[United States Senate Manual, 112th Congress]
[S. Doc. 112-1]
[Statistical Data]
[Pages 1345-1359]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]
[[Page 1345]]
1971
SECRETARIES OF STATE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date\1\ President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Thomas Jefferson.................... Sept. 26, 1789 George Washington.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1793 Do.
2. Edmund Randolph..................... Jan. 2, 1794 Do.
3. Timothy Pickering................... Dec. 10, 1795 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1797 John Adams.
4. John Marshall....................... May 13, 1800 Do.
5. James Madison....................... Mar. 5, 1801 Thomas Jefferson.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1805 Do.
6. Robert Smith........................ Mar. 6, 1809 James Madison.
7. James Monroe........................ Nov. 25, 1811 Do.\2\
Do................................ Feb. 28, 1815 Do.
8. John Quincy Adams................... Mar. 5, 1817 James Monroe.
9. Henry Clay.......................... Mar. 7, 1825 John Quincy Adams.
10. Martin Van Buren.................... Mar. 6, 1829 Andrew Jackson.
11. Edward Livingston................... Jan. 12, 1832 Do.\3\
12. Louis McLane........................ May 29, 1833 Do.
13. John Forsyth........................ June 27, 1834 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1837 Martin Van Buren.
14. Daniel Webster...................... Mar. 5, 1841 William H. Harrison.
Do................................ Apr. 6, 1841 John Tyler.
15. Abel P. Upshur...................... Jan. 2, 1844 Do.\4\
16. John C. Calhoun..................... Mar. 6, 1844 Do.
17. James Buchanan...................... Mar. 5, 1845 James K. Polk.
18. John M. Clayton..................... Mar. 7, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
19. Daniel Webster...................... July 20, 1850 Millard Fillmore.
20. Edward Everett...................... Dec. 9, 1852 Do.\5\
21. William L. Marcy.................... Mar. 7, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
22. Lewis Cass.......................... Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
23. Jeremiah S. Black................... Dec. 17, 1860 Do.
24. William H. Seward................... Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
Do............................... ......................... Andrew Johnson.
25. Elihu B. Washburne.................. Mar. 5, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
26. Hamilton Fish....................... Mar. 11, 1869 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
27. William M. Evarts................... Mar. 10, 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes.
28. James G. Blaine..................... Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
29. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen.......... Dec. 12, 1881 Chester A. Arthur.
30. Thomas F. Bayard.................... Mar. 6, 1885 Grover Cleveland.
31. James G. Blaine..................... Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
32. John W. Foster...................... June 29, 1892 Do.
33. Walter Q. Gresham................... Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
34. Richard Olney....................... Dec. 3, 1895 Do.\6\
35. John Sherman........................ Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
36. William R. Day...................... Apr. 26, 1898 Do.
37. John Hay............................ Dec. 7, 1898 Do.\7\
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 6, 1905 Theodore Roosevelt.
38. Elihu Root.......................... Dec. 6, 1905 Do.\8\
39. Robert Bacon........................ Jan. 27, 1909 Do.
40. Philander C. Knox................... Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
41. William Jennings Bryan.............. Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
42. Robert Lansing...................... Dec. 13, 1915 Do.\9\
43. Bainbridge Colby.................... Mar. 22, 1920 Do.
44. Charles Evans Hughes................ Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
45. Frank B. Kellogg.................... Feb. 16, 1925 Do.
46. Henry Lewis Stimson................. Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
47. Cordell Hull........................ Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
48. Edward R. Stettinius, Jr............ Nov. 30, 1944 Do.
49. James F. Byrnes..................... July 2, 1945 Harry S. Truman.
[[Page 1346]]
50. George C. Marshall.................. Jan. 8, 1947 Do.
51. Dean G. Acheson..................... Jan. 18, 1949 Do.
52. John Foster Dulles.................. Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
53. Christian A. Herter................. Apr. 21, 1959 Do.
54. Dean Rusk........................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
Do............................... ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
55. William P. Rogers................... Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
56. Henry A. Kissinger.................. Sept. 20, 1973 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
57. Cyrus Vance......................... Jan. 20, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
58. Edmund S. Muskie.................... May 7, 1980 Do.
59. Alexander Meigs Haig, Jr............ Jan. 21, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
60. George P. Shultz.................... July 15, 1982 Do.
61. James A. Baker III.................. Jan. 25, 1989 George Bush.
62. Lawrence S. Eagleburger............. Dec. 10, 1992 Do.
63. Warren Christopher.................. Jan. 20, 1993 William J. Clinton.
64. Madeleine K. Albright............... Jan. 22, 1997 Do.
65. Colin L. Powell..................... Jan. 20, 2001 George W. Bush.
66. Condoleeza Rice..................... Jan. 26, 2005 Do.
67. Hillary Rodham Clinton.............. Jan. 21, 2009 Barack Obama.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Previous editions of the Senate Manual listed the appointment date for cabinet officers. This edition
provides the Senate's confirmation date. If the cabinet officer was appointed and began service during a
Senate recess, a footnote provides a beginning service date.
\2\Recess appointment; began service April 2, 1811.
\3\Recess appointment; began service May 24, 1831.
\4\Recess appointment; began service July 24, 1843.
\5\Recess appointment; began service Nov. 6, 1852.
\6\Recess appointment; began service June 8, 1895.
\7\Recess appointment; began service Sept. 30, 1898.
\8\Recess appointment; began service July 19, 1905.
\9\Recess appointment; began service June 24, 1915.
1972
SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Alexander Hamilton.................. Sept. 11, 1789 George Washington.
2. Oliver Wolcott, Jr.................. Feb. 3, 1795 Do.
Do............................... ......................... John Adams.
3. Samuel Dexter....................... Dec. 31, 1800 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Thomas Jefferson.
4. Albert Gallatin..................... Jan. 26, 1802 Do.\1\
Do............................... ......................... James Madison.
5. George W. Campbell.................. Feb. 9, 1814 Do.
6. Alexander J. Dallas................. Oct. 6, 1814 Do.
7. William H. Crawford................. Oct. 22, 1816 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1817 James Monroe.
8. Richard Rush........................ Mar. 7, 1825 John Quincy Adams.
9. Samuel D. Ingham.................... Mar. 6, 1829 Andrew Jackson.
10. Louis McLane........................ Jan. 13, 1832 Do.\2\
11. William J. Duane.................... ......................... Do.\3\
12. Roger B. Taney...................... ......................... Do.\4\
13. Levi Woodbury....................... June 27, 1834 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Martin Van Buren.
14. Thomas Ewing........................ Mar. 5, 1841 William H. Harrison.
Do............................... ......................... John Tyler.
15. Walter Forward...................... Sept. 13, 1841 Do.
16. John C. Spencer..................... Mar. 3, 1843 Do.
17. George M. Bibb...................... June 15, 1844 Do.
Do............................... ......................... James K. Polk.
18. Robert J. Walker.................... Mar. 5, 1845 Do.
19. William M. Meredith................. Mar. 7, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
Do............................... ......................... Millard Fillmore.
20. Thomas Corwin....................... July 20, 1850 Do.
21. James Guthrie....................... Mar. 7, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
22. Howell Cobb......................... Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
23. Phillip F. Thomas................... Dec. 12, 1860 Do.
24. John A. Dix......................... Jan. 11, 1861 Do.
25. Salmon P. Chase..................... Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
[[Page 1347]]
26. William Pitt Fessenden.............. July 1, 1864 Do.
27. Hugh McCulloch...................... Mar. 7, 1865 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Andrew Johnson.
28. George S. Boutwell.................. Mar. 11, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
29. William A. Richardson............... Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
30. Benjamin H. Bristow................. June 2, 1874 Do.
31. Lot M. Morrill...................... June 21, 1876 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Rutherford B. Hayes.
32. John Sherman........................ Mar. 8, 1877 Do.
33. William Windom...................... Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
Do............................... ......................... Chester A. Arthur.
34. Charles J. Folger................... Oct. 27, 1881 Do.
35. Walter Q. Gresham................... ......................... Do.\5\
36. Hugh McCulloch...................... Dec. 18, 1884 Do.\6\
Do............................... ......................... Grover Cleveland.
37. Daniel Manning...................... Mar. 6, 1885 Do.
38. Charles S. Fairchild................ Dec. 15, 1887 Do.\7\
Do............................... ......................... Benjamin Harrison.
39. William Windom...................... Mar. 5, 1889 Do.
40. Charles Foster...................... Feb. 24, 1891 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Grover Cleveland.
41. John G. Carlisle.................... Mar. 6, 1893 Do.
Do............................... ......................... William McKinley.
42. Lyman J. Gage....................... Mar. 5, 1897 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
43. Leslie M. Shaw...................... Jan. 9, 1902 Theodore Roosevelt.
Do............................... Mar. 6, 1905 Do.
44. George B. Cortelyou................. Jan. 15, 1907 Do.
45. Franklin MacVeagh................... Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
46. William G. McAdoo................... Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
47. Carter Glass........................ Dec. 6, 1918 Do.
48. David Franklin Houston.............. Jan. 31, 1920 Do.
49. Andrew W. Mellon.................... Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
Do............................... ......................... Herbert C. Hoover.
50. Ogden L. Mills...................... Feb. 10, 1932 Do.
51. William H. Woodin................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
52. Henry Morgenthau, Jr................ Jan. 8, 1934 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Harry S. Truman.
53. Fred M. Vinson...................... July 17, 1945 Do.
54. John W. Snyder...................... June 11, 1946 Do.
55. George M. Humphrey.................. Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
56. Robert B. Anderson.................. July 2, 1957 Do.
57. Douglas Dillon...................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
Do................................ ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
58. Henry H. Fowler..................... Mar. 25, 1965 Do.
59. Joseph W. Barr...................... Dec. 21, 1968 Do.\8\
60. David M. Kennedy.................... Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
61. John B. Connally.................... Feb. 8, 1971 Do.
62. George P. Shultz.................... June 8, 1972 Do.
63. William E. Simon.................... Apr. 30, 1974 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
64. W. Michael Blumenthal............... Jan. 20, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
65. G. William Miller................... Aug. 2, 1979 Do.
66. Donald T. Regan..................... Jan. 21, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
67. James A. Baker, III................. Jan. 29, 1985 Do.
68. Nicholas F. Brady................... Sept. 14, 1988 Do.
Do................................ ......................... George Bush.
69. Lloyd Bentsen....................... Jan. 20, 1993 William J. Clinton.
70. Robert E. Rubin..................... Jan. 10, 1995 Do.
71. Lawrence H. Summers................. July 1, 1999 Do.
72. Paul H. O'Neill..................... Jan. 20, 2001 George W. Bush.
73. John Snow........................... Jan. 30, 2003 Do.
74. Henry Paulson....................... June 28, 2006 Do.
75. Timothy Geithner.................... Jan. 26, 2009 Barack Obama.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Recess appointment. Began service May 14, 1801.
\2\Recess appointment. Began service Aug. 8, 1831.
\3\Recess appointment that was not submitted to the Senate. Duane served from May 29, 1833, to Sept. 23, 1833.
\4\Recess appointment. Began service Sept. 23, 1833, but was rejected by the Senate on Jun. 24, 1834.
[[Page 1348]]
\5\Recess appointment. Served from Sept. 25, 1884, to Oct. 30, 1884.
\6\Recess appointment. Began service on Oct. 31, 1884.
\7\Recess appointment. Began service on Apr. 1, 1887.
\8\Recess appointment. Received new commission Jan. 9, 1969, upon confirmation by the Senate.
1973
SECRETARIES OF DEFENSE*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. James V. Forrestal.................. July 26, 1947 Harry S. Truman.
2. Louis A. Johnson.................... Mar. 23, 1949 Do.
3. George C. Marshall.................. Sept. 20, 1950 Do.
4. Robert A. Lovett.................... Sept. 14, 1951 Do.
5. Charles E. Wilson................... Jan. 26, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
6. Neil Hosler McElroy................. Aug. 19, 1957 Do.
7. Thomas Sovereign Gates, Jr.......... Jan. 26, 1960 Do.
8. Robert S. McNamara.................. Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
Do............................... ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
9. Clark M. Clifford................... Jan. 30, 1968 Do.
10. Melvin R. Laird..................... Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
11. Elliot L. Richardson................ Jan. 29, 1973 Do.
12. James R. Schlesinger................ June 28, 1973 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
13. Donald H. Rumsfeld.................. Nov. 18, 1975 Do.
14. Harold Brown........................ Jan. 20, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
15. Caspar Willard Weinberger........... Jan. 20, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
16. Frank C. Carlucci................... Nov. 20, 1987 Do.
17. Richard B. Cheney................... Mar. 17, 1989 George Bush.
18. Les Aspin........................... Jan. 20, 1993 William J. Clinton.
19. William J. Perry.................... Feb. 3, 1994 Do.
20. William S. Cohen.................... Jan. 22, 1997 Do.
21. Donald H. Rumsfeld.................. Jan. 20, 2001 George W. Bush.
22. Robert Gates........................ Dec. 6, 2006 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Barack Obama.
23. Leon E. Panetta..................... Jan. 21, 2011 Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The National Security Act of 1947, Public Law 253, 80th Cong., approved July 26, 1947, created the office of
Secretary of Defense and merged the War and Navy Departments into the National Military Establishment.
1974
SECRETARIES OF WAR*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Harry Knox.......................... Sept. 12, 1789 George Washington.
2. Timothy Pickering................... Jan. 2, 1795 Do.
3. James McHenry....................... Jan. 27, 1796 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1797 John Adams.
4. Samuel Dexter....................... May 13, 1800 Do.
5. Roger Griswold...................... Feb. 3, 1801 Do.
6. Henry Dearborn...................... Mar. 5, 1801 Thomas Jefferson.
7. William Eustis...................... Mar. 6, 1809 James Madison.
8. John Armstrong...................... Jan. 13, 1813 Do.
9. James Monroe........................ Sept. 27, 1814 Do.
10. William H. Crawford................. Mar. 3, 1815 Do.
11. John C. Calhoun..................... Dec. 15, 1817 James Monroe.\1\
12. James Barbour....................... Mar. 7, 1825 John Quincy Adams.
13. Peter B. Porter..................... May 26, 1828 Do.
14. John H. Eaton....................... Mar. 9, 1829 Andrew Jackson.
15. Lewis Cass.......................... Dec. 30, 1831 Do.\2\
16. Benjamin F. Butter.................. Mar. 3, 1837 Do.\3\
17. Joel R. Poinsett.................... Mar. 7, 1837 Martin Van Buren.
18. John Bell........................... Mar. 5, 1841 William H. Harrison.
Do............................... ......................... John Tyler.
19. John C. Spencer..................... Dec. 20, 1841 Do.
20. James M. Porter..................... ......................... Do.\4\
21. William Wilkins..................... Feb. 15, 1844 Do.
22. William L. Marcy.................... Mar. 5, 1845 James K. Polk.
23. George W. Crawford.................. Mar. 7, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
24. Charles M. Conard................... Aug. 15, 1850 Millard Fillmore.
25. Jefferson Davis..................... Mar. 7, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
26. John B. Floyd....................... Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
27. Joseph Holt......................... Jan. 18, 1861 Do.
[[Page 1349]]
28. Simon Cameron....................... Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
29. Edwin M. Stanton.................... Jan. 15, 1862 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Andrew Johnson.
30. Ulysses S. Grant.................... ......................... Do.\5\
31. John M. Schofield................... May 30, 1868 Do.
32. John A. Rawlins..................... Mar. 11, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
33. William T. Sherman.................. ......................... Do.\6\
34. William W. Belknap.................. Dec. 8, 1869 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
35. Alphonso Taft....................... Mar. 8, 1876 Do.
36. James D. Cameron.................... May 22, 1876 Do.
37. George W. McCrary................... Mar. 10, 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes.
38. Alexander Ramsey.................... Dec. 10, 1879 Do.
39. Robert T. Lincoln................... Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
Do............................... ......................... Chester A. Arthur.
40. William C. Endicott................. Mar. 6, 1885 Grover Cleveland.
41. Redfield Proctor.................... Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
42. Stephen B. Elkins................... Dec. 22, 1891 Do.
43. Daniel S. Lamont.................... Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
44. Russell A. Alger.................... Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
45. Elihu Root.......................... Dec. 6, 1899 Do.\7\
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Theodore Roosevelt.
46. William H. Taft..................... Jan. 11, 1904 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 6, 1905 Do.
47. Luke E. Wright...................... Dec. 9, 1908 Do.\8\
48. Jacob M. Dickinson.................. Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
49. Henry Lewis Stimson................. May 16, 1911 Do.
50. Lindley M. Garrison................. Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
51. Newton D. Baker..................... Mar. 7, 1916 Do.
52. John Wingate Weeks.................. Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
53. Dwight F. Davis..................... Dec. 15, 1925 Do.
54. James William Good.................. Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
55. Patrick J. Hurley................... Dec. 9, 1929 Do.
56. George H. Dern...................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
57. Harry Hines Woodring................ May 6, 1937 Do.
58. Henry Lewis Stimson................. July 9, 1940 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Harry S. Truman.
59. Robert P. Patterson................. Sept. 20, 1945 Do.
60. Kenneth C. Royall................... July 19, 1947 Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The National Security Act of 1947, Public Law 253, 80th Cong., approved July 26, 1947, created the office of
Secretary of Defense and merged the War and Navy Departments into the National Military Establishment.
\1\Recess appointment. Began service on Oct. 8, 1817.
\2\Recess appointment. Began service on Aug. 1, 1831.
\3\Recess appointment. Began service on Oct. 6, 1836.
\4\Recess appointment. Began service on Mar. 8, 1843, but was rejected by the Senate on Jan. 30, 1844.
\5\Recess appointment. Served ad interim from Aug. 12, 1867, to Jan. 12, 1868.
\6\Recess appointment. Began service on Sept. 9, 1869, but nomination not submitted to Senate.
\7\Recess appointment. Began service on Aug. 1, 1899.
\8\Recess appointment. Began service on July 1, 1908.
1975
ATTORNEYS GENERAL
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Edmund Randolph..................... Sept. 26, 1789 George Washington.
2. William Bradford.................... Jan. 27, 1794 Do.
3. Charles Lee......................... Dec. 10, 1795 Do.
Do............................... ......................... John Adams.
4. Levi Lincoln........................ Mar. 5, 1801 Thomas Jefferson.
5. John Breckenridge................... Dec. 23, 1805 Do.\1\
6. Caesar A. Rodney.................... Jan. 20, 1807 Do.
Do............................... ......................... James Madison.
7. William Pinckney.................... Dec. 11, 1811 Do.
8. Richard Rush........................ Feb. 10, 1814 Do.
Do............................... ......................... James Monroe.
9. William Wirt........................ Dec. 15, 1817 Do.\2\
[[Page 1350]]
Do............................... ......................... John Quincy Adams.
10. John M. Berrien..................... Mar. 9, 1829 Andrew Jackson.
11. Roger B. Taney...................... Dec. 27, 1831 Do.\3\
12. Benjamin F. Butler.................. June 24, 1834 Do.\4\
Do............................... ......................... Martin Van Buren.
13. Felix Grundy........................ July 5, 1838 Do.
14. Henry D. Gilpin..................... Jan. 10, 1840 Do.
15. John J. Crittenden.................. Mar. 5, 1841 William H. Harrison.
Do............................... ......................... John Tyler.
16. Hugh S. Legare...................... Sept. 13, 1841 Do.
17. John Nelson......................... Jan. 2, 1844 Do.\5\
18. John Y. Mason....................... Mar. 5, 1845 James K. Polk.
19. Nathan Clifford..................... Dec. 23, 1846 Do.\6\
20. Isaac Toucey........................ June 21, 1848 Do.
21. Reverdy Johnson..................... Mar. 7, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
22. John J. Crittenden.................. July 20, 1850 Millard Fillmore.
23. Caleb Cushing....................... Mar. 7, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
24. Jeremiah S. Black................... Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
25. Edwin M. Stanton.................... Dec. 20, 1860 Do.
26. Edward Bates........................ Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
27. James Speed......................... Dec. 12, 1864 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Andrew Johnson.
28. Henry Stanbery...................... July 23, 1866 Do.\7\
29. William M. Evarts................... July 15, 1868 Do.
30. E. Rockwood Hoar.................... Mar. 5, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
31. Amos T. Ackerman.................... June 23, 1870 Do.
32. George H. Williams.................. Dec. 14, 1871 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
33. Edwards Pierrepont.................. Dec. 9, 1875 Do.\8\
34. Alphonso Taft....................... May 22, 1876 Do.
35. Charles Devens...................... Mar. 10, 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes.
36. Wayne MacVeagh...................... Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
Do............................... ......................... Chester A. Arthur.
37. Benjamin H. Brewster................ Dec. 19, 1881 Do.
38. Augustus H. Garland................. Mar. 6, 1885 Grover Cleveland.
39. William H. H. Miller................ Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
40. Richard Olney....................... Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
41. Judson Harmon....................... Dec. 3, 1895 Do.\9\
42. Joseph McKenna...................... Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
43. John W. Griggs...................... Jan. 25, 1898 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
44. Philander C. Knox................... Dec. 16, 1901 Do.\10\
Do............................... ......................... Theodore Roosevelt.
45. William H. Moody.................... Dec. 7, 1904 Theodore Roosevelt.\11\
Do............................... Mar. 6, 1905 Do.
46. Charles J. Bonaparte................ Dec. 12, 1906 Do.
47. George W. Wickersham................ Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
48. James Clark McReynolds.............. Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
49. Thomas Watt Gregory................. Aug. 29, 1914 Do.
50. A. Mitchell Palmer.................. Aug. 29, 1919 Do.\12\
51. Harry M. Daugherty.................. Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
52. Harlan F. Stone..................... Apr. 7, 1924 Do.
53. John G. Sargent..................... Mar. 17, 1925 Do.
54. William DeWitt Mitchell............. Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
55. Homer S. Cummings................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
56. Frank Murphy........................ Jan. 17, 1939 Do.
57. Robert H. Jackson................... Jan. 16, 1940 Do.
58. Francis Biddle...................... Sept. 5, 1941 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Harry S. Truman.
59. Tom C. Clark........................ June 14, 1945 Harry S. Truman.
60. J. Howard McGrath................... Aug. 18, 1949 Do.
61. James P. McGranery.................. May 20, 1952 Do.
62. Herbert Brownell, Jr................ Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
63. William P. Rogers................... Jan. 27, 1958 Do.
64. Robert F. Kennedy................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
Do............................... ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
65. Nicholas deB. Katzenbach............ Feb. 10, 1965 Do.
66. Ramsey Clark........................ Mar. 2, 1967 Do.
67. John N. Mitchell.................... Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
68. Richard G. Kleindienst.............. June 8, 1972 Do.
[[Page 1351]]
69. Elliot L. Richardson................ May 23, 1973 Do.
70. William B. Saxbe.................... Dec. 17, 1973 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
71. Edward Hirsch Levi.................. Feb. 5, 1975 Do.
72. Griffin B. Bell..................... Jan. 25, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
73. Benjamin R. Civiletti............... Aug. 1, 1979 Do.
74. William French Smith................ Jan. 22, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
75. Edwin Meese III..................... Feb. 23, 1985 Do.
76. Richard L. Thornburgh............... Aug. 11, 1988 Do.
Do............................... ......................... George Bush.
77. William P. Barr..................... Nov. 20, 1991 Do.
78. Janet Reno.......................... Mar. 11, 1993 William J. Clinton.
79. John D. Ashcroft.................... Feb. 1, 2001 George W. Bush.
80. Alberto Gonzales.................... Feb. 3, 2005 Do.
81. Michael Mukasey..................... Nov. 8, 2007 Do.
82. Eric Holder......................... Feb. 2, 2009 Barack Obama.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Recess appointment. Began service Aug. 7, 1805.
\2\Recess appointment. Began service Nov. 15, 1817.
\3\Recess appointment. Began service July 20, 1831.
\4\Recess appointment. Began service Nov. 15, 1833.
\5\Recess appointment. Began service July 1, 1843.
\6\Recess appointment. Began service Oct. 17, 1846.
\7\Stanbery left his position as attorney general to serve as counsel to President Andrew Johnson in his
impeachment trial. When Johnson again nominated Stanbery as attorney general after the trial, the Senate
rejected the nomination.
\8\Recess appointment. Began service May 15, 1875.
\9\Recess appointment. Began service June 11, 1895.
\10\Recess appointment. Began service April 10, 1901.
\11\Recess appointment. Began service July 1, 1904.
\12\Palmer was nominated Feb. 27, 1919, but the Senate failed to act on the nomination. Wilson appointed him as
a recess appointment and he began service on Mar. 5, 1919.
1976
POSTMASTERS GENERAL*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Samuel Osgood....................... Sept. 26, 1789 George Washington.
2. Timothy Pickering................... Nov. 7, 1791 Do.\1\
3. Joseph Habersham.................... Feb. 25, 1795 Do.
Do............................... ......................... John Adams.
Do............................... ......................... Thomas Jefferson.
4. Gideon Granger...................... Jan. 6, 1802 Do.\2\
Do................................ ......................... James Madison.
5. Return J. Meigs, Jr................. Mar. 17, 1814 Do.
Do................................ ......................... James Monroe.
6. John McLean......................... Dec. 9, 1823 Do.\3\
Do................................ ......................... John Quincy Adams.
7. William T. Barry.................... Mar. 9, 1829 Andrew Jackson.
8. Amos Kendall........................ Mar. 15, 1836 Do.\4\
Do................................ ......................... Martin Van Buren.
9. John M. Niles....................... May 18, 1840 Do.
10. Francis Granger..................... Mar. 5, 1841 William H. Harrison.
Do................................ ......................... John Tyler.
11. Charles A. Wickliffe................ Sept. 13, 1841 Do.
12. Cave Johnson........................ Mar. 5, 1845 James K. Polk.
13. Jacob Collamer...................... Mar. 7, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
14. Nathan K. Hall...................... July 20, 1850 Millard Fillmore.
15. Samuel D. Hubbard................... Aug. 31, 1852 Do.
16. James Campbell...................... Mar. 7, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
17. Aaron V. Brown...................... Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
18. Joseph Holt......................... Mar. 9, 1859 Do.
19. Horatio King........................ Feb. 12, 1861 Do.
20. Montgomery Blair.................... Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
21. William Dennison.................... Dec. 8, 1864 Do.
Do................................ Apr. 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson.
22. Alexander W. Randall................ July 25, 1866 Do.
23. John A. Creswell.................... Mar. 5, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
Do................................ Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
24. James W. Marshal.................... ......................... Do.\5\
25. Marshall Jewell..................... Dec. 15, 1874 Do.\6\
[[Page 1352]]
26. James N. Tyner...................... July 12, 1876 Do.
27. David M. Key........................ Mar. 10, 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes.
28. Horace Maynard...................... June 2, 1880 Do.
29. Thomas L. James..................... Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
Do................................ Oct. 27, 1881 Chester A. Arthur.
30. Timothy O. Howe..................... Dec. 20, 1881 Do.
31. Walter Q. Gresham................... Dec. 11, 1883 Do.\7\
32. Frank Hatton........................ Dec. 4, 1884 Do.\8\
33. William F. Vilas.................... Mar. 6, 1885 Grover Cleveland.
34. Don M. Dickinson.................... Jan. 16, 1888 Do.
35. John Wanamaker...................... Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
36. Wilson S. Bissell................... Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
37. William L. Wilson................... Mar. 1, 1895 Do.
38. James A. Gary....................... Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
39. Charles Emory Smith................. Apr. 21, 1898 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
40. Henry C. Payne...................... Jan. 9, 1902 Theodore Roosevelt.
41. Robert J. Wynne..................... Dec. 7, 1904 Do.\9\
42. George B. Cortelyou................. Mar. 6, 1905 Do.
43. George von L. Meyer................. Jan. 15, 1907 Do.\10\
44. Frank H. Hitchcock.................. Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
45. Albert Sidney Burleson.............. Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
Do................................ Jan. 24, 1918 Do.
46. Will H. Hays........................ Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
47. Hubert Work......................... Mar. 2, 1922 Do.
48. Harry S. New........................ Feb. 27, 1923 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
Do................................ Mar. 5, 1925 Do.
49. Walter Folger Brown................. Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
50. James A. Farley..................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
51. Frank C. Walker..................... Sept. 6, 1940 Do.
Do................................ Feb. 5, 1945 Do.
52. Robert E. Hannegan.................. May 7, 1945 Harry S. Truman.
53. Jesse M. Donaldson.................. Dec. 15, 1947 Do.
54. Arthur E. Summerfield............... Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Do................................ Feb. 4, 1957 Do.
55. J. Edward Day....................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
56. John A. Gronouski................... Sept. 24, 1963 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
57. Lawrence F. O'Brien................. Sept. 1, 1965 Do.
58. W. Marvin Watson.................... Apr. 26, 1968 Do.
59. Winton M. Blount.................... Jan. 21, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Post Office Department ceased to exist as a Cabinet Department upon the establishment of the United States
Postal Service, effective July 1, 1971. Winton M. Blount was the last Postmaster General to be appointed by a
President of the United States.
\1\Recess appointment. Began service Aug. 12, 1791.
\2\Recess appointment. Began service Nov. 28, 1791.
\3\Recess appointment. Began service June 26, 1823.
\4\Recess appointment. Began service May 1, 1835.
\5\Recess appointment. Nomination never submitted to Senate. Served July 7, 1874, to Aug. 31, 1874.
\6\Recess appointment. Began service Sept. 1, 1874.
\7\Recess appointment. Began service Apr. 11, 1883.
\8\Recess appointment. Began service Oct. 14, 1884.
\9\Recess appointment. Began service Oct. 10, 1904.
\10\To take effect Mar. 4, 1907.
1977
SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Benjamin Stoddert................... May 21, 1798 John Adams.
Do................................ ......................... Thomas Jefferson.
2. Robert Smith........................ ......................... Do.\1\
3. Paul Hamilton....................... Mar. 7, 1809 James Madison.
4. William Jones....................... Jan. 12, 1813 Do.
5. Benjamin W. Crowninshield........... Dec. 19, 1814 Do.
Do................................ ......................... James Monroe.
6. Smith Thompson...................... Nov. 30, 1818 Do.
7. Samuel L. Southard.................. Dec. 9, 1823 Do.\2\
[[Page 1353]]
Do................................ ......................... John Quincy Adams.
8. John Branch......................... Mar. 9, 1829 Andrew Jackson.
9. Levi Woodbury....................... Dec. 27, 1831 Do.\3\
10. Mahlon Dickerson.................... June 30, 1834 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Martin Van Buren.
11. James K. Paulding................... June 20, 1838 Do.
12. George E. Badger.................... Mar. 5, 1841 William H. Harrison.
Do................................ ......................... John Tyler.
13. Abel P. Upshur...................... Sept. 13, 1841 Do.
14. David Henshaw....................... ......................... Do.\4\
15. Thomas W. Gilmer.................... Feb. 15, 1844 Do.
16. John Y. Mason....................... Mar. 14, 1844 Do.
17. George Bancroft..................... Mar. 10, 1845 James K. Polk.
18. John Y. Mason....................... Dec. 17, 1846 Do.\5\
19. William B. Preston.................. Mar. 7, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
20. William A. Graham................... July 20, 1850 Millard Fillmore.
21. John P. Kennedy..................... July 22, 1852 Do.
22. James C. Dobbin..................... Mar. 7, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
23. Isaac Toucey........................ Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
24. Gideon Welles....................... Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
Do................................ ......................... Andrew Johnson.
25. Adolph E. Borie..................... Mar. 5, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
26. George M. Robeson................... Dec. 8, 1869 Do.\6\
Do................................ Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
27. Richard W. Thompson................. Mar. 10, 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes.
28. Nathan Goff, Jr..................... Jan. 6, 1881 Do.
29. William H. Hunt..................... Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
30. William E. Chandler................. Apr. 12, 1882 Chester A. Arthur.
31. William C. Whitney.................. Mar. 6, 1885 Grover Cleveland.
32. Benjamin F. Tracy................... Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
33. Hilary A. Herbert................... Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
34. John D. Long........................ Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
Do................................ Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
35. William H. Moody.................... Apr. 29, 1902 Theodore Roosevelt.
36. Paul Morton......................... Dec. 7, 1904 Do.\7\
Do................................ Mar. 6, 1905 Do.
37. Charles J. Bonaparte................ Dec. 7, 1905 Theodore Roosevelt.\8\
38. Victor H. Metcalf................... Dec. 12, 1906 Do.
39. Truman H. Newberry.................. Dec. 9, 1908 Do.
40. George von L. Meyer................. Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
41. Josephus Daniels.................... Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
42. Edwin Denby......................... Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do................................ ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
43. Curtis D. Wilbur.................... Mar. 18, 1924 Do.
44. Charles Francis Adams............... Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
45. Claude A. Swanson................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
46. Charles Edison...................... Jan. 11, 1940 Do.
47. Frank Knox.......................... July 10, 1940 Do.
48. James V. Forrestal.................. May 17, 1944 Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Navy and War Departments were merged into the National Military Establishment by Public Law 253, 80th
Cong., approved July 26, 1947.
\1\Recess appointment. Began service July 27, 1801.
\2\Recess appointment. Began service Sept. 16, 1823.
\3\Recess appointment. Began service May 23, 1831.
\4\Recess appointment. Began service July 24, 1843. Rejected by the Senate on Jan. 15, 1844.
\5\Recess appointment. Began service Sept. 9, 1846.
\6\Recess appointment. Began service June 26, 1869.
\7\Recess appointment. Began service July 1, 1904.
\8\Recess appointment. Began service July 1, 1905.
1978
SECRETARIES OF THE INTERIOR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Thomas Ewing........................ Mar. 7, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
2. Thomas M. T. McKennan............... Aug. 15, 1850 Millard Fillmore.
3. Alex H. H. Stuart................... Sept. 12, 1850 Do.
4. Robert McClelland................... Mar. 7, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
5. Jacob Thompson...................... Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
[[Page 1354]]
6. Caleb B. Smith...................... Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
7. John P. Usher....................... Jan. 8, 1863 Do.
Do................................ Apr. 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson.
8. James Harlan........................ May 15, 1865 Do.\1\
9. Orville H. Browning................. July 27, 1866 Do.
10. Jacob D. Cox........................ Mar. 5, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
11. Columbus Delano..................... Dec. 8, 1870 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
12. Zachariah Chandler.................. Dec. 9, 1875 Do.\2\
13. Carl Schurz......................... Mar. 10, 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes.
14. Samuel J. Kirkwood.................. Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
15. Henry M. Teller..................... Apr. 6, 1882 Chester A. Arthur.
16. Lucius Q. C. Lamar.................. Mar. 6, 1885 Grover Cleveland.
17. William F. Vilas.................... Jan. 16, 1888 Do.
18. John W. Noble....................... Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
19. Hoke Smith.......................... Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
20. David R. Francis.................... Jan. 18, 1897 Do.\3\
21. Cornelius N. Bliss.................. Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
22. Ethan Allen Hitchcock............... Dec. 21, 1898 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Theodore Roosevelt.
Do................................ Mar. 6, 1905 Do.
23. James R. Garfield................... Jan. 15, 1907 Do.
24. Richard A. Ballinger................ Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
25. Walter L. Fisher.................... Apr. 17, 1911 Do.
26. Franklin Knight Lane................ Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
27. John Barton Payne................... Feb. 28, 1920 Do.
28. Albert Bacon Fall................... Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
29. Hubert Work......................... Feb. 27, 1923 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
30. Roy O. West......................... July 20, 1928 Do.
31. Ray Lyman Wilbur.................... Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
32. Harold L. Ickes..................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Do................................ ......................... Harry S. Truman.
33. Julius A. Krug...................... Mar. 5, 1946 Do.
34. Oscar L. Chapman.................... Jan. 18, 1950 Do.\4\
35. Douglas McKay....................... Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
36. Frederick A. Seaton................. June 6, 1956 Do.
37. Stewart Lee Udall................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
Do................................ ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
38. Walter J. Hickel.................... Jan. 23, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
39. Rogers C. B. Morton................. Jan. 28, 1971 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
40. Stanley K. Hathaway................. June 11, 1975 Do.
41. Thomas S. Kleppe.................... Oct. 9, 1975 Do.
42. Cecil D. Andrus..................... Jan. 20, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
43. James Gaius Watt.................... Jan. 22, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
44. William P. Clark.................... Nov. 18, 1983 Do.
45. Donald P. Hodel..................... Feb. 6, 1985 Do.
46. Manuel Lujan, Jr.................... Feb. 2, 1989 George Bush.
47. Bruce Babbitt....................... Jan. 21, 1993 William J. Clinton.
48. Gale A. Norton...................... Jan. 30, 2001 George W. Bush.
49. Dirk Kempthorne..................... May 26, 2006 Do.
50. Ken Salazar......................... Jan. 20, 2009 Barack Obama.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Harlan was nominated by Abraham Lincoln and confirmed by the Senate on Mar. 9, 1865, to take effect on May
15, 1865.
\2\Recess appointment. Began service Oct. 19, 1875.
\3\Recess appointment. Began service Sept. 1, 1896.
\4\Recess appointment. Began service Dec. 1, 1949.
1979
SECRETARIES OF AGRICULTURE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Norman J. Coleman................... Feb. 13, 1889 Grover Cleveland.
2. Jeremiah M. Rusk.................... Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
3. Julius Sterling Morton.............. Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
4. James Wilson........................ Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
[[Page 1355]]
Do............................... ......................... Theodore Roosevelt.
Do............................... Mar. 6, 1905 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
5. David Franklin Houston.............. Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
6. Edwin Thomas Meredith............... Jan. 31, 1920 Do.
7. Henry C. Wallace.................... Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
8. Howard M. Gore...................... Dec. 4, 1924 Do.
9. William M. Jardine.................. Feb. 17, 1925 Do.
10. Arthur L. Hyde...................... Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
11. Henry A. Wallace.................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
12. Claude R. Wickard................... Aug. 23, 1940 Do.
13. Clinton P. Anderson................. June 1, 1945 Harry S. Truman.
14. Charles F. Brannan.................. May 28, 1948 Do.
15. Ezra Taft Benson.................... Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
16. Orville L. Freeman.................. Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
Do............................... ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
17. Clifford M. Hardin.................. Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
18. Earl Lauer Butz..................... Dec. 2, 1971 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
19. John A. Knebel...................... Nov. 3, 1976 Do.\1\
20. Bob S. Bergland..................... Jan. 20, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
21. John R. Block....................... Jan. 22, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
22. Richard E. Lyng..................... Mar. 6, 1986 Do.
23. Clayton K. Yeutter.................. Feb. 8, 1989 George Bush.
24. Edward R. Madigan................... Mar. 7, 1991 Do.
25. Mike Espy........................... Jan. 21, 1993 William J. Clinton.
26. Daniel R. Glickman.................. Mar. 30, 1995 Do.
27. Ann M. Veneman...................... Jan. 20, 2001 George W. Bush
28. Mike Johanns........................ Jan. 20, 2005 Do.
29. Edward Schafer...................... Jan. 28, 2008 Do.
30. Tom Vilsack......................... Jan. 20, 2009 Barack Obama.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Recess appointment. Nomination not confirmed by the Senate.
1980
SECRETARIES OF COMMERCE AND LABOR*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. George B. Cortelyou................. Feb. 16, 1903 Theodore Roosevelt.
2. Victor H. Metcalf................... Dec. 7, 1904 Do.\1\
Do............................... Mar. 6, 1905 Do
3. Oscar S. Straus..................... Dec. 12, 1906 Do.
4. Charles Nagel....................... Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Department of Commerce and Labor abolished Mar. 3, 1913.
\1\Recess appointment. Began service July 1, 1904.
1981
SECRETARIES OF COMMERCE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. William C. Redfield................. Mar. 4, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
2. Joshua Wills Alexander.............. Dec. 11, 1919 Do.
3. Herbert C. Hoover................... Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
4. William F. Whiting.................. Dec. 11, 1928 Do.\1\
5. Robert Patterson Lamont............. Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
6. Roy Dikeman Chapin.................. Dec. 14, 1932 Do.\2\
7. Daniel C. Roper..................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
8. Harry L. Hopkins.................... Jan. 23, 1939 Do.
9. Jesse H. Jones...................... Sept. 14, 1940 Do.
10. Henry A. Wallace.................... Mar. 1, 1945 Do.
11. W. Averell Harriman................. Jan. 27, 1947 Harry S. Truman.\3\
12. Charles Sawyer...................... May 5, 1948 Do.
13. Sinclair Weeks...................... Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
14. Lewis L. Strauss.................... ......................... Do.\4\
[[Page 1356]]
15. Frederick Henry Mueller............. Aug. 6, 1959 Do.
16. Luther H. Hodges.................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
Do............................... ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
17. John T. Connor...................... Jan. 15, 1965 Do.
18. Alexander B. Trowbridge............. June 8, 1967 Do.
19. C. R. Smith......................... Mar. 1, 1968 Do.
20. Maurice H. Stans.................... Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
21. Peter G. Peterson................... Feb. 21, 1972 Do.
22. Frederick B. Dent................... Jan. 18, 1973 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
23. Rogers C. B. Morton................. Apr. 25, 1975 Do.
24. Elliot L. Richardson................ Dec. 11, 1975 Do.
25. Juanita M. Kreps.................... Jan. 20, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
26. Philip M. Klutznick................. Dec. 20, 1979 Do.
27. Malcolm Baldrige.................... Jan. 22, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
28. C. William Verity, Jr............... Oct. 13, 1987 Do.
29. Robert A. Mosbacher................. Jan. 31, 1989 George Bush.
30. Barbara H. Franklin................. Feb. 27, 1992 Do.
31. Ronald H. Brown..................... Jan. 21, 1993 William J. Clinton.
32. Michael Kantor...................... ......................... Do.\5\
33. William M. Daley.................... Jan. 30, 1997 Do.
34. Norman Y. Mineta.................... July 20, 2000 Do.
35. Donald L. Evans..................... Jan. 20, 2001 George W. Bush.
36. Carlos Gutierrez.................... Jan. 24, 2005 Do.
37. Gary Locke.......................... Mar. 24, 2009 Barack Obama.
38. John E. Bryson...................... Oct. 20, 2011 Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Recess appointment. Began service Aug. 22, 1928.
\2\Recess appointment. Began service Aug. 8, 1932.
\3\Recess appointment. Began service Oct. 7, 1946.
\4\Recess appointment. Served from Nov. 13, 1958 to June 30, 1958. Nomination rejected by the Senate (June 18,
1959).
\5\Recess appointment. Served from Apr. 12, 1996 to Jan. 21, 1997.
1982
SECRETARIES OF LABOR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. William Bauchop Wilson.............. Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
2. James J. Davis...................... Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
3. William N. Doak..................... Dec. 8, 1930 Herbert C. Hoover.
4. Frances Perkins..................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
5. Lewis B. Schwellenbach.............. May 31, 1945 Harry S. Truman.
6. Maurice J. Tobin.................... Jan. 31, 1949 Do.\1\
7. Martin P. Durkin.................... Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
8. James P. Mitchell................... Jan. 19, 1954 Do.
9. Arthur J. Goldberg.................. Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
10. W. Willard Wirtz.................... Sept. 20, 1962 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
11. George P. Shultz.................... Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
12. James D. Hodgson.................... June 17, 1970 Do.
13. Peter J. Brennan.................... Jan. 31, 1973 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
14. John T. Dunlop...................... Mar. 6, 1975 Do.
15. Willie J. Usery, Jr................. Feb. 4, 1976 Do.
16. Ray Marshall........................ Jan. 26, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
17. Raymond J. Donovan.................. Feb. 3, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
18. William E. Brock III................ April 26, 1985 Do.
19. Ann D. McLaughlin................... Dec. 11, 1987 Do.
20. Elizabeth H. Dole................... Jan. 25, 1989 George Bush.
21. Lynn Martin......................... Feb. 7, 1991 Do.
22. Robert B. Reich..................... Jan. 21, 1993 William J. Clinton.
23. Alexis M. Herman.................... Apr. 30, 1997 Do.
24. Elaine L. Chow...................... Jan. 29, 2001 George W. Bush.
25. Hilda Solis......................... Feb. 24, 2009 Barack Obama.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Recess appointment. Began service on Aug. 13, 1948.
[[Page 1357]]
1983
SECRETARIES OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Oveta Culp Hobby.................... Apr. 10, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
2. Marion B. Folsom.................... July 20, 1955 Do.
3. Arthur S. Flemming.................. July 9, 1958 Do.
4. Abraham Ribicoff.................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
5. Anthony J. Celebrezze............... July 20, 1962 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
6. John W. Gardner..................... Aug. 11, 1965 Do.
7. Wilbur J. Cohen..................... May 9, 1968 Do.
8. Robert H. Finch..................... Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
9. Elliot L. Richardson................ June 15, 1970 Do.
10. Caspar W. Weinberger................ Feb. 8, 1973 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
11. Forrest David Mathews............... July 22, 1975 Do.
12. Joseph A. Califano, Jr.............. Jan. 24, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
13. Patricia Roberts Harris............. July 27, 1979 Do.
14. Richard S. Schweiker................ Jan. 21, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
15. Margaret M. Heckler................. Mar. 7, 1983 Do.
16. Dr. Otis R. Bowen................... Dec. 12, 1985 Do.
17. Dr. Louis W. Sullivan............... Mar. 1, 1989 George Bush.
18. Donna E. Shalala.................... Jan. 21, 1993 William J. Clinton.
19. Tommy G. Thompson................... Jan. 24, 2001 George W. Bush.
20. Michael Leavitt..................... Jan. 26, 2005 Do.
21. Kathleen Sebelius................... Apr. 28, 2009 Barack Obama.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was created by Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953, approved
Apr. 1, 1953 (67 Stat. 18; 5 U.S.C. 623), which, effective Apr. 11, 1953, abolished the Federal Security
Agency and transferred its functions to the new Department. Name changed from Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare effective May 4, 1980, pursuant to Executive Order 12212 of May 2, 1980.
1984
SECRETARIES OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Robert C. Weaver.................... Jan. 17, 1966 Lyndon B. Johnson.
2. Robert C. Wood...................... ......................... Do.\1\
3. George W. Romney.................... Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
4. James T. Lynn....................... Jan. 31, 1973 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
5. Carla Anderson Hills................ Mar. 5, 1975 Do.
6. Patricia Roberts Harris............. Jan. 20, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
7. Moon Landrieu....................... Sept. 12, 1979 Do.
8. Samuel R. Pierce, Jr................ Jan. 22, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
9. Jack Kemp........................... Feb. 2, 1989 George Bush.
10. Henry G. Cisneros................... Jan. 21, 1993 William J. Clinton.
11. Andrew Cuomo........................ Jan. 29, 1997 Do.
12. Mel R. Martinez..................... Jan. 23, 2001 George W. Bush.
13. Alphonso R. Jackson................. Mar. 31, 2004 Do.
14. Steven C. Preston................... June 4, 2008 Do.
15. Shaun Donovan....................... Jan. 20, 2009 Barack Obama.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Housing and Urban Development was created by Public Law 89-174, approved Sept. 9, 1965.
\1\Recess appointment. Served from Jan. 7, 1969 to Jan. 20, 1969.
1985
SECRETARIES OF TRANSPORTATION*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Alan S. Boyd........................ Jan. 17, 1967 Lyndon B. Johnson.
2. John A. Volpe....................... Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
3. Claude S. Brinegar.................. Jan. 18, 1973 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
4. William T. Coleman, Jr.............. Mar. 3, 1975 Do.
5. Brockman Adams...................... Jan. 20, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
6. Neil Goldschmidt.................... Sept. 21, 1979 Do.
7. Andrew L. Lewis, Jr................. Jan. 22, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
8. Elizabeth Hanford Dole.............. Feb. 1, 1983 Do.
9. James H. Burnley IV................. Nov. 30, 1987 Do.
[[Page 1358]]
10. Samuel K. Skinner................... Jan. 31, 1989 George Bush.
11. Andrew H. Card, Jr.................. Feb. 21, 1992 Do.
12. Federico Pena....................... Jan. 21, 1993 William J. Clinton.
13. Rodney E. Slater.................... Feb. 6, 1997 Do.
14. Norman Y. Mineta.................... Jan. 24, 2001 George W. Bush.
15. Mary Peters......................... Sept. 29, 2006 Do.
16. Ray LaHood.......................... Jan. 22, 2009 Barack Obama.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Transportation was created by Public Law 89-670, approved Oct. 15, 1966.
1986
SECRETARIES OF ENERGY*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. James R. Schlesinger................ Aug. 4, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
2. Charles William Duncan, Jr.......... July 31, 1979 Do.
3. James B. Edwards.................... Jan. 22, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
4. Donald P. Hodel..................... Dec. 8, 1982 Do.
5. John S. Herrington.................. Feb. 6, 1985 Do.
6. James D. Watkins.................... Mar. 1, 1989 George Bush.
7. Hazel Rollins O'Leary............... Jan. 21, 1993 William J. Clinton.
8. Frederico Pena...................... Mar. 12, 1997 Do.
9. Bill Richardson..................... July 31, 1998 Do.
10. Spencer Abraham..................... Jan. 20, 2001 George W. Bush.
11. Sam Bodman.......................... Jan. 31, 2005 Do.
12. Steven Chu.......................... Jan. 20, 2009 Barack Obama.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Energy was created by Public Law 95-91, approved Aug. 4, 1977.
1987
SECRETARIES OF EDUCATION*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Shirley Mount Hufstedler............. Nov. 30, 1979 Jimmy Carter.
2. T.H. Bell............................ Jan. 22, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
3. William J. Bennett................... Feb. 6, 1985 Do.
4. Lauro F. Cavazos..................... Sept. 20, 1988 Do.
Do............................... ......................... George Bush.
5. Lamar Alexander...................... Mar. 14, 1991 Do.
6. Richard W. Riley..................... Jan. 21, 1993 William J. Clinton.
7. Roderick R. Paige.................... Jan. 20, 2001 George W. Bush.
8. Margaret Spellings................... Jan. 20, 2005 Do.
9. Arne Duncan.......................... Jan. 20, 2009 Barack Obama.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Education was created by Public Law 96-88, approved Oct. 17, 1979, and became effective May
4, 1980, pursuant to Executive Order 12212 of May 2, 1980.
1988
SECRETARIES OF VETERANS AFFAIRS*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Edward J. Derwinski.................. Mar. 2, 1989 George Bush.
2. Jesse Brown.......................... Jan. 21, 1993 William J. Clinton.
3. Togo D. West, Jr..................... Apr. 28, 1998 Do.\1\
4. Anthony J. Principi.................. Jan. 23, 2001 George W. Bush.
5. Jim Nicholson........................ Jan. 26, 2005 Do.
6. James Peake.......................... Dec. 14, 2007 Do.
7. Eric Shinseki........................ Jan. 20, 2009 Barack Obama.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Veterans Affairs was created by Public Law 100-527, approved Oct. 25, 1988, which abolished
the Veterans Administration and transferred its functions to the new Department, effective Mar. 15, 1989.
\1\Recess appointment. Began service Jan. 2, 1998.
[[Page 1359]]
1989
SECRETARIES OF HOMELAND SECURITY*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Tom Ridge............................ Jan. 22, 2003 George W. Bush.
2. Michael Chertoff..................... Feb. 15, 2005 Do.
3. Janet Napolitano..................... Jan. 20, 2009 Barack Obama.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Created by Public Law 107-296, approved Nov. 25, 2002.
ratification of constitution
ratification of constitution
ratification of constitution
[1990]
[1990]
[1990]