    [United States Statutes at Large, Volume 128, 113th Congress, 2nd Session]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

    PROCLAMATION 9194--OCT. 10, 2014

    Proclamation 9194 of October 10, 2014

    Establishment of the San Gabriel Mountains National Monument

    By the President of the United States of America

    A Proclamation

    Known as the crown to the Valley of Angels, the peaks of the San Gabriel
    Mountains frame the Los Angeles skyline. Over 15 million people live
    within 90 minutes of this island of green, which provides 70 percent of
    the open space for Angelenos and 30 percent of their drinking water.
    Millions recreate and rejuvenate in the San Gabriels each year, seeking
    out their cool streams and canyons during the hot summer months, their
    snowcapped mountains in the winter, and their trail system and historic
    sites throughout the year.
    The San Gabriels are some of the steepest and most rugged mountains in
    the United States. Situated adjacent to the mighty San Andreas Fault,
    the mountains are geologically active, migrating northwest at an average
    of 2 inches each year. Deep canyons, many with precious perennial
    streams, score the mountain peaks--north toward the arid Mojave Desert
    and south to the temperate San Gabriel Valley.
    The rich cultural history of these mountains echoes their striking
    geologic features and ecological diversity. Cultural resources represent
    successive layers of history, including that of Native Americans,
    Spanish missionaries and colonialists, Mexican rancheros, and Euro-
    American settlers and prospectors. Native American history runs deep, at
    least 8,000 years, exemplified by the Aliso-Arrastre Special Interest
    Area known for its heritage resource values, including several rock art
    and cupules features, the concentration of which is unique to southern
    California. Due to urban development and natural processes, this area
    also contains the best preserved example of a Gabrielino pictograph that
    characterizes the California Tradition of rock painting.
    Early European explorers' use of the area consisted mainly of early
    explorers traveling through the area. Over time, land grants, Spanish
    missions, and townsites surrounded the mountains, relying heavily on
    them for water, building supplies, and game.
    By the 1840s, gold prospectors poured into the mountains. Large placer
    and lode mining operations were established in the San Gabriels, with
    mixed success. The historic mining town of Eldoradoville, located along
    the East Fork of the San Gabriel River, had at its peak in 1861 a
    population of over 500 miners, with general stores, saloons, and dance
    halls along with numerous mining camps of tents, wooden shacks, and
    stone cabins along the river.
    In the early 20th century, responding to the burgeoning interest of
    urban dwellers in backcountry hiking and weekend rambling, a number of
    trails, lodges, and camps--many of which were accessible only

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    by horseback or on foot--were constructed throughout the mountains.
    Remnants of these historic resorts, which attracted local residents and
    Hollywood stars alike, can still be seen and are important aspects of
    the region's social and cultural history.
    Enthusiasm for recreating in the mountains continues today. The San
    Gabriels offer hundreds of miles of hiking, motorized, and equestrian
    trails, including several National Recreational Trails and 87 miles of
    the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail. In the footprint of the resorts
    of the Great Hiking Era, many visitors partake of Forest Service
    campgrounds built on the foundations of early 20th-century lodges and
    resorts. In a region with limited open space, the mountains are the
    backyard for many highly urbanized and culturally diverse populations
    within Los Angeles, underscoring the need for strong partnerships
    between this urban forest and neighboring communities.
    The mountains have hosted world-class scientists, studying the terra
    firma at their feet as well as the distant galactic stars. Astronomer
    Edwin Hubble performed critical calculations from his work at the Mt.
    Wilson Observatory, including his discovery that some nebulae were
    actually galaxies outside our own Milky Way. Assisted by Milton Humason,
    he also discovered the presence of the astronomical phenomenon of
    redshift that proved the universe is expanding. Also on Mt. Wilson,
    Albert Michelson, America's first Nobel Prize winner in a science field,
    conducted an experiment that provided the first modern and truly
    accurate measurement of the speed of light. Closer to earth, the San
    Dimas Experimental Forest, established in 1933 as a hydrologic
    laboratory, continues the study of some of our earliest and most
    comprehensively monitored research watersheds, providing crucial
    scientific insights.
    Although proximate to one of America's most urban areas, the region has
    untrammeled wilderness lands of the highest quality, including four
    designated wilderness areas: San Gabriel, Sheep Mountain, Pleasant View
    Ridge, and Magic Mountain. These lands provide invaluable backcountry
    opportunities for the rapidly expanding nearby communities and also
    provide habitat for iconic species including the endangered California
    condor and least Bells' vireo, and the Forest Service Sensitive Nelson's
    bighorn sheep, bald eagle, and California spotted owl. Inventoried
    roadless areas and lands recommended for designation as Wilderness also
    provide important habitat, including a connectivity corridor important
    for wide ranging species, such as the mountain lion.
    The importance of the San Gabriels' watershed values was recognized
    early. As early as the late 1800s, local communities petitioned to
    protect the mountains for their watershed values. As a result, President
    Benjamin Harrison established the San Gabriel Timberland Reserve in
    1892, the precursor to the Angeles National Forest.
    Reflecting the needs of the nearby population centers, the San Gabriels
    host an array of flood control and water storage, delivery, and
    diversion infrastructure, including six large retention dams as well as
    numerous telecommunications and utility towers.
    The San Gabriels' rivers not only provide drinking water but are also
    areas of high ecological significance supporting rare populations of
    native fish, including the threatened Santa Ana sucker. The San Gabriel
    River supports rare arroyo chub and Santa Ana speckled dace, a spe

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    cies found only in the Los Angeles Basin. Little Rock Creek tumbles down
    from the northern escarpment to the Mojave Desert below and supports
    important populations of the endangered mountain yellow-legged frog and
    arroyo toad, as well as the threatened California red-legged frog. On
    the slopes of Mt. San Antonio, San Antonio Creek rushes through an
    alpine canyon studded with stalwart bigcone Douglas fir, and the
    magnificent 75-foot San Antonio Falls draw thousands of visitors every
    year.
    In addition to rivers, the San Gabriels contain two scenic lakes, both
    formed by the area's remarkable geologic forces. The alpine Crystal
    Lake, found high in the mountains, was formed from one of the largest
    landslides on record in southern California. Jackson Lake is a natural
    sag pond, a type of pond formed between the strands of an active fault
    line--in this case, the San Andreas.
    Climatic contrasts in the San Gabriels range from the northern slope
    desert region, home to Joshua trees and pinyon pines, to high-elevation
    white fir and a notable stand of 1,000-year-old limber pines. Vegetation
    communities, including chaparral and oak woodland, represent a portion
    of the rare Mediterranean ecosystem found in only 3 percent of the
    world. Mediterranean climate zones have high numbers of species for
    their area.
    The San Gabriels also provide suitable habitat for 52 Forest Service
    Sensitive Plants and as many as 300 California-endemic species,
    including Pierson's lupine and San Gabriel bedstraw, that occur only in
    the San Gabriel range.
    The mountains harbor several of California's signature natural
    vegetation communities, including the drought-tolerant and fire-adapted
    chaparral shrubland, which is the dominant community and includes scrub
    oaks, chamise, manzanita, wild lilac, and western mountain-mahogany.
    Mixed conifer forest is an associated vegetation community comprising
    Jeffrey pine, sugar pine, white fir, and riparian woodlands including
    white alder, sycamore, and willow. These communities provide habitat for
    numerous native wildlife and insect species, including agriculturally
    important pollinators, the San Gabriel Mountains slender salamander, San
    Bernardino Mountain kingsnake, song sparrow, Peregrine falcon, mule
    deer, and Pallid bat.
    WHEREAS section 2 of the Act of June 8, 1906 (34 Stat. 225, 16 U.S.C.
    431) (the ``Antiquities Act''), authorizes the President, in his
    discretion, to declare by public proclamation historic landmarks,
    historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or
    scientific interest situated upon the lands owned or controlled by the
    Government of the United States to be national monuments, and to reserve
    as a part thereof parcels of land, the limits of which in all cases
    shall be confined to the smallest area compatible with the proper care
    and management of the objects to be protected; and
    WHEREAS it is in the public interest to preserve and protect the objects
    of scientific and historic interest at the San Gabriel Mountains;
    NOW, THEREFORE, I, BARACK OBAMA, President of the United States of
    America, by the authority vested in me by section 2 of the Antiquities
    Act, hereby proclaim the objects identified above that are situated upon
    lands and interests in lands owned or controlled by the Government of
    the United States to be the San Gabriel Mountains Na

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    tional Monument (monument) and, for the purpose of preserving those
    objects, reserve as a part thereof all lands and interests in lands
    owned or controlled by the Government of the United States within the
    boundaries described on the accompanying map entitled, ``San Gabriel
    Mountains National Monument'' and the accompanying legal description,
    which are attached to and form a part of this proclamation.
    These reserved Federal lands and interests in lands encompass
    approximately 346,177 acres, which is the smallest area compatible with
    the proper care and management of the objects to be protected.
    All Federal lands and interests in lands within the boundaries of the
    monument are hereby appropriated and withdrawn from all forms of entry,
    location, selection, sale, leasing, or other disposition under the
    public land or other Federal laws, including location, entry, and patent
    under the mining laws, and from disposition under all laws relating to
    mineral and geothermal leasing, other than by exchange that furthers the
    protective purposes of the monument, or disposition of materials under
    the Materials Act of 1947 in a manner that is consistent with the proper
    care and management of the objects protected by this proclamation.
    The establishment of this monument is subject to valid existing rights.
    Lands and interests in lands within the monument's boundaries not owned
    or controlled by the United States shall be reserved as part of the
    monument upon acquisition of ownership or control by the United States.
    To the extent allowed by applicable law, the Secretaries of Agriculture
    and the Interior shall manage valid Federal mineral rights existing
    within the monument as of the date of this proclamation in a manner
    consistent with the proper care and management of the objects protected
    by this proclamation.
    Nothing in this proclamation shall be construed to alter the valid
    existing water rights of any party, including the United States.
    Nothing in this proclamation shall be construed to interfere with the
    operation or maintenance, nor with the replacement or modification
    within the existing authorization boundary, of existing water resource,
    flood control, utility, pipeline, or telecommunications facilities that
    are located within the monument, subject to the Secretary of
    Agriculture's special uses authorities and other applicable laws.
    Existing water resource, flood control, utility, pipeline, or
    telecommunications facilities located within the monument may be
    expanded, and new facilities may be constructed within the monument, to
    the extent consistent with the proper care and management of the objects
    protected by this proclamation, subject to the Secretary of
    Agriculture's special uses authorities and other applicable law.
    The Secretary of Agriculture (Secretary) shall manage the monument
    through the Forest Service, pursuant to applicable legal authorities,
    consistent with the purposes and provisions of this proclamation. The
    Secretary shall prepare, within 3 years of the date of this proclamation
    and in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, a management
    plan for the monument and shall promulgate such regulations for its
    management as deemed appropriate. The Secretary shall provide for
    maximum public involvement in the development of that plan, including,
    but not limited to, consultation with tribal, State, and local
    government, as well as community environmental conservation, health, and
    justice organizations. The plan shall provide for protection and inter

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    pretation of the scientific and historic objects identified above and
    for continued public access to those objects, consistent with their
    protection. To the maximum extent permitted by other applicable law and
    consistent with the purposes of the monument, the plan shall protect and
    preserve Indian sacred sites, as defined in section 1(b) of Executive
    Order 13007 of May 24, 1996, and access by Indian tribal members for
    traditional cultural, spiritual, and tree and forest product-, food-,
    and medicine-gathering purposes.
    Nothing in this proclamation shall be construed to enlarge or diminish
    the rights of any Indian tribe as defined in section 1(b) of Executive
    Order 13007.
    The Secretary shall prepare a transportation plan that specifies and
    implements such actions necessary to protect the objects identified in
    this proclamation, including road closures and travel restrictions. For
    the purpose of protecting the objects identified above, except for
    emergency or authorized administrative purposes, the Secretary shall
    limit all motor vehicle use to designated roads, trails, and, in the
    Secretary's discretion, those authorized off-highway vehicular use areas
    existing as of the date of this proclamation.
    The Secretary shall, in developing any management plans and any
    management rules and regulations governing the monument, consult with
    the Secretary of the Interior. The final decision to issue any
    management plans and any management rules and regulations rests with the
    Secretary of Agriculture. Management plans or rules and regulations
    developed by the Secretary of the Interior governing uses within
    national parks or other national monuments administered by the Secretary
    of the Interior shall not apply within the monument.
    Nothing in this proclamation shall be construed to enlarge or diminish
    the jurisdiction of the State of California with respect to fish and
    wildlife management.
    Laws, regulations, and policies followed by the United States Forest
    Service in issuing and administering grazing permits or leases on all
    lands under its jurisdiction shall continue to apply with regard to the
    lands in the monument in a manner consistent with the proper care and
    management of the objects protected by this proclamation.
    Nothing in this proclamation shall be construed to alter the authority
    or responsibility of any party with respect to emergency response
    activities within the monument, including wildland fire response. The
    Secretary may carry out vegetative management treatments within the
    monument, except that timber harvest and prescribed fire may only be
    used when the Secretary determines it appropriate to address the risk of
    wildfire, insect infestation, or disease that would endanger the objects
    identified above or imperil public safety.
    Recognizing the proximity of the monument to Class B airspace and that a
    military training route is over the monument, nothing in this
    proclamation shall be deemed to restrict general aviation, commercial,
    or military aircraft operations, nor the designation of new units of
    special use airspace or the establishment of military flight training
    routes, over the monument.
    Nothing in this proclamation shall be deemed to revoke any existing
    withdrawal, reservation, or appropriation; however, the monument shall
    be the dominant reservation.

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    Warning is hereby given to all unauthorized persons not to appropriate,
    injure, destroy, or remove any feature of the monument and not to locate
    or settle upon any of the lands thereof.
    IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this tenth day of
    October, in the year of our Lord two thousand fourteen, and of the
    Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and thirty-
    ninth.
    BARACK OBAMA

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