    [United States Senate Manual, 104th Congress]
    [S. Doc. 104-1]
    [Standing Rules of the Senate]
    [Pages 24-39]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

            25                            RULE XXV

                                     STANDING COMMITTEES

          25.1      1. The following standing committees shall be appointed
                at the commencement of each Congress, and shall continue and
                have the power to act until their successors are appointed,
                with leave to report by bill or otherwise on matters within
                their respective jurisdictions:
         25.1a      (a) (1) Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
                Forestry, to which committee shall be referred all proposed
                legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and other
                matters relating primarily to the following subjects:
                    1. Agricultural economics and research.
                    2. Agricultural extension services and experiment
                stations.
                    3. Agricultural production, marketing, and stabilization
                of prices.
                    4. Agriculture and agricultural commodities.
                    5. Animal industry and diseases.
                    6. Crop insurance and soil conservation.
                    7. Farm credit and farm security.
                    8. Food from fresh waters.
                    9. Food stamp programs.
                    10. Forestry, and forest reserves and wilderness areas
                other than those created from the public domain.
                    11. Home economics.
                    12. Human nutrition.
                    13. Inspection of livestock, meat, and agricultural
                products.
                    14. Pests and pesticides.
                    15. Plant industry, soils, and agricultural engineering.

    [[Page 25]]

                    16. Rural development, rural electrification, and
                watersheds.
                    17. School nutrition programs.
                    (2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a
                comprehensive basis, matters relating to food, nutrition,
                and hunger, both in the United States and in foreign
                countries, and rural affairs, and report thereon from time
                to time.
         25.1b      (b) Committee on Appropriations, to which committee
                shall be referred all proposed legislation, messages,
                petitions, memorials, and other matters relating to the
                following subjects:
                    1. Appropriation of the revenue for the support of the
                Government, except as provided in subparagraph (e).
                    2. Rescission of appropriations contained in
                appropriation Acts (referred to in section 105 of title 1,
                United States Code).
                    3. The amount of new spending authority described in
                section 401(c)(2) (A) and (B) of the Congressional Budget
                Act of 1974 which is to be effective for a fiscal year.
                    4. New spending authority described in section
                401(c)(2)(C) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974
                provided in bills and resolutions referred to the committee
                under section 401(b)(2) of that Act (but subject to the
                provisions of section 401(b)(3) of that Act).
         25.1c      (c) (1) Committee on Armed Services, to which committee
                shall be referred all proposed legislation, messages,
                petitions, memorials, and other matters relating to the
                following subjects:
                    1. Aeronautical and space activities peculiar to or
                primarily associated with the development of weapons systems
                or military operations.
                    2. Common defense.
                    3. Department of Defense, the Department of the Army,
                the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air
                Force, generally.
                    4. Maintenance and operation of the Panama Canal,
                including administration, sanitation, and government of the
                Canal Zone.
                    5. Military research and development.
                    6. National security aspects of nuclear energy.
                    7. Naval petroleum reserves, except those in Alaska.

    [[Page 26]]

                    8. Pay, promotion, retirement, and other benefits and
                privileges of members of the Armed Forces, including
                overseas education of civilian and military dependents.
                    9. Selective service system.
                    10. Strategic and critical materials necessary for the
                common defense.
                    (2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a
                comprehensive basis, matters relating to the common defense
                policy of the United States, and report thereon from time to
                time.
         25.1d      (d) (1) Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban
                Affairs, to which committee shall be referred all proposed
                legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and other
                matters relating to the following subjects:
                    1. Banks, banking, and financial institutions.
                    2. Control of prices of commodities, rents, and
                services.
                    3. Deposit insurance.
                    4. Economic stabilization and defense production.
                    5. Export and foreign trade promotion.
                    6. Export controls.
                    7. Federal monetary policy, including Federal Reserve
                System.
                    8. Financial aid to commerce and industry.
                    9. Issuance and redemption of notes.
                    10. Money and credit, including currency and coinage.
                    11. Nursing home construction.
                    12. Public and private housing (including veterans'
                housing).
                    13. Renegotiation of Government contracts.
                    14. Urban development and urban mass transit.
                    (2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a
                comprehensive basis, matters relating to international
                economic policy as it affects United States monetary
                affairs, credit, and financial institutions; economic
                growth, urban affairs, and credit, and report thereon from
                time to time.
         25.1e      (e) (1) Committee on the Budget, to which committee
                shall be referred all concurrent resolutions on the budget
                (as defined in section 3(a)(4) of the Congressional Budget
                Act of 1974) and all other matters required to be referred
                to that committee under titles III and IV of that Act, and
                messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating
                thereto.
                    (2) Such committee shall have the duty--

    [[Page 27]]

                            (A) to report the matters required to be
                        reported by it under titles III and IV of the
                        Congressional Budget Act of 1974;
                            (B) to make continuing studies of the effect on
                        budget outlays of relevant existing and proposed
                        legislation and to report the results of such
                        studies to the Senate on a recurring basis;
                            (C) to request and evaluate continuing studies
                        of tax expenditures, to devise methods of
                        coordinating tax expenditures, policies, and
                        programs with direct budget outlays, and to report
                        the results of such studies to the Senate on a
                        recurring basis; and
                            (D) to review, on a continuing basis, the
                        conduct by the Congressional Budget Office of its
                        functions and duties.
         25.1f      (f) (1) Committee on Commerce, Science, and
                Transportation, to which committee shall be referred all
                proposed legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and
                other matters relating to the following subjects:
                    1. Coast Guard.
                    2. Coastal zone management.
                    3. Communications.
                    4. Highway safety.
                    5. Inland waterways, except construction.
                    6. Interstate commerce.
                    7. Marine and ocean navigation, safety, and
                transportation, including navigational aspects of deepwater
                ports.
                    8. Marine fisheries.
                    9. Merchant marine and navigation.
                    10. Nonmilitary aeronautical and space sciences.
                    11. Oceans, weather, and atmospheric activities.
                    12. Panama Canal and interoceanic canals generally,
                except as provided in subparagraph (c).
                    13. Regulation of consumer products and services,
                including testing related to toxic substances, other than
                pesticides, and except for credit, financial services, and
                housing.
                    14. Regulation of interstate common carriers, including
                railroads, buses, trucks, vessels, pipelines, and civil
                aviation.
                    15. Science, engineering, and technology research and
                development and policy.
                    16. Sports.
                    17. Standards and measurement.

    [[Page 28]]

                    18. Transportation.
                    19. Transportation and commerce aspects of Outer
                Continental Shelf lands.
                    (2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a
                comprehensive basis, all matters relating to science and
                technology, oceans policy, transportation, communications,
                and consumer affairs, and report thereon from time to time.
         25.1g      (g) (1) Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, to
                which committee shall be referred all proposed legislation,
                messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating
                to the following subjects:
                    1. Coal production, distribution, and utilization.
                    2. Energy policy.
                    3. Energy regulation and conservation.
                    4. Energy related aspects of deepwater ports.
                    5. Energy research and development.
                    6. Extraction of minerals from oceans and Outer
                Continental Shelf lands.
                    7. Hydroelectric power, irrigation, and reclamation.
                    8. Mining education and research.
                    9. Mining, mineral lands, mining claims, and mineral
                conservation.
                    10. National parks, recreation areas, wilderness areas,
                wild and scenic rivers, historical sites, military parks and
                battlefields, and on the public domain, preservation of
                prehistoric ruins and objects of interest.
                    11. Naval petroleum reserves in Alaska.
                    12. Nonmilitary development of nuclear energy.
                    13. Oil and gas production and distribution.
                    14. Public lands and forests, including farming and
                grazing thereon, and mineral extraction therefrom.
                    15. Solar energy systems.
                    16. Territorial possessions of the United States,
                including trusteeships.
                    (2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a
                comprehensive basis, matters relating to energy and
                resources development, and report thereon from time to time.
         25.1h      (h) (1) Committee on Environment and Public Works, to
                which committee shall be referred all proposed legislation,
                messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating
                to the following subjects:
                    1. Air pollution.
                    2. Construction and maintenance of highways.

    [[Page 29]]

                    3. Environmental aspects of Outer Continental Shelf
                lands.
                    4. Environmental effects of toxic substances, other than
                pesticides.
                    5. Environmental policy.
                    6. Environmental research and development.
                    7. Fisheries and wildlife.
                    8. Flood control and improvements of rivers and harbors,
                including environmental aspects of deepwater ports.
                    9. Noise pollution.
                    10. Nonmilitary environmental regulation and control of
                nuclear energy.
                    11. Ocean dumping.
                    12. Public buildings and improved grounds of the United
                States generally, including Federal buildings in the
                District of Columbia.
                    13. Public works, bridges, and dams.
                    14. Regional economic development.
                    15. Solid waste disposal and recycling.
                    16. Water pollution.
                    17. Water resources.
                    (2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a
                comprehensive basis, matters relating to environmental
                protection and resource utilization and conservation, and
                report thereon from time to time.
         25.1i      (i) Committee on Finance, to which committee shall be
                referred all proposed legislation, messages, petitions,
                memorials, and other matters relating to the following
                subjects:
                    1. Bonded debt of the United States, except as provided
                in the Congressional Budget Act of 1974.
                    2. Customs, collection districts, and ports of entry and
                delivery.
                    3. Deposit of public moneys.
                    4. General revenue sharing.
                    5. Health programs under the Social Security Act and
                health programs financed by a specific tax or trust fund.
                    6. National social security.
                    7. Reciprocal trade agreements.
                    8. Revenue measures generally, except as provided in the
                Congressional Budget Act of 1974.
                    9. Revenue measures relating to the insular possessions.
                    10. Tariffs and import quotas, and matters related
                thereto.

    [[Page 30]]

                    11. Transportation of dutiable goods.
         25.1j      (j) (1) Committee on Foreign Relations, to which
                committee shall be referred all proposed legislation,
                messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating
                to the following subjects:
                    1. Acquisition of land and buildings for embassies and
                legations in foreign countries.
                    2. Boundaries of the United States.
                    3. Diplomatic service.
                    4. Foreign economic, military, technical, and
                humanitarian assistance.
                    5. Foreign loans.
                    6. International activities of the American National Red
                Cross and the International Committee of the Red Cross.
                    7. International aspects of nuclear energy, including
                nuclear transfer policy.
                    8. International conferences and congresses.
                    9. International law as it relates to foreign policy.
                    10. International Monetary Fund and other international
                organizations established primarily for international
                monetary purposes (except that, at the request of the
                Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, any
                proposed legislation relating to such subjects reported by
                the Committee on Foreign Relations shall be referred to the
                Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs).
                    11. Intervention abroad and declarations of war.
                    12. Measures to foster commercial intercourse with
                foreign nations and to safeguard American business interests
                abroad.
                    13. National security and international aspects of
                trusteeships of the United States.
                    14. Oceans and international environmental and
                scientific affairs as they relate to foreign policy.
                    15. Protection of United States citizens abroad and
                expatriation.
                    16. Relations of the United States with foreign nations
                generally.
                    17. Treaties and executive agreements, except reciprocal
                trade agreements.
                    18. United Nations and its affiliated organizations.
                    19. World Bank group, the regional development banks,
                and other international organizations established primarily
                for development assistance purposes.

    [[Page 31]]

                    (2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a
                comprehensive basis, matters relating to the national
                security policy, foreign policy, and international economic
                policy as it relates to foreign policy of the United States,
                and matters relating to food, hunger, and nutrition in
                foreign countries, and report thereon from time to time.
         25.1k      (k) (1) Committee on Governmental Affairs, to which
                committee shall be referred all proposed legislation,
                messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating
                to the following subjects:
                    1. Archives of the United States.
                    2. Budget and accounting measures, other than
                appropriations, except as provided in the Congressional
                Budget Act of 1974.
                    3. Census and collection of statistics, including
                economic and social statistics.
                    4. Congressional organization, except for any part of
                the matter that amends the rules or orders of the Senate.
                    5. Federal Civil Service.
                    6. Government information.
                    7. Intergovernmental relations.
                    8. Municipal affairs of the District of Columbia, except
                appropriations therefor.
                    9. Organization and management of United States nuclear
                export policy.
                    10. Organization and reorganization of the executive
                branch of the Government.
                    11. Postal Service.
                    12. Status of officers and employees of the United
                States, including their classification, compensation, and
                benefits.
                    (2) Such committee shall have the duty of--
                            (A) receiving and examining reports of the
                        Comptroller General of the United States and of
                        submitting such recommendations to the Senate as it
                        deems necessary or desirable in connection with the
                        subject matter of such reports;
                            (B) studying the efficiency, economy, and
                        effectiveness of all agencies and departments of the
                        Government;
                            (C) evaluating the effects of laws enacted to
                        reorganize the legislative and executive branches of
                        the Government; and
                            (D) studying the intergovernmental relationships
                        between the United States and the States and munici-

    [[Page 32]]

                        palities, and between the United States and
                        international organizations of which the United
                        States is a member.

         25.1l      (l) Committee on the Judiciary, to which committee shall
                be referred all proposed legislation, messages, petitions,
                memorials, and other matters relating to the following
                subjects:
                    1. Apportionment of Representatives.
                    2. Bankruptcy, mutiny, espionage, and counterfeiting.
                    3. Civil liberties.
                    4. Constitutional amendments.
                    5. Federal courts and judges.
                    6. Government information.
                    7. Holidays and celebrations.
                    8. Immigration and naturalization.
                    9. Interstate compacts generally.
                    10. Judicial proceedings, civil and criminal, generally.
                    11. Local courts in the territories and possessions.
                    12. Measures relating to claims against the United
                States.
                    13. National penitentiaries.
                    14. Patent Office.
                    15. Patents, copyrights, and trademarks.
                    16. Protection of trade and commerce against unlawful
                restraints and monopolies.
                    17. Revision and codification of the statutes of the
                United States.
                    18. State and territorial boundary lines.
         25.1m      (m) (1) Committee on Labor and Human Resources, to which
                committee shall be referred all proposed legislation,
                messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating
                to the following subjects:
                    1. Measures relating to education, labor, health, and
                public welfare.
                    2. Aging.
                    3. Agricultural colleges.
                    4. Arts and humanities.
                    5. Biomedical research and development.
                    6. Child labor.
                    7. Convict labor and the entry of goods made by convicts
                into interstate commerce.
                    8. Domestic activities of the American National Red
                Cross.
                    9. Equal employment opportunity.

    [[Page 33]]

                    10. Gallaudet College, Howard University, and Saint
                Elizabeths Hospital.
                    11. Handicapped individuals.
                    12. Labor standards and labor statistics.
                    13. Mediation and arbitration of labor disputes.
                    14. Occupational safety and health, including the
                welfare of miners.
                    15. Private pension plans.
                    16. Public health.
                    17. Railway labor and retirement.
                    18. Regulation of foreign laborers.
                    19. Student loans.
                    20. Wages and hours of labor.
                    (2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a
                comprehensive basis, matters relating to health, education
                and training, and public welfare, and report thereon from
                time to time.
         25.1n      (n) (1) Committee on Rules and Administration, to which
                committee shall be referred all proposed legislation,
                messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating
                to the following subjects:
                    1. Administration of the Senate Office Buildings and the
                Senate wing of the Capitol, including the assignment of
                office space.
                    2. Congressional organization relative to rules and
                procedures, and Senate rules and regulations, including
                floor and gallery rules.
                    3. Corrupt practices.
                    4. Credentials and qualifications of Members of the
                Senate, contested elections, and acceptance of incompatible
                offices.
                    5. Federal elections generally, including the election
                of the President, Vice President, and Members of the
                Congress.
                    6. Government Printing Office, and the printing and
                correction of the Congressional Record, as well as those
                matters provided for under rule XI.
                    7. Meetings of the Congress and attendance of Members.
                    8. Payment of money out of the contingent fund of the
                Senate or creating a charge upon the same (except that any
                resolution relating to substantive matter within the
                jurisdiction of any other standing committee of the Senate
                shall be first referred to such committee).
                    9. Presidential succession.

    [[Page 34]]

                    10. Purchase of books and manuscripts and erection of
                monuments to the memory of individuals.
                    11. Senate Library and statuary, art, and pictures in
                the Capitol and Senate Office Buildings.
                    12. Services to the Senate, including the Senate
                restaurant.
                    13. United States Capitol and congressional office
                buildings, the Library of Congress, the Smithsonian
                Institution (and the incorporation of similar institutions),
                and the Botanic Gardens.
                    (2) Such committee shall also--
                            (A) make a continuing study of the organization
                        and operation of the Congress of the United States
                        and shall recommend improvements in such
                        organization and operation with a view toward
                        strengthening the Congress, simplifying its
                        operations, improving its relationships with other
                        branches of the United States Government, and
                        enabling it better to meet its responsibilities
                        under the Constitution of the United States; and
                            (B) identify any court proceeding or action
                        which, in the opinion of the Committee, is of vital
                        interest to the Congress as a constitutionally
                        established institution of the Federal Government
                        and call such proceeding or action to the attention
                        of the Senate.

         25.1o      (o)(1)\4\ Committee on Small Business, to which
                committee shall be referred all proposed legislation,
                messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating
                to the Small Business Administration.
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    \4\As added, S. Res. 101, 97-1, Mar. 25, 1981.
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    (2) Any proposed legislation reported by such committee
                which relates to matters other than the functions of the
                Small Business Administration shall, at the request of the
                chairman of any standing committee having jurisdiction over
                the subject matter extraneous to the functions of the Small
                Business Administration, be considered and reported by such
                standing committee prior to its consideration by the Senate;
                and likewise measures reported by other committees directly
                relating to the Small Business Administration shall, at the
                request of the chairman of the Committee on Small Business,
                be referred to the Committee on Small Business for its
                consideration of any portions of the measure dealing with
                the Small Business Administration, and

    [[Page 35]]

                be reported by this committee prior to its consideration by
                the Senate.
                    (3) Such committee shall also study and survey by means
                of research and investigation all problems of American small
                business enterprises, and report thereon from time to time.
         25.1p      (p)\5\ Committee on Veterans' Affairs, to which
                committee shall be referred all proposed legislation,
                messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating
                to the following subjects:
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                    \5\Redesignated as subparagraph (p) by S. Res. 101, 97-
                1, Mar. 25, 1981.
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    1. Compensation of veterans.
                    2. Life insurance issued by the Government on account of
                service in the Armed Forces.
                    3. National cemeteries.
                    4. Pensions of all wars of the United States, general
                and special.
                    5. Readjustment of servicemen to civil life.
                    6. Soldiers' and sailors' civil relief.
                    7. Veterans' hospitals, medical care and treatment of
                veterans.
                    8. Veterans' measures generally.
                    9. Vocational rehabilitation and education of veterans.
          25.2      2.\6\ Except as otherwise provided by paragraph 4 of
                this rule, each of the following standing committees shall
                consist of the number of Senators set forth in the following
                table on the line on which the name of that committee
                appears:
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                    \6\As amended, S. Res. 13, 97-1, Jan. 5, 1981; S. Res.
                365, 97-2, Apr. 20, 1982; S. Res. 380, 97-2, Apr. 27, 1982;
                S. Res. 6, 98-1, Jan. 3, 1983; S. Res. 20, 98-1, Jan. 27,
                1983; S. Res. 53, 98-1, Feb. 3, 1983; S. Res. 338, 98-2,
                Feb. 9, 1984; S. Res. 74, 99-1, Feb. 21, 1985; S. Res. 14,
                100-1, Jan. 6, 1987; S. Res. 211, 100-1, May 12, 1987; S.
                Res. 43, 101-1, Feb. 2, 1989; S. Res. 43, 102-1, Feb. 5,
                1991; S. Res. 135, 102-1, June 4, 1991; S. Res. 4, 103-1,
                Jan. 7, 1993; S. Res. 130, 103-1, July 1, 1993; S. Res. 132,
                103-1, July 15, 1993; S. Res. 14, 104-1, Jan. 5, 1995; S.
                Res. 92, 104-1, Mar. 24, 1995.
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                        Committee:                                    Members

                        Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry..........    18
                        Appropriations................................    28
                        Armed Services................................    21
                        Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs...........    16
                        Commerce, Science, and Transportation.........    19
                        Energy and Natural Resources..................    20
                        Environment and Public Works..................    16
                        Finance.......................................    20
                        Foreign Relations.............................    18
                        Governmental Affairs..........................    15
                        Judiciary.....................................    18
                        Labor and Human Resources.....................    16

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                    3. (a)\7\ Except as otherwise provided by paragraph 4 of
                this rule, each of the following standing committees shall
                consist of the number of Senators set forth in the following
                table on the line on which the name of that committee
                appears:
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                    \7\As amended, S. Res. 13, 97-1, Jan. 5, 1981; S. Res.
                101, 97-1, Mar. 25, 1981; S. Res. 6, 98-1, Jan 3, 1983; S.
                Res. 88, 99-1, Mar. 5, 1985; S. Res. 14, 100-1, Jan. 6,
                1987; S. Res. 211, 100-1, May 12, 1987; S. Res. 43, 101-1,
                Feb. 2, 1989; S. Res. 85, 102-1, Mar. 19, 1991; S. Res. 135,
                102-1, June 4, 1991; S. Res. 18, 103-1, Jan. 21, 1993; S.
                Res. 130, 103-1, July 1, 1993; S. Res. 34, 104-1, Jan. 6,
                1995.
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                        Committee:                                    Members

                        Budget........................................    22
                        Rules and Administration......................    16
                        Veterans' Affairs.............................    12
                        Small Business................................    19

         25.3b      (b)\8\ Each of the following committees and joint
                committees shall consist of the number of Senators (or
                Senate members, in the case of a joint committee) set forth
                in the following table on the line on which the name of that
                committee appears:
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                    \8\As amended, S. Res. 13, 97-1, Jan. 5, 1981; S. Res.
                24, 97-1, Jan. 19, 1981; S. Res. 101, 97-1, Mar. 25, 1981;
                S. Res. 338, 98-2, Feb. 9, 1984; S. Res. 85, 102-1, Mar. 19,
                1991; S. Res. 135, 102-1, June 4, 1991; S. Res. 18, 103-1,
                Jan. 21, 1993; S. Res. 34, 104-1, Jan. 6, 1995.
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                        Committee:                                    Members

                        Aging.........................................    19
                        Intelligence..................................    17
                        Joint Economic Committee......................    10

         25.3c      (c)\9\ Each of the following committees and joint
                committees shall consist of the number of Senators (or
                Senate members, in the case of a joint committee) set forth
                in the following table on the line on which the name of that
                committee appears:
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                    \9\As amended, S. Res. 448, 96-2, Dec. 11, 1980; S. Res.
                88, 99-1, Mar. 5, 1985; S. Res. 14, 100-1, Jan. 6, 1987; S.
                Res. 100, 101-1, Apr. 11, 1989; S. Res. 44, 102-1, Feb. 5,
                1991; S. Res. 18, 103-1, Jan. 21, 1993; S. Res. 34, 104-1,
                Jan. 6, 1995; S. Res. 92, 104-1, Mar. 24, 1995.
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                            Committee:                                Members

                        Ethics........................................     6
                        Indian Affairs................................    16
                        Joint Committee on Taxation...................     5

         25.4a      4. (a) Except as otherwise provided by this paragraph--
                            (1) each Senator shall serve on two and no more
                        committees listed in paragraph 2; and

    [[Page 37]]

                            (2) each Senator may serve on only one committee
                        listed in paragraph 3 (a) or (b).
         25.4b      (b) (1) Each Senator may serve on not more than three
                subcommittees of each committee (other than the Commit- tee
                on Appropriations) listed in paragraph 2 of which he is a
                member.
                    (2) Each Senator may serve on not more than two
                subcommittees of a committee listed in paragraph 3 (a) or
                (b) of which he is a member.
                    (3) Notwithstanding subparagraphs (1) and (2), a Senator
                serving as chairman or ranking minority member of a
                standing, select, or special committee of the Senate or
                joint committee of the Congress may serve ex officio,
                without vote, as a member of any subcommittee of such
                committee or joint committee.
                    (4) No committee of the Senate may establish any sub-
                unit of that committee other than a subcommittee, unless the
                Senate by resolution has given permission therefor. For
                purposes of this subparagraph, any subunit of a joint
                committee shall be treated as a subcommittee.
         25.4c      (c) By agreement entered into by the majority leader and
                the minority leader, the membership of one or more standing
                committees may be increased temporarily from time to time by
                such number or numbers as may be required to accord to the
                majority party a majority of the membership of all standing
                committees. When any such temporary increase is necessary to
                accord to the majority party a majority of the membership of
                all standing committees, members of the majority party in
                such number as may be required for that purpose may serve as
                members of three standing committees listed in paragraph 2.
                No such temporary increase in the membership of any standing
                committee under this subparagraph shall be continued in
                effect after the need therefor has ended. No standing
                committee may be increased in membership under this
                subparagraph by more than two members in excess of the
                number prescribed for that committee by paragraph 2 or 3(a).
         25.4d      (d) A Senator may serve as a member of any joint
                committee of the Congress the Senate members of which are
                required by law to be appointed from a standing committee of
                the Senate of which he is a member, and service as a member
                of any such joint committee shall not be taken into account
                for purposes of subparagraph (a)(2).
         25.4e      (e) (1) No Senator shall serve at any time as chairman
                of more than one standing, select, or special committee of

    [[Page 38]]

                the Senate or joint committee of the Congress, except that a
                Senator may serve as chairman of any joint committee of the
                Congress having jurisdiction with respect to a subject
                matter which is directly related to the jurisdiction of a
                standing committee of which he is chairman.
                    (2) No Senator shall serve at any time as chairman of
                more than one subcommittee of each standing, select, or
                special committee of the Senate or joint committee of the
                Congress of which he is a member.
                    (3) A Senator who is serving as the chairman of a
                committee listed in paragraph 2 may serve at any time as the
                chairman of only one subcommittee of all committees listed
                in paragraph 2 of which he is a member and may serve at any
                time as the chairman of only one subcommittee of each
                committee listed in paragraph 3 (a) or (b) of which he is a
                member. A Senator who is serving as the chairman of a
                committee listed in paragraph 3 (a) or (b) may not serve as
                the chairman of any subcommittee of that committee, and may
                serve at any time as the chairman of only one subcommittee
                of each committee listed in paragraph 2 of which he is a
                member. Any other Senator may serve as the chairman of only
                one subcommittee of each committee listed in paragraph 2,
                3(a), or 3(b) of which he is a member.
         25.4f      (f) A Senator serving on the Committee on Rules and
                Administration may not serve on any joint committee of the
                Congress unless the Senate members thereof are required by
                law to be appointed from the Committee on Rules and
                Administration, or unless such Senator served on the
                Committee on Rules and Administration and the Joint
                Committee on Taxation on the last day of the Ninety-eighth
                Congress.\10\
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                    \10\As amended, S. Res. 76, 99-1, Feb. 21, 1985.
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         25.4g      (g) A Senator who on the day preceding the effective
                date of title I of the Committee System Reorganization
                Amendments of 1977 was serving as the chairman or ranking
                minority member of the Committee on the District of Columbia
                or the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service may serve
                on the Committee on Governmental Affairs in addition to
                serving on two other standing committees listed in paragraph
                2. At the request of any such Senator, he shall be appointed
                to serve on such committee but, while serving on such
                committee and two other standing committees listed in
                paragraph 2, he may not serve on any com

    [[Page 39]]

                mittee listed in paragraph 3 (a) or (b) other than the
                Committee on Rules and Administration.\11\ The preceding
                provi- sions of this subparagraph shall apply with respect
                to any Senator only so long as his service as a member of
                the Committee on Governmental Affairs is continuous after
                the date on which the appointment of the majority and
                minority members of the Committee on Governmental Affairs is
                initially completed.
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                    \11\As amended, S. Res. 12, 97-1, Jan. 5, 1981.
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
         25.4h                *     *     *     *     *     *     *\12\
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    \12\Subpara. (h), omitted here, pertains to committee
                service of Senators during the current Congress. For the
                104th Congress, these provisions are established in S. Res.
                13 and S. Res. 17, 104-1, Jan. 4, 1995; and S. Res. 27 and
                S. Res. 29, 104-1, Jan. 5, 1995.