    [Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George W. Bush (2005, Book II)]
    [December 19, 2005]
    [Pages 1875-1888]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]

    The President's News Conference
    December 19, 2005

        The President. Welcome. Please be seated. Thanks.
        Last night I addressed the Nation about our strategy for victory in
    Iraq and the historic elections that took place in the country last
    week. In a nation that once lived by the whims of a brutal
    dictator, the Iraqi people now enjoy
    constitutionally protected freedoms, and their leaders now derive their
    powers from the consent of the governed. Millions of Iraqis are looking
    forward to a future with hope and optimism.
        The Iraqi people still face many challenges. This is the first time
    the Iraqis are forming a Government under their new Constitution. The
    Iraqi Constitution requires a two-thirds vote of the Parliament for
    certain top officials, so the formation of the new Government will take
    time as Iraqis work to build consensus. And once the new Iraqi
    Government assumes office, Iraq's new leaders will face many important
    decisions on issues such as security and reconstruction, economic
    reform, and national unity. The work ahead will require the patience of
    the Iraqi people and the patience and support of America and our
    coalition partners.
        As I said last night, this election does not mean the end of
    violence, but it is the beginning of something new, a constitutional
    democracy at the heart of the Middle East. And we will keep working
    toward our goal of a democratic Iraq that can govern itself, sustain
    itself, and defend itself.
        Our mission in Iraq is critical to victory in the global war on
    terror. After our country was attacked on September the 11th and nearly
    3,000 lives were lost, I vowed to do everything within my power to bring
    justice to those who were responsible. I also pledged to the American
    people to do everything within my power to prevent this from happening
    again. What we quickly

    [[Page 1876]]

    learned was that Al Qaida was not a conventional enemy. Some lived in
    our cities and communities and communicated from here in America to plot
    and plan with bin Laden's lieutenants in
    Afghanistan, Pakistan, and elsewhere. Then they boarded our airplanes
    and launched the worst attack on our country in our Nation's history.
        This new threat required us to think and act differently. And as the
    9/11 Commission pointed out, to prevent this from happening again, we
    need to connect the dots before the enemy attacks, not after. And we
    need to recognize that dealing with Al Qaida is not simply a matter of
    law enforcement; it requires defending the country against an enemy that
    declared war against the United States of America.
        As President and Commander in Chief, I have the constitutional
    responsibility and the constitutional authority to protect our country.
    Article II of the Constitution gives me that responsibility and the
    authority necessary to fulfill it. And after September the 11th, the
    United States Congress also granted me additional authority to use
    military force against Al Qaida.
        After September the 11th, one question my administration had to
    answer was how, using the authorities I have, how do we effectively
    detect enemies hiding in our midst and prevent them from striking us
    again? We know that a 2-minute phone conversation between somebody
    linked to Al Qaida here and an operative overseas could lead directly to
    the loss of thousands of lives. To save American lives, we must be able
    to act fast and to detect these conversations so we can prevent new
    attacks.
        So, consistent with U.S. law and the Constitution, I authorized the
    interception of international communications of people with known links
    to Al Qaida and related terrorist organizations. This program is
    carefully reviewed approximately every 45 days to ensure it is being
    used properly. Leaders in the United States Congress have been briefed
    more than a dozen times on this program. And it has been effective in
    disrupting the enemy while safeguarding our civil liberties.
        This program has targeted those with known links to Al Qaida. I've
    reauthorized this program more than 30 times since the September the
    11th attacks, and I intend to do so for so long as our Nation is--for so
    long as the Nation faces the continuing threat of an enemy that wants to
    kill American citizens.
        Another vital tool in the war on terror is the PATRIOT Act. After
    September the 11th, Congress acted quickly and responsibly by passing
    this law, which provides our law enforcement and intelligence community
    key tools to prevent attacks in our country. The PATRIOT Act tore down
    the legal and bureaucratic wall that kept law enforcement and
    intelligence authorities from sharing vital information about terrorist
    threats. It allows Federal investigators to pursue terrorists with tools
    already used against other types of criminals. America's law enforcement
    personnel have used this critical tool to prosecute terrorist operatives
    and their supporters and to breakup cells here in America.
        Yet key provisions of this law are set to expire in 12 days. The
    House of Representatives voted for reauthorization, but last week, a
    minority of Senators filibustered the PATRIOT Act, blocking the Senate
    from voting to reauthorize key provisions of this vital law. In fact,
    the Senate Democratic leader boasted to a group
    of political supporters that the Senate Democrats had ``killed the
    PATRIOT Act.'' Most of the Senators now filibustering the PATRIOT Act
    actually voted for it in 2001. These Senators need to explain why they
    thought the PATRIOT Act was a vital tool after the September the 11th
    attacks but now think it's no longer necessary.
        The terrorists want to strike America again, and they hope to
    inflict even greater damage than they did on September the 11th.
    Congress has a responsibility to give our law enforcement and
    intelligence officials the tools they need to protect the

    [[Page 1877]]

    American people. The Senators who are filibustering the PATRIOT Act must
    stop their delaying tactics, and the Senate must vote to reauthorize the
    PATRIOT Act. In the war on terror, we cannot afford to be without this
    law for a single moment.
        As we fight the war on terror, we'll also continue to work to build
    prosperity for our citizens. Because we cut taxes and restrained
    nonsecurity spending, our economy is strong, and it is getting stronger.
    We added 215,000 new jobs in November. We've added nearly 4.5 million
    new jobs since May of 2003. The unemployment rate is down to 5 percent,
    lower than the average of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Despite
    hurricanes and high gas prices, third-quarter growth was 4.3 percent.
    More Americans own their own homes than at any time in our history.
    Inflation is low. Productivity is high, and consumer confidence is up.
    We're heading into a new year with an economy that is the envy of the
    world, and we have every reason to be optimistic about our economic
    future.
        We made other important progress this year on the priorities of
    American families. We passed a good energy bill, and we're putting
    America on the path to make our economy less dependent on foreign
    sources of oil. We were wise with taxpayers' money and cut nonsecurity
    discretionary spending below last year's level. We passed the Central
    American-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement to open up markets and
    help level the playing field for America's workers and farmers and small
    businesses. We passed bankruptcy reform and class-action lawsuit reform.
    I appointed John Roberts as the 17th
    Chief Justice of the United States. Chief Justice Roberts is poised to
    lead the Supreme Court with integrity and prudence for decades to come.
        We've got more work to do in this coming year. To keep our economy
    growing, we need to keep taxes low and make the tax relief permanent. We
    must restrain Government spending, and I'm pleased that the House today
    has voted to rein in entitlement spending by $40 billion, and I urge the
    United States Senate to join them. We must reduce junk lawsuits and
    strengthen our education system and give more Americans the ability to
    obtain affordable health insurance. We must pass comprehensive
    immigration reform that protects our borders, strengthens enforcement,
    and creates a new temporary-worker program that relieves pressure on the
    border but rejects amnesty.
        I look forward to the Senate holding an up-or-down vote on Judge Sam
    Alito and confirming him by January
    20th as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. Judge Alito has more
    prior judicial experience than any Supreme Court nominee in more than 70
    years. He's a highly respected and principled jurist, and he will make
    our Nation proud as a member of the High Court.
        As we prepare to spend time with our families this holiday season,
    we also stop to count our blessings. We're thankful for our courageous
    men and women in uniform who are spending the holidays away from loved
    ones, standing watch for liberty in distant lands. We give thanks for
    our military families who love and support them in their vital work and
    who also serve our country. And we pray for the families of the fallen
    heroes. We hold them in our hearts and we lift them up in our prayers
    and we pledge that the sacrifice of their loved ones will never be
    forgotten.
        I'll be glad to answer some questions here, starting with you, Terry
    [Terence Hunt, Associated Press].

    Investigation of Leaks/Judicial Safeguards on Wiretaps

        Q. Thank you, sir. Are you going to order a leaks investigation into
    the disclosure of the NSA surveillance program? And why did you skip the
    basic safeguard of asking courts for permission for these intercepts?
        The President. Let me start with the first question. There is a
    process that goes on inside the Justice Department about leaks,

    [[Page 1878]]

    and I presume that process is moving forward. My personal opinion is it
    was a shameful act for someone to disclose this very important program
    in a time of war. The fact that we're discussing this program is helping
    the enemy.
        You've got to understand--and I hope the American people
    understand--there is still an enemy that would like to strike the United
    States of America, and they're very dangerous. And the discussion about
    how we try to find them will enable them to adjust. Now, I can
    understand you asking these questions, and if I were you, I'd be asking
    me these questions too. But it is a shameful act by somebody who has got
    secrets of the United States Government and feels like they need to
    disclose them publicly.
        Let me give you an example about my concerns about letting the enemy
    know what may or may not be happening. In the late 1990s, our Government
    was following Usama bin Laden because he was
    using a certain type of telephone. And then the fact that we were
    following Usama bin Laden because he was using a certain type of
    telephone made it into the press as the result of a leak. And guess what
    happened? Saddam--Usama bin Laden changed his behavior. He began to
    change how he communicated.
        We're at war, and we must protect America's secrets. And so the
    Justice Department, I presume, will proceed forward with a full
    investigation. I haven't ordered one, because I understand there's kind
    of a natural progression that will take place when this kind of leak
    emerges.
        The second part of the question is? Sorry, I gave a long answer.
        Q. It was, why did you skip the basic safeguards of asking courts
    for permission for the intercepts?
        The President. First of all, I--right after September the 11th, I
    knew we were fighting a different kind of war. And so I asked people in
    my administration to analyze how best for me and our Government to do
    the job people expect us to do, which is to detect and prevent a
    possible attack. That's what the American people want. We looked at the
    possible scenarios. And the people responsible for helping us protect
    and defend came forth with the current program, because it enables us to
    move faster and quicker. And that's important. We've got to be fast on
    our feet, quick to detect and prevent.
        We use FISA still--you're referring to the FISA court in your
    question--of course we use FISAs. But FISA is for long-term monitoring.
    What is needed in order to protect the American people is the ability to
    move quickly to detect.
        Now, having suggested this idea, I then, obviously, went to the
    question, is it legal to do so? I am--I swore to uphold the laws. Do I
    have the legal authority to do this? And the answer is, absolutely. As I
    mentioned in my remarks, the legal authority is derived from the
    Constitution as well as the authorization of force by the United States
    Congress.
        Adam [Adam Entous, Reuters].

    Iraqi Elections and Constitution

        Q. Mr. President, you have hailed the Iraqi elections as a success,
    but some lawmakers say you are not focusing on the threat of civil war.
    Do you fear a civil war? And how hard will you push Iraq's competing
    political parties to get a Government and a constitutional compromise?
        The President. I appreciate that. We look at all contingencies, but
    my optimism about a unified Iraq moving forward was confirmed when over
    10 million people went to the polls under a--and voted for a Government
    under the new Constitution. Constitutions tend to bind societies.
        Now, there are some things we've got to watch, Adam, for certain.
    One, is we've got to help the Iraqi Government as best as they need
    help, to stand up a Government as quickly as possible. In other words,
    we're urging them: Don't delay; move as

    [[Page 1879]]

    quickly as you can; solve the--get the political parties--once the vote
    is completed, get the political parties together and come up with a
    Government.
        And it's going to take awhile, because, first of all, the ballots
    won't be fully counted, I guess, until early January. And then, as I
    mentioned in my remarks, it takes a two-thirds vote to--first, to seat
    certain officials. Sometimes it's hard to achieve a two-thirds vote in
    legislative bodies. How about the Senate, for example? [Laughter] But
    nevertheless, it's going to take awhile. And the American people have
    got to understand that we think in terms of elections, most of our
    elections end the day after the election. Sometimes they don't, Adam.
    [Laughter] And so you're going to see a lot of give-and-take, and it's
    important for us to get this process moving forward.
        Secondly, there is an opportunity to amend the Constitution. You
    remember that was part of the deal with the Iraqis in order to get this
    process moving. And we'll want to make sure we're monitoring and
    involved with that part. In other words, involvement doesn't mean
    telling the sovereign Government what to do. Involvement means giving
    advice as to how to move forward so a country becomes more unified. And
    I'm very optimistic about the way forward for the Iraqi people.
        And the reason why is based upon the fact that the Iraqis have shown
    incredible courage. Think about what has happened in a brief period of
    time--relatively brief. I know with all the TV stations and stuff in
    America, 2\1/2\ years seems like an eternity. But in the march of
    history, it's not all that long. They have gone from tyranny to an
    amazing election last December. If I'd have stood up here a year ago, in
    one of my many press conferences, and told you that in the--``Next year
    I make this prediction to you: That over 10 million Iraqis, including
    many Sunnis, will vote for a permanent Government,'' I think you
    probably would have said, ``There he goes again.''
        But it happened. And it happened because the Iraqis want to live in
    a free society. And what's important about this election is that Iraq
    will become an ally in the war on terror, and Iraq will serve as a
    beacon for what is possible, a beacon of freedom in a part of the world
    that is desperate for freedom and liberty. And as I say in my speeches,
    a free Iraq will serve as such an optimistic and hopeful example for
    reformers from Tehran to Damascus. And that's an important part of a
    strategy to help lay the foundation of peace for generations.
        John [John Roberts, CBS News].

    President's Decision on Iraq

        Q. Thank you, Mr. President. So many questions, so little time.
        The President. Well, keep your question short, then. [Laughter]
        Q. I'll do my best, sir. But sir, you've shown a remarkable spirit
    of candor in the last couple of weeks in your conversation and speeches
    about Iraq. And I'm wondering if, in that spirit, I might ask you a
    question that you didn't seem to have an answer for the last time you
    were asked, and that is, what would you say is the biggest mistake
    you've made during your Presidency, and what have you learned from it?
        The President. Answering Dickerson's [John Dickerson, TIME]
    question. No, I--the last time those questions were asked, I really felt
    like it was an attempt for me to say it was a mistake to go into Iraq.
    And it wasn't a mistake to go into Iraq. It was the right decision to
    make.
        I think that, John, there's going to be a lot of analysis done on
    the decisions on the ground in Iraq. For example, I'm fully aware that
    some have said it was a mistake not to put enough troops there
    immediately--or more troops. I made my decision based upon the
    recommendations of Tommy Franks, and I still
    think it was the right decision to make. But history will judge.

    [[Page 1880]]

        I said the other day that a mistake was trying to train a civilian
    defense force and an Iraqi army at the same time but not giving the
    civilian defense force enough training and tools necessary to be able to
    battle a group of thugs and killers. And so we adjusted.
        And the point I'm trying to make to the American people in this, as
    you said, candid dialog--I hope I've been candid all along, but in the
    candid dialog--is to say, we're constantly changing our tactics to meet
    the changing tactics of an enemy. And that's important for our citizens
    to understand.
        Thank you. Kelly [Kelly Wallace, Cable News Network].

    Open Dialog on Wiretaps

        Q. Thank you, Mr. President. If you believe that present law needs
    to be faster, more agile, concerning the surveillance of conversations
    from someone in the United States to somewhere outside the country----
        The President. Right.
        Q. ----why, in the 4 years since 9/11, has your administration not
    sought to get changes in the law instead of bypassing it, as some of
    your critics have said?
        The President. No, I appreciate that. First, I want to make clear to
    the people listening that this program is limited in nature to those
    that are known Al Qaida ties and/or affiliates. That's important. So
    it's a program that's limited, and you brought up something that I want
    to stress, and that is, is that these calls are not intercepted within
    the country. They are from outside the country to in the country or vice
    versa. So in other words, this is not a--if you're calling from Houston
    to L.A., that call is not monitored. And if there was ever any need to
    monitor, there would be a process to do that.
        I think I've got the authority to move forward, Kelly. I mean, this
    is what it's--and the Attorney General
    was out briefing this morning and I--about why it's legal to make the
    decisions I'm making. I can fully understand why Members of Congress are
    expressing concerns about civil liberties. I know that. And it's--I
    share the same concerns. I want to make sure the American people
    understand, however, that we have an obligation to protect you, and
    we're doing that and, at the same time, protecting your civil liberties.
        Secondly, an open debate about law would say to the enemy, ``Here's
    what we're going to do.'' And this is an enemy which adjusts. We monitor
    this program carefully. We have consulted with Members of the Congress
    over a dozen times. We are constantly reviewing the program. Those of us
    who review the program have a duty to uphold the laws of the United
    States, and we take that duty very seriously.
        Let's see here--Martha [Martha Raddatz, ABC News]--working my way
    around the electronic media, here.

    Domestic Wiretaps

        Q. Thank you, Mr. President. You say you have an obligation to
    protect us. Then why not monitor those calls between Houston and L.A.?
    If the threat is so great, and you use the same logic, why not monitor
    those calls? Americans thought they weren't being spied on in calls
    overseas--why not within the country, if the threat is so great?
        The President. We will, under current law, if we have to. We will
    monitor those calls. And that's why there is a FISA law. We will apply
    for the right to do so. And there's a difference--let me finish--there
    is a difference between detecting, so we can prevent, and monitoring.
    And it's important to know the distinction between the two.
        Q. But preventing is one thing, and you said the FISA laws
    essentially don't work because of the speed in monitoring calls
    overseas.
        The President. I said we use the FISA courts to monitor calls. It's
    a very important tool, and we do use it. I just want to make sure we've
    got all tools at our disposal. This

    [[Page 1881]]

    is an enemy which is quick, and it's lethal. And sometimes we have to
    move very, very quickly. But if there is a need based upon evidence, we
    will take that evidence to a court in order to be able to monitor calls
    within the United States.
        Who haven't I called on, let's see here. Suzanne [Suzanne Malveaux,
    Cable News Network].

    Congressional Oversight

        Q. Democrats have said that you have acted beyond the law and that
    you have even broken the law. There are some Republicans who are calling
    for congressional hearings and even an independent investigation. Are
    you willing to go before Members of Congress and explain this
    eavesdropping program? And do you support an independent investigation?
        The President. We have been talking to Members of the United States
    Congress. We have met with them over 12 times. And it's important for
    them to be brought into this process. Again, I repeat, I understand
    people's concerns. But I also want to assure the American people that I
    am doing what you expect me to do, which is to safeguard civil liberties
    and, at the same time, protect the United States of America. And we've
    explained the authorities under which I'm making our decisions and will
    continue to do so.
        Secondly, there is a committee--two committees on the Hill which are
    responsible, and that's the Intelligence Committee. Again, any public
    hearings on programs will say to the enemy, here's what they do; adjust.
    This is a war. Of course we consult with Congress and have been
    consulting with Congress and will continue to do so.
        Wendell [Wendell Goler, FOX News Channel]. You got a little problem
    there, Wendell? [Laughter]

    Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction/Iraq

        Q. I'm caught, Mr. President.
        The President. Oh, you're caught. [Laughter] Well, liberate him.
    [Laughter]
        Q. You've talked about your decision to go to war and the bad
    intelligence, and you've carefully separated the intelligence from the
    decision, saying that it was the right decision to go to war despite the
    problems with the intelligence, sir. But with respect, the intelligence
    helped you build public support for the war. And so I wonder if now, as
    you look back, if you look at that intelligence and feel that the
    intelligence and your use of it might bear some responsibility for the
    current divisions in the country over the war, and what can you do about
    it, sir?
        The President. No, I appreciate that. First of all, I can understand
    why people were--well, wait a minute. Everybody thought there was
    weapons of mass destruction, and there weren't any. I felt the same way.
    We looked at the intelligence and felt certain that Saddam
    Hussein had weapons of mass destruction.
    Intelligence agencies around the world felt the same way, by the way.
    Members of the United States Congress looked at the National
    Intelligence Estimate--same intelligence estimate I looked at--and came
    to the same conclusion, Wendell.
        So in other words, there was universal--there was a universal
    feeling that he had weapons of mass destruction. As a matter of fact, it
    was so universal that the United Nations Security Council passed
    numerous resolutions. And so when the weapons weren't there, like many
    Americans, I was concerned and wondered why. That's why we set up the
    Silberman-Robb Commission to address intelligence shortfalls, to
    hopefully see to it that this kind of situation didn't arise.
        Now, having said all that, what we did find after the war was that
    Saddam Hussein had the desire to--or the
    liberation--Saddam had the desire to reconstitute his weapons programs.
    In other words, he had the capacity to reconstitute them. America

    [[Page 1882]]

    was still his enemy. And of course, he manipulated the Oil-for-Food
    Programme in the hopes of ending sanctions. In our view, he was just
    waiting for the world to turn its head, to look away, in order to
    reconstitute the programs. He was dangerous then. It's the right
    decision to have removed Saddam.
        Now, the American people--I will continue to speak to the American
    people on this issue, to not only describe the decisionmaking process
    but also the way forward. I gave a speech prior to the liberation of
    Iraq, when I talked about a broader strategic objective, which is the
    establishment of democracy. And I've talked about democracy in Iraq.
    Certainly it's not the only rationale; I'm not claiming that. But I also
    want you to review that speech so that you get a sense for not only the
    desire to remove a threat, but also the desire to help establish
    democracy. And the amazing thing about--in Iraq, as a part of a broader
    strategy to help what I call, ``lay the foundation of peace,''
    democracies don't war; democracies are peaceful countries.
        And what you're seeing now is an historic moment, because I believe
    democracies will spread. I believe when people get the taste for freedom
    or see a neighbor with a taste for freedom, they will demand the same
    thing, because I believe in the universality of freedom. I believe
    everybody has the desire to be free. I recognize some don't believe
    that, which basically condemns some to tyranny. I strongly believe that
    deep in everybody's soul is the desire to live in liberty, and if given
    a chance, they will choose that path. And it's not easy to do that. The
    other day, I gave a speech and talked about how our road to our
    Constitution, which got amended shortly after it was approved, was
    pretty bumpy. We tried the Articles of Confederation. It didn't work.
    There was a lot of, kind of, civil unrest. But nevertheless, in that--
    deep in the soul is the desire to live in liberty; people--make the--
    have got the patience and the steadfastness to achieve that objective.
    And that is what we're seeing in Iraq.
        And it's not going to be easy. It's still going to be hard, because
    we're getting rid of decades of bitterness. If you're a--you know, you
    find these secret prisons where people have been tortured, that's
    unacceptable. And yet there are some who still want to have retribution
    against people who harmed them.
        Now, I'll tell you an amazing story; at least I thought it was
    amazing. We had people--first-time voters, or voters in the Iraqi
    election, come in to see me in the Oval. They had just voted that day,
    and they came in. It was exciting to talk to people. And one person
    said, ``How come you're giving Saddam Hussein
    a trial?'' I said, ``First of all, it's your Government, not ours.'' She
    said, ``He doesn't deserve a trial. He deserves immediate death for what
    he did to my people.'' And it just struck me about how strongly she felt
    about the need to not have a rule of law, that there needed to be quick
    retribution, that he didn't deserve it. And I said to her, ``Don't you
    see that the trial itself stands in such contrast to the tyrant that
    that in itself is a victory for freedom and a defeat for tyranny,'' just
    the trial alone. And it's important that there be rule of law.
        My only point to you is there's a lot of work to get rid of the
    past, yet we're headed in the right direction. And it's an exciting
    moment in history.
        Stretch [Richard Keil, Bloomberg News].

    Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act

        Q. Thank you, Mr. President. Getting back to the domestic spying
    issue for a moment. According to FISA's own records, it's received
    nearly 19,000 requests for wiretaps or search warrants since 1979,
    rejected just five of them. It also operates in secret, so security
    shouldn't be a concern, and it can be applied retroactively. Given such
    a powerful tool of law enforcement is at your disposal, sir, why did you
    see fit to sidetrack that process?

    [[Page 1883]]

        The President. We used the process to monitor. But also, this is a
    different era, a different war, Stretch. So what we're--people are
    changing phone numbers and phone calls, and they're moving quick. And
    we've got to be able to detect and prevent. I keep saying that, but this
    is a--it requires quick action.
        And without revealing the operating details of our program, I just
    want to assure the American people that, one, I've got the authority to
    do this; two, it is a necessary part of my job to protect you; and
    three, we're guarding your civil liberties. And we're guarding the civil
    liberties by monitoring the program on a regular basis, by having the
    folks at NSA, the legal team, as well as the Inspector General, monitor the program, and we're briefing Congress.
    This is a part of our effort to protect the American people. The
    American people expect us to protect them and protect their civil
    liberties. I'm going to do that. That's my job, and I'm going to
    continue doing my job.
        Let's see here--Sanger [David Sanger, New York Times].

    Impact of Intelligence Failures/Iran

        Q. Thank you, Mr. President. Following up on Wendell's question
    about the intelligence failures ahead of Iraq, one of the side effects
    appears to have been that the United States has lost some credibility
    with its allies when it goes to them with new intelligence. You, for
    example, your administration, has been sharing with some of your allies
    the contents of a laptop computer that was found in Iran concerning
    their nuclear program. Yet you are still having----
        The President. Is that classified? [Laughter] No, never mind,
    Sanger.
        Q. Yet you are still having some difficulty convincing people that
    Iran has a nuclear program. Can you tell us whether or not you think one
    of the side effects of the intelligence failure has been that it has
    limited your ability to deal with future threats like Iran, like North
    Korea, or any other future threats concerning terrorists?
        The President. Sanger, I hate to admit it, but that's an excellent
    question. No question that the intelligence failure on weapons of mass
    destruction caused all intelligence services to have to step back and
    reevaluate the process of gathering and analyzing intelligence--no doubt
    about that. And so there's been a lot of work done to work with other
    intelligence agencies to share information about what went right and
    what went wrong, as well as to build credibility among all services.
        I think, David, where it is going to be most difficult to make the
    case is in the public arena. People will say, ``If we're trying to make
    the case on Iran, well, the intelligence failed in Iraq; therefore, how
    can we trust the intelligence in Iran?'' And part of the reason why
    there needs to be a public message on this is because the first hope and
    the first step is a diplomatic effort to get the Iranians to comply with
    the demands of the free world. If they don't, there's--along the
    diplomatic path, there's always the United Nations Security Council. But
    that case of making--beginning to say to the Iranians, ``There are
    consequences for not behaving,'' requires people to believe that the
    Iranian nuclear program is, to a certain extent, ongoing. And so we're
    working hard on that. I mean, it's no question that the credibility of
    intelligence is necessary for good diplomacy.
        Q. Do you intend to make that case publicly too, sir? You haven't
    yet laid out the evidence on Iran----
        The President. Well, I think that the best place to make the case
    now is still in the councils of government and convincing the EU-3, for
    example, to continue working the diplomatic angle. Of course, we want
    this to be solved diplomatically, and we want the Iranians to hear a
    unified voice. I think people believe that--I know this: People know
    that an Iran with the capacity to manufacture a nuclear weapon is not in
    the world's interest. That's universally

    [[Page 1884]]

    accepted. And that should be accepted universally, particularly after
    what the President recently said about
    the desire to annihilate, for example, an ally of the United States.
        And so the idea of Iran having a nuclear weapon is--people say,
    ``Well, we can't let that happen.'' The next step is to make sure that
    the world understands that the capacity to enrich uranium for a civilian
    program would lead to a weapons program. And so therefore, we cannot
    allow the Iranians to have the capacity to enrich. One of the reasons
    why I proposed working with the Russians, the Russian idea of allowing
    Iran to have a civilian nuclear powerplant industry without enriched
    material--in other words, the enriched materials--without enriching
    material, the enriching material would come from Russia, in this case,
    and be picked up by the Russians, was to prevent them from having the
    capacity to develop a nuclear weapon.
        So I think there's universal agreement that we don't want them to
    have a weapon. And there is agreement that they should not be allowed to
    learn how to make a weapon. And beyond that, I think that's all I'm
    going to say.
        But, appreciate it.
        Baker [Peter Baker, Washington Post].

    War on Terror and Safeguarding Civil Liberties

        Q. Thank you, Mr. President. I wonder if you can tell us today, sir,
    what, if any, limits you believe there are or should be on the powers of
    a President during a war, at wartime? And if the global war on terror is
    going to last for decades, as has been forecast, does that mean that
    we're going to see, therefore, a more or less permanent expansion of the
    unchecked power of the Executive in American society?
        The President. First of all, I disagree with your assertion of
    ``unchecked power.''
        Q. Well----
        The President. Hold on for a second, please. There is the check of
    people being sworn to uphold the law, for starters. There is oversight.
    We're talking to Congress all the time, and on this program, to suggest
    there's unchecked power is not listening to what I'm telling you. I'm
    telling you, we have briefed the United States Congress on this program
    a dozen times.
        This is an awesome responsibility, to make decisions on behalf of
    the American people, and I understand that, Peter. And we'll continue to
    work with the Congress, as well as people within our own administration,
    to constantly monitor programs such as the one I described to you, to
    make sure that we're protecting the civil liberties of the United
    States. To say ``unchecked power'' basically is ascribing some kind of
    dictatorial position to the President, which I strongly reject.
        Q. What limits do you see, sir? What limits do you see broadening--
    --
        The President. I just described limits on this particular program,
    Peter. And that's what's important for the American people to
    understand. I am doing what you expect me to do and, at the same time,
    safeguarding the civil liberties of the country.
        John [John McKinnon, Wall Street Journal].

    President's Goals for 2006

        Q. Thank you, sir. Looking ahead to this time next year, what are
    the top three or top five--take your pick--accomplishments that you hope
    to have achieved? And in particular, what is your best case scenario for
    troop levels in Iraq at this time next year?
        The President. This is kind of like--this is the ultimate benchmark
    question. You're trying to not only get me to give benchmarks in Iraq
    but also benchmarks domestically.
        I hope the world is more peaceful. I hope democracy continues to
    take root around the world. And I hope people are able to find jobs. The
    job base of this country is expanding, and we need to keep it that way.
    We want people working. I want

    [[Page 1885]]

    New Orleans and Mississippi to be better places. I appreciate very much
    the progress that Congress is making toward helping a vision of New
    Orleans rising up and the gulf coast of Mississippi being reconstructed.
    I think we can make good progress down there.
        One of the key decisions our administration has made is to make sure
    that the levees are better than they were before Katrina, in New
    Orleans. That will help--people will have the confidence necessary to
    make investments and to take risk and to expand.
        I appreciate the Congress, and I'm looking forward to the Senate
    confirming--affirming the U.S. Congress's decisions to fund the
    education or reimburse States for education. There's some good health
    care initiatives in the bill. We want to make sure that people don't get
    booted out of housing. We want to work carefully to make sure people
    understand that there are benefits or help available that--for them to
    find housing. We want to continue to move temporary housing on the gulf
    coast of Mississippi so people can get better--closer to their
    neighborhoods and get their homes rebuilt. We want to start helping
    Mayor Nagin get temporary housing near New
    Orleans so as this economy comes back, people will be able to find jobs.
        I appreciate the fact that the Congress passed the GO Zone tax
    incentives in order to attract capital into the region. So one of my
    hopes is, is that people are able to find hope and optimism after the
    Katrina disaster down there, that people's lives get up and running
    again, that people see a brighter future. I've got a lot of hopes, and
    I'm looking forward to working with Congress to get those--to achieve
    some big goals.
        Joe [Joseph Curl, Washington Times].
        Q. [Inaudible]
        The President. You see, I hope by now you've discovered something
    about me, that when I say we're not going to have artificial timetables
    of withdrawal, and/or, you know, trying to get me out on a limb on what
    the troop levels will look like--the answer to your question on troop
    levels is, it's conditions-based. We have an objective in Iraq, and as
    we meet those objectives, our commanders on the ground will determine
    the size of the troop levels.
        Nice try--end of your try.
        Joe.

    Timetables and Terrorism

        Q. Mr. President, you said last night that there were only two
    options in Iraq, withdrawal or victory. And you asked Americans,
    especially opponents of the war, to reject partisan politics. Do you
    really expect congressional Democrats to end their partisan warfare and
    embrace your war strategy? And what can you do about that to make that
    happen?
        The President. Actually, I said that victory in Iraq is much larger
    than a person, a President, or a political party. And I've had some good
    visits with Senate and House Democrats about the way forward. They share
    the same concerns I share. You know, they want our troops out of Iraq as
    quickly as possible, but they don't want to do so without achieving a
    victory. These are good, solid Americans that agree that we must win for
    the sake of our security. And I'm interested in, Joe, their ideas and
    will continue to listen carefully to their ideas.
        On the other hand, there are some in this country that believe,
    strongly believe, that we ought to get out now. And I just don't agree
    with them. It's a wrong strategy, and I'd like to tell you again why.
    One, it would dishearten the Iraqis. The Iraqis are making a great--
    showing great courage to setting up a democracy. And a democracy in
    Iraq--I know I've said this, and I'm going to keep saying it, because I
    want the American people to understand--a democracy in Iraq is vital in
    the long run to defeating terrorism. And the reason why is, is because
    democracy is hopeful and optimistic.

    [[Page 1886]]

        Secondly, it sends the wrong signal to our troops. We've got young
    men and women over there sacrificing. And all of a sudden, because of
    politics or some focus group or some poll, they stand up and say,
    ``We're out of there.'' I can't think of anything more dispiriting
    than--to a kid risking his or her life than to see decisions made based
    upon politics.
        Thirdly, it sends the wrong signal to the enemy. It just says,
    ``Wait them out. They're soft. They don't have the courage to complete
    the mission. All we've got to do is continue to kill and get these
    images on the TV screens, and the Americans will leave.'' And all that
    will do is embolden these people. Now, I recognize there is a debate in
    the country, and I fully understand that, about the nature of the enemy.
    I hear people say, because we took action in Iraq, we stirred them up;
    they're dangerous. No, they were dangerous before we went into Iraq.
    That's what the American people have got to understand. That's why I
    took the decision I took on the NSA decision, because I understand how
    dangerous they are. And they want to hit us again.
        Let me say something about the PATRIOT Act, if you don't mind. It is
    inexcusable for the United States Senate to let this PATRIOT Act expire.
    You know, there's an interesting debate in Washington, and you're part
    of it, that says, well, they didn't connect the dots prior to September
    the 11th--``they'' being not only my administration but previous
    administrations. And I understand that debate. I'm not being critical of
    you bringing this issue up and discussing it, but there was a--you might
    remember, if you take a step back, people were pretty adamant about
    hauling people up to testify and wondering how come the dots weren't
    connected.
        Well, the PATRIOT Act helps us connect the dots. And now the United
    States Senate is going to let this bill expire. Not the Senate--a
    minority of Senators. And I want Senators from New York or Los Angeles
    or Las Vegas to go home and explain why these cities are safer. It is
    inexcusable to say, on the one hand, connect the dots, and not give us a
    chance to do so. We've connected the dots--or trying to connect the dots
    with the NSA program. And again, I understand the press and Members of
    the United States Congress saying, ``Are you sure you're safeguarding
    civil liberties?'' That's a legitimate question and an important
    question. And today I hope I'll help answer that. But we're connecting
    dots as best as we possibly can.
        I mentioned in my radio address--my live TV-radio address--that
    there was two killers in San Diego making phone calls prior to the
    September the 11th attacks. Had this program been in place then, it is
    more likely we would have been able to catch them. But they're making
    phone calls from the United States, overseas, talking about--who knows
    what they're talking about, but they ended up killing--being a part of
    the team that killed 3,000 Americans. And so--I forgot what got me on
    the subject, but nevertheless, I'm going to--we're doing the right
    thing.
        April [April Ryan, American Urban Radio Networks].

    Issues of Race

        Q. Mr. President, in making the case for domestic spying, could you
    tell us about planned attacks on the U.S. that were thwarted through
    your domestic spying plan? And also, on the issue of race, since you
    brought up the issue of Katrina, 2005 gave us your defense of yourself
    on race, and some are still not sold on that. In 2006, what are you
    giving to the Nation on the issue of race, as we're looking to the
    renewal of the Voting Rights Act in 2007 and things of that nature?
        The President. Yes, thanks. April, the fact that some in America
    believe that I am not concerned about race troubles me. One of the jobs
    of the President is to help people reconcile and to move forward and to
    unite. One of the most hurtful things I

    [[Page 1887]]

    can hear is, ``Bush doesn't care about African Americans,'' for example.
    First of all, it's not true. And secondly, I believe that--obviously
    I've got to do a better job of communicating, I guess, to certain folks,
    because my job is to say to people, we're all equally American, and the
    American opportunity applies to you just as much as somebody else. And
    so I will continue to do my best, April, to reach out.
        Now, you talked about--and we have an opportunity, by the way, in
    New Orleans, for example, to make sure the education system works, to
    make sure that we promote ownership. I think it is vitally important for
    ownership to extend to more than just a single community. I think the
    more African Americans own their own business, the better off America
    is. I feel strongly that if we can get people to own and manage their
    own retirement accounts, like personal accounts and Social Security, it
    makes society a better place. I want people to be able to say, ``This is
    my asset.'' Heretofore, kind of asset accumulation may have been only a
    part of--a single--a part of--a segmented part of our strategy. We want
    assets being passed from one generation to the next. I take pride in
    this statistic, that more African Americans own a home, or more
    minorities own a home, now than ever before in our Nation's history, not
    just African Americans. That's positive.
        I still want to make sure, though, that people understand that I
    care about them, and that my view of the future, a bright future,
    pertains to them as much as any other neighborhood.
        Now, you've mentioned the Voting Rights Act. Congress needs to
    reauthorize it, and I'll sign it.
        The other question was?
        Q. Sir----
        The President. You asked a multiple-part question.
        Q. Yes, I did.
        The President. Thank you for violating the multiple-part question
    rule.
        Q. I didn't know there was a law on that. [Laughter]
        The President. There's not a law. It's an Executive order.
    [Laughter] In this case, not monitored by the Congress--[laughter]--nor
    is there any administrative oversight. [Laughter]

    Protecting Intelligence Sources and Methods

        Q. Well, without breaking any laws, on to--back on domestic spying.
    Making the case for that, can you give us some example----
        The President. Oh, I got you. Yes, sorry. No, I'm not going to talk
    about that, because it would help give the enemy notification and/or,
    perhaps, signal to them methods and uses and sources. And we're not
    going to do that, which is--it's really important for people to
    understand that the protection of sources and the protections of methods
    and how we use information to understand the nature of the enemy is
    secret. And the reason it's secret is because if it's not secret, the
    enemy knows about it, and if the enemy knows about it, adjusts.
        And again, I want to repeat what I said about Usama bin Laden, the man who ordered the attack that killed 3,000
    Americans. We were listening to him. He was using a type of cell phone
    or a type of phone, and we put it in the newspaper--somebody put it in
    the newspaper that this was the type of device he was using to
    communicate with his team, and he changed. I don't know how I can make
    the point more clear, that any time we give up--and this is before they
    attacked us, by the way--revealing sources, methods, and what we use the
    information for, simply says to the enemy, ``Change.''
        Now, if you don't think there's an enemy out there, then I can
    understand why you ought to say, ``Just tell us all you know.'' I happen
    to know there's an enemy there. And the enemy wants to attack us. That
    is why I hope you can feel my passion about the PATRIOT Act. It is
    inexcusable to say to the American people, ``We're

    [[Page 1888]]

    going to be tough on terror but take away the very tools necessary to
    help fight these people.'' And by the way, the tools exist still to
    fight medical fraud, in some cases, or other--or drug dealers. But with
    the expiration of the PATRIOT Act, it prevents us from using them to
    fight the terrorists. Now, that is just unbelievable. And I'm going to
    continue talking about this issue and reminding the American people
    about the importance of the PATRIOT Act and how necessary it is for us
    in Washington, DC, to do our job to protect you.
        Let's see, who else? Jackson--Action Jackson [David Jackson, USA
    Today]. Got him a new job and everything.

    President's Leadership

        Q. Thank you, sir. One of the things we've seen this year is the
    reduction in your approval ratings. And I know how you feel about polls,
    but it appears to be taking something out of your political clout, as
    evidenced by the PATRIOT Act vote. What do you attribute your lower
    polls to, and are you worried that independents are losing confidence in
    your leadership?
        The President. David, my job is to confront big challenges and lead.
    And I fully understand, everybody is not going to agree with my
    decisions. But the President's job is to do what he thinks is right, and
    that's what I'm going to continue to do.
        Secondly, if people want to play politics with the PATRIOT Act,
    it's--let me just put--it's not in the best interests of the country,
    David. And yesterday--or this morning, I spoke to the Speaker, who called me. He said, ``Mr. President, we had a
    pretty good couple of days. Got your budget passed. Got the Katrina
    relief package going forward. We're supporting our troops. We've got the
    free trade''--we talked about passing CAFTA in the past. I mean, we've
    done a lot. And it's good for the country, by the way.
        And so I'm just going to keep doing my job. Maybe you can keep
    focusing on all these focus groups and polls and all that business. My
    job is to lead, to keep telling the American people what I believe, work
    to bring people together to achieve a common objective, stand on
    principle, and that's the way I'm going to lead. I did so in 2005, and
    I'm going to do so in 2006.
        Thank you all for coming. Happy holidays to you. Appreciate it.

    Note: The President's news conference began at 10:32 a.m. in the East
    Room at the White House. In his remarks, he referred to former President
    Saddam Hussein of Iraq; Usama bin Laden, leader of the Al Qaida
    terrorist organization; President Mahmud Ahmadi-nejad of Iran; and Mayor
    C. Ray Nagin of New Orleans, LA. The Office of the Press Secretary also
    released a Spanish language transcript of this news conference.