    [Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George W. Bush (2008, Book I)]
    [June 12, 2008]
    [Pages 795-801]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]

    The President's News Conference With Prime Minister Silvio
    Berlusconi of Italy in Rome
    June 12, 2008

        Prime Minister Berlusconi. Good evening to all of you, and welcome
    to our American guests. And of course, I would like to extend my warmest
    welcome to President Bush, who is a friend--a personal friend of mine
    and also a great friend of Italy's. I also wish to thank him because
    Rome has the very great privilege of being the European capital that
    President Bush has visited more than any other capital in Europe. If I'm
    not mistaken, this is the sixth time that he's here in Rome. And we are
    certainly delighted to have always seen that he is an ally who has
    always helped our country have strong relations with the United States.
    And I must say that this has never been the case.
        I also wish to thank him for all the efforts which he has undertaken
    during his administration in order to safeguard democracy and freedom.
    We have been the first Government to support one of his initiatives
    within the U.N., i.e., the Community of Democracies, which aims at
    spreading democracy throughout the world. We are both fully convinced
    that it is only through a real democracy that we can have true freedom.
    And it is only through freedom that individuals can tap their potentials
    fully, and this is how we can all help our families overcome any
    poverty. And obviously, this is how peoples can overcome poverty and,
    therefore, become evermore prosperous. And this is what we need to aim
    for in order to establish long-lasting peace throughout the world. This,
    in fact, is one of the issues that we have worked on and which we
    continue to pursue in the future.
        We've discussed many issues this afternoon, and we've also had the
    opportunity to discuss two programs, two initiatives, which I think have
    commonalities. The university for liberal thinking, we think--or are
    thinking of establishing one of these universities here in Italy in
    fact. And I had the opportunity to show President Bush some of these
    photographs which I already have. And President Bush is thinking of
    doing something very similar in Texas, and therefore, we've decided that
    we'll perhaps have a professor exchange program. And obviously, I've
    also invited President Bush to come to act as visiting professor, and
    I've already told him that many of our colleagues, Prime Ministers and
    heads of states, in fact, have okayed that as well.
        I know that you'll all have questions. You obviously are curious
    about what we've discussed, and that's very legitimate. We've gone over
    the international situation, and we've also reported some of the
    decisions taken by our Government with regard to our presence in
    Afghanistan, Kosovo, Lebanon and also our position vis-a-vis in some
    international developments. And of course, Iran is a very, very
    sensitive issue and is one of--is among these.
        Now, we are certainly in agreement on all these issues, as we always
    have been. And I wish to wind up by thanking President Bush
    wholeheartedly. I thank America, and I again was able to address the
    U.S. Congress a couple of years ago, and this is something that I'll
    never forget. And the Italians, especially those who are members of my
    generation, will never forget that this is a country that has sacrificed

    [[Page 796]]

    many lives to save us from totalitarianism, communism, fascism, nazism,
    and this is a country that has given us back our dignity and has ensured
    freedom and well-being for all Italians. Now this is something that I
    shall never, ever forget.
        President Bush.  [Inaudible]--you're right, we're good friends, and
    I appreciate that very much. I also have enjoyed coming to Rome. I
    always leave with a little extra culture and a little fatter. Thank you
    for your hospitality. Before I----
        Prime Minister Berlusconi. President Bush doesn't know what's for
    dinner yet this evening.
        President Bush. Turning to the meeting, I want to say something
    about the severe weather that has affected so many of the citizens back
    in the United States. There's been some terrible storms and a lot of
    destruction and some death. Throughout the trip, I've been updated on
    the devastation.
        I've spoken with the Governors of three affected States: Iowa, Wisconsin, and Indiana. Our Government
    is in touch with the authorities. We will assist these States in any way
    we can to help people recover from the devastation. My thoughts and
    prayers are with the victims of the terrible tornadoes and flooding,
    especially those who lost loved ones. We've been inspired by the stories
    of heroism, neighbors helping neighbors, and communities coming
    together. It's a really tough time for the people in the Midwestern part
    of the United States. And they'll have the prayers of the American
    people, and we'll help them recover.
        We did have a wide-ranging discussion. I appreciate very much the
    fact that Italy is meeting international obligations. I don't think the
    citizens at home really understand how many troops Italy has deployed to
    help troubled spots of the world, and we thank you for that, Mr. Prime
    Minister. You've got about 8,700 troops in places like Kosovo, Chad.
        You've got a very significant presence in Afghanistan. And I
    appreciate very much the fact that the Government announced to the
    Parliament, with your instructions, Mr. Prime Minister, that the caveats
    that had restricted your forces in Afghanistan are--have been removed,
    and that you've committed additional Carabinieri to help train the
    Afghan police. Your Carabinieri are excellent professionals, and they're
    needed. And I want to thank you for that commitment.
        We talked about Iraq and how Iraq is changing for the better, how
    people are beginning to realize the blessings of a free and peaceful
    society. And you're--you've been very helpful through the NATO mission
    there, of training, as well.
        And I want to thank you very much for our discussion on Iran. We
    discussed how we can work effectively together to solve this issue
    diplomatically. I told the Prime Minister what I said yesterday in
    Germany, that all options are on the table, but the first choice, of
    course, is to convince the Iranians that they must give up their
    ambitions to develop the capacity to make a nuclear weapon, for the
    safety--for our own safety and for the sake of peace. And I'm confident
    we can continue to work together in a constructive way.
        We did talk about the climate change issue. I talked to him about
    our strategy for the major economies meeting, which will run
    concurrently with the G-8. The United States is committed to convincing
    those of us that have got economic development and produce greenhouse
    gases to agree to a long-term goal.
        Now, I reminded the Prime Minister our objective is to get nations
    like China and India to sign up to the goal, and that we'll develop our
    own strategies that will be firm strategies within the U.N. framework.
        Over dinner, we'll talk about the Doha round, how the United States
    is committed to completing a successful round of Doha.
        And finally, today I was real proud that Laura represented us at the food agency--the food summit. The
    United States is committed to helping people who don't have

    [[Page 797]]

    food. Over the next--in '07 and '08, we'll have committed about $5
    billion to help. I really think our strategy can be a lot more effective
    than just giving people food. I think we ought to be buying food from
    affected nations so they develop their own agriculture. I firmly believe
    it's in the world's interest that nations that prevent the export of
    food stop doing so.
        And we ought to let sound science make the decision about
    genetically modified crops, be really interested in helping people in
    dry areas develop agriculture so they don't have to rely upon the world.
    And we ought to look at these GMAs with science in mind so that
    agriculture, sustainable agriculture, can be developed in the places
    that are--where the people are suffering.
        And so we've had a good agenda, Mr. Prime Minister. It's great to be
    with you again. And looking forward to one of your famous meals, after
    we answer a few questions. [Laughter]
        Ready to answer some questions?
        Prime Minister Berlusconi. Thank you, yes. We've been told that
    we'll have two questions from our U.S. guests and two questions from
    Italian journalists. And I would ask the President to just go ahead and
    start with the American journalists.
        President Bush. [Inaudible]--oh, there you are, yes.

    U.S. Supreme Court Ruling on Guantanamo Bay Detainee Rights/2008
    Presidential Election

        Q. Mr. President, also back home, the Supreme Court ruled that
    Guantanamo detainees have rights under the Constitution to challenge
    their detention in U.S. civilian courts. Doesn't this rebuke of your
    policy on detainees validate the criticism that Gitmo has gotten all
    over the world, especially here in Europe?
        President Bush. Yes.
        Q. And for the Prime Minister, sir, who do you want to come see you
    as the next U.S. President?
        President Bush. First of all, it's the Supreme Court decision. We'll
    abide by the Court's decision. That doesn't mean I have to agree with
    it. It's a deeply divided Court, and I strongly agree with those who
    dissented that. And their dissent was based upon their serious concerns
    about U.S. national security.
        Congress and the administration worked very carefully on a piece of
    legislation that set the appropriate procedures in place as to how to
    deal with the detainees. And we'll study this opinion, and we'll do so
    with this in mind, to determine whether or not additional legislation
    might be appropriate so that we can safely say--or truly say to the
    American people, we're doing everything we can to protect you.
        Prime Minister Berlusconi. As far as my question is concerned, well,
    of course, I cannot express any preference with regard to an electoral
    campaign going on in another country. However, I suppose I could express
    my own personal preference for one of the candidates, the Republican
    candidate. And this is for a very selfish reason, and that is that I
    would no longer be the oldest person at the upcoming G-8, because McCain
    is a month older than me, 29th of August, 1936--29th of September, which
    is when I was born. There you go. [Laughter]
        The second question now from the American journalist, please.
        President Bush. Let's see.
        Prime Minister Berlusconi. [Inaudible]
        President Bush. Yes, Jeff Stinson [USA Today].

    Upcoming Middle East Oil Summit/Energy

        Q. First of all, for you, Mr. President, the Saudis, in about 10
    days, will be hosting a summit on oil prices and supplies. Prime
    Minister Gordon Brown has said that he will go to this. With four-
    dollar-a-gallon gasoline back home, would you go?
        President Bush. You know, I'm going to go back home and take a look
    at the intentions and purpose of the meeting. There

    [[Page 798]]

    will be a high-level official, for certain, from my administration. We
    ought to be at the table as producers. My call on Congress is to
    recognize the seriousness of the problem and pass law that encourages
    exploration for oil and gas in the United States so that down the road,
    an American President will go as a producer, not a consumer.
        And our policies frankly have been--are now coming home to roost.
    For 8 years, I have been saying to the Congress, we ought to be
    exploring in ANWR; we ought to be drilling on the Outer Continental
    Shelf. And the Democratically led Congress has prevented that from
    happening. And now the prices of gasoline are high, and the American
    people don't like it, and I can understand why they don't like it. In
    the interim term, we'll--we need to be finding more oil and gas. In the
    longer term, we ought be diversifying away from our reliance upon oil.
        And so yes, I'm interested in the meeting. I said it's an
    interesting idea. And I'm going to get home and take a look, and we'll
    send somebody high level there.
        Thank you.
        Prime Minister Berlusconi. Thank you very much. And now to the
    Italian journalists. Firstly, we have a journalist from Channel One
    news, our Susanna Petruni.

    Iran/Italian Role in the War on Terror and the Middle East Peace Process

        Q. Two very quick questions, one for President Bush and the other
    for Prime Minister Berlusconi. Now, we know that you are in sound
    agreement. And, President Bush, I think that you were recently
    interviewed by my newscast, and you said that you were in favor of Italy
    being part of the 5-plus-1 group, which is handling the Iranian crisis
    issue.
        Now, Stephen Hadley said today that your position is that of waiting
    to see what might happen. Now, the White House was backing Italy's
    participation in the 5-plus-1 group. So an answer on that.
        And, Prime Minister Berlusconi, will there be changes in Italy's
    presence in Afghanistan and other trouble spots after your talks with
    President Bush this afternoon?
        President Bush. [Inaudible]--the P-5-plus-1. And I told Silvio I'd
    seriously consider it. I also made it clear, however, that all of us, P-
    5-plus-1 or not, need to be sending the same message to the Iranians,
    which is, verifiably suspend your enrichment program or else you will
    face further sanctions and further isolation. And the sad thing about
    this issue is that the Iranian people are suffering. They could be doing
    a lot better. Their lives could be much more hopeful, except their
    Government has made the decision to defy the demands of the free world,
    has made the decision to ignore the IAEA, and has continued to enrich in
    a way that we think is dangerous.
        And so the choice is theirs to make. Foreign Minister Solana is going to see the Iranianhere very shortly, and his message is one that--is
    the one I just delivered. And it's--I hope for the sake of the Iranian
    people that their Government changes course. There is a better way
    forward.
        I want to remind you something about this Iranian issue. Vladimir
    Putin, our mutual friend, went to the
    Iranians and said, you have a right to have civilian nuclear power. I
    have said the same thing publicly as well. I mean, I'm a big believer in
    nuclear power. I think the best way to deal with climate change is the
    spread of nuclear power. The best way to become less dependent on
    foreign sources of energy is nuclear power. And I believe Iran should
    have a civilian nuclear power. I don't believe they can be entrusted to
    enrich.
        And therefore, Vladimir Putin went and said--and he believes that--
    and he said, we'll provide the fuel for you, and we'll not only provide
    the fuel, we'll gather the spent fuel, so you don't need to enrich. So
    the argument of the Iranian Government that ``we have a right to have
    civilian nuclear power'' has been undermined by the Russian proposal.

    [[Page 799]]

        And so it will be interesting to see their decision. But what they
    need to hear is, is that we are firm in our resolve to prevent them from
    having the capacity to make a nuclear weapon.
        Prime Minister Berlusconi. And with regard to the question addressed
    to me, we've offered to join the other European countries, plus China,
    plus Russia, in order to make our contribution to the negotiations which
    are underway with the Iranian Government. Now, our offer is based on the
    fact that we know Iran very well from the inside. We have some leading
    companies that are operating in these countries, and therefore, we think
    that this would be very useful in helping President Bush and Vladimir
    Putin to pursue the strategy that they've determined for that country.
        Now, we obviously need to make sure that nuclear energy is being
    used for only peaceful reasons. With regard to the sanctions proposed by
    the United Nations, we have always abided by those. And the presence of
    our businesses have to do with agreements and contracts which date back
    several years.
        Now, with regard to our willingness to remove or lift any caveats
    with regard to Afghanistan, we discussed that. And we also said that we
    are willing to keep our troops in other fronts, as it were, in other
    areas--in Kosovo and Lebanon and wherever it is that our Italian
    soldiers are today.
        And I thank President Bush for his appreciation and acknowledgment
    of the Italian commitment in these international fronts. And in fact,
    there are 40,000 troops that are currently operating in our foreign
    missions. And we--there--we obviously have a turnover, and we always
    manage to keep that very large number of troops there. And we will
    continue, therefore, to pursue this, because we are fully convinced that
    it is extremely important to be able to establish democracy in Iraq.
    This is a very important country in that region, and we'll obviously
    continue to pursue our other efforts. And we obviously back any
    agreement that will help us to overcome any divisions in Lebanon.
        And we're also working on the agreements--on the negotiations for an
    agreement in Israel and the Middle East. And we are hoping that in all
    these countries it will be possible to establish peace and that they
    will certainly be able to become fully established democracies.
        The second Italian journalist is from ANSA, the leading news agency.

    U.S. Troop Levels in Iraq/Italian Foreign Policy

        Q. Good evening to all of you. I also have a couple of questions,
    one for President Bush--good evening, sir--and it is about Iraq. You've
    spoken about a change in the country. Do you think it might be at all
    possible to have a withdrawal, maybe a partial withdrawal, of U.S.
    troops? And if so, when do you think that might be?
        My second question is for you, Prime Minister Berlusconi. Today the
    President talked about the fact that Italian foreign policy might change
    pace, as it were, thanks to the dialogue that has been established among
    the political forces in Italy. Do you think that is so, and if you do,
    how do you think you can uphold the dialogue with the opposition in
    Italy?
        President Bush. The progress is such on the security front that
    we're--are bringing troops home. We anticipate having the troops that
    went in for this--what's called the surge--back home by July. General
    Petraeus will come back; he'll assess the
    situation--come back to the United States--and make further
    recommendations. I don't know what those recommendations will be. I have
    told the American people, though, that conditions on the ground, the
    situation in Iraq, should determine our troop levels.
        And so we are in the process of what's called return on success. And
    I had the honor of going to see the 82d Airborne that had been in Iraq,
    and they came home. And it was--I was--I am constantly

    [[Page 800]]

    amazed at the courage and the commitment of our troops. And I'm also
    pleased with the courage and commitment of the Iraqi Government and the
    people of Iraq. The situation is dramatically different than what it was
    a year ago. And United States and our allies must send a clear message
    to the Iraqis: We'll stand with them as their democracy continues to
    evolve and their economy continues to grow.
        Prime Minister Berlusconi. And now my question: I'm very happy to
    acknowledge the forecast made by the President of Italy with regard to
    the attitude being shown by the opposition. And we are happy to think
    that the opposition might like to support our foreign policy, and our
    foreign policy will go along the same lines that we pursued in our
    previous Government for those 5 years.
        And this is a pro-European integration foreign policy. It is a
    foreign policy which is based on the idea that we don't have two Western
    worlds, we don't have Europe on one side and the U.S. and Canada on the
    other. When we talk about the West, we mean only one West. And our
    foreign policy aims at being based on cordial relations with an
    important country such as the Russian Federation.
        So our policy is going to require our effort to strengthen the ties
    and the cooperation between the European Union and the Russian
    Federation. And it is a policy that will consider NATO to be the vehicle
    which will help to maintain and uphold peace throughout the world, as it
    has done over the past decades.
        Now, what about the wounds in the world, at--where we know that
    they're going to need our generosity? Democracies are going to have to
    help those people who cannot establish freedom on their own. And as I
    said earlier, we think that this is the only way that we can possibly
    pursue in order to enable and ensure peace throughout the world after
    having fully eliminated terrorism.
        Now let me also acknowledge your vision, Mr. President, your policy,
    and the courage that you have shown throughout all the years, of hard
    work on behalf--on the part of your administration. You've always
    expressed your ideas with great courage, your ideals for the future,
    your vision for the future. I have gotten to know President Bush very
    well. I consider him to be a very close friend, a very unique person.
    And when he says no, he means no; when he says yes, it means yes. And
    he's always known--he's always shown that he has been able to be very
    close to those friends of his who have shared his ideals.
        I thank you very much, Mr. President, for your friendship between
    the two of us, on a personal level, your friendship shown to our
    country. And I thank you for the very courageous role that you have
    always taken as the leader of the most important country in the world
    and--which is able to determine peace and freedom throughout the world.
        Thank you once again. Thank you for being here this evening. And
    thank you to all our American friends who are accompanying the
    President.

    Note: The President's news conference began at 7:39 p.m. in the Loggia
    di Raffaello at the Villa Madama. In his remarks, the President referred
    to Gov. Chester J. Culver of Iowa; Gov. James E. Doyle of Wisconsin;
    Gov. Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr., of Indiana; European Union Foreign
    Minister Javier Solana Madariaga; Minister of Foreign Affairs Manuchehr
    Motaki of Iran; Prime Minister Vladimir V. Putin of Russia; and Gen.
    David H. Petraeus, USA, commanding general, Multi-National Force--Iraq.
    Prime Minister Berlusconi referred to U.S. Republican Presidential
    candidate John McCain; and President Giorgio Napolitano of Italy. A
    reporter referred to Prime Minister Gordon Brown of the United Kingdom.
    Prime Minister Berlusconi and some reporters spoke in Italian, and their
    remarks were translated by an interpreter.

    [[Page 801]]