    [Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George W. Bush (2008, Book II)]
    [August 7, 2008]
    [Pages 1120-1126]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]

    Interview With Foreign Radio Journalists in Bangkok
    August 7, 2008

        The President. I am in Bangkok, and one of the reasons I've come is
    not only to pay my respects to the Government and the people of
    Thailand, but also to be in a position to speak about freedom in Burma.
    I just had lunch with some people that are deeply concerned about the
    future of Burma, people that were involved in the student marches of
    '88, people involved with humanitarian assistance. I was regretful that
    my wife couldn't join us, because she's an
    articulate spokesman for the people of Burma; but she's on the border on

    [[Page 1121]]

    this mission of saying to the Burmese people, you have friends, and
    you're not alone, and the United States cares about you.
        So I want to thank you for giving me the chance to answer your
    questions, and I'll be glad to do so now. Why don't we just go around
    the table?
        Q. Mr. President, it's an honor to be with you, and many thanks,
    giving a chance to--this roundtable discussion.
        The President. Thank you.
        Q. My name is Thein Htike Oo, from Voice of America; Toe Zaw Latt
    from Democratic Voice of Burma; and Soe Win Than from BBC. We have one
    lady here from Radio Free Asia, May Pyone Aung.
        The President. Good, thank you. Welcome.

    U.S. Aid to Burma

        Q. I would like to start a couple questions about the relief aid
    policy of United States.
        The President. Yes.
        Q. Recent relief operation, the Burmese regime didn't allow the U.S.
    Navy ship aid through the Pacific come, and international community, the
    U.S., obviously, was really frustrated. I would like to know, if Burma
    faced another catastrophe or disaster, are you going to try to help, or
    are you going to--[inaudible]--Burmese regime again?
        The President. Well, absolutely. But first of all, we care about the
    human condition, human suffering. And there's no question, there was
    huge human suffering when the cyclone came through. I can remember the
    day it hit. I was told that this was going to be a major disaster for
    the people, and so I ordered our Navy ships in the area to be prepared
    to sail toward the Burmese area to provide aid and logistics and
    management. We're very good about dealing with major emergencies. And
    interestingly enough, we were involved with a military mission in the
    area, so we were prepared to send a robust package in.
        Unfortunately, the Government, the military leader chose not to allow for there to be immediate help. No
    telling how many lives could have been saved or how much human suffering
    could have been dealt with more effectively had there not been the slow
    response of the military dictator.
        But now our aid, along with other people--other countries' aid, is
    beginning to move. In answer to your question, yes, our Government will
    respond if there's another catastrophe. And hopefully, the military
    people have learned a lesson: that there needs to be truthfulness at the
    highest levels of government. People have got to understand and listen
    to reality and understand that nations and people want to help when
    there's suffering. And so we will respond. In the meantime, we're going
    to keep pushing for freedom.

    Burmese Government's Acceptance of Foreign Aid

        Q. During the time, a lot of Burmese people, they were expecting a
    sort of humanitarian intervention, even though the Burmese regime didn't
    allow the aid. So why it didn't happen, or what is the reason----
        The President. We chose to go through the normal routes. We wanted
    to basically say, here's your opportunity to receive aid. I'm
    disappointed that the military dictator chose not
    to allow the aid in quickly. But I don't think it would have been
    helpful for the Burmese people had there been a conflict over the
    delivery of aid. What we don't want to do is compound a terrible
    situation. In other words, if we just sent in--sent people in, our
    military in without visas or permission from the Government, there's no
    telling what the reaction would have been. And so therefore, we were
    trying to make the problem better, not worse.
        And so yes, I--no question, there was frustration on the delays, but
    I felt the best way to do so was the way we ended up doing it. My only
    point is, is that there's--if there's another catastrophe, and let's
    pray there's not, but if there is, the Government will now see that they
    have nothing to fear

    [[Page 1122]]

    by welcoming in U.S. aid and other countries' aid. They ought to welcome
    that.
        And now the question is, how quickly can the delta region rebuild?
    And of course, we'd like to help on that too. We spent about $57
    million, or over $50 million of help so far. And we do so generously. We
    care about the stories we hear. And we want the farmers to get seed and
    fertilizer so they can grow and feed their families and feed the people
    in their area and, hopefully, grow enough for the country.

    Joint Military Exercises

        Q. Now, I don't take too long. Now, the United States has proposed
    civil military relief exercise with the countries in this region, and
    recent ASEAN meeting endorsed that relief exercise, and probably next
    year the Philippine will host. So they agree to cooperate relief
    exercise.
        The President. That's good.
        Q. I wonder, if the countries in this region agree to cooperate, are
    you going to invite this exercise to include Burmese military regime or
    North Korea?
        The President. That's an interesting question. I don't know. I
    haven't thought that through yet, to be frank with you. I can't answer
    your question, because you're the first person who's asked me that
    question. I will take it back to Washington and--under consideration.
    Interesting idea. I have no--but I can't say yes or no right now.
        Q. Thank you.
        The President. Thank you. Yes, very good.
        Yes, sir.
        Q. Thank you very much, Mr. President.
        The President. Toe Zaw Latt.

    Burma's Foreign Policy/China

        Q. There's no real consensus on how to deal with Burma in
    international community. How will the United States try to overcome this
    impasse, most recently seen at the Security Council over Burma?
        The President. Well, what we've got to do is continue to work with
    countries on the Security Council and explain to them that what matters
    most in life is the human condition and that individual rights are
    important. And we just have a lot of work to do to convince people that
    the status quo in Burma--that life can be better, let me put it that
    way. And it's in their interest that life is better, particularly China.
        China is an important country on the United Nations Security
    Council; they're an important country in the world, obviously, Burma's
    neighbor. And we--I hope that I can use my good relations with the
    Chinese leadership to convince them that the way forward is for there to
    be more civic participation, more citizen participation in the future of
    the country, and that the perfect way to do that is to explain to them
    how backward the Government was when it came to the response for the
    natural disaster. Hopefully, that will open up eyes.
        But no question, there's a lot of diplomacy that needs to be done to
    convince others that people like Aung Suu San Kyi [Aung San Suu
    Kyi]* deserve to be free and political
    prisoners ought to be free. And the reason I'm talking to you today is
    because I want those in prison and their families to know that we care
    about them and think about them.
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
        *White House correction.
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    China-U.S. Relations

        Q. Do you think there will be some common ground that the United
    States and Chinese Government can work together?
        The President. Well, I hope so. I mean, it's in the common ground,
    for example, that the Burmese be a peaceful country. I mean, we care
    about that. Whether or not the Chinese will agree that somebody like
    Aung Suu San Kyi [Aung San Suu Kyi]* ought
    to be free and ought to be the center of foreign policy like it is for
    us, I don't know. We just have to work it hard.

    [[Page 1123]]

    President's Upcoming Visit to China/Meeting With Chinese Leadership

        Q. Soe Win Than from BBC. Picking up on this China relation, you are
    going to China today----
        The President. I am soon.
        Q. ----you will be meeting the highest Chinese leadership tomorrow.
        The President. Yes.
        Q. And you said you would mention Burma to those leaders. You
    haven't been able to convince them until now.
        The President. Right.
        Q. How optimistic are you that you will be able to convince, and how
    are you going to go about doing this time, sir?
        The President. Well, you know, look, it's--I've mentioned Burma a
    lot to the Chinese leadership, and it's--I've mentioned Darfur; I've
    mentioned Tibet; I've mentioned religious freedom inside China. So
    there's a lot of subjects to discuss with the Chinese leadership. And
    it's just a matter of continuing to make the case. I have--I'm sure the
    Chinese leader's mind is going to be on the
    Olympics. This is a big deal for the people of China. One of the reasons
    I'm going is to be able to pay my respects to the people of China, and
    well as to be in a position where I can bring up these issues with the
    Chinese Government.
        We'll see. I'm just--it's--to me, this is a process of continually
    having a consistent message, speaking to the people of Burma, letting
    the prisoners know we care about them, and pressing hard at the
    international level. I make no promises to your listeners except that
    we'll continue to try.

    Burma-U.S. Relations

        Q. Yes. One thing is the relationship with the regime. Then you have
    been probably the President who is more committed for the Burmese
    democratic movement. But the United States tough line against Burma
    sometimes entrenched the generals there, and some people would say that
    given the example of the Nargis Cyclone relief efforts, then if you have
    had this kind of relationship with the generals then you could be able
    to do more. So----
        The President. Yes, it's an interesting question. I understand your
    point. We have been tough, because we believe that the general has been very stubborn in not allowing certain freedoms,
    and we believe that's wrong. We believe that those arrested in the
    marches of '88 ought to be released from prison. There's about 2,000
    political prisoners who are being held simply because they had a belief
    that was contrary to what the general thinks.
        You notice I'm saying ``general'' because it's generally viewed as a
    one-man regime. I know there's others that support
    him.
        But yes, I have been and--because I believe that--as a matter of
    fact, just signed a bill that's going to continue the sanction regime,
    particularly when it comes to jade and precious gems.
        That's an interesting question, had we had a different relationship,
    one, what would it say to the reformers, but also, would it have changed
    the number of days required to let relief in? It's hard for me to tell.
    What I'm concerned about is the general wasn't
    being given full information, that he wasn't fully aware of reality. And
    I don't think his reaction was because of relations with the United
    States; I think his reaction was--is because he was in denial to a
    certain extent about the realities on the ground.
        But I'm constantly--look, my mission, so long as I'm the President,
    which is 6 more months, is to think about ways to relieve human
    suffering and how to help people inside Burma. And if I thought it would
    make--help us achieve the objective by changing the relationship with
    the Government, I'd give it serious consideration. But I don't
    necessarily agree with that premise. I wish there was a magic wand to
    wave; there isn't. On the other hand, the people that are listening to
    your radio broadcast has got to know that the President of the United
    States and a lot of other people

    [[Page 1124]]

    in America are concerned and care about how they live and want them to
    be free and want them to realize the beauties of a Burmese-style
    democracy. And whether that happens tomorrow or not is doubtful.
    Nevertheless, what is important, though, if for there to be a strong
    voice in laying out that vision. And that's what I'll continue to do.
        Yes, ma'am.

    President's Lunch With Burmese Activists

        Q. Mr. President, you just met a group of Burmese activists and then
    you share views with them on Burma's struggle. What do you see and what
    do you get from having lunch with them?
        The President. First of all, there's a lot of courageous people that
    have made a decision to work hard on behalf of the rest of their
    citizens to achieve a free society. Secondly, that they have great hopes
    that the United States will continue to speak out, that the United
    States will not abandon our belief in the universality of freedom.
    Thirdly, they were--I asked--I said, if you were me, what would you do?
    And I got a variety of opinions. And it was fascinating to hear voices
    of people who have actually been on the frontlines of change.
        I came away with the impression that they're very grateful to the
    American people for the generous support. Sometimes our generosity is
    not--actually ends up in the hands of the people as quickly as it
    should, but nevertheless, that they are--there seems to be a general
    awareness that the American people care. And there was a--there's a
    certain reality, a certain sense that there are--one of the things I
    came away with: There are people who may even be wearing the military
    uniform who understand that the status quo is not acceptable, and there
    needs to be a better way forward.
        But a lot of the frustration was focused on a single person, the
    general in charge of the country, and that--there
    was a belief that he didn't seem to care that much about the plight of
    the average citizen. And so hopefully, U.S. pressure and U.S. focus will
    get him to think more about the average person and care about the way
    the average person lives.

    Burmese Democracy Movement

        Q. Many critics said that our opposition itself is also very much
    divided and they are not united enough against the military regime and
    that--do you think that the United States can help prepare them for
    their future democratic Burma?
        The President. Well, first of all--that was an interesting
    question--I didn't think they were very divided, at least the crowd I
    was with. But I thought they were pretty united in their dream for a
    better Burma.
        You know, one of the things that, obviously, the people involved in
    the democracy movement have got to think through is how do you get from
    here to there. In other words, it's not easy to go from a very fierce
    military one-man rule to democracy. And so therefore, it needs to be
    well thought out. And you have a very good point, and that is, is that
    there is a--is there a focused roadmap to get to a better tomorrow? It's
    hard for me to tell just in that conversation. Obviously, that's going
    to be a concern for--it must be a concern for people.
        One thing is for certain, is the Constitution is a sham. The rewrite
    of the Constitution is just a--it's not a good document; it's not a fair
    document. So therefore, there needs to be a constitution at some point
    in time that will enable Burma to be a Federal state that--based upon
    the will of the people.

    Burmese Elections

        Q. Follow up on that. The military regime will hold a election in
    2010, and they began preparing this month for election. And then what is
    U.S. stand on this election?
        The President. My stand is they ought to be open and fair, and I
    doubt they will be. I think the Constitution is a sham constitution, and
    therefore--but, you know,

    [[Page 1125]]

    I--this is a society that's not interested in democracy. They have
    proved they're not interested in democracy. If they're interested in
    democracy, they'd let the prisoners out of prison, for starters. The
    political prisoners would be a--given to chance to leave and live in a
    free life. That's the first test, not election under a sham
    constitution.
        And so, you know, they'll play like the election was fair and all
    this--to justify their behavior. And I think people like yourself ought
    to be speaking out that the elections, unless certain conditions are
    met, can't possibly be fair.

    Burma-U.S. Relations

        Q. We understand and the Burmese listeners also understand how you
    and the First Lady are compassionate for Burmese people, how much you
    strongly support to the freedom for Burma. But I wonder, place here the
    new administration--will be installed, and any chance the policy changes
    from the United States and----
        The President. I would be very surprised. I know both candidates and
    the--freedom for Burma is a bipartisan issue. And the Burmese people--
    it's not just the President that thinks about the citizens of Burma.
    There's a lot of people in our Congress, both Republicans and Democrats,
    that feel the same way. And so I think the Burmese people are going to
    have a consistent friend in the United States.

    China's Role in Burma

        Q. You're talking to the China authorities. Do you think China can
    play a role to make situation better in Burma?
        The President. I think--oh, yes, I think China could play a
    different role. I do. The question is whether they want to or not. And
    so I'll--I will bring up the Burma--Burmese issue again to President Hu
    Jintao, who I like. He's an easy man to talk to.
    And they just got different interests, at times, from the United States.
    And so I've got to work hard to see if I can't convince him that we
    share the same goals. It's not going to be easy, but I'll try to do so.

    Thailand's and ASEAN's Role in Burma

        Q. Wonder will Thailand and ASEAN in Southeast Asia----
        The President. Yes, Thailand can help. ASEAN can help. They need to
    send a signal. Obviously, Thailand was very helpful when it came to
    helping with the cyclone--aftermath of the cyclone. After all, this is a
    staging center for a lot of our materials and other peoples'--countries'
    materials that came through. Yes, and they can continue to work the
    issue. We just got to make sure that ASEAN delivers a message that is
    inspiring to the people of Burma.

    International Community's Role in Burma

        Q. Mr. President, besides sanction and travel restrictions on the
    generals in Burma, do you--have you ever thought of alternative
    strategies work on Burma--under U.S. and then with the international
    community?
        The President. A different strategy?
        Q. Yes.
        The President. You mean, trying to convince--well, I think our
    strategy is the right strategy, the U.S. strategy. And if your question
    is, do I--am I trying to convince others to join us on the strategy?
    Well, yes. In other words, it would be better if we could all speak with
    one voice. And I've been in--you know, it hadn't been that hard with
    some countries, like the European countries, for example. But it's been
    difficult with some of the countries in the neighborhood here because we
    don't share the same goals.
        My goal is democracy. Their goal is stability and--at times. And
    that's not necessarily the--I'm for stability too. Don't get me wrong.
    But I'd like to see the system move toward a free society. I want to see
    these prisoners released. I want to see people treated better. I've got
    a friend who helps deal with the rape victims along the border. These
    women are being raped--

    [[Page 1126]]

    she says, systemically raped by the military as part of their campaign
    of fear. That stuff has got to end in order for me to feel comfortable
    with any other policy toward Burma.
        And that's a--this is a priority. In other words, there's--and
    others have different priorities. And so therefore, it's hard to find
    common ground, but we'll continue to try to do so.
        Okay, last--yes. Then I got to go to the games. [Laughter] I'm
    cheering the American Olympic team.

    U.S. Foreign Policy in Asia

        Q. I'm going tonight too, sir. You have the conviction and idea to
    bring freedom and democracy to Burma, but some people would say that the
    United States doesn't have much strategic interest in Burma, unlike
    Afghanistan. Where does Burma fit in, sir?
        The President. I think so long as there's human suffering like there
    is here in Burma, then this will be of strategic importance to the
    United States. Look, no question, we've got a lot of issues on our
    platter, but I think about Burma a lot. Maybe one reason why is my
    wife was such a activist on the subject.
        But nevertheless, I gave a speech today in Thailand that talked
    about how America is, in many ways, a Pacific nation, and that I think--
    I know the center of gravity of a lot of policy is shifting to the Far
    East. And therefore, Burma--the Burmese issue is--will be an integral
    part of any Far Eastern policy. And no question, America's strategic
    interests lie in a lot of places, but they lie here as well. And so long
    as this issue festers, then it will have the attention of the American
    policymakers.
        Thank you all for your time. Very good job.
        Q. Thank you very much.

    Note: The interview began at 1:38 p.m. at the U.S. Ambassador to Burma's
    residence. In his remarks, the President referred to Senior Gen. Than
    Shwe, Chairman, State Peace and Development Council of Burma; Aung San
    Suu Kyi, leader of the National League of Democracy in Burma; and
    President Hu Jintao of China. A tape was not available for verification
    of the content of this interview.