[United States Senate Manual, 107th Congress]
[S. Doc. 107-1]
[Statistical Data]
[Pages 1145-1157]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]



[[Page 1145]]


              
                                                                    1451
 
                                              SECRETARIES OF STATE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Thomas Jefferson....................  Sept. 26, 1789             George Washington.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1793                   Do.
 2. Edmund Randolph.....................  Jan. 2, 1794                   Do.
 3. Timothy Pickering...................  Dec. 10, 1795                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1797               John Adams.
 4. John Marshall.......................  May 13, 1800                   Do.
 5. James Madison.......................  Mar. 5, 1801               Thomas Jefferson.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1805                   Do.
 6. Robert Smith........................  Mar. 6, 1809               James Madison.
 7. James Monroe........................  Apr. 2, 1811                   Do.
      Do................................  Feb. 28, 1815                  Do.
 8. John Quincy Adams...................  Mar. 5, 1817               James Monroe.
      Do................................  Mar. 5, 1821                   Do.
 9. Henry Clay..........................  Mar. 7, 1825               John Quincy Adams.
10. Martin Van Buren....................  Mar. 6, 1829               Andrew Jackson.
11. Edward Livingston...................  May 24, 1831                   Do.
12. Louis McLane........................  May 29, 1833                   Do.
13. John Forsyth........................  June 27, 1834                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1837               Martin Van Buren.
14. Daniel Webster......................  Mar. 5, 1841               William H. Harrison.
      Do................................  Apr. 6, 1841               John Tyler.
15. Abel P. Upshur......................  July 24, 1843                  Do.
16. John C. Calhoun.....................  Mar. 6, 1844                   Do.
17. James Buchanan......................  Mar. 6, 1845               James K. Polk.
18. John M. Clayton.....................  Mar. 7, 1849               Zachary Taylor.
19. Daniel Webster......................  July 22, 1850              Millard Fillmore.
20. Edward Everett......................  Nov. 6, 1852                   Do
21. William L. Marcy....................  Mar. 7, 1853               Franklin Pierce.
22. Lewis Cass..........................  Mar. 6, 1857               James Buchanan.
23. Jeremiah S. Black...................  Dec. 17, 1860                  Do.
24. William H. Seward...................  Mar. 5, 1861               Abraham Lincoln.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1865                   Do.
       Do...............................  Apr. 15, 1865              Andrew Johnson.
25. Elihu B. Washburne..................  Mar. 5, 1869               Ulysses S. Grant.
26. Hamilton Fish.......................  Mar. 11, 1869                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 17, 1873                  Do.
27. William M. Evarts...................  Mar. 12, 1877              Rutherford B. Hayes.
28. James G. Blaine.....................  Mar. 5, 1881               James A. Garfield.
29. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen..........  Dec. 12, 1881              Chester A. Arthur.
30. Thomas F. Bayard....................  Mar. 6, 1885               Grover Cleveland.
31. James G. Blaine.....................  Mar. 5, 1889               Benjamin Harrison.
32. John W. Foster......................  June 29, 1892                  Do.
33. Walter Q. Gresham...................  Mar. 6, 1893               Grover Cleveland.
34. Richard Olney.......................  June 8, 1895                   Do.
35. John Sherman........................  Mar. 5, 1897               William McKinley.
36. William R. Day......................  Apr. 26, 1898                  Do.
37. John Hay............................  Sept. 20, 1898                 Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 5, 1901                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 6, 1905               Theodore Roosevelt.
38. Elihu Root..........................  July 7, 1905                   Do.
39. Robert Bacon........................  Jan. 27, 1909                  Do.
40. Philander C. Knox...................  Mar. 5, 1909               William H. Taft.
41. William Jennings Bryan..............  Mar. 5, 1913               Woodrow Wilson.
42. Robert Lansing......................  June 23, 1915                  Do.
43. Bainbridge Colby....................  Mar. 22, 1920                  Do.
44. Charles Evans Hughes................  Mar. 4, 1921               Warren G. Harding.
       Do...............................  .........................  Calvin Coolidge.
45. Frank B. Kellogg....................  Feb. 18, 1925                  Do.
46. Henry Lewis Stimson.................  Mar. 5, 1929               Herbert C. Hoover.
47. Cordell Hull........................  Mar. 4, 1933               Franklin D. Roosevelt.

[[Page 1146]]


48. Edward R. Stettinius, Jr............  Nov. 30, 1944                  Do.
49. James F. Byrnes.....................  July 2, 1945               Harry S. Truman.
50. George C. Marshall..................  Jan. 8, 1947                   Do.
51. Dean G. Acheson.....................  Jan. 19, 1949                  Do.
52. John Foster Dulles..................  Jan. 21, 1953              Dwight D. Eisenhower.
53. Christian A. Herter.................  Apr. 21, 1959                  Do.
54. Dean Rusk...........................  Jan. 21, 1961              John F. Kennedy.
       Do...............................  .........................  Lyndon B. Johnson.
55. William P. Rogers...................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
56. Henry A. Kissinger..................  Sept. 21, 1973                 Do.
      Do................................  .........................  Gerald R. Ford.
57. Cyrus Vance.........................  Jan. 21, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
58. Edmund S. Muskie....................  May 8, 1980                    Do.
59. Alexander Meigs Haig, Jr............  Jan. 22, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
60. George P. Shultz....................  July 16, 1982                  Do.
61. James A. Baker III..................  Jan. 27, 1989              George Bush.
62. Lawrence S. Eagleburger.............  Dec. 10, 1992                  Do.
63. Warren Christopher..................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
64. Madeleine K. Albright...............  Jan. 23, 1997                  Do.
65. Colin L. Powell.....................  Jan. 22, 2001              George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


            1452

                                           SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Alexander Hamilton..................  Sept. 11, 1789             George Washington.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1793                   Do.
 2. Oliver Wolcott, Jr..................  Feb. 2, 1795                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1797               John Adams.
 3. Samuel Dexter.......................  Jan. 1, 1801                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1801               Thomas Jefferson.
 4. Albert Gallatin.....................  May 14, 1801                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1805                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1809               James Madison.
 5. George W. Campbell..................  Feb. 9, 1814                   Do.
 6. Alexander J. Dallas.................  Oct. 6, 1814                   Do.
 7. William H. Crawford.................  Oct. 22, 1816                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 5, 1817               James Monroe.
       Do...............................  Mar. 5, 1821                   Do.
 8. Richard Rush........................  Mar. 7, 1825               John Quincy Adams.
 9. Samuel D. Ingham....................  Mar. 6, 1829               Andrew Jackson.
10. Louis McLane........................  Aug. 8, 1831                   Do.
11. William J. Duane....................  May 29, 1833                   Do.
12. Roger B. Taney......................  Sept. 23, 1833                 Do.
13. Levi Woodbury.......................  June 27, 1834                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1837               Martin Van Buren.
14. Thomas Ewing........................  Mar. 5, 1841               William H. Harrison.
       Do...............................  Apr. 6, 1841               John Tyler.
15. Walter Forward......................  Sept. 13, 1841                 Do.
16. John C. Spencer.....................  Mar. 3, 1843                   Do.
17. George M. Bibb......................  June 15, 1844                  Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  James K. Polk.
18. Robert J. Walker....................  Mar. 6, 1845                   Do.
19. William M. Meredith.................  Mar. 8, 1849               Zachary Taylor.
       Do...............................  .........................  Millard Fillmore.
20. Thomas Corwin.......................  July 23, 1850                  Do.
21. James Guthrie.......................  Mar. 7, 1853               Franklin Pierce.
22. Howell Cobb.........................  Mar. 6, 1857               James Buchanan.
23. Phillip F. Thomas...................  Dec. 12, 1860                  Do.
24. John A. Dix.........................  Jan. 11, 1861                  Do.
25. Salmon P. Chase.....................  Mar. 5, 1861               Abraham Lincoln.
26. William Pitt Fessenden..............  July 1, 1864                   Do.
27. Hugh McCulloch......................  Mar. 7, 1865                   Do.
       Do...............................  Apr. 15, 1865              Andrew Johnson.
28. George S. Boutwell..................  Mar. 11, 1869              Ulysses S. Grant.
29. William A. Richardson...............  Mar. 17, 1873                  Do.
30. Benjamin H. Bristow.................  June 2, 1874                   Do.
31. Lot M. Morrill......................  June 21, 1876                  Do.
       Do...............................  June 21, 1876              Rutherford B. Hayes.

[[Page 1147]]


32. John Sherman........................  Mar. 8, 1877                   Do.
33. William Windom......................  Mar. 5, 1881               James A. Garfield.
34. Charles J. Folger...................  Oct. 27, 1881              Chester A. Arthur.
35. Walter Q. Gresham...................  Sept. 24, 1884                 Do.
36. Hugh McCulloch......................  Oct. 28, 1884                  Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Grover Cleveland.
37. Daniel Manning......................  Mar. 6, 1885                   Do.
38. Charles S. Fairchild................  Apr. 1, 1887                   Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Benjamin Harrison.
39. William Windom......................  Mar. 5, 1889                   Do.
40. Charles Foster......................  Feb. 24, 1891                  Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Grover Cleveland.
41. John G. Carlisle....................  Mar. 6, 1893                   Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  William McKinley.
42. Lyman J. Gage.......................  Mar. 5, 1897                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 5, 1901                   Do.
43. Leslie M. Shaw......................  Jan. 9, 1902               Theodore Roosevelt.
       Do...............................  Mar. 6, 1905                   Do.
44. George B. Cortelyou.................  Mar. 4, 1907                   Do.
45. Franklin MacVeagh...................  Mar. 5, 1909               William H. Taft.
46. William G. McAdoo...................  Mar. 5, 1913               Woodrow Wilson.
47. Carter Glass........................  Dec. 6, 1918                   Do.
48. David Franklin Houston..............  Jan. 31, 1920                  Do.
49. Andrew W. Mellon....................  Mar. 4, 1921               Warren G. Harding.
       Do...............................  .........................  Calvin Coolidge.
       Do...............................  .........................  Herbert C. Hoover.
50. Ogden L. Mills......................  Feb. 10, 1932                  Do.
51. William H. Woodin...................  Mar. 4, 1933               Franklin D. Roosevelt.
52. Henry Morgenthau, Jr................  Jan. 1, 1934                   Do.
      Do................................  .........................  Harry S. Truman.
53. Fred M. Vinson......................  July 18, 1945                  Do.
54. John W. Snyder......................  June 12, 1946                  Do.
55. George M. Humphrey..................  Jan. 21, 1953              Dwight D. Eisenhower.
56. Robert B. Anderson..................  July 29, 1957                  Do.
57. Douglas Dillon......................  Jan. 21, 1961              John F. Kennedy.
58. Henry H. Fowler.....................  Apr. 1, 1965               Lyndon B. Johnson.
59. Joseph W. Barr\1\...................  Dec. 21, 1968                  Do.
60. David M. Kennedy....................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
61. John B. Connally....................  Feb. 11, 1971                  Do.
62. George P. Shultz....................  June 12, 1972                  Do.
63. William E. Simon....................  May 7, 1974                    Do.
      Do................................  .........................  Gerald R. Ford.
64. W. Michael Blumenthal...............  Jan. 21, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
65. G. William Miller...................  Aug. 6, 1979                   Do.
66. Donald T. Regan.....................  Jan. 22, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
67. James A. Baker, III.................  Feb. 3, 1985                   Do.
68. Nicholas F. Brady...................  Sept. 15, 1988                 Do.
      Do................................  .........................  George Bush.
69. Lloyd Bentsen.......................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
70. Robert E. Rubin.....................  Jan. 10, 1995                  Do.
71. Lawrence H. Summers.................  July 2, 1999                   Do.
72. Paul H. O'Neill.....................  Jan. 22, 2001              George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Recess appointment. Received new commission Jan. 9, 1969, upon confirmation by the Senate.


                                                                    1453

                                             SECRETARIES OF DEFENSE*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. James V. Forrestal..................  July 28, 1947              Harry S. Truman.
 2. Louis A. Johnson....................  Mar. 23, 1949                  Do.
 3. George C. Marshall..................  Sept. 20, 1950                 Do.
 4. Robert A. Lovett....................  Sept. 14, 1951                 Do.
 5. Charles E. Wilson...................  Jan. 26, 1953              Dwight D. Eisenhower.
 6. Neil Hosler McElroy.................  Oct. 4, 1957                   Do.
 7. Thomas Sovereign Gates, Jr..........  Dec. 1, 1959                   Do.
 8. Robert S. McNamara..................  Jan. 21, 1961              John F. Kennedy.
       Do...............................  .........................  Lyndon B. Johnson.
 9. Clark M. Clifford...................  Mar. 1, 1968                   Do.
10. Melvin R. Laird.....................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.

[[Page 1148]]


11. Elliot L. Richardson................  Feb. 2, 1973                   Do.
12. James R. Schlesinger................  June 29, 1973                  Do.
       Do...............................  June 29, 1973              Gerald R. Ford.
13. Donald Rumsfeld.....................  Nov. 18, 1975                  Do.
14. Harold Brown........................  Jan. 21, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
15. Caspar Willard Weinberger...........  Jan. 20, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
16. Frank C. Carlucci...................  Nov. 23, 1987                  Do.
17. Richard B. Cheney...................  Mar. 17, 1989              George Bush.
18. Les Aspin...........................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
19. William J. Perry....................  Feb. 3, 1994                   Do.
20. William S. Cohen....................  Jan. 24, 1997                  Do.
21. Donald H. Rumsfeld..................  Jan. 22, 2001              George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The National Security Act of 1947, Public Law 253, 80th Cong., approved July 26, 1947, created the office of
  Secretary of Defense and merged the War and Navy Departments into the National Military Establishment.


            1454

                                               SECRETARIES OF WAR*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Harry Knox..........................  Sept. 12, 1789             George Washington.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1793                   Do.
 2. Timothy Pickering...................  Jan. 2, 1795                   Do.
 3. James McHenry.......................  Jan. 27, 1796                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1797               John Adams.
 4. Samuel Dexter.......................  May 13, 1800                   Do.
 5. Roger Griswold......................  Feb. 3, 1801                   Do.
 6. Henry Dearborn......................  Mar. 5, 1801               Thomas Jefferson.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1805                   Do.
 7. William Eustis......................  Mar. 7, 1809               James Madison.
 8. John Armstrong......................  Jan. 13, 1813                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1813                   Do.
 9. James Monroe........................  Sept. 27, 1814                 Do.
10. William H. Crawford.................  Aug. 1, 1815                   Do.
11. George Graham.......................  Apr. 7, 1817               James Monroe.
12. John C. Calhoun.....................  Oct. 8, 1817                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 5, 1821                   Do.
13. James Barbour.......................  Mar. 7, 1825               John Quincy Adams.
14. Peter B. Porter.....................  May 26, 1828                   Do.
15. John H. Eaton.......................  Mar. 9, 1829               Andrew Jackson.
16. Lewis Cass..........................  Aug. 1, 1831                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1833                   Do.
17. Joel R. Poinsett....................  Mar. 7, 1837               Martin Van Buren.
18. John Bell...........................  Mar. 5, 1841               William H. Harrison.
       Do...............................  Apr. 6, 1841               John Tyler.
19. John McLean.........................  Sept. 13, 1841                 Do.
20. John C. Spencer.....................  Oct. 12, 1841                  Do.
21. James M. Porter.....................  Mar. 8, 1843                   Do.
22. William Wilkins.....................  Feb. 15, 1844                  Do.
23. William L. Marcy....................  Mar. 6, 1845               James K. Polk.
24. George W. Crawford..................  Mar. 8, 1849               Zachary Taylor.
25. Charles M. Conard...................  Aug. 15, 1850              Millard Fillmore.
26. Jefferson Davis.....................  Mar. 17, 1853              Franklin Pierce.
27. John B. Floyd.......................  Mar. 6, 1857               James Buchanan.
28. Joseph Holt.........................  Jan. 18, 1861                  Do.
29. Simon Cameron.......................  Mar. 5, 1861               Abraham Lincoln.
30. Edwin M. Stanton....................  Jan. 15, 1862                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1865                   Do.
       Do...............................  Apr. 15, 1865              Andrew Johnson.
31. Ulysses S. Grant....................  Aug. 12, 1867                  Do.
32. Lorenzo Thomas......................  Feb. 21, 1868                  Do.
33. John M. Schofield...................  May 28, 1868                   Do.
34. John A. Rawlins.....................  Mar. 11, 1869              Ulysses S. Grant.
William T. Sherman......................  Sept. 9, 1869                  Do.
35. William W. Belknap..................  Oct. 25, 1869                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 17, 1873                  Do.
36. Alphonso Taft.......................  Mar. 8, 1876                   Do.
37. James D. Cameron....................  May 22, 1876                   Do.
38. George W. McCrary...................  Mar. 12, 1877              Rutherford B. Hayes.

[[Page 1149]]


39. Alexander Ramsey....................  Dec. 10, 1879                  Do.
40. Robert T. Lincoln...................  Mar. 5, 1881               James A. Garfield.
       Do...............................  Sept. 20, 1881             Chester A. Arthur.
41. William C. Endicott.................  Mar. 6, 1885               Grover Cleveland.
42. Redfield Proctor....................  Mar. 5, 1889               Benjamin Harrison.
43. Stephen B. Elkins...................  Dec. 22, 1891                  Do.
44. Daniel S. Lamont....................  Mar. 6, 1893               Grover Cleveland.
45. Russell A. Alger....................  Mar. 5, 1897               William McKinley.
46. Elihu Root..........................  Aug. 1, 1899                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 5, 1901                   Do.
47. William H. Taft.....................  Feb. 1, 1904               Theodore Roosevelt.
       Do...............................  Mar. 6, 1905                   Do.
48. Luke E. Wright......................  June 29, 1908                  Do.
49. Jacob M. Dickinson..................  Mar. 5, 1909               William H. Taft.
50. Henry Lewis Stimson.................  May 16, 1911                   Do.
51. Lindley M. Garrison.................  Mar. 5, 1913               Woodrow Wilson.
52. Newton D. Baker.....................  Mar. 7, 1916                   Do.
53. John Wingate Weeks..................  Mar. 5, 1921               Warren G. Harding.
       Do...............................  .........................  Calvin Coolidge.
54. Dwight F. Davis.....................  Oct. 13, 1925                  Do.
55. James William Good..................  Mar. 5, 1929               Herbert C. Hoover.
56. Patrick J. Hurley...................  Dec. 9, 1929                   Do.
57. George H. Dern......................  Mar. 4, 1933               Franklin D. Roosevelt.
58. Harry Hines Woodring................  Sept. 25, 1936                 Do.
59. Henry Lewis Stimson.................  July 10, 1940                  Do.
60. Robert P. Patterson.................  Sept. 26, 1945             Harry S. Truman.
61. Kenneth C. Royall...................  July 21, 1947                  Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The National Security Act of 1947, Public Law 253, 80th Cong., approved July 26, 1947, created the office of
  Secretary of Defense and merged the War and Navy Departments into the National Military Establishment.


                                                                    1455

                                                ATTORNEYS GENERAL
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Edmund Randolph.....................  Sept. 26, 1789             George Washington.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1793                   Do.
 2. William Bradford....................  Jan. 27, 1794                  Do.
 3. Charles Lee.........................  Dec. 10, 1795                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1797               John Adams.
 4. Theophilus Parsons (declined).......  Feb. 20, 1801                  Do.
 5. Levi Lincoln........................  Mar. 5, 1801               Thomas Jefferson.
 6. Robert Smith\1\.....................  Mar. 3, 1805                   Do.
 7. John Breckenridge...................  Aug. 7, 1805                   Do.
 8. Caesar A. Rodney....................  Jan. 20, 1807                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1809               James Madison.
 9. William Pinckney....................  Dec. 11, 1811                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1813                   Do.
10. Richard Rush........................  Feb. 10, 1814                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1817               James Monroe.
11. William Wirt........................  Nov. 13, 1817                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 5, 1821                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1825               John Quincy Adams.
12. John M. Berrien.....................  Mar. 9, 1829               Andrew Jackson.
13. Roger B. Taney......................  July 20, 1831                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1833                   Do.
14. Benjamin F. Butler..................  Nov. 15, 1833                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1837               Martin Van Buren.
15. Felix Grundy........................  July 5, 1838                   Do.
16. Henry D. Gilpin.....................  Jan. 11, 1840                  Do.
17. John J. Crittenden..................  Mar. 5, 1841               William H. Harrison.
       Do...............................  Apr. 6, 1841               John Tyler.
18. Hugh S. Legare......................  Sept. 13, 1841                 Do.
19. John Nelson.........................  July 1, 1843                   Do.
20. John Y. Mason.......................  Mar. 6, 1845               James K. Polk.
21. Nathan Clifford.....................  Oct. 17, 1846                  Do.
22. Isaac Toucey........................  June 21, 1848                  Do.
23. Reverdy Johnson.....................  Mar. 8, 1849               Zachary Taylor.
24. John J. Crittenden..................  July 22, 1850              Millard Fillmore.

[[Page 1150]]


25. Caleb Cushing.......................  Mar. 7, 1853               Franklin Pierce.
26. Jeremiah S. Black...................  Mar. 6, 1857               James Buchanan.
27. Edwin M. Stanton....................  Dec. 20, 1860                  Do.
28. Edward Bates........................  Mar. 5, 1861               Abraham Lincoln.
29. Titian J. Coffey\2\.................  June 22, 1863                  Do.
30. James Speed.........................  Dec. 2, 1864                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1865                   Do.
       Do...............................  Apr. 15, 1865              Andrew Johnson.
31. Henry Stanbery......................  July 23, 1866                  Do.
32. William M. Evarts...................  July 15, 1868                  Do.
33. E. Rockwood Hoar....................  Mar. 5, 1869               Ulysses S. Grant.
34. Amos T. Ackerman....................  June 23, 1870                  Do.
35. George H. Williams..................  Dec. 14, 1871                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 17, 1873                  Do.
36. Edwards Pierrepont..................  Apr. 26, 1875                  Do.
37. Alphonso Taft.......................  May 22, 1876                   Do.
38. Charles Devens......................  Mar. 12, 1877              Rutherford B. Hayes.
39. Wayne MacVeagh......................  Mar. 5, 1881               James A. Garfield.
40. Benjamin H. Brewster................  Dec. 19, 1881              Chester A. Arthur.
41. Augustus H. Garland.................  Mar. 6, 1885               Grover Cleveland.
42. William H. H. Miller................  Mar. 5, 1889               Benjamin Harrison.
43. Richard Olney.......................  Mar. 6, 1893               Grover Cleveland.
44. Judson Harmon.......................  June 8, 1895                   Do.
45. Joseph McKenna......................  Mar. 5, 1897               William McKinley.
46. John W. Griggs......................  Jan. 25, 1898                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 5, 1901                   Do.
47. Philander C. Knox...................  Apr. 5, 1901                   Do.
48. William H. Moody....................  July 1, 1904               Theodore Roosevelt.
       Do...............................  Mar. 6, 1905                   Do.
49. Charles J. Bonaparte................  Dec. 12, 1906                  Do.
50. George W. Wickersham................  Mar. 5, 1909               William H. Taft.
51. James Clark McReynolds..............  Mar. 5, 1913               Woodrow Wilson.
52. Thomas Watt Gregory.................  Aug. 29, 1914                  Do.
53. A. Mitchell Palmer..................  Mar. 5, 1919                   Do.
54. Harry M. Daugherty..................  Mar. 5, 1921               Warren G. Harding.
       Do...............................  .........................  Calvin Coolidge.
55. Harlan F. Stone.....................  Apr. 7, 1924                   Do.
56. John G. Sargent.....................  Mar. 18, 1925                  Do.
57. William DeWitt Mitchell.............  Mar. 5, 1929               Herbert C. Hoover.
58. Homer S. Cummings...................  Mar. 4, 1933               Franklin D. Roosevelt.
59. Frank Murphy........................  Jan. 2, 1939                   Do.
60. Robert H. Jackson...................  Jan. 18, 1940                  Do.
61. Francis Biddle......................  Sept. 5, 1941                  Do.
62. Tom C. Clark........................  June 15, 1945              Harry S. Truman.
63. J. Howard McGrath...................  Aug. 19, 1949                  Do.
64. James P. McGranery..................  May 21, 1952                   Do.
65. Herbert Brownell, Jr................  Jan. 21, 1953              Dwight D. Eisenhower.
66. William P. Rogers...................  Jan. 27, 1958                  Do.
67. Robert F. Kennedy...................  Jan. 21, 1961              John F. Kennedy.
       Do...............................  .........................  Lyndon B. Johnson.
68. Nicholas deB. Katzenbach............  Feb. 11, 1965                  Do.
69. Ramsey Clark........................  Mar. 2, 1967                   Do.
70. John N. Mitchell....................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
71. Richard G. Kleindienst..............  June 12, 1972                  Do.
72. Elliot L. Richardson................  May 24, 1973                   Do.
73. William B. Saxbe....................  Jan. 4, 1974                   Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Gerald R. Ford.
74. Edward Hirsch Levi..................  Feb. 6, 1975                   Do.
75. Griffin B. Bell.....................  Jan. 26, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
76. Benjamin R. Civiletti...............  Aug. 16, 1979                  Do.
77. William French Smith................  Jan. 23, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
78. Edwin Meese III.....................  Feb. 23, 1985                  Do.
79. Richard L. Thornburgh...............  Aug. 12, 1988                  Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  George Bush.
80. William P. Barr.....................  Nov. 26, 1991                  Do.
81. Janet Reno..........................  Mar. 12, 1993              William J. Clinton.
82. John D. Ashcroft....................  Feb. 1, 2001               George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Appointed, but did not serve.
\2\Appointed Assistant Attorney General.



[[Page 1151]]

                                                                    1456

                                              POSTMASTERS GENERAL*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Samuel Osgood.......................  Sept. 26, 1789             George Washington.
 2. Timothy Pickering...................  Aug. 12, 1791                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1793                   Do.
 3. Joseph Habersham....................  Feb. 25, 1795                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1797               John Adams.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1801               Thomas Jefferson.
 4. Gideon Granger......................  Nov. 28, 1801                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1805                   Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1809               James Madison.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1813                   Do.
 5. Return J. Meigs, Jr.................  Mar. 17, 1814                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1817               James Monroe.
      Do................................  Mar. 5, 1821                   Do.
 6. John McLean.........................  June 26, 1823                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1825               John Quincy Adams.
 7. William T. Barry....................  Mar. 9, 1829               Andrew Jackson.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1833                   Do.
 8. Amos Kendall........................  May 1, 1835                    Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1837               Martin Van Buren.
 9. John M. Niles.......................  May 19, 1840                   Do.
10. Francis Granger.....................  Mar. 6, 1841               William H. Harrison.
      Do................................  Apr. 6, 1841               John Tyler.
11. Charles A. Wickliffe................  Sept. 13, 1841                 Do.
12. Cave Johnson........................  Mar. 6, 1845               James K. Polk.
13. Jacob Collamer......................  Mar. 8, 1849               Zachary Taylor.
14. Nathan K. Hall......................  July 23, 1850              Millard Fillmore.
15. Samuel D. Hubbard...................  Aug. 31, 1852                  Do.
16. James Campbell......................  Mar. 7, 1853               Franklin Pierce.
17. Aaron V. Brown......................  Mar. 6, 1857               James Buchanan.
18. Joseph Holt.........................  Mar. 14, 1859                  Do.
19. Horatio King........................  Feb. 12, 1861                  Do.
20. Montgomery Blair....................  Mar. 5, 1861               Abraham Lincoln.
21. William Dennison....................  Sept. 24, 1864                 Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1865                   Do.
      Do................................  Apr. 15, 1865              Andrew Johnson.
22. Alexander W. Randall................  July 25, 1866                  Do.
23. John A. Creswell....................  Mar. 5, 1869               Ulysses S. Grant.
      Do................................  Mar. 17, 1873                  Do.
   James W. Marshal.....................  July 3, 1874                   Do.
24. Marshall Jewell.....................  Aug. 24, 1874                  Do.
25. James N. Tyner......................  July 12, 1876                  Do.
26. David M. Key........................  Mar. 12, 1877              Rutherford B. Hayes.
27. Horace Maynard......................  June 2, 1880                   Do.
28. Thomas L. James.....................  Mar. 5, 1881               James A. Garfield.
      Do................................  Oct. 27, 1881              Chester A. Arthur.
29. Timothy O. Howe.....................  Dec. 20, 1881                  Do.
30. Walter Q. Gresham...................  Apr. 3, 1883                   Do.
31. Frank Hatton........................  Oct. 14, 1884                  Do.
32. William F. Vilas....................  Mar. 6, 1885               Grover Cleveland.
33. Don M. Dickinson....................  Jan. 16, 1888                  Do.
34. John Wanamaker......................  Mar. 5, 1889               Benjamin Harrison.
35. Wilson S. Bissell...................  Mar. 6, 1893               Grover Cleveland.
36. William L. Wilson...................  Mar. 1, 1895                   Do.
37. James A. Gary.......................  Mar. 5, 1897               William McKinley.
38. Charles Emory Smith.................  Apr. 21, 1898                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 5, 1901                   Do.
39. Henry C. Payne......................  Jan. 9, 1902               Theodore Roosevelt.
40. Robert J. Wynne.....................  Oct. 10, 1904                  Do.
41. George B. Cortelyou.................  Mar. 6, 1905                   Do.
42. George von L. Meyer.................  Mar. 4, 1907                   Do.
43. Frank H. Hitchcock..................  Mar. 5, 1909               William H. Taft.
44. Albert Sidney Burleson..............  Mar. 5, 1913               Woodrow Wilson.
45. Will H. Hays........................  Mar. 5, 1921               Warren G. Harding.
46. Hubert Work.........................  Mar. 4, 1922                   Do.
47. Harry S. New........................  Feb. 27, 1923                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 5, 1925               Calvin Coolidge.
48. Walter Folger Brown.................  Mar. 5, 1929               Herbert C. Hoover.
49. James A. Farley.....................  Mar. 4, 1933               Franklin D. Roosevelt.
50. Frank C. Walker.....................  Sept. 11, 1940                 Do.
51. Robert E. Hannegan..................  May 8, 1945                Harry S. Truman.
52. Jesse M. Donaldson..................  Dec. 16, 1947                  Do.
53. Arthur E. Summerfield...............  Jan. 21, 1953              Dwight D. Eisenhower.

[[Page 1152]]


54. J. Edward Day.......................  Jan. 21, 1961              John F. Kennedy.
55. John A. Gronouski...................  Sept. 30, 1963                 Do.
      Do................................  .........................  Lyndon B. Johnson.
56. Lawrence F. O'Brien.................  Nov. 3, 1965                   Do.
57. W. Marvin Watson....................  Apr. 26, 1968                  Do.
58. Winton M. Blount....................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Post Office Department ceased to exist as a Cabinet Department upon the establishment of the United States
  Postal Service, effective July 1, 1971. Winton M. Blount was the last Postmaster General to be appointed by a
  President of the United States.


            1457

                                            SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Benjamin Stoddert...................  May 21, 1798               John Adams.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1801               Thomas Jefferson.
 2. Robert Smith........................  July 15, 1801                  Do.
 3. Jacob Crowninshield\1\..............  Mar. 3, 1805                   Do.
 4. Paul Hamilton.......................  Mar. 7, 1809               James Madison.
 5. William Jones.......................  Jan. 12, 1813                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1813                   Do.
 6. Benjamin W. Crowninshield...........  Dec. 19, 1814                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1817               James Monroe.
 7. Smith Thompson......................  Nov. 9, 1818                   Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 5, 1821                   Do.
 8. Samuel L. Southard..................  Sept. 18, 1823                 Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1825               John Quincy Adams.
 9. John Branch.........................  Mar. 9, 1829               Andrew Jackson.
10. Levi Woodbury.......................  May 23, 1831                   Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1833                   Do.
11. Mahlon Dickerson....................  June 30, 1834                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1837               Martin Van Buren.
12. James K. Paulding...................  June 25, 1838                  Do.
13. George E. Badger....................  Mar. 5, 1841               William H. Harrison.
      Do................................  Apr. 6, 1841               John Tyler.
14. Abel P. Upshur......................  Sept. 13, 1841                 Do.
15. David Henshaw.......................  July 24, 1843                  Do.
16. Thomas W. Gilmer....................  Feb. 15, 1844                  Do.
17. John Y. Mason.......................  Mar. 14, 1844                  Do.
18. George Bancroft.....................  Mar. 10, 1845              James K. Polk.
19. John Y. Mason.......................  Sept. 9, 1846                  Do.
20. William B. Preston..................  Mar. 8, 1849               Zachary Taylor.
21. William A. Graham...................  July 22, 1850              Millard Fillmore.
22. John P. Kennedy.....................  July 22, 1852                  Do.
23. James C. Dobbin.....................  Mar. 7, 1853               Franklin Pierce.
24. Isaac Toucey........................  Mar. 6, 1857               James Buchanan.
25. Gideon Welles.......................  Mar. 5, 1861               Abraham Lincoln.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1865                   Do.
      Do................................  Apr. 15, 1865              Andrew Johnson.
26. Adolph E. Borie.....................  Mar. 5, 1869               Ulysses S. Grant.
27. George M. Robeson...................  June 25, 1869                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 17, 1873                  Do.
28. Richard W. Thompson.................  Mar. 12, 1877              Rutherford B. Hayes.
29. Nathan Goff, Jr.....................  Jan. 6, 1881                   Do.
30. William H. Hunt.....................  Mar. 5, 1881               James A. Garfield.
31. William E. Chandler.................  Apr. 12, 1882              Chester A. Arthur.
32. William C. Whitney..................  Mar. 6, 1885               Grover Cleveland.
33. Benjamin F. Tracy...................  Mar. 5, 1889               Benjamin Harrison.
34. Hilary A. Herbert...................  Mar. 6, 1893               Grover Cleveland.
35. John D. Long........................  Mar. 5, 1897               William McKinley.
      Do................................  Mar. 5, 1901                   Do.
36. William H. Moody....................  Apr. 29, 1902              Theodore Roosevelt.
37. Paul Morton.........................  July 1, 1904                   Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 6, 1905                   Do.
38. Charles J. Bonaparte................  July 1, 1905               Theodore Roosevelt.
39. Victor H. Metcalf...................  Dec. 12, 1906                  Do.
40. Trueman H. Newberry.................  Dec. 1, 1908                   Do.
41. George von L. Meyer.................  Mar. 5, 1909               William H. Taft.
42. Josephus Daniels....................  Mar. 5, 1913               Woodrow Wilson.

[[Page 1153]]


43. Edwin Denby.........................  Mar. 5, 1921               Warren G. Harding.
      Do................................  .........................  Calvin Coolidge.
44. Curtis D. Wilbur....................  Mar. 18, 1924                  Do.
45. Charles Francis Adams...............  Mar. 5, 1929               Herbert C. Hoover.
46. Claude A. Swanson...................  Mar. 4, 1933               Franklin D. Roosevelt.
47. Charles Edison......................  Dec. 30, 1939                  Do.
48. Frank Knox..........................  July 10, 1940                  Do.
49. James V. Forrestal..................  May 18, 1944                   Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Navy and War Departments were merged into the National Military Establishment by Public Law 253, 80th
  Cong., approved July 26, 1947.
\1\Declined the position and never entered on duty.


                                                                    1458

                                           SECRETARIES OF THE INTERIOR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Thomas Ewing........................  Mar. 8, 1849               Zachary Taylor.
 2. Thomas M. T. McKennan...............  Aug. 15, 1850              Millard Fillmore.
 3. Alex H. H. Stuart...................  Sept. 12, 1850                 Do.
 4. Robert McClelland...................  Mar. 7, 1853               Franklin Pierce.
 5. Jacob Thompson......................  Mar. 6, 1857               James Buchanan.
 6. Caleb B. Smith......................  Mar. 5, 1861               Abraham Lincoln.
 7. John P. Usher.......................  Jan. 1, 1863                   Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1865                   Do.
      Do................................  Apr. 15, 1865              Andrew Johnson.
 8. James Harlan........................  May 15, 1865                   Do.
 9. Orville H. Browning.................  July 27, 1866                  Do.
10. Jacob D. Cox........................  Mar. 5, 1869               Ulysses S. Grant.
11. Columbus Delano.....................  Nov. 1, 1870                   Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 17, 1873                  Do.
12. Zachariah Chandler..................  Oct. 19, 1875                  Do.
13. Carl Schurz.........................  Mar. 12, 1877              Rutherford B. Hayes.
14. Samuel J. Kirkwood..................  Mar. 5, 1881               James A. Garfield.
15. Henry M. Teller.....................  Apr. 6, 1882               Chester A. Arthur.
16. Lucius Q. C. Lamar..................  Mar. 6, 1885               Grover Cleveland.
17. William F. Vilas....................  Jan. 16, 1888                  Do.
18. John W. Noble.......................  Mar. 5, 1889               Benjamin Harrison.
19. Hoke Smith..........................  Mar. 6, 1893               Grover Cleveland.
20. David R. Francis....................  Sept. 1, 1896                  Do.
21. Cornelius N. Bliss..................  Mar. 5, 1897               William McKinley.
22. Ethan Allen Hitchcock...............  Dec. 21, 1898                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 5, 1901                   Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 6, 1905               Theodore Roosevelt.
23. James R. Garfield...................  Jan. 15, 1907                  Do.
24. Richard A. Ballinger................  Mar. 5, 1909               William H. Taft.
25. Walter L. Fisher....................  Mar. 7, 1911                   Do.
26. Franklin Knight Lane................  Mar. 5, 1913               Woodrow Wilson.
27. John Barton Payne...................  Feb. 28, 1920                  Do.
28. Albert Bacon Fall...................  Mar. 5, 1921               Warren G. Harding.
29. Hubert Work.........................  Feb. 27, 1923                  Do.
      Do................................  .........................  Calvin Coolidge.
30. Ray O. West.........................  July 20, 1928                  Do.
31. Ray Lyman Wilbur....................  Mar. 5, 1929               Herbert C. Hoover.
32. Harold L. Ickes.....................  Mar. 4, 1933               Franklin D. Roosevelt.
33. Julius A. Krug......................  Mar. 6, 1946               Harry S. Truman.
34. Oscar L. Chapman....................  Nov. 25, 1949                  Do.
35. Douglas McKay.......................  Jan. 21, 1953              Dwight D. Eisenhower.
36. Frederick A. Seaton.................  June 6, 1956                   Do.
37. Stewart Lee Udall...................  Jan. 21, 1961              John F. Kennedy.
      Do................................  .........................  Lyndon B. Johnson.
38. Walter J. Hickel....................  Jan. 24, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
39. Rogers C. B. Morton.................  Jan. 29, 1971                  Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Gerald R. Ford.
40. Stanley K. Hathaway.................  June 12, 1975                  Do.
41. Thomas S. Kleppe....................  Oct. 13, 1975                  Do.
42. Cecil D. Andrus.....................  Jan. 21, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
43. James Gaius Watt....................  Jan. 23, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
44. William P. Clark....................  Nov. 18, 1983                  Do.
45. Donald P. Hodel.....................  Feb. 7, 1985                   Do.

[[Page 1154]]


46. Manuel Lujan, Jr....................  Feb. 3, 1989               George Bush.
47. Bruce Babbitt.......................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
48. Gale A. Norton......................  Jan. 31, 2001              George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


            1459

                                           SECRETARIES OF AGRICULTURE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Norman J. Coleman...................  Feb. 13, 1889              Grover Cleveland.
 2. Jeremiah M. Rusk....................  Mar. 5, 1889               Benjamin Harrison.
 3. Julius Sterling Morton..............  Mar. 6, 1893               Grover Cleveland.
 4. James Wilson........................  Mar. 5, 1897               William McKinley.
       Do...............................  Mar. 5, 1901                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 6, 1905               Theodore Roosevelt.
       Do...............................  Mar. 5, 1909               William H. Taft.
 5. David Franklin Houston..............  Mar. 5, 1913               Woodrow Wilson.
 6. Edwin Thomas Meredith...............  Jan. 31, 1920                  Do.
 7. Henry C. Wallace....................  Mar. 5, 1921               Warren G. Harding.
       Do...............................  .........................  Calvin Coolidge.
 8. Howard M. Gore......................  Nov. 21, 1924                  Do.
 9. William M. Jardine..................  Feb. 18, 1925                  Do.
10. Arthur L. Hyde......................  Mar. 5, 1929               Herbert C. Hoover.
11. Henry A. Wallace....................  Mar. 4, 1933               Franklin D. Roosevelt.
12. Claude R. Wickard...................  Aug. 27, 1940                  Do.
13. Clinton P. Anderson.................  June 2, 1945               Harry S. Truman.
14. Charles F. Brannan..................  May 29, 1948                   Do.
15. Ezra Taft Benson....................  Jan. 21, 1953              Dwight D. Eisenhower.
16. Orville L. Freeman..................  Jan. 21, 1961              John F. Kennedy.
       Do...............................  .........................  Lyndon B. Johnson.
17. Clifford M. Hardin..................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
18. Earl Lauer Butz.....................  Dec. 2, 1971                   Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Gerald R. Ford.
19. John A. Knebel \1\..................  Nov. 3, 1976                   Do.
20. Bob S. Bergland.....................  Jan. 21, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
21. John R. Block.......................  Jan. 23, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
22. Richard E. Lyng.....................  Mar. 7, 1986                   Do.
23. Clayton K. Yeutter..................  Feb. 16, 1989              George Bush.
24. Edward R. Madigan...................  Mar. 8, 1991                   Do.
25. Mike Espy...........................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
26. Daniel R. Glickman..................  Mar. 30, 1995                  Do.
27. Ann M. Veneman......................  Jan. 22, 2001              George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Recess appointment. Nomination not confirmed by the Senate.


            1460

                                       SECRETARIES OF COMMERCE AND LABOR*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. George B. Cortelyou.................  Feb. 16, 1903              Theodore Roosevelt.
 2. Victor H. Metcalf...................  July 1, 1904                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 6, 1905                   Do
 3. Oscar S. Straus.....................  Dec. 12, 1906                  Do.
 4. Charles Nagel.......................  Mar. 5, 1909               William H. Taft.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Department of Commerce and Labor abolished Mar. 3, 1913.


            1461

                                             SECRETARIES OF COMMERCE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. William C. Redfield.................  Mar. 5, 1913               Woodrow Wilson.
 2. Joshua Wills Alexander..............  Dec. 11, 1919                  Do.
 3. Herbert C. Hoover...................  Mar. 5, 1921               Warren G. Harding.
       Do...............................  .........................  Calvin Coolidge.
 4. William F. Whiting..................  Aug. 21, 1928                  Do.
 5. Robert Patterson Lamont.............  Mar. 5, 1929               Herbert C. Hoover.
 6. Roy Dikeman Chapin..................  Aug. 8, 1932                   Do.

[[Page 1155]]


 7. Daniel C. Roper.....................  Mar. 4, 1933               Franklin D. Roosevelt.
 8. Harry L. Hopkins....................  Dec. 24, 1938                  Do.
 9. Jesse H. Jones......................  Sept. 16, 1940                 Do.
10. Henry A. Wallace....................  Mar. 1, 1945                   Do.
11. W. Averell Harriman.................  Sept. 28, 1946             Harry S. Truman.
12. Charles Sawyer......................  May 6, 1948                    Do.
13. Sinclair Weeks......................  Jan. 21, 1953              Dwight D. Eisenhower.
14. Lewis L. Strauss\1\.................  Nov. 13, 1958                  Do.
15. Frederick Henry Mueller.............  Aug. 6, 1959                   Do.
16. Luther H. Hodges....................  Jan. 21, 1961              John F. Kennedy.
17. John T. Connor......................  Jan. 18, 1965              Lyndon B. Johnson.
18. Alexander B. Trowbridge.............  June 14, 1967                  Do.
19. C. R. Smith.........................  Mar. 6, 1968                   Do.
20. Maurice H. Stans....................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
21. Peter G. Peterson...................  Feb. 29, 1972                  Do.
22. Frederick B. Dent...................  Feb. 2, 1973                   Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Gerald R. Ford.
23. Rogers C. B. Morton.................  May 1, 1975                    Do
24. Elliot L. Richardson................  Feb. 1, 1976                   Do.
25. Juanita M. Kreps....................  Jan. 21, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
26. Philip M. Klutznick.................  Dec. 21, 1979                  Do.
27. Malcolm Baldrige....................  Jan. 23, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
28. C. William Verity, Jr...............  Oct. 15, 1987                  Do.
29. Robert A. Mosbacher.................  Feb. 3, 1989               George Bush.
30. Barbara H. Franklin.................  Mar. 23, 1992                  Do.
31. Ronald H. Brown.....................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
32. Michael Kantor......................  Apr. 12, 1996                  Do.
33. William M. Daley....................  Feb. 10, 1997                  Do.
34. Norman Y. Mineta....................  July 21, 2000                  Do.
35. Donald L. Evans.....................  Jan. 22, 2001              George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Recess appointment. Nomination not confirmed by the Senate (June 18, 1959).


                                                                    1462

                                              SECRETARIES OF LABOR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. William Bauchop Wilson..............  Mar. 5, 1913               Woodrow Wilson.
 2. James J. Davis......................  Mar. 5, 1921               Warren G. Harding.
       Do...............................  .........................  Calvin Coolidge.
 3. William N. Doak.....................  Dec. 9, 1930               Herbert C. Hoover.
 4. Frances Perkins.....................  Mar. 4, 1933               Franklin D. Roosevelt.
 5. Lewis B. Schwellenbach..............  June 1, 1945               Harry S. Truman.
 6. Maurice J. Tobin....................  Aug. 12, 1948                  Do.
 7. Martin P. Durkin....................  Jan. 21, 1953              Dwight D. Eisenhower.
 8. James P. Mitchell...................  Jan. 19, 1954                  Do.
 9. Arthur J. Goldberg..................  Jan. 21, 1961              John F. Kennedy.
10. W. Willard Wirtz....................  Sept. 25, 1962                 Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Lyndon B. Johnson.
11. George P. Shultz....................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
12. James D. Hodgson....................  July 1, 1970                   Do.
13. Peter J. Brennan....................  Feb. 2, 1973                   Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Gerald R. Ford.
14. John T. Dunlop......................  Mar. 18, 1975                  Do.
15. Willie J. Usery, Jr.................  Feb. 10, 1976                  Do.
16. Ray Marshall........................  Jan. 26, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
17. Raymond J. Donovan..................  Feb. 4, 1981               Ronald Reagan.
18. William E. Brock III................  April 29, 1985                 Do.
19. Ann D. McLaughlin...................  Dec. 11, 1987                  Do.
20. Elizabeth H. Dole...................  Jan. 30, 1989              George Bush.
21. Lynn Martin.........................  Feb. 22, 1991                  Do.
22. Robert B. Reich.....................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
23. Alexis M. Herman....................  May 2, 1997                    Do.
24. Elaine L. Chow......................  Jan. 31, 2001              George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



[[Page 1156]]

            1463

                                    SECRETARIES OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Oveta Culp Hobby....................  Apr. 10, 1953              Dwight D. Eisenhower.
 2. Marion B. Folsom....................  Aug. 1, 1955                   Do.
 3. Arthur S. Flemming..................  Aug. 1, 1958                   Do.
 4. Abraham Ribicoff....................  Jan. 21, 1961              John F. Kennedy.
 5. Anthony J. Celebrezze...............  July 30, 1962                  Do.
 6. John W. Gardner.....................  Aug. 18, 1965              Lyndon B. Johnson.
 7. Wilbur J. Cohen.....................  May 16, 1968                   Do.
 8. Robert H. Finch.....................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
 9. Elliot L. Richardson................  June 24, 1970                  Do.
10. Caspar W. Weinberger................  Feb. 8, 1973                   Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Gerald R. Ford.
11. Forrest David Mathews...............  Aug. 8, 1975                   Do.
12. Joseph A. Califano, Jr..............  Jan. 25, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
13. Patricia Roberts Harris.............  Aug. 3, 1979                   Do.
14. Richard S. Schweiker................  Jan. 22, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
15. Margaret M. Heckler.................  Mar. 9, 1983                   Do.
16. Dr. Otis R. Bowen...................  Dec. 13, 1985                  Do.
17. Dr. Louis W. Sullivan...............  Mar. 10, 1989              George Bush.
18. Donna E. Shalala....................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
19. Tommy G. Thompson...................  Feb. 2, 2001               George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was created by Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953, approved
  Apr. 1, 1953 (67 Stat. 18; 5 U.S.C. 623), which, effective Apr. 11, 1953, abolished the Federal Security
  Agency and transferred its functions to the new Department. Name changed from Department of Health, Education,
  and Welfare effective May 4, 1980, pursuant to Executive Order 12212 of May 2, 1980.


            1464

                                  SECRETARIES OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Robert C. Weaver....................  Jan. 18, 1966              Lyndon B. Johnson.
 2. Robert C. Wood\1\...................  Jan. 2, 1969                   Do.
 3. George W. Romney....................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
 4. James T. Lynn.......................  Feb. 2, 1973                   Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Gerald R. Ford.
 5. Carla Anderson Hills................  Mar. 10, 1975                  Do.
 6. Patricia Roberts Harris.............  Jan. 21, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
 7. Moon Landrieu.......................  Sept. 14, 1979                 Do.
 8. Samuel R. Pierce, Jr................  Jan. 23, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
 9. Jack Kemp...........................  Feb. 6, 1989               George Bush.
10. Henry G. Cisneros...................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
11. Andrew Cuomo........................  Jan. 29, 1997                  Do.
12. Mel R. Martinez.....................  Jan. 24, 2001              George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Recess appointment.
*The Department of Housing and Urban Development was created by Public Law 89-174, approved Sept. 9, 1965.


            1465

                                         SECRETARIES OF TRANSPORTATION*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Alan S. Boyd........................  Jan. 12, 1967              Lyndon B. Johnson.
 2. John A. Volpe.......................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
 3. Claude S. Brinegar..................  Feb. 2, 1973                   Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Gerald R. Ford.
 4. William T. Coleman, Jr..............  Mar. 4, 1975                   Do.
 5. Brockman Adams......................  Jan. 21, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
 6. Neil Goldschmidt....................  Aug. 10, 1979                  Do.
 7. Andrew L. Lewis, Jr.................  Jan. 23, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
 8. Elizabeth Hanford Dole..............  Feb. 7, 1983                   Do.
 9. James H. Burnley IV.................  Dec. 2, 1987                   Do.
10. Samuel K. Skinner...................  Feb. 1, 1989               George Bush.
11. Andrew H. Card, Jr..................  Feb. 24, 1992                  Do.
12. Federico Pena.......................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
13. Rodney E. Slater....................  Feb. 14, 1997                  Do.
14. Norman Y. Mineta....................  Feb. 8, 2001               George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Transportation was created by Public Law 89-670, approved Oct. 15, 1966.



[[Page 1157]]

                                                                    1466

                                             SECRETARIES OF ENERGY*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. James R. Schlesinger.................  Aug. 5, 1977               Jimmy Carter.
2. Charles William Duncan, Jr...........  Aug. 24, 1979                  Do.
3. James B. Edwards.....................  Jan. 23, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
4. Donald P. Hodel......................  Nov. 5, 1982                   Do.
5. John S. Herrington...................  Feb. 7, 1985                   Do.
6. James D. Watkins.....................  Mar. 9, 1989               George Bush.
7. Hazel Rollins O'Leary................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
8. Frederico Pena.......................  Mar. 12, 1997                  Do.
9. Bill Richardson......................  Aug. 13, 1998                  Do.
10. Spencer Abraham.....................  Jan. 22, 2001              George W. Bush
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Energy was created by Public Law 95-91, approved Aug. 4, 1977.


                                                                    1467

                                            SECRETARIES OF EDUCATION*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Shirley Mount Hufstedler.............  Dec. 6, 1979               Jimmy Carter.
2. T.H. Bell............................  Jan. 23, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
3. William J. Bennett...................  Feb. 6, 1985                   Do.
4. Lauro F. Cavazos.....................  Sept. 20, 1988                 Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  George Bush.
5. Lamar Alexander......................  Mar. 18, 1991                  Do.
6. Richard W. Riley.....................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
7. Roderick R. Paige....................  Jan. 22, 2001              George W. Bush
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*The Department of Education was created by Public Law 96-88, approved Oct. 17, 1979, and became effective May
  4, 1980, pursuant to Executive Order 12212 of May 2, 1980.


                                                                    1468

                                        SECRETARIES OF VETERANS AFFAIRS*
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                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Edward J. Derwinski..................  Mar. 15, 1989              George Bush.
2. Jesse Brown..........................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
3. Togo D. West, Jr.....................  May 5, 1998                    Do.
4. Anthony J. Principi..................  Mar. 2, 2001               George W. Bush
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*The Department of Veterans Affairs was created by Public Law 100-527, approved Oct. 25, 1988, which abolished
  the Veterans Administration and transferred its functions to the new Department, effective Mar. 15, 1989.

                            ratification of constitution

                            ratification of constitution

                            ratification of constitution