    [Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George W. Bush (2008, Book II)]
    [December 14, 2008]
    [Pages 1452-1459]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]

    Interview With Members of the White House Press Pool
    December 14, 2008

    Audience Disruption at the Signing Ceremony With Prime Minister Nuri al-
    Maliki of Iraq

        Q. Quick ducking there, sir.
        The President. I was worried about you. I thought you were going to
    have a heart attack.
        Q. I thought I was too. [Laughter] I'm with you on that.
        The President. Okay, my opening statement: I didn't know what the
    guy said, but I saw his sole. [Laughter]
    You were more concerned than I was. I was watching your faces.
        Q. I saw something black and round go by my face.
        Q. Just to see that----
        The President. ----his first--other than shoes. [Laughter]
        Q. ----to duck. [Laughter]
        The President. I'm pretty good at ducking, as most of you will
    know----
        Q. You were quick.
        Q. ----ducking----
        The President. I'm talking about ducking your questions. [Laughter]
        Q. So you weren't a lame duck. [Groans]
        The President. That bad? You know, I--look, I mean it was just a
    bizarre moment, but I've had other bizarre moments in the Presidency. I
    remember when Hu Jintao was here. Remember we had
    the big event? He's speaking, and all of a sudden I hear this noise, had
    no earthly idea what was

    [[Page 1453]]

    taking place, but it was the Falun Gong woman
    screaming at the top of her lungs. It was kind of an odd moment.
        Questions? We're going to Afghanistan now, in case you hadn't been
    told. You probably thought we were going home, but no. Then we're going
    to go to--never mind. [Laughter]
        Q. Well, not to belabor the point too much, on this man, but I have
    a serious question about it. Obviously, he's expressing a vein of anger
    that exists in Iraq, and----
        The President. How do you know? I mean, how do we know what
    he's expressing? Who----
        Q. We had a translator who said he shouted about the widows and
    orphans.
        The President. I don't know. I've heard all kinds of stories. I
    heard he was representing a Baathist TV
    station. I don't know the facts, but let's find out the facts. All I'm
    telling you, it was a bizarre moment.
        Q. I wanted to ask something broader.
        The President. I don't think you can take one guy throwing shoes and say this represents a broad movement
    in Iraq. You can try to do that if you want to. I don't think it would
    be accurate.
        Q. Well, then, separately from him----
        The President. That's exactly what he
    wanted you to do. Like, I answered on your question, what he wanted you
    to do was to pay attention to him. And sure enough, you did. Now, look,
    I'm not suggesting you can't avoid it. But it----

    U.S. Troop Withdrawal from Iraq/Progress in Iraq

        Q. Well, how do you--how well do you think Iraq will transition from
    U.S. forces moving out of cities, pulling out, taking over----
        The President. Well, obviously, I think it's going to be that the
    gains we have made are strong enough to accept the movement of troops
    into--out of cities into bases by June of this year. But more
    importantly, that's what General Odierno
    thinks is possible.
        Q. ----at this point about when you look at Iraq, and you still have
    over 140,000 troops. What are the challenges you see?
        The President. I think the challenges--many of the challenges are
    political. In other words, the first big challenge is to have Provincial
    elections that enable people to vote and feel a part of the system,
    followed by national elections. That's a challenge. This is a challenge,
    however, that the Iraqis have met before. And obviously, you know, like
    the SOFA debate, it was a challenge to get SOFA through the--and SFA
    through the Council of Representatives because of the politics. But
    nevertheless, they came together.
        Young democracies, when they debate big issues, sometimes can be
    strained. For example, there's a big debate going on between the central
    Government and the Provincial governments. But we went through the same
    debates ourselves. And as the society matures, they're going to be able
    to handle these debates in better fashion. So one of the important
    things was the success of the SFA/SOFA.
        I remember the headlines: falling apart, may not make, confident it
    will happen, not confident it will happen. I mean, there was a lot of
    different opinions about whether or not this would eventually happen.
    And one reason why is because many of the people from the outside
    covering the debate on the inside were perplexed by the politics that
    was going on. But this is a democratic society. So I think the political
    process will be a challenge.

    Progress in Iraq

        Q. Sir, you got your first look at a part of Baghdad that wasn't the
    green zone and wasn't a military base. What did you think of it?
        The President. You know, Mark [Mark Knoller, CBS Radio], look, I
    can't look at a stretch of road and draw a conclusion. I can only really
    react to what the people

    [[Page 1454]]

    who have been here for a period of time tell me. And I mean, the
    statistics tell you one thing. Obviously, when you look at the violence
    chart, it's down. But what's more important from my perspective is, can
    a government meet the needs of its people? Can they get beyond
    differences and come together and meet the needs of its people? As well
    as, are the Iraqi forces becoming more capable of providing more
    security? Is command and control structure better? Are the training
    missions better? Are they able to move from point A to point B in a way
    that is--enable them to have successful missions? When there's
    actionable intelligence, can they move?
        And when you couple that with a political process that is relatively
    new compared to older democracies and the need to provide basic services
    for its people, one of the things that struck me was not the road, but
    was the amount of electricity there was inside Baghdad. It looked like a
    pretty well-lit city.
        The other thing that struck me was, there was a lot of activity on
    the ground. Now, you got to remember, my frame of reference is different
    from you all, you who have been there. I saw a lot of kids playing
    soccer; I saw a lot of activity, a lot of street activity on the route
    we took. And General Odierno said a while
    ago that wouldn't have been the case.

    U.S. Troop Withdrawal from Iraq

        Q. You've always urged patience in withdrawing troops, coming out;
    you move slowly on that based on conditions on the ground. Now you're
    talking about within 6 months, that we'll be drawing combat brigades
    from the city.
        The President. Cities, right.
        Q. Do you think that the Iraqis are ready to step up to that now? Do
    you think that there are flaws or there--not flaws, but potential
    conflicts----
        The President. First of all, I strongly objected to a politics
    timetable. The debate over the timetable of withdrawal was a--was one
    that was unilateral in nature proposed by people who didn't think we
    ought to be in Iraq in the first place.
        Secondly, I agreed to the terms of the SOFA because General
    Petraeus and General Odierno said that these terms are reasonable terms, and
    that is, we'll be moving troops out of cities into bases, close by to
    help if need be. Just because a troop is on a base doesn't mean that
    that troop won't be available to help the Iraqi forces. So they've come
    to the considered judgment that in the cities, the Iraqis are capable of
    providing security.
        There is a plan in place that has been executed--successfully
    executed--that now the Iraqis can assume and continue to fulfill. That's
    a lot different than it was 18 months ago, when the plan was on paper
    and hadn't been executed yet. And so there's been a model for success.

    Presidential Transition/Iraq Policy/Strategic Framework Agreement (SFA)/
    Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA)

        Q. Is that what you meant by a bipartisan foundation now looking
    ahead to the next Presidency?
        The President. I meant by a bipartisan foundation that the debates
    on whether or not it was the right thing or not are past, the need to
    make sure that we continue the successes can be a bipartisan--can be
    bipartisan and should be bipartisan.
        President-elect Obama has now got a
    seasoned general in Baghdad with a SFA/SOFA agreed to by the United
    States and Iraq, and by the way, has been kept abreast upon election
    about what the SOFA--or the SFA/SOFA means.
        And one of the challenges for the Iraqis is going to be--for the
    U.S. is to get up to our committees and get working on the SFA, which
    we're going to do. Part of my mission here was to remind the Iraqi
    Government that there is still a lot of work to be done on SFA/SOFA; our
    embassy agrees with that as well. And that--but I also told them that
    I--that our transition

    [[Page 1455]]

    is going to be a seamless transition, and that--I'm never going to put
    words into President-elect Obama's mouth, but
    by the decisions he made with Secretary Gates, for example, I believe he understands the strategic
    importance of Iraq. And now he's got a framework from which to make
    decisions.

    National Economy/U.S. Auto Industry

        Q. Mr. President, Iraq is obviously a big concern for Americans, but
    the economy seems to be even more of a concern. The automakers are in
    dire straits. How soon do you think your administration will be coming
    out with its plan for emergency aid? And are you leaning towards dipping
    into TARP to help----
        The President. No question that the economy is number one on
    people's mind, and it should be. We're in a recession. These are serious
    economic times. People are concerned about their jobs; people are
    concerned about their value of their 401(k)s. This is a very difficult
    period.
        We took note that there was a majority in the House and the Senate
    that voted for a package for the autos that would have caused them to
    begin to show how they're going to be viable. In other words, I have
    made this statement that given the status of the financial system, an
    abrupt bankruptcy for the autos could be devastating for the economy.
    And therefore, we've tried to work with Congress to accomplish the
    objective of not cratering the economy as well as making sure good money
    doesn't go after bad.
        So we're now in the process of working through with the stakeholders
    a way forward, and we're not quite ready to announce that yet.
        Q. Do you have any timetable, though, that you're looking at?
        The President. Obviously, we're--this will not be a long process
    because of the economic--the fragility of the autos.

    Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP)

        Q. And, sir, are you leaning towards using the TARP money?
        The President. I signaled that that's a possibility.
        White House Press Secretary Dana Perino. You
    guys have 8 minutes left. You're going to Afghanistan. You might want to
    ask----
        Q. ----talk about it.
        The President. Is that where we're going?

    Military Operations in Afghanistan

        Q. I think so. That's what you said. And I trust you with that. Can
    you tell me what--define the mission of the troops going in there in
    January and those who Secretary Gates wants in by the summer, the
    additional----
        The President. The mission we had before, which is help this young
    democracy develop the institutions so it can survive on its own, to not
    repeat the mistakes of the 1980s, which is achieve an objective and
    leave, and deny a safe haven for Al Qaida.
        Martha [Martha Raddatz, ABC News] asked me the question about the
    conditions in Afghanistan. No question, the violence is up. But one
    reason why the violence is up is that we're now putting troops into
    places where there hadn't been troops, begin to press these guys in
    places where they hadn't been pressed.
        Just like the surge. You might remember, violence went up when we
    went into Iraq with more troops. And so the objective is to provide
    enough security so that a political system can develop that will be a--
    provide a stable platform for economic viability, and get a good
    education and good health.
        Now the degree of difficulty in Afghanistan is high. This is a
    significantly larger country than Iraq and significantly poorer. The
    infrastructure is difficult. But nevertheless, the mission is essential,
    and that is,

    [[Page 1456]]

    we cannot achieve our objective of removing Al Qaida safe havens by
    kicking out Taliban and saying, ``Okay, now let's leave.''
        And so I recognize we needed more troops. You know, President-elect
    Obama is going to be making decisions on
    troops, and we've been calling upon our NATO allies to put in more
    troops. One of the things that when--was barely noticed was the quiet
    surge in Afghanistan. We had kind of level platform of troops; then we
    moved in quite a few number, and so did our NATO allies. And now there's
    going to be--ramp up some more.

    Pakistan/Military Operations in Afghanistan

        Q. In Pakistan, I know that there are plans being worked up that
    combine--that you have to look at Pakistan and Afghanistan as the
    problem. Can you talk a little bit about that?
        The President. Obviously, if Pakistan is a place from which people
    feel comfortable attacking infrastructure, citizens, troops, then it's
    still going--it's going to make it difficult to succeed in Afghanistan.
    That's why we're working with the Pakistan Government to keep the
    pressure on the extremists. And the more that we can get Pakistan and
    Afghanistan to cooperate, the easier it will be to enforce that part of
    the border region.
        Q. What's your assessment of how Pakistan is doing on that front?
    Are they----
        The President. Well, first of all, the first question is, is there a
    determination----

    [At this point, there was a slight disturbance aboard Air Force One.]

        The President. ----the other shoe just dropped. [Laughter] Look, I'm
    going to be thinking of shoe jokes for a long time. [Laughter]
        Q. [Inaudible]
        The President. Are you?
        Q. Yes.
        The President. I haven't heard any good ones yet.
        President Zardari is determined; he's
    said so publicly, and he's said so to me privately. He looked at me in
    the eye and said, ``You don't need to talk to me about extremist
    violence; after all, my wife got killed by extremists.'' Like a lot of
    other situations in which you're trying to deal with extremists who get
    embedded in the population, there are two aspects. One is to pressure
    them and to bring them to justice and, simultaneously, try to win the
    hearts and minds of the local folks, which is what is happening Iraq.
        See, in Iraq, just remember, we did a clear, semi-build, and no
    hold. And it's the same concept in Afghanistan: clear, build, and hold.
    And it required 30,000 more troops to get that done, plus the training
    mission in Iraq to get enough troops to hold. Obviously, our commanders
    believe that the hold part is good enough for us to be able to move our
    troops. You understand the reason I moved troops out of cities into
    bases is to enhance the credibility of the Government.
        Well, in Afghanistan, the same principle applies. We have cleared,
    and we have built some, but in certain Provinces we have not held. So
    now more troops will go in, and as they start to move, you'll see
    violence tick up because they're clearing new areas. PRTs, which were
    very successful in Iraq, are now being increased in Afghanistan. That's
    part of the build part. And training up Afghanis to be a part of the
    hold is going to take a while. But nevertheless, there's optimism there
    because the Afghan fighters are good fighters; they're proud to be in
    the military, and we're headed toward 135,000.

    Pakistan/War on Terror

        Q. You said there were two elements to Pakistan's work though. You
    said one was whether Zardari was determined; you said he was. What was
    the----
        The President. That's the press--find them and get them, press them
    hard, and

    [[Page 1457]]

    then win the hearts and minds of the locals through economic
    development.

    Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Afghanistan-Pakistan Border Regions

        Q. Sir, was that made more difficult by the use of UAVs? Are you and
    Hamid Karzai on the same page on that?
        The President. Well, as you know--you know very well that when it
    comes to certain matters, the U.S. Government doesn't discuss
    operations.

    Support for President Hamid Karzai of
    Afghanistan/Free Elections

        Q. Sir, Afghanistan is made up of a lot of different ethnic groups.
        The President. Yes.
        Q. A lot of them do not support Hamid Karzai. Is he the right person
    to lead the country through the next----
        The President. Well, that will be determined by the Afghanistan
    people. That's the great thing about elections. He got 55 percent. You
    know, some of us would have loved to have 55 percent. [Laughter] And
    51.5, not bad.
        So the way you resolve a question like that is to have open and
    transparent elections. I believe strongly in the election process
    because it is the best way to determine for certain what people think.
    You know, a controversial decision of mine was to press forward with the
    elections in the Palestinian territories. I was told, ``Well, the wrong
    side may win.'' My attitude is, the best way to determine what the
    people think is to let them vote.
        And Hamas didn't win because they said we promise you violence;
    Hamas said we'd win because we promise you better services. So my answer
    to the losers of the election is, if they have credibility at providing
    better services, why don't you figure out how you can do a better job
    and respond to the people? That's what elections do.
        So the election process in Afghanistan will once again provide
    people an opportunity to say, ``We're tired of this, or we appreciate
    that.'' And it's the good public servant who listens to what the people
    say.

    Middle East

        Q. Mr. President, if there was one--I'm sorry, go ahead.
        Q. You mentioned the Middle East. Is there any more to do in your
    remaining 37 days on that?
        The President. Ed [Edwin Chen, Bloomberg News], we've--Condi is working a U.N. Security Council that affirms
    the Annapolis process. The question would be, will President
    Abbas and Prime Minister
    Olmert want to lay out a specific state? And
    that's to be determined. But there is a way forward now.
        The big sea change in the Middle East on this issue is that by far
    the majority of people recognize that the only way to peace is two
    states. And in 2001, that was not the case. In 2001, most of the Israeli
    political class believed that ``greater Israel'' was the only way to
    have security. And the Palestinian Authority was run by a person who
    could not deliver peace and was not trustworthy. So now you've got a
    Palestinian President who
    recognizes Israel's right to exist, and a Israeli political class that
    says, ``If we want security, if we want peace, we've got to work for a
    Palestinian state.'' So the framework is there.
        And the other point--the other significant change was that Annapolis
    brought many in the Arab world to the table. And in order for there to
    ever be a Palestinian state, any Palestinian leader is going to have to
    have strong backing from the neighboring states, which was one of the
    reasons why Camp David fell apart under my predecessor. In other words, the other reason why is because the
    interlocutor on the Palestinian side just was--failed the Palestinian
    people. Not President--this was not President Clinton's fault.
        White House Press Secretary Perino. Going to
    take one more.

    [[Page 1458]]

    End of Presidential Term/North Korea

        Q. Just--in fact, it's sort of a wrap-up question----
        The President. I'm going to go take a nap. Anybody--[laughter].
        Q. If there is one thing you wish----
        The President. Steven Lee [Steven Lee Myers, The New York Times],
    you want to take a nap?
        Q. No, I'm all right.
        Q. He doesn't need sleep.
        The President. You look a little--[laughter]. Mind if I call you
    Jimmy Lee?
        Q. Steven Lee.
        The President. Stevie Lee, I mean.
        Q. Stevie. [Laughter]
        Q. If there is anything, when you look at this last month or so you
    have left, that you wish you could accomplish, in the foreign policy
    arena, or anything you want to say? If you had a single thing that you
    want to accomplish, what would it be?
        The President. Last month? Well, it's to solidify the frameworks
    that will enable problems to be solved.
        Take, for example, the North Korean issue. It is much easier to
    solve a problem diplomatically when there is more than one voice
    speaking to the leader of North Korea. And a success of this
    administration is to put a framework in place that has China, the United
    States, and South Korea and Russia and Japan all at the table, all
    saying the same thing. In this case, the message is, we need to have a
    verifiable process in place to determine whether or not you're
    fulfilling your obligations.
        Secondly, in the old process it used to be, we will give you what
    you ask for and hope that you respond. Now it is, here's what you must
    do if you want our help. We've reversed the process. And it's not just
    the United States speaking. So right now what you're watching is that
    the leader of North Korea is trying to test the
    process. First he said something Japan, and now he's saying something
    about so-and-so. And so the objective is to keep our partners firm on
    the understanding that the six-party process is the best way to solve
    the North Korean issue.
        So he'll test--and this isn't the first time
    he's tested. He signed an agreement in September of 2005. Everybody
    said, ``Great, looks like we're on our way to having the problem
    solved.'' And then he tested and changed his mind and did this, that,
    and the other. And the key is to be firm and patient with a structure
    that will enable the next President or the next President after that to
    be able to solve the problem diplomatically.
        So there's one area right there that we're working on. Obviously,
    the Security Council resolution on dealing with the Annapolis process.
    We got the SOFA--SFA/SOFA done on Iraq.
        Q. You got India done.
        The President. Well, India was done, but she said the last month.

    End of Presidential Term/Afghanistan

        Q. Anything on Iraq, sir, in the last month?
        Q. Afghanistan?
        The President. Well, I think I should travel to Afghanistan in the
    last month of my Presidency, although it's not exactly the last month.
    So what's the date?
        White House Press Secretary Perino. The
    14th.
        The President. Fourteen. Seventeen plus 17, 37 days.
        Q. Why is it you want to be in Afghanistan?
        The President. I want to be in Afghanistan to say thank you to
    President Karzai, to let the people of
    Afghanistan know that the United States has stood with them and will
    stand with them. See, it's--if you notice, Steven Lee asked a good
    question--bipartisan foundation. These nations need to know that the
    United States has been with them, is with them, and will be with them.
    So the trip is a way to, say thanks to leaders that I have been working
    with for a long period of time.

    [[Page 1459]]

        By the way, both leaders in my last conversations, or the last couple of them, have
    been saying, ``You must come and visit us before you leave.'' And of
    course, I never committed until however long it was ago, 48 hours ago.
        So okay, I'm going to go take a nap.

    Note: The interview began at 11:39 p.m. aboard Air Force One en route to
    Afghanistan. In his remarks, the President referred to President Hu
    Jintao of China; Lt. Gen. Raymond T. Odierno, USA, commanding general,
    Multi-National Corps--Iraq; Gen. David H. Petraeus, USA, commander, U.S.
    Central Command; President Asif Ali Zardari of Pakistan; former Prime
    Minister Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan, who was killed in a suicide attack
    in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, on December 27, 2007; Secretary of State
    Condoleezza Rice; President Mahmoud Abbas of the Palestinian Authority;
    Prime Minister Ehud Olmert of Israel; and Chairman Kim Jong Il of North
    Korea. The transcript was released by the Office of the Press Secretary
    on December 15. A tape was not available for verification of the content
    of this interview.