    [United States Statutes at Large, Volume 132, 115th Congress, 2nd Session]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

    Public Law 115-391
    115th Congress

    An Act

    To reauthorize and amend the Marine Debris Act to promote international
    action to reduce marine debris, and for other purposes. <>

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
    United States of America in Congress assembled, <>
    SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) <>  Short Title.--This Act may be cited as
    the ``First Step Act of 2018''.

    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as
    follows:

    Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.

    TITLE I--RECIDIVISM REDUCTION

    Sec. 101. Risk and needs assessment system.
    Sec. 102. Implementation of system and recommendations by Bureau of
    Prisons.
    Sec. 103. GAO report.
    Sec. 104. Authorization of appropriations.
    Sec. 105. Rule of construction.
    Sec. 106. Faith-based considerations.
    Sec. 107. Independent Review Committee.

    TITLE II--BUREAU OF PRISONS SECURE FIREARMS STORAGE

    Sec. 201. Short title.
    Sec. 202. Secure firearms storage.

    TITLE III--RESTRAINTS ON PREGNANT PRISONERS PROHIBITED

    Sec. 301. Use of restraints on prisoners during the period of pregnancy
    and postpartum recovery prohibited.

    TITLE IV--SENTENCING REFORM

    Sec. 401. Reduce and restrict enhanced sentencing for prior drug
    felonies.
    Sec. 402. Broadening of existing safety valve.
    Sec. 403. Clarification of section 924(c) of title 18, United States
    Code.
    Sec. 404. Application of Fair Sentencing Act.

    TITLE V--SECOND CHANCE ACT OF 2007 REAUTHORIZATION

    Sec. 501. Short title.
    Sec. 502. Improvements to existing programs.
    Sec. 503. Audit and accountability of grantees.
    Sec. 504. Federal reentry improvements.
    Sec. 505. Federal interagency reentry coordination.
    Sec. 506. Conference expenditures.
    Sec. 507. Evaluation of the Second Chance Act program.
    Sec. 508. GAO review.

    TITLE VI--MISCELLANEOUS CRIMINAL JUSTICE

    Sec. 601. Placement of prisoners close to families.
    Sec. 602. Home confinement for low-risk prisoners.
    Sec. 603. Federal prisoner reentry initiative reauthorization;
    modification of imposed term of imprisonment.

    [[Page 5195]]

    Sec. 604. Identification for returning citizens.
    Sec. 605. Expanding inmate employment through Federal Prison Industries.
    Sec. 606. De-escalation training.
    Sec. 607. Evidence-Based treatment for opioid and heroin abuse.
    Sec. 608. Pilot programs.
    Sec. 609. Ensuring supervision of released sexually dangerous persons.
    Sec. 610. Data collection.
    Sec. 611. Healthcare products.
    Sec. 612. Adult and juvenile collaboration programs.
    Sec. 613. Juvenile solitary confinement.

    TITLE I--RECIDIVISM REDUCTION

    SEC. 101. RISK AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT SYSTEM.

    (a) <>  In General.--Chapter 229 of title
    18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after subchapter C the
    following:

    ``SUBCHAPTER D--RISK AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT SYSTEM

    ``Sec.
    ``3631. Duties of the Attorney General.
    ``3632. Development of risk and needs assessment system.
    ``3633. Evidence-based recidivism reduction program and recommendations.
    ``3634. Report.
    ``3635. Definitions.

    ``Sec. 3631. <>  Duties of the Attorney
    General

    ``(a) In General.-- <> The Attorney General
    shall carry out this subchapter in consultation with--
    ``(1) the Director of the Bureau of Prisons;
    ``(2) the Director of the Administrative Office of the
    United States Courts;
    ``(3) the Director of the Office of Probation and Pretrial
    Services;
    ``(4) the Director of the National Institute of Justice;
    ``(5) the Director of the National Institute of Corrections;
    and
    ``(6) the Independent Review Committee authorized by the
    First Step Act of 2018

    ``(b) Duties.--The Attorney General shall--
    ``(1) <>  conduct a review of the existing
    prisoner risk and needs assessment systems in operation on the
    date of enactment of this subchapter;
    ``(2) <>  develop recommendations
    regarding evidence-based recidivism reduction programs and
    productive activities in accordance with section 3633;
    ``(3) <>  conduct ongoing research and data
    analysis on--
    ``(A) evidence-based recidivism reduction programs
    relating to the use of prisoner risk and needs
    assessment tools;
    ``(B) the most effective and efficient uses of such
    programs;
    ``(C) which evidence-based recidivism reduction
    programs are the most effective at reducing recidivism,
    and the type, amount, and intensity of programming that
    most effectively reduces the risk of recidivism; and
    ``(D) products purchased by Federal agencies that
    are manufactured overseas and could be manufactured by
    prisoners participating in a prison work program without

    [[Page 5196]]

    reducing job opportunities for other workers in the
    United States;
    ``(4) <>  on an annual basis, review, validate,
    and release publicly on the Department of Justice website the
    risk and needs assessment system, which review shall include--
    ``(A) any subsequent changes to the risk and needs
    assessment system made after the date of enactment of
    this subchapter;
    ``(B) the recommendations developed under paragraph
    (2), using the research conducted under paragraph (3);
    ``(C) <>  an evaluation to ensure
    that the risk and needs assessment system bases the
    assessment of each prisoner's risk of recidivism on
    indicators of progress and of regression that are
    dynamic and that can reasonably be expected to change
    while in prison;
    ``(D) statistical validation of any tools that the
    risk and needs assessment system uses; and
    ``(E) <>  an evaluation of the
    rates of recidivism among similarly classified prisoners
    to identify any unwarranted disparities, including
    disparities among similarly classified prisoners of
    different demographic groups, in such rates;
    ``(5) <>  make any revisions or
    updates to the risk and needs assessment system that the
    Attorney General determines appropriate pursuant to the review
    under paragraph (4), including updates to ensure that any
    disparities identified in paragraph (4)(E) are reduced to the
    greatest extent possible; and
    ``(6) report to Congress in accordance with section 3634.
    ``Sec. 3632. <>  Development of risk and needs
    assessment system

    ``(a) In General.-- <> Not later than 210 days
    after the date of enactment of this subchapter, the Attorney General, in
    consultation with the Independent Review Committee authorized by the
    First Step Act of 2018, shall develop and release publicly on the
    Department of Justice website a risk and needs assessment system
    (referred to in this subchapter as the `System'), which shall be used
    to--
    ``(1) determine the recidivism risk of each prisoner as part
    of the intake process, and classify each prisoner as having
    minimum, low, medium, or high risk for recidivism;
    ``(2) assess and determine, to the extent practicable, the
    risk of violent or serious misconduct of each prisoner;
    ``(3) determine the type and amount of evidence-based
    recidivism reduction programming that is appropriate for each
    prisoner and assign each prisoner to such programming
    accordingly, and based on the prisoner's specific criminogenic
    needs, and in accordance with subsection (b);
    ``(4) reassess the recidivism risk of each prisoner
    periodically, based on factors including indicators of progress,
    and of regression, that are dynamic and that can reasonably be
    expected to change while in prison;
    ``(5) reassign the prisoner to appropriate evidence-based
    recidivism reduction programs or productive activities based on
    the revised determination to ensure that--
    ``(A) all prisoners at each risk level have a
    meaningful opportunity to reduce their classification
    during the period of incarceration;

    [[Page 5197]]

    ``(B) to address the specific criminogenic needs of
    the prisoner; and
    ``(C) all prisoners are able to successfully
    participate in such programs;
    ``(6) determine when to provide incentives and rewards for
    successful participation in evidence-based recidivism reduction
    programs or productive activities in accordance with subsection
    (e);
    ``(7) determine when a prisoner is ready to transfer into
    prerelease custody or supervised release in accordance with
    section 3624; and
    ``(8) determine the appropriate use of audio technology for
    program course materials with an understanding of dyslexia.

    In carrying out this subsection, the Attorney General may use existing
    risk and needs assessment tools, as appropriate.
    ``(b) Assignment of Evidence-based Recidivism Reduction Programs.--
    <> The System shall provide guidance on the type,
    amount, and intensity of evidence-based recidivism reduction programming
    and productive activities that shall be assigned for each prisoner,
    including--
    ``(1) programs in which the Bureau of Prisons shall assign
    the prisoner to participate, according to the prisoner's
    specific criminogenic needs; and
    ``(2) information on the best ways that the Bureau of
    Prisons can tailor the programs to the specific criminogenic
    needs of each prisoner so as to most effectively lower each
    prisoner's risk of recidivism.

    ``(c) Housing and Assignment Decisions.-- <> The
    System shall provide guidance on program grouping and housing assignment
    determinations and, after accounting for the safety of each prisoner and
    other individuals at the prison, provide that prisoners with a similar
    risk level be grouped together in housing and assignment decisions to
    the extent practicable.

    ``(d) Evidence-Based Recidivism Reduction Program Incentives and
    Productive Activities Rewards.--The System shall provide incentives and
    rewards for prisoners to participate in and complete evidence-based
    recidivism reduction programs as follows:
    ``(1) Phone and visitation privileges.--A prisoner who is
    successfully participating in an evidence-based recidivism
    reduction program shall receive--
    ``(A) phone privileges, or, if available, video
    conferencing privileges, for up to 30 minutes per day,
    and up to 510 minutes per month; and
    ``(B) additional time for visitation at the prison,
    as determined by the warden of the prison.
    ``(2) Transfer to institution closer to release residence.--
    A prisoner who is successfully participating in an evidence-
    based recidivism reduction program shall be considered by the
    Bureau of Prisons for placement in a facility closer to the
    prisoner's release residence upon request from the prisoner and
    subject to--
    ``(A) bed availability at the transfer facility;
    ``(B) the prisoner's security designation; and
    ``(C) <>  the
    recommendation from the warden of the prison at which
    the prisoner is incarcerated at the time of making the
    request.

    [[Page 5198]]

    ``(3) Additional policies.--The Director of the Bureau of
    Prisons shall develop additional policies to provide appropriate
    incentives for successful participation and completion of
    evidence-based recidivism reduction programming. The incentives
    shall include not less than 2 of the following:
    ``(A) Increased commissary spending limits and
    product offerings.
    ``(B) Extended opportunities to access the email
    system.
    ``(C) Consideration of transfer to preferred housing
    units (including transfer to different prison
    facilities).
    ``(D) Other incentives solicited from prisoners and
    determined appropriate by the Director.
    ``(4) Time credits.--
    ``(A) In general.--A prisoner, except for an
    ineligible prisoner under subparagraph (D), who
    successfully completes evidence-based recidivism
    reduction programming or productive activities, shall
    earn time credits as follows:
    ``(i) A prisoner shall earn 10 days of time
    credits for every 30 days of successful
    participation in evidence-based recidivism
    reduction programming or productive activities.
    ``(ii) <>  A prisoner
    determined by the Bureau of Prisons to be at a
    minimum or low risk for recidivating, who, over 2
    consecutive assessments, has not increased their
    risk of recidivism, shall earn an additional 5
    days of time credits for every 30 days of
    successful participation in evidence-based
    recidivism reduction programming or productive
    activities.
    ``(B) Availability.--A prisoner may not earn time
    credits under this paragraph for an evidence-based
    recidivism reduction program that the prisoner
    successfully completed--
    ``(i) prior to the date of enactment of this
    subchapter; or
    ``(ii) during official detention prior to the
    date that the prisoner's sentence commences under
    section 3585(a).
    ``(C) Application of time credits toward prerelease
    custody or supervised release.--Time credits earned
    under this paragraph by prisoners who successfully
    participate in recidivism reduction programs or
    productive activities shall be applied toward time in
    prerelease custody or supervised
    release. <>  The Director of the
    Bureau of Prisons shall transfer eligible prisoners, as
    determined under section 3624(g), into prerelease
    custody or supervised release.
    ``(D) Ineligible prisoners.--A prisoner is
    ineligible to receive time credits under this paragraph
    if the prisoner is serving a sentence for a conviction
    under any of the following provisions of law:
    ``(i) Section 32, relating to destruction of
    aircraft or aircraft facilities.
    ``(ii) Section 33, relating to destruction of
    motor vehicles or motor vehicle facilities.
    ``(iii) Section 36, relating to drive-by
    shootings.
    ``(iv) Section 81, relating to arson within
    special maritime and territorial jurisdiction.

    [[Page 5199]]

    ``(v) Section 111(b), relating to assaulting,
    resisting, or impeding certain officers or
    employees using a deadly or dangerous weapon or
    inflicting bodily injury.
    ``(vi) Paragraph (1), (7), or (8) of section
    113(a), relating to assault with intent to commit
    murder, assault resulting in substantial bodily
    injury to a spouse or intimate partner, a dating
    partner, or an individual who has not attained the
    age of 16 years, or assault of a spouse, intimate
    partner, or dating partner by strangling,
    suffocating, or attempting to strangle or
    suffocate.
    ``(vii) Section 115, relating to influencing,
    impeding, or retaliating against a Federal
    official by injuring a family member, except for a
    threat made in violation of that section.
    ``(viii) Section 116, relating to female
    genital mutilation.
    ``(ix) Section 117, relating to domestic
    assault by a habitual offender.
    ``(x) Any section of chapter 10, relating to
    biological weapons.
    ``(xi) Any section of chapter 11B, relating to
    chemical weapons.
    ``(xii) Section 351, relating to
    Congressional, Cabinet, and Supreme Court
    assassination, kidnapping, and assault.
    ``(xiii) Section 521, relating to criminal
    street gangs.
    ``(xiv) Section 751, relating to prisoners in
    custody of an institution or officer.
    ``(xv) Section 793, relating to gathering,
    transmitting, or losing defense information.
    ``(xvi) Section 794, relating to gathering or
    delivering defense information to aid a foreign
    government.
    ``(xvii) Any section of chapter 39, relating
    to explosives and other dangerous articles, except
    for section 836 (relating to the transportation of
    fireworks into a State prohibiting sale or use).
    ``(xviii) Section 842(p), relating to
    distribution of information relating to
    explosives, destructive devices, and weapons of
    mass destruction, but only if the conviction
    involved a weapon of mass destruction (as defined
    in section 2332a(c)).
    ``(xix) Subsection (f)(3), (h), or (i) of
    section 844, relating to the use of fire or an
    explosive.
    ``(xx) Section 871, relating to threats
    against the President and successors to the
    Presidency.
    ``(xxi) Section 879, relating to threats
    against former Presidents and certain other
    persons.
    ``(xxii) Section 924(c), relating to unlawful
    possession or use of a firearm during and in
    relation to any crime of violence or drug
    trafficking crime.
    ``(xxiii) Section 1030(a)(1), relating to
    fraud and related activity in connection with
    computers.
    ``(xxiv) Section 1091, relating to genocide.
    ``(xxv) Any section of chapter 51, relating to
    homicide, except for section 1112 (relating to
    manslaughter),

    [[Page 5200]]

    1113 (relating to attempt to commit murder or
    manslaughter, but only if the conviction was for
    an attempt to commit manslaughter), 1115 (relating
    to misconduct or neglect of ship officers), or
    1122 (relating to protection against the human
    immunodeficiency virus).
    ``(xxvi) Any section of chapter 55, relating
    to kidnapping.
    ``(xxvii) Any offense under chapter 77,
    relating to peonage, slavery, and trafficking in
    persons, except for sections 1593 through 1596.
    ``(xxviii) Section 1751, relating to
    Presidential and Presidential staff assassination,
    kidnapping, and assault.
    ``(xxix) Section 1791, relating to providing
    or possessing contraband in prison.
    ``(xxx) Section 1792, relating to mutiny and
    riots.
    ``(xxxi) Section 1841(a)(2)(C), relating to
    intentionally killing or attempting to kill an
    unborn child.
    ``(xxxii) Section 1992, relating to terrorist
    attacks and other violence against railroad
    carriers and against mass transportation systems
    on land, on water, or through the air.
    ``(xxxiii) Section 2113(e), relating to bank
    robbery resulting in death.
    ``(xxxiv) Section 2118(c), relating to
    robberies and burglaries involving controlled
    substances resulting in assault, putting in
    jeopardy the life of any person by the use of a
    dangerous weapon or device, or death.
    ``(xxxv) Section 2119, relating to taking a
    motor vehicle (commonly referred to as
    `carjacking').
    ``(xxxvi) Any section of chapter 105, relating
    to sabotage, except for section 2152.
    ``(xxxvii) Any section of chapter 109A,
    relating to sexual abuse.
    ``(xxxviii) Section 2250, relating to failure
    to register as a sex offender.
    ``(xxxix) Section 2251, relating to the sexual
    exploitation of children.
    ``(xl) Section 2251A, relating to the selling
    or buying of children.
    ``(xli) Section 2252, relating to certain
    activities relating to material involving the
    sexual exploitation of minors.
    ``(xlii) Section 2252A, relating to certain
    activities involving material constituting or
    containing child pornography.
    ``(xliii) Section 2260, relating to the
    production of sexually explicit depictions of a
    minor for importation into the United States.
    ``(xliv) Section 2283, relating to the
    transportation of explosive, biological, chemical,
    or radioactive or nuclear materials.
    ``(xlv) Section 2284, relating to the
    transportation of terrorists.
    ``(xlvi) Section 2291, relating to the
    destruction of a vessel or maritime facility, but
    only if the conduct

    [[Page 5201]]

    that led to the conviction involved a substantial
    risk of death or serious bodily injury.
    ``(xlvii) Any section of chapter 113B,
    relating to terrorism.
    ``(xlviii) Section 2340A, relating to torture.
    ``(xlix) Section 2381, relating to treason.
    ``(l) Section 2442, relating to the
    recruitment or use of child soldiers.
    ``(li) An offense described in section
    3559(c)(2)(F), for which the offender was
    sentenced to a term of imprisonment of more than 1
    year, if the offender has a previous conviction,
    for which the offender served a term of
    imprisonment of more than 1 year, for a Federal or
    State offense, by whatever designation and
    wherever committed, consisting of murder (as
    described in section 1111), voluntary manslaughter
    (as described in section 1112), assault with
    intent to commit murder (as described in section
    113(a)), aggravated sexual abuse and sexual abuse
    (as described in sections 2241 and 2242), abusive
    sexual contact (as described in sections
    2244(a)(1) and (a)(2)), kidnapping (as described
    in chapter 55), carjacking (as described in
    section 2119), arson (as described in section
    844(f)(3), (h), or (i)), or terrorism (as
    described in chapter 113B).
    ``(lii) Section 57(b) of the Atomic Energy Act
    of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2077(b)), relating to the
    engagement or participation in the development or
    production of special nuclear material.
    ``(liii) Section 92 of the Atomic Energy Act
    of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2122), relating to prohibitions
    governing atomic weapons.
    ``(liv) Section 101 of the Atomic Energy Act
    of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2131), relating to the atomic
    energy license requirement.
    ``(lv) Section 224 or 225 of the Atomic Energy
    Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2274, 2275), relating to
    the communication or receipt of restricted data.
    ``(lvi) Section 236 of the Atomic Energy Act
    of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2284), relating to the sabotage
    of nuclear facilities or fuel.
    ``(lvii) Section 60123(b) of title 49,
    relating to damaging or destroying a pipeline
    facility, but only if the conduct which led to the
    conviction involved a substantial risk of death or
    serious bodily injury.
    ``(lviii) Section 401(a) of the Controlled
    Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 841), relating to
    manufacturing or distributing a controlled
    substance in the case of a conviction for an
    offense described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C)
    of subsection (b)(1) of that section for which
    death or serious bodily injury resulted from the
    use of such substance.
    ``(lix) Section 276(a) of the Immigration and
    Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1326), relating to the
    reentry of a removed alien, but only if the alien
    is described in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection
    (b) of that section.

    [[Page 5202]]

    ``(lx) Section 277 of the Immigration and
    Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1327), relating to
    aiding or assisting certain aliens to enter the
    United States.
    ``(lxi) Section 278 of the Immigration and
    Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1328), relating to the
    importation of an alien into the United States for
    an immoral purpose.
    ``(lxii) Any section of the Export
    Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. 4611 et
    seq.)
    ``(lxiii) Section 206 of the International
    Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705).
    ``(lxiv) Section 601 of the National Security
    Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3121), relating to the
    protection of identities of certain United States
    undercover intelligence officers, agents,
    informants, and sources.
    ``(lxv) Subparagraph (A)(i) or (B)(i) of
    section 401(b)(1) of the Controlled Substances Act
    (21 U.S.C. 841(b)(1)) or paragraph (1)(A) or
    (2)(A) of section 1010(b) of the Controlled
    Substances Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C.
    960(b)), relating to manufacturing, distributing,
    dispensing, or possessing with intent to
    manufacture, distribute, dispense, or knowingly
    importing or exporting, a mixture or substance
    containing a detectable amount of heroin if the
    sentencing court finds that the offender was an
    organizer, leader, manager, or supervisor of
    others in the offense, as determined under the
    guidelines promulgated by the United States
    Sentencing Commission.
    ``(lxvi) Subparagraph (A)(vi) or (B)(vi) of
    section 401(b)(1) of the Controlled Substances Act
    (21 U.S.C. 841(b)(1)) or paragraph (1)(F) or
    (2)(F) of section 1010(b) of the Controlled
    Substances Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C.
    960(b)), relating to manufacturing, distributing,
    dispensing, or possessing with intent to
    manufacture, distribute, or dispense, a mixture or
    substance containing a detectable amount of N-
    phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]
    propanamide, or any analogue thereof.

    ``(lxvii) <>
    Subparagraph (A)(viii) or (B)(viii) of section
    401(b)(1) of the Controlled Substances Act (21
    U.S.C. 841(b)(1)) or paragraph (1)(H) or (2)(H) of
    section 1010(b) the Controlled Substances Import
    and Export Act (21 U.S.C. 960(b)), relating to
    manufacturing, distributing, dispensing, or
    possessing with intent to manufacture, distribute,
    or dispense, or knowingly importing or exporting,
    a mixture of substance containing a detectable
    amount of methamphetamine, its salts, isomers, or
    salts of its isomers, if the sentencing court
    finds that the offender was an organizer, leader,
    manager, or supervisor of others in the offense,
    as determined under the guidelines promulgated by
    the United States Sentencing Commission.
    ``(lxviii) Subparagraph (A) or (B) of section
    401(b)(1) of the Controlled Substances Act (21
    U.S.C. 841(b)(1)) or paragraph (1) or (2) of
    section 1010(b) of the Controlled Substances
    Import and Export Act

    [[Page 5203]]

    (21 U.S.C. 960(b)), relating to manufacturing,
    distributing, dispensing, or possessing with
    intent to manufacture, distribute, or dispense, a
    controlled substance, or knowingly importing or
    exporting a controlled substance, if the
    sentencing court finds that--
    ``(I) the offense involved a mixture
    or substance containing a detectable
    amount of N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-
    4-piperidinyl] propanamide, or any
    analogue thereof; and

    ``(II) <>  the offender was an organizer,
    leader, manager, or supervisor of others
    in the offense, as determined under the
    guidelines promulgated by the United
    States Sentencing Commission.
    ``(E) Deportable prisoners ineligible to apply time
    credits.--
    ``(i) In general.--A prisoner is ineligible to
    apply time credits under subparagraph (C) if the
    prisoner is the subject of a final order of
    removal under any provision of the immigration
    laws (as such term is defined in section
    101(a)(17) of the Immigration and Nationality Act
    (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(17))).
    ``(ii) <>  Proceedings.--
    The Attorney General, in consultation with the
    Secretary of Homeland Security, shall ensure that
    any alien described in section 212 or 237 of the
    Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182,
    1227) who seeks to earn time credits are subject
    to proceedings described in section 238(a) of that
    Act (8 U.S.C. 1228(a)) at a date as early as
    practicable during the prisoner's incarceration.
    ``(5) Risk reassessments and level adjustment.--A prisoner
    who successfully participates in evidence-based recidivism
    reduction programming or productive activities shall receive
    periodic risk reassessments not less often than annually, and a
    prisoner determined to be at a medium or high risk of
    recidivating and who has less than 5 years until his or her
    projected release date shall receive more frequent risk
    reassessments. <>  If the
    reassessment shows that the prisoner's risk of recidivating or
    specific needs have changed, the Bureau of Prisons shall update
    the determination of the prisoner's risk of recidivating or
    information regarding the prisoner's specific needs and reassign
    the prisoner to appropriate evidence-based recidivism reduction
    programming or productive activities based on such changes.
    ``(6) Relation to other incentive programs.--The incentives
    described in this subsection shall be in addition to any other
    rewards or incentives for which a prisoner may be eligible.

    ``(e) <>  Penalties.--The Director of the Bureau
    of Prisons shall develop guidelines for the reduction of rewards and
    incentives earned under subsection (d) for prisoners who violate prison
    rules or evidence-based recidivism reduction program or productive
    activity rules, which shall provide--
    ``(1) general levels of violations and resulting reductions;
    ``(2) <>  that any reduction that includes
    the loss of time credits shall require written notice to the
    prisoner, shall be limited to time credits that a prisoner
    earned as of the date of the prisoner's rule violation, and
    shall not include any future time credits that the prisoner may
    earn; and

    [[Page 5204]]

    ``(3) <>  for a procedure to restore time
    credits that a prisoner lost as a result of a rule violation,
    based on the prisoner's individual progress after the date of
    the rule violation.

    ``(f) Bureau of Prisons Training.--The Attorney General shall
    develop and implement training programs for Bureau of Prisons officers
    and employees responsible for administering the System, which shall
    include--
    ``(1) initial training to educate officers and employees on
    how to use the System in an appropriate and consistent manner,
    as well as the reasons for using the System;
    ``(2) continuing education;
    ``(3) periodic training updates; and
    ``(4) a requirement that such officers and employees
    demonstrate competence in administering the System, including
    interrater reliability, on a biannual basis.

    ``(g) Quality Assurance.-- <> In order to ensure that
    the Bureau of Prisons is using the System in an appropriate and
    consistent manner, the Attorney General shall monitor and assess the use
    of the System, which shall include conducting annual audits of the
    Bureau of Prisons regarding the use of the System.

    ``(h) Dyslexia Screening.--
    ``(1) Screening.--The Attorney General shall incorporate a
    dyslexia screening program into the System, including by
    screening for dyslexia during--
    ``(A) the intake process; and
    ``(B) each periodic risk reassessment of a prisoner.
    ``(2) Treatment.--The Attorney General shall incorporate
    programs designed to treat dyslexia into the evidence-based
    recidivism reduction programs or productive activities required
    to be implemented under this section. The Attorney General may
    also incorporate programs designed to treat other learning
    disabilities.
    ``Sec. 3633. <>  Evidence-based recidivism
    reduction program and recommendations

    ``(a) In General.-- <> Prior to
    releasing the System, in consultation with the Independent Review
    Committee authorized by the First Step Act of 2018, the Attorney General
    shall--
    ``(1) review the effectiveness of evidence-based recidivism
    reduction programs that exist as of the date of enactment of
    this subchapter in prisons operated by the Bureau of Prisons;
    ``(2) review available information regarding the
    effectiveness of evidence-based recidivism reduction programs
    and productive activities that exist in State-operated prisons
    throughout the United States;
    ``(3) identify the most effective evidence-based recidivism
    reduction programs;
    ``(4) review the policies for entering into evidence-based
    recidivism reduction partnerships described in section
    3621(h)(5); and
    ``(5) direct the Bureau of Prisons regarding--
    ``(A) evidence-based recidivism reduction programs;
    ``(B) the ability for faith-based organizations to
    function as a provider of educational evidence-based
    programs outside of the religious classes and services
    provided through the Chaplaincy; and

    [[Page 5205]]

    ``(C) the addition of any new effective evidence-
    based recidivism reduction programs that the Attorney
    General finds.

    ``(b) Review and Recommendations Regarding Dyslexia Mitigation.--In
    carrying out subsection (a), the Attorney General shall consider the
    prevalence and mitigation of dyslexia in prisons, including by--
    ``(1) reviewing statistics on the prevalence of dyslexia,
    and the effectiveness of any programs implemented to mitigate
    the effects of dyslexia, in prisons operated by the Bureau of
    Prisons and State-operated prisons throughout the United States;
    and
    ``(2) incorporating the findings of the Attorney General
    under paragraph (1) of this subsection into any directives given
    to the Bureau of Prisons under paragraph (5) of subsection (a).
    ``Sec. 3634. <>  Report

    `` <> Beginning on the date that
    is 2 years after the date of enactment of this subchapter, and annually
    thereafter for a period of 5 years, the Attorney General shall submit a
    report to the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and the House of
    Representatives and the Subcommittees on Commerce, Justice, Science, and
    Related Agencies of the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and
    the House of Representatives that contains the following:
    ``(1) A summary of the activities and accomplishments of the
    Attorney General in carrying out this Act.
    ``(2) <>  A summary and assessment of the
    types and effectiveness of the evidence-based recidivism
    reduction programs and productive activities in prisons operated
    by the Bureau of Prisons, including--
    ``(A) evidence about which programs have been shown
    to reduce recidivism;
    ``(B) the capacity of each program and activity at
    each prison, including the number of prisoners along
    with the recidivism risk of each prisoner enrolled in
    each program; and
    ``(C) identification of any gaps or shortages in
    capacity of such programs and activities.
    ``(3) Rates of recidivism among individuals who have been
    released from Federal prison, based on the following criteria:
    ``(A) The primary offense of conviction.
    ``(B) The length of the sentence imposed and served.
    ``(C) The Bureau of Prisons facility or facilities
    in which the prisoner's sentence was served.
    ``(D) The evidence-based recidivism reduction
    programming that the prisoner successfully completed, if
    any.
    ``(E) The prisoner's assessed and reassessed risk of
    recidivism.
    ``(F) The productive activities that the prisoner
    successfully completed, if any.
    ``(4) The status of prison work programs at facilities
    operated by the Bureau of Prisons, including--
    ``(A) <>  a strategy to expand the
    availability of such programs without reducing job
    opportunities for workers in the United States who are
    not in the custody of the Bureau

    [[Page 5206]]

    of Prisons, including the feasibility of prisoners
    manufacturing products purchased by Federal agencies
    that are manufactured overseas;
    ``(B) <>  an assessment of the
    feasibility of expanding such programs, consistent with
    the strategy required under subparagraph (A), with the
    goal that 5 years after the date of enactment of this
    subchapter, not less than 75 percent of eligible
    minimum- and low-risk offenders have the opportunity to
    participate in a prison work program for not less than
    20 hours per week; and
    ``(C) a detailed discussion of legal authorities
    that would be useful or necessary to achieve the goals
    described in subparagraphs (A) and (B).
    ``(5) <>  An assessment of the Bureau of
    Prisons' compliance with section 3621(h).
    ``(6) <>  An assessment of progress made
    toward carrying out the purposes of this subchapter, including
    any savings associated with--
    ``(A) the transfer of prisoners into prerelease
    custody or supervised release under section 3624(g),
    including savings resulting from the avoidance or
    deferral of future construction, acquisition, and
    operations costs; and
    ``(B) any decrease in recidivism that may be
    attributed to the System or the increase in evidence-
    based recidivism reduction programs required under this
    subchapter.
    ``(7) <>  An assessment of budgetary
    savings resulting from this subchapter, including--
    ``(A) a summary of the amount of savings resulting
    from the transfer of prisoners into prerelease custody
    under this chapter, including savings resulting from the
    avoidance or deferral of future construction,
    acquisition, or operations costs;
    ``(B) a summary of the amount of savings resulting
    from any decrease in recidivism that may be attributed
    to the implementation of the risk and needs assessment
    system or the increase in recidivism reduction programs
    and productive activities required by this subchapter;
    ``(C) <>  a strategy to reinvest
    the savings described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) in
    other--
    ``(i) Federal, State, and local law
    enforcement activities; and
    ``(ii) expansions of recidivism reduction
    programs and productive activities in the Bureau
    of Prisons; and
    ``(D) a description of how the reduced expenditures
    on Federal corrections and the budgetary savings
    resulting from this subchapter are currently being used
    and will be used to--
    ``(i) increase investment in law enforcement
    and crime prevention to combat gangs of national
    significance and high-level drug traffickers
    through the High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas
    Program and other task forces;
    ``(ii) hire, train, and equip law enforcement
    officers and prosecutors; and

    [[Page 5207]]

    ``(iii) promote crime reduction programs using
    evidence-based practices and strategic planning to
    help reduce crime and criminal recidivism.
    ``(8) Statistics on--
    ``(A) the prevalence of dyslexia among prisoners in
    prisons operated by the Bureau of Prisons; and
    ``(B) any change in the effectiveness of dyslexia
    mitigation programs among such prisoners that may be
    attributed to the incorporation of dyslexia screening
    into the System and of dyslexia treatment into the
    evidence-based recidivism reduction programs, as
    required under this chapter.
    ``Sec. 3635. <>  Definitions

    ``In this subchapter the following definitions apply:
    ``(1) Dyslexia.--The term `dyslexia' means an unexpected
    difficulty in reading for an individual who has the intelligence
    to be a much better reader, most commonly caused by a difficulty
    in the phonological processing (the appreciation of the
    individual sounds of spoken language), which affects the ability
    of an individual to speak, read, and spell.
    ``(2) Dyslexia screening program.--The term `dyslexia
    screening program' means a screening program for dyslexia that
    is--
    ``(A) evidence-based (as defined in section 8101(21)
    of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
    (20 U.S.C. 7801(21))) with proven psychometrics for
    validity;
    ``(B) efficient and low-cost; and
    ``(C) readily available.
    ``(3) Evidence-based recidivism reduction program.--The term
    `evidence-based recidivism reduction program' means either a
    group or individual activity that--
    ``(A) has been shown by empirical evidence to reduce
    recidivism or is based on research indicating that it is
    likely to be effective in reducing recidivism;
    ``(B) is designed to help prisoners succeed in their
    communities upon release from prison; and
    ``(C) may include--
    ``(i) social learning and communication,
    interpersonal, anti-bullying, rejection response,
    and other life skills;
    ``(ii) family relationship building,
    structured parent-child interaction, and parenting
    skills;
    ``(iii) classes on morals or ethics;
    ``(iv) academic classes;
    ``(v) cognitive behavioral treatment;
    ``(vi) mentoring;
    ``(vii) substance abuse treatment;
    ``(viii) vocational training;
    ``(ix) faith-based classes or services;
    ``(x) civic engagement and reintegrative
    community services;
    ``(xi) a prison job, including through a
    prison work program;
    ``(xii) victim impact classes or other
    restorative justice programs; and
    ``(xiii) trauma counseling and trauma-informed
    support programs.

    [[Page 5208]]

    ``(4) Prisoner.--The term `prisoner' means a person who has
    been sentenced to a term of imprisonment pursuant to a
    conviction for a Federal criminal offense, or a person in the
    custody of the Bureau of Prisons.
    ``(5) Productive activity.--The term `productive activity'
    means either a group or individual activity that is designed to
    allow prisoners determined as having a minimum or low risk of
    recidivating to remain productive and thereby maintain a minimum
    or low risk of recidivating, and may include the delivery of the
    programs described in paragraph (1) to other prisoners.
    ``(6) Risk and needs assessment tool.--The term `risk and
    needs assessment tool' means an objective and statistically
    validated method through which information is collected and
    evaluated to determine--
    ``(A) as part of the intake process, the risk that a
    prisoner will recidivate upon release from prison;
    ``(B) the recidivism reduction programs that will
    best minimize the risk that the prisoner will recidivate
    upon release from prison; and
    ``(C) the periodic reassessment of risk that a
    prisoner will recidivate upon release from prison, based
    on factors including indicators of progress and of
    regression, that are dynamic and that can reasonably be
    expected to change while in prison.''.

    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of subchapters for chapter 229 of
    title 18, United States Code, <>  is amended
    by adding at the end the following:

    ``D.  Risk and Needs Assessment..................................3631''.
    SEC. 102. IMPLEMENTATION OF SYSTEM AND RECOMMENDATIONS BY BUREAU
    OF PRISONS.

    (a) Implementation of System Generally.--Section 3621 of title 18,
    United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(h) Implementation of Risk and Needs Assessment System.--
    ``(1) In general.-- <> Not later than 180
    days after the Attorney General completes and releases the risk
    and needs assessment system (referred to in this subsection as
    the `System') developed under subchapter D, the Director of the
    Bureau of Prisons shall, in accordance with that subchapter--
    ``(A) implement and complete the initial intake risk
    and needs assessment for each prisoner (including for
    each prisoner who was a prisoner prior to the effective
    date of this subsection), regardless of the prisoner's
    length of imposed term of imprisonment, and begin to
    assign prisoners to appropriate evidence-based
    recidivism reduction programs based on that
    determination;
    ``(B) begin to expand the effective evidence-based
    recidivism reduction programs and productive activities
    it offers and add any new evidence-based recidivism
    reduction programs and productive activities necessary
    to effectively implement the System; and
    ``(C) begin to implement the other risk and needs
    assessment tools necessary to effectively implement the
    System over time, while prisoners are participating in
    and

    [[Page 5209]]

    completing the effective evidence-based recidivism
    reduction programs and productive activities.
    ``(2) Phase-in.--In order to carry out paragraph (1), so
    that every prisoner has the opportunity to participate in and
    complete the type and amount of evidence-based recidivism
    reduction programs or productive activities they need, and be
    reassessed for recidivism risk as necessary to effectively
    implement the System, the Bureau of Prisons shall--
    ``(A) <>  provide such evidence-
    based recidivism reduction programs and productive
    activities for all prisoners before the date that is 2
    years after the date on which the Bureau of Prisons
    completes a risk and needs assessment for each prisoner
    under paragraph (1)(A); and
    ``(B) develop and validate the risk and needs
    assessment tool to be used in the reassessments of risk
    of recidivism, while prisoners are participating in and
    completing evidence-based recidivism reduction programs
    and productive activities.
    ``(3) Priority during phase-in.--During the 2-year period
    described in paragraph (2)(A), the priority for such programs
    and activities shall be accorded based on a prisoner's proximity
    to release date.
    ``(4) Preliminary expansion of evidence-based recidivism
    reduction programs and authority to use incentives.--
    <> Beginning on the date of enactment of
    this subsection, the Bureau of Prisons may begin to expand any
    evidence-based recidivism reduction programs and productive
    activities that exist at a prison as of such date, and may offer
    to prisoners who successfully participate in such programs and
    activities the incentives and rewards described in subchapter D.
    ``(5) Recidivism reduction partnerships.--
    <> In order to expand evidence-based recidivism
    reduction programs and productive activities, the Attorney
    General shall develop policies for the warden of each prison of
    the Bureau of Prisons to enter into partnerships, subject to the
    availability of appropriations, with any of the following:
    ``(A) Nonprofit and other private organizations,
    including faith-based, art, and community-based
    organizations that will deliver recidivism reduction
    programming on a paid or volunteer basis.
    ``(B) Institutions of higher education (as defined
    in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
    U.S.C. 1001)) that will deliver instruction on a paid or
    volunteer basis.
    ``(C) Private entities that will--
    ``(i) deliver vocational training and
    certifications;
    ``(ii) provide equipment to facilitate
    vocational training or employment opportunities
    for prisoners;
    ``(iii) employ prisoners; or
    ``(iv) assist prisoners in prerelease custody
    or supervised release in finding employment.
    ``(D) Industry-sponsored organizations that will
    deliver workforce development and training, on a paid or
    volunteer basis.
    ``(6) Requirement to provide programs to all prisoners;
    priority.--The Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall provide
    all prisoners with the opportunity to actively participate

    [[Page 5210]]

    in evidence-based recidivism reduction programs or productive
    activities, according to their specific criminogenic needs,
    throughout their entire term of incarceration. Priority for
    participation in recidivism reduction programs shall be given to
    medium-risk and high-risk prisoners, with access to productive
    activities given to minimum-risk and low-risk prisoners.
    ``(7) Definitions.--The terms in this subsection have the
    meaning given those terms in section 3635.''.

    (b) Prerelease Custody.--
    (1) In general.--Section 3624 of title 18, United States
    Code, is amended--
    (A) in subsection (b)(1)--
    (i) by striking ``, beyond the time served, of
    up to 54 days at the end of each year of the
    prisoner's term of imprisonment, beginning at the
    end of the first year of the term,'' and inserting
    ``of up to 54 days for each year of the prisoner's
    sentence imposed by the court,''; and
    (ii) by striking ``credit for the last year or
    portion of a year of the term of imprisonment
    shall be prorated and credited within the last six
    weeks of the sentence'' and inserting ``credit for
    the last year of a term of imprisonment shall be
    credited on the first day of the last year of the
    term of imprisonment''; and
    (B) by adding at the end the following:

    ``(g) Prerelease Custody or Supervised Release for Risk and Needs
    Assessment System Participants.--
    ``(1) Eligible prisoners.-- <> This
    subsection applies in the case of a prisoner (as such term is
    defined in section 3635) who--
    ``(A) has earned time credits under the risk and
    needs assessment system developed under subchapter D
    (referred to in this subsection as the `System') in an
    amount that is equal to the remainder of the prisoner's
    imposed term of imprisonment;
    ``(B) has shown through the periodic risk
    reassessments a demonstrated recidivism risk reduction
    or has maintained a minimum or low recidivism risk,
    during the prisoner's term of imprisonment;
    ``(C) has had the remainder of the prisoner's
    imposed term of imprisonment computed under applicable
    law; and
    ``(D)(i) <>  in the case of a
    prisoner being placed in prerelease custody, the
    prisoner--
    ``(I) has been determined under the System to
    be a minimum or low risk to recidivate pursuant to
    the last 2 reassessments of the prisoner; or
    ``(II) has had a petition to be transferred to
    prerelease custody or supervised release approved
    by the warden of the prison, after the warden's
    determination that--
    ``(aa) the prisoner would not be a
    danger to society if transferred to
    prerelease custody or supervised
    release;
    ``(bb) the prisoner has made a good
    faith effort to lower their recidivism
    risk through participation in recidivism
    reduction programs or productive
    activities; and

    [[Page 5211]]

    ``(cc) the prisoner is unlikely to
    recidivate; or
    ``(ii) in the case of a prisoner being placed in
    supervised release, the prisoner has been determined
    under the System to be a minimum or low risk to
    recidivate pursuant to the last reassessment of the
    prisoner.
    ``(2) Types of prerelease custody.--A prisoner shall be
    placed in prerelease custody as follows:
    ``(A) <>  Home confinement.--
    ``(i) In general.--A prisoner placed in
    prerelease custody pursuant to this subsection who
    is placed in home confinement shall--
    ``(I) be subject to 24-hour
    electronic monitoring that enables the
    prompt identification of the prisoner,
    location, and time, in the case of any
    violation of subclause (II);
    ``(II) remain in the prisoner's
    residence, except that the prisoner may
    leave the prisoner's home in order to,
    subject to the approval of the Director
    of the Bureau of Prisons--
    ``(aa) perform a job or job-
    related activities, including an
    apprenticeship, or participate
    in job-seeking activities;
    ``(bb) participate in
    evidence-based recidivism
    reduction programming or
    productive activities assigned
    by the System, or similar
    activities;
    ``(cc) perform community
    service;
    ``(dd) participate in crime
    victim restoration activities;
    ``(ee) receive medical
    treatment;
    ``(ff) attend religious
    activities; or
    ``(gg) participate in other
    family-related activities that
    facilitate the prisoner's
    successful reentry such as a
    family funeral, a family
    wedding, or to visit a family
    member who is seriously ill; and
    ``(III) comply with such other
    conditions as the Director determines
    appropriate.
    ``(ii) Alternate means of monitoring.--If the
    electronic monitoring of a prisoner described in
    clause (i)(I) is infeasible for technical or
    religious reasons, the Director of the Bureau of
    Prisons may use alternative means of monitoring a
    prisoner placed in home confinement that the
    Director determines are as effective or more
    effective than the electronic monitoring described
    in clause (i)(I).
    ``(iii) Modifications.--The Director of the
    Bureau of Prisons may modify the conditions
    described in clause (i) if the Director determines
    that a compelling reason exists to do so, and that
    the prisoner has demonstrated exemplary compliance
    with such conditions.
    ``(iv) Duration.--Except as provided in
    paragraph (4), a prisoner who is placed in home
    confinement shall remain in home confinement until
    the prisoner has served not less than 85 percent
    of the prisoner's imposed term of imprisonment.

    [[Page 5212]]

    ``(B) Residential reentry center.--A prisoner placed
    in prerelease custody pursuant to this subsection who is
    placed at a residential reentry center shall be subject
    to such conditions as the Director of the Bureau of
    Prisons determines appropriate.
    ``(3) Supervised release.--If the sentencing court included
    as a part of the prisoner's sentence a requirement that the
    prisoner be placed on a term of supervised release after
    imprisonment pursuant to section 3583, the Director of the
    Bureau of Prisons may transfer the prisoner to begin any such
    term of supervised release at an earlier date, not to exceed 12
    months, based on the application of time credits under section
    3632.
    ``(4) Determination of conditions.--In determining
    appropriate conditions for prisoners placed in prerelease
    custody pursuant to this subsection, the Director of the Bureau
    of Prisons shall, to the extent practicable, provide that
    increasingly less restrictive conditions shall be imposed on
    prisoners who demonstrate continued compliance with the
    conditions of such prerelease custody, so as to most effectively
    prepare such prisoners for reentry.
    ``(5) Violations of conditions.--If a prisoner violates a
    condition of the prisoner's prerelease custody, the Director of
    the Bureau of Prisons may impose such additional conditions on
    the prisoner's prerelease custody as the Director of the Bureau
    of Prisons determines appropriate, or revoke the prisoner's
    prerelease custody and require the prisoner to serve the
    remainder of the term of imprisonment to which the prisoner was
    sentenced, or any portion thereof, in prison. If the violation
    is nontechnical in nature, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons
    shall revoke the prisoner's prerelease custody.
    ``(6) Issuance of guidelines.--
    <> The Attorney General, in
    consultation with the Assistant Director for the Office of
    Probation and Pretrial Services, shall issue guidelines for use
    by the Bureau of Prisons in determining--
    ``(A) the appropriate type of prerelease custody or
    supervised release and level of supervision for a
    prisoner placed on prerelease custody pursuant to this
    subsection; and
    ``(B) consequences for a violation of a condition of
    such prerelease custody by such a prisoner, including a
    return to prison and a reassessment of evidence-based
    recidivism risk level under the System.
    ``(7) Agreements with united states probation and pretrial
    services.--The Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall, to the
    greatest extent practicable, enter into agreements with United
    States Probation and Pretrial Services to supervise prisoners
    placed in home confinement under this subsection. Such
    agreements shall--
    ``(A) authorize United States Probation and Pretrial
    Services to exercise the authority granted to the
    Director pursuant to paragraphs (3) and (4); and
    ``(B) take into account the resource requirements of
    United States Probation and Pretrial Services as a
    result of the transfer of Bureau of Prisons prisoners to
    prerelease custody or supervised release.

    [[Page 5213]]

    ``(8) Assistance.--United States Probation and Pretrial
    Services shall, to the greatest extent practicable, offer
    assistance to any prisoner not under its supervision during
    prerelease custody under this subsection.
    ``(9) <>  Mentoring, reentry, and
    spiritual services.--Any prerelease custody into which a
    prisoner is placed under this subsection may not include a
    condition prohibiting the prisoner from receiving mentoring,
    reentry, or spiritual services from a person who provided such
    services to the prisoner while the prisoner was incarcerated,
    except that the warden of the facility at which the prisoner was
    incarcerated may waive the requirement under this paragraph if
    the warden finds that the provision of such services would pose
    a significant security risk to the prisoner, persons who provide
    such services, or any other person. <>  The
    warden shall provide written notice of any such waiver to the
    person providing such services and to the prisoner.
    ``(10) Time limits inapplicable.--The time limits under
    subsections (b) and (c) shall not apply to prerelease custody
    under this subsection.
    ``(11) Prerelease custody capacity.--The Director of the
    Bureau of Prisons shall ensure there is sufficient prerelease
    custody capacity to accommodate all eligible prisoners.''.
    (2) Effective date.-- <> The
    amendments made by this subsection shall take effect beginning
    on the date that the Attorney General completes and releases the
    risk and needs assessment system under subchapter D of chapter
    229 of title 18, United States Code, as added by section 101(a)
    of this Act.
    (3) Applicability.-- <> The
    amendments made by this subsection shall apply with respect to
    offenses committed before, on, or after the date of enactment of
    this Act, except that such amendments shall not apply with
    respect to offenses committed before November 1, 1987.
    SEC. 103. <>  GAO REPORT.

    Not later than 2 years after the Director of the Bureau of Prisons
    implements the risk and needs assessment system under section 3621 of
    title 18, United States Code, and every 2 years thereafter, the
    Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct an audit of the
    use of the risk and needs assessment system at Bureau of Prisons
    facilities. The audit shall include analysis of the following:
    (1) Whether inmates are being assessed under the risk and
    needs assessment system with the frequency required under such
    section 3621 of title 18, United States Code.
    (2) Whether the Bureau of Prisons is able to offer
    recidivism reduction programs and productive activities (as such
    terms are defined in section 3635 of title 18, United States
    Code, as added by section 101(a) of this Act).
    (3) Whether the Bureau of Prisons is offering the type,
    amount, and intensity of recidivism reduction programs and
    productive activities for prisoners to earn the maximum amount
    of time credits for which they are eligible.
    (4) Whether the Attorney General is carrying out the duties
    under section 3631(b) of title 18, United States Code, as added
    by section 101(a) of this Act.

    [[Page 5214]]

    (5) Whether officers and employees of the Bureau of Prisons
    are receiving the training described in section 3632(f) of title
    18, United States Code, as added by section 101(a) of this Act.
    (6) Whether the Bureau of Prisons offers work assignments to
    all prisoners who might benefit from such an assignment.
    (7) Whether the Bureau of Prisons transfers prisoners to
    prerelease custody or supervised release as soon as they are
    eligible for such a transfer under section 3624(g) of title 18,
    United States Code, as added by section 102(b) of this Act.
    (8) The rates of recidivism among similarly classified
    prisoners to identify any unwarranted disparities, including
    disparities among similarly classified prisoners of different
    demographic groups, in such rates.
    SEC. 104. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) In General.--There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out
    this title $75,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023. Of
    the amount appropriated under this subsection, 80 percent shall be
    reserved for use by the Director of the Bureau of Prisons to implement
    the system under section 3621(h) of title 18, United States Code, as
    added by section 102(a) of this Act.
    (b) Savings.--It is the sense of Congress that any savings
    associated with reductions in recidivism that result from this title
    should be reinvested--
    (1) to supplement funding for programs that increase public
    safety by providing resources to State and local law enforcement
    officials, including for the adoption of innovative technologies
    and information sharing capabilities;
    (2) into evidence-based recidivism reduction programs
    offered by the Bureau of Prisons; and
    (3) into ensuring eligible prisoners have access to such
    programs and productive activities offered by the Bureau of
    Prisons.
    SEC. 105. <>  RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

    Nothing in this Act, or the amendments made by this Act, may be
    construed to provide authority to place a prisoner in prerelease custody
    or supervised release who is serving a term of imprisonment pursuant to
    a conviction for an offense under the laws of one of the 50 States, or
    of a territory or possession of the United States or to amend or affect
    the enforcement of the immigration laws, as defined in section 101 of
    the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101).
    SEC. 106. <>  FAITH-BASED CONSIDERATIONS.

    (a) In General.--In considering any program, treatment, regimen,
    group, company, charity, person, or entity of any kind under any
    provision of this Act, or the amendments made by this Act, the fact that
    it may be or is faith-based may not be a basis for any discrimination
    against it in any manner or for any purpose.
    (b) Eligibility for Earned Time Credit.--Participation in a faith-
    based program, treatment, or regimen may qualify a prisoner for earned
    time credit under subchapter D of chapter 229 of title 18, United States
    Code, as added by section 101(a) of this Act, however, the Director of
    the Bureau of Prisons shall ensure that non-faith-based programs that
    qualify for earned time credit are

    [[Page 5215]]

    offered at each Bureau of Prisons facility in addition to any such
    faith-based programs.
    (c) Limitation on Activities.--A group, company, charity, person, or
    entity may not engage in explicitly religious activities using direct
    financial assistance made available under this title or the amendments
    made by this title.
    (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this Act, or the amendments
    made by this Act, may be construed to amend any requirement under
    Federal law or the Constitution of the United States regarding funding
    for faith-based programs or activities.
    SEC. 107. <>  INDEPENDENT REVIEW
    COMMITTEE.

    (a) In General.-- <> The Attorney General shall
    consult with an Independent Review Committee in carrying out the
    Attorney General's duties under sections 3631(b), 3632 and 3633 of title
    18, United States Code, as added by section 101(a) of this Act.

    (b) Formation of Independent Review Committee.--The National
    Institute of Justice shall select a nonpartisan and nonprofit
    organization with expertise in the study and development of risk and
    needs assessment tools to host the Independent Review
    Committee. <>  The Independent Review Committee shall
    be established not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act.

    (c) Appointment of Independent Review Committee.--The organization
    selected by the National Institute of Justice shall appoint not fewer
    than 6 members to the Independent Review Committee.
    (d) Composition of the Independent Review Committee.--The members of
    the Independent Review Committee shall all have expertise in risk and
    needs assessment systems and shall include--
    (1) 2 individuals who have published peer-reviewed
    scholarship about risk and needs assessments in both corrections
    and community settings;
    (2) 2 corrections practitioners who have developed and
    implemented a risk assessment tool in a corrections system or in
    a community supervision setting, including 1 with prior
    experience working within the Bureau of Prisons; and
    (3) 1 individual with expertise in assessing risk assessment
    implementation.

    (e) Duties of the Independent Review Committee.--The Independent
    Review Committee shall assist the Attorney General in carrying out the
    Attorney General's duties under sections 3631(b), 3632 and 3633 of title
    18, United States Code, as added by section 101(a) of this Act,
    including by assisting in--
    (1) conducting a review of the existing prisoner risk and
    needs assessment systems in operation on the date of enactment
    of this Act;
    (2) <>  developing recommendations
    regarding evidence-based recidivism reduction programs and
    productive activities;
    (3) <>  conducting research and data
    analysis on--
    (A) evidence-based recidivism reduction programs
    relating to the use of prisoner risk and needs
    assessment tools;
    (B) the most effective and efficient uses of such
    programs; and
    (C) which evidence-based recidivism reduction
    programs are the most effective at reducing recidivism,
    and

    [[Page 5216]]

    the type, amount, and intensity of programming that most
    effectively reduces the risk of recidivism; and
    (4) reviewing and validating the risk and needs assessment
    system.

    (f) Bureau of Prisons Cooperation.--The Director of the Bureau of
    Prisons shall assist the Independent Review Committee in performing the
    Committee's duties and promptly respond to requests from the Committee
    for access to Bureau of Prisons facilities, personnel, and information.
    (g) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Independent Review Committee shall submit to the Committee
    on the Judiciary and the Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and
    Related Agencies of the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and
    the Committee on the Judiciary and the Subcommittee on Commerce,
    Justice, Science, and Related Agencies of the Committee on
    Appropriations of the House of Representatives a report that includes--
    (1) <>  a list of all offenses of conviction
    for which prisoners were ineligible to receive time credits
    under section 3632(d)(4)(D) of title 18, United States Code, as
    added by section 101(a) of this Act, and for each offense the
    number of prisoners excluded, including demographic percentages
    by age, race, and sex;
    (2) the criminal history categories of prisoners ineligible
    to receive time credits under section 3632(d)(4)(D) of title 18,
    United States Code, as added by section 101(a) of this Act, and
    for each category the number of prisoners excluded, including
    demographic percentages by age, race, and sex;
    (3) the number of prisoners ineligible to apply time credits
    under section 3632(d)(4)(D) of title 18, United States Code, as
    added by section 101(a) of this Act, who do not participate in
    recidivism reduction programming or productive activities,
    including the demographic percentages by age, race, and sex;
    (4) <>  any recommendations for
    modifications to section 3632(d)(4)(D) of title 18, United
    States Code, as added by section 101(a) of this Act, and any
    other recommendations regarding recidivism reduction.

    (h) Termination.--The Independent Review Committee shall terminate
    on the date that is 2 years after the date on which the risk and needs
    assessment system authorized by sections 3632 and 3633 of title 18,
    United States Code, as added by section 101(a) of this Act, is released.

    TITLE II-- <> BUREAU OF PRISONS SECURE FIREARMS STORAGE
    SEC. 201. <>  SHORT TITLE.

    This title may be cited as the ``Lieutenant Osvaldo Albarati
    Correctional Officer Self-Protection Act of 2018''.
    SEC. 202. SECURE FIREARMS STORAGE.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 303 of title 18, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 4050. <>  Secure firearms storage

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section--

    [[Page 5217]]

    ``(1) the term `employee' means a qualified law enforcement
    officer employed by the Bureau of Prisons; and
    ``(2) the terms `firearm' and `qualified law enforcement
    officer' have the meanings given those terms under section 926B.

    ``(b) Secure Firearms Storage.--The Director of the Bureau of
    Prisons shall ensure that each chief executive officer of a Federal
    penal or correctional institution--
    ``(1)(A) provides a secure storage area located outside of
    the secure perimeter of the institution for employees to store
    firearms; or
    ``(B) allows employees to store firearms in a vehicle
    lockbox approved by the Director of the Bureau of Prisons; and
    ``(2) notwithstanding any other provision of law, allows
    employees to carry concealed firearms on the premises outside of
    the secure perimeter of the institution.''.

    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for
    chapter 303 of title 18, United States Code, <>  is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``4050. Secure firearms storage.''.

    TITLE III--RESTRAINTS ON PREGNANT PRISONERS PROHIBITED

    SEC. 301. USE OF RESTRAINTS ON PRISONERS DURING THE PERIOD OF
    PREGNANCY AND POSTPARTUM RECOVERY
    PROHIBITED.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 317 of title 18, United States Code, is
    amended by inserting after section 4321 the following:
    ``Sec. 4322. <>  Use of restraints on
    prisoners during the period of pregnancy, labor,
    and postpartum recovery prohibited

    ``(a) Prohibition.--Except as provided in subsection (b), beginning
    on the date on which pregnancy is confirmed by a healthcare
    professional, and ending at the conclusion of postpartum recovery, a
    prisoner in the custody of the Bureau of Prisons, or in the custody of
    the United States Marshals Service pursuant to section 4086, shall not
    be placed in restraints.
    ``(b) Exceptions.--
    ``(1) In general.-- <> The
    prohibition under subsection (a) shall not apply if--
    ``(A) an appropriate corrections official, or a
    United States marshal, as applicable, makes a
    determination that the prisoner--
    ``(i) is an immediate and credible flight risk
    that cannot reasonably be prevented by other
    means; or
    ``(ii) poses an immediate and serious threat
    of harm to herself or others that cannot
    reasonably be prevented by other means; or
    ``(B) a healthcare professional responsible for the
    health and safety of the prisoner determines that the
    use of restraints is appropriate for the medical safety
    of the prisoner.

    [[Page 5218]]

    ``(2) Least restrictive restraints.--In the case that
    restraints are used pursuant to an exception under paragraph
    (1), only the least restrictive restraints necessary to prevent
    the harm or risk of escape described in paragraph (1) may be
    used.
    ``(3) Application.--
    ``(A) In general.--The exceptions under paragraph
    (1) may not be applied--
    ``(i) to place restraints around the ankles,
    legs, or waist of a prisoner;
    ``(ii) to restrain a prisoner's hands behind
    her back;
    ``(iii) to restrain a prisoner using 4-point
    restraints; or
    ``(iv) to attach a prisoner to another
    prisoner.
    ``(B) Medical request.--Notwithstanding paragraph
    (1), upon the request of a healthcare professional who
    is responsible for the health and safety of a prisoner,
    a corrections official or United States marshal, as
    applicable, shall refrain from using restraints on the
    prisoner or shall remove restraints used on the
    prisoner.

    ``(c) Reports.--
    ``(1) Report to the director and healthcare professional.--
    If a corrections official or United States marshal uses
    restraints on a prisoner under subsection (b)(1), that official
    or marshal shall submit, not later than 30 days after placing
    the prisoner in restraints, to the Director of the Bureau of
    Prisons or the Director of the United States Marshals Service,
    as applicable, and to the healthcare professional responsible
    for the health and safety of the prisoner, a written report that
    describes the facts and circumstances surrounding the use of
    restraints, and includes--
    ``(A) the reasoning upon which the determination to
    use restraints was made;
    ``(B) the details of the use of restraints,
    including the type of restraints used and length of time
    during which restraints were used; and
    ``(C) any resulting physical effects on the prisoner
    observed by or known to the corrections official or
    United States marshal, as applicable.
    ``(2) Supplemental report to the director.--Upon receipt of
    a report under paragraph (1), the healthcare professional
    responsible for the health and safety of the prisoner may submit
    to the Director such information as the healthcare professional
    determines is relevant to the use of restraints on the prisoner.
    ``(3) Report to judiciary committees.--
    ``(A) In general.-- <> Not
    later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this
    section, and annually thereafter, the Director of the
    Bureau of Prisons and the Director of the United States
    Marshals Service shall each submit to the Judiciary
    Committee of the Senate and of the House of
    Representatives a report that certifies compliance with
    this section and includes the information required to be
    reported under paragraph (1).
    ``(B) Personally identifiable information.--The
    report under this paragraph shall not contain any
    personally identifiable information of any prisoner.

    [[Page 5219]]

    ``(d) Notice.-- <> Not later than 48 hours after
    the confirmation of a prisoner's pregnancy by a healthcare professional,
    that prisoner shall be notified by an appropriate healthcare
    professional, corrections official, or United States marshal, as
    applicable, of the restrictions on the use of restraints under this
    section.

    ``(e) Violation Reporting Process.-- <> The
    Director of the Bureau of Prisons, in consultation with the Director of
    the United States Marshals Service, shall establish a process through
    which a prisoner may report a violation of this section.

    ``(f) Training.--
    ``(1) In general.-- <> The Director of
    the Bureau of Prisons and the Director of the United States
    Marshals Service shall each develop training guidelines
    regarding the use of restraints on female prisoners during the
    period of pregnancy, labor, and postpartum recovery, and shall
    incorporate such guidelines into appropriate training programs.
    Such training guidelines shall include--
    ``(A) how to identify certain symptoms of pregnancy
    that require immediate referral to a healthcare
    professional;
    ``(B) circumstances under which the exceptions under
    subsection (b) would apply;
    ``(C) in the case that an exception under subsection
    (b) applies, how to apply restraints in a way that does
    not harm the prisoner, the fetus, or the neonate;
    ``(D) the information required to be reported under
    subsection (c); and
    ``(E) the right of a healthcare professional to
    request that restraints not be used, and the requirement
    under subsection (b)(3)(B) to comply with such a
    request.
    ``(2) Development of guidelines.--
    <> In developing the guidelines required by
    paragraph (1), the Directors shall each consult with healthcare
    professionals with expertise in caring for women during the
    period of pregnancy and postpartum recovery.

    ``(g) Definitions.--For purposes of this section:
    ``(1) Postpartum recovery.--The term `postpartum recovery'
    means the 12-week period, or longer as determined by the
    healthcare professional responsible for the health and safety of
    the prisoner, following delivery, and shall include the entire
    period that the prisoner is in the hospital or infirmary.
    ``(2) Prisoner.--The term `prisoner' means a person who has
    been sentenced to a term of imprisonment pursuant to a
    conviction for a Federal criminal offense, or a person in the
    custody of the Bureau of Prisons, including a person in a Bureau
    of Prisons contracted facility.
    ``(3) Restraints.--The term `restraints' means any physical
    or mechanical device used to control the movement of a
    prisoner's body, limbs, or both.''.

    [[Page 5220]]

    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 317 of
    title 18, United States Code, <>  is amended
    by adding after the item relating to section 4321 the following:

    ``4322. Use of restraints on prisoners during the period of pregnancy,
    labor, and postpartum recovery prohibited.''.

    TITLE IV--SENTENCING REFORM

    SEC. 401. REDUCE AND RESTRICT ENHANCED SENTENCING FOR PRIOR DRUG
    FELONIES.

    (a) Controlled Substances Act Amendments.--The Controlled Substances
    Act (21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.) is amended--
    (1) <>  in section 102 (21 U.S.C. 802),
    by adding at the end the following:
    ``(57) The term `serious drug felony' means an offense
    described in section 924(e)(2) of title 18, United States Code,
    for which--
    ``(A) the offender served a term of imprisonment of
    more than 12 months; and
    ``(B) the offender's release from any term of
    imprisonment was within 15 years of the commencement of
    the instant offense.
    ``(58) The term `serious violent felony' means--
    ``(A) an offense described in section 3559(c)(2) of
    title 18, United States Code, for which the offender
    served a term of imprisonment of more than 12 months;
    and
    ``(B) any offense that would be a felony violation
    of section 113 of title 18, United States Code, if the
    offense were committed in the special maritime and
    territorial jurisdiction of the United States, for which
    the offender served a term of imprisonment of more than
    12 months.''; and
    (2) in section 401(b)(1) (21 U.S.C. 841(b)(1))--
    (A) in subparagraph (A), in the matter following
    clause (viii)--
    (i) by striking ``If any person commits such a
    violation after a prior conviction for a felony
    drug offense has become final, such person shall
    be sentenced to a term of imprisonment which may
    not be less than 20 years'' and inserting the
    following: ``If any person commits such a
    violation after a prior conviction for a serious
    drug felony or serious violent felony has become
    final, such person shall be sentenced to a term of
    imprisonment of not less than 15 years''; and
    (ii) by striking ``after two or more prior
    convictions for a felony drug offense have become
    final, such person shall be sentenced to a
    mandatory term of life imprisonment without
    release'' and inserting the following: ``after 2
    or more prior convictions for a serious drug
    felony or serious violent felony have become
    final, such person shall be sentenced to a term of
    imprisonment of not less than 25 years''; and
    (B) in subparagraph (B), in the matter following
    clause (viii), by striking ``If any person commits such
    a violation after a prior conviction for a felony drug
    offense has become final'' and inserting the following:
    ``If any person commits

    [[Page 5221]]

    such a violation after a prior conviction for a serious
    drug felony or serious violent felony has become
    final''.

    (b) Controlled Substances Import and Export Act Amendments.--Section
    1010(b) of the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C.
    960(b)) is amended--
    (1) in paragraph (1), in the matter following subparagraph
    (H), by striking ``If any person commits such a violation after
    a prior conviction for a felony drug offense has become final,
    such person shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not
    less than 20 years'' and inserting ``If any person commits such
    a violation after a prior conviction for a serious drug felony
    or serious violent felony has become final, such person shall be
    sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not less than 15 years'';
    and
    (2) in paragraph (2), in the matter following subparagraph
    (H), by striking ``felony drug offense'' and inserting ``serious
    drug felony or serious violent felony''.

    (c) Applicability to Pending Cases.-- <> This section, and the amendments made by this section, shall
    apply to any offense that was committed before the date of enactment of
    this Act, if a sentence for the offense has not been imposed as of such
    date of enactment.
    SEC. 402. BROADENING OF EXISTING SAFETY VALVE.

    (a) Amendments.--Section 3553 of title 18, United States Code, is
    amended--
    (1) in subsection (f)--
    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
    (i) by striking ``or section 1010'' and
    inserting ``, section 1010''; and
    (ii) by inserting ``, or section 70503 or
    70506 of title 46'' after ``963)'';
    (B) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the
    following:
    ``(1) the defendant does not have--
    ``(A) more than 4 criminal history points, excluding
    any criminal history points resulting from a 1-point
    offense, as determined under the sentencing guidelines;
    ``(B) a prior 3-point offense, as determined under
    the sentencing guidelines; and
    ``(C) a prior 2-point violent offense, as determined
    under the sentencing guidelines;''; and
    (C) by adding at the end the following:

    ``Information disclosed by a defendant under this subsection may not be
    used to enhance the sentence of the defendant unless the information
    relates to a violent offense.''; and
    (2) by adding at the end the following:

    ``(g) Definition of Violent Offense.--As used in this section, the
    term `violent offense' means a crime of violence, as defined in section
    16, that is punishable by imprisonment.''.
    (b) Applicability.-- <> The amendments made
    by this section shall apply only to a conviction entered on or after the
    date of enactment of this Act.
    SEC. 403. CLARIFICATION OF SECTION 924(c) OF TITLE 18, UNITED
    STATES CODE.

    (a) In General.--Section 924(c)(1)(C) of title 18, United States
    Code, is amended, in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking
    ``second or subsequent conviction under this subsection'' and

    [[Page 5222]]

    inserting ``violation of this subsection that occurs after a prior
    conviction under this subsection has become final''.
    (b) Applicability to Pending Cases.-- <> This section, and the amendments made by this section, shall
    apply to any offense that was committed before the date of enactment of
    this Act, if a sentence for the offense has not been imposed as of such
    date of enactment.
    SEC. 404. <>  APPLICATION OF FAIR
    SENTENCING ACT.

    (a) Definition of Covered Offense.--In this section, the term
    ``covered offense'' means a violation of a Federal criminal statute, the
    statutory penalties for which were modified by section 2 or 3 of the
    Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-220; 124 Stat. 2372), that
    was committed before August 3, 2010.
    (b) Defendants Previously Sentenced.--A court that imposed a
    sentence for a covered offense may, on motion of the defendant, the
    Director of the Bureau of Prisons, the attorney for the Government, or
    the court, impose a reduced sentence as if sections 2 and 3 of the Fair
    Sentencing Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-220; 124 Stat. 2372) were in
    effect at the time the covered offense was committed.
    (c) Limitations.--No court shall entertain a motion made under this
    section to reduce a sentence if the sentence was previously imposed or
    previously reduced in accordance with the amendments made by sections 2
    and 3 of the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-220; 124 Stat.
    2372) or if a previous motion made under this section to reduce the
    sentence was, after the date of enactment of this Act, denied after a
    complete review of the motion on the merits. Nothing in this section
    shall be construed to require a court to reduce any sentence pursuant to
    this section.

    TITLE V-- <> SECOND
    CHANCE ACT OF 2007 REAUTHORIZATION
    SEC. 501. <>  SHORT TITLE.

    This title may be cited as the ``Second Chance Reauthorization Act
    of 2018''.
    SEC. 502. IMPROVEMENTS TO EXISTING PROGRAMS.

    (a) Reauthorization of Adult and Juvenile Offender State and Local
    Demonstration Projects.--Section 2976 of title I of the Omnibus Crime
    Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10631) is amended--
    (1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:

    ``(a) Grant Authorization.--The Attorney General shall make grants
    to States, local governments, territories, or Indian tribes, or any
    combination thereof (in this section referred to as an `eligible
    entity'), in partnership with interested persons (including Federal
    corrections and supervision agencies), service providers, and nonprofit
    organizations for the purpose of strategic planning and implementation
    of adult and juvenile offender reentry projects.'';
    (2) in subsection (b)--
    (A) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``or reentry
    courts,'' after ``community,'';
    (B) in paragraph (6), by striking ``and'' at the
    end;
    (C) in paragraph (7), by striking the period at the
    end and inserting ``; and''; and

    [[Page 5223]]

    (D) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(8) promoting employment opportunities consistent with the
    Transitional Jobs strategy (as defined in section 4 of the
    Second Chance Act of 2007 (34 U.S.C. 60502)).''; and
    (3) by striking subsections (d), (e), and (f) and inserting
    the following:

    ``(d) Combined Grant Application; Priority Consideration.--
    ``(1) In general.-- <> The Attorney
    General shall develop a procedure to allow applicants to submit
    a single application for a planning grant under subsection (e)
    and an implementation grant under subsection (f).
    ``(2) Priority consideration.--The Attorney General shall
    give priority consideration to grant applications under
    subsections (e) and (f) that include a commitment by the
    applicant to partner with a local evaluator to identify and
    analyze data that will--
    ``(A) enable the grantee to target the intended
    offender population; and
    ``(B) serve as a baseline for purposes of the
    evaluation.

    ``(e) Planning Grants.--
    ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (3), the
    Attorney General may make a grant to an eligible entity of not
    more than $75,000 to develop a strategic, collaborative plan for
    an adult or juvenile offender reentry demonstration project as
    described in subsection (h) that includes--
    ``(A) a budget and a budget justification;
    ``(B) a description of the outcome measures that
    will be used to measure the effectiveness of the program
    in promoting public safety and public health;
    ``(C) the activities proposed;
    ``(D) a schedule for completion of the activities
    described in subparagraph (C); and
    ``(E) a description of the personnel necessary to
    complete the activities described in subparagraph (C).
    ``(2) Maximum total grants and geographic diversity.--
    ``(A) Maximum amount.--The Attorney General may not
    make initial planning grants and implementation grants
    to 1 eligible entity in a total amount that is more than
    a $1,000,000.
    ``(B) Geographic diversity.--The Attorney General
    shall make every effort to ensure equitable geographic
    distribution of grants under this section and take into
    consideration the needs of underserved populations,
    including rural and tribal communities.
    ``(3) Period of grant.--A planning grant made under this
    subsection shall be for a period of not longer than 1 year,
    beginning on the first day of the month in which the planning
    grant is made.

    ``(f) Implementation Grants.--
    ``(1) Applications.--An eligible entity desiring an
    implementation grant under this subsection shall submit to the
    Attorney General an application that--
    ``(A) contains a reentry strategic plan as described
    in subsection (h), which describes the long-term
    strategy and incorporates a detailed implementation
    schedule, including

    [[Page 5224]]

    the plans of the applicant to fund the program after
    Federal funding is discontinued;
    ``(B) identifies the local government role and the
    role of governmental agencies and nonprofit
    organizations that will be coordinated by, and that will
    collaborate on, the offender reentry strategy of the
    applicant, and certifies the involvement of such
    agencies and organizations;
    ``(C) describes the evidence-based methodology and
    outcome measures that will be used to evaluate the
    program funded with a grant under this subsection, and
    specifically explains how such measurements will provide
    valid measures of the impact of that program; and
    ``(D) describes how the project could be broadly
    replicated if demonstrated to be effective.
    ``(2) Requirements.--The Attorney General may make a grant
    to an applicant under this subsection only if the application--
    ``(A) reflects explicit support of the chief
    executive officer, or their designee, of the State, unit
    of local government, territory, or Indian tribe applying
    for a grant under this subsection;
    ``(B) provides discussion of the role of Federal
    corrections, State corrections departments, community
    corrections agencies, juvenile justice systems, and
    tribal or local jail systems in ensuring successful
    reentry of offenders into their communities;
    ``(C) provides evidence of collaboration with State,
    local, or tribal government agencies overseeing health,
    housing, child welfare, education, substance abuse,
    victims services, and employment services, and with
    local law enforcement agencies;
    ``(D) <>  provides a plan for analysis
    of the statutory, regulatory, rules-based, and practice-
    based hurdles to reintegration of offenders into the
    community;
    ``(E) includes the use of a State, local,
    territorial, or tribal task force, described in
    subsection (i), to carry out the activities funded under
    the grant;
    ``(F) <>  provides a plan for continued
    collaboration with a local evaluator as necessary to
    meeting the requirements under subsection (h); and
    ``(G) demonstrates that the applicant participated
    in the planning grant process or engaged in comparable
    planning for the reentry project.
    ``(3) Priority considerations.--The Attorney General shall
    give priority to grant applications under this subsection that
    best--
    ``(A) focus initiative on geographic areas with a
    disproportionate population of offenders released from
    prisons, jails, and juvenile facilities;
    ``(B) include--
    ``(i) input from nonprofit organizations, in
    any case where relevant input is available and
    appropriate to the grant application;
    ``(ii) <>  consultation
    with crime victims and offenders who are released
    from prisons, jails, and juvenile facilities;
    ``(iii) <>  coordination
    with families of offenders;

    [[Page 5225]]

    ``(iv) input, where appropriate, from the
    juvenile justice coordinating council of the
    region;
    ``(v) input, where appropriate, from the
    reentry coordinating council of the region; or
    ``(vi) input, where appropriate, from other
    interested persons;
    ``(C) demonstrate effective case assessment and
    management abilities in order to provide comprehensive
    and continuous reentry, including--
    ``(i) planning for prerelease transitional
    housing and community release that begins upon
    admission for juveniles and jail inmates, and, as
    appropriate, for prison inmates, depending on the
    length of the sentence;
    ``(ii) establishing prerelease planning
    procedures to ensure that the eligibility of an
    offender for Federal, tribal, or State benefits
    upon release is established prior to release,
    subject to any limitations in law, and to ensure
    that offenders obtain all necessary referrals for
    reentry services, including assistance identifying
    and securing suitable housing; or
    ``(iii) delivery of continuous and appropriate
    mental health services, drug treatment, medical
    care, job training and placement, educational
    services, vocational services, and any other
    service or support needed for reentry;
    ``(D) <>  review the process by
    which the applicant adjudicates violations of parole,
    probation, or supervision following release from prison,
    jail, or a juvenile facility, taking into account public
    safety and the use of graduated, community-based
    sanctions for minor and technical violations of parole,
    probation, or supervision (specifically those violations
    that are not otherwise, and independently, a violation
    of law);
    ``(E) <>  provide for an
    independent evaluation of reentry programs that include,
    to the maximum extent possible, random assignment and
    controlled studies to determine the effectiveness of
    such programs;
    ``(F) target moderate and high-risk offenders for
    reentry programs through validated assessment tools; or
    ``(G) target offenders with histories of
    homelessness, substance abuse, or mental illness,
    including a prerelease assessment of the housing status
    of the offender and behavioral health needs of the
    offender with clear coordination with mental health,
    substance abuse, and homelessness services systems to
    achieve stable and permanent housing outcomes with
    appropriate support service.
    ``(4) <>  Period of grant.--A grant
    made under this subsection shall be effective for a 2-year
    period--
    ``(A) beginning on the date on which the planning
    grant awarded under subsection (e) concludes; or
    ``(B) in the case of an implementation grant awarded
    to an eligible entity that did not receive a planning
    grant, beginning on the date on which the implementation
    grant is awarded.'';
    (4) in subsection (h)--

    [[Page 5226]]

    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as
    paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively; and
    (B) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the
    following:
    ``(1) In general.-- <> As a condition
    of receiving financial assistance under subsection (f), each
    application shall develop a comprehensive reentry strategic plan
    that--
    ``(A) <>  contains a plan to
    assess inmate reentry needs and measurable annual and 3-
    year performance outcomes;
    ``(B) uses, to the maximum extent possible, randomly
    assigned and controlled studies, or rigorous quasi-
    experimental studies with matched comparison groups, to
    determine the effectiveness of the program funded with a
    grant under subsection (f); and
    ``(C) includes as a goal of the plan to reduce the
    rate of recidivism for offenders released from prison,
    jail or a juvenile facility with funds made available
    under subsection (f).
    ``(2) Local evaluator.-- <> A partnership with a local evaluator described in
    subsection (d)(2) shall require the local evaluator to use the
    baseline data and target population characteristics developed
    under a subsection (e) planning grant to derive a target goal
    for recidivism reduction during the 3-year period beginning on
    the date of implementation of the program.'';
    (5) in subsection (i)(1)--
    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
    striking ``under this section'' and inserting ``under
    subsection (f)''; and
    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``subsection
    (e)(4)'' and inserting ``subsection (f)(2)(D)'';
    (6) in subsection (j)--
    (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``for an
    implementation grant under subsection (f)'' after
    ``applicant'';
    (B) in paragraph (2)--
    (i) in subparagraph (E), by inserting ``,
    where appropriate'' after ``support''; and
    (ii) by striking subparagraphs (F), (G), and
    (H), and inserting the following:
    ``(F) increased number of staff trained to
    administer reentry services;
    ``(G) increased proportion of individuals served by
    the program among those eligible to receive services;
    ``(H) increased number of individuals receiving risk
    screening needs assessment, and case planning services;
    ``(I) increased enrollment in, and completion of
    treatment services, including substance abuse and mental
    health services among those assessed as needing such
    services;
    ``(J) increased enrollment in and degrees earned
    from educational programs, including high school, GED,
    vocational training, and college education;
    ``(K) increased number of individuals obtaining and
    retaining employment;
    ``(L) increased number of individuals obtaining and
    maintaining housing;

    [[Page 5227]]

    ``(M) increased self-reports of successful community
    living, including stability of living situation and
    positive family relationships;
    ``(N) reduction in drug and alcohol use; and
    ``(O) reduction in recidivism rates for individuals
    receiving reentry services after release, as compared to
    either baseline recidivism rates in the jurisdiction of
    the grantee or recidivism rates of the control or
    comparison group.'';
    (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``facilities.''
    and inserting ``facilities, including a cost-benefit
    analysis to determine the cost effectiveness of the
    reentry program.'';
    (D) in paragraph (4), by striking ``this section''
    and inserting ``subsection (f)''; and
    (E) in paragraph (5), by striking ``this section''
    and inserting ``subsection (f)'';
    (7) in subsection (k)(1), by striking ``this section'' each
    place the term appears and inserting ``subsection (f)'';
    (8) in subsection (l)--
    (A) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``beginning on
    the date on which the most recent implementation grant
    is made to the grantee under subsection (f)'' after ``2-
    year period''; and
    (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``over a 2-year
    period'' and inserting ``during the 2-year period
    described in paragraph (2)'';
    (9) in subsection (o)(1), by striking ``appropriated'' and
    all that follows and inserting the following: ``appropriated
    $35,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023.''; and
    (10) by adding at the end the following:

    ``(p) Definition.--In this section, the term `reentry court' means a
    program that--
    ``(1) monitors juvenile and adult eligible offenders
    reentering the community;
    ``(2) provides continual judicial supervision;
    ``(3) provides juvenile and adult eligible offenders
    reentering the community with coordinated and comprehensive
    reentry services and programs, such as--
    ``(A) drug and alcohol testing and assessment for
    treatment;
    ``(B) assessment for substance abuse from a
    substance abuse professional who is approved by the
    State or Indian tribe and licensed by the appropriate
    entity to provide alcohol and drug addiction treatment,
    as appropriate;
    ``(C) substance abuse treatment, including
    medication-assisted treatment, from a provider that is
    approved by the State or Indian tribe, and licensed, if
    necessary, to provide medical and other health services;
    ``(D) health (including mental health) services and
    assessment;
    ``(E) aftercare and case management services that--
    ``(i) facilitate access to clinical care and
    related health services; and
    ``(ii) coordinate with such clinical care and
    related health services; and
    ``(F) any other services needed for reentry;

    [[Page 5228]]

    ``(4) convenes community impact panels, victim impact
    panels, or victim impact educational classes;
    ``(5) provides and coordinates the delivery of community
    services to juvenile and adult eligible offenders, including--
    ``(A) housing assistance;
    ``(B) education;
    ``(C) job training;
    ``(D) conflict resolution skills training;
    ``(E) batterer intervention programs; and
    ``(F) other appropriate social services; and
    ``(6) establishes and implements graduated sanctions and
    incentives.''.

    (b) Grants for Family-Based Substance Abuse Treatment.--Part DD of
    title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34
    U.S.C. 10591 et seq.) is amended--
    (1) in section 2921 (34 U.S.C. 10591), in the matter
    preceding paragraph (1), by inserting ``nonprofit
    organizations,'' before ``and Indian'';
    (2) in section 2923 (34 U.S.C. 10593), by adding at the end
    the following:

    ``(c) Priority Considerations.--The Attorney General shall give
    priority consideration to grant applications for grants under section
    2921 that are submitted by a nonprofit organization that demonstrates a
    relationship with State and local criminal justice agencies, including--
    ``(1) within the judiciary and prosecutorial agencies; or
    ``(2) with the local corrections agencies, which shall be
    documented by a written agreement that details the terms of
    access to facilities and participants and provides information
    on the history of the organization of working with correctional
    populations.''; and
    (3) by striking section 2926(a) <>
    and inserting the following:

    ``(a) In General.--There are authorized to be appropriated to carry
    out this part $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023.''.
    (c) Grant Program To Evaluate and Improve Educational Methods at
    Prisons, Jails, and Juvenile Facilities.--Title I of the Omnibus Crime
    Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3711 et seq.) is
    amended--
    (1) by striking the second part designated as part JJ, as
    added by the Second Chance Act of 2007 (Public Law 110-199; 122
    Stat. 677), <>  relating to grants to
    evaluate and improve educational methods at prisons, jails, and
    juvenile facilities;
    (2) by adding at the end the following:

    ``PART NN--GRANT PROGRAM TO EVALUATE AND IMPROVE EDUCATIONAL METHODS AT
    PRISONS, JAILS, AND JUVENILE FACILITIES

    ``SEC. 3041. <>  GRANT PROGRAM TO
    EVALUATE AND IMPROVE EDUCATIONAL METHODS
    AT PRISONS, JAILS, AND JUVENILE
    FACILITIES.

    ``(a) Grant Program Authorized.--The Attorney General may carry out
    a grant program under which the Attorney General may make grants to
    States, units of local government, territories, Indian Tribes, and other
    public and private entities to--

    [[Page 5229]]

    ``(1) <>  evaluate methods to improve
    academic and vocational education for offenders in prisons,
    jails, and juvenile facilities;
    ``(2) <>  identify, and make
    recommendations to the Attorney General regarding, best
    practices relating to academic and vocational education for
    offenders in prisons, jails, and juvenile facilities, based on
    the evaluation under paragraph (1);
    ``(3) improve the academic and vocational education programs
    (including technology career training) available to offenders in
    prisons, jails, and juvenile facilities; and
    ``(4) implement methods to improve academic and vocational
    education for offenders in prisons, jails, and juvenile
    facilities consistent with the best practices identified in
    subsection (c).

    ``(b) Application.--To be eligible for a grant under this part, a
    State or other entity described in subsection (a) shall submit to the
    Attorney General an application in such form and manner, at such time,
    and accompanied by such information as the Attorney General specifies.
    ``(c) Best Practices.-- <> Not later
    than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Second Chance
    Reauthorization Act of 2018, the Attorney General shall identify and
    publish best practices relating to academic and vocational education for
    offenders in prisons, jails, and juvenile facilities. The best practices
    shall consider the evaluations performed and recommendations made under
    grants made under subsection (a) before the date of enactment of the
    Second Chance Reauthorization Act of 2018.

    ``(d) <>  Report.--Not later than 90 days after
    the last day of the final fiscal year of a grant under this part, each
    entity described in subsection (a) receiving such a grant shall submit
    to the Attorney General a detailed report of the progress made by the
    entity using such grant, to permit the Attorney General to evaluate and
    improve academic and vocational education methods carried out with
    grants under this part.''; and
    (3) in section 1001(a) of part J of title I of the Omnibus
    Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10261(a)),
    by adding at the end the following:
    ``(28) <>  There are
    authorized to be appropriated to carry out section 3031(a)(4) of
    part NN $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019, 2020, 2021,
    2022, and 2023.''.

    (d) Careers Training Demonstration Grants.--Section 115 of the
    Second Chance Act of 2007 (34 U.S.C. 60511) is amended--
    (1) in the heading, by striking ``technology careers'' and
    inserting ``careers'';
    (2) in subsection (a)--
    (A) by striking ``and Indian'' and inserting
    ``nonprofit organizations, and Indian''; and
    (B) by striking ``technology career training to
    prisoners'' and inserting ``career training, including
    subsidized employment, when part of a training program,
    to prisoners and reentering youth and adults'';
    (3) in subsection (b)--
    (A) by striking ``technology careers training'';
    (B) by striking ``technology-based''; and
    (C) by inserting ``, as well as upon transition and
    reentry into the community'' after ``facility'';
    (4) by striking subsection (e);

    [[Page 5230]]

    (5) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections
    (d) and (e), respectively;
    (6) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:

    ``(c) Priority Consideration.--Priority consideration shall be given
    to any application under this section that--
    ``(1) <>  provides assessment of local
    demand for employees in the geographic areas to which offenders
    are likely to return;
    ``(2) conducts individualized reentry career planning upon
    the start of incarceration or post-release employment planning
    for each offender served under the grant;
    ``(3) demonstrates connections to employers within the local
    community; or
    ``(4) tracks and monitors employment outcomes.''; and
    (7) by adding at the end the following:

    ``(f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
    appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal
    years 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023.''.
    (e) Offender Reentry Substance Abuse and Criminal Justice
    Collaboration Program.--Section 201(f)(1) of the Second Chance Act of
    2007 (34 U.S.C. 60521(f)(1)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(1) <>  In general.--
    There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this
    section $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through
    2023.''.

    (f) Community-Based Mentoring and Transitional Service Grants to
    Nonprofit Organizations.--
    (1) In general.--Section 211 of the Second Chance Act of
    2007 (34 U.S.C. 60531) is amended--
    (A) in the header, by striking ``mentoring grants to
    nonprofit organizations'' and inserting ``community-
    based mentoring and transitional service grants to
    nonprofit organizations'';
    (B) in subsection (a), by striking ``mentoring and
    other'';
    (C) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (2) and
    inserting the following:
    ``(2) transitional services to assist in the reintegration
    of offenders into the community, including--
    ``(A) educational, literacy, and vocational,
    services and the Transitional Jobs strategy;
    ``(B) substance abuse treatment and services;
    ``(C) coordinated supervision and services for
    offenders, including physical health care and
    comprehensive housing and mental health care;
    ``(D) family services; and
    ``(E) validated assessment tools to assess the risk
    factors of returning inmates; and''; and
    (D) in subsection (f), by striking ``this section''
    and all that follows and inserting the following: ``this
    section $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019
    through 2023.''.
    (2) Table of contents amendment.--The table of contents in
    section 2 of the Second Chance Act of 2007 (Public Law 110-199;
    122 Stat. 657) is amended by striking the item relating to
    section 211 and inserting the following:

    ``Sec. 211. Community-based mentoring and transitional service
    grants.''.

    (g) Definitions.--

    [[Page 5231]]

    (1) In general.--Section 4 of the Second Chance Act of 2007
    (34 U.S.C. 60502) is amended to read as follows:
    ``SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS.

    ``In this Act--
    ``(1) the term `exoneree' means an individual who--
    ``(A) has been convicted of a Federal, tribal, or
    State offense that is punishable by a term of
    imprisonment of more than 1 year;
    ``(B) has served a term of imprisonment for not less
    than 6 months in a Federal, tribal, or State prison or
    correctional facility as a result of the conviction
    described in subparagraph (A); and
    ``(C) has been determined to be factually innocent
    of the offense described in subparagraph (A);
    ``(2) the term `Indian tribe' has the meaning given in
    section 901 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe
    Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10251);
    ``(3) the term `offender' includes an exoneree; and
    ``(4) the term `Transitional Jobs strategy' means an
    employment strategy for youth and adults who are chronically
    unemployed or those that have barriers to employment that--
    ``(A) is conducted by State, tribal, and local
    governments, State, tribal, and local workforce boards,
    and nonprofit organizations;
    ``(B) provides time-limited employment using
    individual placements, team placements, and social
    enterprise placements, without displacing existing
    employees;
    ``(C) pays wages in accordance with applicable law,
    but in no event less than the higher of the rate
    specified in section 6(a)(1) of the Fair Labor Standards
    Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 206(a)(1)) or the applicable
    State or local minimum wage law, which are subsidized,
    in whole or in part, by public funds;
    ``(D) combines time-limited employment with
    activities that promote skill development, remove
    barriers to employment, and lead to unsubsidized
    employment such as a thorough orientation and individual
    assessment, job readiness and life skills training, case
    management and supportive services, adult education and
    training, child support-related services, job retention
    support and incentives, and other similar activities;
    ``(E) places participants into unsubsidized
    employment; and
    ``(F) provides job retention, re-employment
    services, and continuing and vocational education to
    ensure continuing participation in unsubsidized
    employment and identification of opportunities for
    advancement.''.
    (2) Table of contents amendment.--The table of contents in
    section 2 of the Second Chance Act of 2007 (Public Law 110-199;
    122 Stat. 657) is amended by striking the item relating to
    section 4 and inserting the following:

    ``Sec. 4. Definitions.''.

    (h) Extension of the Length of Section 2976 Grants.--Section 6(1) of
    the Second Chance Act of 2007 (34 U.S.C. 60504(1)) is amended by
    inserting ``or under section 2976 of the Omnibus

    [[Page 5232]]

    Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10631)'' after
    ``and 212''.
    SEC. 503. <>  AUDIT AND ACCOUNTABILITY OF
    GRANTEES.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section--
    (1) the term ``covered grant program'' means grants awarded
    under section 115, 201, or 211 of the Second Chance Act of 2007
    (34 U.S.C. 60511, 60521, and 60531), as amended by this title;
    (2) the term ``covered grantee'' means a recipient of a
    grant from a covered grant program;
    (3) the term ``nonprofit'', when used with respect to an
    organization, means an organization that is described in section
    501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and is exempt
    from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code; and
    (4) the term ``unresolved audit finding'' means an audit
    report finding in a final audit report of the Inspector General
    of the Department of Justice that a covered grantee has used
    grant funds awarded to that grantee under a covered grant
    program for an unauthorized expenditure or otherwise unallowable
    cost that is not closed or resolved during a 12-month period
    prior to the date on which the final audit report is issued.

    (b) Audit Requirement.-- <> Beginning in
    fiscal year 2019, and annually thereafter, the Inspector General of the
    Department of Justice shall conduct audits of covered grantees to
    prevent waste, fraud, and abuse of funds awarded under covered grant
    programs. The <>  Inspector General shall
    determine the appropriate number of covered grantees to be audited each
    year.

    (c) Mandatory Exclusion.--A grantee that is found to have an
    unresolved audit finding under an audit conducted under subsection (b)
    may not receive grant funds under a covered grant program in the fiscal
    year following the fiscal year to which the finding relates.
    (d) <>  Reimbursement.--If a covered grantee is
    awarded funds under the covered grant program from which it received a
    grant award during the 1-fiscal-year period during which the covered
    grantee is ineligible for an allocation of grant funds under subsection
    (c), the Attorney General shall--
    (1) deposit into the General Fund of the Treasury an amount
    that is equal to the amount of the grant funds that were
    improperly awarded to the covered grantee; and
    (2) seek to recoup the costs of the repayment to the Fund
    from the covered grantee that was improperly awarded the grant
    funds.

    (e) <>  Priority of Grant Awards.--The Attorney
    General, in awarding grants under a covered grant program shall give
    priority to eligible entities that during the 2-year period preceding
    the application for a grant have not been found to have an unresolved
    audit finding.

    (f) Nonprofit Requirements.--
    (1) Prohibition.--A nonprofit organization that holds money
    in offshore accounts for the purpose of avoiding the tax
    described in section 511(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of
    1986, shall not be eligible to receive, directly or indirectly,
    any funds from a covered grant program.

    [[Page 5233]]

    (2) Disclosure.--Each nonprofit organization that is a
    covered grantee shall disclose in its application for such a
    grant, as a condition of receipt of such a grant, the
    compensation of its officers, directors, and trustees. Such
    disclosure shall include a description of the criteria relied on
    to determine such compensation.

    (g) Prohibition on Lobbying Activity.--
    (1) In general.--Amounts made available under a covered
    grant program may not be used by any covered grantee to--
    (A) lobby any representative of the Department of
    Justice regarding the award of grant funding; or
    (B) lobby any representative of the Federal
    Government or a State, local, or tribal government
    regarding the award of grant funding.
    (2) Penalty.-- <> If the Attorney
    General determines that a covered grantee has violated paragraph
    (1), the Attorney General shall--
    (A) require the covered grantee to repay the grant
    in full; and
    (B) <>  prohibit
    the covered grantee from receiving a grant under the
    covered grant program from which it received a grant
    award during at least the 5-year period beginning on the
    date of such violation.
    SEC. 504. FEDERAL REENTRY IMPROVEMENTS.

    (a) <>  Responsible Reintegration of Offenders.--
    Section 212 of the Second Chance Act of 2007 (34 U.S.C. 60532) is
    repealed.

    (b) Federal Prisoner Reentry Initiative.--Section 231 of the Second
    Chance Act of 2007 (434 U.S.C. 60541) is amended--
    (1) in subsection (g)--
    (A) in paragraph (3), by striking ``carried out
    during fiscal years 2009 and 2010'' and inserting
    ``carried out during fiscal years 2019 through 2023'';
    and
    (B) in paragraph (5)(A)(ii), by striking ``the
    greater of 10 years or'';
    (2) by striking subsection (h);
    (3) by redesignating subsection (i) as subsection (h); and
    (4) in subsection (h), as so redesignated, by striking
    ``2009 and 2010'' and inserting ``2019 through 2023''.

    (c) Enhancing Reporting Requirements Pertaining to Community
    Corrections.--Section 3624(c) of title 18, United States Code, is
    amended--
    (1) in paragraph (5), in the second sentence, by inserting
    ``, and number of prisoners not being placed in community
    corrections facilities for each reason set forth'' before ``,
    and any other information''; and
    (2) in paragraph (6), by striking ``the Second Chance Act of
    2007'' and inserting ``the Second Chance Reauthorization Act of
    2018''.

    (d) <>  Termination of Study on Effectiveness of
    Depot Naltrexone for Heroin Addiction.--Section 244 of the Second Chance
    Act of 2007 (34 U.S.C. 60554) is repealed.

    (e) Authorization of Appropriations for Research.--Section 245 of
    the Second Chance Act of 2007 (34 U.S.C. 60555) is amended--
    (1) by striking ``243, and 244'' and inserting ``and 243'';
    and

    [[Page 5234]]

    (2) by striking ``$10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years
    2009 and 2010'' and inserting ``$5,000,000 for each of the
    fiscal years 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023''.

    (f) Federal Prisoner Recidivism Reduction Programming Enhancement.--
    (1) In general.--Section 3621 of title 18, United States
    Code, as amended by section 102(a) of this Act, is amended--
    (A) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection
    (i); and
    (B) by inserting after subsection (f) the following:

    ``(g) Partnerships To Expand Access to Reentry Programs Proven To
    Reduce Recidivism.--
    ``(1) Definition.--The term `demonstrated to reduce
    recidivism' means that the Director of Bureau of Prisons has
    determined that appropriate research has been conducted and has
    validated the effectiveness of the type of program on
    recidivism.
    ``(2) Eligibility for recidivism reduction partnership.--A
    faith-based or community-based nonprofit organization that
    provides mentoring or other programs that have been demonstrated
    to reduce recidivism is eligible to enter into a recidivism
    reduction partnership with a prison or community-based facility
    operated by the Bureau of Prisons.
    ``(3) Recidivism reduction partnerships.--
    <> The Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall
    develop policies to require wardens of prisons and community-
    based facilities to enter into recidivism reduction partnerships
    with faith-based and community-based nonprofit organizations
    that are willing to provide, on a volunteer basis, programs
    described in paragraph (2).
    ``(4) Reporting requirement.--The Director of the Bureau of
    Prisons shall submit to Congress an annual report on the last
    day of each fiscal year that--
    ``(A) details, for each prison and community-based
    facility for the fiscal year just ended--
    ``(i) the number of recidivism reduction
    partnerships under this section that were in
    effect;
    ``(ii) the number of volunteers that provided
    recidivism reduction programming; and
    ``(iii) the number of recidivism reduction
    programming hours provided; and
    ``(B) explains any disparities between facilities in
    the numbers reported under subparagraph (A).''.
    (2) Effective date.-- <> The
    amendments made by paragraph (1) shall take effect 180 days
    after the date of enactment of this Act.

    (g) Repeals.--
    (1) Section 2978 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and
    Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10633) is repealed.
    (2) Part CC of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe
    Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10581 et seq.) is repealed.
    SEC. 505. <>  FEDERAL
    INTERAGENCY REENTRY COORDINATION.

    (a) Reentry Coordination.--The Attorney General, in consultation
    with the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, the Secretary of
    Labor, the Secretary of Education, the Secretary of Health and Human
    Services, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, the Secretary of
    Agriculture, and the heads of such other agencies

    [[Page 5235]]

    of the Federal Government as the Attorney General considers appropriate,
    and in collaboration with interested persons, service providers,
    nonprofit organizations, and State, tribal, and local governments, shall
    coordinate on Federal programs, policies, and activities relating to the
    reentry of individuals returning from incarceration to the community,
    with an emphasis on evidence-based practices and protection against
    duplication of services.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment
    of this Act, the Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretaries
    listed in subsection (a), shall submit to Congress a report summarizing
    the achievements under subsection (a), and including recommendations for
    Congress that would further reduce barriers to successful reentry.
    SEC. 506. CONFERENCE EXPENDITURES.

    (a) Limitation.--No amounts authorized to be appropriated to the
    Department of Justice under this title, or any amendments made by this
    title, may be used by the Attorney General, or by any individual or
    organization awarded discretionary funds under this title, or any
    amendments made by this title, to host or support any expenditure for
    conferences that uses more than $20,000 in Department funds, unless the
    Deputy Attorney General or such Assistant Attorney Generals, Directors,
    or principal deputies as the Deputy Attorney General may designate,
    provides prior written authorization that the funds may be expended to
    host a conference. A conference that uses more than $20,000 in such
    funds, but less than an average of $500 in such funds for each attendee
    of the conference, shall not be subject to the limitations of this
    section.
    (b) Written Approval.-- <> Written approval under
    subsection (a) shall include a written estimate of all costs associated
    with the conference, including the cost of all food and beverages,
    audiovisual equipment, honoraria for speakers, and any entertainment.

    (c) Report.--The Deputy Attorney General shall submit an annual
    report to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee
    on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives on all approved
    conference expenditures referenced in this section.
    SEC. 507. <>  EVALUATION OF THE SECOND
    CHANCE ACT PROGRAM.

    (a) Evaluation of the Second Chance Act Grant Program.--
    <> Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the National Institute of Justice shall evaluate the
    effectiveness of grants used by the Department of Justice to support
    offender reentry and recidivism reduction programs at the State, local,
    Tribal, and Federal levels. The National Institute of Justice shall
    evaluate the following:
    (1) The effectiveness of such programs in relation to their
    cost, including the extent to which the programs improve reentry
    outcomes, including employment, education, housing, reductions
    in recidivism, of participants in comparison to comparably
    situated individuals who did not participate in such programs
    and activities.
    (2) The effectiveness of program structures and mechanisms
    for delivery of services.
    (3) The impact of such programs on the communities and
    participants involved.
    (4) The impact of such programs on related programs and
    activities.

    [[Page 5236]]

    (5) The extent to which such programs meet the needs of
    various demographic groups.
    (6) The quality and effectiveness of technical assistance
    provided by the Department of Justice to grantees for
    implementing such programs.
    (7) Such other factors as may be appropriate.

    (b) Authorization of Funds for Evaluation.--Not more than 1 percent
    of any amounts authorized to be appropriated to carry out the Second
    Chance Act grant program shall be made available to the National
    Institute of Justice each year to evaluate the processes,
    implementation, outcomes, costs, and effectiveness of the Second Chance
    Act grant program in improving reentry and reducing recidivism. Such
    funding may be used to provide support to grantees for supplemental data
    collection, analysis, and coordination associated with evaluation
    activities.
    (c) Techniques.--Evaluations conducted under this section shall use
    appropriate methodology and research designs. Impact evaluations
    conducted under this section shall include the use of intervention and
    control groups chosen by random assignment methods, to the extent
    possible.
    (d) Metrics and Outcomes for Evaluation.-- <>
    (1) In general.-- <> Not later than 180
    days after the date of enactment of this Act, the National
    Institute of Justice shall consult with relevant stakeholders
    and identify outcome measures, including employment, housing,
    education, and public safety, that are to be achieved by
    programs authorized under the Second Chance Act grant program
    and the metrics by which the achievement of such outcomes shall
    be determined.
    (2) Publication.--Not later than 30 days after the date on
    which the National Institute of Justice identifies metrics and
    outcomes under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall publish
    such metrics and outcomes identified.

    (e) Data Collection.--As a condition of award under the Second
    Chance Act grant program (including a subaward under section 3021(b) of
    title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34
    U.S.C. 10701(b))), grantees shall be required to collect and report to
    the Department of Justice data based upon the metrics identified under
    subsection (d). In accordance with applicable law, collection of
    individual-level data under a pledge of confidentiality shall be
    protected by the National Institute of Justice in accordance with such
    pledge.
    (f) Data Accessibility.-- <> Not later than 5 years
    after the date of enactment of this Act, the National Institute of
    Justice shall--
    (1) make data collected during the course of evaluation
    under this section available in de-identified form in such a
    manner that reasonably protects a pledge of confidentiality to
    participants under subsection (e); and
    (2) make identifiable data collected during the course of
    evaluation under this section available to qualified researchers
    for future research and evaluation, in accordance with
    applicable law.

    (g) Publication and Reporting of Evaluation Findings.--The National
    Institute of Justice shall--
    (1) not later than 365 days after the date on which the
    enrollment of participants in an impact evaluation is completed,
    publish an interim report on such evaluation;

    [[Page 5237]]

    (2) <>  not later than 90 days
    after the date on which any evaluation is completed, publish and
    make publicly available such evaluation; and
    (3) not later than 60 days after the completion date
    described in paragraph (2), submit a report to the Committee on
    the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Committee
    on the Judiciary of the Senate on such evaluation.

    (h) Second Chance Act Grant Program Defined.--In this section, the
    term ``Second Chance Act grant program'' means any grant program
    reauthorized under this title and the amendments made by this title.
    SEC. 508. <>  GAO REVIEW.

    Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of the First Step
    Act of 2018 the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a
    review of all of the grant awards made under this title and amendments
    made by this title that includes--
    (1) an evaluation of the effectiveness of the reentry
    programs funded by grant awards under this title and amendments
    made by this title at reducing recidivism, including a
    determination of which reentry programs were most effective;
    (2) <>  recommendations on how to
    improve the effectiveness of reentry programs, including those
    for which prisoners may earn time credits under the First Step
    Act of 2018; and
    (3) an evaluation of the effectiveness of mental health
    services, drug treatment, medical care, job training and
    placement, educational services, and vocational services
    programs funded under this title and amendments made by this
    title.

    TITLE VI--MISCELLANEOUS CRIMINAL JUSTICE

    SEC. 601. PLACEMENT OF PRISONERS CLOSE TO FAMILIES.

    Section 3621(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
    (1) by striking ``shall designate the place of the
    prisoner's imprisonment.'' and inserting ``shall designate the
    place of the prisoner's imprisonment, and shall, subject to bed
    availability, the prisoner's security designation, the
    prisoner's programmatic needs, the prisoner's mental and medical
    health needs, any request made by the prisoner related to faith-
    based needs, recommendations of the sentencing court, and other
    security concerns of the Bureau of Prisons, place the prisoner
    in a facility as close as practicable to the prisoner's primary
    residence, and to the extent practicable, in a facility within
    500 driving miles of that residence. The Bureau shall, subject
    to consideration of the factors described in the preceding
    sentence and the prisoner's preference for staying at his or her
    current facility or being transferred, transfer prisoners to
    facilities that are closer to the prisoner's primary residence
    even if the prisoner is already in a facility within 500 driving
    miles of that residence.''; and
    (2) by adding at the end the following: ``Notwithstanding
    any other provision of law, a designation of a place of
    imprisonment under this subsection is not reviewable by any
    court.''.

    [[Page 5238]]

    SEC. 602. HOME CONFINEMENT FOR LOW-RISK PRISONERS.

    Section 3624(c)(2) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by
    adding at the end the following: ``The Bureau of Prisons shall, to the
    extent practicable, place prisoners with lower risk levels and lower
    needs on home confinement for the maximum amount of time permitted under
    this paragraph.''.
    SEC. 603. FEDERAL PRISONER REENTRY INITIATIVE REAUTHORIZATION;
    MODIFICATION OF IMPOSED TERM OF
    IMPRISONMENT.

    (a) Federal Prisoner Reentry Initiative Reauthorization.--Section
    231(g) of the Second Chance Act of 2007 (34 U.S.C. 60541(g)) is
    amended--
    (1) in paragraph (1)--
    (A) by inserting ``and eligible terminally ill
    offenders'' after ``elderly offenders'' each place the
    term appears;
    (B) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``a Bureau of
    Prisons facility'' and inserting ``Bureau of Prisons
    facilities'';
    (C) in subparagraph (B)--
    (i) by striking ``the Bureau of Prisons
    facility'' and inserting ``Bureau of Prisons
    facilities''; and
    (ii) by inserting ``, upon written request
    from either the Bureau of Prisons or an eligible
    elderly offender or eligible terminally ill
    offender'' after ``to home detention''; and
    (D) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``the Bureau of
    Prisons facility'' and inserting ``Bureau of Prisons
    facilities'';
    (2) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``or eligible terminally
    ill offender'' after ``elderly offender'';
    (3) in paragraph (3), as amended by section 504(b)(1)(A) of
    this Act, by striking ``at least one Bureau of Prisons
    facility'' and inserting ``Bureau of Prisons facilities''; and
    (4) in paragraph (4)--
    (A) by inserting ``or eligible terminally ill
    offender'' after ``each eligible elderly offender''; and
    (B) by inserting ``and eligible terminally ill
    offenders'' after ``eligible elderly offenders''; and
    (5) in paragraph (5)--
    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
    (i) in clause (i), striking ``65 years of
    age'' and inserting ``60 years of age''; and
    (ii) in clause (ii), as amended by section
    504(b)(1)(B) of this Act, by striking ``75
    percent'' and inserting ``\2/3\''; and
    (B) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(D) <>  Eligible terminally ill
    offender.--The term `eligible terminally ill offender'
    means an offender in the custody of the Bureau of
    Prisons who--
    ``(i) is serving a term of imprisonment based
    on conviction for an offense or offenses that do
    not include any crime of violence (as defined in
    section 16(a) of title 18, United States Code),
    sex offense (as defined in section 111(5) of the
    Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (34
    U.S.C. 20911(5))), offense described in section
    2332b(g)(5)(B) of title 18, United States Code, or
    offense under chapter 37 of title 18, United
    States Code;

    [[Page 5239]]

    ``(ii) satisfies the criteria specified in
    clauses (iii) through (vii) of subparagraph (A);
    and
    ``(iii) has been determined by a medical
    doctor approved by the Bureau of Prisons to be--
    ``(I) in need of care at a nursing
    home, intermediate care facility, or
    assisted living facility, as those terms
    are defined in section 232 of the
    National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1715w);
    or
    ``(II) diagnosed with a terminal
    illness.''.

    (b) Increasing the Use and Transparency of Compassionate Release.--
    Section 3582 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
    (1) <>  in subsection (c)(1)(A), in the
    matter preceding clause (i), by inserting after ``Bureau of
    Prisons,'' the following: ``or upon motion of the defendant
    after the defendant has fully exhausted all administrative
    rights to appeal a failure of the Bureau of Prisons to bring a
    motion on the defendant's behalf or the lapse of 30 days from
    the receipt of such a request by the warden of the defendant's
    facility, whichever is earlier,'';
    (2) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and
    (3) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:

    ``(d) Notification Requirements.--
    ``(1) Terminal illness defined.--In this subsection, the
    term `terminal illness' means a disease or condition with an
    end-of-life trajectory.
    ``(2) Notification.--The Bureau of Prisons shall, subject to
    any applicable confidentiality requirements--
    ``(A) <>  in the case of a
    defendant diagnosed with a terminal illness--
    ``(i) not later than 72 hours after the
    diagnosis notify the defendant's attorney,
    partner, and family members of the defendant's
    condition and inform the defendant's attorney,
    partner, and family members that they may prepare
    and submit on the defendant's behalf a request for
    a sentence reduction pursuant to subsection
    (c)(1)(A);
    ``(ii) not later than 7 days after the date of
    the diagnosis, provide the defendant's partner and
    family members (including extended family) with an
    opportunity to visit the defendant in person;
    ``(iii) upon request from the defendant or his
    attorney, partner, or a family member, ensure that
    Bureau of Prisons employees assist the defendant
    in the preparation, drafting, and submission of a
    request for a sentence reduction pursuant to
    subsection (c)(1)(A); and
    ``(iv) not later than 14 days of receipt of a
    request for a sentence reduction submitted on the
    defendant's behalf by the defendant or the
    defendant's attorney, partner, or family member,
    process the request;
    ``(B) in the case of a defendant who is physically
    or mentally unable to submit a request for a sentence
    reduction pursuant to subsection (c)(1)(A)--
    ``(i) inform the defendant's attorney,
    partner, and family members that they may prepare
    and submit on the defendant's behalf a request for
    a sentence reduction pursuant to subsection
    (c)(1)(A);

    [[Page 5240]]

    ``(ii) accept and process a request for
    sentence reduction that has been prepared and
    submitted on the defendant's behalf by the
    defendant's attorney, partner, or family member
    under clause (i); and
    ``(iii) upon request from the defendant or his
    attorney, partner, or family member, ensure that
    Bureau of Prisons employees assist the defendant
    in the preparation, drafting, and submission of a
    request for a sentence reduction pursuant to
    subsection (c)(1)(A); and
    ``(C) ensure that all Bureau of Prisons facilities
    regularly and visibly post, including in prisoner
    handbooks, staff training materials, and facility law
    libraries and medical and hospice facilities, and make
    available to prisoners upon demand, notice of--
    ``(i) a defendant's ability to request a
    sentence reduction pursuant to subsection
    (c)(1)(A);
    ``(ii) the procedures and timelines for
    initiating and resolving requests described in
    clause (i); and
    ``(iii) the right to appeal a denial of a
    request described in clause (i) after all
    administrative rights to appeal within the Bureau
    of Prisons have been exhausted.
    ``(3) Annual report.--Not later than 1 year after the date
    of enactment of this subsection, and once every year thereafter,
    the Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall submit to the
    Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on
    the Judiciary of the House of Representatives a report on
    requests for sentence reductions pursuant to subsection
    (c)(1)(A), which shall include a description of, for the
    previous year--
    ``(A) the number of prisoners granted and denied
    sentence reductions, categorized by the criteria relied
    on as the grounds for a reduction in sentence;
    ``(B) the number of requests initiated by or on
    behalf of prisoners, categorized by the criteria relied
    on as the grounds for a reduction in sentence;
    ``(C) the number of requests that Bureau of Prisons
    employees assisted prisoners in drafting, preparing, or
    submitting, categorized by the criteria relied on as the
    grounds for a reduction in sentence, and the final
    decision made in each request;
    ``(D) the number of requests that attorneys,
    partners, or family members submitted on a defendant's
    behalf, categorized by the criteria relied on as the
    grounds for a reduction in sentence, and the final
    decision made in each request;
    ``(E) the number of requests approved by the
    Director of the Bureau of Prisons, categorized by the
    criteria relied on as the grounds for a reduction in
    sentence;
    ``(F) the number of requests denied by the Director
    of the Bureau of Prisons and the reasons given for each
    denial, categorized by the criteria relied on as the
    grounds for a reduction in sentence;
    ``(G) for each request, the time elapsed between the
    date the request was received by the warden and the

    [[Page 5241]]

    final decision, categorized by the criteria relied on as
    the grounds for a reduction in sentence;
    ``(H) for each request, the number of prisoners who
    died while their request was pending and, for each, the
    amount of time that had elapsed between the date the
    request was received by the Bureau of Prisons,
    categorized by the criteria relied on as the grounds for
    a reduction in sentence;
    ``(I) the number of Bureau of Prisons notifications
    to attorneys, partners, and family members of their
    right to visit a terminally ill defendant as required
    under paragraph (2)(A)(ii) and, for each, whether a
    visit occurred and how much time elapsed between the
    notification and the visit;
    ``(J) the number of visits to terminally ill
    prisoners that were denied by the Bureau of Prisons due
    to security or other concerns, and the reasons given for
    each denial; and
    ``(K) the number of motions filed by defendants with
    the court after all administrative rights to appeal a
    denial of a sentence reduction had been exhausted, the
    outcome of each motion, and the time that had elapsed
    between the date the request was first received by the
    Bureau of Prisons and the date the defendant filed the
    motion with the court.''.
    SEC. 604. IDENTIFICATION FOR RETURNING CITIZENS.

    (a) Identification and Release Assistance for Federal Prisoners.--
    Section 231(b) of the Second Chance Act of 2007 (34 U.S.C. 60541(b)) is
    amended--
    (1) in paragraph (1)--
    (A) by striking ``(including'' and inserting ``prior
    to release from a term of imprisonment in a Federal
    prison or if the individual was not sentenced to a term
    of imprisonment in a Federal prison, prior to release
    from a sentence to a term in community confinement,
    including''; and
    (B) by striking ``or birth certificate) prior to
    release'' and inserting ``and a birth certificate''; and
    (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(4) Definition.--In this subsection, the term `community
    confinement' means residence in a community treatment center,
    halfway house, restitution center, mental health facility,
    alcohol or drug rehabilitation center, or other community
    facility.''.

    (b) Duties of the Bureau of Prisons.--Section 4042(a) of title 18,
    United States Code, is amended--
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (D) and (E) as paragraphs
    (6) and (7), respectively;
    (2) in paragraph (6) (as so redesignated)--
    (A) in clause (i)--
    (i) by striking ``Social Security Cards,'';
    and
    (ii) by striking ``and'' at the end;
    (B) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause (iii);
    (C) by inserting after clause (i) the following:
    ``(ii) obtain identification, including a
    social security card, driver's license or other
    official photo identification, and a birth
    certificate; and'';

    [[Page 5242]]

    (D) in clause (iii) (as so redesignated), by
    inserting after ``prior to release'' the following:
    ``from a sentence to a term of imprisonment in a Federal
    prison or if the individual was not sentenced to a term
    of imprisonment in a Federal prison, prior to release
    from a sentence to a term of community confinement'';
    and
    (E) by redesignating clauses (i), (ii), and (iii)
    (as so amended) as subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C),
    respectively, and adjusting the margins accordingly; and
    (3) in paragraph (7) (as so redesignated), by redesignating
    clauses (i) through (vii) as subparagraphs (A) through (G),
    respectively, and adjusting the margins accordingly.
    SEC. 605. EXPANDING INMATE EMPLOYMENT THROUGH FEDERAL PRISON
    INDUSTRIES.

    (a) New Market Authorizations.--Chapter 307 of title 18, United
    States Code, is amended by inserting after section 4129 the following:
    ``Sec. 4130. <>  Additional markets

    ``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b),
    notwithstanding any other provision of law, Federal Prison Industries
    may sell products to--
    ``(1) public entities for use in penal or correctional
    institutions;
    ``(2) public entities for use in disaster relief or
    emergency response;
    ``(3) the government of the District of Columbia; and
    ``(4) any organization described in subsection (c)(3),
    (c)(4), or (d) of section 501 of the Internal Revenue Code of
    1986 that is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such
    Code.

    ``(b) Office Furniture.--Federal Prison Industries may not sell
    office furniture to the organizations described in subsection (a)(4).
    ``(c) Definitions.--In this section:
    ``(1) The term `office furniture' means any product or
    service offering intended to meet the furnishing needs of the
    workplace, including office, healthcare, educational, and
    hospitality environments.
    ``(2) The term `public entity' means a State, a subdivision
    of a State, an Indian tribe, and an agency or governmental
    corporation or business of any of the foregoing.
    ``(3) The term `State' means a State, the District of
    Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa,
    the Northern Mariana Islands, and the United States Virgin
    Islands.''.

    (b) Technical Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 307 of
    title 18, United States Code, <>  is amended
    by inserting after the item relating to section 4129 the following:

    ``4130. Additional markets.''.

    (c) Deferred Compensation.--Section 4126(c)(4) of title 18, United
    States Code, is amended by inserting after ``operations,'' the
    following: ``not less than 15 percent of such compensation for any
    inmate shall be reserved in the fund or a separate account

    [[Page 5243]]

    and made available to assist the inmate with costs associated with
    release from prison,''.
    (d) GAO Report.-- <> Beginning not later
    than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller
    General of the United States shall conduct an audit of Federal Prison
    Industries that includes the following:
    (1) An evaluation of Federal Prison Industries's
    effectiveness in reducing recidivism compared to other
    rehabilitative programs in the prison system.
    (2) An evaluation of the scope and size of the additional
    markets made available to Federal Prison Industries under this
    section and the total market value that would be opened up to
    Federal Prison Industries for competition with private sector
    providers of products and services.
    (3) An evaluation of whether the following factors create an
    unfair competitive environment between Federal Prison Industries
    and private sector providers of products and services which
    would be exacerbated by further expansion:
    (A) Federal Prison Industries's status as a
    mandatory source of supply for Federal agencies and the
    requirement that the buying agency must obtain a waiver
    in order to make a competitive purchase from the private
    sector if the item to be acquired is listed on the
    schedule of products and services published by Federal
    Prison Industries.
    (B) <>  Federal Prison
    Industries's ability to determine that the price to be
    paid by Federal Agencies is fair and reasonable, rather
    than such a determination being made by the buying
    agency.
    (C) <>  An examination of the
    extent to which Federal Prison Industries is bound by
    the requirements of the generally applicable Federal
    Acquisition Regulation pertaining to the conformity of
    the delivered product with the specified design and
    performance specifications and adherence to the delivery
    schedule required by the Federal agency, based on the
    transactions being categorized as interagency transfers.
    (D) <>  An examination of the
    extent to which Federal Prison Industries avoids
    transactions that are little more than pass through
    transactions where the work provided by inmates does not
    create meaningful value or meaningful work opportunities
    for inmates.
    (E) <>  The extent to which
    Federal Prison Industries must comply with the same
    worker protection, workplace safety and similar
    regulations applicable to, and enforceable against,
    Federal contractors.
    (F) The wages Federal Prison Industries pays to
    inmates, taking into account inmate productivity and
    other factors such as security concerns associated with
    having a facility in a prison.
    (G) The effect of any additional cost advantages
    Federal Prison Industries has over private sector
    providers of goods and services, including--
    (i) the costs absorbed by the Bureau of
    Prisons such as inmate medical care and
    infrastructure expenses including real estate and
    utilities; and

    [[Page 5244]]

    (ii) its exemption from Federal and State
    income taxes and property taxes.
    (4) An evaluation of the extent to which the customers of
    Federal Prison Industries are satisfied with quality, price, and
    timely delivery of the products and services provided it
    provides, including summaries of other independent assessments
    such as reports of agency inspectors general, if applicable.
    SEC. 606. <>
    DE-ESCALATION TRAINING.

    Beginning not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this
    Act, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall incorporate into
    training programs provided to officers and employees of the Bureau of
    Prisons (including officers and employees of an organization with which
    the Bureau of Prisons has a contract to provide services relating to
    imprisonment) specialized and comprehensive training in procedures to--
    (1) de-escalate encounters between a law enforcement officer
    or an officer or employee of the Bureau of Prisons, and a
    civilian or a prisoner (as such term is defined in section 3635
    of title 18, United States Code, as added by section 101(a) of
    this Act); and
    (2) identify and appropriately respond to incidents that
    involve the unique needs of individuals who have a mental
    illness or cognitive deficit.
    SEC. 607. <>  EVIDENCE-BASED TREATMENT
    FOR OPIOID AND HEROIN ABUSE.

    (a) <>  Report on Evidence-based Treatment for
    Opioid and Heroin Abuse.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall
    submit to the Committees on the Judiciary and the Committees on
    Appropriations of the Senate and of the House of Representatives a
    report assessing the availability of and the capacity of the Bureau of
    Prisons to treat heroin and opioid abuse through evidence-based
    programs, including medication-assisted treatment where appropriate. In
    preparing the report, the Director shall consider medication-assisted
    treatment as a strategy to assist in treatment where appropriate and not
    as a replacement for holistic and other drug-free approaches. The report
    shall include a description of plans to expand access to evidence-based
    treatment for heroin and opioid abuse for prisoners, including access to
    medication-assisted treatment in appropriate cases. Following
    submission, the Director shall take steps to implement these plans.

    (b) <>  Report on the Availability of
    Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid and Heroin Abuse, and
    Implementation Thereof.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Director of the Administrative Office of the
    United States Courts shall submit to the Committees on the Judiciary and
    the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and of the House of
    Representatives a report assessing the availability of and capacity for
    the provision of medication-assisted treatment for opioid and heroin
    abuse by treatment service providers serving prisoners who are serving a
    term of supervised release, and including a description of plans to
    expand access to medication-assisted treatment for heroin and opioid
    abuse whenever appropriate among prisoners under supervised release.
    Following submission, the Director will take steps to implement these
    plans.

    [[Page 5245]]

    SEC. 608. <>  PILOT PROGRAMS.

    (a) In General.-- <> The Bureau of Prisons shall
    establish each of the following pilot programs for 5 years, in at least
    20 facilities:
    (1) Mentorship for youth.--A program to pair youth with
    volunteers from faith-based or community organizations, which
    may include formerly incarcerated offenders, that have relevant
    experience or expertise in mentoring, and a willingness to serve
    as a mentor in such a capacity.
    (2) Service to abandoned, rescued, or otherwise vulnerable
    animals.--A program to equip prisoners with the skills to
    provide training and therapy to animals seized by Federal law
    enforcement under asset forfeiture authority and to
    organizations that provide shelter and similar services to
    abandoned, rescued, or otherwise vulnerable animals.

    (b) Reporting Requirement.--Not later than 1 year after the
    conclusion of the pilot programs, the Attorney General shall report to
    Congress on the results of the pilot programs under this section. Such
    report shall include cost savings, numbers of participants, and
    information about recidivism rates among participants.
    (c) Definition.--In this title, the term ``youth'' means a prisoner
    (as such term is defined in section 3635 of title 18, United States
    Code, as added by section 101(a) of this Act) who was 21 years of age or
    younger at the time of the commission or alleged commission of the
    criminal offense for which the individual is being prosecuted or serving
    a term of imprisonment, as the case may be.
    SEC. 609. <>  ENSURING SUPERVISION OF
    RELEASED SEXUALLY DANGEROUS PERSONS.

    (a) Probation Officers.--Section 3603 of title 18, United States
    Code, is amended in paragraph (8)(A) by striking ``or 4246'' and
    inserting ``, 4246, or 4248''.
    (b) Pretrial Services Officers.--Section 3154 of title 18, United
    States Code, is amended in paragraph (12)(A) by striking ``or 4246'' and
    inserting ``, 4246, or 4248''.
    SEC. 610. DATA COLLECTION.

    (a) National Prisoner Statistics Program.-- <> Beginning not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, pursuant to the
    authority under section 302 of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe
    Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3732), the Director of the Bureau of
    Justice Statistics, with information that shall be provided by the
    Director of the Bureau of Prisons, shall include in the National
    Prisoner Statistics Program the following:
    (1) The number of prisoners (as such term is defined in
    section 3635 of title 18, United States Code, as added by
    section 101(a) of this Act) who are veterans of the Armed Forces
    of the United States.
    (2) The number of prisoners who have been placed in solitary
    confinement at any time during the previous year.
    (3) The number of female prisoners known by the Bureau of
    Prisons to be pregnant, as well as the outcomes of such
    pregnancies, including information on pregnancies that result in
    live birth, stillbirth, miscarriage, abortion, ectopic
    pregnancy, maternal death, neonatal death, and preterm birth.

    [[Page 5246]]

    (4) The number of prisoners who volunteered to participate
    in a substance abuse treatment program, and the number of
    prisoners who have participated in such a program.
    (5) The number of prisoners provided medication-assisted
    treatment with medication approved by the Food and Drug
    Administration while in custody in order to treat substance use
    disorder.
    (6) The number of prisoners who were receiving medication-
    assisted treatment with medication approved by the Food and Drug
    Administration prior to the commencement of their term of
    imprisonment.
    (7) The number of prisoners who are the parent or guardian
    of a minor child.
    (8) The number of prisoners who are single, married, or
    otherwise in a committed relationship.
    (9) The number of prisoners who have not achieved a GED,
    high school diploma, or equivalent prior to entering prison.
    (10) The number of prisoners who, during the previous year,
    received their GED or other equivalent certificate while
    incarcerated.
    (11) The numbers of prisoners for whom English is a second
    language.
    (12) The number of incidents, during the previous year, in
    which restraints were used on a female prisoner during
    pregnancy, labor, or postpartum recovery, as well as information
    relating to the type of restraints used, and the circumstances
    under which each incident occurred.
    (13) The vacancy rate for medical and healthcare staff
    positions, and average length of such a vacancy.
    (14) The number of facilities that operated, at any time
    during the previous year, without at least 1 clinical nurse,
    certified paramedic, or licensed physician on site.
    (15) The number of facilities that during the previous year
    were accredited by the American Correctional Association.
    (16) The number and type of recidivism reduction
    partnerships described in section 3621(h)(5) of title 18, United
    States Code, as added by section 102(a) of this Act, entered
    into by each facility.
    (17) The number of facilities with remote learning
    capabilities.
    (18) The number of facilities that offer prisoners video
    conferencing.
    (19) Any changes in costs related to legal phone calls and
    visits following implementation of section 3632(d)(1) of title
    18, United States Code, as added by section 101(a) of this Act.
    (20) The number of aliens in prison during the previous
    year.
    (21) For each Bureau of Prisons facility, the total number
    of violations that resulted in reductions in rewards,
    incentives, or time credits, the number of such violations for
    each category of violation, and the demographic breakdown of the
    prisoners who have received such reductions.
    (22) The number of assaults on Bureau of Prisons staff by
    prisoners and the number of criminal prosecutions of prisoners
    for assaulting Bureau of Prisons staff.

    [[Page 5247]]

    (23) The capacity of each recidivism reduction program and
    productive activity to accommodate eligible inmates at each
    Bureau of Prisons facility.
    (24) The number of volunteers who were certified to
    volunteer in a Bureau of Prisons facility, broken down by level
    (level I and level II), and by each Bureau of Prisons facility.
    (25) The number of prisoners enrolled in recidivism
    reduction programs and productive activities at each Bureau of
    Prisons facility, broken down by risk level and by program, and
    the number of those enrolled prisoners who successfully
    completed each program.
    (26) The breakdown of prisoners classified at each risk
    level by demographic characteristics, including age, sex, race,
    and the length of the sentence imposed.

    (b) Report to Judiciary Committees.-- <> Beginning not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, and annually thereafter for a period of 7 years, the Director
    of the Bureau of Justice Statistics shall submit a report containing the
    information described in paragraphs (1) through (26) of subsection (a)
    to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the
    Judiciary of the House of Representatives.
    SEC. 611. <>  HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS.

    (a) Availability.--The Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall make
    the healthcare products described in subsection (c) available to
    prisoners for free, in a quantity that is appropriate to the healthcare
    needs of each prisoner.
    (b) Quality Products.--The Director shall ensure that the healthcare
    products provided under this section conform with applicable industry
    standards.
    (c) Products.--The healthcare products described in this subsection
    are tampons and sanitary napkins.
    SEC. 612. ADULT AND JUVENILE COLLABORATION PROGRAMS.

    Section 2991 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe
    Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10651) is amended--
    (1) in subsection (b)(4)--
    (A) by striking subparagraph (D); and
    (B) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as
    subparagraph (D);
    (2) in subsection (e), by striking ``may use up to 3
    percent'' and inserting ``shall use not less than 6 percent'';
    and
    (3) by amending subsection (g) to read as follows:

    ``(g) Collaboration Set-aside.--The Attorney General shall use not
    less than 8 percent of funds appropriated to provide technical
    assistance to State and local governments receiving grants under this
    part to foster collaboration between such governments in furtherance of
    the purposes set forth in section 3 of the Mentally Ill Offender
    Treatment and Crime Reduction Act of 2004 (34 U.S.C. 10651 note).''.
    SEC. 613. JUVENILE SOLITARY CONFINEMENT.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 403 of title 18, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 5043. <>  Juvenile solitary confinement

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section--
    ``(1) the term `covered juvenile' means--

    [[Page 5248]]

    ``(A) a juvenile who--
    ``(i) is being proceeded against under this
    chapter for an alleged act of juvenile
    delinquency; or
    ``(ii) has been adjudicated delinquent under
    this chapter; or
    ``(B) a juvenile who is being proceeded against as
    an adult in a district court of the United States for an
    alleged criminal offense;
    ``(2) the term `juvenile facility' means any facility where
    covered juveniles are--
    ``(A) committed pursuant to an adjudication of
    delinquency under this chapter; or
    ``(B) detained prior to disposition or conviction;
    and
    ``(3) the term `room confinement' means the involuntary
    placement of a covered juvenile alone in a cell, room, or other
    area for any reason.

    ``(b) Prohibition on Room Confinement in Juvenile Facilities.--
    ``(1) In general.--The use of room confinement at a juvenile
    facility for discipline, punishment, retaliation, or any reason
    other than as a temporary response to a covered juvenile's
    behavior that poses a serious and immediate risk of physical
    harm to any individual, including the covered juvenile, is
    prohibited.
    ``(2) Juveniles posing risk of harm.--
    ``(A) Requirement to use least restrictive
    techniques.--
    ``(i) In general.--Before a staff member of a
    juvenile facility places a covered juvenile in
    room confinement, the staff member shall attempt
    to use less restrictive techniques, including--
    ``(I) talking with the covered
    juvenile in an attempt to de-escalate
    the situation; and
    ``(II) permitting a qualified mental
    health professional to talk to the
    covered juvenile.
    ``(ii) Explanation.--If, after attempting to
    use less restrictive techniques as required under
    clause (i), a staff member of a juvenile facility
    decides to place a covered juvenile in room
    confinement, the staff member shall first--
    ``(I) explain to the covered
    juvenile the reasons for the room
    confinement; and
    ``(II) inform the covered juvenile
    that release from room confinement will
    occur--
    ``(aa) immediately when the
    covered juvenile regains self-
    control, as described in
    subparagraph (B)(i); or
    ``(bb) not later than after
    the expiration of the time
    period described in subclause
    (I) or (II) of subparagraph
    (B)(ii), as applicable.
    ``(B) Maximum period of confinement.--If a covered
    juvenile is placed in room confinement because the
    covered juvenile poses a serious and immediate risk of
    physical harm to himself or herself, or to others, the
    covered juvenile shall be released--
    ``(i) immediately when the covered juvenile
    has sufficiently gained control so as to no longer
    engage

    [[Page 5249]]

    in behavior that threatens serious and immediate
    risk of physical harm to himself or herself, or to
    others; or
    ``(ii) if a covered juvenile does not
    sufficiently gain control as described in clause
    (i), not later than--
    ``(I) 3 hours after being placed in
    room confinement, in the case of a
    covered juvenile who poses a serious and
    immediate risk of physical harm to
    others; or
    ``(II) 30 minutes after being placed
    in room confinement, in the case of a
    covered juvenile who poses a serious and
    immediate risk of physical harm only to
    himself or herself.
    ``(C) Risk of harm after maximum period of
    confinement.--If, after the applicable maximum period of
    confinement under subclause (I) or (II) of subparagraph
    (B)(ii) has expired, a covered juvenile continues to
    pose a serious and immediate risk of physical harm
    described in that subclause--
    ``(i) the covered juvenile shall be
    transferred to another juvenile facility or
    internal location where services can be provided
    to the covered juvenile without relying on room
    confinement; or
    ``(ii) if a qualified mental health
    professional believes the level of crisis service
    needed is not currently available, a staff member
    of the juvenile facility shall initiate a referral
    to a location that can meet the needs of the
    covered juvenile.
    ``(D) Spirit and purpose.--The use of consecutive
    periods of room confinement to evade the spirit and
    purpose of this subsection shall be prohibited.''.

    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for
    chapter 403 of title 18, United States Code, <>  is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``5043. Juvenile solitary confinement.''.

    Approved December 21, 2018.

    LEGISLATIVE HISTORY--S. 756:
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    SENATE REPORTS: No. 115-135 (Comm. on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation).
    CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:
    Vol. 163 (2017):
    Aug. 3, considered and passed
    Senate.
    Vol. 164 (2018):
    July 25, considered and passed
    House, amended.
    Dec. 13, 17, 18, Senate considered
    and concurred in House amendment
    with an amendment.
    Dec. 20, House concurred in Senate
    amendment.
    DAILY COMPILATION OF PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS (2018):
    Dec. 21, Presidential remarks and statement.