    [United States Statutes at Large, Volume 117, 108th Congress, 1st Session]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

    117 STAT. 2024

    Public Law 108-164
    108th Congress

    An Act

    To provide for availability of contact lens prescriptions to patients,
    and for other purposes. [NOTE: Dec. 6, 2003 -  [H.R. 3140]]

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
    United States of America in Congress assembled, [NOTE: Fairness to
    Contact Lens Consumers Act.]

    SECTION 1. [NOTE: 15 USC 7601 note.] SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Fairness to Contact Lens Consumers
    Act''.

    SEC. 2. [NOTE: 15 USC 7601.] AVAILABILITY OF CONTACT LENS
    PRESCRIPTIONS TO PATIENTS.

    (a) In General.--When a prescriber completes a contact lens fitting,
    the prescriber--
    (1) whether or not requested by the patient, shall provide
    to the patient a copy of the contact lens prescription; and
    (2) shall, as directed by any person designated to act on
    behalf of the patient, provide or verify the contact lens
    prescription by electronic or other means.

    (b) Limitations.--A prescriber may not--
    (1) require purchase of contact lenses from the prescriber
    or from another person as a condition of providing a copy of a
    prescription under subsection (a)(1) or (a)(2) or verification
    of a prescription under subsection (a)(2);
    (2) require payment in addition to, or as part of, the fee
    for an eye examination, fitting, and evaluation as a condition
    of providing a copy of a prescription under subsection (a)(1) or
    (a)(2) or verification of a prescription under subsection
    (a)(2); or
    (3) require the patient to sign a waiver or release as a
    condition of verifying or releasing a prescription.

    SEC. 3. [NOTE: 15 USC 7602.] IMMEDIATE PAYMENT OF FEES IN LIMITED
    CIRCUMSTANCES.

    A prescriber may require payment of fees for an eye examination,
    fitting, and evaluation before the release of a contact lens
    prescription, but only if the prescriber requires immediate payment in
    the case of an examination that reveals no requirement for ophthalmic
    goods. For purposes of the preceding sentence, presentation of proof of
    insurance coverage for that service shall be deemed to be a payment.

    SEC. 4. [NOTE: 15 USC 7603.] PRESCRIBER VERIFICATION.

    (a) Prescription Requirement.--A seller may sell contact lenses only
    in accordance with a contact lens prescription for the patient that is--

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    117 STAT. 2025

    (1) presented to the seller by the patient or prescriber
    directly or by facsimile; or
    (2) verified by direct communication.

    (b) Record Requirement.--A seller shall maintain a record of all
    direct communications referred to in subsection (a).
    (c) Information.--When seeking verification of a contact lens
    prescription, a seller shall provide the prescriber with the following
    information:
    (1) Patient's full name and address.
    (2) Contact lens power, manufacturer, base curve or
    appropriate designation, and diameter when appropriate.
    (3) Quantity of lenses ordered.
    (4) Date of patient request.
    (5) Date and time of verification request.
    (6) Name of contact person at seller's company, including
    facsimile and telephone number.

    (d) Verification Events.--A prescription is verified under this Act
    only if one of the following occurs:
    (1) The prescriber confirms the prescription is accurate by
    direct communication with the seller.
    (2) The prescriber informs the seller that the prescription
    is inaccurate and provides the accurate prescription.
    (3) The prescriber fails to communicate with the seller
    within 8 business hours, or a similar time as defined by the
    Federal Trade Commission, after receiving from the seller the
    information described in subsection (c).

    (e) Invalid Prescription.--If a prescriber informs a seller before
    the deadline under subsection (d)(3) that the contact lens prescription
    is inaccurate, expired, or otherwise invalid, the seller shall not fill
    the prescription. The prescriber shall specify the basis for the
    inaccuracy or invalidity of the prescription. If the prescription
    communicated by the seller to the prescriber is inaccurate, the
    prescriber shall correct it.
    (f) No Alteration.--A seller may not alter a contact lens
    prescription. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, if the same
    contact lens is manufactured by the same company and sold under multiple
    labels to individual providers, the seller may fill the prescription
    with a contact lens manufactured by that company under another label.
    (g) Direct Communication.--As used in this section, the term
    ``direct communication'' includes communication by telephone, facsimile,
    or electronic mail.

    SEC. 5. [NOTE: 15 USC 7604.] EXPIRATION OF CONTACT LENS PRESCRIPTIONS.

    (a) In General.--A contact lens prescription shall expire--
    (1) on the date specified by the law of the State in which
    the prescription was written, if that date is one year or more
    after the issue date of the prescription;
    (2) not less than one year after the issue date of the
    prescription if such State law specifies no date or a date that
    is less than one year after the issue date of the prescription;
    or
    (3) notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), on the date
    specified by the prescriber, if that date is based on the
    medical judgment of the prescriber with respect to the ocular
    health of the patient.

    [[Page 2026]]
    117 STAT. 2026

    (b) Special Rules for Prescriptions of Less Than 1 Year.--If a
    prescription expires in less than 1 year, the reasons for the judgment
    referred to in subsection (a)(3) shall be documented in the patient's
    medical record. In no circumstance shall the prescription expiration
    date be less than the period of time recommended by the prescriber for a
    reexamination of the patient that is medically necessary.
    (c) Definition.--As used in this section, the term ``issue date''
    means the date on which the patient receives a copy of the prescription.

    SEC. 6. [NOTE: 15 USC 7605.] CONTENT OF ADVERTISEMENTS AND OTHER
    REPRESENTATIONS.

    Any person that engages in the manufacture, processing, assembly,
    sale, offering for sale, or distribution of contact lenses may not
    represent, by advertisement, sales presentation, or otherwise, that
    contact lenses may be obtained without a prescription.

    SEC. 7. [NOTE: 15 USC 7606.] PROHIBITION OF CERTAIN WAIVERS.

    A prescriber may not place on the prescription, or require the
    patient to sign, or deliver to the patient a form or notice waiving or
    disclaiming the liability or responsibility of the prescriber for the
    accuracy of the eye examination. The preceding sentence does not impose
    liability on a prescriber for the ophthalmic goods and services
    dispensed by another seller pursuant to the prescriber's correctly
    verified prescription.

    SEC. 8. [NOTE: 15 USC 7607.] RULEMAKING BY FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION.

    The Federal Trade Commission shall prescribe rules pursuant to
    section 18 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 57a) to carry
    out this Act. Rules so prescribed shall be exempt from the requirements
    of the Magnuson-Moss Warranty--Federal Trade Commission Improvement Act
    (15 U.S.C. 2301 et seq.). Any such regulations shall be issued in
    accordance with section 553 of title 5, United States
    Code. [NOTE: Deadline.]  The first rules under this section shall take
    effect not later than 180 days after the effective date of this Act.

    SEC. 9. [NOTE: 15 USC 7608.] VIOLATIONS.

    (a) In General.--Any violation of this Act or the rules required
    under section 8 shall be treated as a violation of a rule under section
    18 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 57a) regarding unfair
    or deceptive acts or practices.
    (b) Actions by the Commission.--The Federal Trade Commission shall
    enforce this Act in the same manner, by the same means, and with the
    same jurisdiction, powers, and duties as though all applicable terms and
    provisions of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.)
    were incorporated into and made a part of this Act.

    SEC. 10. [NOTE: 15 USC 7609.] STUDY AND REPORT.

    (a) Study.--The Federal Trade Commission shall undertake a study to
    examine the strength of competition in the sale of prescription contact
    lenses. The study shall include an examination of the following issues:
    (1) Incidence of exclusive relationships between prescribers
    or sellers and contact lens manufacturers and the impact of such
    relationships on competition.

    [[Page 2027]]
    117 STAT. 2027

    (2) Difference between online and offline sellers of contact
    lenses, including price, access, and availability.
    (3) Incidence, if any, of contact lens prescriptions that
    specify brand name or custom labeled contact lenses, the reasons
    for the incidence, and the effect on consumers and competition.
    (4) The impact of the Federal Trade Commission eyeglasses
    rule (16 CFR 456 et seq.) on competition, the nature of the
    enforcement of the rule, and how such enforcement has impacted
    competition.
    (5) Any other issue that has an impact on competition in the
    sale of prescription contact lenses.

    (b) [NOTE: Deadline.] Report.--Not later than 12 months after the
    effective date of this Act, the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission
    shall submit to the Congress a report of the study required by
    subsection (a).

    SEC. 11. [NOTE: 15 USC 7610.] DEFINITIONS.

    As used in this Act:
    (1) Contact lens fitting.--The term ``contact lens fitting''
    means the process that begins after the initial eye examination
    and ends when a successful fit has been achieved or, in the case
    of a renewal prescription, ends when the prescriber determines
    that no change in prescription is required, and such term may
    include--
    (A) an examination to determine lens specifications;
    (B) except in the case of a renewal of a
    prescription, an initial evaluation of the fit of the
    lens on the eye; and
    (C) medically necessary follow up examinations.
    (2) Prescriber.--The term ``prescriber'' means, with respect
    to contact lens prescriptions, an ophthalmologist, optometrist,
    or other person permitted under State law to issue prescriptions
    for contact lenses in compliance with any applicable
    requirements established by the Food and Drug Administration.
    (3) Contact lens prescription.--The term ``contact lens
    prescription'' means a prescription, issued in accordance with
    State and Federal law, that contains sufficient information for
    the complete and accurate filling of a prescription, including
    the following:
    (A) Name of the patient.
    (B) Date of examination.
    (C) Issue date and expiration date of prescription.
    (D) Name, postal address, telephone number, and
    facsimile telephone number of prescriber.
    (E) Power, material or manufacturer or both.
    (F) Base curve or appropriate designation.
    (G) Diameter, when appropriate.
    (H) In the case of a private label contact lens,
    name of manufacturer, trade name of private label brand,
    and, if applicable, trade name of equivalent brand name.

    [[Page 2028]]
    117 STAT. 2028

    SEC. 12. [NOTE: 15 USC 7601 note.] EFFECTIVE DATE.

    This Act shall take effect 60 days after the date of the enactment
    of this Act.

    Approved December 6, 2003.

    LEGISLATIVE HISTORY--H.R. 3140:
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    HOUSE REPORTS: No. 108-318 (Comm. on Energy and Commerce).
    CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 149 (2003):
    Nov. 19, considered and passed House.
    Nov. 20, considered and passed Senate.