    [United States Statutes at Large, Volume 124, 111th Congress, 2nd Session]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

    Public Law 111-220
    111th Congress

    An Act

    To restore fairness to Federal cocaine sentencing. <>

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
    United States of America in Congress assembled, <>
    SECTION 1. <> SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Fair Sentencing Act of 2010''.
    SEC. 2. COCAINE SENTENCING DISPARITY REDUCTION.

    (a) CSA.--Section 401(b)(1) of the Controlled Substances Act (21
    U.S.C. 841(b)(1)) is amended--
    (1) in subparagraph (A)(iii), by striking ``50 grams'' and
    inserting ``280 grams''; and
    (2) in subparagraph (B)(iii), by striking ``5 grams'' and
    inserting ``28 grams''.

    (b) Import and Export Act.--Section 1010(b) of the Controlled
    Substances Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C. 960(b)) is amended--
    (1) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ``50 grams'' and
    inserting ``280 grams''; and
    (2) in paragraph (2)(C), by striking ``5 grams'' and
    inserting ``28 grams''.
    SEC. 3. ELIMINATION OF MANDATORY MINIMUM SENTENCE FOR SIMPLE
    POSSESSION.

    Section 404(a) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 844(a))
    is amended by striking the sentence beginning ``Notwithstanding the
    preceding sentence,''.
    SEC. 4. INCREASED PENALTIES FOR MAJOR DRUG TRAFFICKERS.

    (a) Increased Penalties for Manufacture, Distribution, Dispensation,
    or Possession With Intent To Manufacture, Distribute, or Dispense.--
    Section 401(b)(1) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 841(b)) is
    amended--
    (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``$4,000,000'',
    ``$10,000,000'', ``$8,000,000'', and ``$20,000,000'' and
    inserting ``$10,000,000'', ``$50,000,000'', ``$20,000,000'', and
    ``$75,000,000'', respectively; and
    (2) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``$2,000,000'',
    ``$5,000,000'', ``$4,000,000'', and ``$10,000,000'' and
    inserting ``$5,000,000'', ``$25,000,000'', ``$8,000,000'', and
    ``$50,000,000'', respectively.

    (b) Increased Penalties for Importation and Exportation.--Section
    1010(b) of the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C.
    960(b)) is amended--

    [[Page 2373]]

    (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``$4,000,000'',
    ``$10,000,000'', ``$8,000,000'', and ``$20,000,000'' and
    inserting``$10,000,000'', ``$50,000,000'', ``$20,000,000'', and
    ``$75,000,000'', respectively; and
    (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``$2,000,000'',
    ``$5,000,000'', ``$4,000,000'', and ``$10,000,000'' and
    inserting ``$5,000,000'', ``$25,000,000'', ``$8,000,000'', and
    ``$50,000,000'', respectively.
    SEC. 5. <> ENHANCEMENTS FOR ACTS
    OF VIOLENCE DURING THE COURSE OF A DRUG
    TRAFFICKING OFFENSE.

    Pursuant to its authority under section 994 of title 28, United
    States Code, the United States Sentencing Commission shall review and
    amend the Federal sentencing guidelines to ensure that the guidelines
    provide an additional penalty increase of at least 2 offense levels if
    the defendant used violence, made a credible threat to use violence, or
    directed the use of violence during a drug trafficking offense.
    SEC. 6. <> INCREASED EMPHASIS ON
    DEFENDANT'S ROLE AND CERTAIN AGGRAVATING
    FACTORS.

    Pursuant to its authority under section 994 of title 28, United
    States Code, the United States Sentencing Commission shall review and
    amend the Federal sentencing guidelines to ensure an additional increase
    of at least 2 offense levels if--
    (1) the defendant bribed, or attempted to bribe, a Federal,
    State, or local law enforcement official in connection with a
    drug trafficking offense;
    (2) the defendant maintained an establishment for the
    manufacture or distribution of a controlled substance, as
    generally described in section 416 of the Controlled Substances
    Act (21 U.S.C. 856); or
    (3)(A) the defendant is an organizer, leader, manager, or
    supervisor of drug trafficking activity subject to an
    aggravating role enhancement under the guidelines; and
    (B) the offense involved 1 or more of the following super-
    aggravating factors:
    (i) The defendant--
    (I) used another person to purchase, sell,
    transport, or store controlled substances;
    (II) used impulse, fear, friendship,
    affection, or some combination thereof to involve
    such person in the offense; and
    (III) such person had a minimum knowledge of
    the illegal enterprise and was to receive little
    or no compensation from the illegal transaction.
    (ii) The defendant--
    (I) knowingly distributed a controlled
    substance to a person under the age of 18 years, a
    person over the age of 64 years, or a pregnant
    individual;
    (II) knowingly involved a person under the age
    of 18 years, a person over the age of 64 years, or
    a pregnant individual in drug trafficking;
    (III) knowingly distributed a controlled
    substance to an individual who was unusually
    vulnerable due to physical or mental condition, or
    who was particularly susceptible to criminal
    conduct; or

    [[Page 2374]]

    (IV) knowingly involved an individual who was
    unusually vulnerable due to physical or mental
    condition, or who was particularly susceptible to
    criminal conduct, in the offense.
    (iii) The defendant was involved in the importation
    into the United States of a controlled substance.
    (iv) The defendant engaged in witness intimidation,
    tampered with or destroyed evidence, or otherwise
    obstructed justice in connection with the investigation
    or prosecution of the offense.
    (v) The defendant committed the drug trafficking
    offense as part of a pattern of criminal conduct engaged
    in as a livelihood.
    SEC. 7. <> INCREASED EMPHASIS ON
    DEFENDANT'S ROLE AND CERTAIN MITIGATING
    FACTORS.

    Pursuant to its authority under section 994 of title 28, United
    States Code, the United States Sentencing Commission shall review and
    amend the Federal sentencing guidelines and policy statements to ensure
    that--
    (1) if the defendant is subject to a minimal role adjustment
    under the guidelines, the base offense level for the defendant
    based solely on drug quantity shall not exceed level 32; and
    (2) there is an additional reduction of 2 offense levels if
    the defendant--
    (A) otherwise qualifies for a minimal role
    adjustment under the guidelines and had a minimum
    knowledge of the illegal enterprise;
    (B) was to receive no monetary compensation from the
    illegal transaction; and
    (C) was motivated by an intimate or familial
    relationship or by threats or fear when the defendant
    was otherwise unlikely to commit such an offense.
    SEC. 8. <> EMERGENCY AUTHORITY FOR UNITED
    STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION.

    The United States Sentencing Commission shall--
    (1) <> promulgate the guidelines, policy
    statements, or amendments provided for in this Act as soon as
    practicable, and in any event not later than 90 days after the
    date of enactment of this Act, in accordance with the procedure
    set forth in section 21(a) of the Sentencing Act of 1987 (28
    U.S.C. 994 note), as though the authority under that Act had not
    expired; and
    (2) pursuant to the emergency authority provided under
    paragraph (1), make such conforming amendments to the Federal
    sentencing guidelines as the Commission determines necessary to
    achieve consistency with other guideline provisions and
    applicable law.
    SEC. 9. REPORT ON EFFECTIVENESS OF DRUG COURTS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit
    to Congress a report analyzing the effectiveness of drug court programs
    receiving funds under the drug court grant program under part EE of
    title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42
    U.S.C. 3797-u et seq.).
    (b) Contents.--The report submitted under subsection (a) shall--

    [[Page 2375]]

    (1) assess the efforts of the Department of Justice to
    collect data on the performance of federally funded drug courts;
    (2) address the effect of drug courts on recidivism and
    substance abuse rates;
    (3) address any cost benefits resulting from the use of drug
    courts as alternatives to incarceration;
    (4) assess the response of the Department of Justice to
    previous recommendations made by the Comptroller General
    regarding drug court programs; and
    (5) make recommendations concerning the performance, impact,
    and cost-effectiveness of federally funded drug court programs.
    SEC. 10. UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION REPORT ON IMPACT OF
    CHANGES TO FEDERAL COCAINE SENTENCING LAW.

    Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    United States Sentencing Commission, pursuant to the authority under
    sections 994 and 995 of title 28, United States Code, and the
    responsibility of the United States Sentencing Commission to advise
    Congress on sentencing policy under section 995(a)(20) of title 28,
    United States Code, shall study and submit to Congress a report
    regarding the impact of the changes in Federal sentencing law under this
    Act and the amendments made by this Act.

    Approved August 3, 2010.

    LEGISLATIVE HISTORY--S. 1789:
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    CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 156 (2010):
    Mar. 17, considered and passed Senate.
    July 28, considered and passed House.