    [United States Senate Manual, 107th Congress]
    [S. Doc. 107-1]
    [USCODETITLE]
    [Pages 807-815]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

    [[Page 807]]

                        TITLE 22.--FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE

                     Chapter 7.--INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC.

                                        * * * * * * *

          1025  Sec. 276c-1. Reports of expenditures by members of American
                    groups or delegations and employees; consolidated
                    reports by Congressional committees; public inspection.
                    Each chairman or senior member of the House of
                Representatives and Senate group or delegation of the United
                States group or delegation to the Interparliamentary Union,
                the NATO Parliamentary Assembly, the Canada-United States
                Interparliamentary Group, the Mexico-United States
                Interparliamentary Group, or any similar interparliamentary
                group of which the United States is a member or
                participates, by whom or on whose behalf local currencies
                owned by the United States are made available and expended
                and/or expenditures are made from funds appropriated for the
                expenses of such group or delegation, shall file with the
                chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate
                in the case of the group or delegation of the Senate, or
                with the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the
                House of Representatives in the case of the group or
                delegation of the House, an itemized report showing all such
                expenditures made by or on behalf of each Member or employee
                of the group or delegation together with the purposes of the
                expenditure, including per diem (lodging and meals),
                transportation, and other purposes. Within sixty days after
                the beginning of each regular session of Congress, the
                chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations and the
                chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs shall prepare
                consolidated reports showing with respect to each such group
                or delegation the total amount expended, the purposes of the
                expenditures, the amount expended for each such purpose, the
                names of the Members or employees by or on behalf of whom
                the expenditures were made and the amount expended by or on
                behalf of each Member or employee for each such purpose. The
                consolidated reports prepared by the chairman of the
                Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate shall be filed
                with the Secretary of the Senate, and the consolidated
                reports prepared by the chairman of the Committee on Foreign
                Affairs of the House shall be filed with the Clerk of the
                House and shall be open to public inspection. (As amended
                Pub. L. 103-437, Sec. 9(a)(2), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4588;
                Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 218(1), Aug. 20, 1996, 110
                Stat. 1747; Pub. L. 106-113, Div. B, Sec. 1000(a)(7). [Div.
                A, Title VII, Sec. 701(b)(2)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat.
                1536, 1501A-459).

                        canada-united states interparliamentary group

          1026  Sec. 276d. United States group; appointment; term; meetings.
                    Not to exceed twenty-four Members of Congress shall be
                appointed to meet jointly and at least annually and when
                Congress is not in session (except that this restriction
                shall not apply during the first

    [[Page 808]]

                session of the Eighty-sixth Congress or to meetings held in
                the United States) with representatives of the House of
                Commons and Senate of the Canadian Parliament for discussion
                of common problems in the interests of relations between the
                United States and Canada. Of the Members of the Congress to
                be appointed for the purposes of this section (hereinafter
                designated as the United States group) half shall be
                appointed by the Speaker of the House from Members of the
                House (not less than four of whom shall be from the Foreign
                Affairs Committee), and half shall be appointed by the
                President of the Senate upon recommendations of the majority
                and minority leaders of the Senate from Members of the
                Senate (not less than four of whom shall be from the Foreign
                Relations Committee).
                    Such appointments shall be for the period of each
                meeting of the Canada-United States Interparliamentary group
                except for the four members of the Foreign Affairs Committee
                and the four members of the Foreign Relations Committee,
                whose appointments shall be for the duration of each
                Congress.
                    The Chairman or Vice Chairman of the House delegation
                shall be a Member from the Foreign Affairs Committee, and,
                unless the President of the Senate, upon the recommendation
                of the Majority Leader, determines otherwise, the Chairman
                or Vice Chairman of the Senate delegation shall be a Member
                from the Foreign Relations Committee. (Pub. L. 86-42,
                Sec. 1, June 11, 1959, 73 Stat. 72; Pub. L. 95-45,
                Sec. 4(a), June 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 222; Pub. L. 103-437,
                Sec. 9(a)(3), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4588.)

          1027  Sec. 276e. Authorization of appropriations; disbursements.
                    An appropriation of $150,000 annually is authorized,
                $75,000 of which shall be for the House delegation and
                $75,000 for the Senate delegation, or so much thereof as may
                be necessary, to assist in meeting the expenses of the
                United States group of the Canada-United States
                Interparliamentary group for each fiscal year for which an
                appropriation is made, the House and Senate portions of such
                appropriation to be disbursed on vouchers to be approved by
                the Chairman of the House delegation and the Chairman of the
                Senate delegation, respectively. (Pub. L. 86-42, Sec. 2,
                June 11, 1959, 73 Stat. 72; Pub. L. 94-350, Title I,
                Sec. 118(a), July 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 827; Pub. L. 103-236,
                Title V, Sec. 502(a)(2), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 462; Pub.
                L. 107-77, Title IV, Sec. 408(b)(3), Nov. 28, 2001, 115
                Stat. 791).
                        mexico-united states interparliamentary group

          1028  Sec. 276h. United States group; appointment; term; meetings.
                    Not to exceed twenty-four Members of Congress shall be
                appointed to meet jointly and at least annually with
                representatives of the Chamber of Deputies and Chamber of
                Senators of the Mexican Congress for discussion of common
                problems in the interests of relations between the United
                States and Mexico. Of the Members of the Congress to be
                appointed for the purposes of this section (hereinafter
                designated as the United States group) half shall be
                appointed by the Speaker of the House from Members of the
                House (not less than four of whom shall be from the Foreign
                Affairs Committee), and half shall be appointed by the
                President of the Senate upon recommendations of the majority
                and minority leaders of the Senate from Members of the
                Senate

    [[Page 809]]

                (not less than four of whom shall be from the Foreign
                Relations Committee). Such appointments shall be for the
                period of each meeting of the Mexico-United States
                Interparliamentary group except for the four members of the
                Foreign Affairs Committee, and the four members of the
                Foreign Relations Committee, whose appointments shall be for
                the duration of each Congress.
                    The Chairman or Vice Chairman of the House delegation
                shall be a Member from the Foreign Affairs Committee, and,
                unless the President of the Senate, upon the recommendation
                of the Majority Leader, determines otherwise, the Chairman
                or Vice Chairman of the Senate delegation shall be a Member
                from the Foreign Relations Committee. (Pub. L. 86-420,
                Sec. 1, Apr. 9, 1960, 74 Stat. 40; Pub. L. 95-45, Sec. 4(b),
                June 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 222; Pub. L. 103-437, Sec. 9(a)(4),
                Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4585.)

          1029  Sec. 276i. Authorization of appropriations; disbursements.
                    An appropriation of $120,000 annually is authorized,
                $60,000 of which shall be for the House delegation and
                $60,000 for the Senate delegation, or so much thereof as may
                be necessary, to assist in meeting the expenses of the
                United States group of the Mexico-United States
                Interparliamentary group for each fiscal year for which an
                appropriation is made, the House and Senate portions of such
                appropriation to be disbursed on vouchers to be approved by
                the Chairman of the House delegation and the Chairman of the
                Senate delegation, respectively. (As amended Pub. L. 101-
                515, Title III, Sec. 304(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2129;
                Pub. L. 103-236, Title V, Sec. 502(a)(1), Apr. 30, 1994, 108
                Stat. 461; Pub. L. 107-77, Title IV, Sec. 408(b)(2), Nov.
                28, 2001, 115 Stat. 790).
          1030  Sec. 276l. British-American Interparliamentary Group.
                (a) Establishment and meetings
                    Not to exceed 24 Members of Congress shall be appointed
                to meet annually and when the Congress is not in session
                (except that this restriction shall not apply to meetings
                held in the United States), with representatives of the
                House of Commons and the House of Lords of the Parliament of
                Great Britain for discussion of common problems in the
                interest of relations between the United States and Great
                Britain. The Members of Congress so appointed shall be
                referred to as the ``United States group'' of the United
                States Interparliamentary Group.
                (b) Appointment of members
                    Of the Members of Congress appointed for purposes of
                this section--
                                (1) half shall be appointed by the Speaker
                            of the House of Representatives from among
                            Members of the House (not less than 4 of whom
                            shall be members of the Committee on Foreign
                            Affairs), and
                                (2) half shall be appointed by the President
                            pro tempore of the Senate, upon recommendations
                            of the majority and minority leaders of the
                            Senate, from among Members of the Senate (not
                            less than 4 of whom shall be members of the
                            Committee on Foreign Relations) unless the
                            majority and minority leaders of the Senate
                            determine otherwise.

    [[Page 810]]

                (c) Chair and Vice Chair
                    (1) The Chair or Vice Chair of the House delegation of
                the United States group shall be a member from the Committee
                on Foreign Affairs.
                    (2) The President pro tempore of the Senate shall
                designate the Chair or Vice Chair of the Senate delegation.
                (d) Funding
                    There is authorized to be appropriated $50,000 for each
                fiscal year to assist in meeting the expenses of the United
                States group for each fiscal year for which an appropriation
                is made, half of which shall be for the House delegation and
                half of which shall be for the Senate delegation. The House
                and Senate portions of such appropriations shall be
                disbursed on vouchers to be approved by the Chair of the
                House delegation and the Chair of the Senate delegation,
                respectively.
                (e) Certification of expenditures
                    The certificate of the Chair of the House delegation or
                the Senate delegation of the United States group shall be
                final and conclusive upon the accounting officers in the
                auditing of the accounts of the United States group.
                (f) Annual report
                    The United States group shall submit to the Congress a
                report for each fiscal year for which an appropriation is
                made for the United States group, which shall include its
                expenditures under such appropriation.
                (g) [Omitted.] (Pub. L. 102-138, Title I, Sec. 168, Oct. 28,
                    1991, 105 Stat. 676.)

          1031  Sec. 276m. United States Delegation to the Parliamentary
                    Assembly of the Conference on Security and Cooperation
                    in Europe (CSCE).
                (a) Establishment
                    In accordance with the allocation of seats to the United
                States in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Conference on
                Security and Cooperation in Europe (hereinafter referred to
                as the ``CSCE Assembly'') not to exceed 17 Members of
                Congress shall be appointed to meet jointly and annually
                with representative parliamentary groups from other
                Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)
                member-nations for the purposes of--
                                (1) assessing the implementation of the
                            objectives of the CSCE;
                                (2) discussing subjects addressed during the
                            meetings of the Council of Ministers for Foreign
                            Affairs and the biennial Summit of Heads of
                            State or Government;
                                (3) initiating and promoting such national
                            and multilateral measures as may further
                            cooperation and security in Europe.
                (b) Appointment of Delegation
                    For each meeting of the CSCE Assembly, there shall be
                appointed a United States Delegation, as follows:
                                (1) In 1992 and every even-numbered year
                            thereafter, 9 Members shall be appointed by the
                            Speaker of the House from Members of the House
                            (not less than 4 of whom, including the Chairman
                            of the United States Delegation, shall be from
                            the Committee on

    [[Page 811]]

                            Foreign Affairs); and 8 Members shall, upon
                            recommendations of the Majority and Minority
                            leaders of the Senate, be appointed by the
                            President pro tempore of the Senate from Members
                            of the Senate (not less than 4 of whom,
                            including the Vice Chairman of the United States
                            Delegation, shall be from the Committee on
                            Foreign Relations, unless the President pro
                            tempore of the Senate, upon recommendations of
                            the Majority and Minority leaders of the Senate,
                            determines otherwise).
                                (2) In every odd-numbered year beginning in
                            1993, 9 Members shall, upon recommendation of
                            the Majority and Minority Leaders of the Senate,
                            be appointed by the President pro tempore of the
                            Senate from Members of the Senate (not less than
                            4 of whom, including the Chairman of the United
                            States Delegation, shall be from the Committee
                            on Foreign Relations, unless the President pro
                            tempore of the Senate, upon recommendations of
                            the Majority and Minority leaders of the Senate,
                            determines otherwise); and 8 Members shall be
                            appointed by the Speaker of the House from
                            Members of the House (not less than 4 of whom,
                            including the Vice Chairman, shall be from the
                            Committee on Foreign Affairs).
                (c) Administrative support
                    For the purpose of providing general staff support and
                continuity between successive delegations, each United
                States Delegation shall have 2 secretaries (one of whom
                shall be appointed by the Chairman of the Committee on
                Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and one of
                whom shall be appointed by the Chairman of the Delegation of
                the Senate).
                (d) Funding
                        (1) United States participation
                                There is authorized to be appropriated for
                            each fiscal year $80,000 to assist in meeting
                            the expenses of the United States delegation.
                            For each fiscal year for which an appropriation
                            is made under this subsection, half of such
                            appropriation may be disbursed on voucher to be
                            approved by the Chairman and half of such
                            appropriation may be disbursed on voucher to be
                            approved by the Vice Chairman.
                        (2) Availability of appropriations
                                Amounts appropriated pursuant to this
                            subsection are authorized to be available until
                            expended.
                (e) Annual report
                    The United States Delegation shall, for each fiscal year
                for which an appropriation is made, submit to the Congress a
                report including its expenditures under such appropriation.
                The certificate of the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the
                United States Delegation shall be final and conclusive upon
                the accounting officers in the auditing of the accounts of
                the United States Delegation. (Pub. L. 102-138, Title I,
                Sec. 169, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 677.)
                Note
                    There are authorized to be appropriated for each fiscal
                year $50,000 for expenses of United States participation in
                the United States-European Community Interparliamentary
                Group. (November 22, 1983, Public Law 98-164, Sec. 109(c),
                as amend

    [[Page 812]]

                ed September 19, 1986, Public Law 99-415, Sec. 7(b), and
                October 1, 1988, Public Law 100-459, Sec. 303(c)).

                            Chapter 24.--MUTUAL SECURITY PROGRAM

          1032  Sec. 1754. Foreign currencies.

                                        * * * * * * *

                (b) Availability to Members and employees of Congress;
                    authorization requirements; reports
                    (1)(A) Notwithstanding section 1306 of title 31, or any
                other provision of law--
                                (i) local currencies owned by the United
                            States, which are in excess of the amounts
                            reserved under section 2362(a) of this title,
                            and of the requirements of the United States
                            Government in payment of its obligations outside
                            the United States, as such requirements may be
                            determined from time to time by the President;
                            and
                                (ii) any other local currencies owned by the
                            United States in amounts not to exceed the
                            equivalent of $75 per day per person or the
                            maximum per diem allowance established under the
                            authority of subchapter I of chapter 57 of Title
                            5 for employees of the United States Government
                            while traveling in a foreign country, whichever
                            is greater, exclusive of the actual cost of
                            transportation;

                shall be made available to Members and employees of the
                Congress for their local currency expenses when authorized
                as provided in subparagraph (B).

                    (B) The authorization required for purposes of
                subparagraph (A) may be provided--
                                (i) by the Speaker of the House of
                            Representatives in the case of a Member or
                            employee of the House;
                                (ii) by the chairman of a standing or select
                            committee of the House of Representatives in the
                            case of a member or employee of that committee;
                                (iii) by the President of the Senate, the
                            President pro tempore of the Senate, the
                            Majority Leader of the Senate, or the Minority
                            Leader of the Senate, in the case of a Member or
                            employee of the Senate;
                                (iv) by the chairman of a standing, select,
                            or special committee of the Senate in the case
                            of a member or employee of that committee or of
                            an employee of a member of that committee; and
                                (v) by the chairman of a joint committee of
                            the Congress in the case of a member or employee
                            of that committee.
                    (C) Whenever local currencies owned by the United States
                are not otherwise available for purposes of this subsection,
                the Secretary of the Treasury shall purchase such local
                currencies as may be necessary for such purposes, using any
                funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated.
                    (2) On a quarterly basis, the chairman of each committee
                of the House of Representatives or the Senate and of each
                joint committee of the Congress (A) shall prepare a
                consolidated report (i) which itemizes the amounts and
                dollar equivalent values of each foreign currency expended
                and the amounts of dollar expenditures from appropriated
                funds in connection with travel outside the United States,
                stating the purposes of the expenditures including per diem
                (lodging and meals), transportation,

    [[Page 813]]

                and other purposes, and (ii) which shows the total itemized
                expenditures, by such committee and by each member or
                employee of such committee (including in the case of a
                committee of the Senate, each employee of a member of the
                committee who received an authorization under paragraph (1)
                from the chairman of the committee); and (B) shall forward
                such consolidated report to the Clerk of the House of
                Representatives (if the committee is a committee of the
                House of Representatives or a joint committee whose funds
                are disbursed by the Chief Administrative Officer of the
                House) or to the Secretary of the Senate (if the committee
                is a committee of the Senate or a joint committee whose
                funds are disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate). Each
                such consolidated report shall be open to public inspection
                and shall be published in the Congressional Record within
                ten legislative days after the report is forwarded pursuant
                to this paragraph. In the case of the Select Committee on
                Intelligence of the Senate and the Permanent Select
                Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives,
                such consolidated report may, in the discretion of the
                chairman of the committee, omit such information as would
                identify the foreign countries in which members and
                employees of that committee traveled.
                    (3)(A) Each Member or employee who receives an
                authorization under paragraph (1) from the Speaker of the
                House of Representatives, the President of the Senate, the
                President pro tempore of the Senate, the Majority Leader of
                the Senate, or the Minority Leader of the Senate, shall
                within thirty days after the completion of the travel
                involved, submit a report setting forth the information
                specified in paragraph (2), to the extent applicable, to the
                Clerk of the House of Representatives (in the case of a
                Member of the House or an employee whose salary is disbursed
                by the Chief Administrative Officer of the House) or the
                Secretary of the Senate (in the case of a Member of the
                Senate or an employee whose salary is disbursed by the
                Secretary of the Senate). In the case of an authorization
                for a group of Members or employees, such reports shall be
                submitted for all Members of the group by its chairman, or
                if there is no designated chairman, by the ranking Member or
                if the group does not include a Member, by the senior
                employee in the group. Each report submitted pursuant to
                this subparagraph shall be open to public inspection.
                    (B) On a quarterly basis, the Clerk of the House of
                Representatives and the Secretary of the Senate shall each
                prepare a consolidation of the reports received by them
                under this paragraph with respect to expenditures during the
                preceding quarter by each Member and employee or by each
                group in the case of expenditures made on behalf of a group
                which are not allocable to individual members of the group.
                Each such consolidation shall be open to public inspection
                and shall be published in the Congressional Record within
                ten legislative days after its completion. (Aug. 26, 1954,
                ch. 937, Title V, Sec. 502, 68 Stat. 849, amended Sept. 3,
                1954, ch. 1262, Sec. 104, 68 Stat. 1223; July 8, 1955, ch.
                301, Sec. 9(a), 69 Stat. 288; July 18, 1956, ch. 627,
                Sec. 9(b), 70 Stat. 560; June 30, 1958, Sec. 401(a), 72
                Stat. 268; August 27, 1958, Pub. L. 85-766, ch. X,
                Sec. 1001, 72 Stat. 880; May 14, 1960, Pub. L. 86-472,
                Sec. 401(a), 74 Stat. 138; July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86-628,
                Sec. 105(a), 74 Stat. 460; Sept. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87-195,
                Pt. III, Sec. 642(a)(2), 75 Stat. 460; Oct. 7, 1964, Pub. L.
                88-633, 78 Stat. 1015; Oct. 18, 1973, Pub. L. 93-126,
                Sec. 5, 87 Stat. 452; Aug. 13, 1974, Pub. L. 93-371,
                Sec. 107, 88 Stat. 444; July

    [[Page 814]]

                25, 1975, Pub. L. 94-59, Title XI, Sec. 1105, 89 Stat. 299;
                Dec. 18, 1975, Pub. L. 94-157, Title I, ch. IV, 89 Stat.
                837; July 12, 1976, Pub. L. 94-350, Title IV, Sec. 402, 90
                Stat. 833; Oct. 1, 1976, Pub. L. 94-440, Title I, Sec. 109,
                90 Stat. 1445; Sept. 26, 1978, Pub. L. 95-384, Sec. 22(a),
                92 Stat. 742; Aug. 20, 1996, Pub. L. 104-186, Title II,
                Sec. 218(2), 110 Stat. 1747.)
          1033  Sec. 1928a. North Atlantic Treaty Parliamentary Conference;
                    participation; appointment of United States Group.
                    Not to exceed twenty-four Members of Congress shall be
                appointed to meet jointly and annually with representative
                parliamentary groups from other NATO (North Atlantic Treaty
                Organization) members, for discussion of common problems in
                the interests of the maintenance of peace and security in
                the North Atlantic area. Of the Members of the Congress to
                be appointed for the purposes of this resolution
                (hereinafter designated as the ``United States Group''),
                half shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House from
                Members of the House (not less than four of whom shall be
                from the Committee on Foreign Affairs), and half shall be
                appointed by the President of the Senate upon
                recommendations of the majority and minority leaders of the
                Senate from Members of the Senate. Not more than seven of
                the appointees from the Senate shall be of the same
                political party. The Chairman or Vice Chairman of the House
                delegation shall be a Member from the Foreign Affairs
                Committee, and, unless the President of the Senate, upon the
                recommendation of the Majority Leader, determines otherwise,
                the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Senate delegation shall
                be a Member from the Foreign Relations Committee. Each
                delegation shall have a secretary. The secretaries of the
                Senate and House delegations shall be appointed,
                respectively, by the chairman of the Committee on Foreign
                Relations of the Senate and the chairman of the Committee on
                Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives. (July 11,
                1956, ch. 562, Sec. 1, 70 Stat. 523; Dec. 16, 1963, Pub. L.
                88-205, Pt. IV, Sec. 406, 77 Stat. 392; Pub. L. 95-45
                Sec. 4(c), June 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 222; H. Res. 89, February
                5, 1979; December 22, 1987, Pub. L. 100-204, Title VII,
                Sec. 744(a), 101 Stat. 1396; Pub. L. 103-437, Sec. 9(a)(5),
                Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4588.)
          1034  Sec. 1928b. Authorization of appropriations.
                    There is authorized to be appropriated annually (1) for
                the annual contribution of the United States toward the
                maintenance of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly, such sum as
                may be agreed upon by the United States Group and approved
                by such Assembly, but in no event to exceed for any year an
                amount equal to 25 per centum of the total annual
                contributions made for that year by all members of the North
                Atlantic Treaty Organization toward the maintenance of such
                Assembly, and (2) $200,000, $100,000 for the House
                delegation and $100,000 for the Senate delegation, or so
                much thereof as may be necessary, to assist in meeting the
                expenses of the United States Group of the NATO
                Parliamentary Assembly for each fiscal year for which an
                appropriation is made, such appropriation to be dispersed on
                voucher to be approved by the Chairman of the House
                delegation and the Chairman of the Senate delegation. (July
                11, 1956, ch. 562, Sec. 2, 70 Stat. 523; June 30, 1958, Pub.
                L. 85-477, ch. V, Sec. 502(d), 72 Stat. 273; Nov. 14, 1967,
                Pub. L. 90-137, Pt. IV, Sec. 401(a), 81 Stat. 463; Feb. 7,
                1972, Pub. L.

    [[Page 815]]

                92-226, Pt. IV, Sec. 405, 86 Stat. 34; Dec. 22, 1987, Pub.
                L. 100-202, Sec. 101(a) [Title III, Sec. 303], 101 Stat.
                1329, 1329-23; Dec. 22, 1987, Pub. L. 100-204, Title VII,
                Sec. 744(b), 101 Stat. 1396; Nov. 29, 1999, Pub. L. 106-113,
                Sec. 1000(a)(7), 113 Stat. 1501A-459; Nov. 28, 2001, Pub. L.
                107-77, Title IV, Sec. 408(b)(1), 115 Stat. 790).
                              26 u.s.c.--internal revenue code

                      general and permanent laws relating to the senate