(3)(A) Not later than June 30, 1993, and annually thereafter, the corporation shall submit a report to the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate on (i) the comparability of the compensation policies of the corporation with the compensation policies of other similar businesses, (ii) in the aggregate, the percentage of total cash compensation and payments under employee benefit plans (which shall be defined in a manner consistent with the corporation's proxy statement for the annual meeting of shareholders for the preceding year) earned by executive officers of the corporation during the preceding year that was based on the corporation's performance, and (iii) the comparability of the corporation's financial performance with the performance of other similar businesses. The report shall include a copy of the corporation's proxy statement for the annual meeting of shareholders for the preceding year.

(B) Notwithstanding the first sentence of paragraph (2), after October 28, 1992, the corporation may not enter into any agreement or contract to provide any payment of money or other thing of current or potential value in connection with the termination of employment of any executive officer of the corporation, unless such agreement or contract is approved in advance by the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency. The Director may not approve any such agreement or contract unless the Director determines that the benefits provided under the agreement or contract are comparable to benefits under such agreements for officers of other public and private entities involved in financial services and housing interests who have comparable duties and responsibilities. For purposes of this subparagraph, any renegotiation, amendment, or change after October 28, 1992, to any such agreement or contract entered into on or before October 28, 1992, shall be considered entering into an agreement or contract.

(C) For purposes of this paragraph, the term “executive officer” has the meaning given the term in section 1303 of the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 [12 U.S.C. 4502].

(4) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the corporation shall not transfer, disburse, or pay compensation to any executive officer, or enter into an agreement with such executive officer, without the approval of the Director, for matters being reviewed under section 1318 of the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 (12 U.S.C. 4518).

No individual, association, partnership, or corporation, except the bodies corporate named in section 1717(a)(2) of this title, shall hereafter use the words “Federal National Mortgage Association,” “Government National Mortgage Association,” or any combination of such words, as the name or a part thereof under which the individual, association, partnership, or corporation shall do business. Violations of the foregoing sentence may be enjoined by any court of general jurisdiction at the suit of the proper body corporate. In any such suit, the plaintiff may recover any actual damages flowing from such violation, and, in addition, shall be entitled to punitive damages (regardless of the existence or nonexistence of actual damages) of not exceeding $100 for each day during which such violation is committed or repeated.

In order that the Association may be supplied with such forms of obligations or certificates as it may need for issuance under this subchapter, the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized, upon request of the Association, to prepare such forms as shall be suitable and approved by the Association, to be held in the Treasury subject to delivery, upon order of the Association. The engraved plates, dies, bed pieces, and other material executed in connection therewith shall remain in the custody of the Secretary of the Treasury. The Association shall reimburse the Secretary of the Treasury for any expenses incurred in the preparation, custody, and delivery of such forms.

The Federal Reserve banks are authorized and directed to act as depositaries, custodians, and fiscal agents for each of the bodies corporate named in section 1717(a)(2) of this title, for its own account or as fiduciary, and such banks shall be reimbursed for such services in such manner as may be agreed upon; and each of such bodies corporate may itself act in such capacities, for its own account or as fiduciary, and for the account of others.

(1) The programs, activities, receipts, expenditures, and financial transactions of the corporation shall be subject to audit by the Comptroller General of the United States under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Comptroller General. The representatives of the Government Accountability Office shall have access to such books, accounts, financial records, reports, files, and such other papers, things, or property belonging to or in use by the corporation and necessary to facilitate the audit, and they shall be afforded full facilities for verifying transactions with the balances or securities held by depositories, fiscal agents, and custodians. A report on each such audit shall be made by the Comptroller General to the Congress. The corporation shall reimburse the Government Accountability Office for the full cost of any such audit as billed therefor by the Comptroller General.

(2) To carry out this subsection, the representatives of the Government Accountability Office shall have access, upon request to the corporation or any auditor for an audit of the corporation under subsection (*l*) of this section, to any books, accounts, financial records, reports, files, or other papers, things, or property belonging to or in use by the corporation and used in any such audit and to any papers, records, files, and reports of the auditor used in such an audit.

(1) The corporation shall submit to the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency annual and quarterly reports of the financial condition and operations of the corporation which shall be in such form, contain such information, and be submitted on such dates as the Director shall require.

(2) Each such annual report shall include—

(A) financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(B) any supplemental information or alternative presentation that the Director may require; and

(C) an assessment (as of the end of the corporation's most recent fiscal year), signed by the chief executive officer and chief accounting or financial officer of the corporation, of—

(i) the effectiveness of the internal control structure and procedures of the corporation; and

(ii) the compliance of the corporation with designated safety and soundness laws.

(3) The corporation shall also submit to the Director any other reports required by the Director pursuant to section 1314 of the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 [12 U.S.C. 4514].

(4) Each report of financial condition shall contain a declaration by the president, vice president, treasurer, or any other officer designated by the board of directors of the corporation to make such declaration, that the report is true and correct to the best of such officer's knowledge and belief.

(1) The corporation shall have an annual independent audit made of its financial statements by an independent public accountant in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards.

(2) In conducting an audit under this subsection, the independent public accountant shall determine and report on whether the financial statements of the corporation (A) are presented fairly in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and (B) to the extent determined necessary by the Director, comply with any disclosure requirements imposed under subsection (k)(2)(B) of this section.

(1) The corporation shall collect, maintain, and provide to the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, in a form determined by the Director, data relating to its mortgages on housing consisting of 1 to 4 dwelling units. Such data shall include—

(A) the income, census tract location, race, and gender of mortgagors under such mortgages;

(B) the loan-to-value ratios of purchased mortgages at the time of origination;

(C) whether a particular mortgage purchased is newly originated or seasoned;

(D) the number of units in the housing subject to the mortgage and whether the units are owner-occupied; and

(E) any other characteristics that the Secretary considers appropriate, to the extent practicable.

(2) The corporation shall collect, maintain, and provide to the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, in a form determined by the Director, data relating to its mortgages on housing consisting of more than 4 dwelling units. Such data shall include—

(A) census tract location of the housing;

(B) income levels and characteristics of tenants of the housing (to the extent practicable);

(C) rent levels for units in the housing;

(D) mortgage characteristics (such as the number of units financed per mortgage and the amount of loans);

(E) mortgagor characteristics (such as nonprofit, for-profit, limited equity cooperatives);

(F) use of funds (such as new construction, rehabilitation, refinancing);

(G) type of originating institution; and

(H) any other information that the Secretary considers appropriate, to the extent practicable.

(3)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), this subsection shall apply only to mortgages purchased by the corporation after December 31, 1992.

(B) This subsection shall apply to any mortgage purchased by the corporation after the date determined under subparagraph (A) if the mortgage was originated before such date, but only to the extent that the data referred in paragraph (1) or (2), as applicable, is available to the corporation.

(1) The corporation shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate, and the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency a report on its activities under subpart B of part 2 of subtitle A of the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 [12 U.S.C. 4561 et seq.].

(2) The report under this subsection shall—

(A) include, in aggregate form and by appropriate category, statements of the dollar volume and number of mortgages on owner-occupied and rental properties purchased which relate to each of the annual housing goals established under such subpart;

(B) include, in aggregate form and by appropriate category, statements of the number of families served by the corporation, the income class, race, and gender of homebuyers served, the income class of tenants of rental housing (to the extent such information is available), the characteristics of the census tracts, and the geographic distribution of the housing financed;

(C) include a statement of the extent to which the mortgages purchased by the corporation have been used in conjunction with public subsidy programs under Federal law;

(D) include statements of the proportion of mortgages on housing consisting of 1 to 4 dwelling units purchased by the corporation that have been made to first-time homebuyers, as soon as providing such data is practicable, and identifying any special programs (or revisions to conventional practices) facilitating homeownership opportunities for first-time homebuyers;

(E) include, in aggregate form and by appropriate category, the data provided to the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency under subsection (m)(1)(B) of this section;

(F) compare the level of securitization versus portfolio activity;

(G) assess underwriting standards, business practices, repurchase requirements, pricing, fees, and procedures, that affect the purchase of mortgages for low- and moderate-income families, or that may yield disparate results based on the race of the borrower, including revisions thereto to promote affordable housing or fair lending;

(H) describe trends in both the primary and secondary multifamily housing mortgage markets, including a description of the progress made, and any factors impeding progress toward standardization and securitization of mortgage products for multifamily housing;

(I) describe trends in the delinquency and default rates of mortgages secured by housing for low- and moderate-income families that have been purchased by the corporation, including a comparison of such trends with delinquency and default information for mortgage products serving households with incomes above the median level that have been purchased by the corporation, and evaluate the impact of such trends on the standards and levels of risk of mortgage products serving low- and moderate-income families;

(J) describe in the aggregate the seller and servicer network of the corporation, including the volume of mortgages purchased from minority-owned, women-owned, and community-oriented lenders, and any efforts to facilitate relationships with such lenders;

(K) describe the activities undertaken by the corporation with nonprofit and for-profit organizations and with State and local governments and housing finance agencies, including how the corporation's activities support the objectives of comprehensive housing affordability strategies under section 12705 of title 42; and

(L) include any other information that the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency considers appropriate.

(3)(A) The corporation shall make each report under this subsection available to the public at the principal and regional offices of the corporation.

(B) Before making a report under this subsection available to the public, the corporation may exclude from the report information that the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency has determined is proprietary information under section 1326 of the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 [12 U.S.C. 4546].

(1) Not later than 4 months after October 28, 1992, the corporation shall appoint an Affordable Housing Advisory Council to advise the corporation regarding possible methods for promoting affordable housing for low- and moderate-income families.

(2) The Affordable Housing Advisory Council shall consist of 15 individuals, who shall include representatives of community-based and other nonprofit and for-profit organizations and State and local government agencies actively engaged in the promotion, development, or financing of housing for low- and moderate-income families.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, §309, as added Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title II, §201, 68 Stat. 620; amended Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §603(e), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 177; Pub. L. 90–448, title VIII, §802(z)–(ee), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 540, 541; Pub. L. 92–310, title II, §223(c), June 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 206; Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, §806(k), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 728; Pub. L. 94–375, §17(b), Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1076; Pub. L. 95–128, title IV, §408(c), Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1138; 1978 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §102, eff. Jan. 1, 1979, 43 F.R. 36037, 92 Stat. 3783; Pub. L. 98–440, title II, §§208, 209, 213(a), Oct. 3, 1984, 98 Stat. 1696, 1698; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §203(a)(3), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2229; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §444, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1922; Pub. L. 101–73, title VII, §731(m)(3), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 436; Pub. L. 102–550, title XIII, §1381(j)–(q), (s)(3), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3996–4001; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §§1113(b)(1), 1161(b), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2678, 2779.)

Section 806 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), is section 806 of Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 727. Subsection (k) of section 806 amended this subsec. (d)(2) relative to employment subject to the civil service retirement law. For complete classification of section 806 to the Code, see Tables.

The Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, referred to in subsec. (n)(1), (2)(A), is title XIII of Pub. L. 102–550, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3941. Subpart B of part 2 of subtitle A of the Act is classified generally to subpart 2 (§4561 et seq.) of part B of subchapter I of chapter 46 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note under section 4501 of this title and Tables.

Pub. L. 110–289, §1161(b)(2)(C), which directed amendment of par. (3)(B) of this section, was executed to par. (3)(B) of subsec. (n) of this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See 2008 Amendment note below.

Prior provisions on the subject of subsecs. (a) and (c) to (e) of this section were contained in sections 1716, 1719, and 1721 of this title.

**2008**—Subsec. (d)(3)(B). Pub. L. 110–289, §1161(b)(1), substituted “Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency” for “Director of the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight of the Department of Housing and Urban Development”.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 110–289, §1113(b)(1), added par. (4).

Subsec. (k)(1). Pub. L. 110–289, §1161(b)(1), substituted “Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency” for “Director of the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight of the Department of Housing and Urban Development”.

Subsec. (m)(1), (2). Pub. L. 110–289, §1161(b)(2)(A), substituted “to the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, in a form determined by the Director” for “to the Secretary, in a form determined by the Secretary” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (n)(1). Pub. L. 110–289, §1161(b)(2)(B)(i), substituted “and the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency” for “and the Secretary”.

Subsec. (n)(2)(E), (L). Pub. L. 110–289, §1161(b)(2)(B)(ii), substituted “Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency” for “Secretary”.

Subsec. (n)(3)(B). Pub. L. 110–289, §1161(b)(2)(C), substituted “Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency” for “Secretary”. See Codification note above.

**2004**—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office” wherever appearing.

**1992**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(s)(3)(A)(ii), which directed the substitution, in last sentence, of “the basic pay of such persons” for “his basic pay”, was executed by making the substitution in penultimate sentence to reflect the probable intent of Congress, because the words “his basic pay” do not appear in last sentence.

Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(j)(1), (s)(3)(A)(i), in first sentence, substituted “as the board of directors determines reasonable and comparable with compensation for employment in other similar businesses (including other publicly held financial institutions or major financial services companies) involving similar duties and responsibilities, except that a significant portion of potential compensation of all executive officers (as such term is defined in paragraph (3)(C)) of the corporation shall be based on the performance of the corporation” for “as it may determine” and in third sentence “the employment of such officer or employee” for “his employment” in two places.

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(j)(2), added par. (3).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(s)(3)(B), substituted “the individual, association, partnership, or corporation” for “he or it”.

Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(k), struck out subsec. (h) which related to regulatory power over Federal National Mortgage Association, approval for issuance of stock and other instruments, relation of mortgage purchases to national goal, audits, and a report to Congress and subsec. (i) which related to requests for approval submitted by Federal National Mortgage Association to Secretary, report to Congress, extension of approval period, and effect of inaction by Secretary.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(*l*), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted first sentence and struck out former first sentence which read as follows: “The mortgage transactions of the corporation may be subject to audit by the Comptroller General of the United States in accordance with the principles and procedures applicable to commercial corporation transactions under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Comptroller General.”, and added par. (2).

Subsecs. (k) to (*o*). Pub. L. 102–550, §1381(m)–(q), added subsecs. (k) to (*o*), respectively.

**1989**—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 101–73 added subsec. (j).

**1988**—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 100–242 inserted at end of second sentence “, but such 45-day period may not be extended for any other reason or for any period in addition to or other than such 15-day period”.

**1984**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–479 substituted “chapter 91 of title 31” for “the Government Corporation Control Act”.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 98–440, §§208, 213(a), substituted “issued by the corporation before October 1, 1985,” for “issued by the Corporation” and substituted “shall, not later than June 30 of each year, report to the Congress on the activities of the corporation under this subchapter” for “shall conduct a review of the financial operations of the corporation and undertake a study of the extent to which the activities of the corporation meet the purposes of this subchapter. Such review and study shall be completed and transmitted to the Congress on or before July 1, 1978.”

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 98–440, §209, added subsec. (i).

**1977**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95–128 inserted provision for review of the financial operations of the corporation and a study respecting how the activities of the corporation meet the purposes of this subchapter and transmittal of the review and study to the Congress.

**1976**—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 94–375 substituted “Subject to the provisions of section 1723(a) of this title, the Secretary” for “The Secretary”.

**1974**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 93–383 inserted “positions listed” before “in section 5312” and proviso relating to persons whose employment is subject to the civil service law by section 806 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, and substituted reference to Jan. 31, 1972, for reference to termination of transitional period referred to in section 810(b) of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968.

**1972**—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 92–310 struck out provisions which related to bonds of officers, attorneys, employees, and agents of the Association and which permitted the Association to pay the premiums therefor.

**1968**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(z), among other changes, expanded scope to include both the Government National Mortgage Association and the Federal National Mortgage Association, substituted “conduct its business without regard to any qualification or similar statute” for “conduct its business”, and struck out provisions which empowered the Federal National Mortgage Association, by its board of directors, to adopt, amend, and repeal bylaws.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(aa), designated existing provisions as par. (1), and struck out provisions which required the Association, with respect to its secondary market operations under section 1719 of this title, to pay annually to the Secretary of the Treasury an amount equivalent to the amount of Federal income taxes for which it would be subject if it were not exempt from such taxes with respect to such secondary market operations, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(bb), designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” for “Chairman of the Board”, and “agents of the Association” for “agents”, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(cc), prohibited the use of the name Government National Mortgage Association, authorized injunctions, and permitted recovery of actual damages and punitive damages, and eliminated provisions which made violations of this subsection a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not more than $100 or imprisonment for not more than 30 days, or both, for each day during which the violation is committed or repeated.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(dd), authorized and directed the Federal Reserve Banks to act for the Government National Mortgage Association, and empowered each of the bodies corporate to act as depositary, custodian, and fiscal agent, for its own account or as fiduciary, and for the account of others.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 90–448, §802(ee), added subsec. (h).

**1961**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 87–70 inserted “or other security holdings” after “mortgages”.

Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Banking and Financial Services of House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress. Committee on Banking and Financial Services of House of Representatives abolished and replaced by Committee on Financial Services of House of Representatives, and jurisdiction over matters relating to securities and exchanges and insurance generally transferred from Committee on Energy and Commerce of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Seventh Congress, Jan. 3, 2001.

Section 806(k) of Pub. L. 93–383 provided that the amendment made by that section does not apply with respect to any person receiving an annuity on the date of the enactment of Pub. L. 93–383, which was approved Aug. 22, 1974.

For effective date of amendment by title VIII of Pub. L. 90–448, see section 808 of Pub. L. 90–448, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1716b of this title.

“Director of the Office of Personnel Management” substituted for “United States Civil Service Commission” pursuant to Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1978, §102, 43 F.R. 36037, 92 Stat. 3783, set out under section 1101 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, which transferred functions vested by statute in United States Civil Service Commission to Director of Office of Personnel Management (except as otherwise specified), effective Jan. 1, 1979, as provided by section 1–102 of Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, set out under section 1101 of Title 5.

Advisory councils established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a council established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such council is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a council established by Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See sections 3(2) and 14 of Pub. L. 92–463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, 776, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §330, Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1652, provided that: “If the Federal National Mortgage Association submits to the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development or the Secretary of the Treasury, after the date of enactment of this section [Oct. 8, 1980], a proposal with respect to undertaking a mortgage-backed securities program, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development or the Secretary of the Treasury, as the case may be, shall, within 90 days after submission of such proposal, approve the proposal or transmit to the Congress a report explaining why the proposal has not been approved.”

Moneys of the Association not invested in mortgages or other security holdings or in operating facilities shall be kept in cash on hand or on deposit, or invested in obligations of the United States or guaranteed thereby, or in obligations, participations, or other instruments which are lawful investments for fiduciary, trust, or public funds.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, §310, as added Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title II, §201, 68 Stat. 621; amended Pub. L. 86–372, title III, §305(b), Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 670; Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §603(e), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 177; Pub. L. 88–560, title VII, §701(b)(3), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 800.)

Prior provisions on the subject of this section were formerly contained in section 1718 of this title.

**1964**—Pub. L. 88–560 authorized investment of funds in participations and other instruments which are lawful investments.

**1961**—Pub. L. 87–70 inserted “or other security holdings” after “mortgages”.

**1959**—Pub. L. 86–372 substituted “in obligations of the United States or guaranteed thereby, or in obligations which are lawful investments for fiduciary, trust, or public funds” for “in bonds or other obligations of, or in bonds or other obligations guaranteed as to principal and interest by, the United States”.

All obligations, participations, or other instruments issued by either of the bodies corporate named in section 1717(a)(2) of this title shall be lawful investments, and may be accepted as security for all fiduciary, trust, and public funds, the investment or deposit of which shall be under the authority and control of the United States or any officer or officers thereof. All stock, obligations, securities, participations, or other instruments issued pursuant to this subchapter shall, to the same extent as securities which are direct obligations of or obligations guaranteed as to principal or interest by the United States, be deemed to be exempt securities within the meaning of laws administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, §311, as added Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title II, §201, 68 Stat. 622; amended Pub. L. 88–560, title VII, §701(b)(1), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 800; Pub. L. 90–448, title VIII, §802(ff), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 542; Pub. L. 98–440, title II, §213(b), Oct. 3, 1984, 98 Stat. 1698; Pub. L. 102–550, title XIII, §1381(r), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4001.)

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–550 struck out before period at end “; but all such issuances by the Association and all issuances of stock, and debt obligations convertible into stock, by the corporation shall be made only with the approval of the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development”.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–440 inserted “by the Association and all issuances of stock, and debt obligations convertible into stock, by the corporation”.

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–448 substituted “either of the bodies corporate named in section 1717(a)(2) of this title” for “the Association,” and inserted provisions directing that all stock, obligations, securities, participations, or other instruments issued pursuant to this subchapter be deemed to be exempt securities, and requiring approval of the Secretary for all issuances.

**1964**—Pub. L. 88–560 inserted “, participations, or other instruments” after “obligations”.

For effective date of amendment by title VIII of Pub. L. 90–448, see section 808 of Pub. L. 90–448, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1716b of this title.

The functions of the Housing and Home Finance Administrator (including the function of making payments to the Secretary of the Treasury) under section 2 of Reorganization Plan Numbered 22 of 1950, together with the notes and capital stock of the Federal National Mortgage Association held by said Administrator thereunder, are transferred to the Federal National Mortgage Association.

(Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title II, §207, 68 Stat. 622.)

Reorganization Plan Numbered 22 of 1950, referred to in text, is set out as a note under section 1717 of this title.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing Act of 1954, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter or of the Federal National Mortgage Charter Association Act which comprises this subchapter.

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, §313, as added Oct. 18, 1974, Pub. L. 93–449, §3(a), 88 Stat. 1364; amended July 2, 1975, Pub. L. 94–50, title II §§201–206, 89 Stat. 254, 255; Aug. 3, 1976, Pub. L. 94–375, §13(e)(1), 90 Stat. 1075; Oct. 12, 1977, Pub. L. 95–128, title IV, §407(a)–(d), 91 Stat. 1137, 1138; Oct. 8, 1980, Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §337(b), 94 Stat. 1655, related to the interim mortgage and security purchasing authority of the Association.

For continued application of former sections 1720 and 1723e of this title to any purchase or commitment to purchase any mortgage made pursuant to those sections before Nov. 30, 1983, and the servicing and disposition of any such mortgage, see section 483(b) of Pub. L. 98–181, set out as a note under section 1720 of this title.

Section 3(b) of Pub. L. 93–449, as amended by Pub. L. 94–50, title II, §207, July 2, 1975, 89 Stat. 256; Pub. L. 94–375, §13(d), Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1075; Pub. L. 95–128, title IV, §407(e), Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1138; Pub. L. 95–406, §3, Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 880; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §303, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2096; Pub. L. 96–71, §3, Sept. 28, 1979, 93 Stat. 502; Pub. L. 96–105, §3, Nov. 8, 1979, 93 Stat. 795; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §303, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1112; Pub. L. 96–372, §4, Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1364; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §337(a), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1655, which related to the effective date of former section 1723e of this title, was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §483(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1240.

Pub. L. 98–371, title I, July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1218, in part directed Secretary to transfer all assets acquired and liabilities incurred pursuant to this section to management and liquidating functions fund established pursuant to section 1721 of this title, and that on Oct. 1, 1984, each outstanding obligation issued by Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to subsec. (c) of this section, together with any promise to repay principal and unpaid interest which had accrued on each obligation, and any other term or condition specified by each such obligation, was canceled.

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, §314, as added Nov. 9, 1978, Pub. L. 95–619, title II, §242, 92 Stat. 3228, related to the purchase of energy conserving home improvement loans and advances of credit by the Association under the direction of the Secretary.

Section 1723g, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, §315, as added Nov. 9, 1978, Pub. L. 95–619, title II, §243, 92 Stat. 3230; amended June 30, 1980, Pub. L. 96–294, title V, §531, 94 Stat. 737; Oct. 17, 1984, Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §203(a)(4), 98 Stat. 2229, set out authority of Solar Energy and Energy Conservation Bank to purchase loans and advances of credit for energy conservation improvements or solar energy systems.

Section 1723h, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, §316, as added Nov. 9, 1978, Pub. L. 95–619, title II, §244, 92 Stat. 3231; amended June 30, 1980, Pub. L. 96–294, title V, §532, 94 Stat. 739; Oct. 17, 1984, Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §203(a)(5), 98 Stat. 2229, set out authority of Solar Energy and Energy Conservation Bank to purchase mortgages secured by newly constructed homes with solar energy systems.

Whenever an issuer or custodian approved under section 1721(g) of this title knowingly and materially violates any provisions of subsection (b) of this section, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may impose a civil money penalty on the issuer or the custodian in accordance with the provisions of this section. The penalty shall be in addition to any other available civil remedy or any available criminal penalty and may be imposed whether or not the Secretary imposes other administrative sanctions.

The amount of the penalty, as determined by the Secretary, may not exceed $5,000 for each violation, except that the maximum penalty for all violations by a particular issuer or custodian during any one-year period shall not exceed $1,000,000. Each violation of a provision of subsection (b)(1) of this section shall constitute a separate violation with respect to each pool of mortgages. In the case of a continuing violation, as determined by the Secretary, each day shall constitute a separate violation.

The violations by an issuer or a custodian for which the Secretary may impose a civil money penalty under subsection (a) of this section are the following:

(A) Failure to make timely payments of principal and interest to holders of securities guaranteed under section 1721(g) of this title.

(B) Failure to segregate cash flow from pooled mortgages or to deposit either principal and interest funds or escrow funds into special accounts with a depository institution whose accounts are insured by the National Credit Union Administration or by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation through the Deposit Insurance Fund.

(C) Use of escrow funds for any purpose other than that for which they were received.

(D) Transfer of servicing for a pool of mortgages to an issuer not approved under this subchapter, unless expressly permitted by statute, regulation, or contract approved by the Secretary.

(E) Failure to maintain a minimum net worth in accordance with requirements prescribed by the Association;

(F) Failure to promptly notify the Association in writing of any changes that materially affect the business status of an issuer.

(G) Submission to the Association of false information in connection with any securities guaranteed, or mortgages pooled, under section 1721(g) of this title.

(H) Hiring, or retaining in employment, an officer, director, principal, or employee whose duties involve, directly or indirectly, programs administered by the Association while such person was under suspension or debarment by the Secretary.

(I) Submission to the Association of a false certification either on its own behalf or on behalf of another person or entity.

(J) Failure to comply with an agreement, certification, or condition of approval set forth on, or applicable to, the application for approval as an issuer of securities under section 1721(g) of this title.

(K) Violation of any provisions of this subchapter or any implementing regulation, handbook, or participant letter issued under authority of this subchapter.

Before taking action to impose a civil money penalty for a violation under paragraph (1)(G) or paragraph (1)(I), the Secretary shall inform the Attorney General of the United States.

The Secretary shall establish standards and procedures governing the imposition of civil money penalties under subsection (a) of this section. The standards and procedures—

(A) shall provide for the Secretary to make the determination to impose the penalty;

(B) shall provide for the imposition of a penalty only after an issuer or a custodian has been given notice of, and opportunity for, a hearing on the record; and

(C) may provide for review by the Secretary of any determination or order, or interlocutory ruling, arising from a hearing.

If no hearing is requested within 15 days of receipt of a notice of opportunity for hearing, the imposition of a penalty shall constitute a final and unappealable determination. If the Secretary reviews the determination or order, the Secretary may affirm, modify, or reverse that determination or order. If the Secretary does not review the determination or order within 90 days of the issuance of the determination or order, the determination or order shall be final.

In determining the amount of a penalty under subsection (a) of this section, consideration shall be given to such factors as the gravity of the offense, any history of prior offenses (including offenses occurring before December 15, 1989), ability to pay the penalty, injury to the public, benefits received, deterrence of future violations, and such other factors as the Secretary may determine by regulations.

The Secretary's determination or order imposing a penalty under subsection (a) of this section shall not be subject to review, except as provided in subsection (d) of this section.

After exhausting all administrative remedies established by the Secretary under subsection (c)(1) of this section, an issuer or a custodian against which the Secretary has imposed a civil money penalty under subsection (a) of this section may obtain a review of the penalty and such ancillary issues as may be addressed in the notice provided under subsection (c)(1)(A) of this section in the appropriate court of appeals of the United States, by filing in such court, within 20 days after the entry of such order or determination, a written petition praying that the Secretary's order or determination be modified or be set aside in whole or in part.

A court shall not consider any objection that was not raised in the hearing conducted pursuant to subsection (c)(1) of this section unless a demonstration is made of extraordinary circumstances causing the failure to raise the objection. If any party demonstrates to the satisfaction of the court that additional evidence, which was not presented at such hearing, is material and that there were reasonable grounds for the failure to present such evidence at the hearing, the court shall remand the matter to the Secretary for consideration of such additional evidence.

The decisions, findings, and determinations of the Secretary shall be reviewed pursuant to section 706 of title 5.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the court shall have the power in any such review to order payment of the penalty imposed by the Secretary.

If any issuer or custodian fails to comply with the Secretary's determination or order imposing a civil money penalty under subsection (a) of this section, after the determination or order is no longer subject to review as provided by subsections (c)(1) and (d) of this section, the Secretary may request the Attorney General of the United States to bring an action in an appropriate United States district court to obtain a monetary judgment against the issuer or custodian and such other relief as may be available. The monetary judgment may, in the discretion of the court, include any attorneys fees and other expenses incurred by the United States in connection with the action. In an action under this subsection, the validity and appropriateness of the Secretary's determination or order imposing the penalty shall not be subject to review.

The Secretary may compromise, modify, or remit any civil money penalty which may be, or has been, imposed under this section.

The term “knowingly” means having actual knowledge of or acting with deliberate ignorance of or reckless disregard for the prohibitions under this section.

The Secretary shall issue such regulations as the Secretary deems appropriate to implement this section.

The Secretary shall deposit all civil money penalties collected under this section into moneys of the Association pursuant to section 1722 of this title.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, §317, as added Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §110(a), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2011; amended Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, §2704(d)(13)(A), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–490; Pub. L. 109–171, title II, §2102(b), Feb. 8, 2006, 120 Stat. 9; Pub. L. 109–173, §9(f)(1), Feb. 15, 2006, 119 Stat. 3618.)

**2006**—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 109–173 substituted “Deposit Insurance Fund” for “Bank Insurance Fund for banks or through the Savings Association Insurance Fund for savings associations”.

Pub. L. 109–171 repealed Pub. L. 104–208, §2704(d)(13)(A). See 1996 Amendment note below.

**1996**—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 104–208, §2704(d)(13)(A), which directed substitution of “Deposit Insurance Fund” for “Bank Insurance Fund for banks or through the Savings Association Insurance Fund for savings associations”, was repealed by Pub. L. 109–171. See Effective Date of 1996 Amendment note below and 2006 Amendment note above.

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–173 effective Mar. 31, 2006, see section 9(j) of Pub. L. 109–173, set out as a note under section 24 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–171 effective no later than the first day of the first calendar quarter that begins after the end of the 90-day period beginning Feb. 8, 2006, see section 2102(c) of Pub. L. 109–171, set out as a Merger of BIF and SAIF note under section 1821 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–208 effective Jan. 1, 1999, if no insured depository institution is a savings association on that date, see section 2704(c) of Pub. L. 104–208, formerly set out as a note under section 1821 of this title.

Section 110(b) of Pub. L. 101–235 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [enacting this section] shall apply only with respect to—

“(1) violations referred to in the amendment that occur on or after the effective date of this section [Dec. 15, 1989]; and

“(2) in the case of a continuing violation (as determined by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development), any portion of a violation referred to in the amendment that occurs on or after such date.”

Section 1724, acts June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IV, §401, 48 Stat. 1255; July 16, 1952, ch. 883, 66 Stat. 727; July 28, 1959, Pub. L. 86–112, 73 Stat. 262; Oct. 16, 1966, Pub. L. 89–695, title III, §302(a), 80 Stat. 1055; Dec. 23, 1969, Pub. L. 91–151, title I, §8(a)(1), 83 Stat. 375; Oct. 28, 1974, Pub. L. 93–495, title I, §§101(b)(1), 103(a)(1), 88 Stat. 1501, 1503; Mar. 31, 1980, Pub. L. 96–221, title III, §308(b)(1)(A), 94 Stat. 147, defined terms used in this subchapter.

Section 1725, acts June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IV, §402, 48 Stat. 1256; May 28, 1935, ch. 150, §22, 49 Stat. 298; 1947 Reorg. Plan No. 3, eff. July 29, 1947, 12 F.R. 4981, 61 Stat. 954; July 3, 1948, ch. 825, §2, 62 Stat. 1240; June 27, 1950, ch. 369, §§5, 6, 64 Stat. 258; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title V, §501(1), title VIII, §802(b), 68 Stat. 633, 642; June 11, 1960, Pub. L. 86–507, §1(12), 74 Stat. 200; Aug. 16, 1973, Pub. L. 93–100, §4, 87 Stat. 343; Oct. 28, 1974, Pub. L. 93–495, title I, §105(d), 88 Stat. 1504; Oct. 28, 1977, Pub. L. 95–147, §2(b), 91 Stat. 1227; Oct. 15, 1982, Pub. L. 97–320, title I, §125(a), (b), title III, §314, 96 Stat. 1485, 1499; Aug. 10, 1987, Pub. L. 100–86, title III, §§304, 306(b), (i), 101 Stat. 597, 601, 603, related to creation of Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation.

Section 1726, acts June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IV, §403, 48 Stat. 1257; May 28, 1935, ch. 150, §§23, 24, 49 Stat. 298; July 14, 1952, ch. 723, §10(a)(5), 66 Stat. 604; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title I, §111, 69 Stat. 641; Sept. 2, 1964, Pub. L. 88–560, title IX, §901(b), 78 Stat. 804; July 24, 1970, Pub. L. 91–351, title VII, §707, 84 Stat. 463; Oct. 28, 1974, Pub. L. 93–495, title I, §105(a), 88 Stat. 1503; Nov. 10, 1978, Pub. L. 95–630, title XII, §1203, 92 Stat. 3711; Mar. 31, 1980, Pub. L. 96–221 title IV, §§407(b), 409, 94 Stat. 160; Oct. 15, 1982, Pub. L. 97–320, title I, §115(a), title II, §202(c), (d), 96 Stat. 1475, 1492; Aug. 10, 1987, Pub. L. 100–86, title V, §504(a), 101 Stat. 632, related to insurance of accounts and eligibility provisions.

Section 1727, acts June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IV, §404, 48 Stat. 1258; May 28, 1935, ch. 150, §25, 49 Stat. 298; June 27, 1950, ch. 369, §§7, 8, 64 Stat. 259; Sept. 8, 1961, Pub. L. 87–210, §§3–6, 75 Stat. 483; Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1110(d), 79 Stat. 508; Sept. 21, 1968, Pub. L. 90–505, §6(a), 82 Stat. 858; Dec. 23, 1969, Pub. L. 91–151, title I, §6(a), 83 Stat. 375; Dec. 24, 1969, Pub. L. 91–152, title IV, §416(c)(1), 83 Stat. 401; Dec. 22, 1971, Pub. L. 92–213, §5, 85 Stat. 776; Aug. 16, 1973, Pub. L. 93–100, §6, 87 Stat. 344; Oct. 28, 1974, Pub. L. 93–495, title I, §115, 88 Stat. 1507; Oct. 15, 1982, Pub. L. 97–320, title I, §126, 96 Stat. 1485; Aug. 10, 1987, Pub. L. 100–86, title III, §§305, 306(c), (f), (g), 307, title V, §505(c), 101 Stat. 600–603, 633, related to primary and secondary services.

Section 1728, acts June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IV, §405, 48 Stat. 1259; June 27, 1950, ch. 369, §9, 64 Stat. 259; Sept. 21, 1950, ch. 967, §5, 64 Stat. 894; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title V, §501(2), 68 Stat. 633; Oct. 16, 1966, Pub. L. 89–695, title III, §§302(b), 303(b), 80 Stat. 1055, 1056; Dec. 23, 1969, Pub. L. 91–151, title I, §8(a)(2), 83 Stat. 375; Oct. 28, 1974, Pub. L. 93–495, title I, §§101(b)(2), (3), 103(a)(2), 88 Stat. 1501, 1503; Dec. 26, 1974, Pub. L. 93–541, §1, 88 Stat. 1739; Nov. 10, 1978, Pub. L. 95–630, title XIV, §1401(b), 92 Stat. 3712; Dec. 21, 1979, Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §323(b), 93 Stat. 1120; Mar. 31, 1980, Pub. L. 96–221, title III, §308(b)(1)(B), 94 Stat. 147; Oct. 15, 1982, Pub. L. 97–320, title I, §128, 96 Stat. 1486; Oct. 22, 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, §2, 100 Stat. 2095, related to payment of insurance, statute of limitations with respect to claims, and insurance of public funds.

Section 1729, acts June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IV, §406, 48 Stat. 1259; May 28, 1935, ch. 150, §§26, 27, 49 Stat. 299; 1947 Reorg. Plan No. 3, eff. July 27, 1947, 12 F.R. 4981, 61 Stat. 954; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VIII, §802(c)(2), 68 Stat. 643; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title I, §109(a)(3), (b), 69 Stat. 640, 641; July 7, 1968, Pub. L. 90–389, §6, 82 Stat. 295; Nov. 10, 1978, Pub. L. 95–630, title I, §105(b)(2), 92 Stat. 3647; Oct. 15, 1982, Pub. L. 97–320, title I, §§122, 141(a)(6), title II, §§202(a), 206, 96 Stat. 1480, 1489, 1496; Jan. 12, 1983, Pub. L. 97–457, §§5, 9(a), (b)(1), 96 Stat. 2507, 2508; Aug. 10, 1987, Pub. L. 100–86, title IV, §405, title V, §509(a), 101 Stat. 613, 635, related to liquidation of insured institutions.

Section 1730, acts June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IV, §407, 48 Stat. 1260; June 27, 1950, ch. 369, §11, 64 Stat. 259; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title V, §501(3), 68 Stat. 633; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title I, §109(a)(3), 69 Stat. 640; Oct. 16, 1966, Pub. L. 89–695, title I, §102(a), 80 Stat. 1036; Oct. 28, 1974, Pub. L. 93–495, title I, §105(c), 88 Stat. 1504; Nov. 10, 1978, Pub. L. 95–630, title I, §§107(a)(2), (c)(2), (d)(2), (e)(2), 111(b), title II, §208(c), title VII, §§702, 703, 92 Stat. 3650, 3654, 3658, 3661, 3667, 3675, 3687; Oct. 15, 1982, Pub. L. 97–320, title I, §115(c)–(e), title IV, §§424(b), (d)(7), (e), 425(a), 427(b), 96 Stat. 1476, 1522, 1523, 1525; Oct. 27, 1986, Pub. L. 99–570, title I, §§1359(c), 1361, 100 Stat. 3207–28, 3207–31; Aug. 10, 1987, Pub. L. 100–86, title I, §111(b), title III, §306(e), title IV, §§406(b), 413(b), 101 Stat. 581, 602, 615, 621, related to termination of insurance and enforcement provisions.

Section 1730a, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IV, §408, as added Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–374, 73 Stat. 691; amended Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–746, 74 Stat. 883; Oct. 16, 1966, Pub. L. 89–695, title I, §103, 80 Stat. 1046; Feb. 14, 1968, Pub. L. 90–255, §2, 82 Stat. 5; Oct. 21, 1968, Pub. L. 90–608, ch. IV, §403, 82 Stat. 1194; July 24, 1970, Pub. L. 91–351, title VII, §705, 84 Stat. 462; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–609, title IX, §920, 84 Stat. 1816; Nov. 10, 1978, Pub. L. 95–630, title I, §§105(b)(1), 106(c), 92 Stat. 3646, 3649; Oct. 15, 1982, Pub. L. 97–320, title I, §§115(b), 123, 141(a)(7), title III, §335, title IV, §424(b), (d)(5), 96 Stat. 1475, 1483, 1489, 1505, 1522, 1523; Jan. 12, 1983, Pub. L. 97–457, §§6, 7, 96 Stat. 2507; Oct. 22, 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, §2, 100 Stat. 2095; Aug. 10, 1987, Pub. L. 100–86, title I, §§104(a)–(c)(1), (d)–(h), 106(a), 107(a), 110, 111(a), title IV, §§410(b), 414, title V, §509(a), 101 Stat. 567–571, 573–577, 579, 580, 620, 621, 635, related to regulation of holding companies.

Section 1730b, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IV, §409, as added Sept. 2, 1964, Pub. L. 88–560, title IX, §909, 78 Stat. 805, related to investment of certain funds in accounts of insured institutions.

Section 1730c, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IV, §410, as added Dec. 15, 1967, Pub. L. 90–203, §4, 81 Stat. 611, related to participation by insured institutions in lotteries and related activities.

Section 1730d, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IV, §411, as added Oct. 26, 1970, Pub. L. 91–508, title I, §102, 84 Stat. 1116; amended Nov. 18, 1988, Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6185(d)(2), 102 Stat. 4356, related to retention of records by insured institutions.

For provisions relating to abolition of Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation and transfer of functions, personnel and property, see sections 401 to 406 of Pub. L. 101–73, set out as a note under section 1437 of this title.

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IV, §412, as added Dec. 28, 1979, Pub. L. 96–161, title II, §203, 93 Stat. 1236, provided that if the applicable rate prescribed in this section exceeded the rate an insured institution would be permitted to charge in the absence of this section, then such institution could, for a business or agricultural loan of $25,000 or more, notwithstanding State law, take or charge on any evidence of debt, interest of not more than 5 per centum in excess of the discount rate in effect at the Federal Reserve bank in the district in which the institution was located, that the taking or charging of interest at a greater rate than that prescribed by this section, if knowingly done, would be deemed a forfeit of the entire interest on that particular evidence of debt, and that if such greater rate of interest had already been paid, the payor could recover twice the amount of such payment in a civil action commenced within two years of such payment. See section 1730g of this title.

A prior section 1730e, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, §412, as added Nov. 5, 1979, Pub. L. 96–104, title I, §103, 93 Stat. 790, identical to this section as added by Pub. L. 96–161, was repealed by section 212 of Pub. L. 96–161, effective at the close of Dec. 27, 1979, except that its provisions would continue to apply to any loan made in any State on or after Nov. 5, 1979, but prior to such repeal.

A prior section 1730e, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, §412, as added Oct. 29, 1974, Pub. L. 93–501, title II, §203, 88 Stat. 1559, identical to this section as added by Pub. L. 96–104, was repealed by section 1 of Pub. L. 96–104 except that its provisions shall continue to apply to any loan made in any State during the period specified in section 206 of Pub. L. 93–501.

Section 529 of Pub. L. 96–221 provided that the repeal of this section is effective at close of Mar. 31, 1980.

Section 529 of Pub. L. 96–221 provided that, notwithstanding the repeal of Pub. L. 96–104 and title II of Pub. L. 96–161, this section [which had been enacted by those laws] shall continue to apply to any loan made, any deposit made, or any obligation issued in any State during any period when this section was in effect in such State.

Section 1730f, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IV, §413, as added Dec. 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–533, §11(b), 88 Stat. 1729, related to disclosures with respect to certain federally related mortgage loans, identity of beneficiary interest as condition for loan, and report to Board.

Section 1730g, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IV, §414, as added Mar. 31, 1980, Pub. L. 96–221, title V, §522, 94 Stat. 165; amended Jan. 12, 1983, Pub. L. 97–457, §33, 96 Stat. 2511, related to insured savings and loan associations.

Section 1730h, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IV, §415, as added Aug. 10, 1987, Pub. L. 100–86, title IV, §402(b), 101 Stat. 606, related to accounting principles and other standards and requirements.

Section 1730i, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IV, §416, as added Aug. 10, 1987, Pub. L. 100–86, title IV, §404(b), 101 Stat. 611, related to thrift industry recovery regulations.

Any plan approved by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation under former section 1730i of this title for any State savings association to continue in effect as long as such association adheres to the plan and continues to submit to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation regular and complete reports on the progress in meeting the association's goals under the plan, notwithstanding the repeal of that section, see section 302 of Pub. L. 101–73, set out as a Savings Provision note under section 1467a of this title.

For provisions relating to abolition of Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation and Federal Home Loan Bank Board and transfer of functions, personnel, and property of such agencies, see sections 401 to 406 of Pub. L. 101–73, set out as a note under section 1437 of this title.

Section, acts June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §512, 48 Stat. 1265; Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §§9, 10, 52 Stat. 24, 25; June 28, 1941, ch. 261, §10, 55 Stat. 365, related to penalties. See sections 493, 657, 709, 1006, and 1008 to 1010 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary is authorized to refuse the benefits of participation (either directly as an insured lender or as a borrower, or indirectly as a builder, contractor, or dealer, or salesman or sales agent for a builder, contractor or dealer) under subchapter I, II, VI, VII, VIII, IX–B, or X of this chapter to any person or firm (including but not limited to any individual, partnership, association, trust, or corporation) if the Secretary has determined that such person or firm (1) has knowingly or willfully violated any provision of this chapter or of title III of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended, or of chapter 37 of title 38, or of any regulation issued by the Secretary under this chapter or by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs under said title III, or chapter 37, or (2) has, in connection with any construction, alteration, repair or improvement work financed with assistance under this chapter or under said title III, or chapter 37, or in connection with contracts or financing relating to such work, violated any Federal or State penal statute, or (3) has failed materially to properly carry out contractual obligations with respect to the completion of construction, alteration, repair, or improvement work financed with assistance under this chapter or under title III of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended, or of chapter 37 of title 38. Before any such determination is made any person or firm with respect to whom such a determination is proposed shall be notified in writing by the Secretary and shall be entitled, upon making a written request to the Secretary, to a written notice specifying charges in reasonable detail and an opportunity to be heard and to be represented by counsel. Determinations made by the Secretary under this section shall be based on the preponderance of the evidence. For the purposes of compliance with this section the Secretary's notice of a proposed determination under this section shall be considered to have been received by the interested person or firm if the notice is properly mailed to the last known address of such person or firm.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §512, as added Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §132, 68 Stat. 610; amended Pub. L. 85–857, §13(h), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1265; Pub. L. 86–372, title I, §119, Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 665; Pub. L. 89–754, title X, §1020(e), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1296; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (4), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(a)(17), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2232; Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §133(d)(3), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2027; Pub. L. 102–54, §13(d)(2)(B), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 274.)

The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended, referred to in text, is act June 22, 1944, ch. 268, 58 Stat. 284, as amended. Title III of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 was classified generally to subchapter II (§694 et seq.) of chapter 11C of former Title 38, Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans’ Relief, and was repealed by section 14(87) of Pub. L. 85–857, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1273, the first section of which reenacted title III of such Act as chapter 37 (§1801 [now 3701] et seq.) of Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits.

A prior section 512 of act of June 27, 1934, related to offenses and penalties, and was classified to section 1731 of this title, prior to repeal by act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, §21, 62 Stat. 862, eff. Sept. 1, 1948. See note under section 1731.

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–54 substituted “Secretary of Veterans Affairs” for “Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs”.

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–235 struck out reference to subchapter IX–A after reference to subchapter VIII.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–479 substituted “Penalties” for “Denial of benefits in cases of abuses; determination by Secretary; notice and hearing” in section catchline.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–16 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing, and “Secretary's” for “Commissioner's”.

**1966**—Pub. L. 89–754 inserted references to subchapters IX–A and IX–B of this chapter.

**1959**—Pub. L. 86–372 provided that for purposes of compliance with this section the Commissioner's notice of a proposed determination under this section shall be considered to have been received by the interested person or firm if the notice is properly mailed to the last known address of such person or firm.

**1958**—Pub. L. 85–857 inserted references to chapter 37 of title 38.

Amendment by Pub. L. 85–857 effective Jan. 1, 1959, see section 2 of Pub. L. 85–857, set out as an Effective Date note preceding part I of Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits.

The Congress declares that it has been its intent since the enactment of this chapter that housing built with the aid of mortgages insured under this chapter is to be used principally for residential use; and that this intent excludes the use of such housing for transient or hotel purposes while such insurance on the mortgage remains outstanding.

Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter, no new, existing, or rehabilitated multifamily housing with respect to which a mortgage is insured under this chapter shall be operated for transient or hotel purposes unless (1) on or before May 28, 1954, the Secretary has agreed in writing to the rental of all or a portion of the accommodations in the project for transient or hotel purposes (in which case no accommodations in excess of the number so agreed to by the Secretary shall be rented on such basis), or (2) the project covered by the insured mortgage is located in an area which the Secretary determines to be a resort area, and the Secretary finds that prior to May 28, 1954, a portion of the accommodations in the project had been made available for rent for transient or hotel purposes (in which case no accommodations in excess of the number which had been made available for such use shall be rented on such basis).

Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter, no mortgage with respect to multifamily housing shall be insured under this chapter (except pursuant to a commitment to insure issued prior to August 2, 1954), and (except as to housing coming within the provisions of clause (1) or clause (2) of subsection (b) of this section) no mortgage with respect to multifamily housing shall be insured for an additional term, unless (1) the mortgagor certifies under oath that while such insurance remains outstanding he will not rent, or permit the rental of, such housing or any part thereof for transient or hotel purposes, and (2) the Secretary has entered into such contract with, or purchased such stock of, the mortgagor as the Secretary deems necessary to enable him to prevent or terminate any use of such property or project for transient or hotel purposes while the mortgage insurance remains outstanding.

The Secretary is authorized and directed to enforce the provisions of this section by all appropriate means at his disposal, as to all existing multifamily housing with respect to which a mortgage was insured under this chapter prior to August 2, 1954, as well as to all multifamily housing with respect to which a mortgage is hereafter insured under this chapter: *Provided*, That no criminal penalty shall, by reason of enactment of this section, be applicable to the rental or operation of any such existing multifamily housing in violation of any provision of subsection (b) of this section at any time prior to August 2, 1954.

As used in this section, (1) the term “rental for transient or hotel purposes” shall have such meaning as prescribed by the Secretary but rental for any period less than thirty days shall in any event constitute rental for such purposes, and (2) the term “multifamily housing” shall mean (i) a property held by a mortgagor upon which there are located five or more single family dwellings, or upon which there is located a two-, three-, or four-family dwelling, or (ii) a property or project covered by mortgage insured or to be insured under section 1713 of this title, under section 1715e of this title with respect to any property or project of a corporation or trust of the character described in paragraph (1) of subsection (a) thereof, under section 1715k of this title if the mortgage is within the provisions of paragraph (3) (B) of subsection (d) thereof, under section 1715*l* of this title if the mortgage is within the provisions of paragraph (3) of subsection (d) thereof, under section 1743, 1748b, or 1750g of this title, or (iii) a project with respect to which an insurance contract pursuant to subchapter VII of this chapter is outstanding.

Promptly after receipt of written notice that any portion of any building is being rented or operated in violation of any provision of this section or of any rule or regulation lawfully issued thereunder, the Secretary shall investigate the existence of the facts alleged in the written notice and shall order such violation, if found to exist, to cease forthwith.

If such violation does not cease in accordance with such order, the Secretary shall forward the complaint to the Attorney General of the United States for prosecution of such civil or criminal action, if any, which the Attorney General may find to be involved in such violation.

Whenever he finds a violation of any provision of this section has occurred or is about to occur, the Attorney General shall petition the district court of the United States or the district court of any Territory or other place subject to United States jurisdiction within whose jurisdictional limits the person doing or committing the acts or practices constituting the alleged violation of this section shall be found, for an order enjoining such acts or practices, and upon a showing by the Attorney General that such acts or practices constituting such violation have been engaged in or are about to be engaged in, a permanent or temporary injunction, restraining order, or other order, with or without such injunction or restraining order, shall be granted without bond.

Any person owning or operating a hotel within a radius of fifty miles of a place where a violation of any provision of this section has occurred or is about to occur, or any group or association of hotel owners or operators within said fifty-mile radius, at his or their sole charge or cost, may petition any district court of the United States or the district court or any Territory or other place subject to United States jurisdiction within whose jurisdictional limits the person doing or committing the acts or practices constituting the alleged violation of this section shall be found, for an order enjoining such acts or practices, and, upon a showing that such acts or practices constituting such violation have been engaged in or are about to be engaged in, a permanent or temporary injunction, restraining order, or other order, with or without such injunction or restraining order, shall be granted.

The several district courts of the United States and the several district courts of the Territories of the United States or other place subject to United States jurisdiction, within whose jurisdictional limits the person doing or committing the acts or practices constituting the alleged violation shall be found, shall, wheresoever such acts or practices may have been done or committed, have full power and jurisdiction to hear, try, and determine such matter under subsections (h) and (i) of this section.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §513, as added Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §132, 68 Stat. 610; amended Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(a)(18), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2232.)

A prior section 513 of act June 27, 1934, was renumbered section 513A of act June 27, 1934, and is classified to section 1732 of this title.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–479 substituted “Prohibition against transient housing” for “Prohibition against use of insured multifamily housing for transient or hotel purposes” in section catchline.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (b) to (d), (e)(1), (f), and (g).

If any provision of this chapter, or the application thereof to any person or circumstances, is held invalid, the remainder of the chapter, and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected thereby.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §513A, formerly §513, 48 Stat. 1265; renumbered Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(a)(19), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2232.)

Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(a)(19), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2232, provided in part that: “Any reference in any law, regulation, order, document, record, or other paper of the United States to the section redesignated in this paragraph [this section] hereby is deemed to refer to section 513A of the National Housing Act [this section].”

The provisions of section 1430(a)(1) 1 and 1430b of this title; the seventh paragraph of section 24 of this title; section 371 of this title; subsection (n) of section 77B of the Bankruptcy Act, as amended (49 Stat. 664); section 606i of title 15, continuing and extending the functions of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation; and all other provisions of law establishing rights under mortgages insured in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, shall be held to apply to such chapter, as amended.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §514, as added Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §11, 52 Stat. 26.)

Section 1430(a) of this title, referred to in text, was amended by Pub. L. 106–102, title VI, §604(a), Nov. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1451, and, as so amended, the provisions formerly appearing in section 1430(a)(1) now appear in section 1430(a)(3)(A).

Section 77B of the Bankruptcy Act, referred to in text, was classified to section 207 of former Title 11, Bankruptcy. The Bankruptcy Act (act July 1, 1898, ch. 541, 30 Stat. 544, as amended), which was classified generally to former Title 11, was repealed effective Oct. 1, 1979, by Pub. L. 95–598, §§401(a), 402(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2682, section 101 of which enacted Revised Title 11. See table preceding section 101 of Revised Title 11.

Section 606i of title 15, referred to in text, was omitted from the Code. See note under section 606i of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

See section 6(a) of Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1957, effective June 30, 1957, 22 F.R. 4633, 71 Stat. 647, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

1 See References in Text note below.

At any time prior to final endorsement for insurance, the Secretary, in his discretion, may amend, extend, or increase the amount of any commitment, provided the mortgage, as finally endorsed for insurance is eligible for insurance under the provisions of this chapter and the rules and regulations thereunder, in effect at the time the original commitment to insure was issued.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §515 as added Oct. 25, 1949, ch. 729, §3, 63 Stat. 906; amended Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(a)(20), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2232.)

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–479 struck out “; mortgage conditions” after “amounts” in section catchline.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner”.

The following funds shall be deemed an indebtedness to the United States of the particular insurance fund involved, and the Secretary is authorized and directed to pay the amount of such indebtedness to the Secretary of the Treasury, with simple interest thereon from the date the funds were advanced to the date of final payment at a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration the average rate on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States from the date the funds were advanced until the date of final payment—

(1) funds made available to the Secretary pursuant to the provisions of sections 1705 and 1708 of this title, exclusive of amounts heretofore refunded, (a) for carrying out this subchapter and section 484d of title 48 with respect to mortgages insured under section 1709 of this title where such funds were credited to the general reinsurance account in the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund, and (b) for the payment of salaries and expenses with respect to mortgage insurance under sections 1713 and 1715a of this title where such funds were credited to the Housing Insurance Fund;

(2) funds made available to the Secretary pursuant to sections 1737 and 1748a 1 of this title; and

(3) funds made available to the Secretary by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to section 1747i 1 of this title.

Payments to the Secretary of the Treasury under this section shall be made in such amounts and at such times as the Secretary determines, after consultations with the Secretary of the Treasury, that funds are available for that purpose, taking into consideration the continued solvency of the funds involved. All payments made pursuant to this section shall be covered into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §516, as added June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §9, 67 Stat. 123; amended Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(a)(21), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2232.)

Section 1715a of this title, referred to in par. (1), in the original was a reference to section 210 of the National Housing Act (June 27, 1934, ch. 847, §210, as added Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §3, 52 Stat. 22), which was repealed by act June 3, 1939, ch. 175, §13, 53 Stat. 807. See note set out under section 1715a.

Section 484d of title 48, referred to in text, which authorized the Federal Housing Commissioner to prescribe a higher maximum for the principal obligation of mortgages, was omitted from the Code.

Sections 1737, 1747i, and 1748a of this title, referred to in text, were repealed by Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §1108(aa), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 507.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–479 inserted “Payment of certain funds to Treasury” as section catchline.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, no adjusted premium charge shall be collected in connection with the payment in full, prior to maturity, of any mortgage insured under this chapter, if the mortgagor certifies to the Secretary that the loan was paid in full by or on behalf of a nonprofit educational institution which intends to use the property for educational purposes.

(b) The Secretary shall refund any adjusted premium charge collected subsequent to July 1, 1962, and prior to September 2, 1964, in connection with the payment in full, prior to maturity, of any mortgage insured under this chapter, if the mortgagor under such mortgage makes the certification prescribed by subsection (a) of this section.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §517, as added Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §120, Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 782; amended Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

**1967**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

(1) The Secretary is authorized to make expenditures under this subsection with respect to any property that—

(A) is a condominium unit (including common areas) or is improved by a one-to-four family dwelling;

(B) was approved, before the beginning of construction, for mortgage insurance under this chapter or for guaranty, insurance, or direct loan under chapter 37 of title 38 or was less than a year old at the time of insurance of the mortgage and was covered by a consumer protection or warranty plan acceptable to the Secretary; and

(C) the Secretary finds to have structural defects.

(2) Expenditures under this subsection may be made for (A) correcting such defects, (B) paying the claims of the owner of the property arising from such defects, or (C) acquiring title to the property: *Provided*, That such authority of the Secretary shall exist only (A) if the owner has requested assistance from the Secretary not later than four years (or such shorter time as the Secretary may prescribe) after insurance of the mortgage, and (B) if the property is encumbered by a mortgage which is insured under this chapter after September 2, 1964.

The Secretary is authorized to make expenditures to correct, or to reimburse the owner for the correction of, structural or other major defects which so seriously affect use and livability as to create a serious danger to the life or safety of inhabitants of any one, two, three, or four family dwelling which is covered by a mortgage insured under section 1715z of this title or which is located in an older, declining urban area and is covered by a mortgage insured under section 1709 or 1715*l* of this title on or after August 1, 1968, but prior to January 1, 1973, and which is more than one year old on the date of the issuance of the insurance commitment, if (1) the owner requests assistance from the Secretary not later than one year after the insurance of the mortgage, or, in the case of a dwelling covered by a mortgage insured under section 1709 or 1715*l* of this title the insurance commitment for which was issued on or after August 1, 1968, but prior to January 1, 1973, not more than four months after August 3, 1976, and (2) the defect is one that existed on the date of the issuance of the insurance commitment and is one that a proper inspection could reasonably be expected to disclose. The Secretary may require from the seller of any such dwelling an agreement to reimburse him for any payments made pursuant to this subsection with respect to such dwelling. Expenditures pursuant to this subsection shall be made from the insurance fund chargeable for insurance benefits on the mortgage covering the structure to which the expenditures relate. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to cover the costs of such expenditures not otherwise provided for.

The Secretary shall by regulations prescribe the terms and conditions under which expenditures and payments may be made under the provisions of this section, and his decisions regarding such expenditures or payments, and the terms and conditions under which the same are approved or disapproved, shall be final and conclusive and shall not be subject to judicial review.

The Secretary is authorized to make expenditures to correct or to reimburse the owner for the correction of structural or other major defects which so seriously affect use and liveability as to create a serious danger to the life or safety of inhabitants of any one-, two-, three-, or four-family dwelling which is more than one year old on the date of issuance of the insurance commitment, is located in an older, declining urban area, and is covered by a mortgage insured under section 1709 or 1715*l* of this title on or after January 1, 1973, but prior to August 3, 1976, if (1) the owner requests assistance from the Secretary not more than one year after August 3, 1976, and (2) the defect is one that existed on the date of the issuance of the insurance commitment and is one that a proper inspection could reasonably have been expected to have disclosed. The Secretary may require from the seller of any such dwelling an agreement to reimburse him for any payments made pursuant to this subsection with respect to such dwelling. Expenditures pursuant to this subsection shall be made from the insurance fund chargeable for insurance benefits on the mortgage covering the structure to which the expenditures relate. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to cover the costs of such expenditures not otherwise provided for.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development is authorized and directed to conduct a full and complete investigation and study and report to Congress, with recommendations, not later than March 1, 1977, with respect to an effective program for protecting home buyers from hidden or undisclosed defects seriously affecting the use and livability of the home, which would be applicable to existing homes financed with mortgages insured under this chapter. In the study and report the Secretary shall particularly investigate the need for, cost and feasible structure of, a national home inspection and warranty program, with respect to such homes, to be operated by the Federal Government out of fees assessed on the home buyer and amortized over a period of two years. The Secretary's report shall also present an analysis of alternative Federal programs to meet these needs, and the cost and means of financing such programs. In the report the Secretary shall also outline administrative steps which can be taken to provide disclosure to purchasers of existing homes financed with mortgages insured under this chapter of the actual condition of the home and the types of repairs or replacements likely to be needed within a period of two years, such as repairs or replacement of furnace, roof or major appliances, based on age and useful life expectancy of such appurtenances.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §518, as added Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §121, Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 783; amended Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §104, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1771; Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §306, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 678; Pub. L. 94–50, title III, §302, July 2, 1975, 89 Stat. 256; Pub. L. 94–375, §9, Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1072; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §427, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1218; Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §515, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3789.)

**1992**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–550 substituted par. (1) and “(2) Expenditures under this subsection may be made for” for “The Secretary is authorized, with respect to any property improved by a one- to four-family dwelling that, before the beginning of construction, was approved for mortgage insurance under this chapter or for guaranty, insurance, or a direct loan under chapter 37 of title 38 and that the Secretary finds to have structural defects, to make expenditures for” and redesignated former cls. (1) to (3) appearing before proviso as cls. (A) to (C), respectively, of par. (2).

**1983**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–181 substituted “that, before the beginning of construction, was approved for mortgage insurance under this chapter or for guaranty, insurance, or a direct loan under chapter 37 of title 38 and that the Secretary finds” for “approved for mortgage insurance prior to the beginning of construction which he finds”.

**1976**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–375, §9(a), substituted “not more than four months after August 3, 1976” for “not more than 19 months after August 22, 1974”, and provision requiring expenditures be made from the insurance fund chargeable for insurance benefits on the mortgage covering the structure and appropriating sums for expenditures not otherwise covered for provision requiring expenditures be made from the Special Risk Insurance Fund.

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 94–375, §9(b), added subsecs. (d) and (e).

**1975**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–50 substituted “one, two, three, or four” for “one or two”, and “not more than 19 months” for “not more than one year”.

**1974**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–383 substituted provisions relating to authorization of the Secretary to make expenditures to correct, or to reimburse the owner for the correction of structural or other major defects of covered one or two family dwellings, for provisions relating to the authorization of the Secretary to make expenditures to correct, or to compensate the owner for, structural or other defects of covered single-family dwellings.

**1970**—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 91–609 added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (c).

**1967**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

There is hereby created a General Insurance Fund which shall be used by the Secretary, on and after August 10, 1965, as a revolving fund for carrying out all the insurance provisions of this chapter with the exception of those specified in subsection (e) of this section. All mortgages or loans insured under this chapter pursuant to commitments issued on or after August 10, 1965, except those specified in subsection (e) of this section, and all loans reported for insurance under section 1703 of this title on or after August 10, 1965, shall be insured under the General Insurance Fund. The Secretary shall transfer to the General Insurance Fund—

(1) the assets and liabilities of all insurance accounts and funds, except the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund, existing under this chapter immediately prior to August 10, 1965;

(2) all outstanding commitments for insurance issued prior to August 10, 1965, except those specified in subsection (e) of this section;

(3) the insurance on all mortgages and loans insured prior to August 10, 1965, except insurance specified in subsection (e) of this section; and

(4) the insurance of all loans made by approved financial institutions pursuant to section 1703 of this title prior to August 10, 1965.

The general expenses of the operations of the Department of Housing and Urban Development relating to mortgages and loans which are the obligation of the General Insurance Fund may be charged to the General Insurance Fund.

Moneys in the General Insurance Fund not needed for the current operations of the Department of Housing and Urban Development with respect to mortgages and loans which are the obligation of the General Insurance Fund shall be deposited with the Treasurer of the United States to the credit of such Fund, or invested in bonds or other obligations of, or in bonds or other obligations guaranteed as to principal and interest by, the United States or any agency of the United States: *Provided*, That such moneys shall to the maximum extent feasible be invested in such bonds or other obligations the proceeds of which will be used to directly support the residential mortgage market. The Secretary may, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, purchase in the open market debentures issued as obligations of the General Insurance Fund or issued prior to August 10, 1965, under other provisions of this chapter, except debentures issued under the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund. Such purchases shall be made at a price which will provide an investment yield of not less than the yield obtainable from other investments authorized by this section. Debentures so purchased shall be canceled and not reissued.

Premium charges, adjusted premium charges, and appraisal and other fees received on account of the insurance of any mortgage or loan which is the obligation of the General Insurance Fund, the receipts derived from the property covered by such mortgages and loans and from the claims, debts, contracts, property, and security assigned to the Secretary in connection therewith, and all earnings on the assets of the Fund shall be credited to the General Insurance Fund. The principal of, and interest paid and to be paid on, debentures which are the obligation of such Fund, cash insurance payments and adjustments, and expenses incurred in the handling, management, renovation, and disposal of properties acquired, in connection with mortgages and loans which are the obligation of such Fund, shall be charged to such Fund.

The General Insurance Fund shall not be used for carrying out the provisions of section 1709 of this title, except as determined by the Secretary, or the provisions of section 1715e of this title to the extent that they involve mortgages the insurance for which is the obligation of the Cooperative Management Housing Insurance Fund created by section 1715e(k) of this title, or the provisions of sections 1715n(e), 1715x(a)(2), 1715z, 1715z–1 and 1715z–2 1 of this title; and nothing in this section shall apply to or affect any mortgages, loans, commitments, or insurance under such provisions.

The Secretary shall undertake an annual assessment of the risks associated with each of the insurance programs comprising the General Insurance Fund, and shall present findings from such review to the Congress in the FHA Annual Management Report.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §519, as added Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §214, Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 471; amended Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(1), (3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 90–448, title I, §104(c), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 488; Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §117(e), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1775; Pub. L. 94–375, §10, Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1073; Pub. L. 95–24, title I, §102, Apr. 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 55; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §310, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2098; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §305, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1112; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §305, Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1639; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §334, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 414; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §403, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1208; Pub. L. 102–550, title I, §185(c)(2), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3748; Pub. L. 103–233, title I, §§103(g)(2), 105(b), Apr. 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 362, 363; Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2118(c)(2), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835.)

Section 1715z–2 of this title, referred to in subsec. (e), was repealed by Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2120(a)(6), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835.

**2008**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–289 substituted “1709 of this title, except as determined by the Secretary” for “1709(b) (except as provided in section 1709(v)), (h), and (i) of this title”.

**1994**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 103–233, §105(b), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f) and struck out former subsec. (f) which read as follows: “There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to cover losses sustained by the General Insurance Fund.”

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 103–233, §105(b)(2), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f).

Pub. L. 103–233, §103(g)(2), added subsec. (g).

**1992**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–550 inserted “(except as provided in section 1709(v))” after “1709(b)”.

**1983**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–181 inserted “such sums as may be necessary” after “appropriated”, and struck out “not to exceed $1,738,000,000, which amount shall be increased by $126,673,000 on October 1, 1981” after “Insurance Fund”.

**1981**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–35 inserted provision increasing authorization on Oct. 1, 1981.

**1980**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–399 substituted “$1,738,000,000” for “$1,341,000,000, which amount shall be increased by $165,000,000 on October 1, 1978, which shall be increased by not to exceed $93,000,000 on October 1, 1979”.

**1979**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–153 provided for an increase of $93,000,000 on October 1, 1979.

**1978**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–557 inserted “which amount shall be increased by $165,000,000 on October 1, 1978”.

**1977**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–24 substituted “$1,341,000,000” for “$500,000,000”.

**1976**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 94–375 added subsec. (f).

**1970**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–609 provided for guarantee as to principal and interest by any agency of the United States and for investment of moneys in bonds or other obligations the proceeds of which will be used to directly support the residential mortgage market.

**1968**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 90–448 prohibited use of Fund for carrying out provisions of sections 1715n(e), 1715x(a)(2), 1715z, 1715z–1 and 1715z–2 of this title.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Department of Housing and Urban Development” for “Federal Housing Administration” wherever appearing in subsecs. (b) and (c) of this section and “Secretary” for “Commissioner” in subsecs. (a), (c), and (d) of this section, respectively.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter with respect to the payment of insurance benefits, the Secretary is authorized, in his discretion, to pay in cash or in debentures any insurance claim or part thereof which is paid on or after August 10, 1965, on a mortgage or a loan which was insured under any section of this chapter either before or after such date. If payment is made in cash, it shall be in an amount equivalent to the face amount of the debentures that would otherwise be issued plus an amount equivalent to the interest which the debentures would have earned, computed to a date to be established pursuant to regulations issued by the Secretary.

(b) The Secretary is authorized to borrow from the Treasury from time to time such amounts as the Secretary shall determine are necessary (1) to make payments in cash (in lieu of issuing debentures guaranteed by the United States, as provided in this chapter) pursuant to the provisions of this section, and (2) to make payments for reinsured and directly insured losses under subchapter IX–C 1 of this chapter: *Provided, however*, That borrowings to make payments for reinsured and directly insured losses under subchapter IX–C 1 of this chapter shall be limited to $250,000,000 or such further sum as the Congress, by joint resolution, may from time to time determine. Notes or other obligations issued by the Secretary in borrowing under this subsection shall be subject to such terms and conditions as the secretary of the Treasury may prescribe. Each sum borrowed pursuant to this subsection shall bear interest at a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration the average market yield on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States of comparable maturities during the month preceding the issuance of such notes or other obligations.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §520, as added Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §215, Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 472; amended Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1104, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 566; Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §604, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1791.)

Subchapter IX–C of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (b), was classified to section 1749bbb et seq. of this title and was omitted from the Code.

**1970**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 91–609 provided for making payments for directly insured losses and made limitation provision applicable to such payments.

**1968**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–448 empowered the Secretary to borrow to make payments for reinsured losses under subchapter IX–C of this chapter, and limited such borrowing to $250,000,000 or such further sum as Congress may determine.

**1967**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

1 See References in Text note below.

The Secretary shall adopt a uniform procedure for the acceptance of materials and products to be used in structures approved for mortgages or loans insured under this chapter. Under such procedure any material or product which the Secretary finds is technically suitable for the use proposed shall be accepted. Acceptance of a material or product as technically suitable shall not be deemed to restrict the discretion of the Secretary to determine that a structure, with respect to which a mortgage is executed, is economically sound or an acceptable risk.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §521, as added Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §216, Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 473; amended Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

In the administration of housing assistance programs, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall encourage the use of materials and products mined and produced in the United States.

(Pub. L. 100–242, title V, §571, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1950.)

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1987, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, no mortgage which covers new construction shall be approved for insurance under this chapter (except pursuant to a commitment made prior to August 10, 1965) if the mortgaged property includes housing which is not served by a public or adequate community water and sewerage system: *Provided*, That this limitation shall be applicable only to property which is not served by a system approved by the Secretary pursuant to subchapter IX–A of this chapter, as such subchapter existed immediately before December 15, 1989, and which is situated in an area certified by appropriate local officials to be an area where the establishment of public or adequate community water and sewerage systems is economically feasible: *Provided further*, That for purposes of this section the economic feasibility of establishing such public or adequate community water and sewerage systems shall be determined without regard to whether such establishment is authorized by law or is subject to approval by one or more local governments or public bodies.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §522, as added Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §217(a), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 473; amended Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §133(d)(4), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2027.)

Subchapter IX–A of this chapter, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §133(a), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2027.

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–235 inserted “, as such subchapter existed immediately before December 15, 1989,” after “subchapter IX–A of this chapter”.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner”.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, from and after November 3, 1966, the Secretary, under such terms and conditions as he may approve, may waive all or a part of the 1 per centum deduction otherwise made from insurance benefits with respect to multifamily housing or land development mortgages assigned to him, where the assignment is made at his request in lieu of foreclosure of the mortgage.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §523, as added Pub. L. 89–754, title III, §312, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1271.)

In determining whether properties should be approved by the Secretary prior to rehabilitation and covered by mortgages insured under subchapter II of this chapter, the Secretary shall apply uniform property standards as between properties located outside urban renewal areas and those located within urban renewal areas.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §524, as added Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §116, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1774.)

The Secretary is authorized to insure mortgage proceeds advanced during construction or rehabilitation or otherwise prior to final endorsement of a project mortgage for the purpose of (1) financing improvements to the property and the purchase of materials and building components delivered to the property, and (2) providing funds to cover the cost of building components where such components have been assembled and specifically identified for incorporation into the property but are located at a site other than the mortgaged property, with such security as the Secretary may require.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §525, as added Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §301, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 676.)

(a) To the maximum extent feasible, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall promote the use of energy saving techniques through minimum property standards established by him for newly constructed residential housing, other than manufactured homes, subject to mortgages insured under this chapter. Such standards shall establish energy performance requirements that will achieve a significant increase in the energy efficiency of new construction. Such requirements shall be implemented as soon as practicable after November 9, 1978. Following November 30, 1983, the energy performance requirements developed and established by the Secretary under this subsection for newly constructed residential housing, other than manufactured homes, shall be at least as effective in performance as the energy performance requirements incorporated in the minimum property standards that were in effect under this subsection on September 30, 1982.

(b) The Secretary may require that each property, other than a manufactured home, subject to a mortgage insured under this chapter shall, with respect to health and safety, comply with one of the nationally recognized model building codes, or with a State or local building code based on one of the nationally recognized model building codes or their equivalent. The Secretary shall be responsible for determining the comparability of the State and local codes to such model codes and for selecting for compliance purposes an appropriate nationally recognized model building code where no such model code has been duly adopted or where the Secretary determines the adopted code is not comparable.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §526, as added Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §305, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 678; amended Pub. L. 95–619, title II, §252(a), Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3236; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §326(e), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1650; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §405, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1210; Pub. L. 98–479, title I, §104(a)(6), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2225.)

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–479 substituted “Minimum property standards” for “Promotion of energy saving techniques by Secretary of Housing and Urban Development of insured housing” in section catchline.

**1983**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–181 designated existing provision as subsec. (a), inserted “, other than manufactured homes,” after “housing”, inserted provision that the energy performance requirements developed for newly constructed residential housing, other than manufactured homes, be at least as effective in performance as the energy performance requirements incorporated in the minimum property standards in effect Sept. 30, 1982, and added subsec. (b).

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–399 struck out “, until such time as the energy conservation performance standards required under the Energy Conservation Standards for New Buildings Act of 1976 become effective” in second sentence.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–619 inserted provision requiring that the minimum property standards established by the Secretary under this section were to contain energy performance requirements to achieve a significant increase in the energy efficiency of new construction.

(a) No federally related mortgage loan, or Federal insurance, guaranty, or other assistance in connection therewith (under this chapter or any other Act), shall be denied to any person on account of sex; and every person engaged in making mortgage loans secured by residential real property shall consider without prejudice the combined income of both husband and wife for the purpose of extending mortgage credit in the form of a federally related mortgage loan to a married couple or either member thereof.

(b) For purposes of subsection (a) of this section, the term “federally related mortgage loan” means any loan which—

(1) is secured by residential real property designed principally for the occupancy of from one to four families; and

(2)(A) is made in whole or in part by any lender the deposits or accounts of which are insured by any agency of the Federal Government, or is made in whole or in part by any lender which is itself regulated by any agency of the Federal Government; or

(B) is made in whole or in part, or insured, guaranteed, supplemented, or assisted in any way, by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development or any other officer or agency of the Federal Government or under or in connection with a housing or urban development program administered by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development or a housing or related program administered by any other such officer or agency; or

(C) is eligible for purchase by the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Government National Mortgage Association, or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or from any financial institution from which it could be purchased by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation; or

(D) is made in whole or in part by any “creditor”, as defined in section 1602(f) of title 15, who makes or invests in residential real estate loans aggregating more than $1,000,000 per year.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §527, as added Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, §808(a), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 728; amended Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(a)(22), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2233.)

**1984**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–479 designated first par. as subsec. (a).

In carrying out the provisions of subchapter II of this chapter with respect to insuring mortgages secured by a one- to four-family dwelling unit, the Secretary may not deny such insurance for any such mortgage solely because the dwelling unit which secures such mortgage will be subject to a secondary mortgage or loan made or insured, or other secondary lien held, by any State or local governmental agency or instrumentality under terms and conditions approved by the Secretary.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §528, as added Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §323, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2102.)

(a) The provisions of the constitution of any State expressly limiting the rate or amount of interest, discount points, or other charges which may be charged, taken, received, or reserved by lenders and the provisions of any State law expressly limiting the rate or amount of interest, discount points, or other charges which may be charged, taken, received, or reserved shall not apply to any loan, mortgage, or advance which is insured under subchapter I or II of this chapter.

(b) The provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall apply to loans, mortgages, or advances made or executed in any State until the effective date (after December 21, 1979) of a provision of law of that State limiting the rate or amount of interest, discount points, or other charges on any such loan, mortgage, or advance.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §529, as added Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §308, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1113.)

In any case in which one or more provisions of, or amendments made by, title V of Pub. L. 96–221 [enacting sections 86a, 1730g, 1735f–7a, 1785(g), and 1831d of this title and section 687(i) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 86a, 1730g, and 1735f–7 of this title], this section, or any other provisions of law, including section 85 of this title, apply with respect to the same loan, mortgage, credit sale, or advance, such loan, mortgage, credit sale, or advance may be made at the highest applicable rate, see section 528 of Pub. L. 96–221, set out as a note under section 1735f–7a of this title.

Pub. L. 96–161, title I, §105, Dec. 28, 1979, 93 Stat. 1234, as amended by Pub. L. 96–221, title V, §529, Mar. 31, 1980, 94 Stat. 168, provided that (a)(1) the provisions of the constitution or law of any State expressly limiting the rate or amount of interest, discount points, or other charges which could be charged, taken, received, or reserved were not to apply to any loan, mortgage, or advance which was secured by a first lien on residential real property or by a first lien on stock in a residential cooperative housing corporation where the loan, mortgage, or advance was used to finance the acquisition of such stock; made after Dec. 28, 1979; and described in section 1735f–5(b) of this title, except that the limitation described in section 1735f–5(b)(1) of this title that the property must be designed principally for the occupancy of from one to four families was not to apply, the requirement contained in section 1735f(5)(b)(1) of this title that the loan be secured by residential real property was not to apply to a loan secured by stock in a residential cooperative housing corporation, and for the purpose of this section, the term “lender” in section 1735f–5(b)(2)(A) of this title was also to be deemed to include any lender approved by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for participation in any mortgage insurance program under this chapter; (2) [Repealed by Pub. L. 96–221, title V, §529, Mar. 31, 1980, 94 Stat. 168, eff. at the close of Mar. 31, 1980.]; that (b) the provisions of subsection (a)(1) were to apply to loans, mortgages, and advances made in any State unless and until the State adopted a provision of law (prior to the close of March 31, 1980) limiting the rate or amount of interest, discount points, or other charges on any such loan, mortgage, or advance, except that at any time after Dec. 28, 1979, any State could adopt a provision of law placing limitations on discount points or such other charges on any such loan, mortgage, or advance; that (c) the Federal Home Loan Bank Board was authorized to issue rules and regulations and to publish interpretations governing the implementation of this section; that (d) the provisions of subsection (a)(1) expired at the close of March 31, 1980, except that such provisions were to continue to apply to any loan, mortgage, or advance described in subsection (a)(1) for the duration of such loan, mortgage, or advance if made prior to such expiration or if made during the two-year period beginning on Dec. 28, 1979, pursuant to a commitment issued prior to such expiration, and that (e) for the purpose of this Act [Pub. L. 96–161] and any amendment made by this Act [see Tables for classification of Pub. L. 96–161], the term “State” included the several States, Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, the Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands, and the Virgin Islands.

(1) The provisions of the constitution or the laws of any State expressly limiting the rate or amount of interest, discount points, finance charges, or other charges which may be charged, taken, received, or reserved shall not apply to any loan, mortgage, credit sale, or advance which is—

(A) secured by a first lien on residential real property, by a first lien on all stock allocated to a dwelling unit in a residential cooperative housing corporation, or by a first lien on a residential manufactured home;

(B) made after March 31, 1980; and

(C) described in section 527(b) of the National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1735f–5(b)), except that for the purpose of this section—

(i) the limitation described in section 527(b)(1) of such Act that the property must be designed principally for the occupancy of from one to four families shall not apply;

(ii) the requirement contained in section 527(b)(1) of such Act that the loan be secured by residential real property shall not apply to a loan secured by stock in a residential cooperative housing corporation or to a loan or credit sale secured by a first lien on a residential manufactured home;

(iii) the term “federally related mortgage loan” in section 527(b) of such Act shall include a credit sale which is secured by a first lien on a residential manufactured home and which otherwise meets the definitional requirements of section 527(b) of such Act, as those requirements are modified by this section;

(iv) the term “residential loans” in section 527(b)(2)(D) of such Act shall also include loans or credit sales secured by a first lien on a residential manufactured home;

(v) the requirement contained in section 527(b)(2)(D) of such Act that a creditor make or invest in loans aggregating more than $1,000,000 per year shall not apply to a creditor selling residential manufactured homes financed by loans or credit sales secured by first liens on residential manufactured homes if the creditor has an arrangement to sell such loans or credit sales in whole or in part, or if such loans or credit sales are sold in whole or in part to a lender, institution, or creditor described in section 527(b) of such Act or in this section or a creditor, as defined in section 103(f) of the Truth in Lending Act [15 U.S.C. 1602(f)], as such section was in effect on the day preceding March 31, 1980, if such creditor makes or invests in residential real estate loans or loans or credit sales secured by first liens on residential manufactured homes aggregating more than $1,000,000 per year; and

(vi) the term “lender” in section 527(b)(2)(A) of such Act shall also be deemed to include any lender approved by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for participation in any mortgage insurance program under the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], and any individual who finances the sale or exchange of residential real property or a residential manufactured home which such individual owns and which such individual occupies or has occupied as his principal residence.

(2) The provisions of the constitution or law of any State expressly limiting the rate or amount of interest which may be charged, taken, received, or reserved shall not apply to any deposit or account held by, or other obligation of a depository institution. For purposes of this paragraph, the term “depository institution” means—

(i) any insured bank as defined in section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813);

(ii) any mutual savings bank as defined in section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813);

(iii) any savings bank as defined in section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813);

(iv) any insured credit union as defined in section 101 of the Federal Credit Union Act (12 U.S.C. 1752);

(v) any member as defined in section 2 of the Federal Home Loan Bank Act (12 U.S.C. 1422); and

(vi) any insured institution as defined in section 408 1 of the National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1730a).

(1) Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), the provisions of subsection (a)(1) of this section shall apply to any loan, mortgage, credit sale, or advance made in any State on or after April 1, 1980.

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (3), the provisions of subsection (a)(1) of this section shall not apply to any loan, mortgage, credit sale, or advance made in any State after the date (on or after April 1, 1980, and before April 1, 1983) on which such State adopts a law or certifies that the voters of such State have voted in favor of any provision, constitutional or otherwise, which states explicitly and by its terms that such State does not want the provisions of subsection (a)(1) of this section to apply with respect to loans, mortgages, credit sales, and advances made in such State.

(3) In any case in which a State takes an action described in paragraph (2), the provisions of subsection (a)(1) of this section shall continue to apply to—

(A) any loan, mortgage, credit sale, or advance which is made after the date such action was taken pursuant to a commitment therefor which was entered during the period beginning on April 1, 1980, and ending on the date on which such State takes such action; and

(B) any loan, mortgage, or advance which is a rollover of a loan, mortgage, or advance, as described in regulations of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, which was made or committed to be made during the period beginning on April 1, 1980, and ending on the date on which such State takes any action described in paragraph (2).

(4) At any time after March 31, 1980, any State may adopt a provision of law placing limitations on discount points or such other charges on any loan, mortgage, credit sale, or advance described in subsection (a)(1) of this section.

The provisions of subsection (a)(1) of this section shall not apply to a loan, mortgage, credit sale, or advance which is secured by a first lien on a residential manufactured home unless the terms and conditions relating to such loan, mortgage, credit sale, or advance comply with consumer protection provisions specified in regulations prescribed by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board. Such regulations shall—

(1) include consumer protection provisions with respect to balloon payments, prepayment penalties, late charges, and deferral fees;

(2) require a 30-day notice prior to instituting any action leading to repossession or foreclosure (except in the case of abandonment or other extreme circumstances);

(3) require that upon prepayment in full, the debtor shall be entitled to a refund of the unearned portion of the precomputed finance charge in an amount not less than the amount which would be calculated by the actuarial method, except that the debtor shall not be entitled to a refund which is less than $1; and

(4) include such other provisions as the Federal Home Loan Bank Board may prescribe after a finding that additional protections are required.

The provisions of subsection (c) of this section shall not apply to a loan, mortgage, credit sale, or advance secured by a first lien on a residential manufactured home until regulations required to be issued pursuant to paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (c) of this section take effect, except that the provisions of subsection (c) of this section shall apply in the case of such a loan, mortgage, credit sale, or advance made prior to the date on which such regulations take effect if the loan, mortgage, credit sale, or advance includes a precomputed finance charge and does not provide that, upon prepayment in full, the refund of the unearned portion of the precomputed finance charge is in an amount not less the amount which would be calculated by the actuarial method, except that the debtor shall not be entitled to a refund which is less than $1. The Federal Home Loan Bank Board shall issue regulations pursuant to the provisions of paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (c) of this section that shall take effect prospectively not less than 30 days after publication in the Federal Register and not later than 120 days from March 31, 1980.

For the purpose of this section—

(1) a “prepayment” occurs upon—

(A) the refinancing or consolidation of the indebtedness;

(B) the actual prepayment of the indebtedness by the consumer whether voluntarily or following acceleration of the payment obligation by the creditor; or

(C) the entry of a judgment for the indebtedness in favor of the creditor;

(2) the term “actuarial method” means the method of allocating payments made on a debt between the outstanding balance of the obligation and the precomputed finance charge pursuant to which a payment is applied first to the accrued precomputed finance charge and any remainder is subtracted from, or any deficiency is added to, the outstanding balance of the obligation;

(3) the term “precomputed finance charge” means interest or a time price differential within the meaning of sections 106(a)(1) and (2) of the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1605(a)(1) and (2)) as computed by an add-on or discount method; and

(4) the term “residential manufactured home” means a manufactured home as defined in section 603(6) of the National Mobile Home Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974 [42 U.S.C. 5402(6)] which is used as a residence.

The Federal Home Loan Bank Board is authorized to issue rules and regulations and to publish interpretations governing the implementation of this section.

This section takes effect on April 1, 1980.

(Pub. L. 96–221, title V, §501, Mar. 31, 1980, 94 Stat. 161; Pub. L. 96–221, title II, §207(b)(11), Mar. 31, 1980, 94 Stat. 144; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §§308(c)(6), 324(a), (e), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1641, 1647, 1648; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §384, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 432.)

The National Housing Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, as amended, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). Section 408 of the National Housing Act, which was classified to section 1730a of this title, was repealed by Pub. L. 101–73, title IV, §407, Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 363. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1701 of this title and Tables.

Section was enacted as part of the Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1981**—Subsec. (a)(1)(C)(vi). Pub. L. 97–35 inserted reference to a residential manufactured home.

**1980**—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 96–399, §324(a), substituted “all stock allocated to a dwelling unit” for first reference to “stock” and struck out “where the loan, mortgage, or advance is used to finance the acquisition of such stock” after “housing corporation”.

Subsec. (a)(1)(C)(vi). Pub. L. 96–399, §324(e), inserted reference to any person who finances the sale or exchange of residential real property which such individual owns and which such individual occupies or has occupied as his principal residence.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 96–221, §207(b)(11), struck out “(A)” after “(2)” and struck out subpar. (B) which provided that this paragraph shall not apply to any such deposit, account, or obligation which is payable only at an office of an insured bank, as defined in section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, located in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 96–399, §308(c)(6), substituted “manufactured” for “mobile”.

Section 207(b) of Pub. L. 96–221 provided in part that the amendment made by that section is effective 6 years after Mar. 31, 1980.

Section 526 of Pub. L. 96–221 provided that: “If any provision of this Act [for classification of Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1980 Amendment note set out under section 226 of this title and Tables] or the application of such provision to any person or circumstance shall be held invalid, the remainder of this Act and the application of such provision to any person or circumstance other than that as to which it is held invalid shall not be affected thereby.”

Federal Home Loan Bank Board abolished and functions transferred, see sections 401 to 406 of Pub. L. 101–73, set out as a note under section 1437 of this title.

Pub. L. 96–221, title V, §528, Mar. 31, 1980, 94 Stat. 168, provided that: “In any case in which one or more provisions of, or amendments made by, this title [enacting sections 86a, 1730g, 1735f–7a, and 1831d of this title, amending section 1785 of this title and section 687 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 86a, 1730g, and 1735f–7 of this title], section 529 of the National Housing Act [section 1735f–7 of this title], or any other provision of law, including section 5197 of the Revised Statutes (12 U.S.C. 85), apply with respect to the same loan, mortgage, credit sale, or advance, such loan, mortgage, credit sale, or advance may be made at the highest applicable rate.”

Section 527 of title V of Pub. L. 96–221, as amended by Pub. L. 96–221, title II, §207(b)(12), Mar. 31, 1980, 94 Stat. 144, provided that: “For purposes of this title [enacting sections 86a, 1730g, 1735f–7a, and 1831d of this title, amending section 1785 of this title and section 687 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 86a, 1730g, 1735f–7, and 1735f–7a of this title] the term ‘State’ includes the several States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, the Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands.”

[Section 207(b) of Pub. L. 96–221 provided that the amendment of above note made by that section is effective 6 years after Mar. 31, 1980.]

[For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.]

1 See References in Text note below.

In carrying out the provisions of subchapters I, II, IV,1 VII, VIII, IX–B, and X of this chapter pertaining to the payment of loan or mortgage insurance premium charges by a financial institution, other mortgagees, or agent thereof to the Federal Government in connection with a loan or mortgage insurance program established pursuant to any of these subchapters, the Secretary shall require that payment of such premiums be made (1) in the case of loans or mortgages respecting one- to four-family residences, promptly upon their receipt from the borrower, and (2) in any other case, promptly when due to the Secretary; except that the Secretary may approve payment of such premiums within twenty-four months of such receipt or due date, as appropriate, if the financial institution, mortgagee, or agent thereof pays interest, at a rate specified by the Secretary, to the insurance fund for the period beginning twenty days after receipt from the borrower or after the due date, as appropriate, and ending upon payment of the premiums to the Federal Government.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §530, as added Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §320, Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1646; amended Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §406, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1210; Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §133(d)(5), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2027.)

Subchapter IV of this chapter, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 101–73, title IV, §407, Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 363.

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–235 struck out reference to subchapter IX–A after reference to subchapter VIII.

**1983**—Pub. L. 98–181 substituted “(1) in the case of loans or mortgages respecting one- to four-family residences, promptly upon their receipt from the borrower, and (2) in any other case, promptly when due to the Secretary” for “promptly upon their receipt from the borrower”, inserted “or due date, as appropriate,” after “such receipt”, and inserted “or after the due date, as appropriate,” before “and ending”.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) The authority of the Secretary to enter into commitments to insure loans and mortgages under this chapter shall be effective for any fiscal year only to such extent or in such amounts as are or have been provided in appropriation Acts for such fiscal year.

(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law and subject only to the absence of qualified requests for insurance, to the authority provided in this chapter, and to the limitation in subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary shall enter into commitments to insure mortgages under this chapter with an aggregate principal amount of $110,165,000,000 during fiscal year 1993 and $68,673,868,600 during fiscal year 1994.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §531, as added Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §335, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 414; amended Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §402, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1208; Pub. L. 98–479, title I, §104(a)(7), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2225; Pub. L. 99–267, §1(h), Mar. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 73; Pub. L. 100–122, §2(c), Sept. 30, 1987, 101 Stat. 793; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §402, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1899; Pub. L. 101–625, title III, §321, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4134; Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §501, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3778; Pub. L. 103–120, §9, Oct. 27, 1993, 107 Stat. 1151.)

**1993**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–120 substituted “$110,165,000,000” for “$65,905,824,960”.

**1992**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–550 amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law and subject only to the absence of qualified requests for insurance, to the authority provided in this chapter, and to the limitation in subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary shall enter into commitments to insure mortgages under this chapter with an aggregate principal amount of $76,791,000,000 during fiscal year 1991 and $79,818,000,000 during fiscal year 1992.”

**1990**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–625 amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law and subject only to the absence of qualified requests for insurance, to the authority provided in this chapter, and to the limitation in subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary shall enter into commitments to insure mortgages under this chapter with an aggregate principal amount of $100,000,000,000 during fiscal year 1988, and $104,000,000,000 during fiscal year 1989.”

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–242 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

**1987**—Pub. L. 100–122 substituted “for any fiscal year” for “for fiscal year 1986”.

**1986**—Pub. L. 99–267 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law and subject only to the absence of qualified requests for insurance, to the authority provided in this chapter, and to any funding limitation approved in appropriation Acts, the Secretary shall enter into commitments during each of the fiscal years 1984 and 1985 to insure mortgages under this chapter with an aggregate principal amount of $50,900,000,000.”

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–479 substituted “this chapter” for “subchapter II of this chapter” in two places.

**1983**—Pub. L. 98–181 substituted provision authorizing the Secretary, subject to certain qualifications, to enter into commitments during fiscal years 1984 and 1985 to insure mortgages under subchapter II of this chapter with an aggregate principal amount of $50,900,000,000 for provision which directed the Secretary, during fiscal year 1982, not to enter into commitments under this chapter to insure loans and mortgages with an aggregate principal amount in excess of $41,000,000,000.

Section effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as a note under section 3701 of this title.

For increase in the applicable limitation on additional commitments to insure mortgages and loans to carry out this chapter during fiscal year 1986, see Pub. L. 99–349, title I, July 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 728; Pub. L. 99–345, §2, June 24, 1986, 100 Stat. 673; and Pub. L. 99–289, May 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 412, set out as notes under section 1721 of this title.

Upon the occurrence of any action described in subsection (b), an approved mortgagee shall immediately submit to the Secretary, in writing, notification of such occurrence.

The actions described in this subsection are as follows:

(1) The debarment, suspension or a Limited Denial of Participation (LDP), or application of other sanctions, other exclusions, fines, or penalties applied to the mortgagee or to any officer, partner, director, principal, manager, supervisor, loan processor, loan underwriter, or loan originator of the mortgagee pursuant to applicable provisions of State or Federal law.

(2) The revocation of a State-issued mortgage loan originator license issued pursuant to the S.A.F.E. Mortgage Licensing Act of 2008 (12 U.S.C. 5101 et seq.) or any other similar declaration of ineligibility pursuant to State law.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §532, as added Pub. L. 111–22, div. A, title II, §203(e), May 20, 2009, 123 Stat. 1647.)

The S.A.F.E. Mortgage Licensing Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is title V of div. A of Pub. L. 110–289, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2810, also known as the Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act of 2008, which is classified generally to chapter 51 (§5101 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5101 of this title and Tables.

A prior section 1735f–10, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §532, as added Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §339G, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 418, which related to purchaser-broker arrangement payments for insurance purposes, was repealed by section 203(e) of Pub. L. 111–22.

To reduce losses in connection with single family mortgage insurance programs under this chapter, at least once a year the Secretary shall review the rate of early defaults and claims for insured single family mortgages originated or underwritten by each mortgagee.

For each mortgagee, the Secretary shall compare the rate of early defaults and claims for insured single family mortgage loans originated or underwritten by the mortgagee in an area with the rate of early defaults and claims for other mortgagees originating or underwriting insured single family mortgage loans in the area. For purposes of this section, the term “area” means each geographic area in which the mortgagee is authorized by the Secretary to originate insured single family mortgages.

(1) Notwithstanding section 1708(c) of this title, the Secretary may terminate the approval of a mortgagee to originate or underwrite single family mortgages if the Secretary determines that the mortgage loans originated or underwritten by the mortgagee present an unacceptable risk to the insurance funds. The determination shall be based on the comparison required under subsection (b) of this section and shall be made in accordance with regulations of the Secretary. The Secretary may rely on existing regulations published before this section takes effect.

(2) The Secretary shall give a mortgagee at least 60 days prior written notice of any termination under this subsection. The termination shall take effect at the end of the notice period, unless the Secretary withdraws the termination notice or extends the notice period. If requested in writing by the mortgagee within 30 days of the date of the notice, the mortgagee shall be entitled to an informal conference with the official authorized to issue termination notices on behalf of the Secretary (or a designee of that official). At the informal conference, the mortgagee may present for consideration specific factors that it believes were beyond its control and that caused the excessive default and claim rate.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §533, as added Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §407(b), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1902; amended Pub. L. 107–73, title II, §209, Nov. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 675.)

**2001**—Pub. L. 107–73 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

“(a) To reduce losses in connection with mortgage insurance programs under this chapter, the Secretary shall review, at least once a year, the rate of early serious defaults and claims involving mortgagees approved under this chapter. On the basis of this review, the Secretary shall notify each mortgagee which, as determined by the Secretary, had a rate of early serious defaults and claims during the preceding year which was higher than the normal rate for the geographic area or areas in which that mortgagee does business. In the notification, the Secretary shall require each mortgagee to submit a report, within a time determined by the Secretary, containing the mortgagee's (1) explanation for the above normal rate of early serious defaults and claims; (2) plan for corrective action, if applicable, both with regard to (A) mortgages in default; and (B) its mortgage-processing system in general; and (3) a timeframe within which this corrective action will be begun and completed. If the Secretary does not agree with this timeframe or plan, a mutually agreeable timeframe and plan will be determined.

“(b) Failure of the mortgagee to submit a report required under subsection (a) of this section within the time determined by the Secretary or to commence or complete the plan for corrective action within the timeframe agreed upon by the Secretary may be cause for suspension of the mortgagee from participation in programs under this chapter.”

In order to ensure the adequate processing of applications for insurance of loans and mortgages under this chapter, the Secretary shall maintain not less than one office in each State to carry out the provisions of this chapter.

To assist the Resolution Trust Corporation in disposing of the property to which it acquires title and to ensure the timely processing of applications for insurance of loans and mortgages under this chapter that will be used to purchase multifamily residential property from the Resolution Trust Corporation, the Secretary shall establish an expedited procedure for considering such applications.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §534, as added Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §418, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1912; amended Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §512(a), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3786.)

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–550 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).

Section 512(b) of Pub. L. 102–550 provided that: “The procedure referred to in the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be established through interim and final regulations issued by the Secretary. The Secretary shall issue interim regulations implementing the procedure not later than the expiration of the 90-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 1992], which shall be effective upon issuance. The Secretary shall issue final regulations after notice and opportunity for public comment pursuant to the provisions of section 553 of title 5, United States Code (notwithstanding subsections (a)(2), (b)(B), and (d)(3) of such section).”

A mortgagee or lender may not require, as a condition of providing a loan insured under this chapter or secured by a mortgage insured under this chapter, that the principal amount of the loan exceed a minimum amount established by the mortgagee or lender.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §535, as added Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §419(a), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1913.)

If a mortgagee approved under the 1 chapter, a lender holding a contract of insurance under subchapter I of this chapter, or a principal, officer, or employee of such mortgagee or lender, or other person or entity participating in either an insured mortgage or subchapter I loan transaction under this chapter or providing assistance to the borrower in connection with any such loan, including sellers of the real estate involved, borrowers, closing agents, title companies, real estate agents, mortgage brokers, appraisers, loan correspondents and dealers, knowingly and materially violates any applicable provision of subsection (b) of this section, the Secretary may impose a civil money penalty on the mortgagee or lender, or such other person or entity, in accordance with this section. The penalty under this paragraph shall be in addition to any other available civil remedy or any available criminal penalty, and may be imposed whether or not the Secretary imposes other administrative sanctions. The penalty shall be in addition to any other available civil remedy or any available criminal penalty, and may be imposed whether or not the Secretary imposes other administrative sanctions.

The amount of the penalty, as determined by the Secretary, may not exceed $5,000 for each violation, except that the maximum penalty for all violations by any particular mortgagee or lender or such other person or entity during any 1-year period shall not exceed $1,000,000. Each violation of a 2 the provisions of subsection (b)(1) of this section shall constitute a separate violation with respect to each mortgage or loan application. In the case of a continuing violation, as determined by the Secretary, each day shall constitute a separate violation.

In the case of the mortgagee's failure to engage in loss mitigation activities, as provided in subsection (b)(1)(I) of this section, the penalty shall be in the amount of three times the amount of any insurance benefits claimed by the mortgagee with respect to any mortgage for which the mortgagee failed to engage in such loss mitigation actions.

The Secretary may impose a civil money penalty under subsection (a) of this section for any knowing and material violation by a mortgagee or lender or any of its owners, officers, or directors, as follows:

(A) Except where expressly permitted by statute, regulation, or contract approved by the Secretary, transfer of a mortgage insured under this chapter to a mortgagee not approved by the Secretary, or transfer of a loan to a transferee that is not holding a contract of insurance under subchapter I of this chapter.

(B) Failure of a nonsupervised mortgagee, as defined by the Secretary—

(i) to segregate all escrow funds received from a mortgagor for ground rents, taxes, assessments, and insurance premiums; or

(ii) to deposit these funds in a special account with a depository institution whose accounts are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation through the Deposit Insurance Fund, or by the National Credit Union Administration.

(C) Use of escrow funds for any purpose other than that for which they were received.

(D) Submission to the Secretary of information that was false, in connection with any mortgage insured under this chapter, or any loan that is covered by a contract of insurance under subchapter I of this chapter.

(E) With respect to an officer, director, principal, or employee—

(i) hiring such an individual whose duties will involve, directly or indirectly, programs administered by the Secretary, while that person was under suspension or withdrawal by the Secretary; or

(ii) retaining in employment such an individual who continues to be involved, directly or indirectly, in programs administered by the Secretary, while that person was under suspension or withdrawal by the Secretary.

(F) Falsely certifying to the Secretary or submitting to the Secretary a false certification by another person or entity.

(G) Failure to comply with an agreement, certification, or condition of approval set forth on, or applicable to—

(i) the application of a mortgagee or lender for approval by the Secretary; or

(ii) the notification by a mortgagee or lender to the Secretary concerning establishment of a branch office.

(H) Violation of any provisions of subchapter I or II of this chapter, or any implementing regulation, handbook, or mortgagee letter that is issued under this chapter.

(I) Failure to engage in loss mitigation actions as provided in section 1715u(a) of this title.

(J) Failure to perform a required physical inspection of the mortgaged property.

(K) Violation of section 1708(d) of this title.

(L) Use of “Federal Housing Administration”, “Department of Housing and Urban Development”, “Government National Mortgage Association”, “Ginnie Mae”, the acronyms “HUD”, “FHA”, or “GNMA”, or any official seal or logo of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, except as authorized by the Secretary.

The Secretary may impose a civil money penalty under subsection (a) of this section for any knowing and material violation by a principal, officer, or employee of a mortgagee or lender, or other participants in either an insured mortgage or subchapter I loan transaction under this chapter or provision of assistance to the borrower in connection with any such loan, including sellers of the real estate involved, borrowers, closing agents, title companies, real estate agents, mortgage brokers, appraisers, loan correspondents, and dealers for—

(A) submission to the Secretary of information that was false, in connection with any mortgage insured under this chapter, or any loan that is covered by a contract of insurance under subchapter I of this chapter;

(B) falsely certifying to the Secretary or submitting to the Secretary a false certification by another person or entity;

(C) failure by a loan correspondent or dealer to submit to the Secretary information which is required by regulations or directives in connection with any loan that is covered by a contract of insurance under subchapter I of this chapter; or

(D) causing or participating in any of the violations set forth in paragraph (1) of this subsection.

The Secretary may impose a civil money penalty, as adjusted from time to time, under subsection (a) for any use of “Federal Housing Administration”, “Department of Housing and Urban Development”, “Government National Mortgage Association”, “Ginnie Mae”, the acronyms “HUD”, “FHA”, or “GNMA”, or any official seal or logo of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, by any person, party, company, firm, partnership, or business, including sellers of real estate, closing agents, title companies, real estate agents, mortgage brokers, appraisers, loan correspondents, and dealers, except as authorized by the Secretary.

The Secretary shall establish standards and procedures governing the imposition of civil money penalties under subsection (a) of this section. These standards and procedures—

(A) shall provide for the Secretary to make the determination to impose the penalty or to use an administrative entity (such as the Mortgagee Review Board, established pursuant to section 1708(c) of this title) to make the determination;

(B) shall provide for the imposition of a penalty only after the mortgagee or lender or such other person or entity has been given an opportunity for a hearing on the record; and

(C) may provide for review by the Secretary of any determination or order, or interlocutory ruling, arising from a hearing.

If no hearing is requested within 15 days of receipt of the notice of opportunity for hearing, the imposition of the penalty shall constitute a final and unappealable determination. If the Secretary reviews the determination or order, the Secretary may affirm, modify, or reverse that determination or order. If the Secretary does not review the determination or order within 90 days of the issuance of the determination or order, the determination or order shall be final.

In determining the amount of a penalty under subsection (a) of this section, consideration shall be given to such factors as the gravity of the offense, any history of prior offenses (including those before December 15, 1989), ability to pay the penalty, injury to the public, benefits received, deterrence of future violations, and such other factors as the Secretary may determine in regulations to be appropriate.

The Secretary's determination or order imposing a penalty under subsection (a) of this section shall not be subject to review, except as provided in subsection (d) of this section.

After exhausting all administrative remedies established by the Secretary under subsection (c)(1) of this section, a mortgagee or lender or such other person or entity against whom the Secretary has imposed a civil money penalty under subsection (a) of this section may obtain a review of the penalty and such ancillary issues (such as any administrative sanctions under 24 C.F.R. parts 24 and 25) as may be addressed in the notice of determination to impose a penalty under subsection (c)(1)(A) of this section in the appropriate court of appeals of the United States, by filing in such court, within 20 days after the entry of such order or determination, a written petition praying that the Secretary's determination or order be modified or be set aside in whole or in part.

The court shall not consider any objection that was not raised in the hearing conducted pursuant to subsection (c)(1) of this section unless a demonstration is made of extraordinary circumstances causing the failure to raise the objection. If any party demonstrates to the satisfaction of the court that additional evidence not presented at the hearing is material and that there were reasonable grounds for the failure to present such evidence at the hearing, the court shall remand the matter to the Secretary for consideration of the additional evidence.

The decisions, findings, and determinations of the Secretary shall be reviewed pursuant to section 706 of title 5.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in any such review, the court shall have the power to order payment of the penalty imposed by the Secretary.

If any mortgagee or lender or such other person or entity fails to comply with the Secretary's determination or order imposing a civil money penalty under subsection (a) of this section, after the determination or order is no longer subject to review as provided by subsections (c)(1) and (d) of this section, the Secretary may request the Attorney General of the United States to bring an action in an appropriate United States district court to obtain a monetary judgment against the mortgagee or lender or such other person or entity and such other relief as may be available. The monetary judgment may, in the court's discretion, include the attorneys fees and other expenses incurred by the United States in connection with the action. In an action under this subsection, the validity and appropriateness of the Secretary's determination or order imposing the penalty shall not be subject to review.

The Secretary may compromise, modify, or remit any civil money penalty which may be, or has been, imposed under this section.

For purposes of this section, a person acts knowingly when a person has actual knowledge of acts or should have known of the acts.

The Secretary shall issue such regulations as the Secretary deems appropriate to implement this section.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, all civil money penalties collected under this section shall be deposited in the appropriate insurance fund or funds established under this chapter, as determined by the Secretary.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §536, as added Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §107(a), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2000; amended Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, §2704(d)(13)(B), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–490; Pub. L. 105–65, title V, §553, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1413; Pub. L. 105–276, title VI, §601(g), (h), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2674; Pub. L. 108–447, div. I, title II, §219(a), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3319; Pub. L. 109–171, title II, §2102(b), Feb. 8, 2006, 120 Stat. 9; Pub. L. 109–173, §9(f)(2), Feb. 15, 2006, 119 Stat. 3618; Pub. L. 111–22, div. A, title II, §203(f), May 20, 2009, 123 Stat. 1647.)

**2009**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 111–22, §203(f)(1)(A)(i), inserted “or any of its owners, officers, or directors” after “mortgagee or lender” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(1)(H). Pub. L. 111–22, §203(f)(1)(A)(ii), substituted “subchapter I or II of this chapter, or any implementing regulation, handbook, or mortgagee letter that is issued under this chapter.” for “subchapter I, II, or IX–A (as such subchapter existed immediately before December 15, 1989) of this chapter or any implementing regulation or handbook that is issued under this chapter.”

Subsec. (b)(1)(K), (L). Pub. L. 111–22, §203(f)(1)(A)(iii), added subpars. (K) and (L).

Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. L. 111–22, §203(f)(1)(B), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 111–22, §203(f)(1)(C), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Before taking action to impose a civil money penalty for a violation under paragraph (1)(D) or (F), or paragraph (2)(A), (B), or (C), the Secretary shall inform the Attorney General of the United States.”

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 111–22, §203(f)(2), substituted “For purposes of this section, a person acts knowingly when a person has actual knowledge of acts or should have known of the acts.” for “The term ‘knowingly’ means having actual knowledge of or acting with deliberate ignorance of or reckless disregard for the prohibitions under this section.”

**2006**—Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 109–173 substituted “Deposit Insurance Fund” for “Bank Insurance Fund for banks and through the Savings Association Insurance Fund for savings associations”.

Pub. L. 109–171 repealed Pub. L. 104–208, §2704(d)(13)(B). See 1996 Amendment note below.

**2004**—Subsec. (b)(1)(J). Pub. L. 108–447 added subpar. (J).

**1998**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–276, §601(g), inserted second paragraph.

Subsec. (b)(1)(I). Pub. L. 105–276, §601(h), which directed the addition of subpar. (I) after subpar. “(h)”, was executed by adding subpar. (I) after subpar. (H), to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**1997**—Pub. L. 105–65, §553(a), amended section catchline generally, substituting “mortgagees, lenders, and other participants in FHA programs” for “mortgagees and lenders”.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–65, §553(b)(1), substituted “If a mortgagee approved under the chapter, a lender holding a contract of insurance under subchapter I of this chapter, or a principal, officer, or employee of such mortgagee or lender, or other person or entity participating in either an insured mortgage or subchapter I loan transaction under this chapter or providing assistance to the borrower in connection with any such loan, including sellers of the real estate involved, borrowers, closing agents, title companies, real estate agents, mortgage brokers, appraisers, loan correspondents and dealers, knowingly and materially violates any applicable provision of subsection (b) of this section, the Secretary may impose a civil money penalty on the mortgagee or lender, or such other person or entity, in accordance with this section. The penalty under this paragraph shall be in addition to any other available civil remedy or any available criminal penalty, and may be imposed whether or not the Secretary imposes other administrative sanctions.” for “Whenever a mortgagee approved under this chapter, or a lender holding a contract of insurance under subchapter I of this chapter, knowingly and materially violates any of the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, the Secretary may impose a civil money penalty on the mortgagee or lender in accordance with the provisions of this section.”

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–65, §553(b)(2), inserted “or such other person or entity” after “lender” in first sentence and substituted “the provisions of subsection (b)(1)” for “provision of subsection (b)(1)” in second sentence.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 105–65, §553(c)(1), (2), added par. (2) and redesignated former par. (2) as (3).

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 105–65, §553(c)(1), (3), redesignated par. (2) as (3) and substituted “or (F), or paragraph (2)(A), (B), or (C)” for “or paragraph (1)(F)”.

Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 105–65, §553(d)(1), inserted “or such other person or entity” after “lender”.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 105–65, §553(d)(2), inserted “or such other person or entity” after “lender” and substituted “parts 24 and 25” for “part 25”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–65, §553(d)(3), inserted “or such other person or entity” after “lender” in two places.

**1996**—Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 104–208, §2704(d)(13)(B), which directed the amendment of section 526(b)(1)(B)(ii) of the National Housing Act by substituting “Deposit Insurance Fund” for “Bank Insurance Fund for banks and through the Savings Association Insurance Fund for savings associations” and which substitution was probably intended by Congress to be made in subsec. (b)(1)(B)(ii) of this section, section 536 of the National Housing Act, was repealed by Pub. L. 109–171. See Effective Date of 1996 Amendment note below and 2006 Amendment note above.

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–173 effective Mar. 31, 2006, see section 9(j) of Pub. L. 109–173, set out as a note under section 24 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–171 effective no later than the first day of the first calendar quarter that begins after the end of the 90-day period beginning Feb. 8, 2006, see section 2102(c) of Pub. L. 109–171, set out as a Merger of BIF and SAIF note under section 1821 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–208 effective Jan. 1, 1999, if no insured depository institution is a savings association on that date, see section 2704(c) of Pub. L. 104–208, formerly set out as a note under section 1821 of this title.

Section 107(b) of Pub. L. 101–235 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [enacting this section] shall apply only with respect to—

“(1) violations referred to in the amendment that occur on or after the effective date of this section [Dec. 15, 1989]; and

“(2) in the case of a continuing violation (as determined by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development), any portion of a violation referred to in the amendment that occurs on or after such date.”

Section 541 of title V of Pub. L. 105–65 provided that:

“(a) *o*) of the Department of Housing and Urban Development Act [42 U.S.C. 3535(*o*)] or part 10 of title 24, Code of Federal Regulations (as in existence on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 27, 1997]), the Secretary shall issue such regulations as the Secretary determines to be necessary to implement this subtitle [subtitle C (§§541–564) of title V of Pub. L. 105–65, enacting section 1437z–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending this section, sections 1708, 1715z–4a, 1715z–19, and 1735f–15 of this title, section 1516 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, section 6103 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 503 and 1437z of Title 42, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1735f–15 of this title and sections 503 and 1437z–1 of Title 42] and the amendments made by this subtitle in accordance with section 552 or 553 of title 5, United States Code, as determined by the Secretary.

“(b)

1 So in original. Probably should be “this”.

2 So in original. The word “a” probably should not appear.

The penalties set forth in this section shall be in addition to any other available civil remedy or any available criminal penalty, and may be imposed whether or not the Secretary imposes other administrative sanctions. The Secretary may not impose penalties under this section for violations a material cause of which are the failure of the Department, an agent of the Department, or a public housing agency to comply with existing agreements.

Whenever a mortgagor of property that includes 5 or more living units and that has a mortgage insured, co-insured, or held pursuant to this chapter, who has agreed in writing, as a condition of a transfer of physical assets, a flexible subsidy loan, a capital improvement loan, a modification of the mortgage terms, or a workout agreement, to use nonproject income to make cash contributions for payments due under the note and mortgage, for payments to the reserve for replacements, to restore the project to good physical condition, or to pay other project liabilities, knowingly and materially fails to comply with any of these commitments, the Secretary may impose a civil money penalty on that mortgagor, on a general partner of a partnership mortgagor, or on any officer or director of a corporate mortgagor in accordance with the provisions of this section.

The amount of the penalty, as determined by the Secretary, for a violation of this subsection may not exceed the amount of the loss the Secretary would experience at a foreclosure sale, or a sale after foreclosure, of the property involved.

The Secretary may also impose a civil money penalty under this section on—

(i) any mortgagor of a property that includes 5 or more living units and that has a mortgage insured, coinsured, or held pursuant to this chapter;

(ii) any general partner of a partnership mortgagor of such property;

(iii) any officer or director of a corporate mortgagor;

(iv) any agent employed to manage the property that has an identity of interest with the mortgagor, with the general partner of a partnership mortgagor, or with any officer or director of a corporate mortgagor of such property; or

(v) any member of a limited liability company that is the mortgagor of such property or is the general partner of a limited partnership mortgagor or is a partner of a general partnership mortgagor.

A penalty may be imposed under this section upon any liable party under subparagraph (A) that knowingly and materially takes any of the following actions:

(i) Conveyance, transfer, or encumbrance of any of the mortgaged property, or permitting the conveyance, transfer, or encumbrance of such property, without the prior written approval of the Secretary.

(ii) Assignment, transfer, disposition, or encumbrance of any personal property of the project, including rents, other revenues, or contract rights, or paying out any funds, except for reasonable operating expenses and necessary repairs, without the prior written approval of the Secretary.

(iii) Conveyance, assignment, or transfer of any beneficial interest in any trust holding title to the property, or the interest of any general partner in a partnership owning the property, or any right to manage or receive the rents and profits from the mortgaged property, without the prior written approval of the Secretary.

(iv) Remodeling, adding to, reconstructing, or demolishing any part of the mortgaged property or subtracting from any real or personal property of the project, without the prior written approval of the Secretary.

(v) Requiring, as a condition of the occupancy or leasing of any unit in the project, any consideration or deposit other than the prepayment of the first month's rent, plus a security deposit in an amount not in excess of 1 month's rent, to guarantee the performance of the covenants of the lease.

(vi) Not holding any funds collected as security deposits separate and apart from all other funds of the project in a trust account, the amount of which at all times equals or exceeds the aggregate of all outstanding obligations under the account.

(vii) Payment for services, supplies, or materials which exceeds $500 and substantially exceeds the amount ordinarily paid for such services, supplies, or materials in the area where the services are rendered or the supplies or materials furnished.

(viii) Failure to maintain at any time the mortgaged property, equipment, buildings, plans, offices, apparatus, devices, books, contracts, records, documents, and other related papers (including failure to keep copies of all written contracts or other instruments which affect the mortgaged property) in reasonable condition for proper audit and for examination and inspection at any reasonable time by the Secretary or any duly authorized agents of the Secretary.

(ix) Failure to maintain the books and accounts of the operations of the mortgaged property and of the project in accordance with requirements prescribed by the Secretary.

(x) Failure to furnish the Secretary, by the expiration of the 90-day period beginning on the first day after the completion of each fiscal year (unless the Secretary has approved an extension of the 90-day period in writing), with a complete annual financial report, in accordance with requirements prescribed by the Secretary, including requirements that the report be—

(I) based upon an examination of the books and records of the mortgagor;

(II) prepared and certified to by an independent public accountant or a certified public accountant (unless the Secretary has waived this requirement in writing); and

(III) certified to by the mortgagor or an authorized representative of the mortgagor.

The Secretary shall approve an extension where the mortgagor demonstrates that failure to comply with this clause is due to events beyond the control of the mortgagor.

(xi) At the request of the Secretary, the agents of the Secretary, the employees of the Secretary, or the attorneys of the Secretary, failure to furnish monthly occupancy reports or failure to provide specific answers to questions upon which information is sought relative to income, assets, liabilities, contracts, the operation and condition of the property, or the status of the mortgage.

(xii) Failure to make promptly all payments due under the note and mortgage, including mortgage insurance premiums, tax and insurance escrow payments, and payments to the reserve for replacements when there is adequate project income available to make such payments.

(xiii) Failure to maintain the premises, accommodations, any living unit in the project, and the grounds and equipment appurtenant thereto in good repair and condition in accordance with regulations and requirements of the Secretary, except that nothing in this clause shall have the effect of altering the provisions of an existing regulatory agreement or federally insured mortgage on the property.

(xiv) Failure, by a mortgagor, a general partner of a partnership mortgagor, or an officer or director of a corporate mortgagor, to provide management for the project that is acceptable to the Secretary pursuant to regulations and requirements of the Secretary.

(xv) Failure to provide access to the books, records, and accounts related to the operations of the mortgaged property and of the project.

The pay out of surplus cash, as defined by and provided for in the regulatory agreement, shall not constitute a violation of this subsection.

A penalty imposed for a violation under this subsection, as determined by the Secretary, may not exceed $25,000.

The Secretary shall establish standards and procedures governing the imposition of civil money penalties under subsections (b) and (c) of this section. These standards and procedures—

(A) shall provide for the Secretary or other department official (such as the Assistant Secretary for Housing) to make the determination to impose a penalty;

(B) shall provide for the imposition of a penalty only after the mortgagor, general partner of a partnership mortgagor, officer or director of a corporate mortgagor, or identity of interest agent employed to manage the property has been given an opportunity for a hearing on the record; and

(C) may provide for review by the Secretary of any determination or order, or interlocutory ruling, arising from a hearing.

If no hearing is requested within 15 days of receipt of the notice of opportunity for hearing, the imposition of the penalty shall constitute a final and unappealable determination. If the Secretary reviews the determination or order, the Secretary may affirm, modify, or reverse that determination or order. If the Secretary does not review the determination or order within 90 days of the issuance of the determination or order, the determination or order shall be final.

In determining the amount of a penalty under subsection (b) or (c) of this section, consideration shall be given to such factors as the gravity of the offense, any history of prior offenses (including offenses occurring before December 15, 1989), ability to pay the penalty, injury to the tenants, injury to the public, benefits received, deterrence of future violations, and such other factors as the Secretary may determine in regulations to be appropriate.

The Secretary's determination or order imposing a penalty under subsection (b) or (c) of this section shall not be subject to review, except as provided in subsection (e) of this section.

No payment of a civil money penalty levied under this section shall be payable out of project income.

After exhausting all administrative remedies established by the Secretary under subsection (d)(1) of this section, an entity or person against whom the Secretary has imposed a civil money penalty under subsection (b) or (c) of this section may obtain a review of the penalty and such ancillary issues as may be addressed in the notice of determination to impose a penalty under subsection (d)(1)(A) of this section in the appropriate court of appeals of the United States, by filing in such court, within 20 days after the entry of such order or determination, a written petition praying that the Secretary's order or determination be modified or be set aside in whole or in part.

The court shall not consider any objection that was not raised in the hearing conducted pursuant to subsection (d)(1) of this section unless a demonstration is made of extraordinary circumstances causing the failure to raise the objection. If any party demonstrates to the satisfaction of the court that additional evidence not presented at such hearing is material and that there were reasonable grounds for the failure to present such evidence at the hearing, the court shall remand the matter to the Secretary for consideration of such additional evidence.

The decisions, findings, and determinations of the Secretary shall be reviewed pursuant to section 706 of title 5.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in any such review, the court shall have the power to order payment of the penalty imposed by the Secretary.

If a mortgagor, general partner of a partnership mortgagor, officer or director of a corporate mortgagor, or identity of interest agent employed to manage the property fails to comply with the Secretary's determination or order imposing a civil money penalty under subsection (b) or (c) of this section, after the determination or order is no longer subject to review as provided by subsections (d)(1) and (e) of this section, the Secretary may request the Attorney General of the United States to bring an action in an appropriate United States district court to obtain a monetary judgment against the mortgagor, general partner of a partnership mortgagor, officer or director of a corporate mortgagor, or identity of interest agent employed to manage the property and such other relief as may be available. The monetary judgment may, in the court's discretion, include the attorneys fees and other expenses incurred by the United States in connection with the action. In an action under this subsection, the validity and appropriateness of the Secretary's determination or order imposing the penalty shall not be subject to review.

The Secretary may compromise, modify, or remit any civil money penalty which may be, or has been, imposed under this section.

The term “knowingly” means having actual knowledge of or acting with deliberate ignorance of or reckless disregard for the prohibitions under this section.

The Secretary shall issue such regulations as the Secretary deems appropriate to implement this section.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, all civil money penalties collected under this section shall be deposited in the fund established under section 1715z–1a(j) of this title.

In this section, the terms “agent employed to manage the property that has an identity of interest” and “identity of interest agent” mean an entity—

(1) that has management responsibility for a project;

(2) in which the ownership entity, including its general partner or partners (if applicable) and its officers or directors (if applicable), has an ownership interest; and

(3) over which the ownership entity exerts effective control.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §537, as added Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §108(a), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2003; amended Pub. L. 105–65, title V, §561(a), Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1414; Pub. L. 108–447, div. I, title II, §219(b), (c), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3319.)

**2004**—Subsec. (c)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 108–447, §219(b), inserted “other revenues, or contract rights,” after “rents,”.

Subsec. (c)(1)(B)(x). Pub. L. 108–447, §219(c), amended cl. (x) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (x) read as follows: “Failure to furnish the Secretary, by the expiration of the 60-day period beginning on the 1st day after the completion of each fiscal year, with a complete annual financial report based upon an examination of the books and records of the mortgagor prepared and certified to by an independent public accountant or a certified public accountant and certified to by an officer of the mortgagor, unless the Secretary has approved an extension of the 60-day period in writing. The Secretary shall approve an extension where the mortgagor demonstrates that failure to comply with this subparagraph is due to events beyond the control of the mortgagor.”

**1997**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–65, §561(a)(1), substituted “on that mortgagor, on a general partner of a partnership mortgagor, or on any officer or director of a corporate mortgagor” for “on that mortgagor”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–65, §561(a)(2)(A), substituted “Other violations” for “Violations of regulatory agreement for which penalty may be imposed” in heading.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 105–65, §561(a)(2)(B)(i), (iv), substituted “violation of this subsection” for “violation of such agreement” before period at end of closing provisions and struck out heading and introductory provisions. Introductory provisions read as follows: “The Secretary may also impose a civil money penalty under this section on any mortgagor of property that includes 5 or more living units and that has a mortgage insured, co-insured, or held pursuant to this chapter for any knowing and material violation of the regulatory agreement executed by the mortgagor, as follows:”.

Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 105–65, §561(a)(2)(B)(i), (ii), added subpar. (A) and redesignated former subpar. (A) as cl. (i) of subpar. (B).

Subsec. (c)(1)(B) to (L). Pub. L. 105–65, §561(a)(2)(B)(i)–(iii), inserted heading and introductory provisions of subpar. (B), redesignated former subpars. (A) to (L) as cls. (i) to (xii) of subpar. (B), respectively, and added cls. (xiii) to (xv).

Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 105–65, §561(a)(3)(A), inserted “, general partner of a partnership mortgagor, officer or director of a corporate mortgagor, or identity of interest agent employed to manage the property” after “mortgagor”.

Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 105–65, §561(a)(3)(B), added par. (5).

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 105–65, §561(a)(4), substituted “an entity or person” for “a mortgagor”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–65, §561(a)(5), (6), substituted “Civil money penalties against multifamily mortgagors, general partners of partnership mortgagors, officers and directors of corporate mortgagors, and certain managing agents” for “Action to collect penalty” in heading and inserted “, general partner of a partnership mortgagor, officer or director of a corporate mortgagor, or identity of interest agent employed to manage the property” after “mortgagor” in two places in text.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 105–65, §561(a)(7), added subsec. (k).

Section 561(c) of Pub. L. 105–65 provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply only with respect to—

“(1) violations that occur on or after the effective date of the final regulations implementing the amendments made by this section; and

“(2) in the case of a continuing violation (as determined by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development), any portion of a violation that occurs on or after that date.”

Section 108(b) of Pub. L. 101–235 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [enacting this section] shall apply only with respect to violations referred to in the amendment that occur on or after the effective date of this section [Dec. 15, 1989].”

Section 561(b) of Pub. L. 105–65 provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

With respect to fiscal year 1989 and for every fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall make available to the public a financial statement of the insurance funds established under this chapter that will present their financial condition on a cash and accrual basis, consistent with generally accepted accounting principles. Each financial statement shall be audited by an independent accounting firm selected by the Secretary and the results of such audit shall be made available to the public.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §538, as added Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §131, Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2026.)

(1) In connection with any examination of a mortgagee approved by the Secretary pursuant to this chapter, the Secretary shall assess the performance of the mortgagee in meeting the requirements of sections 1709(t),1 1715n(a)(7)(B),1 and 1735f–13 of this title. Where the Secretary determines that a mortgagee is not in compliance with these requirements, the Secretary shall refer the matter to the Mortgagee Review Board for investigation and appropriate action.

(2) Not later than 180 days after November 28, 1990, the Secretary shall by notice establish a procedure under which (A) any person may file a request that the Secretary determine whether a mortgagee is in compliance with sections 1709(t),1 1715n(a)(7)(B),1 and 1735f–13 of this title, (B) the Secretary shall inform the person of the disposition of the request, and (C) the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register the disposition of any case referred by the Secretary to the Mortgagee Review Board. Such procedures shall be established by regulation under section 553 of title 5. The Secretary shall issue regulations based on the initial notice before the expiration of the 8-month period beginning on the date of the notice.

(3) Omitted.

The Secretary shall continually monitor and undertake a thorough review of the implementation of this section to assess the impact of the section on the lending practices of mortgagees and the availability of mortgages insured under this chapter. The Secretary shall monitor the availability of credit, the number and type of lenders participating in the program, whether there is any change in the composition or practices of such lenders and any other factors the Secretary considers appropriate. The Secretary shall submit to the Congress findings detailing the results of such monitoring and review not later than 18 months after November 28, 1990.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §539, as added Pub. L. 101–625, title III, §330(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4139.)

Section 1709(t) of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), (2), was redesignated section 1709(u) of this title by Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title II, §209(a)(1)], Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1441, 1441A–25.

Section 1715n(a)(7)(B) of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), (2), was redesignated section 1715n(a)(7)(A)(ii) of this title by Pub. L. 107–116, title VI, §615(3), Jan. 10, 2002, 115 Stat. 2225.

Paragraph (3) of subsection (a), which required the Secretary to submit to Congress, not less than annually, a report on actions taken to carry out this section, terminated, effective May 15, 2000, pursuant to section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance. See, also, page 103 of House Document No. 103–7.

1 See References in Text note below.

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall collect and maintain information regarding early defaults on mortgages as provided under this section. The Secretary shall make such information available for public inspection upon request. Information shall be collected quarterly with respect to each applicable collection period (as such term is defined in subsection (c) of this section) and shall be available for inspection not more than 30 days after the conclusion of the calendar quarter relating to each such period. Information shall first be made available under this section for the applicable collection period relating to the first calendar quarter ending more than 180 days after November 28, 1990.

Information collected under this section shall include, for each lender originating mortgages during the applicable collection period that are insured pursuant to section 1709 of this title and secured by property in a designated census tract, the following information with respect to such mortgages:

(A) The name of the lender and the number of each designated census tract in which the lender originated 1 or more such mortgages during the applicable collection period.

(B) The total number of such mortgages originated by such lender during the applicable collection period in each designated census tract and the number of mortgages originated each year in each designated census tract.

(C) The total number of defaults and foreclosures on such mortgages during the applicable collection period in each designated census tract and the number of defaults and foreclosures in each designated census tract in each year of the period.

(D) For each designated census tract, the percentage of such lender's total insured mortgages originated during each year of the applicable collection period (with respect to properties within such census tract) on which defaults or foreclosures have occurred during the applicable collection period.

(E) The total of all such originations, defaults, and foreclosures on insured mortgages originated by such lender during the applicable collection period for all designated census tracts and the percentage of the total number of such lender's insured mortgage originations on which defaults or foreclosures have occurred during the applicable collection period.

Information collected under this section shall also include the following:

(A) For each lender referred to under paragraph (1), the total number of insured mortgages originated by the lender secured by properties not located in a designated census tract, the total number of defaults and foreclosures on such mortgages, and the percentage of such mortgages originated on which defaults or foreclosures occurred during the applicable collection period.

(B) For each designated census tract, the total number of mortgages originated during the applicable collection period that are insured pursuant to section 1709 of this title, the number of defaults and foreclosures occurring on such mortgages during such period, and the percentage of the total insured mortgage originations during the period on which defaults or foreclosures occurred.

The Secretary shall submit to the Congress annually a report containing the information collected and maintained under subsection (b) of this section for the relevant year.

For purposes of this section:

The term “applicable collection period” means the 5-year period ending on the last day of the calendar quarter for which information under this section is collected.

The term “designated census tract” means a census tract located within a metropolitan statistical area, as defined pursuant to regulations issued by the Secretary of Commerce.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §540, as added Pub. L. 101–625, title III, §335(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4142.)

Section 335(b) of Pub. L. 101–625 provided that: “During the period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990] and ending on the date of the initial availability of information under section 540 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1735f–18] (as added by subsection (a)), the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall make publicly available all reports regarding Default/Claim Rates per Regional Office for Fiscal Year 1990 Endorsements that are produced by the Department of Housing and Urban Development during such period.”

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if the Secretary is requested to accept assignment of a mortgage insured by the Secretary that covers a multifamily housing project (as such term is defined in section 1701z–11(b) of this title) or a health care facility (including a nursing home, intermediate care facility, or board and care home (as those terms are defined in section 1715w of this title), a hospital (as that term is defined in section 1715z–7 of this title), or a group practice facility (as that term is defined in section 1749aaa–5 of this title)) and the Secretary determines that partial payment would be less costly to the Federal Government than other reasonable alternatives for maintaining the low-income character of the project, or for keeping the health care facility operational to serve community needs, the Secretary may request the mortgagee, in lieu of assignment, to—

(1) accept partial payment of the claim under the mortgage insurance contract; and

(2) recast the mortgage, under such terms and conditions as the Secretary may determine.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary, in connection with a mortgage restructuring under section 514 of the Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act of 1997, may make a one time, nondefault partial or full payment of claim under one or more mortgage insurance contracts, which shall include a determination by the Secretary or the participating administrative entity, in accordance with the Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act of 1997, of the market value of the project and a restructuring of the mortgage, under such terms and conditions as are permitted by section 517(a) of such Act.

As a condition to a partial claim payment under this section, the mortgagor shall agree to repay to the Secretary the amount of such payment and such obligation shall be secured by a second mortgage on the property on such terms and conditions as the Secretary may determine.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §541, as added Pub. L. 103–233, title I, §101(e), Apr. 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 357; amended Pub. L. 105–65, title II, §210, title V, §523(b), Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1366, 1406; Pub. L. 106–74, title II, §213(a), Oct. 20, 1999, 113 Stat. 1073.)

The Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act of 1997, referred to in subsec. (b), is title V of Pub. L. 105–65, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1384. Sections 514 and 517(a) of the Act are set out as a note under section 1437f of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1997 Amendment note set out under section 1701 of this title and Tables.

**1999**—Pub. L. 106–74, §213(a)(1), substituted “defaulted mortgages and in connection with mortgage restructuring” for “multifamily housing projects and health care facilities” in section catchline.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–74, §213(a)(2), substituted “partial or full payment of claim under one or more mortgage insurance contracts” for “partial payment of the claim under the mortgage insurance contract”.

**1997**—Pub. L. 105–65, §210(1), inserted “and health care facilities” after “housing projects” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–65, §523(b)(1), substituted “Defaulted mortgages” for “Authority” in heading.

Pub. L. 105–65, §210(2)(B), inserted “or for keeping the health care facility operational to serve community needs,” after “character of the project,” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 105–65, §210(2)(A), which directed the insertion, in introductory provisions, of “or a health care facility (including a nursing home, intermediate care facility, or board and care home (as those terms are defined in section 1715w of this title), a hospital (as that term is defined in section 1715z–7 of this title), or a group practice facility (as that term is defined in section 1749aaa–5 of this title))” after “section 1701z–11(b) of this title”, was executed by inserting the language after “section 1701z–11(b) of this title)” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 105–65, §523(b)(2), (3), added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (c).

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 1994 and 1995, to be allocated in any manner that the Secretary determines appropriate, for the following costs incurred in conjunction with programs authorized under the General Insurance Fund, as provided by section 1735c of this title, and the Special Risk Insurance Fund, as provided by section 1715z–3 of this title:

(1) The cost to the Government, as defined in section 661a 1 of title 2, of new insurance commitments.

(2) The cost to the Government, as defined in section 661a 1 of title 2, of modifications to existing loans, loan guarantees, or insurance commitments.

(3) The cost to the Government, as defined in section 661a 1 of title 2, of loans provided under section 1701z–11(f) of this title.

(4) The costs of the rehabilitation of multifamily housing projects (as defined in section 1701z–11(b) of this title) upon disposition by the Secretary.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §542, as added Pub. L. 103–233, title I, §105(c), Apr. 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 363.)

Section 661a of title 2, referred to in pars. (1) to (3), was in the original “section 502 of the Congressional Budget Act”, which was translated as meaning “section 502 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

1 See References in Text note below.

For the purposes of this section—

(1) The term “mortgage” means a mortgage which (A) is insured under the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], or (B) secures a home loan guaranteed or insured under the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 or chapter 37 of title 38.

(2) The term “Federal mortgage agency” means—

(A) The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development when used in connection with mortgages insured under the National Housing Act, and

(B) the Secretary of Veterans Affairs when used in connection with mortgages securing home loans guaranteed or insured under the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 or chapter 37 of title 38.

(3) The term “distressed mortgagor” means an individual who—

(A) was employed by the Federal Government at, or was assigned as a serviceman to, a military base or other Federal installation and whose employment or service at such base or installation was terminated subsequent to November 1, 1964, as the result of the closing (in whole or in part) of such base or installation; and

(B) is the owner-occupant of a dwelling situated at or near such base or installation and upon which there is a mortgage securing a loan which is in default because of the inability of such individual to make payments due under such mortgage.

(1) Any distressed mortgagor, for the purpose of avoiding foreclosure of his mortgage, may apply to the appropriate Federal mortgage agency for a determination that suspension of his obligation to make payments due under such mortgage during a temporary period is necessary in order to avoid such foreclosure.

(2) Upon receipt of an application made under this subsection by a distressed mortgagor, the Federal mortgage agency shall issue to such mortgagor a certificate of moratorium if it determines, after consultation with the interested mortgagee, that such action is necessary to avoid foreclosure.

(3) Prior to the issuance to any distressed mortgagor of a certificate of moratorium under paragraph (2), the Federal mortgage agency, the mortgagor, and the mortgagee shall enter into a binding agreement under which—

(A) the mortgagor will be required to make payments to such agency, after the expiration of such certificate, in an aggregate amount equal to the amount paid by such agency on behalf of such mortgagor as provided in subsection (c) of this section, together with interest thereon at a rate not to exceed the rate provided in the mortgage; the manner and time in which such payments shall be made to be determined by the Federal mortgage agency having due regard for the purposes sought to be achieved by this section; and

(B) the Federal mortgage agency will be subrogated to the rights of the mortgagee to the extent of payments made pursuant to such certificate, which rights, however, shall be subject to the prior right of the mortgagee to receive the full amount payable under the mortgage.

(4) Any certificate of moratorium issued under this subsection shall expire on whichever of the following dates is the earliest—

(A) two years from the date on which such certificate was issued;

(B) thirty days after the date on which the mortgagor gives notice in writing to the Federal mortgage agency that he is able to resume his obligation to make payments due under his mortgage; or

(C) thirty days after the date on which the Federal mortgage agency determines that the mortgagor to whom such certificate was issued has ceased to be a distressed mortgagor as defined in subsection (a)(3) of this section.

(1) Whenever a Federal mortgage agency issues a certificate of moratorium to any distressed mortgagor with respect to any mortgage, it shall transmit to the mortgagee a copy of such certificate, together with a notice stating that, while such certificate is in effect, such agency will assume the obligation of such mortgagor to make payments due under the mortgage.

(2) Payments made by any Federal mortgage agency pursuant to a certificate of moratorium issued under this section with respect to the mortgage of any distressed mortgagor may include, in addition to the payments referred to in paragraph (1), an amount equal to the unpaid payments under such mortgage prior to the issuance of such certificate, plus a reasonable allowance for foreclosure costs actually paid by the mortgagee if a foreclosure action was dismissed as a result of the issuance of a moratorium certificate. Payments by the Federal mortgage agency may also include payments of taxes and insurance premiums on the mortgaged property as deemed necessary when these items are not provided for through payments to a tax and insurance account held by the interested mortgagee.

(3) While any certificate of moratorium issued under this section is in effect with respect to the mortgage of any distressed mortgagor, no further payments due under the mortgage shall be required of such mortgagor, and no action (legal or otherwise) shall be taken or maintained by the mortgagee to enforce or collect such payments. Upon the expiration of such certificate, the mortgagor shall again be liable for the payment of all amounts due under the mortgage in accordance with its terms.

(4) Each Federal mortgage agency shall give prompt notice in writing to the interested mortgagor and mortgagee of the expiration of any certificate of moratorium issued by it under this section.

The Federal mortgage agencies are authorized to issue such individual and joint regulations as may be necessary to carry out this section and to insure the uniform administration thereof.

There shall be in the Treasury (1) a fund which shall be available to the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for the purpose of extending financial assistance in behalf of distressed mortgagors as provided in subsection (c) of this section, and for paying administrative expenses incurred in connection with such assistance, and (2) a fund which shall be available to the Secretary of Veterans Affairs for the same purpose, except administrative expenses. The capital of each such fund shall consist of such sums as may, from time to time, be appropriated thereto, and any sums so appropriated shall remain available until expended. Receipts arising from the programs of assistance under subsection (c) of this section shall be credited to the funds from which such assistance was extended. Moneys in either of such funds not needed for current operations, as determined by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, or the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, as the case may be, shall be invested in bonds or other obligations of the United States, or paid into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts.

(Pub. L. 89–117, title I, §107(a)–(e), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 458, 459; Pub. L. 89–754, title X, §1012, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1288; Pub. L. 102–54, §13(d)(3), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 275.)

The National Housing Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, as amended, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1701 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1701 of this title and Tables.

The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, referred to in subsec. (a), is act June 22, 1944, ch. 268, 58 Stat. 284, as amended, which was classified generally to chapter 11C (§693 to 697g) of former Title 38, Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans’ Relief, and was repealed by section 14(87) of Pub. L. 85–857, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1273, the first section of which enacted Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits. For distribution of sections 693 to 697g of former Title 38 to Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits, see Table preceding section 101 of Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

**1991**—Subsecs. (a)(2)(B), (e). Pub. L. 102–54 substituted “Secretary of Veterans Affairs” for “Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs” wherever appearing.

**1966**—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 89–754 substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” for “Federal Housing Commissioner”.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 89–754 redefined as distressed mortgagor, describing in subpar. (A) such a person as an individual whose employment or military service at a military base or other Federal installation was terminated subsequent to Nov. 1, 1964, as the result of closing of such base or installation, formerly defined as an individual who was unemployed, although willing to work, as the result of the closing of a Federal installation, and providing in subpar. (B) for dwelling situated at or near the base or installation and substituting “payments due under such mortgage” for “payments of principal and/or interest under such mortgage”.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 89–754 substituted “payments due under such mortgage” for “payments of principal and/or interest under such mortgage”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 89–754 struck out subpar. (A) providing for determination that mortgagor is not in default with respect to any condition or covenant of the mortgage other than requiring the payment of installments of principal and/or interest under the mortgage and incorporated without subpar. designation provision for determination that such action is necessary to avoid foreclosure, formerly providing in subpar. (B) that such action was the only available means of avoiding foreclosure of such mortgage.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 89–754 substituted in introductory text “the Federal mortgage agency, the mortgagor, and the mortgagee shall enter into a binding agreement” for “the Federal mortgage agency shall require such mortgagor to enter into a binding agreement”, designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), provided for payment of interest at rate not to exceed the rate provided in the mortgage, and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 89–754 increased the period from one to two years in subpar. (A), substituted subpar. (B) provision for expiration date as thirty days after date on which mortgagor gives notice in writing to Federal mortgage agency of ability to resume obligation to make payments due under his mortgage for former provision as the date thirty days after date on which mortgagor to whom certificate was issued ceased to be a distressed mortgagor, now incorporated in subpar. (C), redesignated former subpar. (B) as (C), providing for a determination by the Federal mortgage agency, and struck out former subpar. (C) provision for date on which mortgagor becomes in default with respect to any condition or covenant in his mortgage other than that requiring the payment by him of installments of principal and/or interest under the mortgage.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 89–754 substituted “payments due under the mortgage” for “payments of principal, and, if so specified in the certificate, of interest, under the mortgage”.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 89–754 substituted “may include” for “shall include” and “unpaid payments under such mortgage” for “unpaid principal and interest charges which had accrued and subsequent to the date on which such mortgagor became a distressed mortgagor as defined in subsection (a) of this section”, and authorized payments of reasonable allowance for foreclosure costs actually paid by the mortgagee if a foreclosure action was dismissed as result of issuance of moratorium certificate and taxes and insurance premiums on mortgaged property as deemed necessary when not provided for through payments to a tax and insurance account held by the interested mortgagee.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 89–754 substituted “payments due under the mortgage” for “payments of principal, and, if so specified in the certificate, of interest, under the mortgage”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 89–754 reenacted subsec. (d) without change.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 89–754 substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” for “Federal Housing Commissioner” in two places and made fund available for payment of administrative expenses incurred in connection with assistance to distressed mortgagors and unavailable for payment of administrative expenses of the Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs.

Section, Pub. L. 89–117, title I, §108(a)–(d), (f), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 460, 461, provided for acquisition of property at or near military bases which have been ordered to be closed. See section 3374 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

**1942**—Act May 26, 1942, ch. 319, §14(a), 56 Stat. 305, amended subchapter heading, substituting “WAR” for “DEFENSE”.

As used in this subchapter—

(a) The term “mortgage” means a first mortgage on real estate, in fee simple, or on a leasehold (1) under a lease for not less than ninety-nine years which is renewable; or (2) under a lease having a period of not less than fifty years to run from the date the mortgage was executed; and the term “first mortgage” means such classes of first liens as are commonly given to secure advances on, or the unpaid purchase price of, real estate, under the laws of the State in which the real estate is located, together with the credit instruments, if any, secured thereby.

(b) The term “mortgagee” includes the original lender under a mortgage, and his successors and assigns approved by the Secretary; and the term “mortgagor” includes the original borrower under a mortgage and his successors and assigns.

(c) The term “maturity date” means the date on which the mortgage indebtedness would be extinguished if paid in accordance with periodic payments provided for in the mortgage.

(d) The term “State” includes the several States, and Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VI, §601, as added Mar. 28, 1941, ch. 31, §1, 55 Stat. 55; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; July 14, 1952, ch. 723, §10(a)(2), 66 Stat. 603; Pub. L. 86–70, §10(a), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 142; Pub. L. 86–624, §6, July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 411; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

**1967**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner”.

**1960**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 88–624 struck out “Hawaii,” before “Puerto Rico”.

**1959**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 86–70 struck out “Alaska,” before “Hawaii”.

**1952**—Subsec. (d). Act July 14, 1952, inserted “Guam,” after “District of Columbia,”.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

Section 9 of act Mar. 28, 1941 provided that: “If any provision of this Act [enacting sections 1736 to 1742 of this title, and section 609k of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and amending sections 371, 1430, 1702, 1706, 1707, 1713, and 1715, 1716, 1717 of this title] or the application thereof to any person or circumstances, is held invalid, the remainder of the Act, and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected thereby.”

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VI, §602, as added Mar. 28, 1941, ch. 31, §1, 55 Stat. 55; amended May 26, 1942, ch. 319, §14(b) 56 Stat. 305; June 30, 1947, ch. 166, title II, §206(*l*), 61 Stat. 208; 1947 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §3, eff. July 27, 1947, 12 F.R. 4981, 61 Stat. 954; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59, created the War Housing Insurance Fund.

For establishment of the General Insurance Fund, see section 1735c of this title.

In order to assist in relieving the acute shortage of housing which now exists and to increase the supply of housing accommodations available to veterans of World War II at prices within their reasonable ability to pay, the Secretary is authorized, upon application by the mortgagee, to insure as hereinafter provided any mortgage which is eligible for insurance as hereinafter provided, and, upon such terms as the Secretary may prescribe, to make commitments for the insuring of such mortgages prior to the date of their execution or disbursement thereon: *Provided*, That the aggregate amount of principal obligations of all mortgages insured under this subchapter shall not exceed $6,150,000,000 except that with the approval of the President such aggregate amount may be increased to not to exceed $6,650,000,000: *Provided further*, That no mortgage shall be insured under this section after April 30, 1948, except (A) pursuant to a commitment to insure issued on or before April 30, 1948, or (B) a mortgage given to refinance an existing mortgage insured under this section and which does not exceed the original principal amount and unexpired term of such existing mortgage, and no mortgage shall be insured under section 1743 of this title after March 1, 1950, except (i) pursuant to a commitment to insure issued on or before March 1, 1950, or (ii) a mortgage given to refinance an existing mortgage insured under section 1743 of this title and which does not exceed the original principal amount and unexpired term of such existing mortgage: *Provided further*, That no mortgage shall be insured under section 1743 of this title unless the mortgagor certifies under oath that in selecting tenants for the property covered by the mortgage he will not discriminate against any family by reason of the fact that there are children in the family, and that he will not sell the property while the insurance is in effect unless the purchaser so certifies, such certifications to be filed with the Secretary; and violation of any such certification shall be a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not to exceed $500: *And provided further*, That the Secretary shall, in his discretion, have power to require the availability for rental purposes of properties covered by mortgages insured under this subchapter, in such instances and for such periods of time as he may prescribe.

Notwithstanding the first proviso of this subsection, mortgages may be insured under sections 1744 and 1746 of this title if the aggregate amounts of principal obligations of mortgages insured under said sections plus the aggregate amount of principal obligations of mortgages insured under section 1745 of this title do not exceed the limitation contained in said section 1745 upon the aggregate amount of principal obligations of mortgages insured pursuant to said section.

Notwithstanding the second proviso of this subsection, mortgages otherwise eligible for insurance under section 1743 of this title may be hereafter insured thereunder if the application for such insurance was received by the Department of Housing and Urban Development on or before March 1, 1950, and for such purpose the aggregate amount of principal obligations authorized to be insured under section 1743 of this title is increased by not to exceed $500,000,000.

To be eligible for insurance under this section a mortgage shall—

(1) have been made to, and be held by, a mortgagee approved by the Secretary as responsible and able to service the mortgage properly;

(2) involve a principal obligation (including such initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees as the Secretary shall approve) in an amount not to exceed 90 per centum of the Secretary's estimate of the value (as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance), except that as to applications received by the Secretary on or before March 31, 1948, the mortgage may involve a principal obligation in an amount not to exceed 90 per centum of the Secretary's estimate of the necessary current cost (including the land and such initial service charges and such appraisal, inspection, and other fees as the Secretary shall approve); of a property, urban, suburban, or rural, upon which there is located a dwelling designed principally for residential use for not more than four families in the aggregate, which is approved for mortgage insurance prior to the beginning of construction. The principal obligation of such mortgage shall in no event, however, exceed—

(A) $5,400 if such dwelling is designed for a single-family residence, or

(B) $7,500 if such dwelling is designed for a two-family residence, or

(C) $9,500 if such dwelling is designed for a three-family residence, or

(D) $12,000 if such dwelling is designed for a four-family residence:

*Provided*, That the Secretary may, if he finds that at any time or in any particular geographical area it is not feasible, within such limitations of maximum mortgage amounts, to construct dwellings without sacrifice of sound standards of construction, design, or livability, prescribe by regulation or otherwise higher maximum mortgage amounts not to exceed—

(A) $8,100 if such dwelling is designed for a single-family residence, or

(B) $12,500 if such dwelling is designed for a two-family residence, or

(C) $15,750 if such dwelling is designed for a three-family residence, or

(D) $18,000 if such dwelling is designed for a four-family residence.

(3) have a maturity satisfactory to the Secretary but not to exceed twenty-five years from the date of the insurance of the mortgage;

(4) contain complete amortization provisions satisfactory to the Secretary;

(5) bear interest (exclusive of premium charges for insurance) at not to exceed 4 per centum per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time;

(6) provide, in a manner satisfactory to the Secretary, for the application of the mortgagor's periodic payments (exclusive of the amount allocated to interest and to the premium charge which is required for mortgage insurance as herein provided) to amortization of the principal of the mortgage; and

(7) contain such terms and provisions with respect to insurance, repairs, alterations, payment of taxes, default reserves, delinquency charges, foreclosure proceedings, anticipation of maturity, additional and secondary liens, and other matters as the Secretary may in his discretion prescribe.

The Secretary is authorized to fix a premium charge for the insurance of mortgages under this subchapter but in the case of any mortgage such charge shall not be less than an amount equivalent to one-half of 1 per centum per annum nor more than an amount equivalent to 1½ per centum per annum of the amount of the principal obligation of the mortgage outstanding at any time, without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments. Such premium charges shall be payable by the mortgagee, either in cash, or in debentures issued by the Secretary under this subchapter at par plus accrued interest, in such manner as may be prescribed by the Secretary: *Provided*, That the Secretary may require the payment of one or more such premium charges at the time the mortgage is insured, at such discount rate as he may prescribe not in excess of the interest rate specified in the mortgage. If the Secretary finds, upon the presentation of a mortgage for insurance and the tender of the initial premium charge and such other charges as the Secretary may require, that the mortgage complies with the provisions of this subchapter, such mortgage may be accepted for insurance by endorsement or otherwise as the Secretary may prescribe; but no mortgage shall be accepted for insurance under this subchapter unless the Secretary finds that the project with respect to which the mortgage is executed is an acceptable risk in view of the shortage of housing referred to in this section. In the event that the principal obligation of any mortgage accepted for insurance under this subchapter is paid in full prior to the maturity date, the Secretary is further authorized in his discretion to require the payment by the mortgagee of an adjusted premium charge in such amount as the Secretary determines to be equitable, but not in excess of the aggregate amount of the premium charges that the mortgagee would otherwise have been required to pay if the mortgage had continued to be insured under this subchapter until such maturity date; and in the event that the principal obligation is paid in full as herein set forth, the Secretary is authorized to refund to the mortgagee for the account of the mortgagor all, or such portion as he shall determine to be equitable, of the current unearned premium charges theretofore paid. The Secretary shall prescribe such procedures as in his judgment are necessary to secure to veterans of World War II, and their immediate families, and to hardship cases as defined by the Secretary, preference or priority of opportunity to purchase or rent properties covered by mortgages insured under this subchapter.

Any contract of insurance heretofore or hereafter executed by the Secretary under this subchapter shall be conclusive evidence of the eligibility of the mortgage for insurance, and the validity of any contract of insurance so executed shall be incontestable in the hands of an approved mortgagee from the date of the execution of such contract, except for fraud or misrepresentation on the part of such approved mortgagee.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VI, §603, as added Mar. 28, 1941, ch. 31, §1, 55 Stat. 56; amended Sept. 2, 1941, ch. 410, 55, Stat. 686; May 26, 1942, ch. 319, §§1–4, 14(b), 56 Stat. 301, 305; Mar. 23, 1943, ch. 21, §1, 57 Stat. 42; Oct. 15, 1943, ch. 259, §1, 57 Stat. 571; June 30, 1944, ch. 334, 58 Stat. 648; Mar. 31, 1945, ch. 48, §1, 59 Stat. 47; May 22, 1946, ch. 268, §10(a)–(d), 60 Stat. 212, 213; June 30, 1947, ch. 163, title I, §2, 61 Stat. 193; Aug. 5, 1947, ch. 495, §1, 61 Stat. 777; Dec. 27, 1947, ch. 525, §1, 61 Stat. 945; Mar. 31, 1948, ch. 165, §1(a)–(c), 62 Stat. 101; Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title I, §101(a), (k)(2), 62 Stat. 1268, 1273; Mar. 30, 1949, ch. 42, title III, §304, 63 Stat. 29; July 15, 1949, ch. 338, title II, §201(3), 63 Stat. 421; Aug. 30, 1949, ch. 524, 63 Stat. 681; Oct. 25, 1949, ch. 729, §1(4), 63 Stat. 905; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §§119, 122, 64 Stat. 57, 59; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(1), (3), (4), (n), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17, 19.)

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a), (b)(1), (2), (b)(2)(D), (b)(3), (4), (6), (7), (c), and (d).

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(1), (n), substituted “Department of Housing and Urban Development” for “Federal Housing Administration” and “by” for “in any field office of” after “received”, in third par., respectively.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(4), substituted “Secretary's” for “Commissioner's” wherever appearing.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, §122, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (a). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §119, added last two pars.

**1949**—Subsec. (a). Joint Res. Oct. 25, 1949, substituted “$6,150,000,000” for “$5,750,000,000” and “$6,650,000,000” for “$6,150,000,000” in first proviso, and extended section to “March 1, 1950” by substituting the same for “October 31, 1949” in second proviso.

Act Aug. 30, 1949, extended section from “August 31, 1949” to “October 31, 1949”.

Act July 15, 1949, extended section from “June 30, 1949” to “August 31, 1949”.

Act Mar. 30, 1949, extended section from “March 30, 1949” to “June 30, 1949”.

**1948**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 10, 1948, struck out “$5,350,000,000” and inserted in lieu thereof “$5,750,000,000 except that with the approval of the President such aggregate amount may be increased to not to exceed $6,150,000,000”, and struck out the second proviso and inserted in lieu thereof the present second proviso.

Act Mar. 31, 1948, increased the insurance authorization from $4,950,000,000 to $5,350,000,000, and provided for an extension from Mar. 31, 1948, to Apr. 30, 1948.

Subsec. (b)(2). Act Mar. 31, 1948, changed the emergency necessary current-cost formula to the appraised- value formula.

Subsec. (c). Act Aug. 10, 1948, struck out of next to last sentence “and a mortgage on the same property is accepted for insurance at the time of such payment”.

**1947**—Subsec. (a). Act Dec. 27, 1947, increased the mortgage obligation from $4,000,000,000 to $4,450,000,000, and increased the amount of obligation from $4,200,000,000 to $4,950,000,000 with the President's approval.

Act Aug. 5, 1947, increased mortgage obligation from $2,800,000,000 to $4,000,000,000 and the amount of obligation from $3,800,000,000 to $4,200,000,000 with the President's approval.

Act June 30, 1947, extended limitation dates in second proviso from June 30, 1947, to Mar. 31, 1948.

**1946**—Subsec. (a). Act May 22, 1946, amended provisions generally, and among other changes, increased the mortgage obligation from $1,800,000,000 to $2,800,000,000, and extended the limitation date from July 1, 1946, to June 30, 1947.

Subsec. (b)(2). Act May 22, 1946, amended provisions generally, and among other changes, inserted proviso.

Subsec. (b)(5). Act May 22, 1946, lowered interest rate from 5 to 4 per centum and struck out provision allowing Administrator to increase the rate in certain cases.

Subsec. (c). Act May 22, 1946, substituted “shortage of housing” for “emergency” in third sentence and amended last sentence.

**1945**—Subsec. (a). Act Mar. 31, 1945, increased the limit of obligations from $1,700,000,000 to $1,800,000,000 and extended the limitation date from 1945 to 1946.

**1944**—Subsec. (a). Act June 30, 1944, substituted “$1,700,000,000” for “$1,600,000,000” and inserted the provision contained in cl. (B).

**1943**—Subsec. (a). Act Oct. 15, 1943, substituted “$1,600,000,000” for “$1,200,000,000” and “July 1, 1945” for “July 1, 1944”.

Act Mar. 23, 1943, substituted “$1,200,000,000” for “$800,000,000” and “July 1, 1944” for “July 1, 1943”.

**1942**—Act May 21, 1942, §14(b), substituted “War” and “war” for “Defense” and “defense” wherever occurring.

Subsec. (a). Act May 26, 1942, §1, substituted “$800,000,000” for “$300,000,000”, among other changes.

Subsec. (b)(2). Act May 26, 1942, §2, increased limitations on amount of obligations.

Subsec. (b)(3). Act May 26, 1942, §3, substituted “twenty-five” for “twenty”.

Subsec. (c). Act May 26, 1942, §4, amended subsec. (c).

**1941**—Subsec. (a). Act Sept. 2, 1941, substituted “$300,000,000” for “$100,000,000”.

Amendment by act July 15, 1949, effective June 30, 1949, see section 202 of that act, set out as a note under section 1703 of this title.

Section 2 of act Dec. 27, 1947, provided: “Title VI of the National Housing Act, as amended [this subchapter], shall be employed to assist in maintaining a high volume of new residential construction without supporting unnecessary or artificial costs. In estimating necessary current cost for the purposes of said title, the Federal Housing Commissioner shall therefore use every feasible means to assure that such estimates will approximate as closely as possible the actual costs of efficient building operations.”

In any case in which the mortgagee under a mortgage insured under section 1738 of this title shall have foreclosed and taken possession of the mortgaged property, in accordance with regulations of, and within a period to be determined by, the Secretary, or shall, with the consent of the Secretary, have otherwise acquired such property from the mortgagor after default, the mortgagee shall be entitled to receive the benefit of the insurance as hereinafter provided, upon (1) the prompt conveyance to the Secretary of title to the property which meets the requirements of rules and regulations of the Secretary in force at the time the mortgage was insured, and which is evidenced in the manner prescribed by such rules and regulations; and (2) the assignment to him of all claims of the mortgagee against the mortgagor or others, arising out of the mortgage transaction or foreclosure proceedings, except such claims as may have been released with the consent of the Secretary. Upon such conveyance and assignment the obligation of the mortgagee to pay the premium charges for insurance shall cease and the Secretary shall, subject to the cash adjustment hereinafter provided, issue to the mortgagee debentures having a total face value equal to the value of the mortgage and a certificate of claim, as hereinafter provided. For the purposes of this subsection, the value of the mortgage shall be determined, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary, by adding to the amount of the original principal obligation of the mortgage which was unpaid on the date of the institution of foreclosure proceedings, or on the date of the acquisition of the property after default other than by foreclosure, the amount of all payments which have been made by the mortgagee for taxes, ground rents, and water rates, which are liens prior to the mortgage, special assessments which are noted on the application for insurance or which become liens after the insurance of the mortgage, insurance of the mortgaged property, and any mortgage insurance premiums and by deducting from such total amount any amount received on account of the mortgage after either of such dates, and any amount received as rent or other income from the property, less reasonable expenses incurred in handling the property, after either of such dates: *Provided*, That with respect to mortgages which are foreclosed before there shall have been paid on account of the principal obligation of the mortgage a sum equal to 10 per centum of the appraised value of the property as of the date the mortgage was accepted for insurance, there may be included in the debentures issued by the Secretary, on account of the cost of foreclosure (or of acquiring the property by other means) actually paid by the mortgagee and approved by the Secretary an amount—

(1) not in excess of 2 per centum of the unpaid principal of the mortgage as of the date of the institution of foreclosure proceedings and not in excess of $75; or

(2) not in excess of two-thirds of such cost, whichever is the greater: *Provided further*, That with respect to any debentures issued on or after September 2, 1964, the Secretary may, with the consent of the mortgagee (in lieu of issuing a certificate of claim as provided in subsection (e) of this section), include in debentures, in addition to amounts otherwise allowed for such costs, an amount not to exceed one-third of the total foreclosure, acquisition, and conveyance costs actually paid by the mortgagee and approved by the Secretary, but in no event may the total allowance for such costs exceed the amount actually paid by the mortgagee: *And provided further*, That with respect to mortgages to which the provisions of sections 532 and 536 of the Appendix to title 50 1 apply and which are insured under section 1738 of this title and subject to such regulations and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, there shall be included in the debentures an amount which the Secretary finds to be sufficient to compensate the mortgagee for any loss which it may have sustained on account of interest on debentures and the payment of insurance premiums by reason of its having postponed the institution of foreclosure proceedings or the acquisition of the property by other means during any part or all of the period of such military service and three months thereafter.

The Secretary may at any time, under such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, consent to the release of the mortgagor from his liability under the mortgage or the credit instrument secured thereby, or consent to the release of parts of the mortgaged property from the lien of the mortgage: *Provided*, That the mortgagor shall not be released from such liability in any case until the Secretary is satisfied that the mortgaged property has been sold to a purchaser satisfactory to the Secretary, and that such purchaser has paid on account of the purchase price, in cash or its equivalent, at least 10 per centum of the Secretary's estimate of the value as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance.

Debentures issued under this subchapter shall be in such form and denominations in multiples of $50, shall be subject to such terms and conditions, and shall include such provisions for redemption, if any, as may be prescribed by the Secretary with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, and may be in coupon or registered form. Any difference between the value of the mortgage determined as herein provided and the aggregate face value of the debentures issued, not to exceed $350, shall be adjusted by the payment of cash by the Secretary to the mortgagee from the General Insurance Fund.

The debenture issued under this section to any mortgagee shall be executed in the name of the General Insurance Fund as obligor, shall be signed by the Secretary by either his written or engraved signature, and shall be negotiable. All such debentures shall be dated as of the date foreclosure proceedings were instituted, or the property was otherwise acquired by the mortgagee after default, except that debentures issued pursuant to claims for insurance filed on or after September 2, 1964, shall be dated as of the date of default or as of such later date as the Secretary, in his discretion, may establish by regulation. The debentures shall bear interest from such date at a rate determined by the Secretary, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, at the time the mortgage was accepted for insurance, but not to exceed 3 per centum per annum, payable semiannually on the 1st day of January and the 1st day of July of each year. Such debentures as are issued in exchange for property covered by mortgages accepted for insurance under this section on or after May 26, 1942, shall mature ten years after the date thereof. Such debentures as are issued in exchange for property covered by mortgages accepted for insurance under this section prior to May 26, 1942, shall mature three years after the 1st day of July following the maturity date of the mortgage on the property in exchange for which the debentures were issued: *Provided*, That any mortgagee entitled to receive such debentures may elect to receive in lieu thereof debentures which shall mature ten years after the date thereof. Such debentures shall be exempt, both as to principal and interest, from all taxation (except surtaxes, estate, inheritance, and gift taxes) now or hereafter imposed by any Territory, dependency, or possession of the United States, or by the District of Columbia, or by any State, county, municipality, or local taxing authority, and shall be paid out of the General Insurance Fund, which shall be primarily liable therefor, and they shall be fully and unconditionally guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States, and such guaranty shall be expressed on the face of the debentures. In the event that the General Insurance Fund fails to pay upon demand, when due, the principal of or interest on any debentures issued under this subchapter, the Secretary of the Treasury shall pay to the holders the amount thereof which is authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, and thereupon to the extent of the amount so paid the Secretary of the Treasury shall succeed to all the rights of the holders of such debentures.

The certificate of claim issued by the Secretary to any mortgagee shall be for an amount which the Secretary determines to be sufficient, when added to the face value of the debentures issued and the cash adjustment paid to the mortgagee, to equal the amount which the mortgagee would have received if, at the time of the conveyance to the Secretary of the property covered by the mortgage, the mortgagor had redeemed the property and paid in full all obligations under the mortgage and a reasonable amount for necessary expenses incurred by the mortgagee in connection with the foreclosure proceedings, or the acquisition of the mortgaged property otherwise, and the conveyance thereof to the Secretary. Each such certificate of claim shall provide that there shall accrue to the holder of such certificate with respect to the face amount of such certificate, an increment at the rate of 3 per centum per annum which shall not be compounded. The amount to which the holder of any such certificate shall be entitled shall be determined as provided in subsection (f) of this section.

(1) If, after deducting (in such manner and amount as the Secretary shall determine to be equitable and in accordance with sound accounting practice) the expenses incurred by the Secretary, the net amount realized from any property conveyed to the Secretary under this section and the claims assigned therewith exceed the face value of the debentures issued and the cash paid in exchange for such property plus all interest paid on such debentures, such excess shall be divided as follows:

(i) If such excess is greater than the total amount payable under the certificate of claim issued in connection with such property, the Secretary shall pay to the holder of such certificate the full amount so payable, and any excess remaining thereafter shall be paid to the mortgagor of such property: *Provided*, That on and after September 2, 1964, any excess remaining after payment to the holder of the full amount of the certificate of claim shall be retained by the Secretary and credited to the General Insurance Fund; and

(ii) If such excess is equal to or less than the total amount payable under such certificate of claim, the Secretary shall pay to the holder of such certificate the full amount of such excess.

(2) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this section, the Secretary is authorized, with the consent of the mortgagee or mortgagor, as the case may be, to effect the settlement of certificates of claim and refunds at any time after the sale or transfer of title to the property conveyed to the Secretary under this section and without awaiting the final liquidation of such property for the purpose of determining the net amount to be realized therefrom: *Provided*, That the settlement authority created by the Housing Amendments of 1955 shall be terminated with respect to any certificate of claim outstanding as of September 2, 1964.

(3) With the consent of the holder thereof, the Secretary is authorized to settle, without awaiting the final liquidation of the Secretary's interest in the property, any certificate of claim issued pursuant to subsection (e) of this section, with respect to which a settlement had not been effected prior to September 2, 1964, by making payment in cash to the holder thereof of such amount, not exceeding the face amount of the certificate of claim, together with the accrued interest increment thereon, as the Secretary may consider appropriate: *Provided*, That in any case where the certificate of claim is settled in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph, any amounts realized after September 2, 1964, in the liquidation of the Secretary's interest in the property, shall be retained by the Secretary and credited to the applicable insurance fund.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law relating to the acquisition, handling, or disposal of real property by the United States, the Secretary shall have power to deal with, complete, rent, renovate, modernize, insure, make contracts or establish suitable agencies for the management of, or sell for cash or credit, in his discretion, any properties conveyed to him in exchange for debentures and certificates of claim as provided in this subchapter; and notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall also have power to pursue to final collection, by way of compromise or otherwise, all claims against mortgagors assigned by mortgagees to the Secretary as provided in this subchapter, except that no suit or action shall be commenced by the Secretary against any such mortgagor on account of any claim so assigned with respect to mortgages insured under section 1738 of this title unless such suit or action is commenced within six months after the assignment of such claim to the Secretary, or within six months after the last payment was made to the Secretary with respect to the claim so assigned, whichever is later: *Provided*, That section 6101 of title 41 shall not be construed to apply to any contract for hazard insurance, or to any purchase or contract for services or supplies on account of such property if the amount thereof does not exceed $1,000. The power to convey and to execute in the name of the Secretary deeds of conveyances, deeds of release, assignments, and satisfactions of mortgages, and any other written instrument relating to real property or any interest therein heretofore or hereafter acquired by the Secretary pursuant to the provisions of this chapter, may be exercised by an officer appointed by him, without the execution of any express delegation of power or power of attorney: *Provided*, That nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prevent the Secretary from delegating such power by order or by power of attorney in his discretion, to any officer, agent, or employee he may appoint.

No mortgagee or mortgagor shall have and no certificate of claim shall be construed to give to any mortgagee or mortgagor, any right or interest in any property conveyed to the Secretary or in any claim assigned to him; nor shall the Secretary owe any duty to any mortgagee or mortgagor with respect to the handling or disposal of any such property or the collection of any such claim.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VI, §604, as added Mar. 28, 1941, ch. 31, §1, 55 Stat. 58; amended May 26, 1942, ch. 319, §§5–8, 14(b), 56 Stat. 302, 305; Oct. 14, 1943, ch. 258, §2, 57 Stat. 570; May 22, 1946, ch. 268, §10(e), 60 Stat. 213; Mar. 31, 1948, ch. 165, §1(d), 62 Stat. 101; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title I, §104, 69 Stat. 637; Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §105(d), (f), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 772, 774; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(p), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 506; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (4), (d), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17, 18.)

The General Insurance Fund, referred to in text, was established by section 1735c of this title.

Sections 532 and 536 of the Appendix to title 50, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), was in the original a reference to sections 302 and 306, respectively, of the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Civil Relief Act of 1940, Oct. 17, 1940, ch. 888, 54 Stat. 1178. That Act was amended generally and renamed the “Servicemembers Civil Relief Act” by Pub. L. 108–189, §1, Dec. 19, 2003, 117 Stat. 2835. As so amended, provisions of the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act that are similar to those contained in former sections 532 and 536 of the Appendix to title 50 are now contained in sections 533 and 538 of the Appendix to Title 50.

The Housing Amendments of 1955, referred to in subsec. (f)(2), is act Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, 69 Stat. 635, as amended. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1955 Amendments note set out under section 1701 of this title and Tables.

In subsec. (g), “section 6101 of title 41” substituted for “section 3709 of the Revised Statutes” on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a), (a)(2), (b) to (e), (f)(1), (f)(1)(i), (ii), (f)(2), (3), (g), and (h).

Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(4), substituted “Secretary's” for “Commissioner's” wherever appearing in subsecs. (b) and (f)(3) of this section.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(d), substituted “an officer” for “the Commissioner or by any Assistant Commissioner”.

**1965**—Subsecs. (c), (d), (f)(1)(i). Pub. L. 89–117 substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “War Housing Insurance Fund”.

**1964**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 88–560, §105(d)(1), (f), inserted “*Provided further*, That with respect to any debentures issued on or after September 2, 1964, the Commissioner may, with the consent of the mortgagee (in lieu of issuing a certificate of claim as provided in subsection (e)), include in debentures, in addition to amounts otherwise allowed for such costs, an amount not to exceed one-third of the total foreclosure, acquisition, and conveyance costs actually paid by the mortgagee and approved by the Commissioner, but in no event may the total allowance for such costs exceed the amount actually paid by the mortgagee:” and struck out of third sentence “paid after either of such dates” after “mortgage insurance premiums”, respectively.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 88–560, §105(d)(2), increased limitation on difference between value of mortgage and aggregate face value of debentures issued from $50 to $350.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 88–560, §105(d)(3), substituted in second sentence “default, except that debentures issued pursuant to claims for insurance filed on or after September 2, 1964, shall be dated as of the date of default or as of such later date as the Commissioner, in his discretion, may establish by regulation. The debentures” for “default, and”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 88–560, §105(d)(4)–(8), designated introductory par. as par. (1) and substituted “If, after deducting (in such manner and amount as the Commissioner shall determine to be equitable and in accordance with sound accounting practice) the expenses incurred by the Commissioner, the net amount realized from any property conveyed to the Commissioner under this section and the claims assigned therewith exceed the face value” for “If the net amount realized from any property conveyed to the Commissioner under this section and the claims assigned therewith, after deducting all expenses incurred by the Commissioner in handling, dealing with, and disposing of such property and in collecting such claims, exceeds the face value”; redesignated former par. (1) as (i) and substituted “property: *Provided*, That on and after September 2, 1964, any excess remaining after payment to the holder of the full amount of the certificate of claim shall be retained by the Commissioner and credited to the War Housing Insurance Fund; and” for “property; and”; redesignated former par. (2) as (ii); designated concluding par. as par. (2) and inserted proviso; and added par. (3), respectively.

**1955**—Subsec. (f). Act Aug. 11, 1955, authorized the Commissioner to effect the settlement of certificates of claim and refunds at any time after the sale or transfer of title to the property.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

**1948**—Subsec. (b). Act Mar. 31, 1948, substituted “value” for “necessary current cost”.

**1946**—Subsec. (b). Act May 22, 1946, substituted “Administrator's estimate of the necessary current cost” after “10 per centum of the” for “appraised value of such property as determined by the Administrator”.

**1943**—Subsec. (a). Act Oct. 14, 1943, inserted proviso dealing with losses due to nonforeclosure of mortgages to last sentence.

**1942**—Act May 26, 1942, §14(b), substituted “War” and “war” for “Defense” and “defense” wherever occurring.

Subsec. (a). Act May 26, 1942, §5, substituted “section 1738 of this title” for “this subchapter”.

Subsec. (c). Act May 26, 1942, §6, substituted “subchapter” for “section”.

Subsec. (d). Act May 26, 1942, §7, amended subsec. (d).

Subsec. (g). Act May 26, 1942, §8, substituted “subchapter” for “section” and inserted “with respect to mortgages insured under section 1738 of this title”.

1 See References in Text note below.

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VI, §605, as added Mar. 28, 1941, ch. 31, §1, 55 Stat. 61; amended May 26, 1942, ch. 319, §§9, 14(b), 56 Stat. 303, 305; 1947 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §3, eff. July 27, 1947, 12 F.R. 4981, 61 Stat. 954; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59, provided for disposition and investment of surplus money in the War Housing Insurance Fund and for credit and payment of charges and fees.

Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to exempt any real property acquired and held by the Secretary under this subchapter from taxation by any State or political subdivision thereof, to the same extent, according to its value, as other real property is taxed.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VI, §606, as added Mar. 28, 1941, ch. 31, §1, 55 Stat. 61; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner”.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator”.

The Secretary is authorized and directed to make such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VI, §607, as added Mar. 28, 1941, ch. 31, §1, 55 Stat. 61; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner”.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator”.

In addition to mortgages insured under section 1738 of this title, the Secretary is authorized to insure mortgages as defined in section 1736 of this title (including advances on such mortgages during construction) which are eligible for insurance as hereinafter provided.

To be eligible for insurance under this section a mortgage shall meet the following conditions:

(1) The mortgaged property shall be held by a mortgagor approved by the Secretary. The Secretary may, in his discretion, require such mortgagor to be regulated or restricted as to rents or sales, charges, capital structure, rate of return, and methods of operation. The Secretary may make such contracts with, and acquire for not to exceed $100 stock or interest in any such mortgagor, as the Secretary may deem necessary to render effective such restriction or regulation. Such stock or interest shall be paid for out of the General Insurance Fund, and shall be redeemed by the mortgagor at par upon the termination of all obligations of the Secretary under the insurance.

(2) Preference or priority of opportunity in the occupancy of the mortgaged property for veterans of World War II and their immediate families, and for hardship cases as defined by the Secretary, shall be provided under such regulations and procedures as may be prescribed by the Secretary.

(3) The mortgage shall involve a principal obligation in an amount—

(A) not to exceed $5,000,000; and

(B) not to exceed 90 per centum of the amount which the Secretary estimates will be the necessary current cost of the completed property or project, including the land; the proposed physical improvements; utilities within the boundaries of the property or project; architects’ fees; taxes and interest accruing during construction; and other miscellaneous charges incidental to construction and approved by the Secretary: *Provided*, That such mortgage shall not in any event exceed the amount which the Secretary estimates will be the cost of the completed physical improvements on the property or project, exclusive of off-site public utilities and streets, and organization and legal expenses: *And provided further*, That the principal obligation of the mortgage shall not, in any event, exceed 90 per centum of the Secretary's estimate of the replacement cost of the property or project on the basis of the costs prevailing on December 31, 1947, for properties or projects of comparable quality in the locality where such property or project is to be located; and

(C) not to exceed $8,100 per family unit for such part of such property or project as may be attributable to dwelling use.

The mortgage shall provide for complete amortization by periodic payment within such term as the Secretary shall prescribe, and shall bear interest (exclusive of premium charges for insurance) at not to exceed 4½ per centum per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time. The Secretary may consent to the release of a part or parts of the mortgaged property from the lien of the mortgage upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe and the mortgage may provide for such release.

The failure of the mortgagor to make any payment due under or provided to be paid by the terms of a mortgage insured under this section shall be considered a default under such mortgage, and if such default continues for a period of thirty days, the mortgagee shall be entitled to receive the benefits of the insurance as hereinafter provided, upon assignment, transfer, and delivery to the Secretary, within a period and in accordance with rules and regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of (1) all rights and interests arising under the mortgage so in default; (2) all claims of the mortgagee against the mortgagors or others, arising out of the mortgage transaction; (3) all policies of title or other insurance or surety bonds or other guaranties and any and all claims thereunder; (4) any balance of the mortgage loan not advanced to the mortgagor; (5) any cash or property held by the mortgagee, or to which it is entitled, as deposits made for the account of the mortgagor and which have not been applied in reduction of the principal of the mortgage indebtedness; and (6) all records, documents, books, papers, and accounts relating to the mortgage transaction. Upon such assignment, transfer, and delivery the obligation of the mortgagee to pay the premium charges for mortgage insurance shall cease, and the Secretary shall, subject to the cash adjustment provided for in section 1739(c) of this title, issue to the mortgagee debentures having a total face value equal to the value of the mortgage, and a certificate of claim as hereinafter provided. For the purposes of this subsection, the value of the mortgage shall be determined in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary, by adding to the amount of the original principal obligation of the mortgage which was unpaid on the date of default, the amount the mortgagee may have paid for (A) taxes, special assessments, and water rates, which are liens prior to the mortgage; (B) insurance on the property; and (C) reasonable expenses for the completion and preservation of the property and any mortgage insurance premiums paid after default; less the sum of (i) an amount equivalent to 1 per centum of the unpaid amount of such principal obligation on the date of default; (ii) any amount received on account of the mortgage after such date; and (iii) any net income received by the mortgagee from the property after such date: *Provided*, That the mortgagee in the event of a default under the mortgage may, at its option and in accordance with regulations of, and in a period to be determined by the Secretary, proceed to foreclose on and obtain possession of or otherwise acquire such property from the mortgagor after default, and receive the benefits of the insurance as herein provided, upon (1) the prompt conveyance to the Secretary of title to the property which meets the requirements of the rules and regulations of the Secretary in force at the time the mortgage was insured, and which is evidenced in the manner prescribed by such rules and regulations; and (2) the assignment to him of all claims of the mortgagee against the mortgagor or others, arising out of the mortgage transaction or foreclosure proceedings, except such claims that may have been released with the consent of the Secretary. Upon such conveyance and assignment, the obligation of the mortgagee to pay the premium charges for insurance shall cease and the mortgagee shall be entitled to receive the benefits of the insurance as provided in this subsection, except that in such event the 1 per centum deduction, set out in (i) hereof, shall not apply.

The certificate of claim issued by the Secretary to any mortgagee in connection with the insurance of mortgages under this section shall be for an amount determined in accordance with subsections (e) and (f) of section 1739 of this title, except that any amount remaining after the payment of the full amount under the certificate of claim shall be retained by the Secretary and credited to the General Insurance Fund.

Debentures issued under this section shall be issued in accordance with the provisions of section 1739 (d) of this title except that such debentures shall be dated as of the date of default as determined in subsection (c) of this section, and shall bear interest from such date.

The provisions of section 1713(k) of this title shall be applicable to mortgages insured under this section, except that, as applied to such mortgages, the reference therein to subsection (g) shall be construed to refer to subsection (c) of this section.

The Secretary shall also have power to insure under this subchapter or subchapter I, II, VIII, or X of this chapter any mortgage executed in connection with the sale by him of any property acquired under any of such subchapters without regard to limitations upon eligibility, time, or aggregate amount contained therein.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VI, §608, as added May 26, 1942, ch. 319, §11, 56 Stat. 303; amended Mar. 31, 1945, ch. 48, §2, 59 Stat. 47; May 22, 1946, ch. 268, §10(f), (g), 60 Stat. 214; Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title I, §101(b), (c), 62 Stat. 1269; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title II, §206, 65 Stat. 303; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(q), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 506; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (4), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

The General Insurance Fund, referred to in subsecs. (b) and (d), was established by section 1735c of this title.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a), (b)(1), (2), (3)(B), following (C), (c), (d), and (g).

Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(4), substituted “Secretary's” for “Commissioner's”.

**1965**—Subsecs. (b)(1), (d). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(q)(1), substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “War Housing Insurance Fund”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(q)(2), struck out provisions that, as applied to mortgages insured under this section, all references in section 1713(k) of this title to the “Housing Fund” shall be construed to refer to the “War Housing Insurance Fund”.

**1951**—Subsec. (g). Act Sept. 1, 1951, inserted references to subchapters I, VIII and X of this chapter.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

**1948**—Subsec. (b). Act Aug. 10, 1948, inserted second proviso in par. (3)(B), substituted “$8,100 per family unit” for “$1,500 per room” and struck out proviso relating to authority to increase “$1,500” to “$1,800” per room.

**1946**—Subsec. (b)(2). Act May 22, 1946, substituted “Preference or priority of opportunity in the occupancy of the mortgaged property for veterans of World War II and their immediate families, and for hardship cases as defined by the Administrator, shall be provided under such regulations and procedures as may be prescribed by the Administrator” for “The mortgaged property shall be designed for rent for residential use by warworkers”.

Subsec. (b)(3). Act May 22, 1946, substituted “necessary current cost” after “estimates will be the” for “reasonable replacement cost” in par. (B), and increased mortgage per room from $1,350 to $1,500 and inserted proviso in par. (C).

Subsec. (c). Act May 22, 1946, inserted “and any mortgage insurance premiums paid after default” before semicolon in cl. (C) of third sentence.

**1945**—Subsec. (g). Act Mar. 31, 1945, inserted provisions empowering Commissioner to insure mortgages without regard to any limitations upon time or aggregate amount contained in this subchapter.

Section 12 of act May 26, 1942, provided that nothing contained in act May 26, 1942 [amending this subchapter] shall be construed to supersede or be inconsistent with the provisions of Ex. Ord. No. 9070, Feb. 24, 1942.

In order to assist in relieving the acute shortage of housing which now exists and to promote the production of housing for veterans of World War II at moderate prices or rentals within their reasonable ability to pay, through the application of modern industrial processes, the Secretary is authorized to insure loans to finance the manufacture of housing (including advances on such loans) when such loans are eligible for insurance as hereinafter provided.

Loans for the manufacture of houses shall be eligible for insurance under this section if at the time of such insurance, the Secretary determines they meet the following conditions:

(1) The manufacturer shall establish that binding purchase contracts have been executed satisfactory to the Secretary providing for the purchase and delivery of the houses to be manufactured, which contracts shall provide for the payment of the purchase price at such time as may be agreed to by the parties thereto, but, in no event, shall the purchase price be payable on a date in excess of thirty days after the date of delivery of such houses, unless not less than 20 per centum of such purchase price is paid on or before the date of delivery and the lender has accepted and discounted or has agreed to accept and discount, pursuant to subsection (i) of this section a promissory note or notes, executed by the purchaser, representing the unpaid portion of such purchase price, in which event such unpaid portion of the purchase price may be payable on a date not in excess of one hundred and eighty days from the date of delivery of such houses;

(2) Such houses to be manufactured shall meet such requirements of sound quality, durability, livability, and safety as may be prescribed by the Secretary;

(3) The borrower shall establish to the satisfaction of the Secretary that he has or will have adequate plant facilities, sufficient capital funds, taking into account the loan applied for, and the experience necessary, to achieve the required production schedule;

(4) The loan shall involve a principal obligation in an amount not to exceed 90 per centum of the amount which the Secretary estimates will be the necessary current cost, exclusive of profit, of manufacturing the houses, which are the subject of such purchase contracts assigned to secure the loan, less any sums paid by the purchaser under said purchase contracts prior to the assignment thereof. The loan shall be secured by an assignment of the aforesaid purchase contracts and of all sums payable thereunder on or after the date of such assignment, with the right in the assignee to proceed against such security in case of default as provided in the assignment, which assignment shall be in such form and contain such terms and conditions, as may be prescribed by the Secretary; and the Secretary may require such other agreements and undertakings to further secure the loan as he may determine, including the right, in case of default or at any time necessary to protect the lender, to compel delivery to the lender of any houses then owned and in the possession of the borrower. The loan shall have a maturity not in excess of one year from the date of the note, except that any such loan may be refinanced and extended in accordance with such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe for an additional term not to exceed one year, and shall bear interest (exclusive of premium charges for insurance) at not to exceed 4 per centum per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time.

The Secretary may consent to the release of a part or parts of the property assigned or delivered as security for the loan, upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe and the security documents may provide for such release.

The failure of the borrower to make any payment due under or provided to be paid by the terms of a loan under this section, or the failure to perform any other covenant or obligation contained in any assignment, agreement, or undertaking executed by the borrower in connection with such loan, shall be considered as a default under this section, and if such default continues for a period of thirty days, the lender shall be entitled to receive the benefits of the insurance hereinafter provided upon assignment, transfer, and delivery to the Secretary within a period and in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary of (1) all rights and interest arising with respect to the loan so in default; (2) all claims of the lender against the borrower or others arising out of the loan transaction; (3) any cash or property held by the lender, or to which it is entitled, as deposits made for the account of the borrower and which have not been applied in reduction of the principal of the loan; and (4) all records, documents, books, papers, and accounts relating to the loan transaction. Upon such assignment, transfer, and delivery, the Secretary shall, subject to the cash adjustment provided for in section 1739(c) of this title, issue to the lender debentures having a face value equal to the unpaid principal balance of the loan.

Debentures issued under this section shall be issued in accordance with the provisions of section 1739(d) of this title except that such debentures shall be dated as of the date of default as determined in subsection (d) of this section and shall bear interest from such date.

The provisions of sections 1713(k) and 1738(a) of this title shall be applicable to loans insured under this section, except that as applied to such loans (1) the reference in section 1713(k) of this title to “subsection (g)” shall be construed to refer to “subsection (d)” of this section; (2) the references in section 1713(k) of this title to insured mortgages shall be construed to refer to the assignment or other security for loans insured under this section; and (3) the references in section 1738(a) of this title to a mortgage or mortgages shall be construed to include a loan or loans under this section. The provisions of section 1738(d) of this title shall also be applicable to loans insured under this section and the reference in section 1738(d) of this title to a mortgage shall be construed to include a loan or loans with respect to which a contract of insurance is issued pursuant to this section.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall have the power to assign or sell at public or private sale, or otherwise dispose of, any evidence of debt, contract, claim, personal property, or security assigned to or held by him in connection with the payment of insurance heretofore or hereafter granted under this section, and to collect or compromise all obligations assigned to or held by him and all legal or equitable rights accruing to him in connection with the payment of such insurance until such time as such obligations may be referred to the Attorney General for suit or collection.

The Secretary shall fix a premium charge for the insurance granted under this section, but such premium charge shall not exceed an amount equivalent to 1 per centum of the original principal of such loan, and such premium charge shall be payable in advance by the financial institution and shall be paid at such time and in such manner as may be prescribed by the Secretary. In addition to the premium charge herein provided for, the Secretary is authorized to charge and collect such amounts as he may deem reasonable for examining and processing applications for the insurance of loans under this section, including such additional inspections as the Secretary may deem necessary.

(1) In addition to the insurance of the principal loan to finance the manufacture of housing, as provided in this section, and in order to provide short-term financing in the sale of houses to be delivered pursuant to the purchase contract or contracts assigned as security for such principal loan, the Secretary is authorized, under such terms and conditions and subject to such limitations as he may prescribe, to insure the lender against any losses it may sustain resulting from the acceptance and discount of a promissory note or notes executed by a purchaser of any such houses representing an unpaid portion of the purchase price of any such houses. No such promissory note or notes accepted and discounted by the lender pursuant to this subsection shall involve a principal obligation in excess of 80 per centum of the purchase price of the manufactured house or houses; have a maturity in excess of one hundred and eighty days from the date of the note or bear interest in excess of 4 per centum per annum; nor may the principal amount of such promissory notes, with respect to any individual principal loan, outstanding and unpaid at any one time, exceed in the aggregate an amount prescribed by the Secretary.

(2) The Secretary is authorized to include in any contract of insurance executed by him with respect to the insurance of a loan to finance the manufacture of houses, provisions to effectuate the insurance against any such losses under this subsection.

(3) The failure of the purchaser to make any payment due under or provided to be paid by the terms of any note or notes executed by the purchaser and accepted and discounted by the lender under the provisions of this subsection, shall be considered as a default under this subsection, and if such default continues for a period of thirty days, the lender shall be entitled to receive the benefits of the insurance, as provided in subsection (d) of this section except that debentures issued pursuant to this subsection shall have a face value equal to the unpaid principal balance of the loan plus interest at the rate of 4 per centum per annum from the date of default to the date the application is filed for the insurance benefits.

(4) Debentures issued with respect to the insurance granted under this subsection shall be issued in accordance with the provisions of section 1739(d) of this title except that such debentures shall be dated as of the date application is filed for the insurance benefits and shall bear interest from such date.

(5) The Secretary is authorized to fix a premium charge for the insurance granted under this subsection, in addition to the premium charge authorized under subsection (h) of this section. Such premium charge shall not exceed an amount equivalent to 1 per centum of the original principal of such promissory note or notes and shall be paid at such time and in such manner as may be prescribed by the Secretary.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VI, §609, as added June 30, 1947, ch. 163, title I, §3, 61 Stat. 193; amended Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title I, §101(d), 62 Stat. 1269; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(r), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 506; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a), (b), (b)(1) to (4), (c), (d), (g), (h), and (i)(1), (2), (5).

**1965**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 89–117, struck out cl. (1) of the first sentence which provided that all references in section 1713(k) of this title to the “Housing Fund” shall be construed to refer to the “War Housing Insurance Fund” and redesignated cls. (2), (3), and (4) thereof as cls. (1), (2), and (3), respectively.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

**1948**—Subsec. (b). Act Aug. 10, 1948, §101(d)(1), (2), struck out par. (1) and inserted new par. (1), and struck out first two sentences of par. (4) and inserted two new sentences.

Subsec. (f). Act Aug. 10, 1948, §101(d)(3), inserted last sentence.

Subsec. (i). Act Aug. 10, 1948, §101(d)(4), added subsec. (i).

Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this subchapter, the Secretary is authorized, upon application by the mortgagee, to insure or to make commitments to insure under section 1738 or section 1743 of this title any mortgage executed in connection with the sale by the Government, or any agency or official thereof, of any housing acquired or constructed under Public Law 849, Seventy-sixth Congress, as amended; Public Law 781, Seventy-sixth Congress, as amended; or Public Laws 9, 73, or 353, Seventy-seventh Congress, as amended (including any property acquired, held or constructed in connection with such housing or to serve the inhabitants thereof), without regard to—

(1) any limit as to the time when any mortgage may be insured under this subchapter;

(2) any limit as to the aggregate amount of principal obligations of all mortgages insured under this subchapter, but the aggregate amount of principal obligations of all mortgages insured pursuant to this section shall not exceed $750,000,000;

(3) any requirement that the obligation be approved for mortgage insurance prior to the beginning of construction or that the construction be new construction;

(4) any of the provisions of subsections (b)(2) or (b)(5) of section 1738 of this title or paragraphs (B) and (C) of the first sentence of section 1743(b)(3) of this title:

*Provided*, That such mortgage shall (1) otherwise be eligible for insurance under section 1738 or section 1743 of this title as the case may be, (2) have a maturity not exceeding twenty-five years from the date of insurance, (3) involve a principal obligation (including such initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees as the Secretary shall approve) in an amount not exceeding 90 per centum of the appraised value of the mortgage property as determined by the Secretary, and (4) bear interest (exclusive of premium charges) at not to exceed 5 per centum per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time if such mortgage covers property on which there is located a dwelling designed principally for residential use for not more than four families in the aggregate, irrespective of whether such dwelling or dwellings have a party wall or are otherwise physically connected with another dwelling or dwellings, or bear interest at not to exceed 4½ per centum per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time if such mortgage covers property upon which there is located a dwelling or dwellings designed principally for residential use for more than four families.

The Secretary is further authorized to insure or to make commitments to insure in accordance with the provisions of this section any mortgage executed in connection with the sale by the Secretary, or by any public housing agency with the approval of the Secretary, of any housing (including any property acquired, held, or constructed in connection with such housing or to serve the inhabitants thereof) owned or financially assisted pursuant to the provisions of Public Law 671, Seventy-sixth Congress.

The Secretary is further authorized to insure or to make commitments to insure in accordance with the provisions of this section any mortgage executed in connection with the sale by the Government, or any agency or official thereof, of any of the so-called Greenbelt towns, or parts thereof, including projects, or parts thereof, known as Greenhills, Ohio; Greenbelt, Maryland; and Greendale, Wisconsin, developed under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, or of any of the village properties under the jurisdiction of the Tennessee Valley Authority, and any mortgage executed in connection with the first resale, within two years from the date of its acquisition from the Government, of any portion of a project or property of the character described in this section.

The Secretary is further authorized to insure or to make commitments to insure under section 1743 of this title in accordance with the provisions of this section any mortgage executed in connection with the sale by a State or municipality, or an agency, instrumentality, or body politic of either, of any permanent housing (including any property acquired, held, or constructed in connection therewith or to serve the inhabitants thereof), constructed by or on behalf of such State, municipality, agency, instrumentality or body politic, for the occupancy of veterans of World War II, their families, and others: *Provided*, That the principal obligation of any such mortgage does not exceed either 85 per centum of the appraised value of the mortgage property as determined by the Secretary or $8,100 per family unit for such part of such property as may be attributable to dwelling use.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VI, §610, as added Aug. 5, 1947, ch. 495, §2, 61 Stat. 777; amended Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title I, §101(e), 62 Stat. 1270; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §§120, 122, 64 Stat. 58, 59; July 14, 1952, ch. 723, §14, 66 Stat. 605; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (*o*), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17, 19.)

Public Law 849, Seventy-sixth Congress, as amended, referred to in text, is act Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 862, 54 Stat. 1125, as amended, known as the “Lanham Public War Housing Act”, which is classified generally to subchapters II to VII (§§1521 et seq., 1531 et seq., 1541 et seq., 1561 et seq., 1571 et seq., and 1581 et seq.) of chapter 9 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1501 of Title 42 and Tables.

Public Law 781, Seventy-sixth Congress, as amended, referred to in text, is the Second Supplemental National Defense Appropriation Act, 1941, act Sept. 9, 1940, ch. 717, 54 Stat. 872. Section 201 thereof appropriated $100,000,000 to the President for allocation to the former “War” Department, and to the Navy Department, for the construction of housing necessary to the national defense program. This provision was not classified to the code.

Public Laws 9, 73, or 353, Seventy-seventh Congress, as amended, referred to in text, refer to the following acts, respectively: Public Law 9, Urgent Deficiency Appropriation Act, 1941, act Mar. 1, 1941, ch. 9, 55 Stat. 14; Public Law 73, Additional Urgent Deficiency Appropriation Act, 1941, act May 24, 1941, ch. 132, 55 Stat. 197; and Public Law 353, Third Supplemental National Defense Appropriation Act, 1942, act Dec. 17, 1941, ch. 591, 55 Stat. 810. These three acts appropriated a total of $320,000,000 to the President for the purpose of providing housing necessary because of national defense activities and conditions arising out of World War II. These provisions were not classified to the code, although all three acts are cited in a “Prior Additional Appropriations” note under section 1523 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Public Law 671, Seventy-sixth Congress, referred to in text, is act June 28, 1940, ch. 440, 54 Stat. 676, as amended. Provisions of the Act relating to housing are contained in title II, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§1501 et seq.) of chapter 9 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, referred to in text, is Joint Res. Apr. 8, 1935, ch. 48, 49 Stat. 115. It was a temporary legislation, and was formerly set out in a note in former chapter 16 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. See notes under sections 721 to 728 of that title.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing, and “Secretary” for “Public Housing Administration” and “said Administration” in second par., respectively.

**1952**—Act July 14, 1952, inserted last par.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, §120, made the insurance authority of this section applicable to sale by the Public Housing Administration, or any public housing agency, of any housing owned or financially assisted pursuant to the provisions of sections 1501 to 1505 of Title 42. The Public Health and Welfare, which provided for the construction of war housing out of prior authorizations for low-rent public housing on the condition that such housing would be converted to low-rent use after termination of its use for war housing.

Act Apr. 20, 1950, §122, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

**1948**—Act Aug. 10, 1948, inserted last par. relating to the Greenbelt towns.

In addition to mortgages insured under other sections of this subchapter, and in order to assist and encourage the application of cost-reduction techniques through large-scale modernized site construction of housing and the erection of houses produced by modern industrial processes, the Secretary is authorized to insure mortgages (including advances on such mortgages during construction) which are eligible for insurance as hereinafter provided.

To be eligible for insurance under this section, a mortgage shall—

(1) have been made to and be held by a mortgagee approved by the Secretary as responsible and able to service the mortgage properly;

(2) cover property, held by a mortgagor approved by the Secretary, upon which there is to be constructed or erected dwelling units for not less than twenty-five families consisting of a group of single-family dwellings approved by the Secretary for mortgage insurance prior to the beginning of construction: *Provided*, That during the course of construction there may be located upon the mortgaged property a plant for the fabrication or storage of such dwellings or sections or parts thereof, and the Secretary may consent to the removal or release of such plant from the lien of the mortgage upon such terms and conditions as he may approve;

(3) involve a principal obligation in an amount—

(A) not to exceed 85 per centum of the amount which the Secretary estimates will be the value of the completed property or project, exclusive of any plant of the character described in paragraph (2) of this subsection located thereon, and

(B) not to exceed a sum computed on the individual dwellings comprising the total project as follows: $5,950 or 85 per centum of the valuation, whichever is the lower amount, with respect to each single-family dwelling: *Provided*, That if the Secretary finds that it is not feasible, within the dollar amount limitation in this clause on the principal obligation of the mortgage, to construct dwellings containing three or four bedrooms without sacrifice of sound standards of construction, design, and livability, he may increase such dollar amount limitation by not exceeding $850 for each additional bedroom (as defined by the Secretary) in excess of two contained in each such dwelling if he finds that such dwelling meets sound standards of design and livability as a three-bedroom unit or a four-bedroom unit, as the case may be, but the amount computed under this clause for each such dwelling shall not exceed, in any event, $7,650.

With respect to the insurance of advances during construction, the Secretary is authorized to approve advances by the mortgagee to cover the cost of materials delivered upon the mortgaged property and labor performed in the fabrication or erection thereof;

(4) provide for complete amortization by periodic payments within such term as the Secretary shall prescribe and shall bear interest (exclusive of premium charges for insurance) as not to exceed 4 per centum per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time: *Provided*, That the Secretary with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, may prescribe by regulation a higher maximum rate of interest, not exceeding 4½ per centum per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time, if he finds that the mortgage market demands it. The Secretary may consent to the release of a part or parts of the mortgaged property from the lien of the mortgage upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe and the mortgage may provide for such release, and the mortgage may provide that, upon the completion of the construction of the project, such mortgage may be replaced by individual mortgages covering each individual dwelling in the project. Each such individual mortgage may be insured under this section with the mortgagor being either the builder who constructed the dwellings or the owner and occupant of the dwelling at the time, and where the mortgagor is the owner and occupant, may involve a principal obligation in such amount and have such maturity and interest rate as a mortgage eligible for insurance under section 1709(b)(2)(D) of this title.

Preference or priority of opportunity in the occupancy of the mortgaged property for veterans of World War II and their immediate families and for hardship cases as defined by the Secretary shall be provided under such regulations and procedures as may be prescribed by the Secretary.

The provisions of subsections (c), (d), (e), and (f) of section 1743 of this title shall be applicable to mortgages insured under this section covering a project described in subsection (b) of this section, and the provisions of subsections (a) to (f), and (h) of section 1739 of this title shall be applicable to the individual mortgages insured pursuant to subsection (b)(4) of this section covering individual dwellings in the project.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VI, §611, as added Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title I, §101(f), 62 Stat. 1271; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §§121, 122, 64 Stat. 58, 59; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

Section 1709(b)(2)(D) of this title, referred to in subsec. (b)(4), is a reference to subsec. (b)(2)(D) of section 1709 prior to amendment by section 104 of act Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, 68 Stat. 590.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a), (b), and (c).

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, §122, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (b)(3). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §121(1), (2), substituted “85” for “80” in cl. (A), and inserted entirely new material in cl. (B).

Subsec. (b)(4). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §121(2), inserted “, and the mortgage may provide that, upon the completion of the construction of the project, such mortgage may be replaced by individual mortgages covering each individual dwelling in the project. Each such individual mortgage may be insured under this section with the mortgagor being either the builder who constructed the dwellings or the owner and occupant of the dwelling at the time, and where the mortgagor is the owner and occupant, may involve a principal obligation in such amount and have such maturity and interest rate as a mortgage eligible for insurance under section 1709(b)(2)(D) of this title”.

Subsec. (d). Act Apr. 20, 1950, §121(3), inserted “covering a project described in subsection (b) of this section, and the provisions of subsections (a) to (f), and (h) of section 1739 of this title shall be applicable to the individual mortgages insured pursuant to subsection (b)(4) of this section covering individual dwellings in the project”.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, no mortgage or loan shall be insured under any section of this subchapter after August 2, 1954 except pursuant to a commitment to insure issued on or before such date.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VI, §612, as added Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §127, 68 Stat. 609.)

The purpose of this subchapter is to supplement the existing systems of mortgage insurance for rental housing under this chapter by a special system of insurance designed to encourage equity investment in rental housing at rents within the capacity of families of moderate income. To effectuate this purpose, the Secretary is authorized, upon application by the investor, to insure as hereinafter provided, and, prior to the execution of insurance contracts and upon such terms as the Secretary shall prescribe, to make commitments to insure, the minimum annual amortization charge and an annual return on the outstanding investment of such investor in any project which is eligible for insurance as hereinafter provided in an amount (herein called the “insured annual return”) equal to such rate of return, not exceeding 2¾ per centum per annum, on such outstanding investment as shall, after consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, be fixed in the insurance contract or in the commitment to insure: *Provided*, That any insurance contract made pursuant to this subchapter shall expire as of the first day of the operating year for which the outstanding investment amounts to not more than 10 per centum of the established investment.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VII, §701, as added Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title IV, §401, 62 Stat. 1276; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Pub. L. 86–372, title I, §118, Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 664; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

**1959**—Pub. L. 86–372 struck out provisions which limited the aggregate amount of contingent liabilities outstanding at any one time under insurance contracts and commitments to insure made pursuant to this subchapter to not more than $1,000,000,000.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

Section 505 of act Aug. 10, 1948, provided that: “Except as may be otherwise expressly provided in this Act [sections 1701c, 1701e to 1701g–3, 1702, 1703, 1709, 1710, 1713, 1716, 1738, 1743 to 1746 and 1747 to 1747*l* of this title, section 846 of former Title 31, Money and Finance, section 694 of former Title 38, Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans’ Relief, and section 1404a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare], all powers and authorities conferred by this Act shall be cumulative and additional to and not in derogation of any powers and authorities otherwise existing. Notwithstanding any other evidences of the intention of Congress, it is hereby declared to be the controlling intent of Congress that if any provisions of this Act, or the application thereof to any person or circumstances, shall be adjudged by any court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, such judgment shall not affect, impair, or invalidate the remainder of this Act or its application to other persons and circumstances, but shall be confined in its operation to the provisions of this Act, or the application thereof to the persons and circumstances, directly involved in the controversy in which such judgment shall have been rendered.”

Section 504 of act Aug. 10, 1948, provided that: “Insofar as the provisions of any other law are inconsistent with the provisions of this Act [sections 1701c, 1701e to 1701g–3, 1702, 1703, 1709, 1710, 1713, 1716, 1738, 1743 to 1746 and 1747 to 1747*l* of this title, section 846 of former Title 31, Money and Finance, section 694 of former Title 38, Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans’ Relief, and section 1404a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare], the provisions of this Act shall be controlling.”

(a) To be eligible for insurance under this subchapter, a project shall meet the following conditions:

(1) The Secretary shall be satisfied that there is, in the locality or metropolitan area of such project, a need for new rental dwellings at rents comparable to the rents proposed to be charged for the dwellings in such project.

(2) Such project shall be economically sound, and the dwellings in such project shall be acceptable to the Secretary as to quality, design, size, and type.

(b) Any insurance contract executed by the Secretary under this subchapter shall be conclusive evidence of the eligibility of the project and the investor for such insurance, and the validity of any insurance contract so executed shall be incontestable in the hands of an investor from the date of the execution of such contract, except for fraud or misrepresentation on the part of such investor.

(c) After completion of the project the investor must establish in a manner satisfactory to the Secretary that the project is free and clear of liens and that there are no other outstanding unpaid obligations contracted in connection with the construction of the project, except taxes and such other liens and obligations as may be approved or prescribed by the Secretary. Debentures issued by the investor which are payable out of net income from the project and from the benefits of the insurance contract shall not be construed as “unpaid obligations” as such term is used in this subsection.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VII, §702, as added Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title IV, §401, 62 Stat. 1276; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title VI, §609(a), 65 Stat. 316; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a)(1), (2), (b), and (c).

**1951**—Subsec. (c). Act Sept. 1, 1951, added subsec. (c).

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

(a) For insurance granted pursuant to this subchapter the Secretary shall fix and collect a premium charge in an amount not exceeding one-half of 1 per centum of the outstanding investment for the operating year for which such premium charge is payable without taking into account the excess earnings, if any, applied, in addition to the minimum annual amortization charge, to amortization of the outstanding investment. Such premium charge shall be payable annually in advance by the investor, either in cash or in debentures issued by the Secretary under this subchapter at par plus accrued interest: *Provided*, That, if in any operating year the gross income shall be less than the operating expenses, the premium charge payable during such operating year shall be waived, but only to the extent of the amount of the difference between such expenses and such income and subject to subsequent payment out of any excess earnings as hereinafter provided.

(b) With respect to any project offered for insurance under this subchapter, the Secretary is authorized to charge and collect reasonable fees for examination, and for inspection during the construction of the project: *Provided*, That such fees shall not aggregate more than one-half of 1 per centum of the estimated investment.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VII, §703, as added Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title IV, §401, 62 Stat. 1277; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a) and (b).

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

The Secretary shall require that the rents for the dwellings in any project insured under this subchapter shall be established in accordance with a rent schedule approved by the Secretary, and that the investor shall not charge or collect rents for any dwellings in the project in excess of the appropriate rents therefor as shown in the latest rent schedule approved pursuant to this section. Prior to approving the initial or any subsequent rent schedule pursuant to this section, the Secretary shall find that such schedule affords reasonable assurance that the rents to be established thereunder are (1) not lower than necessary, together with all other income to be derived from or in connection with the project, to produce reasonably stable revenues sufficient to provide for the payment of the operating expenses, the minimum annual amortization charge, and the minimum annual return; and (2) not higher than necessary to meet the need for dwellings for families of moderate income.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VII, §704, as added Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title IV, §401, 62 Stat. 1277; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

For all of the purposes of any insurance contract made pursuant to this subchapter, 50 per centum of the excess earnings, if any, for any operating year may be applied, in addition to the minimum annual return, to return on the outstanding investment but only to the extent that such application thereof does not result in an annual return of more than 5 per centum of the outstanding investment for such operating year, and the balance of any such excess earnings shall be applied, in addition to the minimum annual amortization charge, to amortization of the outstanding investment: *Provided*, That if in any preceding operating years the gross income shall have been less than the operating expenses, such excess earnings shall be applied to the extent necessary in whole or in part, first, to the reimbursement of the amount of the difference between such expenses (exclusive of any premium charges previously waived hereunder) and such income, and, second, to the payment of any premium charges previously waived hereunder.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VII, §705, as added Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title IV, §401, 62 Stat. 1277.)

With respect to each project insured under this subchapter, the Secretary shall provide that, after the close of each operating year, the investor shall submit to him for approval a financial and operating statement covering such operating year. If any such financial and operating statement shall not have been submitted or, for proper cause, shall not have been approved by the Secretary, payment of any claim submitted by the investor may, at the option of the Secretary, be withheld, in whole or in part, until such statement shall have been submitted and approved.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VII, §706, as added Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title IV, §401, 62 Stat. 1278; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

If in any operating year the net income of a project insured under this subchapter is less than the aggregate of the minimum annual amortization charge and the insured annual return, the Secretary, upon submission by the investor of a claim for the payment of the amount of the difference between such net income and the aggregate of the minimum annual amortization charge and the insured annual return and after proof of the validity of such claim, shall pay to the investor, in cash from the General Insurance Fund, the amount of such difference, as determined by the Secretary, but not exceeding, in any event, an amount equal to the aggregate of the minimum annual amortization charge and the insured annual return. Nothing contained in this subchapter or any other provision of law shall be construed as preventing or restricting an investor from assigning, pledging, or otherwise transferring or disposing of, subject to rules and regulations of the Secretary, any or all rights, claims, or other benefits under any insurance contract made pursuant to this subchapter to an assignee, pledgee, or other transferee, including the holders (or the trustee for such holders) of any debentures issued by the investor in connection with the project to which such insurance contract relates, and the Secretary is authorized to pay claims or issue debentures in accordance with the provisions of this section and section 1747g of this title to any such assignee, pledgee, or other transferee.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VII, §707, as added Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title IV, §401, 62 Stat. 1278; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title VI, §609(b), 65 Stat. 316; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(s), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 506; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

The General Insurance Fund, referred to in text, was established by section 1735c of this title.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

**1965**—Pub. L. 89–117 substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “Housing Investment Insurance Fund”.

**1951**—Act Sept. 1, 1951, inserted second sentence.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

If the aggregate of the amounts paid to the investor pursuant to section 1747f of this title with respect to a project insured under this subchapter shall at any time equal or exceed 15 per centum of the established investment, the Secretary thereafter shall have the right, after written notice to the investor of his intentions so to do, to acquire, as of the first day of any operating year, such project in consideration of the issuance and delivery to the investor of debentures having a total face value equal to 90 per centum of the outstanding investment for such operating year. In any such case the investor shall be obligated to convey to said Secretary title to the project which meets the requirements of the rules and regulations of the Secretary in force at the time the insurance contract was executed and which is evidenced in the manner prescribed by such rules and regulations, and, in the event that the investor fails so to do, said Secretary may, at his option, terminate the insurance contract.

If in any operating year the aggregate of the differences between the operating expenses (exclusive of any premium charges previously waived hereunder) and the gross income for the preceding operating years, less the aggregate of any deficits in such operating expenses reimbursed from excess earnings as hereinbefore provided, shall at any time equal or exceed 5 per centum of the established investment, the investor shall thereafter have the right, after written notice to the Secretary of his intention so to do, to convey to the Secretary, as of the first day of any operating year, title to the project which meets the requirements of the rules and regulations of the Secretary in force at the time the insurance contract was executed and which is evidenced in the manner prescribed by such rules and regulations, and to receive from the Secretary debentures having a total face value equal to 90 per centum of the outstanding investment for such operating year.

Any difference, not exceeding $50, between 90 per centum of the outstanding investment for the operating year in which a project is acquired by the Secretary pursuant to this section and the total face value of the debentures to be issued and delivered to the investment pursuant to this section shall be adjusted by the payment of cash by the Secretary to the investor from the General Insurance Fund.

Upon the acquisition of a project by the Secretary pursuant to this section, the insurance contract shall terminate.

Debentures issued under this subchapter to any investor shall be executed in the name of the General Insurance Fund as obligor, shall be signed by the Secretary, by either his written or engraved signature, and shall be negotiable. Such debentures shall be dated as of the first day of the operating year in which the project for which such debentures were issued was acquired by the Secretary, shall bear interest at a rate to be determined by the Secretary, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, at the time the insurance contract was executed, but not to exceed 2¾ per centum per annum, payable semiannually on the 1st day of January and the 1st day of July of each year, and shall mature on the 1st day of July in such calendar year or years, not later than the fortieth following the date of the issuance thereof, as shall be determined by the Secretary and stated on the face of such debentures.

Such debentures shall be in such form and in such denominations in multiples of $50, shall be subject to such terms and conditions, and may include such provisions of redemption as shall be prescribed by the Secretary, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, and may be issued in either coupon or registered form.

Such debentures shall be exempt, both as to principal and interest, from all taxation (except surtaxes, estate, inheritance, and gift taxes) now or hereafter imposed by any Territory, dependency, or possession of the United States, or by the District of Columbia, or by any State, county, municipality, or local taxing authority, shall be payable out of the General Insurance Fund, which shall be primarily liable therefor, and shall be fully and unconditionally guaranteed, as to both the principal thereof and the interest thereon, by the United States, and such guaranty shall be expressed on the face thereof. In the event that the General Insurance Fund fails to pay upon demand, when due, the principal of or the interest on any debentures so guaranteed, the Secretary of the Treasury shall pay to the holders the amount thereof, which is authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, and thereupon, to the extent of the amount so paid, the Secretary of the Treasury shall succeed to all the rights of the holders of such debentures.

Notwithstanding any other provisions of law relating to the acquisition, handling, or disposal of real and other property by the United States, the Secretary shall have power, for the protection of the General Insurance Fund, to pay out of said Fund all expenses or charges in connection with, and to deal with, complete, reconstruct, rent, renovate, modernize, insure, make contracts for the management of, or establish suitable agencies for the management of, or sell for cash or credit or lease in his discretion, in whole or in part, any project acquired pursuant to this subchapter; and, notwithstanding any other provisions of law, the Secretary shall also have power to pursue to final collection by way of compromise or otherwise all claims acquired by, or assigned or transferred to, him in connection with the acquisition or disposal of any project pursuant to this subchapter: *Provided*, That section 6101 of title 41 shall not be construed to apply to any contract for hazard insurance, or to any purchase or contract for services or supplies on account of any project acquired pursuant to this subchapter if the amount of such purchase or contract does not exceed $1,000.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VII, §708, as added Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title IV, §401, 62 Stat. 1278; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(t), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 506; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

The General Insurance Fund, referred to in text, was established by section 1735c of this title.

In subsec. (h), “section 6101 of title 41” substituted for “section 3709 of the Revised Statutes” on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

**1967**—Subsecs. (a) to (f), (h). Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

**1965**—Subsecs. (c), (e), (g), (h). Pub. L. 89–117 substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “Housing Investment Insurance Fund” wherever appearing.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

The investor, after written notice to the Secretary of his intention so to do, may terminate, as of the close of any operating year, any insurance contract made pursuant to this subchapter. The Secretary shall prescribe the events and conditions under which said Secretary shall have the option to terminate any insurance contract made pursuant to this subchapter, and the events and conditions under which said Secretary may reinstate any insurance contract terminated pursuant to this section or section 1747g(a) of this title. If any insurance contract is terminated pursuant to this section, the Secretary may require the investor to pay an adjusted premium charge in such amount as the Secretary determines to be equitable, but not in excess of the aggregate amount of the premium charges which such investor otherwise would have been required to pay if such insurance contract had not been so terminated.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VII, §709, as added Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title IV, §401, 62 Stat. 1280; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VII, §710, as added Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title IV, §401, 62 Stat. 1280; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59, created the Housing Investment Insurance Fund, provided for the transfer of funds thereto, and authorized the payment of claims and the issue and cancellation of debentures.

For establishment of the General Insurance Fund, see section 1735c of this title.

Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to exempt any real property acquired and held by the Secretary under this subchapter from taxation by any State or political subdivision thereof, to the same extent, according to its value, as other real property is taxed.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VII, §711, as added Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title IV, §401, 62 Stat. 1281; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner”.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

The Secretary may make such rules and regulations as may be necessary or desirable to carry out the provisions of this subchapter, including, without limiting the foregoing, rules and regulations relating to the maintenance by the investor of books, records, and accounts with respect to the project and the examination of such books, records, and accounts by representatives of the Secretary; the submission of financial and operating statements and the approval thereof; the submission of claims for payments under insurance contracts, the proof of the validity of such claims, and the payment or disallowance thereof; the increase of the established investment if the investor shall make capital improvements or additions to the project; the decrease of the established investment if the investor shall sell part of the project; and the reduction of the outstanding investment for the appropriate operating year or operating years pending the restoration of dwelling or nondwelling facilities damaged by fire or other casualty. With respect to any investor which is subject to supervision or regulation by a State banking, insurance, or other State department or agency, the Secretary may, in carrying out any of his supervisory and regulatory functions with respect to projects insured under this subchapter, utilize, contract with, and act through, such department or agency and without regard to section 6101 of title 41.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VII, §712, as added Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title IV, §401, 62 Stat. 1281; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

In text, “section 6101 of title 41” substituted for “section 3709 of the Revised Statutes” on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

The following terms shall have the meanings, respectively, ascribed to them below, and, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, shall include the plural as well as the singular number:

(a) “Investor” shall mean (1) any natural person; (2) any group of not more than ten natural persons; (3) any corporation, company, association, trust, or other legal entity; or (4) any combination of two or more corporations, companies, associations, trusts, or other legal entities, having all the powers necessary to comply with the requirements of this subchapter, which the Secretary (i) shall find to be qualified by business experience and facilities, to afford assurance of the necessary continuity of long-term investment, and to have available the necessary capital required for long-term investment in the project, and (ii) shall approve as eligible for insurance under this subchapter.

(b) “Project” shall mean a project (including all property, real and personal, contracts, rights, and choses in action acquired, owned, or held by the investor in connection therewith) of an investor designed and used primarily for the purpose of providing dwellings the occupancy of which is permitted by the investor in consideration of agreed charges: *Provided*, That nothing in this subchapter shall be construed as prohibiting the inclusion in a project of such stores, offices, or other commercial facilities, recreational or community facilities, or other nondwelling facilities as the Secretary shall determine to be necessary or desirable appurtenances to such project.

(c) “Estimated investment” shall mean the estimated cost of the development of the project, as stated in the application submitted to the Secretary for insurance under this subchapter.

(d) “Established investment” shall mean the amount of the reasonable costs, as approved by the Secretary, incurred by the investor in, and necessary for, carrying out all works and undertakings for the development of a project and shall include the premium charge for the first operating year and the cost of all necessary surveys, plans and specifications, architectural, engineering, or other special services, land acquisition, site preparation, construction, and equipment; a reasonable return on the funds of the investor paid out in the course of the development of the project, up to and including the initial occupancy date; necessary expenses in connection with the initial occupancy of the project; and the cost of such other items as the Secretary shall determine to be necessary for the development of the project, (1) less the amount by which the rents and revenues derived from the project up to and including the initial occupancy date exceeded the reasonable and proper expenses, as approved by the Secretary, incurred by the investor in, and necessary for, operating and maintaining said project up to and including the initial occupancy date, or (2) plus the amount by which such expenses exceeded such rents and revenues, as the case may be.

(e) “Physical completion date” shall mean the last day of the calendar month in which the Secretary determines that the construction of the project is substantially completed and substantially all of the dwellings therein are available for occupancy.

(f) “Initial occupancy date” shall mean the last day of the calendar month in which 90 per centum in number of the dwellings in the project on the physical completion date shall have been occupied, but shall in no event be later than the last day of the sixth calendar month next following the physical completion date.

(g) “Operating year” shall mean the period of twelve consecutive calendar months next following the initial occupancy date and each succeeding period of twelve consecutive calendar months, and the period of the first twelve consecutive calendar months next following the initial occupancy date shall be the first operating year.

(h) “Gross income” for any operating year shall mean the total rents and revenues and other income derived from, or in connection with, the project during such operating year.

(i) “Operating expenses” for any operating year shall mean the amounts, as approved by the Secretary, necessary to meet the reasonable and proper costs of, and to provide for, operating and maintaining the project, and to establish and maintain reasonable and proper reserves for repairs, maintenance, and replacements, and other necessary reserves during such operating year, and shall include necessary expenses for real estate taxes, special assessments, premium charges made pursuant to this subchapter, administrative expenses, the annual rental under any lease pursuant to which the real property comprising the site of the project is held by the investor, and insurance charges, together with such other expenses as the Secretary shall determine to be necessary for the proper operation and maintenance of the project, but shall not include income taxes.

(j) “Net income” for any operating year shall mean gross income remaining after the payment of the operating expenses.

(k) “Minimum annual amortization charge” shall mean an amount equal to 2 per centum of the established investment, except that, in the case of a project where the real property comprising the site thereof is held by the investor under a lease, if (notwithstanding the proviso of section 1747b(a) of this title) the gross income for any operating year shall be less than the amount required to pay the operating expenses (including the annual rental under such lease), the minimum annual amortization charge for such operating year shall mean an amount equal to 2 per centum of the established investment plus the amount of the annual rental under such lease to the extent that the same is not paid from the gross income.

(*l*) “Annual return” for any operating year shall mean the net income remaining after the payment of the minimum annual amortization charge.

(m) “Insured annual return” shall have the meaning ascribed to it in section 1747 of this title.

(n) “Minimum annual return” for any operating year shall mean an amount equal to 3½ per centum of the outstanding investment for such operating year or such lesser amount as shall be agreed upon by the investor and the Secretary.

(*o*) “Excess earnings” for any operating year shall mean the net income derived from a project in excess of the minimum annual amortization charge and the minimum annual return and income taxes.

(p) “Outstanding investment” for any operating year shall mean the established investment, less an amount equal to (1) the aggregate of the minimum annual amortization charge for each preceding operating year, plus (2) the aggregate of the excess earnings, if any, during each preceding operating year applied, in addition to the minimum annual amortization charge, to amortization in accordance with the provisions of section 1747d of this title.

(q) “State” shall include the several States and Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VII, §713, as added Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title IV, §401, 62 Stat. 1281; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title VI, §§610, 612, 65 Stat. 316; July 14, 1952, ch. 723, §10(a)(4), 66 Stat. 603; Pub. L. 86–70, §10(a), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 142; Pub. L. 86–624, §6, July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 411; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a) to (e), (i), and (n).

**1960**—Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 86–624 struck out “Hawaii,” before “Puerto Rico”.

**1959**—Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 86–70 struck out “Alaska,” before “Hawaii”.

**1952**—Subsec. (q). Act July 14, 1952, added subsec. (q).

**1951**—Subsec. (n). Act Sept. 1, 1951, §610, inserted “or such lesser amount as shall be agreed upon by the investor and the Commissioner”.

Subsec. (*o*). Act Sept. 1, 1951, §612, inserted “and income taxes”.

**1950**—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted “Commissioner” for “Administrator” wherever appearing.

**1955**—Act Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title IV, §401, 69 Stat. 646, substituted “ARMED SERVICES” for “MILITARY” and inserted “MORTGAGE” in subchapter heading.

As used in this subchapter—

(a) The term “mortgage” means a first mortgage on real estate, in fee simple, or on a leasehold (1) under a lease for not less than ninety-nine years which is renewable; or (2) under a lease for a period of not less than fifty years to run from the date the mortgage was executed; and the term “first mortgage” means such classes of first liens as are commonly given to secure advances on, or the unpaid purchase price of, real estate, under the laws of the State in which the real estate is located, together with the credit instruments, if any, secured thereby.

(b) The term “mortgagee” includes the original lender under a mortgage, and his successors and assigns approved by the Secretary; and the term “mortgagor” includes the original borrower under a mortgage, his successors and assigns.

(c) The term “maturity date” means the date on which the mortgage indebtedness would be extinguished if paid in accordance with periodic payments provided for in the mortgage.

(d) The term “housing accommodations” means housing designed for occupancy by military personnel and their dependents, assigned to duty at or near the military installation where such housing units are constructed.

(e) The term “personnel” shall include military and civilian personnel approved by the Secretary of Defense, or his designee, and the dependents of all such personnel.

(f) The term “military” includes Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard.

(g) The term “State” includes the several States, and Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, the Virgin Islands, the Canal Zone, and Midway Island.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VIII, §801, as added Aug. 8, 1949, ch. 403, §1, 63 Stat. 570; amended July 14, 1952, ch. 723, §10(a)(2), 66 Stat. 603; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title IV, §401, 69 Stat. 646; Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, title V, §501, 70 Stat. 1109; Pub. L. 86–70, §10(a), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 142; Pub. L. 86–624, §6, July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 411; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

For definition of Canal Zone, referred to in subsec. (g), see section 3602(b) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

**1967**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner”.

**1960**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 86–624 struck out “Hawaii,” before “Puerto Rico”.

**1959**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 86–70 struck out “Alaska,” before “Hawaii”.

**1956**—Subsec. (g). Act Aug. 7, 1956, inserted reference to Canal Zone and Midway Island.

**1955**—Act Aug. 11, 1955, inserted definitions of “housing accommodations” and “personnel” and included the Coast Guard in definition of “military”.

**1952**—Subsec. (f). Act July 14, 1952, inserted “Guam,” after “District of Columbia,”.

Section 408 of act Aug. 11, 1955, as amended by act Aug. 7, 1956, §511, provided that: “Notwithstanding the provisions of section 401 of this Act [amending this subchapter], the provisions of title VIII of the National Housing Act [this subchapter] in effect prior to the enactment of the Housing Amendments of 1955 [August 11, 1955] shall continue in full force and effect with respect to all mortgages insured pursuant to a certification by the Secretary of Defense or his designee made on or before June 30, 1955, and a commitment to insure issued on or before June 30, 1956 or pursuant to a certification by the Atomic Energy Commission or its designee made on or before June 30, 1956, except that the maximum dollar amount for each such mortgage shall be $12,500,000.] Nothing contained in the provisions of title VIII of the National Housing Act [this subchapter] in effect prior to August 11, 1955 or any related provision of law, shall be construed to exempt from State or local taxes or assessments the interest of a lessee from the Federal Government in or with respect to any property covered by a mortgage insured under such provisions of title VIII: *Provided*, That, no such taxes or assessments (not paid or encumbering such property or interest prior to June 15, 1956) on the interest of such lessee shall exceed the amount of taxes or assessments on other similar property of similar value, less such amount as the Secretary of Defense or his designee determines to be equal to (1) any payments made by the Federal Government to the local taxing or other public agencies involved with respect to such property, plus (2) such amount as may be appropriate for any expenditures made by the Federal Government or the lessee for the provision or maintenance of streets, sidewalks, curbs, gutters, sewers, lighting, snow removal or any other services or facilities which are customarily provided by the State, county, city, or other local taxing authority with respect to such other similar property: *And provided further*, That the provisions of this section shall not apply to properties leased pursuant to the provisions of section 805 of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1748d] as amended on or after August 11, 1955, which properties shall be exempt from State or local taxes or assessments.”

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Subchapter as applicable to Coast Guard, see section 1594e of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VIII, §802, as added Aug. 8, 1949, ch. 403, §1, 63 Stat. 571; amended Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title IV, §401, 69 Stat. 646, created the Armed Services Housing Insurance Fund.

For establishment of the General Insurance Fund, see section 1735c of this title.

In order to assist in relieving the acute shortage and urgent need for family housing which now exists at or in areas adjacent to military installations because of uncertainty as to the permanency of such installations and to increase the supply of necessary family housing accommodations for personnel at such installations, the Secretary is authorized, upon application of the mortgagee, to insure mortgages (including advances on such mortgages during construction) which are eligible for insurance as hereinafter provided, and, upon such terms as the Secretary may prescribe, to make commitments for so insuring such mortgages prior to the date of their execution or disbursement thereon: *Provided*, That the aggregate amount of principal obligations of all mortgages insured under this subchapter (except mortgages insured pursuant to the provisions of this subchapter in effect prior to August 11, 1955) shall not exceed $2,300,000,000: *And provided further*, That the limitation in section 1715h of this title shall not apply to this subchapter: *And provided further*, That no more mortgages shall be insured under this section after October 1, 1962, except pursuant to a commitment to insure before such date, and not more than twenty-eight thousand family housing units shall be contracted for after June 30, 1959, pursuant to any mortgage insured under this section after such date.

To be eligible for insurance under this subchapter a mortgage shall meet the following conditions:

(1) The mortgaged property shall be held by a mortgagor approved by the Secretary. The Secretary may, in his discretion, require such mortgagor to be regulated or restricted as to capital structure, and methods of operation. The Secretary may make such contracts with, and acquire for not to exceed $100 stock or interest in, any such mortgagor, as the Secretary may deem necessary to render effective such restriction or regulation. Such stock or interest shall be paid for out of the General Insurance Fund, and shall be redeemed by the mortgagor at par upon the termination of all obligations of the Secretary under the insurance.

(2) The mortgaged property shall be designed for use for residential purposes by personnel of the armed services and situated at or near a military installation, and the Secretary of Defense or his designee shall have certified that there is no intention, so far as can reasonably be foreseen, to substantially curtail the personnel assigned or to be assigned to such installation, and (i) shall have determined that for reasons of safety, security, or other essential military requirements, it is necessary that the personnel involved reside in public quarters: *Provided, however*, That for the purposes of this subsection housing covered by a mortgage insured, or for which a commitment to insure has been issued, under this section prior to August 11, 1955, may be considered the same as available quarters, and (ii) with the approval of the Secretary, shall have determined that adequate housing is not available for such personnel at reasonable rentals within reasonable commuting distance of the installation and that the mortgaged property will not, so far as can reasonably be foreseen, substantially curtail occupancy in existing housing covered by mortgages insured under this chapter. The housing accommodations shall comply with such standards and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe to establish the acceptability of such property for mortgage insurance, except that the certification of the Secretary of Defense or his designee shall (for purposes of mortgage insurance under this subchapter) be conclusive evidence to the Secretary of the existence of the need for such housing. However, if the Secretary does not concur in the housing needs as certified by the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary may require the Secretary of Defense to guarantee the General Insurance Fund against loss with respect to the mortgage covering such housing. There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to provide for payment to meet losses arising from such guaranty.

(3) The mortgage shall involve a principal obligation in an amount—

(A) not to exceed the amount which the Secretary estimates will be the replacement cost of the property or project when the proposed improvements are completed (the cost of the property or project as such term is used in this paragraph may include the cost of the land, the physical improvements, and utilities within the boundaries of the property or project);

(B) not to exceed an average of $16,500 per family unit for such part of such property or project (including ranges, refrigerators, shades, screens, and fixtures) as may be attributable to dwelling use: *Provided*, That the replacement cost of the property or project as determined by the Secretary, including the estimated value of any usable utilities within the boundaries of the property or project where owned by the United States and not provided for out of the proceeds of the mortgage, shall not exceed an average of $16,500 per family unit: *Provided further*, That should the financing of housing to be constructed pursuant to a single invitation for bids be accomplished by two or more mortgages, the principal obligation of any single mortgage may exceed an average of $16,500 per family unit if the sum of the principal obligations of all mortgages for such housing does not exceed an average of $16,500 per family unit: *And provided further*, That subject to the limitations of this paragraph no family unit included in any mortgaged property shall be contracted for after June 8, 1960 if the cost of such unit exceeds $19,800; and

(C) not to exceed the bid of the eligible bidder with respect to the property or project under section 1594 of title 42.

The mortgage shall provide for complete amortization by periodic payments within such terms as the Secretary shall prescribe, but not to exceed thirty years from the beginning of amortization of the mortgage, and shall bear interest (exclusive of premium charges for insurance) as not to exceed 4½ per centum per annum of the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time. The Secretary may consent to the release of a part or parts of the mortgaged property from the lien of the mortgage upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe and the mortgage may provide for such release. The property or project may include such nondwelling facilities as the Secretary deems adequate to serve the occupants.

The Secretary is authorized to fix a premium charge for the insurance of mortgages under this subchapter but in the case of any mortgage such charge shall not be less than an amount equivalent to one-half of 1 per centum per annum nor more than an amount equivalent to 1½ per centum per annum of the amount of the principal obligation of the mortgage outstanding at any time, without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments. Such premium charges shall be payable by the mortgagee, either in cash, or in debentures issued by the Secretary under this subchapter at par plus accrued interest, in such manner as may be prescribed by the Secretary: *Provided*, That the Secretary may require the payment of one or more such premium charges at the time the mortgage is insured, at such discount rate as he may prescribe not in excess of the interest rate specified in the mortgage. If the Secretary finds, upon the presentation of a mortgage for insurance and the tender of the initial premium charge and such other charges as the Secretary may require, that the mortgage complies with the provisions of this subchapter, such mortgage may be accepted for insurance by endorsement or otherwise as the Secretary may prescribe. In the event that the principal obligation of any mortgage accepted for insurance under this subchapter is paid in full prior to the maturity date, the Secretary is authorized to refund to the mortgagee for the account of the mortgagor all, or such portion as he shall determine to be equitable, of the current unearned premium charges theretofore paid. The Secretary may reduce the payment of premiums provided for herein. The Secretary is further authorized to reduce the amount of the premium charge below one-half of 1 per centum per annum with respect to any mortgage on property acquired by the Secretary of Defense or his designee if the mortgage is insured pursuant to the provisions of this subchapter as in effect prior to August 11, 1955.

The failure of the mortgagor to make any payment due under or provided to be paid by the terms of a mortgage insured under this subchapter shall be considered a default under such mortgage, and, if such default continues for a period of thirty days, the mortgagee shall be entitled to receive the benefits of the insurance as hereinafter provided, upon assignment, transfer, and delivery to the Secretary, within a period and in accordance with rules and regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of (1) all rights and interest arising under the mortgage so in default; (2) all claims of the mortgagee against the mortgagor or others, arising out of the mortgage transactions; (3) all policies of title or other insurance or surety bonds or other guaranties and any and all claims thereunder; (4) any balance of the mortgage loan not advanced to the mortgagor; (5) any cash or property held by the mortgagee, or to which it is entitled, as deposits made for the account of the mortgagor and which have not been applied in reduction of the principal of the mortgage indebtedness; and (6) all records, documents, books, papers, and accounts relating to the mortgage transaction. Upon such assignment, transfer, and delivery, the obligation of the mortgagee to pay the premium charges for mortgage insurance shall cease, and the Secretary shall, subject to the cash adjustment provided for in subsection (e) of this section, issue to the mortgagee debentures having a total face value equal to the value of the mortgage, and a certificate of claim as hereinafter provided. For the purposes of this subsection, the value of the mortgage shall be determined in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary, by adding to the amount of the original principal obligation of the mortgage which was unpaid on the date of default, the amount the mortgagee may have paid for (A) taxes, special assessments, and water rates, which are liens prior to the mortgage; (B) insurance on the property; and (C) reasonable expenses for the completion and preservation of the property and any mortgage insurance premiums paid after default; less the sum of (i) any amount received on account of the mortgage after such date; and (ii) any net income received by the mortgagee from the property after such date.

Debentures issued under this subchapter shall be in such form and denominations in multiples of $50, shall be subject to such terms and conditions, and shall include such provisions for redemption, if any, as may be prescribed by the Secretary, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, and may be in coupon or registered form. Any difference between the value of the mortgage determined as herein provided and the aggregate face value of the debentures issued, not to exceed $50, shall be adjusted by the payment of cash by the Secretary to the mortgagee from the General Insurance Fund.

Debentures issued under this subchapter shall be executed in the name of the General Insurance Fund as obligor, shall be signed by the Secretary, by either his written or engraved signature, and shall be negotiable. All such debentures shall be dated as of the date of default as determined in accordance with subsection (d) of this section, and shall bear interest from such date at a rate established by the Secretary pursuant to section 1715*o* of this title, payable semiannually on the 1st day of January and the 1st day of July of each year, and shall mature twenty years after the date thereof. Such debentures shall be exempt, both as to principal and interest, from all taxation (except surtaxes, estate, inheritance, and gift taxes) now or hereafter imposed by any Territory, dependency, or possession of the United States or by the District of Columbia, or by any State, county, municipality, or local taxing authority. They shall be paid out of the General Insurance Fund, which shall be primarily liable therefor, and they shall be fully and unconditionally guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States, and such guaranty shall be expressed on the face of the debentures. In the event the General Insurance Fund fails to pay upon demand, when due, the principal of or interest on any debentures so guaranteed, the Secretary of the Treasury shall pay to the holders the amount thereof which is authorized to be appropriated, and thereupon to the extent of the amount so paid the Secretary of the Treasury shall succeed to all the rights of the holders of such debentures.

The certificate of claim issued by the Secretary to any mortgagee in connection with the insurance of mortgages under this subchapter shall be for an amount determined in accordance with subsections (e) and (f) of section 1739 of this title, except that any amount remaining after the payment of the full amount under the certificate of claim shall be retained by the Secretary and credited to the General Insurance Fund.

The provisions of section 1713(k) and (*l*) of this title shall be applicable to mortgages insured under this subchapter and to property acquired by the Secretary hereunder, except that as applied to such mortgages and property, the reference in section 1713(k) of this title to subsection (g) shall be construed to refer to subsection (d) of this section.

The Secretary shall also have power to insure under this subchapter or subchapter II of this chapter any mortgage executed in connection with the sale by him of any property acquired under this subchapter without regard to any limit as to eligibility, time or aggregate amount contained in this subchapter or subchapter II of this chapter.

Any contract of insurance executed by the Secretary under this subchapter shall be conclusive evidence of the eligibility of the mortgage for insurance and the validity of any contract of insurance so executed shall be incontestable in the hands of an approved mortgagee from the date of the execution of such contract, except for fraud or misrepresentation on the part of such approved mortgagee.

The Secretary shall not insure any mortgage under this section unless the principal contractor or contractors engaged in the construction of the project involved file a certificate or certificates (at such times, in the course of construction or otherwise, as the Secretary may prescribe) certifying that the laborers and mechanics employed in the construction of such project have been paid not less than one and one-half times the regular rate of pay for employment in excess of eight hours in any one day or in excess of forty hours in any one week.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VIII, §803, as added Aug. 8, 1949, ch. 403, §1, 63 Stat. 571; amended Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title VI, §601(a)–(c), 65 Stat. 312; June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §10, 67 Stat. 124; June 29, 1954, ch. 410, §1(2), 68 Stat. 320; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §§112(c), 128(a), 130, 68 Stat. 593, 609; June 30, 1955, ch. 251, §1(2), 69 Stat. 225; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title IV, §401, 69 Stat. 647; Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, title V, §§502–506(a), 70 Stat. 1109, 1110; Pub. L. 85–104, title I, §108(c), title V, §§501, 502, July 12, 1957, 71 Stat. 297, 303; Pub. L. 85–364, §3(b), Apr. 1, 1958, 72 Stat. 73; Pub. L. 86–149, title IV, §414(a), Aug. 10, 1959, 73 Stat. 322; Pub. L. 86–372, title VII, §701, Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 682; Pub. L. 86–500, title V, §507(a), (c), June 8, 1960, 74 Stat. 185, 186; Pub. L. 87–57, title VI, §607(a), June 27, 1961, 75 Stat. 111; Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §604(d), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 177; Pub. L. 87–623, §1, Aug. 31, 1962, 76 Stat. 418; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(u), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 506; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (p), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17, 19; Pub. L. 96–470, title I, §107(b), Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2238.)

The General Insurance Fund, referred to in text, was established by section 1735c of this title.

**1980**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 96–470 struck out provision requiring the Secretary to report to the Committees on Banking and Currency of the Senate and the House of Representatives each instance in which he has required the Secretary of Defense to guarantee the General Insurance Fund and the reasons therefor.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a), (b)(1), (2), (3)(A), (B), following (C), and (c) to (k).

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(p)(1)–(4), substituted “Secretary of Defense” for “Secretary” in first, third, and fourth sentences.

**1965**—Subsecs. (b)(1), (b)(2), (e), (f), (g). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(u)(1), substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “Armed Services Housing Mortgage Insurance Fund” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(u)(2), struck out provision that, as applied to mortgages insured under this subchapter and to property acquired by the Commissioner hereunder, reference in subsecs. (k) and (*l*) of section 1713 of this title to the “Housing Fund” shall be construed to refer to the “Armed Services Housing Mortgage Insurance Fund”.

**1962**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–623 substituted “mortgages shall be insured under this section after October 1, 1962” for “mortgages shall be insured under this subchapter after October 1, 1962”.

**1961**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–70 made amendment identical to that made by Pub. L. 87–57.

Pub. L. 87–57 substituted “October 1, 1962” for “October 1, 1961”, and “twenty-eight thousand family units” for “twenty-five thousand family housing units”.

**1960**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–500, §507(a), substituted “twenty-five thousand family housing units” for “twenty thousand family housing units”.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 86–500, §507(c), inserted proviso prohibiting, subject to the limitations of par. (B), the contracting for any family unit included in any mortgaged property after June 8, 1960, if the cost of the unit exceeds $19,800.

**1959**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–372, §701(a), substituted “October 1, 1961” for “September 30, 1960”.

Pub. L. 86–149 inserted provisions in subsec. (a) to prohibit insurance of mortgages under this subchapter after Sept. 30, 1960, and to limit the number of housing units which may be contracted for after June 30, 1959 to not more than 20,000.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 86–372, §701(b), (c), substituted “but not to exceed thirty years from the beginning of amortization of the mortgage” for “have a maturity of not to exceed twenty-five years”, and inserted provisions authorizing the property or project to include such nondwelling facilities as the Commission deems adequate to serve the occupants.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 86–372, §701(d), authorized the Commissioner to reduce the amount of the premium charge below one-half of 1 per centum per annum with respect to any mortgage on property acquired by the Secretary of Defense or his designee if the mortgage is insured pursuant to the provisions of this subchapter as in effect prior to August 11, 1955.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 86–372, §701(e), added subsec. (k).

**1958**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 85–364 increased the maximum amount of interest from 4 to 4½ per centum per annum.

**1957**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 85–104, §501, substituted “June 30, 1959” for “June 30, 1958”.

Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Pub. L. 85–104, §502, inserted proviso that should financing of housing to be constructed pursuant to a single invitation for bids be accomplished by two or more mortgages, any single mortgage may exceed an average of $16,500 if sum of all mortgages for such housing does not exceed average of $16,500.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 85–104, §108(c), substituted, in second sentence, “established by the Commissioner pursuant to section 1715*o* of this title” for “determined by the Commissioner with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, at the time the mortgage was accepted for insurance, but not to exceed 3 per centum per annum”.

**1956**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §§502, 503, inserted “(except mortgages insured pursuant to the provisions of this subchapter in effect prior to August 11, 1955)” and substituted “$2,300,000” for “$1,363,500,000” in first proviso and “June 30, 1958” for “September 30, 1956” in third proviso.

Subsec. (b)(2). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §504, required approval of Commissioner, with determination of Secretary, that new units will not substantially curtail occupancy in existing houses covered by mortgages insured under this chapter, and provided that if Commissioner requires Secretary to guarantee the armed services housing mortgages insurance fund from loss, he shall report to the Committees on Banking and Currency of the Senate and House of Representatives each instance in which he required such a guarantee.

Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §505, substituted “$16,500” for “$13,500” in two places, and inserted “(including ranges, refrigerators, shades, screens, and fixtures)”.

Subsec. (b)(3)(C). Act Aug. 7, 1956, §506(a), substituted “eligible bidder with respect to” for “eligible builder of”.

**1955**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 11, 1955, increased authorization from $500,000,000 to $1,363,500,000, and extended from June 30, 1955, to September 30, 1956, period within which mortgages can be insured.

Act June 30, 1955, extended termination date, with respect to authority to insure, from June 30, 1955, to July 31, 1955.

Subsec. (b). Act Aug. 11, 1955, authorized issuance of insurance for units necessary for reasons of safety, security, or other essential military requirements, or where adequate housing is not available at reasonable rentals within reasonable commuting distance, limited the amount of the mortgage to not more than the replacement cost of the property or project, restricted the amount of the mortgage to not more than an average of $13,500 for a family unit, and required the mortgage to mature in not more than 25 years.

Subsec. (c). Act Aug. 11, 1955, struck out authorization of Commissioner to require payment by mortgagee of an adjusted premium charge in event that principal obligation of mortgage is paid in full prior to maturity date.

Subsec. (d). Act Aug. 11, 1955, struck out provisions which authorized mortgagee to proceed to foreclose mortgage in event of a default, and which granted mortgagee right to elect benefits of insurance when the United States acquires, or commences condemnation proceedings to acquire, all or a substantial part, of mortgaged property.

Subsecs. (e) to (h). Act Aug. 11, 1955, substituted “Armed Services Housing Mortgage Insurance Fund” for “Military Housing Insurance Fund,” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (i). Act Aug. 11, 1955, struck out the power of the Commissioner to insure under subchapter VI of this chapter.

Subsec. (j). Act Aug. 11, 1955, reenacted provisions without change.

Subsec. (k). Act Aug. 11, 1955, struck out provisions which authorized utilization of the powers of the Federal National Mortgage Association and of any other Federal corporation or other Federal agency to purchase, service, or sell any mortgages, or partial interest therein.

**1954**—Subsec. (a). Acts Aug. 2, 1954, §128(a), and June 29, 1954, extended termination date, with respect to authority to insure, from July 31, 1954, to June 30, 1955, and from July 1, 1954, to July 31, 1954, respectively.

Subsec. (b). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §130, in par. immediately following subpar. (C) of par. (3) of the subsection, substituted the requirement that the mortgagor shall enter into the agreement required by section 1715r of this title for former provisions relating to certification of builders’ costs, the certifications now being prescribed into section 1715r.

Subsec. (f). Act Aug. 2, 1954, §112(c), in second sentence, substituted a twenty-year period for ten-year period, with respect to the maturity of debentures.

**1953**—Subsec. (a). Act June 30, 1953, §10(a), in second proviso substituted “July 1, 1954” for “July 1, 1953”.

Subsec. (b). Act June 30, 1953, §10(b), (c), inserted par. commencing “The mortgagor shall agree”; and, in first sentence of par. commencing “The mortgage shall provide”, substituted “4½ per centum” for “4 per centum”.

**1951**—Subsec. (a). Act Sept. 1, 1951, §601(a), substituted “July 1, 1953” for “July 1, 1951” in second proviso.

Subsec. (b)(3)(C). Act Sept. 1, 1951, §601(b), inserted proviso.

Subsec. (d). Act Sept. 1, 1951, §601(c), inserted reference to the Atomic Energy Commission in last sentence.

Amendment by section 112(c) of act Aug. 2, 1954, as not applicable in any case where the mortgage involved was insured or the commitment for such insurance was issued prior to Aug. 2, 1954, see section 112(e) of that act, set out as a note under section 1710 of this title.

Act Sept. 1, 1951, §601(a), provided that the amendment made by that section is effective July 1, 1951.

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VIII, §804, as added Aug. 8, 1949, ch. 403, §1, 63 Stat. 575; amended Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title IV, §401, 69 Stat. 650, provided for disposition and use of excess moneys in Armed Services Housing Mortgage Insurance Fund, issue and cancellation of debentures, and receipt and payment of credits and charges.

Whenever the Secretary of the Army, Navy, or Air Force determines that it is necessary to lease any land held by the United States on or near a military installation to effectuate the purposes of this subchapter, he may lease such land upon such terms and conditions as will, in his opinion, best serve the national interest. The authority conferred by this section shall be in addition to and not in derogation of any other power or authority of the Secretary of the Army, Navy, or Air Force.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VIII, §805, as added Aug. 8, 1949, ch. 403, §1, 63 Stat. 576; amended Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title IV, §401, 69 Stat. 651.)

**1955**—Act Aug. 11, 1955, struck out specific references to sections authorizing leases of property, and struck out the power to sell, transfer, and convey real property.

The second sentence of section 1715d of this title, as amended, relating to housing in the State of Alaska, shall not apply to mortgages insured under this subchapter on property in said State.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VIII, §806, as added Aug. 8, 1949, ch. 403, §1, 63 Stat. 576; amended Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title IV, §401, 69 Stat. 651; Pub. L. 86–70, §10(d), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 143.)

Section 1715d of this title, referred to in text, was in the original “section 214 of the National Housing Act, as amended”. Section 214 of that Act was classified originally to section 1715d of this title and to section 484d of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions. Section 484d of Title 48 has been omitted from the Code.

**1959**—Pub. L. 86–70 substituted “State” for “Territory” in two places.

**1955**—Act Aug. 11, 1955, reenacted section without change.

The Secretary is authorized and directed to make such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VIII, §807, as added Aug. 8, 1949, ch. 403, §1, 63 Stat. 576; amended Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title IV, §401, 69 Stat. 651; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (q), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17, 19.)

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” and struck out authorization for appointment by the Commissioner of a Special Assistant for Armed Services Housing for Mortgage Insurance with an adequate staff to expedite operations and eliminate administrative obstacles to this subchapter, respectively.

**1955**—Act Aug. 11, 1955, amended section generally, striking out provisions which stated that nothing should be construed as exempting property from taxation, and inserting provisions authorizing the Commissioner to make rules and regulations and to appoint a Special Assistant.

Except in the case of mortgages on multifamily rental housing projects insured under section 1748h–2 of this title, the cost certification required under section 1715r of this title shall not be required with respect to mortgages insured under the provisions of this subchapter.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VIII, §808, as added Aug. 8, 1949, ch. 403, §1, 63 Stat. 576; amended Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title IV, §401, 69 Stat. 651; Pub. L. 86–372, title VII, §704(b), Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 686.)

**1959**—Pub. L. 86–372 substituted “Except in the case of mortgages on multifamily rental housing projects insured under section 1748h–2 of this title, the” for “The”.

**1955**—Act Aug. 11, 1955, struck out provisions requiring cost certifications.

Section 1748g–1, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VIII, §810, as added Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title VI, §601(d), 65 Stat. 313, which related to mortgages on housing constructed for personnel of the Atomic Energy Commission, was omitted from the amendments to title VIII of act June 27, 1934, this subchapter, by act Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title IV, §401, 69 Stat. 646.

Section 1748h, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VIII, §809, as added May 2, 1950, ch. 151, 64 Stat. 97, which related to the procurement of services of architects and engineers by the Secretaries of the Army, Navy and Air Force to effectuate the purposes of this subchapter, was omitted from the amendment to title VIII of act June 27, 1934, this subchapter, by act Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title IV, §401, 69 Stat. 646.

Notwithstanding any other provisions of this subchapter and in addition to mortgages insured under section 1748b of this title, the Secretary may insure any mortgage under this section which meets the eligibility requirements set forth in section 1709(b) of this title: *Provided*, That a mortgage insured under this section shall have been executed by a mortgagor who at the time of insurance is the owner of the property and either occupies the property or certifies that his failure to do so is the result of a change in his employment by the Armed Forces or a contractor thereof and to whom the Secretary of Defense or his designee has issued a certificate indicating that such person requires housing and is at the date of the certificate a civilian employee at a research or development installation of one of the military departments of the United States or a contractor thereof and is considered by such military department to be an essential, nontemporary employee at such date. Such certificate shall be conclusive evidence to the Secretary of the employment status of the mortgagor and of the mortgagor's need for housing.

No mortgage shall be insured under this section unless the Secretary of Defense or his designee shall have certified to the Secretary that the housing is necessary to provide adequate housing for such civilians employed in connection with such a research or development installation and that there is no present intention to substantially curtail the number of such civilian personnel assigned or to be assigned to such installation. Such certification shall be conclusive evidence to the Secretary of the need for such housing but if the Secretary determines that insurance of mortgages on such housing is not an acceptable risk, he may require the Secretary of Defense to guarantee the General Insurance Fund from loss with respect to mortgages insured pursuant to this section: *Provided*, That the Secretary shall relieve the Secretary of Defense from any obligation to guarantee the General Insurance Fund from loss with respect to a mortgage assumed by a person ineligible to receive a certificate under subsection (a) of this section, if the original mortgagor is issued another certificate with respect to a mortgage insured under this section on property which the Secretary determines is not an acceptable risk. There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to provide for payment to meet losses arising from such guaranty.

The Secretary may accept any mortgage for insurance under this section without regard to any requirement in any other section of this chapter, that the project or property be economically sound or an acceptable risk.

Any mortgagee under a mortgage insured under this section is entitled to the benefits of insurance as provided in section 1710(a) of this title with respect to mortgages insured under section 1709 of this title.

The provisions of subsections (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h),1 (j), and (k) 1 of section 1710 of this title shall apply to mortgages insured under this section except that as applicable to those mortgages: (1) all references to the “Fund” or “Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund” shall refer to the “General Insurance Fund” and (2) all references to section 1709 of this title shall refer to this section.

The provisions of sections 1748, 1748a,1 1748b(c), 1748b(i), 1748b(j), 1748c(a),1 1748c(b),1 and 1748f of this title and the provisions of section 1748b(a) of this title relating to the aggregate amount of all mortgages insured under this subchapter, shall be applicable to mortgages insured under this section.

(1) A mortgage secured by property which is intended to provide housing for a person (i) employed or assigned to duty at or in connection with any research or development installation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and which is located at or near such installation, or (ii) employed at any research or development installation of the Atomic Energy Commission and which is located at or near such installation, may (if the mortgage otherwise meets the requirements of this section) be insured by the Secretary under the provisions of this section. The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (or his designee), in the case of any mortgage secured by property intended to provide housing for any person employed or assigned to duty at any such installation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission (or his designee), in the case of any mortgage secured by property intended to provide housing for any person employed at such installation of the Atomic Energy Commission, is authorized to guarantee and indemnify the General Insurance Fund against loss to the extent required by the Secretary, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of this section.

(2) For purposes of this subsection—

(i) The terms “Armed Forces”, “one of the military departments of the United States”, “military department”, “Secretary of Defense or his designee”, and “Secretary of Defense”, when used in subsections (a) and (b) of this section, shall be deemed to refer to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (or the Administrator thereof), or the Atomic Energy Commission (or the Chairman thereof), as may be appropriate;

(ii) The term “Secretary of the Army, Navy, or Air Force”, when used in section 1748d of this title, shall be deemed to refer to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration or the Administrator thereof, as may be appropriate;

(iii) The terms “civilian employee”, “civilians”, and “civilian personnel”, as used in this section, shall be deemed to refer to (A) employees of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration or a contractor thereof or to military personnel assigned to duty at an installation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or (B) persons employed at or in connection with any research or development installation of the Atomic Energy Commission, as the case may be; and

(iv) The term “military installation” when used in section 1748d of this title shall be deemed to refer to an installation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VIII, §809, as added June 13, 1956, ch. 381, 70 Stat. 273; amended Pub. L. 86–372, title I, §116(b), Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 664; Pub. L. 86–578, July 5, 1960, 74 Stat. 314; Pub. L. 86–774, §3, Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 915; Pub. L. 87–623, §2, Aug. 31, 1962, 76 Stat. 418; Pub. L. 88–127, §1, Sept. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 163; Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §202(c), title XI, §1108(v), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 466, 506; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (r), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17, 19; Pub. L. 91–78, §2(d), Sept. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 125; Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §101(f), Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 379; Pub. L. 91–432, §1(d), Oct. 2, 1970, 84 Stat. 887; Pub. L. 91–473, §1(d), Oct. 21, 1970, 84 Stat. 1065; Pub. L. 91–525, §1(d), Dec. 1, 1970, 84 Stat. 1384; Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §§101(f), 112, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1770, 1772; Pub. L. 92–503, §1(f), Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 906; Pub. L. 93–85, §1(f), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 220; Pub. L. 93–117, §1(f), Oct. 2, 1973, 87 Stat. 421; Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §316(d), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 685; Pub. L. 95–60, §1(e), June 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 257; Pub. L. 95–80, §1(e), July 31, 1977, 91 Stat. 339; Pub. L. 95–128, title III, §301(h), Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1131; Pub. L. 95–406, §1(h), Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 879; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §301(h), Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2096; Pub. L. 96–71, §1(h), Sept. 28, 1979, 93 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 96–105, §1(h), Nov. 8, 1979, 93 Stat. 794; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §301(h), Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1112; Pub. L. 96–372, §1(h), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1363; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §301(h), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1638; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §331(h)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 413; Pub. L. 97–289, §1(h), Oct. 6, 1982, 96 Stat. 1230; Pub. L. 98–35, §1(h), May 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 98–109, §1(h), Oct. 1, 1983, 97 Stat. 745; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §401(g), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1208; Pub. L. 99–120, §1(h)(1), Oct. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 503; Pub. L. 99–156, §1(h)(1), Nov. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 815; Pub. L. 99–219, §1(h)(1), Dec. 26, 1985, 99 Stat. 1730; Pub. L. 99–267, §1(i)(1), Mar. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 74; Pub. L. 99–272, title III, §3007(h)(1), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 105; Pub. L. 99–289, §1(b), May 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 99–345, §1, June 24, 1986, 100 Stat. 673; Pub. L. 99–430, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 986; Pub. L. 100–122, §1, Sept. 30, 1987, 101 Stat. 793; Pub. L. 100–154, Nov. 5, 1987, 101 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 100–170, Nov. 17, 1987, 101 Stat. 914; Pub. L. 100–179, Dec. 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 1018; Pub. L. 100–200, Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §401(a)(5), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1898; Pub. L. 101–625, title IX, §952(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4418; Pub. L. 102–550, title IX, §904(b), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3868.)

The General Insurance Fund, referred to in text, was established by section 1735c of this title.

Subsection (h) of section 1710 of this title, referred to in subsec. (e), was redesignated subsec. (i) by Pub. L. 105–276, title VI, §602(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2674.

Subsection (k) of section 1710 of this title, referred to in subsec. (e), was repealed by Pub. L. 105–276, title VI, §601(c), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2673.

Sections 1748a and 1748c of this title, referred to in subsec. (f), were repealed by Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(aa), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 507.

A prior section 809 of title VIII of act June 27, 1934, as added May 2, 1950, ch. 151, 64 Stat. 97, which related to the procurement of services of architects and engineers by the armed services to effectuate purposes of this subchapter, was classified to section 1748h of this title.

**1992**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 102–550 struck out subsec. (h) which related to an Advanced Building Technology Program. See section 1701j–2(h) of this title.

**1990**—Subsecs. (h) to (j). Pub. L. 101–625, §952(b), which directed the addition of subsec. (h) relating to an Advanced Building Technology Program and the redesignation of subsecs. (h) and (i) as (i) and (j), respectively, was executed by adding subsec. (h) because this section did not contain subsec. (h) or (i).

**1988**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–242 struck out “No more mortgages shall be insured under this section after March 15, 1988, except pursuant to a commitment to insure before such date.”

**1987**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–200 substituted “March 15, 1988” for “December 16, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–179 substituted “December 16, 1987” for “December 2, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–170 substituted “December 2, 1987” for “November 15, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–154 substituted “November 15, 1987” for “October 31, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–122 substituted “October 31, 1987” for “September 30, 1987”.

**1986**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–430 substituted “September 30, 1987” for “September 30, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–345 substituted “September 30, 1986” for “June 6, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–289 substituted “June 6, 1986” for “April 30, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–272 made amendment identical to Pub. L. 99–219. See 1985 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 99–267 substituted “April 30, 1986” for “March 17, 1986”.

**1985**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–219 substituted “March 17, 1986” for “December 15, 1985”.

Pub. L. 99–156 substituted “December 15, 1985” for “November 14, 1985”.

Pub. L. 99–120 substituted “November 14, 1985” for “September 30, 1985”.

**1983**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–181 substituted “September 30, 1985” for “November 30, 1983”.

Pub. L. 98–109 substituted “November 30, 1983” for “September 30, 1983”.

Pub. L. 98–35 substituted “September 30, 1983” for “May 20, 1983”.

**1982**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–289 substituted “May 20, 1983” for “September 30, 1982”.

**1981**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–35 substituted “1982” for “1981”.

**1980**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–399 substituted “September 30, 1981” for “October 15, 1980”.

Pub. L. 96–372 substituted “October 15, 1980” for “September 30, 1980”.

**1979**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–153 substituted “September 30, 1980” for “November 30, 1979”.

Pub. L. 96–105 substituted “November 30, 1979” for “October 31, 1979”.

Pub. L. 96–71 substituted “October 31, 1979” for “September 30, 1979”.

**1978**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–557 substituted “September 30, 1979” for “October 31, 1978”.

Pub. L. 95–406 substituted “October 31, 1978” for “September 30, 1978”.

**1977**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–128 substituted “September 30, 1978” for “September 30, 1977”.

Pub. L. 95–80 substituted “September 30, 1977” for “July 31, 1977”.

Pub. L. 95–60 substituted “July 31, 1977” for “June 30, 1977”.

**1974**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–383 substituted “June 30, 1977” for “October 1, 1974”.

**1973**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–117 substituted “October 1, 1974” for “October 1, 1973”.

Pub. L. 93–85 substituted “October 1, 1973” for “June 30, 1973”.

**1972**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 92–503 substituted “June 30, 1973” for “October 1, 1972”.

**1970**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–609, §112, inserted the proviso.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 91–609, §101(f), substituted “October 1, 1972” for “January 1, 1971”.

Pub. L. 91–525 substituted “January 1, 1971” for “December 1, 1970”.

Pub. L. 91–473 substituted “December 1, 1970” for “November 1, 1970”.

Pub. L. 91–432 substituted “November 1, 1970” for “October 1, 1970”.

**1969**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 91–152 substituted “October 1, 1970” for “January 1, 1970”.

Pub. L. 91–78 substituted “January 1, 1970” for “October 1, 1969”.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a) to (c) and (g)(1).

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(r)(1), substituted “Secretary of Defense” for “Secretary”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(r)(1), (2), substituted “Secretary of Defense” for “Secretary” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(r)(3), (4), substituted “Secretary of Defense” for “Secretary” in cl. (i) and “the National Aeronautics and Space Administration” for “such Administration”, wherever appearing, respectively.

**1965**—Subsecs. (b), (e). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(v), substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “Armed Services Housing Mortgage Insurance Fund” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 89–117, §202(c), substituted “October 1, 1969” for “October 1, 1965”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(v), substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “Armed Services Housing Mortgage Insurance Fund” wherever appearing.

**1963**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 88–127, §1(1), substituted “October 1, 1965” for “October 1, 1963”.

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 88–127, §1(2), substituted “or in connection with any” for “a”, struck out requirement that such installation belong to a military department of the United States on or after June 13, 1956, before its transfer to the Administration, in cl. (i), and extended cl. (ii) to include persons at any installation of the Atomic Energy Commission instead of only the one in Los Alamos County, N. Mex.

Subsec. (g)(2)(iii). Pub. L. 88–127, §1(3), extended cl. (B) to include persons at any installation of the Atomic Energy Commission instead of only the one in Los Alamos, N. Mex.

**1962**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 87–623 provided that no mortgages shall be insured under this section after October 1, 1963, except pursuant to a commitment before such date, and struck out “and the expiration date of the Commissioner's authority to insure” after “amount of all mortgages insured”.

**1960**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 86–774 designated part of existing provisions as par. (1), inserting cl. (ii) and “in the case of any mortgage secured by property intended to provide housing for any person employed or assigned to duty at any such installation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission (or his designee), in the case of any mortgage secured by property intended to provide housing for any person employed at such installation of the Atomic Energy Commission” and striking out “in the case of mortgages referred to in this subsection” after “subsection (b) of this section”, and designated cl. (1) as par. (2)(i) and (ii), cl. (2) as par. (2)(iii), adding subpar. (B), and cl. (3) as par. (2)(iv).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 86–578 added subsec. (g).

**1959**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 86–372 inserted reference to subsec. (k) to section 1710 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

Atomic Energy Commission abolished and functions transferred by sections 5814 and 5841 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. See also Transfer of Functions notes set out under those sections.

1 See References in Text note below.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, the Secretary may insure and make commitments to insure any mortgage under this section which meets the eligibility requirements hereinafter set forth.

No mortgage shall be insured under this section unless (1) the housing which is covered by the insured mortgage is necessary in the interest of national security in order to provide adequate housing for (A) military personnel and essential civilian personnel serving or employed in connection with any installation of one of the armed services of the United States, or (B) essential personnel employed or assigned to duty at or in connection with any research or development installation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration or of the Atomic Energy Commission, (2) there is no present intention to curtail substantially the number of such personnel assigned or to be assigned to the installation, (3) adequate housing is not available for such personnel at reasonable rentals within reasonable commuting distances of such installation, and (4) the mortgaged property will not so far as can be reasonably foreseen substantially curtail occupancy in any existing housing in the vicinity of the installation which is covered by mortgages insured under this chapter.

The Secretary may accept any mortgage for insurance under this section without regard to any requirement in any other section of this chapter that the property or project be economically sound.

The Secretary shall require each project covered by a mortgage insured under this section to be held for rental for a period of not less than five years after the project or dwelling is made available for initial occupancy or until he finds that the housing may be released from such rental condition. The Secretary shall prescribe such procedures as in his judgment are necessary to secure reasonable preference or priority in the sale or rental of dwellings covered by a mortgage insured under this section for military personnel and essential civilian employees of the armed services, employees of contractors for the armed services, and persons described in clause (1)(B) of subsection (b) of this section.

For the purpose of providing multifamily rental housing projects or housing projects consisting of individual single-family dwellings for sale, the Secretary is authorized to insure mortgages (including advances on such mortgages during construction) which cover property held by a mortgagor approved by the Secretary. Any such mortgagor shall possess powers necessary therefor and incidental thereto and shall until the termination of all obligations of the Secretary under such insurance be regulated or restricted as to rents or sales, charges, capital structure, rate of return, and methods of operation to such extent and in such manner as to provide reasonable rentals to tenants and a reasonable return on the investment. The Secretary may make such contracts with, and acquire for not to exceed $100 such stock or interest in, any such mortgagor as he may deem necessary to render effective such restriction or regulation. Such stock or interest shall be paid for out of the General Insurance Fund, and shall be redeemed by the mortgagor at par upon the termination of all obligations of the Secretary under the insurance.

To be eligible for insurance under this section, a mortgage on any multifamily rental property or project shall involve a principal obligation in an amount not to exceed, for such part of such property or project as may be attributable to dwelling use, $9,000 per family unit without a bedroom, $12,500 per family unit with one bedroom, $15,000 per family unit with two bedrooms, and $18,500 per family unit with three or more bedrooms, and not to exceed 90 per centum of the estimated value of the property or project when the proposed physical improvements are completed. The Secretary may, by regulation, increase any of the foregoing dollar amount limitations contained in this paragraph by not to exceed 45 per centum in any geographical area where he finds that cost levels so require.

To be eligible for insurance under this section a mortgage on any property or project constructed for eventual sale of single-family dwellings shall involve a principal obligation in an amount not to exceed a sum computed on the basis of a separate mortgage for each single-family dwelling (irrespective of whether such dwelling has a party wall or is otherwise physically connected with another dwelling or dwellings) comprising the property or project equal to the total of each of the maximum principal obligations of such mortgages which would meet the requirements of section 1709(b)(2) of this title if the mortgagor were the owner and occupant who had made the required payment on account of the property prescribed in such paragraph.

Any mortgage insured under this section shall provide for complete amortization by periodic payments within such terms as the Secretary may prescribe but not to exceed the maximum term applicable to mortgages under section 1713 of this title and shall bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee, except that individual mortgages of the character described in subsection (g) of this section covering the individual dwellings in the project may have a term not in excess of the maximum term applicable to mortgages insured under section 1709 of this title or the unexpired term of the project mortgage at the time of the release of the mortgaged property from such project mortgage, whichever is the greater, and shall bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee. The Secretary may consent to the release of a part or parts of the mortgaged property from the lien of the mortgage upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe and the mortgage may provide for such release, and a mortgage of the character described in subsection (g) of this section may provide that, at any time after the release of the project from the rental period prescribed by subsection (d) of this section, such mortgage may be replaced, in whole or in part, by individual mortgages covering each individual dwelling in the project in amounts not to exceed the unpaid balance of the blanket mortgage allocable to the individual property. Each such individual mortgage may be insured under this section. Property covered by a mortgage insured under this section may include eight or more family units and may include such commercial and community facilities as the Secretary deems adequate to serve the occupants.

The aggregate number of dwelling units (including all units in multifamily projects or individual dwellings) covered by outstanding commitments to insure and mortgages insured under this section shall at no time exceed five thousand dwelling units.

The provisions of subsections (d), (e), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (*l*), and (n) of section 1713 of this title shall be applicable to mortgages insured under this section except individual mortgages of the character described in subsection (g) of this section covering the individual dwellings in the project, and as to such individual mortgages the provisions of subsections (a), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h),1 (j), and (k) 1 of section 1710 of this title shall be applicable: *Provided*, That wherever the words “Fund” or “Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund” appear in section 1710 of this title, such reference shall refer to the General Insurance Fund with respect to mortgages insured under this section.

The provisions of sections 1748, 1748a,1 1748b(c), 1748b(i), 1748b(j), 1748c(a), 1748c(b),1 and 1748f of this title and the provisions of section 1748b(a) of this title relating to the aggregate amount of all mortgages insured under this subchapter shall be applicable to mortgages insured under this section.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VIII, §810, as added Pub. L. 86–372, title VII, §704(a), Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 683; amended Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §611(a), June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 180; Pub. L. 87–623, §3, Aug. 31, 1962, 76 Stat. 418; Pub. L. 88–127, §2, Sept. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 163; Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §107(f), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 776; Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §202(c), title XI, §1108(w), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 466, 506; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 90–448, title XVII, §1722(f), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 611; Pub. L. 91–78, §2(e), Sept. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 125; Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §101(g), Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 379; Pub. L. 91–432, §1(e), Oct. 2, 1970, 84 Stat. 887; Pub. L. 91–473, §1(e), Oct. 21, 1970, 84 Stat. 1065; Pub. L. 91–525, §1(e), Dec. 1, 1970, 84 Stat. 1384; Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §101(g), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1770; Pub. L. 92–503, §1(g), Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 906; Pub. L. 93–85, §1(g), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 220; Pub. L. 93–117, §1(g), Oct. 2, 1973, 87 Stat. 421; Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §§304(j), 316(e), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 678, 685; Pub. L. 95–60, §1(f), June 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 257; Pub. L. 95–80, §1(f), July 31, 1977, 91 Stat. 339; Pub. L. 95–128, title III, §301(i), Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1131; Pub. L. 95–406, §1(i), Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 879; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §301(i), Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2096; Pub. L. 96–71, §1(i), Sept. 28, 1979, 93 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 96–105, §1(i), Nov. 8, 1979, 93 Stat. 794; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §301(i), Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1112; Pub. L. 96–372, §1(i), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1363; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §301(i), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1639; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §331(h)(2), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 413; Pub. L. 97–289, §1(i), Oct. 6, 1982, 96 Stat. 1230; Pub. L. 98–35, §1(i), May 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 98–109, §1(i), Oct. 1, 1983, 97 Stat. 745; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §401(h), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1208; Pub. L. 99–120, §1(h)(2), Oct. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 503; Pub. L. 99–156, §1(h)(2), Nov. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 816; Pub. L. 99–219, §1(h)(2), Dec. 26, 1985, 99 Stat. 1731; Pub. L. 99–267, §1(i)(2), Mar. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 74; Pub. L. 99–272, title III, §3007(h)(2), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 105; Pub. L. 99–289, §1(b), May 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 99–345, §1, June 24, 1986, 100 Stat. 673; Pub. L. 99–430, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 986; Pub. L. 100–122, §1, Sept. 30, 1987, 101 Stat. 793; Pub. L. 100–154, Nov. 5, 1987, 101 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 100–170, Nov. 17, 1987, 101 Stat. 914; Pub. L. 100–179, Dec. 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 1018; Pub. L. 100–200, Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §§401(a)(6), 429(k), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1898, 1919.)

The General Insurance Fund, referred to in text, was established by section 1735c of this title.

Subsection (h) of section 1710 of this title, referred to in subsec. (j), was redesignated subsec. (i) by Pub. L. 105–276, title VI, §602(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2674.

Subsection (k) of section 1710 of this title, referred to in subsec. (j), was repealed by Pub. L. 105–276, title VI, §601(c), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2673.

Sections 1748a and 1748c of this title, referred to in subsec. (k), were repealed by Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108 (aa), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 507.

A prior section 810 of title VIII of act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, as added Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title VI, §601(d), 65 Stat. 313, which related to mortgage on housing constructed for personnel of the Atomic Energy Commission, was classified to section 1748g–1 of this title.

**1988**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 100–242, §429(k), substituted “at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee” for “(exclusive of premium charges for insurance) at not to exceed the rate applicable to mortgages insured under section 1713 of this title” and “such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee” for “not to exceed the rate applicable to mortgages insured under section 1709 of this title”.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 100–242, §401(a)(6), struck out “No more mortgages shall be insured under this section after March 15, 1988, except pursuant to a commitment to insure before such date.”

**1987**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 100–200 substituted “March 15, 1988” for “December 16, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–179 substituted “December 16, 1987” for “December 2, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–170 substituted “December 2, 1987” for “November 15, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–154 substituted “November 15, 1987” for “October 31, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–122 substituted “October 31, 1987” for “September 30, 1987”.

**1986**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 99–430 substituted “September 30, 1987” for “September 30, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–345 substituted “September 30, 1986” for “June 6, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–289 substituted “June 6, 1986” for “April 30, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–272 made amendment identical to Pub. L. 99–219. See 1985 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 99–267 substituted “April 30, 1986” for “March 17, 1986”.

**1985**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 99–219 substituted “March 17, 1986” for “December 15, 1985”.

Pub. L. 99–156 substituted “December 15, 1985” for “November 14, 1985”.

Pub. L. 99–120 substituted “November 14, 1985” for “September 30, 1985”.

**1983**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 98–181 substituted “September 30, 1985” for “November 30, 1983”.

Pub. L. 98–109 substituted “November 30, 1983” for “September 30, 1983”.

Pub. L. 98–35 substituted “September 30, 1983” for “May 20, 1983”.

**1982**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 97–289 substituted “May 20, 1983” for “September 30, 1982”.

**1981**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 97–35 substituted “1982” for “1981”.

**1980**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 96–399 substituted “September 30, 1981” for “October 15, 1980”.

Pub. L. 96–372 substituted “October 15, 1980” for “September 30, 1980”.

**1979**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 96–153 substituted “September 30, 1980” for “November 30, 1979”.

Pub. L. 96–105 substituted “November 30, 1979” for “October 31, 1979”.

Pub. L. 96–71 substituted “October 31, 1979” for “September 30, 1979”.

**1978**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 95–557 substituted “September 30, 1979” for “October 31, 1978”.

Pub. L. 95–406 substituted “October 31, 1978” for “September 30, 1978”.

**1977**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 95–128 substituted “September 30, 1978” for “September 30, 1977”.

Pub. L. 95–80 substituted “September 30, 1977” for “July 31, 1977”.

Pub. L. 95–60 substituted “July 31, 1977” for “June 30, 1977”.

**1974**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–383, §304(j)(1), struck out “(1) not to exceed $5,000,000 or (2)” after “in an amount”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 93–383, §304(j)(2), struck out “not to exceed $5,000,000 and” after “in an amount”.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 93–383, §316(e), substituted “June 30, 1977” for “October 1, 1974”.

**1973**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 93–117 substituted “October 1, 1974” for “October 1, 1973”.

Pub. L. 93–85 substituted “October 1, 1973” for “June 30, 1973”.

**1972**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 92–503 substituted “June 30, 1973” for “October 1, 1972”.

**1970**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 91–609 substituted “October 1, 1972” for “January 1, 1971”.

Pub. L. 91–525 substituted “January 1, 1971” for “December 1, 1970”.

Pub. L. 91–473 substituted “December 1, 1970” for “November 1, 1970”.

Pub. L. 91–432 substituted “November 1, 1970” for “October 1, 1970”.

**1969**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 91–152 substituted “October 1, 1970” for “January 1, 1970”.

Pub. L. 91–78 substituted “January 1, 1970” for “October 1, 1969”.

**1968**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 90–448 substituted “mortgagor approved by the Secretary” for “private corporation, association, cooperative society, or trust” in first sentence, and “mortgagor” for “corporation, association, cooperative society, or trust” in third and fourth sentences.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a), (c) to (f), and (h).

**1965**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(w)(1), substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “Armed Services Housing Mortgage Insurance Fund”.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(w)(2), (3), struck out reference to subsecs. (m) and (p) of section 1713 of this title and, in proviso, substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “Armed Services Housing Mortgage Insurance Fund” and struck out reference to the appearance of “Housing Insurance Fund” in sections 1710 and 1713 of this title and the appearance of “Fund” or “Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund” in section 1713 of this title.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 89–117, §202(c), substituted “October 1, 1969” for “October 1, 1965”.

**1964**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 88–560 changed limits on mortgages for multifamily rental property or project, in cl. (2) of the first sentence from “$2,500 per room (or $9,000 per family unit if the number of rooms in such property or project is less than four per family unit)” to “$9,000 per family unit without a bedroom, $12,500 per family unit with one bedroom, $15,000 per family unit with two bedrooms, and $18,500 per family unit with three or more bedrooms”; and, in the second sentence, inserted “, by regulation,” and substituted provisions authorizing an increase “by not to exceed 45 per centum” of any of such limits because of cost levels for former provision authorizing such an increase “by not to exceed $1,000 per room”, respectively.

**1963**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 88–127, §2(1), included essential personnel employed or assigned to duty at or in connection with any research or development installation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration or of the Atomic Energy Commission.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 88–127, §2(2), included persons described in cl. (1)(B) of subsec. (b) of this section.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 88–127, §2(3), substituted “October 1, 1965” for “October 1, 1963”.

**1962**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 87–623 provided that no mortgages shall be insured under this section after October 1, 1963, except pursuant to a commitment before such date, and struck out “and the expiration date of the Commissioner's authority to insure” after “amount of all mortgages insured”.

**1961**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 87–70, §611(a)(1), struck out provisions which required certification by Secretary of Defense or his designee.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 87–70, §611(a)(2), struck out provisions which related to certification and advice of Secretary of Defense or his designee.

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 87–70, §611(a)(3), repealed subsec. (*l*) which required Secretary of Defense to guarantee Armed Services Housing Mortgage Insurance Fund from loss.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

Atomic Energy Commission abolished and functions transferred by sections 5814 and 5841 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. See, also, Transfer of Functions notes set out under those sections.

Equitable application of amendment to subsec. (f) of this section by section 107(f) of Pub. L. 88–560 or pre-amendment provisions to projects submitted for consideration prior to Sept. 2, 1964, see section 107(g) of Pub. L. 88–560, set out as a note under section 1713 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) The Secretary is authorized to make payments in lieu of taxes on any real property to which title has been or is hereafter acquired by him in fee under section 1748b of this title as effective prior to August 11, 1955, and on which taxes or payments in lieu of such taxes were payable or paid prior to acquisition by the Secretary. Such payments may be made in connection with tax years occurring prior to or subsequent to October 5, 1962. The amount of any such payments shall not exceed taxes on similar property and shall not include interest or penalties. If the Secretary has acquired or hereafter acquires title in fee to real property by foreclosure or by transfer from some other department or agency of the Government or otherwise during a tax year, he may make a payment in lieu of taxes prorated for that portion of the year remaining after his acquisition of title. This subsection shall not authorize any lien against property held by the Secretary, nor the payment of any tax, nor any payment in lieu of any tax, on any interest of the Secretary as lessee or mortgagee.

(b) Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to exempt any real property which has been or is hereafter acquired and held by the Secretary under section 1748h–1 or 1748h–2 of this title from taxation by any State or political subdivision thereof, to the same extent, according to its value, as other real property is taxed.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VIII, §811, as added Pub. L. 87–756, Oct. 5, 1962, 76 Stat. 751; amended Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

**1967**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing.

Section, act Sept. 28, 1951, ch. 434, title V, §505, 65 Stat. 365, related to appropriation and expenditure of funds for acquisition of land, installation of outside utilities, and site preparation for housing projects constructed under this subchapter.

Section 1749, acts Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title IV, §401, 64 Stat. 77; June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §24(b), 67 Stat. 128; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VIII, §808(b), 68 Stat. 646; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title III, §301, 69 Stat. 644; Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, title VI, §601, 70 Stat. 1113; July 12, 1957, Pub. L. 85–104, title VI, §601(a), 71 Stat. 303; Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–372, title VI, §§601, 603(b), 73 Stat. 681, 682; Sept. 14, 1960, Pub. L. 86–788, §2(b), 74 Stat. 1028; June 30, 1961, Pub. L. 87–70, title IV, §401, 75 Stat. 172; Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, title VI, §§601, 602, 604(b), 79 Stat. 489; May 24, 1966, Pub. L. 89–429, §3(b), 80 Stat. 166; Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–754, title X, §1014(b), 80 Stat. 1292; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §8(a), 81 Stat. 22; Aug. 1, 1968, Pub. L. 90–448, title XVII, §1705(b)–(e), (g)(1), 82 Stat. 604, 605; Dec. 24, 1969, Pub. L. 91–152, title II, §219, 83 Stat. 390; July 24, 1970, Pub. L. 91–351, title VII, §710, 84 Stat. 463; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–609, title II, §205, 84 Stat. 1777; Oct. 17, 1984, Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §203(e)(1), 98 Stat. 2230, authorized Federal loans and grants to assist educational institutions in providing housing and other educational facilities for students and faculties.

Section 1749a, acts Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title IV, §402, 64 Stat. 78; Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–372, title VI, §602, 73 Stat. 681; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §8(a), (b), 81 Stat. 22; Jan. 2, 1975, Pub. L. 93–604, title VII, §705(b), 88 Stat. 1964; Oct. 31, 1983, Pub. L. 98–139, title III, §308, 97 Stat. 895; Oct. 17, 1984, Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §§201(d)(1), 203(e)(2)–(4), 204(d), 98 Stat. 2228, 2230, 2233; Nov. 8, 1984, Pub. L. 98–619, title III, §308, 98 Stat. 3329; Dec. 12, 1985, Pub. L. 99–178, title III, §307, 99 Stat. 1128; Oct. 18, 1986, Pub. L. 99–500, §101(i) [H.R. 5233, title III, §307], 100 Stat. 1783–287, and Oct. 30, 1986, Pub. L. 99–591, §101(i) [H.R. 5233, title III, §307], 100 Stat. 3341–287; Dec. 22, 1987, Pub. L. 100–202, §106, 101 Stat. 1329–433, related to powers and duties of Secretary in carrying out subchapter.

Section 1749b, acts Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title IV, §403, 64 Stat. 80; June 30, 1961, Pub. L. 87–70, title IV, §402, 75 Stat. 173; Aug. 1, 1968, Pub. L. 90–448, title XVII, §1705(f), 82 Stat. 604, related to apportionment of funds.

Section 1749c, acts Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title IV, §404, 64 Stat. 80; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title III, §§302, 303, 69 Stat. 645; July 12, 1957, Pub. L. 85–104, title VI, §601(b), 71 Stat. 304; Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–372, title VI, §603(a), 73 Stat. 682; June 30, 1961, Pub. L. 87–70, title IV, §403, 75 Stat. 173; Sept. 2, 1964, Pub. L. 88–560, title X, §1002, 78 Stat. 806; Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, title VI, §§603, 604(a), 79 Stat. 489; Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–754, title X, §1014(a), 80 Stat. 1292; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §8(a), (c), 81 Stat. 22; Aug. 1, 1968, Pub. L. 90–448, title XVII, §1705(g)(2)–(7), 82 Stat. 605; Oct. 17, 1984, Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §201(d)(2), 98 Stat. 2228, defined terms used in subchapter.

On and after December 19, 1963, necessary expenses of inspections and of providing representatives at the site of projects being planned or undertaken by local public agencies pursuant to title I of the Housing Act of 1949, as amended [42 U.S.C. 1450 et seq.], projects financed through loans to educational institutions authorized by this subchapter, projects and facilities financed by loans to public agencies pursuant to title II of the Housing Amendments of 1955, as amended [42 U.S.C. 1491 et seq.], urban planning financed through grants to State and local government agencies pursuant to chapter 35 of title 40, and reserves of planned public works financed through advances to municipalities and other public agencies pursuant to chapter 35 of title 40, as amended, shall be compensated by such agencies or institutions by the payment of fixed fees which in the aggregate will cover the costs of rendering such services, and expenses for such purpose shall be considered nonadministrative; and for the purpose of providing such inspections, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may utilize any agency and such agency may accept reimbursement or payment for such services from such institutions, or the Secretary, and shall credit such amounts to the appropriations or funds against which such charges have been made.

(Pub. L. 88–215, title I, Dec. 19, 1963, 77 Stat. 437; Pub. L. 89–174, §5, Sept. 9, 1965, 79 Stat. 669.)

The Housing Act of 1949, as amended, referred to in text, is act July 15, 1949, ch. 338, 63 Stat. 413, as amended. Title I of the Housing Act of 1949 which was classified generally to subchapter II (§1450 et seq.) of chapter 8A of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, was omitted from the Code pursuant to section 5316 of Title 42 which terminated the authority to make grants or loans under such chapter after Jan. 1, 1975. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1441 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Housing Amendments of 1955, referred to in text, is act Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, 69 Stat. 645, as amended. Title II of the Act was classified generally to chapter 8B (§1491 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and was omitted from the Code pursuant to section 5316 of Title 42 which terminated authority to make grants or loans under such title II after Jan. 1, 1975. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of this title and Tables.

“Chapter 35 of title 40” substituted in text for “title VII of the Housing Act of 1954, as amended” and for “title VII of the Housing Act of 1954” on authority of Pub. L. 107–217, §5(c), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1303, the first section of which enacted Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works.

Section was enacted as part of the Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1964, Pub. L. 88–215, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Oct. 3, 1962, Pub. L. 87–741, title I, 76 Stat. 728.

Aug. 17, 1961, Pub. L. 87–141, title I, 75 Stat. 353.

July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86–626, title I, 74 Stat. 434.

Sept. 14, 1959, Pub. L. 86–255, title I, 73 Stat. 508.

Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–844, title I, 72 Stat. 1070.

June 29, 1957, Pub. L. 85–69, title I, 71 Stat. 233.

June 27, 1956, ch. 452, title I, 70 Stat. 345.

June 30, 1955, ch. 244, title I, 69 Stat. 206.

June 24, 1954, ch. 359, title I, 68 Stat. 283.

July 31, 1953, ch. 302, title I, 67 Stat. 305.

July 5, 1952, ch. 578, title I, 66 Stat. 402.

Aug. 31, 1951, ch. 376, title I, 65 Stat. 276.

Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, Ch. VIII, title I, 64 Stat. 709.

“Secretary” substituted for “Administrator” pursuant to section 5 of Pub. L. 89–174, Sept. 9, 1965, 79 Stat. 669, which transferred functions, powers, and duties of Housing and Home Finance Agency and its Administrator to Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, and which is classified to section 3534 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Section 101 of Pub. L. 89–555, title I, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 684, limited nonadministrative expenses to $5,535,000 for fiscal year 1966. Similar provisions for prior fiscal years were contained in acts Aug. 31, 1951, ch. 376, title I, §101, 65 Stat. 276; July 5, 1952, ch. 578, title I, §101, 66 Stat. 402; July 31, 1953, ch. 302, title I, §101, 67 Stat. 305; June 24, 1954, ch. 359, title I, §101, 68 Stat. 283; June 30, 1955, ch. 244, title I, §101, 69 Stat. 206; May 19, 1956, ch. 313, Ch. V, §501, 70 Stat. 166; June 27, 1956, ch. 452, title I, §101, 70 Stat. 346; June 29, 1957, Pub. L. 85–69, title I, §101, 71 Stat. 233; Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–844, title I, §101, 72 Stat. 1070; Sept. 14, 1959, Pub. L. 86–255, title I, §101, 73 Stat. 508; July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86–626, title I, §101, 74 Stat. 435; Aug. 17, 1961, Pub. L. 87–141, title I, §101, 75 Stat. 353; Oct. 3, 1962, Pub. L. 87–741, title I, §101, 76 Stat. 729; Dec. 19, 1963, Pub. L. 88–215, title I, §101, 77 Stat. 437; Aug. 30, 1964, Pub. L. 88–507, title I, §101, 78 Stat. 655; Aug. 16, 1965, Pub. L. 89–128, title I, §101, 79 Stat. 531.

Section 1749aa, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title X, §1001, as added Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §201(a), 79 Stat. 461; amended Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–754, title X, §§1019, 1020(f), 80 Stat. 1295, 1296; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), 81 Stat. 17, defined terms for this subchapter.

Section 1749bb, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title X, §1002, as added Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §201(a), 79 Stat. 462; amended Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–754, title IV, §402, 80 Stat. 1272; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (4), 81 Stat. 17; Aug. 1, 1968, Pub. L. 90–448, title III, §310, 82 Stat. 509; Sept. 30, 1969, Pub. L. 91–78, §2(f), 83 Stat. 125; Dec. 24, 1969, Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §101(h), 83 Stat. 379; Oct. 2, 1970, Pub. L. 91–432, §1(f), 84 Stat. 887; Oct. 21, 1970, Pub. L. 91–473, §1(f), 84 Stat. 1065; Dec. 1, 1970, Pub. L. 91–525, §1(f), 84 Stat. 1384; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §101(h), 84 Stat. 1770; Oct. 18, 1972, Pub. L. 92–503, §1(h), 86 Stat. 906; Aug. 10, 1973, Pub. L. 93–85, §1(h), 87 Stat. 220; Oct. 2, 1973, Pub. L. 93–117, §1(h), 87 Stat. 422; Aug. 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §§304(k), 314, 316(f), 88 Stat. 678, 684, 685; June 30, 1977, Pub. L. 95–60, §1(g), 91 Stat. 257; July 31, 1977, Pub. L. 95–80, §1(g), 91 Stat. 339; Oct. 12, 1977, Pub. L. 95–128, title III, §301(j), 91 Stat. 1131; Sept. 30, 1978, Pub. L. 95–406, §1(j), 92 Stat. 879; Oct. 31, 1978, Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §301(j), 92 Stat. 2096; Sept. 28, 1979, Pub. L. 96–71, §1(j), 93 Stat. 501; Nov. 8, 1979, Pub. L. 96–105, §1(j), 93 Stat. 794; Dec. 21, 1979, Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §301(j), 93 Stat. 1112; Oct. 3, 1980, Pub. L. 96–372, §1(j), 94 Stat. 1363; Oct. 8, 1980, Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §301(j), 94 Stat. 1639; Aug. 13, 1981, Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §331(i), 95 Stat. 413; Oct. 6, 1982, Pub. L. 97–289, §1(j), 96 Stat. 1230; May 26, 1983, Pub. L. 98–35, §1(j), 97 Stat. 197; Oct. 1, 1983, Pub. L. 98–109, §1(j), 97 Stat. 745; Nov. 30, 1983, Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §§401(i), 404(b)(16), 97 Stat. 1208, 1210; Oct. 8, 1985, Pub. L. 99–120, §1(i), 99 Stat. 503; Nov. 15, 1985, Pub. L. 99–156, §1(i), 99 Stat. 816; Dec. 26, 1985, Pub. L. 99–219, §1(i), 99 Stat. 1731; Mar. 27, 1986, Pub. L. 99–267, §1(j), 100 Stat. 74; Apr. 7, 1986, Pub. L. 99–272, title III, §3007(i), 100 Stat. 105; May 2, 1986, Pub. L. 99–289, §1(b), 100 Stat. 412; June 24, 1986, Pub. L. 99–345, §1, 100 Stat. 673; Sept. 30, 1986, Pub. L. 99–430, 100 Stat. 986; Sept. 30, 1987, Pub. L. 100–122, §1, 101 Stat. 793; Nov. 5, 1987, Pub. L. 100–154, 101 Stat. 890; Nov. 17, 1987, Pub. L. 100–170, 101 Stat. 914; Dec. 3, 1987, Pub. L. 100–179, 101 Stat. 1018; Dec. 21, 1987, Pub. L. 100–200, 101 Stat. 1327; Feb. 5, 1988, Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §401(a)(7), 101 Stat. 1898, authorized Secretary to insure mortgages in accordance with provisions of this subchapter.

Section 1749cc, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title X, §1003, as added Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §201(a), 79 Stat. 463; amended May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (u), 81 Stat. 17, 19; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §119, 84 Stat. 1775, directed that land development covered by mortgage insured under this subchapter be undertaken pursuant to a schedule and in accordance with an overall development plan.

Section 1749cc–1, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title X, §1004, as added Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–754, title IV, §401(a), 80 Stat. 1271, related to approval of new communities for mortgage insurance.

Section 1749dd, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title X, §1005, formerly §1004, as added Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §201(a), 79 Stat. 463; renumbered §1005 and amended Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–754, title IV, §§401(a), 403, 80 Stat. 1271, 1272; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), 81 Stat. 17, directed adoption of requirements to encourage homebuilding industry and proper balance of housing for moderate and low income families.

Section 1749ee, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title X, §1006, formerly §1005, as added Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §201(a), 79 Stat. 463; renumbered §1006 and amended Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–754, title IV, §§401(a), 404, 80 Stat. 1271, 1272, related to service of land by public water and sewerage systems after development.

Section 1749ff, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title X, §1007, formerly §1006, as added Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §201(a), 79 Stat. 464; renumbered §1007, Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–754, title IV, §401(a), 80 Stat. 1271; amended May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), 81 Stat. 17, related to release or subordination of mortgaged property.

Section 1749gg, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title X, §1008, formerly §1007, as added Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §201(a), 79 Stat. 464; renumbered §1008, Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–754, title IV, §401(a), 80 Stat. 1271; amended May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), 81 Stat. 17, related to premium rates and other charges for mortgage insurance and report to Congress thereon.

Section 1749hh, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title X, §1009, formerly §1008, as added Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §201(a), 79 Stat. 464; renumbered §1009, Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–754, title IV, §401(a), 80 Stat. 1271; amended May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), 81 Stat. 17, related to applicability of other provisions of law to this subchapter.

Section 1749ii, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title X, §1010, formerly §1009, as added Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §201(a), 79 Stat. 464; renumbered §1010, Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–754, title IV, §401(a), 80 Stat. 1271; amended May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), 81 Stat. 17, provided that insurance contract under this subchapter was conclusive evidence of eligibility for insurance and that the validity of such contract was incontestable.

Section 1749jj, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title X, §1011, formerly §1010, as added Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §201(a), 79 Stat. 464; renumbered §1011, Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–754, title IV, §401(a), 80 Stat. 1271; amended May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), 81 Stat. 17, authorized making rules and regulations to carry out provisions of subchapter.

Section 1749kk, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title X, §1012, formerly §1011, as added Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §201(a), 79 Stat. 464; renumbered §1012, Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–754, title IV, §401(a), 80 Stat. 1271; amended May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), 81 Stat. 17, related to taxation of real property acquired by Secretary.

Section 1749*ll*, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title X, §1013, formerly §1012, as added Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §201(a), 79 Stat. 464; renumbered §1013, Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–754, title IV, §401(a), 80 Stat. 1271; amended May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (4), 81 Stat. 17, related to requirements to assure that amount of mortgage was not excessive and to requirement that mortgagor certify costs of land development.

Section 133(c) of Pub. L. 101–235 provided that: “Any contract of insurance entered into under title X [this subchapter, §§1749aa to 1749*ll*] before the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 15, 1989] shall be governed by the provisions of such title as such title existed immediately before such date.”

Section 133(b) of Pub. L. 101–235 provided that: “On or after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 15, 1989], no mortgage may be insured under title X [this subchapter, §§1749aa to 1749*ll*], as such title existed immediately before such date, except pursuant to a commitment to insure made before such date.”

The Secretary is authorized (1) to insure mortgages (including advances on such mortgages during construction), upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, in accordance with the provisions of this subchapter, and (2) to make commitments for the insuring of such mortgages prior to the date of their execution or disbursement thereon.

To be eligible for insurance under this subchapter, the mortgage shall (1) be executed by a mortgagor that is a group practice unit or organization or other mortgagor approved by the Secretary, (2) be made to and held by a mortgagee approved by the Secretary as responsible and able to service the mortgage properly, and (3) cover a property or project which is approved for mortgage insurance prior to the beginning of construction or rehabilitation and is designed for use as a group practice facility or medical practice facility which the Secretary finds will be constructed in an economical manner, will not be of elaborate or extravagant design or materials, and will be adequate and suitable for carrying out the purposes of this subchapter. No mortgage shall be insured under this subchapter unless it is shown to the satisfaction of the Secretary that the applicant would be unable to obtain the mortgage loan without such insurance on terms comparable to those specified in subsection (c) of this section.

The mortgage shall—

(1) Repealed. Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §304(*l*), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 678;

(2) not exceed 90 per centum of the amount which the Secretary estimates will be the replacement cost of the property or project when construction or rehabilitation is completed. The replacement cost of the property may include the land and the proposed physical improvements, equipment, utilities within the boundaries of the property, a solar energy system (as defined in subparagraph (3) of the last paragraph of section 1703(a) of this title) or residential energy conservation measures (as defined in section 8211(11)(A) through (G) and (I) of title 42) 1 in cases where the Secretary determines that such measures are in addition to those required under the minimum property standards and will be cost-effective over the life of the measure, architects’ fees, taxes, and interest accruing during construction or rehabilitation, and other miscellaneous charges incident to construction or rehabilitation and approved by the Secretary;

(3) have a maturity satisfactory to the Secretary but not to exceed twenty-five years from the beginning of the amortization of the mortgage, and provide for complete amortization of the principal obligation by periodic payments within such term as the Secretary shall prescribe; and

(4) bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee.

Any contract of insurance executed by the Secretary under this subchapter shall be conclusive evidence of the eligibility of the mortgage for insurance, and the validity of any contract for insurance so executed shall be incontestable in the hands of an approved mortgagee from the date of the execution of such contract, except for fraud or misrepresentation on the part of such approved mortgagee.

Each mortgage insured under this subchapter shall contain an undertaking (in accordance with regulations prescribed under this subchapter and in force at the time the mortgage is approved for insurance) to the effect that, except as authorized by the Secretary and the mortgagee, the property will be used as a group practice facility or medical practice facility until the mortgage has been paid in full or the contract of insurance otherwise terminated.

No mortgage shall be insured under this subchapter unless the mortgagor and the mortgagee certify (1) that they will keep such records relating to the mortgage transaction and indebtedness, to the construction of the facility covered by the mortgage, and to the use of such facility as a group practice facility or medical practice facility as are prescribed by the Secretary at the time of such certification, (2) that they will make such reports as may from time to time be required by the Secretary pertaining to such matters, and (3) that the Secretary shall have access to and the right to examine and audit such records.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XI, §1101, as added Pub. L. 89–754, title V, §502(a), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1274; amended Pub. L. 90–448, title XVII, §1722(d), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 610; Pub. L. 91–78, §2(g), Sept. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 125; Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §101(i), title IV, §418(f), Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 379, 402; Pub. L. 91–432, §1(g), Oct. 2, 1970, 84 Stat. 887; Pub. L. 91–473, §1(g), Oct. 21, 1970, 84 Stat. 1065; Pub. L. 91–525, §1(g), Dec. 1, 1970, 84 Stat. 1384; Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §101(i), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1770; Pub. L. 92–503, §1(i), Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 906; Pub. L. 93–85, §1(i), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 220; Pub. L. 93–117, §1(i), Oct. 2, 1973, 87 Stat. 422; Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §§304(*l*), 312(a)(1)–(4), 316(g), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 678, 683, 685; Pub. L. 95–60, §1(h), June 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 257; Pub. L. 95–80, §1(h), July 31, 1977, 91 Stat. 339; Pub. L. 95–128, title III, §301(k), Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1131; Pub. L. 95–406, §1(k), Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 879; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §301(k), Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2096; Pub. L. 96–71, §1(k), Sept. 28, 1979, 93 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 96–105, §1(k), Nov. 8, 1979, 93 Stat. 794; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §301(k), Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1112; Pub. L. 96–372, §1(k), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1363; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §§301(k), 310(i), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1639, 1643; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §331(j), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 413; Pub. L. 97–289, §1(k), Oct. 6, 1982, 96 Stat. 1230; Pub. L. 98–35, §1(k), May 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 98–109, §1(k), Oct. 1, 1983, 97 Stat. 745; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §401(j), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1208; Pub. L. 98–479, title I, §104(a)(8), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2225; Pub. L. 99–120, §1(j), Oct. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 503; Pub. L. 99–156, §1(j), Nov. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 816; Pub. L. 99–219, §1(j), Dec. 26, 1985, 99 Stat. 1731; Pub. L. 99–267, §1(k), Mar. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 74; Pub. L. 99–272, title III, §3007(j), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 105; Pub. L. 99–289, §1(b), May 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 99–345, §1, June 24, 1986, 100 Stat. 673; Pub. L. 99–430, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 986; Pub. L. 100–122, §1, Sept. 30, 1987, 101 Stat. 793; Pub. L. 100–154, Nov. 5, 1987, 101 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 100–170, Nov. 17, 1987, 101 Stat. 914; Pub. L. 100–179, Dec. 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 1018; Pub. L. 100–200, Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §401(a)(8), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1898.)

Section 8211 of title 42, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), was omitted from the Code pursuant to section 8229 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, which terminated authority under that section on June 30, 1989.

**1988**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–242 struck out at end “No mortgage shall be insured under this subchapter after March 15, 1988, except pursuant to a commitment to insure issued before that date.”

**1987**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–200 substituted “March 15, 1988” for “December 16, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–179 substituted “December 16, 1987” for “December 2, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–170 substituted “December 2, 1987” for “November 15, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–154 substituted “November 15, 1987” for “October 31, 1987”.

Pub. L. 100–122 substituted “October 31, 1987” for “September 30, 1987”.

**1986**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–430 substituted “September 30, 1987” for “September 30, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–345 substituted “September 30, 1986” for “June 6, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–289 substituted “June 6, 1986” for “April 30, 1986”.

Pub. L. 99–272 made amendment identical to Pub. L. 99–219. See 1985 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 99–267 substituted “April 30, 1986” for “March 17, 1986”.

**1985**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–219 substituted “March 17, 1986” for “December 15, 1985”.

Pub. L. 99–156 substituted “December 15, 1985” for “November 14, 1985”.

Pub. L. 99–120 substituted “November 14, 1985” for “September 30, 1985”.

**1984**—Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 98–479 substituted “at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee,” for “(exclusive of premium charges for insurance, and service charges if any) at a rate of not to exceed 5 per centum per annum of the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time, or not to exceed such rate (not in excess of 6 per centum per annum) as the Secretary finds necessary to meet the mortgage market.”

**1983**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–181 substituted “September 30, 1985” for “November 30, 1983”.

Pub. L. 98–109 substituted “November 30, 1983” for “September 30, 1983”.

Pub. L. 98–35 substituted “September 30, 1983” for “May 20, 1983”.

**1982**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–289 substituted “May 20, 1983” for “September 30, 1982”.

**1981**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–35 substituted “1982” for “1981”.

**1980**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–399, §301(k), substituted “September 30, 1981” for “October 15, 1980”.

Pub. L. 96–372 substituted “October 15, 1980” for “September 30, 1980”.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 96–399, §310(i), inserted provisions relating to solar energy systems and residential energy conservation measures.

**1979**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–153 substituted “September 30, 1980” for “November 30, 1979”.

Pub. L. 96–105 substituted “November 30, 1979” for “October 31, 1979”.

Pub. L. 96–71 substituted “October 31, 1979” for “September 30, 1979”.

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–557 substituted “September 30, 1979” for “October 31, 1978”.

Pub. L. 95–406 substituted “October 31, 1978” for “September 30, 1978”.

**1977**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–128 substituted “September 30, 1978” for “September 30, 1977”.

Pub. L. 95–80 substituted “September 30, 1977” for “July 31, 1977”.

Pub. L. 95–60 substituted “July 31, 1977” for “June 30, 1977”.

**1974**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–383, §316(g), substituted “June 30, 1977” for “October 1, 1974”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–383, §312(a)(1), (2), in cl. (1) inserted “or other mortgagor” after “or organization”, and in cl. (3) inserted “or medical practice facility” after “group practice facility”.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 93–383, §304(*l*), struck out par. (1) which set forth limitation on amount of mortgage.

Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 93–383, §312(a)(3), (4), inserted “or medical practice facility” after “group practice facility”.

**1973**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–117 substituted “October 1, 1974” for “October 1, 1973”.

Pub. L. 93–85 substituted “October 1, 1973” for “June 30, 1973”.

**1972**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–503 substituted “June 30, 1973” for “October 1, 1972”.

**1970**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–609 substituted “October 1, 1972” for “January 1, 1971”.

Pub. L. 91–525 substituted “January 1, 1971” for “December 1, 1970”.

Pub. L. 91–473 substituted “December 1, 1970” for “November 1, 1970”.

Pub. L. 91–432 substituted “November 1, 1970” for “October 1, 1970”.

**1969**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–152, §101(i), substituted “October 1, 1970” for “January 1, 1970”.

Pub. L. 91–78 substituted “January 1, 1970” for “October 1, 1969”.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 91–152, §418(f), substituted “replacement cost” for “value” wherever appearing.

**1968**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 90–448 limited term of mortgage to not more than twenty-five years from beginning of amortization of mortgage.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

Section 501 of title V of Pub. L. 89–754 provided that: “It is the purpose of this title [enacting this subchapter and amending sections 24, 371, 1715c, and 1715r of this title, section 663 of former Title 11, Bankruptcy, and section 77ddd of Title 15, Commerce and Trade] to assure the availability of credit on reasonable terms to units or organizations engaged in the group practice of medicine, optometry, or dentistry, particularly those in smaller communities and those sponsored by cooperative or other nonprofit organizations, to assist in financing the construction and equipment of group practice facilities.”

1 See References in Text note below.

The Secretary shall fix premium charges for the insurance of mortgages under this subchapter, but such charges shall not be more than 1 per centum per annum of the amount of the principal obligation of the mortgage outstanding at any time, without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments. In addition to the premium charge, the Secretary is authorized to charge and collect such amounts as he may deem reasonable for the analysis of a proposed project and the appraisal and inspection of the property and improvements. Where the principal obligation of any mortgage accepted for insurance under this subchapter is paid in full prior to the maturity date, the Secretary is authorized to require the payment by the mortgagee of an adjusted premium charge. This charge shall be in such amount as the Secretary determines to be equitable, but not in excess of the aggregate amount of the premium charges that the mortgagee would otherwise have been required to pay if the mortgage had continued to be insured until the maturity date. Where such prepayment occurs, the Secretary is authorized to refund to the mortgagee for the account of the mortgagor all, or such portion as he shall determine to be equitable, of the current unearned premium charges theretofore paid. Premium charges fixed under this section shall be payable by the mortgagee either in cash, or in debentures which are the obligation of the General Insurance Fund at par plus accrued interest, at such times and in such manner as may be prescribed by the Secretary.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XI, §1102, as added Pub. L. 89–754, title V, §502(a), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1275.)

The mortgagee shall be entitled to receive the benefits of the insurance under this subchapter in the manner provided in subsection (g) of section 1713 of this title with respect to mortgages insured under that section. For such purpose the provisions of subsections (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (*l*), and (n) of such section 1713 shall apply to mortgages insured under this subchapter and all references in such subsections to such section 1713 shall be deemed to refer to this subchapter.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XI, §1103, as added Pub. L. 89–754, title V, §502(a), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1275.)

The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out this subchapter, after consulting with the Secretary of Health and Human Services with respect to any health or medical aspects of the program under this subchapter which may be involved in such regulations.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XI, §1104, as added Pub. L. 89–754, title V, §502(a), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1275; amended Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §201(a)(2), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2227.)

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–479 substituted “Health and Human Services” for “Health, Education, and Welfare”.

At the request of individuals or organizations operating or contemplating the operation of group practice facilities or medical practice facility (as defined in section 1749aaa–5 of this title), the Secretary may provide or obtain technical assistance in the planning for and construction of such facilities.

With a view to avoiding unnecessary duplication of existing staffs and facilities of the Federal Government, the Secretary is authorized to utilize available services and facilities of any agency of the Federal Government in carrying out the provisions of this subchapter, and to pay for such services and facilities, either in advance or by way of reimbursement, in accordance with an agreement between the Secretary and the head of such agency.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XI, §1105, as added Pub. L. 89–754, title V, §502(a), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1276; amended Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §312(a)(5), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 683.)

**1974**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–383 substituted “or medical practice facility (as defined in section 1749aaa–5 of this title)” for “(as defined in section 1749aaa–5(1) of this title)”.

For the purposes of this subchapter—

(1) The term “group practice facility” means a facility in a State for the provision of preventive, diagnostic, and treatment services to ambulatory patients (in which patient care is under the professional supervision of persons licensed to practice medicine or osteopathy in the State or, in the case of optometric care or treatment, is under the professional supervision of persons licensed to practice optometry in the State, or, in the case of dental diagnosis or treatment, is under the professional supervision of persons licensed to practice dentistry in the State, or, in the case of podiatric care or treatment, is under the professional supervision of persons licensed to practice podiatry in the State) and which is primarily for the provision of such health services by a medical or dental group.

(2) The term “medical practice facility” means an adequately equipped facility in which not more than four persons licensed to practice medicine in the State where the facility is located can provide, as may be appropriate, preventive, diagnostic, and treatment services, and which is situated in a rural area or small town, or in a low-income section of an urban area, in which there exists, as determined by the Secretary, a critical shortage of physicians. As used in this paragraph—

(A) the term “small town” means any town, village, or city having a population of not more than 10,000 inhabitants according to the most recent available data compiled by the Bureau of the Census; and

(B) the term “low-income section of an urban area” means a section of a larger urban area in which the median family income is substantially lower, as determined by the Secretary, than the median family income for the area as a whole.

(3) The term “medical or dental group” means a partnership or other association or group of persons licensed to practice medicine, osteopathy, or surgery in the State, or of persons licensed to practice optometry in the State, or of persons licensed to practice dentistry in the State, or of persons licensed to practice podiatry in the State, or of any combination of such persons, who, as their principal professional activity and as a group responsibility, engage or undertake to engage in the coordinated practice of their profession primarily in one or more group practice facilities, and who (in this connection) share common overhead expenses (if and to the extent such expenses are paid by members of the group), medical and other records, and substantial portions of the equipment and the professional, technical, and administrative staffs, and which partnership or association or group is composed of at least such professional personnel and make available at least such health services as may be provided in regulations prescribed under this subchapter.

(4) The term “group practice unit or organization” means—

(A) a private nonprofit agency or organization undertaking to provide, directly or through arrangements with a medical or dental group, comprehensive medical care, osteopathic care, optometric care, dental care, or podiatric care, or any combination thereof, which may include hospitalization, to members or subscribers primarily on a group practice prepayments basis; or

(B) a private nonprofit agency or organization, established for the purpose of improving the availability of medical, osteopathic, optometric, dental or podiatric care in the community or having some function or functions related to the provision of such care, which will, through lease or other arrangement, make the group practice facility with respect to which assistance has been requested under this subchapter available to a medical or dental group for use by it.

(5) The term “nonprofit organization” means a corporation, association, foundation, trust, or other organization no part of the net earnings of which inures, or may lawfully inure, to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual except, in the case of an organization the purposes of which include the provision of personal health services to its members or subscribers or their dependents under a plan of such organization for the provision of such services to them (which plan may include the provision of other services or insurance benefits to them), through the provision of such health services (or such other services or insurance benefits) to such members or subscribers or dependents under such plan.

(6) The term “State” includes the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the District of Columbia.

(7) The term “mortgage” means a first mortgage on real estate in fee simple, or on the interest of either the lessor or lessee thereof (A) under a lease for not less than ninety-nine years which is renewable, or (B) under a lease having a period of not less than fifty years to run from the date the mortgage was executed. The term “first mortgage” means such classes of first liens as are commonly given to secure advances (including but not limited to advances during construction) on, or the unpaid purchase price of, real estate under the laws of the State in which the real estate is located, together with the credit instrument or instruments, if any, secured thereby, and any mortgage may be in the form of one or more trust mortgages or mortgage indentures or deeds of trust, securing notes, bonds, or other credit instruments, and, by the same instrument or by a separate instrument, may create a security interest in initial equipment, whether or not attached to the realty.

(8) The term “mortgagee” means the original lender under a mortgage, and his or its successors and assigns, and includes the holders of credit instruments issued under a trust mortgage or deed of trust pursuant to which such holders act by and through a trustee named therein.

(9) The term “mortgagor” means the original borrower under a mortgage and his or its successors and assigns.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XI, §1106, as added Pub. L. 89–754, title V, §502(a), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1276; amended Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §312(a)(6), (b), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 683, 684.)

**1974**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 93–383, §312(b)(1), inserted references to practice of osteopathy and authorized inclusion of podiatric care or treatment under the professional supervision of persons licensed to practice podiatry in the State.

Par. (2). Pub. L. 93–383, §312(a)(6), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (3).

Par. (3). Pub. L. 93–383, §312(a)(6), (b)(2), redesignated former par. (2) as par. (3) and inserted references to persons licensed to practice osteopathy and persons licensed to practice podiatry. Former par. (3) redesignated (4).

Par. (4). Pub. L. 93–383, §312(a)(6), (b)(3), (4), redesignated former par. (3) as par. (4) and in cls. (A) and (B) inserted references to osteopathic care and podiatric care wherever appearing. Former par. (4) redesignated (5).

Pars. (5) to (9). Pub. L. 93–383, §312(a)(6), redesignated former pars. (4) to (8) as pars. (5) to (9), respectively.

Sections 1749bbb to 1749bbb–2 were omitted in view of the termination of parts A to D of this subchapter by former section 1749bbb of this title.

Section 1749bbb, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1201, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 556; amended Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §602(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1788; Pub. L. 94–13, §2, Apr. 8, 1975, 89 Stat. 69; Pub. L. 95–24, title I, §104(a), Apr. 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 55; Pub. L. 95–406, §5, Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 880; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §307(a), Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2097; Pub. L. 96–153, title VI, §601, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1137; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §342(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 420; Pub. L. 97–289, §4(c), Oct. 6, 1982, 96 Stat. 1231; Pub. L. 98–35, §4(c), May 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 198; Pub. L. 98–109, §5(c), Oct. 1, 1983, 97 Stat. 746; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(a), (b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230; Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §113, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1964; Pub. L. 99–120, §4(b), Oct. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 503; Pub. L. 99–156, §4(b), Nov. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 816; Pub. L. 99–219, §4(b), Dec. 26, 1985, 99 Stat. 1731; Pub. L. 99–267, §4(b), Mar. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 74; Pub. L. 99–272, title III, §3010(b), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 106; Pub. L. 99–289, §1(b), May 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 99–345, §1, June 24, 1986, 100 Stat. 673; Pub. L. 99–430, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 986; Pub. L. 100–122, §1, Sept. 30, 1987, 101 Stat. 793; Pub. L. 100–154, Nov. 5, 1987, 101 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 100–170, Nov. 17, 1987, 101 Stat. 914; Pub. L. 100–179, Dec. 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 1018; Pub. L. 100–200, Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 100–242, title V, §§542(a), (b), 545(a), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1940, 1942; Pub. L. 101–137, §6(a), (b), Nov. 3, 1989, 103 Stat. 825; Pub. L. 101–508, title II, §2301(a), (b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–23, read as follows:

“(a) The Director is authorized to establish and carry out the programs provided for in parts A, B, C, and D of this subchapter.

“(b) The powers of the Director under part B shall terminate on November 30, 1983, and part A shall terminate on September 30, 1985, and parts C and D shall terminate on September 30, 1995, except to the extent necessary—

“(1) to continue reinsurance and direct insurance in accordance with the provisions of sections 1749bbb–9(b) and 1749bbb–10a(c) of this title until September 30, 1985, and September 30, 1996, respectively;

“(2) to process, verify, and pay claims for reinsured losses and directly insured losses and perform other necessary functions in connection therewith; and

“(3) to complete the liquidation and termination of the reinsurance and direct insurance programs.”

Section 1749bbb–1, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1202, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 556; amended Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230, established an Advisory Board.

Section 1749bbb–2, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1203, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 557; amended Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §602(b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1788; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), (2), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230, defined terms for this subchapter.

Sections 1749bbb–3 to 1749bbb–6a, comprising part A of this subchapter, terminated on Sept. 30, 1985, pursuant to former section 1749bbb(b) of this title.

Section 1749bbb–3, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1211, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 558; amended Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §307(b), (c), Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2097, 2098; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §342(b), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 420; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230, related to fair access to insurance requirements (FAIR plans).

Section 1749bbb–4, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1212, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 560, related to all-industry placement facility.

Section 1749bbb–5, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1213, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 560; amended Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230, related to cooperation within insurance industry.

Section 1749bbb–6, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1214, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 560; amended Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230, related to plan evaluation and modification or waiver of plan criteria.

Section 1749bbb–6a, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1215, as added Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §603, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1791; amended Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230, related to periodic review of plans through an Office of Review and Compliance.

Sections 1749bbb–7 to 1749bbb–10, comprising part B of this subchapter, were omitted in view of termination of powers of Director under this part on Nov. 30, 1983, pursuant to former section 1749bbb(b) of this title.

Section 1749bbb–7, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1221, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 560; amended Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §602(c), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1789; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230, related to reinsurance of losses from riots or civil disorders.

Section 1749bbb–8, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1222, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 561; amended Pub. L. 91–152, title IV, §405, Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 396; Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §602(e), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1790; Pub. L. 95–24, title I, §104(b), Apr. 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 56; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §203(i)(1), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2230; Pub. L. 100–242, title V, §545(b), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1942, related to reinsurance agreements and premiums.

Section 1749bbb–9, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1223, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 562; amended Pub. L. 91–152, title IV, §406, Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 396; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230, related to conditions of reinsurance.

Section 1749bbb–10, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1224, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 563; amended Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230, related to recovery of premiums, jurisdiction, and statute of limitations.

Sections 1749bbb–10a to 1749bbb–10d, comprising part C of this subchapter, terminated on Sept. 30, 1995, with certain exceptions, pursuant to former section 1749bbb(b) of this title.

Section 1749bbb–10a, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1231, as added Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §602(d), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1789; amended Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230, related to review of market availability, Government crime insurance, and termination of insurance.

Section 1749bbb–10b, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1232, as added Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §602(d), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1789; amended Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), (3), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230, related to use of existing facilities and services.

Section 1749bbb–10c, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1233, as added Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §602(d), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1790; amended Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230, related to establishment of affordable rates, factors considered, uniform national rates, and periodic modification.

Section 1749bbb–10d, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1234, as added Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §602(d), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1790; amended Pub. L. 96–470, title II, §205(a), Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2244; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230; Pub. L. 101–137, §6(d), Nov. 3, 1989, 103 Stat. 825, related to reports to Congress on operations.

Sections 1749bbb–11 to 1749bbb–21, comprising part D of this subchapter, terminated on Sept. 30, 1995, with certain exceptions, pursuant to former section 1749bbb(b) of this title.

Section 1749bbb–11, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1241, formerly §1231, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 563; renumbered §1241 and amended Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §602(d), (g), (h), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1789, 1790; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230, related to submission of claims, judicial review, jurisdiction, and statute of limitations.

Section 1749bbb–12, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1242, formerly §1232, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 563; renumbered §1242 and amended Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §602(d), (i), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1789, 1790; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230, related to fiscal intermediaries and servicing agents.

Section 1749bbb–13, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1243, formerly §1233, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 564; renumbered §1243 and amended Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §602(d), (j), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1789, 1790; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §203(i)(2), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2231; Pub. L. 100–242, title V, §545(c), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1942, related to National Insurance Development Fund.

Section 1749bbb–14, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1244, formerly §1234, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 565; renumbered §1244 and amended Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §602(d), (f), (k), (*l*), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1789–1791; Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230, related to records, annual statement, and audits.

Section 1749bbb–15, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1245, formerly §1235, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 565; amended Pub. L. 91–152, title IV, §407, Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 396; renumbered §1245, Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §602(d), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1789; amended Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230, related to study of reinsurance and other programs, and report to the President and Congress.

Section 1749bbb–16, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1246, formerly §1236, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 565; renumbered §1246, Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §602(d), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1789; amended Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230, related to other studies and cooperation with State insurance authorities and private insurance industry.

Section 1749bbb–17, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1247, formerly §1237, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 566; renumbered §1247, Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §602(d), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1789; amended Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), (4), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §202(a)(2), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2228, related to general powers of Director.

Section 1749bbb–18, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1248, formerly §1238, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 566; renumbered §1248, Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §602(d), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1789; amended Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230, related to utilization of services and facilities of other agencies.

Section 1749bbb–19, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1249, formerly §1239, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 566; renumbered §1249, Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §602(d), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1789; amended Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230, related to advance payments.

Section 1749bbb–20, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1250, formerly §1240, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 566; renumbered §1250, Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §602(d), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1789; amended Pub. L. 98–181, title IV, §452(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1230, related to tax issues.

Section 1749bbb–21, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title XII, §1251, formerly §1241, as added Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1103, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 566; renumbered §1251, Pub. L. 91–609, title VI, §602(d), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1789, related to authorization of appropriations for subchapter.

Insurance of mortgages under this subchapter prohibited, with certain exceptions, after July 31, 1954, see section 1591c of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

As used in this subchapter, the terms “mortgage”, “first mortgage”, “mortgagee”, “mortgagor”, “maturity date”, and “State” shall have the same meaning as in section 1707 of this title.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IX, §901, as added Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title II, §201, 65 Stat. 295.)

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IX, §902, as added Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title II, §201, 65 Stat. 296, created the National Defense Housing Insurance Fund.

For establishment of the General Insurance Fund, see section 1735c of this title.

Section, act Nov. 1, 1951, ch. 665, Ch. V, 65 Stat. 763, authorized the National Defense Housing Insurance Fund to be available for administrative expenses of the Federal Housing Administration. Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(aa), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 507, eliminated the Fund, and all functions, powers, and duties of the Federal Housing Administration and its Administrator were transferred to and vested in the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development by Pub. L. 89–174, §5, Sept. 9, 1965, 79 Stat. 669, classified to section 3534 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §519, as added Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §214, 79 Stat. 471, classified to section 1735c of this title, created the General Insurance Fund, which authorized the general expenses of the operations of the Department of Housing and Urban Development relating to mortgages and loans which are obligations of the General Insurance Fund to be charged to the General Insurance Fund.

This subchapter is designed to supplement systems of mortgage insurance under other provisions of this chapter in order to assist in providing adequate housing in areas which the President, pursuant to section 1591 of title 42, shall have determined to be critical defense housing areas. The Secretary is authorized, upon application by the mortgagee, to insure under this section or section 1750g of this title as hereinafter provided any mortgage which is eligible for insurance as hereinafter provided and upon such terms as the Secretary may prescribe to make commitments for the insuring of such mortgages prior to the date of their execution or disbursement thereon: *Provided*, That the property covered by the mortgage is in an area which the President, pursuant to section 1591 of title 42, shall have determined to be a critical defense housing area, and that the total number of dwelling units in properties covered by mortgages insured under this subchapter in any such area does not exceed the number authorized by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from time to time as needed in such area for defense purposes and to be insured pursuant to this subchapter: *Provided further*, That in the event the Secretary has issued a commitment to insure a mortgage under this section, which commitment was in force and effect on June 1, 1953, and the Secretary determines that, because of changes in defense requirements, there is reasonable doubt that such housing is needed for defense purposes and that it is probable that the mortgage would become immediately in default and claim made for payment under the mortgage insurance contract if the unit or units are completed and the mortgage insured, the Secretary is authorized, in the interest of conserving the General Insurance Fund, to pay (in cash from the General Insurance Fund) to the mortgagee for the account of the mortgagor such amount as the Secretary shall determine to be necessary to reimburse the mortgagor the amounts paid or to be paid by the mortgagor on account of labor performed and materials in place, less the Secretary's estimate of the reasonable salvage value of such materials, plus an allowance for development costs equal to 4 per centum of the principal amount of the mortgage specified in such commitment, and no payments shall be made pursuant to this proviso unless a claim therefor is filed not later than six months from date of the determination of lack of need and the claim is in such form and contains such supporting information, documents, and data as the Secretary may require: *Provided further*, That the aggregate amount of principal obligations of all mortgages insured under this subchapter shall not exceed such sum as may be authorized by the President from time to time for the purposes of this subchapter pursuant to his authority under section 1715h 1 of this title: *Provided further*, That the Secretary shall have power to require properties covered by mortgages insured under this subchapter to be held for rental for such periods of time and at such rentals or other charges as he may prescribe; and, with respect to such properties being held for rental, (1) to require that the property be held by a mortgagor approved by him, and (2) to prescribe such requirements as he deems to be reasonable governing the method of operation and prohibiting or restricting sales of such properties or interests therein or agreements relating to such sales: *Provided further*, That the Secretary shall require each dwelling covered by a mortgage insured under this section, for which a commitment to insure is issued after August 2, 1954, to be held for rental for a period of not less than three years after the dwelling is made available for initial occupancy: *And provided further*, That no mortgage shall be insured under this subchapter unless the mortgagor certifies under oath that in selecting tenants for any property covered by the mortgage he will not discriminate against any family by reason of the fact that there are children in the family, and that he will not sell the property while the insurance is in effect unless the purchaser so certifies, such certification to be filed with the Secretary. Violation of any such certification shall be a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not to exceed $500.

To be eligible for insurance under this section a mortgage shall—

(1) have been made to, and be held by, a mortgagee approved by the Secretary as responsible and able to service the mortgage properly;

(2) involve a principal obligation (including such initial service charges, appraisal, inspection, and other fees as the Secretary shall approve) in an amount not to exceed 90 per centum of the appraised value (as of the date the mortgage is accepted for insurance) of a property, urban, suburban, or rural, upon which there is located a dwelling designed principally for residential use for not more than two families in the aggregate, which is approved for mortgage insurance prior to the beginning of construction, the construction of which is begun after September 1, 1951. The principal obligation of such mortgage shall not, however, exceed $8,100 if such dwelling is designed for a single-family residence, or $15,000 if such dwelling is designed for a two-family residence except that the Secretary may by regulation increase these amounts to not to exceed $9,000 and $16,000, respectively, in any geographical area where he finds that cost levels so require: *Provided*, That if the Secretary finds that it is not feasible within the aforesaid dollar amount limitations to construct dwellings containing three or four bedrooms per family unit without sacrifice of sound standards of construction, design, and livability, he may increase such dollar amount limitations by not exceeding $1,080 for each additional bedroom (as defined by the Secretary) in excess of two contained in such family unit if he finds that such unit meets sound standards of livability as a three-bedroom or a four-bedroom unit as the case may be;

(3) have a maturity satisfactory to the Secretary but not to exceed thirty years from the date of the insurance of the mortgage;

(4) contain complete amortization provisions satisfactory to the Secretary;

(5) bear interest (exclusive of premium charges for insurance) at not to exceed 4½ per centum per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time;

(6) provide, in a manner satisfactory to the Secretary, for the application of the mortgagor's periodic payments (exclusive of the amount allocated to interest and to the premium charge which is required for mortgage insurance as herein provided) to amortization of the principal of the mortgage; and

(7) contain such terms and provisions with respect to insurance, repairs, alterations, payment of taxes, default reserves, delinquency charges, foreclosure proceedings, anticipation of maturity, additional and secondary liens, and other matters as the Secretary may in his discretion prescribe.

The Secretary is authorized to fix a premium charge for the insurance of mortgages under this subchapter but in the case of any mortgage such charge shall not be less than an amount equivalent to one-half of 1 per centum per annum nor more than an amount equivalent to 1½ per centum per annum of the amount of the principal obligation of the mortgage outstanding at any time, without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments. Such premium charges shall be payable by the mortgagee, either in cash or in debentures issued by the Secretary under this subchapter at par plus accrued interest, in such manner as may be prescribed by the Secretary: *Provided*, That the Secretary may require the payment of one or more such premium charges at the time the mortgage is insured, at such discount rate as he may prescribe not in excess of the interest rate specified in the mortgage. If the Secretary finds upon the presentation of a mortgage for insurance and the tender of the initial premium charge or charges so required that the mortgage complies with the provisions of this subchapter, such mortgage may be accepted for insurance by endorsement or otherwise as the Secretary may prescribe; but no mortgage shall be accepted for insurance under this subchapter unless the Secretary finds that the project with respect to which the mortgage is executed is an acceptable risk in view of the needs of national defense. In the event that the principal obligation of any mortgage accepted for insurance under this subchapter is paid in full prior to the maturity date, the Secretary is further authorized in his discretion to require the payment by the mortgagee of an adjusted premium charge in such amount as the Secretary determines to be equitable, but not in excess of the aggregate amount of the premium charges that the mortgagee would otherwise have been required to pay if the mortgage has continued to be insured under this subchapter until such maturity date; and in the event that the principal obligation is paid in full as herein set forth the Secretary is authorized to refund to the mortgagee for the account of the mortgagor all, or such portion as he shall determine to be equitable, of the current unearned premium charges theretofore paid. Upon application of the mortgagee with the consent of the mortgagor of a mortgage for which a commitment to insure has been issued pursuant to section 1709 of this title covering property on which the construction of the dwellings thereon was begun prior to the enactment of this subchapter and the determination of prevailing wages in the locality in accordance with section 1715c of this title, the Secretary is authorized, notwithstanding such beginning of construction, to convert such commitment to a commitment under section 1750g of this title; any charges or fees paid to the Secretary with respect to such insurance under section 1709 of this title shall be credited to charges or fees due the Secretary with respect to such insurance under section 1750g of this title; and the determination of prevailing wages in the locality for purposes of section 1715c of this title may be made by the Secretary of Labor at any time prior to the insurance under section 1750g of this title: *Provided*, That such mortgage, or the mortgage covering the same property executed in substitution therefor, is otherwise eligible for insurance under section 1750g of this title.

Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter or any other Act, except provisions of law enacted hereafter expressly referring to this subsection (d), the Secretary is further authorized to prescribe such procedures as are necessary to secure to persons engaged or to be engaged in national defense activities preference or priority of opportunity to purchase or rent properties, or interests therein, covered by mortgages insured under this subchapter.

Any contract of insurance heretofore or hereafter executed by the Secretary under this subchapter shall be conclusive evidence of the eligibility of the mortgage for insurance, and the validity of any contract of insurance so executed shall be incontestable in the hands of an approved mortgagee from the date of the execution of such contract, except for fraud or misrepresentation on the part of such approved mortgagee.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IX, §903, as added Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title II, §201, 65 Stat. 296; amended July 14, 1952, ch. 723, §13, 66 Stat. 604; June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §11, 67 Stat. 124; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §128(b), 68 Stat. 609; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(x), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 507; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (4), (s), (t), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17, 19.)

The General Insurance Fund, referred to in text, was established by section 1735c of this title.

Section 1715h of this title, referred to in subsec. (a), was repealed by Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §401(a)(1), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1898.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a), (b)(1) to (4), (6), (7), and (c) to (e).

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(4), (s), substituted “Secretary's” and “Secretary of Housing and Home Development” for “Commissioner's” and “Housing and Home Finance Administrator”, respectively.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(t), struck out “, with the approval of the Housing and Home Finance Administrator,” before “is further authorized”.

**1965**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–117 substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “National Defense Housing Insurance Fund”.

**1954**—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 2, 1954, inserted proviso relating to requirement for rental for a period of not less than three years after dwelling is made available for initial occupancy.

**1953**—Subsec. (a). Act June 30, 1953, inserted proviso commencing *“Provided further*, That in the event”.

**1952**—Subsec. (c). Act July 14, 1952, inserted last sentence.

1 See References in Text note below.

In any case in which the mortgagee under a mortgage insured under section 1750b of this title shall have foreclosed and taken possession of the mortgaged property, in accordance with regulations of, and within a period to be determined by, the Secretary, or shall, with the consent of the Secretary, have otherwise acquired such property from the mortgagor after default, the mortgagee shall be entitled to receive the benefit of the insurance as hereinafter provided, upon (1) the prompt conveyance to the Secretary of title to the property which meets the requirements of rules and regulations of the Secretary in force at the time the mortgage was insured, and which is evidenced in the manner prescribed by such rules and regulations; and (2) the assignment to him of all claims of the mortgagee against the mortgagor or others, arising out of the mortgage transaction or foreclosure proceedings, except such claims as may have been released with the consent of the Secretary. Upon such conveyance and assignment the obligation of the mortgagee to pay the premium charges for insurance shall cease and the Secretary shall, subject to the cash adjustment hereinafter provided, issue to the mortgagee debentures having a total face value equal to the value of the mortgage and a certificate of claim, as hereinafter provided. For the purposes of this subsection, the value of the mortgage shall be determined, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary, by adding to the amount of the original principal obligation of the mortgage which was unpaid on the date of the institution of foreclosure proceedings, or on the date of the acquisition of the property after default other than by foreclosure, the amount of all payments which have been made by the mortgagee for taxes, ground rents, and water rates, which are liens prior to the mortgage, special assessments which are noted on the application for insurance or which become liens after the insurance of the mortgage, insurance of the mortgaged property, and any mortgage insurance premiums and by deducting from such total amount any amount received on account of the mortgage after either of such dates and any amount received as rent or other income from the property, less reasonable expenses incurred in handling the property, after either of such dates: *Provided*, That with respect to mortgages which are foreclosed before there shall have been paid on account of the principal obligation of the mortgage a sum equal to 10 per centum of the appraised value of the property as of the date the mortgage was accepted for insurance, there may be included in the debentures issued by the Secretary, on account of the cost of foreclosure (or of acquiring the property by other means) actually paid by the mortgagee and approved by the Secretary an amount—

(1) not in excess of 2 per centum of the unpaid principal of the mortgage as of the date of the institution of foreclosure proceedings and not in excess of $75; or

(2) not in excess of two-thirds of such cost, whichever is the greater: *Provided further*, That with respect to any debentures issued on or after September 2, 1964, the Secretary may, with the consent of the mortgagee (in lieu of issuing a certificate of claim as provided in subsection (e) of this section), include in debentures, in addition to amounts otherwise allowed for such costs, an amount not to exceed one-third of the total foreclosure, acquisition, and conveyance costs actually paid by the mortgagee and approved by the Secretary, but in no event may the total allowance for such costs exceed the amount actually paid by the mortgagee: *And provided further*, That with respect to mortgages to which the provisions of sections 532 and 536 of the Appendix to title 50,1 apply and which are insured under section 1750b of this title, and subject to such regulations and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, there shall be included in the debentures an amount which the Secretary finds to be sufficient to compensate the mortgagee for any loss which it may have sustained on account of interest on debentures and the payment of insurance premiums by reason of its having postponed the institution of foreclosure proceedings or the acquisition of the property by other means during any part or all of the period of such military service and three months thereafter.

The Secretary may at any time, under such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, consent to the release of the mortgagor from his liability under the mortgage or the credit instrument secured thereby, or consent to the release of parts of the mortgaged property from the lien of the mortgage.

Debentures issued under this subchapter shall be in such form and denominations in multiples of $50, shall be subject to such terms and conditions, and shall include such provisions for redemption, if any, as may be prescribed by the Secretary with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, and may be in coupon or registered form. Any difference between the amount of debentures to which the mortgagee is entitled under this section or section 1750g of this title and the aggregate face value of the debentures issued, not to exceed $350, shall be adjusted by the payment of cash by the Secretary to the mortgagee from the General Insurance Fund.

The debentures issued under this section to any mortgagee shall be executed in the name of the General Insurance Fund as obligor, shall be signed by the Secretary by either his written or engraved signature, and shall be negotiable. All such debentures shall be dated as of the date foreclosure proceedings were instituted, or the property was otherwise acquired by the mortgagee after default, except that debentures issued pursuant to claims for insurance filed on or after September 2, 1964 shall be dated as of the date of default or as of such later date as the Secretary, in his discretion, may establish by regulation. The debentures shall bear interest from such date at a rate determined by the Secretary, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, at the time the mortgage was accepted for insurance, but not to exceed 3 per centum per annum, payable semiannually on the 1st day of January and the 1st day of July of each year. Such debentures shall mature twenty years after the date thereof. Such debentures shall be exempt, both as to principal and interest, from all taxation (except surtaxes, estate, inheritance, or gift taxes) now or hereafter imposed by any Territory, dependency, or possession of the United States, or by the District of Columbia, or by any State, county, municipality, or local taxing authority, and shall be paid out of the General Insurance Fund, which shall be primarily liable therefor, and they shall be fully and unconditionally guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States, and such guaranty shall be expressed on the face of the debentures. In the event that the General Insurance Fund fails to pay upon demand, when due, the principal of or interest on any debentures issued under this subchapter, the Secretary of the Treasury shall pay to the holders the amount thereof which is authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, and thereupon to the extent of the amount so paid the Secretary of the Treasury shall succeed to all the rights of the holders of such debentures.

The certificate of claim issued by the Secretary to any mortgagee under this section shall be for an amount determined in accordance with, and shall contain provisions and shall be paid in accordance with, the provisions of section 1710(e) and section 1710(f) of this title.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law relating to the acquisition, handling, or disposal of real property by the United States, the Secretary shall have power to deal with, complete, rent, renovate, modernize, insure, make contracts or establish suitable agencies for the management of, or sell for cash or credit, in his discretion, any properties conveyed to him in exchange for debentures and certificates of claim as provided in this section; and, notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall also have power to pursue to final collection, by way of compromise or otherwise, all claims against mortgagors assigned by mortgagees to the Secretary as provided in this subchapter: *Provided*, That section 6101 of title 41 shall not be construed to apply to any purchase or contract for services or supplies on account of such property if the amount thereof does not exceed $1,000. The power to convey and to execute in the name of the Secretary deeds of conveyances, deeds of release, assignments, and satisfactions of mortgages, and any other written instrument relating to real property or any interest therein heretofore or hereafter acquired by the Secretary pursuant to the provisions of this chapter, may be exercised by an officer appointed by him, without the execution of any express delegation of power or power of attorney: *Provided*, That nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prevent the Secretary from delegating such power by order or by power of attorney in his discretion, to any officer, agent, or employee he may appoint.

No mortgagee or mortgagor shall have, and no certification of claim shall be construed to give to any mortgagee or mortgagor, any right or interest in any property conveyed to the Secretary or in any claim assigned to him; nor shall the Secretary owe any duty to any mortgagee or mortgagor with respect to the handling or disposal of any such property or the collection of any such claim.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IX, §904, as added Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title II, §201, 65 Stat. 298; amended Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §112(d), 68 Stat. 593; Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §105(e), (f), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 773, 774; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(y), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 507; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (d), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17, 18; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(a)(23), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2233.)

The General Insurance Fund, referred to in text, was established by section 1735c of this title.

Sections 532 and 536 of the Appendix to title 50, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), was in the original a reference to sections 302 and 306, respectively, of the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Civil Relief Act of 1940, Oct. 17, 1940, ch. 888, 54 Stat. 1178. That Act was amended generally and renamed the “Servicemembers Civil Relief Act” by Pub. L. 108–189, §1, Dec. 19, 2003, 117 Stat. 2835. As so amended, provisions of the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act that are similar to those contained in former sections 532 and 536 of the Appendix to title 50 are now contained in sections 533 and 538 of the Appendix to Title 50.

In subsec. (f), “section 6101 of title 41” substituted for “section 3709 of the Revised Statutes” on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

**1984**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–479 substituted “authorized” for “auhorized” in last sentence.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a), (a)(2), and (b) to (g).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(d), substituted “an officer” for “the Commissioner or by any Assistant Commissioner”.

**1965**—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(y)(1), substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “National Defense Housing Insurance Fund”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(y)(2), removed limitation which had rendered applicable to certificates of claim only those provisions of sections 1710(e) and 1710(f) of this title which were applicable to mortgages insured under section 1713 of this title and struck out provision that reference in section 1710(f) of this title to the “Housing Insurance Fund” shall be deemed for the purpose of this section to be reference to the “National Defense Housing Insurance Fund”.

**1964**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 88–560, §105(e)(1), (f), inserted “*Provided further*, That with respect to any debentures issued on or after September 2, 1964, the Commissioner may, with the consent of the mortgagee (in lieu of issuing a certificate of claim as provided in subsection (e)), include in debentures, in addition to amounts otherwise allowed for such costs, an amount not to exceed one-third of the total foreclosure, acquisition, and conveyance costs actually paid by the mortgagee and approved by the Commissioner, but in no event may the total allowance for such costs exceed the amount actually paid by the mortgagee:” and struck out “paid after either of such dates” after “mortgage insurance premiums” in third sentence, respectively.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 88–560, §105(e)(2), increased limitation on difference between amount of debentures to which the mortgagee is entitled under this section or section 1750g of this title and aggregate face value of debentures issued from $50 to $350.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 88–560, §105(e)(3), substituted in second sentence “default, except that debentures issued pursuant to claims for insurance filed on or after September 2, 1964 shall be dated as of the date of default or as of such later date as the Commissioner, in his discretion, may establish by regulation. The debentures” for “default, and”.

**1954**—Subsec. (d). Act Aug. 2, 1954, in third sentence, substituted a twenty-year period for the ten-year period, with respect to the maturity of debentures.

Amendment by act Aug. 2, 1954, as not applicable in any case where the mortgage involved was insured or the commitment for such insurance was issued prior to Aug. 2, 1954, see section 112(e) of that act, set out as a note under section 1710 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IX, §905, as added Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title II, §201, 65 Stat. 301, provided for management of National Defense Housing Insurance Fund, issue and cancellation of debentures, and receipt and payment of charges and fees.

Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to exempt any real property acquired and held by the Secretary under this subchapter from taxation by any State or political subdivision thereof, to the same extent, according to its value, as other real property is taxed.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IX, §906, as added Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title II, §201, 65 Stat. 301; amended Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner”.

The Secretary is authorized and directed to make such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IX, §907, as added Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title II, §201, 65 Stat. 301; amended Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner”.

In addition to mortgages insured under section 1750b of this title, the Secretary is authorized to insure mortgages as defined in section 1750 of this title (including advances on such mortgages during construction) which are eligible for insurance as hereinafter provided.

To be eligible for insurance under this section a mortgage shall meet the following conditions:

(1) The mortgaged property shall be held by a mortgagor approved by the Secretary. The Secretary may, in his discretion, require such mortgagor to be regulated or restricted as to rents or sales, charges, capital structure, rate of return, and methods of operation. The Secretary may make such contracts with, and acquire for not to exceed $100 stock or interest in any such mortgagor, as the Secretary may deem necessary to render effective such restriction or regulation. Such stock or interest shall be paid for out of the General Insurance Fund, and shall be redeemed by the mortgagor at par upon the termination of all obligations of the Secretary under the insurance.

(2) The mortgage shall involve a principal obligation in an amount—

(A) not to exceed $5,000,000; and

(B) not to exceed 90 per centum of the amount which the Secretary estimates will be the value of the property or project when the proposed improvements are completed: *Provided*, That such mortgage shall not in any event exceed the amount which the Secretary estimates will be the cost of the completed physical improvements on the property or project exclusive of off-site public utilities and streets and organization and legal expenses; and

(C) not to exceed $8,100 per family unit (or $7,200 per family unit if the number of rooms in such property or project does not equal or exceed four per family unit) for such part of such property or project as may be attributable to dwelling use: *Provided*, That the Secretary may by regulation increase such dollar amount limitations by not exceeding $900 in any geographical area where he finds that cost levels so require.

(3) The mortgagor shall enter into the agreement required by section 1715r of this title.

The mortgage shall provide for complete amortization by periodic payments within such term as the Secretary shall prescribe, and shall bear interest (exclusive of premium charges for insurance) at not to exceed 4½ per centum per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time. The Secretary may consent to the release of a part or parts of the mortgaged property from the lien of the mortgage upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe and the mortgage may provide for such release.

The mortgagee shall be entitled to receive debentures in connection with mortgages insured under this section in the amount and under the conditions specified in subsection (g) of section 1713 of this title, and the references in said subsection (g) to the cash adjustment provided for in subsection (j) of section 1713 and to the certificate of claim provided for in subsection (h) of section 1713 shall be deemed to refer respectively to the cash adjustment provided for in subsection (c) of section 1750c of this title and to the certificate of claim provided for in subsection (d) of this section.

The certificate of claim issued by the Secretary to any mortgagee under this section shall be for an amount determined in accordance with, and shall contain provisions and shall be paid in accordance with, the provisions of section 1713(h) of this title.

Debentures issued under this section shall be issued in accordance with the provisions of section 1750c(c) and (d) of this title except that such debentures shall be dated as of the date of default as determined in subsection (c) of this section, and shall bear interest from such date.

The provisions of section 1713(k) and (*l*) of this title shall be applicable to mortgages insured under this section and to property acquired by the Secretary hereunder, except that, as applied to such mortgages and property, the reference therein to subsection (g) shall be construed to refer to subsection (c) of this section.

In any case where an application for insurance under section 1743 of this title was received by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development on or before March 1, 1950, and has not been rejected or committed upon, the mortgagee upon reapplication for insurance of a mortgage under this section with respect to the same property shall receive credit for any application fees paid in connection with the prior application: *Provided*, That this subsection shall not constitute a waiver of any requirements otherwise applicable to the insurance of mortgages under this section.

The Secretary shall grant preference to applications for insurance under this subchapter to mortgages covering housing of lower rents.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IX, §908, as added Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title II, §201, 65 Stat. 301; amended June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §10(c), 67 Stat. 124; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title I, §130, 68 Stat. 609; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(z), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 507; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(2), (3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

The General Insurance Fund, referred to in text, was established by section 1735c of this title.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner” wherever appearing in subsecs. (a), (b)(1), (2)(B), (C), last par. following (C), (d), (f), and (h).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(2), substituted “Secretary of Housing and Urban Development” for “Federal Housing Commissioner”.

**1965**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(z)(1), substituted “General Insurance Fund” for “National Defense Housing Insurance Fund”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(z)(2), struck out provision that reference in section 1713(h) of this title to “the Housing Insurance Fund” shall be deemed for the purposes of this section to be a reference to the National Defense Housing Insurance Fund.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(z)(3), struck out provision that references in subsections (k) and (*l*) of section 1713 of this title “Housing Fund” shall be construed to refer to the “National Defense Housing Insurance Fund”.

**1954**—Subsec. (b)(3). Act Aug. 2, 1954, substituted requirement that mortgagor shall enter into the agreement required by section 1715r of this title for former provisions relating to certification of builders’ costs, such certifications now being prescribed in said section 1715r.

**1953**—Subsec. (b). Act June 30, 1953, in paragraph commencing “The mortgage shall provide”, substituted “4½ per centum” for “4 per centum”.

This subchapter was enacted as part of the Housing Act of 1954, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Section 1750aa, act Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VI, §601, 68 Stat. 637, contained a declaration of policy for voluntary home mortgage credit.

Section 1750bb, acts Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VI, §602, 68 Stat. 637; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–857, §13(s)(1), 72 Stat. 1266, defined “Insured or guaranteed mortgage loan”, “Private financing institutions”, “Administrator”, and “State”.

Section 1750cc, acts Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VI, §603, 68 Stat. 637; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title I, §109(a)(3), 69 Stat. 640, provided for establishment and composition of National Voluntary Mortgage Credit Extension Committee.

Section 1750dd, act Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VI, §604, 68 Stat. 638, provided for establishment, composition, and organization of regional subcommittees of National Voluntary Mortgage Credit Extension Committee.

Section 1750ee, act Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VI, §605, 68 Stat. 638, set forth general functions of National Committee and regional subcommittees.

Section 1750ff, act Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VI, §606, 68 Stat. 638, authorized National Committee to study and review demand and supply of funds for residential mortgage loans, to receive reports from and correlate the activities of regional subcommittees to report periodically to Commissioner of Federal Housing Administration and Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs, to maintain liaison with State and local government housing officials, and to submit reports to Congress.

Section 1750gg, acts Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VI, §607, 68 Stat. 639; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–857, §13(s)(1), 72 Stat. 1266, set forth the functions, powers, and duties of regional subcommittees.

Section 1750hh, act Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VI, §608, 68 Stat. 640, authorized Administrator, after consultation with National Committee, to issue general rules and procedures for implementation of this subchapter and functioning of regional subcommittees.

Section 1750ii, act Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VI, §609, 68 Stat. 640, exempted laws promulgated pursuant to this subchapter from prohibitions of antitrust laws or Federal Trade Commission Act of United States, provided for status of members of National Committee or any of regional subcommittees, and provided for an office, staff assistance and expenses of members.

Section 1750jj, acts Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VI, §610, 68 Stat. 640; June 29, 1957, Pub. L. 85–66, 71 Stat. 209; July 12, 1957, Pub. L. 85–104, title VI, §602, 71 Stat. 304; July 31, 1959, Pub. L. 86–119, 73 Stat. 266; Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–372, title VIII, §806, 73 Stat. 687; June 30, 1961, Pub. L. 87–70, title IX, §903, 75 Stat. 191, provided that, unless Congress authorized for an earlier termination, this subchapter and all authority conferred hereunder was to terminate at close of Oct. 1, 1965.