[Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George W. Bush (2005, Book I)]
[February 10, 2005]
[Pages 199-213]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]



Remarks in a Discussion on Strengthening Social Security in Raleigh, 
North Carolina
February 10, 2005

    The President. Thank you all for coming. Thanks for coming. Okay. 
Thanks for the warm welcome. We got a lot of work to do here. [Laughter]
    Audience member. [Inaudible]
    The President. Yes, thanks. Okay. Listen, we're here to talk about 
an important subject. And I want to thank some of our

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fellow citizens for agreeing to join me up here on the stage. It's not 
easy, frankly, to go from kind of a quiet civilian life to agree to sit 
up here with the President and all the cameras. [Laughter] But I think 
you're going to find this to be a very interesting dialog about Social 
Security.
    I've got some things I want to say before we talk about Social 
Security. First, I send greetings from Laura. On 
the way out she said, ``When you get down to North Carolina, tell 
everybody hello, and make sure that the panelists get to talk.'' 
[Laughter] She knows me well. [Laughter]
    I know that Elizabeth Dole helped set up 
this event. I am--she is staying back in Washington because there are 
crucial votes coming up. I believe that one of our--an important 
initiative, and that is to bring reasonable legal reform on class-action 
lawsuits, will pass. So she and Senator Burr are staying back to vote. I 
hope you excuse them. I certainly did. [Laughter]
    I'm also pleased that a person who set an example of what it means 
to be a person who sticks to his principles and is a fine United States 
Senator has joined us, Senator Jesse Helms. 
Thank you for coming. Proud you're here. It sounds like to me they still 
remember you. [Laughter]
    I want to thank the statewide officials who are here. They were 
bravely standing at the base of Air Force One when I arrived, and the 
wind was blowing hard, but they nevertheless stuck it out and greeted 
me. I want to thank you for being there. I want to thank the local folks 
who are here.
    I met a fellow named Jim Van Strien. He's 
what I call a USA Freedom Corps volunteer. He works for the RSVP 
program. He's been helping to welcome U.S. service men and women home. 
He's the kind of fellow who--[applause]--let me finish, and then you can 
thank him. He's the kind of fellow who's taken time out of his day to 
volunteer to make somebody else's life better.
    Now, the strength of this country is the fact that we've got 
millions of citizens who are willing to do so. The true strength of 
America is we've got people of open hearts and great spirit who are 
willing to make society a better place as a result of volunteering. If 
you're interested in serving our country, feed the hungry, find shelter 
for the homeless, put your arm around somebody who hurts and say, ``I 
love you, Brother, or Sister.''

    Jim, thank you for setting such a good 
example, and welcome.

    The world is getting more free, and therefore, a future generation 
of Americans and kids around the world is more likely to live in peace. 
I hope you are as enthused as I am about what has happened recently in 
the course of world events. Think about the elections in Afghanistan. 
Millions of people voted for the first time in ages for a 
President. And the first voter was a woman. And 
that's miles away from a time when people were tormented by ideologues 
of hatred called the Taliban. And the world is better off when a part of 
the world that has longed for freedom sees a free society emerge in 
Afghanistan.

    And then there was an election in the Palestinian Territories. And 
I've been impressed by President Abbas's willingness to stand and say, ``We must defeat terror 
and establish a democracy in order to achieve peace with our friend 
Israel.'' And I look forward to working toward peace in that part of the 
world.

    And then we had the elections in the Ukraine, and--which are a 
beginning of a--a continuation of a democracy movement in a part of the 
world that hadn't known freedom for ages. And then of course, some--a 
week ago last Sunday, against all odds and defying all expectations, 
millions of Iraqi citizens said, ``We will not be terrorized. We want to 
be free,'' and they went to the polls.

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    Freedom is on the march. And my job and the job of the United States 
of America, with our friends and allies, is to continue to promote free 
societies, because I understand freedom equals peace. And I believe we 
have an obligation, as we protect our homeland from terrorist thugs, to 
make the world a more peaceful place for generations to come. And I'm 
looking forward to the challenge. I'm looking forward to going to Europe 
in a couple of weeks to say, ``Listen, we share a lot of values. We 
believe in human dignity, human rights. Most of all, we believe that 
every soul should be free.''
    I laid out in my Inauguration Address what I think is a noble goal 
for generations to come, to end tyranny in our world. And the United 
States of America, working with friends and allies, over time has got 
the capacity to do so.
    One of the challenges we face is how to make sure this economy of 
ours continues to grow. The national unemployment rate is down to 5.2 
percent. The unemployment rate here in North Carolina is lower than the 
national unemployment rate. That's all good. But we must continue to 
make sure that we advance reasonable economic policy so the 
entrepreneurial spirit is strong, small businesses can flourish, and 
most importantly, people can find work.
    I'm looking forward to working with Congress to put reasonable plans 
in place to make that happen. One of the most important things that I've 
done in the new term is to submit a budget that says, ``Let's address 
the deficit.'' I've heard from business leaders, entrepreneurs, small-
business owners, Republicans, Democrats, Congressmen, Senators--all say 
we got an issue with the deficit. I said, ``Fine. I have a 
responsibility to submit a budget.'' I did. It's lean. It's focused. It 
sets priorities, and it says if we've got programs that aren't working, 
let's get rid of them for the sake of the taxpayer.
    And I'm looking forward to the deliberations, and I'm looking 
forward to working with people on both sides of the aisle to get a lean 
budget out. That's what the American people expect, and that's what I'm 
going to sign.
    I'm looking forward to working with Congress to continue to make 
sure health care is available and affordable. One of the ways to do that 
is, we need medical liability reform out of the United States Senate. 
It's important for people to receive justice when they're harmed, but 
it's important for the scales of justice to be balanced. And the scales 
of justice are not balanced. Too many doctors are getting sued by 
frivolous lawsuits, which is running up the cost of medicine, which is 
costing taxpayers money, which is driving good doctors out of business. 
It is time for the United States Congress to pass national medical 
liability reform.
    I'm looking forward to working with Congress to get an energy bill 
out. We've been debating energy for 4 years. We don't need any more 
words on energy. It's time for them to get a bill to my desk. I have 
laid out a blueprint on how to get there. It encourages conservation. It 
encourages the use of renewable sources of energy. It says, ``Let's--why 
don't we be wise about the use of nuclear power.'' I believe we can 
expand safe nuclear energy. I know we ought to be exploring in 
environmentally friendly ways for natural gas here in the continental 
and in the State of Alaska. All of this is aimed to make us less 
dependent on foreign sources of energy. And Congress needs to act and 
get a bill to my desk.
    On taxes, I'm looking forward to getting the bipartisan commission's 
report to me on how to simplify the code. But in the meantime, I know 
this: We got to make the tax relief we passed permanent. We ought not to 
be running up taxes on entrepreneurs.
    I look forward to working with Congress on education matters. I will 
not let the United States Congress roll back the reforms of the No Child 
Left Behind Act.

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The No Child Left Behind Act is challenging the soft bigotry of low 
expectations. We're raising standards. We believe every child can learn, 
and we expect every school to teach. And we want to know, in return for 
our money, whether or not schools are meeting expectations.
    And I know you've got a fantastic community college system here in 
North Carolina. And I intend to make sure that the workforce programs 
utilize this fantastic community college system so people are able to 
get the skills necessary to fill the jobs of the 21st century. And so 
we'll continue to work with Congress on education matters.
    But I'm here to talk about an issue that is going to be an 
interesting experience in dealing with the Congress. [Laughter] And that 
is Social Security, formerly known as the third rail of American 
politics. [Laughter] That meant if you touched it, there would be 
certain political death. I believe the job of a President is to confront 
problems and not pass them on to future Presidents and future 
generations. That's what I believe. [Applause] Thank you. Thank you all. 
Okay, thank you. Thank you for the warm welcome.
    I see a problem, and I want to discuss with you why I see a problem. 
For those who got to worry about the politics of Social Security, let me 
just give you my perspective. I ran on it twice. [Laughter] I said, 
``Elect me, and I will do the best I can to work with Congress to 
strengthen the system for all. Give me a chance to be the President, and 
I will take the issue head on.'' I did so in the 2000 campaign. 
Obviously, the issue wasn't solved, and so I did it again in 2004. I 
believe candidates are rewarded, not punished, for taking on tough 
issues. I say that to give assurance to the Members of Congress who may 
feel somewhat fearful of taking on the issue.
    Secondly, I intend to campaign on this issue around the country. 
This is one of two stops today. Right after my State of the Union speech 
I went to five States, and I'm going to keep traveling the country 
talking about the problem of Social Security, assuring seniors that 
nothing changes and saying I'm willing to discuss all options with 
Members of the United States Congress. And I'm looking forward to it. I 
like to get out of Washington. I like to talk to people. But I also know 
that when the people speak, people in the Congress listen. So I'm kind 
of sharing with you a little bit of my strategy about how to move this 
issue forward.
    So what's the problem? The problem is, is that Social Security--the 
basic assumptions of Social Security are shifting dramatically from when 
Social Security was founded. In 1950, there were 16 workers per one 
putting money into the system, which means that when somebody retired, 
there's 16 workers contributing to that person's retirement. Today, 
there's 3.3 workers contributing for each beneficiary. And when 
youngsters retire, it's going to be 2.1--2 workers per beneficiary. In 
other words, the burden of paying for retirees is increasing on workers. 
That's part of the equation.
    The second thing that has changed is, is that life expectancy has 
changed. It used to be 60 years was life expectancy; today, it's 77. I 
suspect over the next decade, it will continue to increase. I certainly 
hope so. [Laughter] As well baby boomers are getting ready to retire. 
That's me and you. [Laughter] And do you realize, today, for example, 
there are 37 million people receiving Social Security benefits; in the 
year 2031, there will be 71 million people. Those are baby boomers. Baby 
boomers are living longer. And more people are retiring. So part of the 
equation is, more people will be receiving benefits longer than 
anticipated when the system was first set up.
    Thirdly, benefits promised to people like me are dramatically higher 
than benefits given to today's retirees. Politicians, over time, say, 
``We'll just--elect me, I'll increase the benefits.''

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    So when you think about it, when you add up the equation, you've got 
more people living longer, receiving greater benefits, being supported 
by fewer people. And to me, that says we got a problem. And as a matter 
of fact, the numbers say that. There is a chart over here that says 
``Cost of Inaction,'' because in 2018, the system goes red. That means 
there's more money going out of the system than coming into the system. 
The leading edge of baby boomers are retiring; they're living longer; 
benefit structures are bigger; fewer people paying in; the system goes 
negative.
    Now, some of you probably think there is a kind of--a bank, a Social 
Security trust bank. But that's not what's happened over time. Every 
dollar that goes into Social Security has been paid out, either to 
retirees or Government programs. It is a pay-as-you-go system. It is a 
flow-through system. There is no kind of--[inaudible]. There are empty 
promises, but there's no pile of money that you thought was there when 
you retired. That's not the way the system works.
    To make matters worse, as more baby boomers retire, as people live 
longer, as more benefits kick in, the cash deficit increases. So for 
example, in 2027, the Government is going to have to come up with $200 
billion more to meet the promises that we've made, above and beyond 
payroll taxes. Every year from 2018 to when the system goes broke in 
2042, the cash deficits required to meet promises increase. That says to 
me we've got a problem.
    Now, I know 13 years doesn't sound like a lot--2018--it may seem 
like a lot to people whose perspective is maybe 2 years. But as I told 
you, I think we've got to anticipate problems, particularly on this 
issue, because the longer we wait, the more difficult the solutions 
become. That's just a fact.
    And so step one of my strategy is to continue saying to the American 
people, ``We have got a serious problem.'' In other words, sometimes 
they say, ``Is it serious? Is it a crisis?'' Look, whatever you want to 
call it, just look at the chart, and you come up with the conclusions. 
It is serious because if Congress says no to the President, we're not 
going the move forward on this. Imagine what the solutions will be when 
the 200 billion hits, or the 210 billion a year, or the 300 billion. I 
mean, you're looking at either major tax increases, major cuts in 
benefits, major cuts in other Government programs, or massive debt. And 
so now is the time to move, and that's what I'm saying to the Congress.
    The second goal of mine is to make sure our people who have retired, 
our senior citizens, and people who were born before 1950 know that 
nothing changes. That's important for you to understand. I fully 
understand a lot of people are very dependent upon their Social Security 
check. And when they hear somebody like me saying we're going to 
strengthen the system, their immediate reaction in some cases is to go, 
``Oh, that means I'm not going to get my check.'' You might remember 
those campaigns around, which I'm sure you've seen them in States where 
people say, ``Elect somebody, and he's going to take away your check.'' 
That happened to me, for example. They said, ``Old George W. gets in; 
you're not going to get your check.'' Fortunately, they got their check 
after I got in, so they kind of rung hollow in 2004.
    You'll hear the same kind of thing being put out there, that seniors 
need to worry about this. And I'm going to spend a lot of time assuring 
people who've retired or near-retired that nothing changes. The system--
when we talk about insolvency, the insolvency issue doesn't relate to 
you. It relates to your grandchildren. And that's the issue we're 
confronted with: What do we do about the retirees' grandchildren? As I 
said in my State of the Union, we have an obligation to do what others 
have done for my generation, and that's to leave a better world behind. 
And that's why I was willing to dedicate as many words as I did in the 
State of the Union to what

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used to be the third rail of American politics, Social Security.
    Now, it's one thing to define the problem; it's another thing to be 
a part of the solution. And I have an obligation as the President not 
just to define the problem but to encourage dialog by putting out some 
ideas of my own. I stood up in front of the Congress and said, ``In 
order to truly fix it, in order to have a permanent solution, all 
options are on the table, except for running up payroll taxes.''
    And that means a lot of different things. Democrats, like Senator 
Moynihan, who Senator Helms served with, had 
some really constructive ideas as to how to address the root cause of 
a--of the problems with Social Security. President Clinton had some ideas; former Democrat Congressman Tim 
Penny. And the ideas range from raising the 
retirement age to delaying benefits to calculating benefits not based 
upon wage increase but price increase. A little esoteric here, but in 
other words, there's some serious ideas on the table to how to 
permanently fix Social Security.
    And that's why I said to the Congress, ``All ideas are on the table, 
and if you got a good idea, bring it forward.'' Now is the time for 
people from both sides of the aisle to address the problem. And I'm 
willing to listen to anybody's idea. And I'm looking forward to a good, 
constructive dialog about how to seriously address the problem, making 
sure that those who've retired have nothing to worry about and, at the 
same time, making sure there's a Social Security system for younger 
people coming up.
    I put out some ideas, and I want to talk about one of them that I 
hope you find interesting. I certainly did, otherwise I wouldn't have 
put it out. [Laughter] And that is, as a way to allow younger workers to 
more nearly--or come closer to the promises that have been made but 
can't be fulfilled, we should allow younger workers to take some of 
their own money, their own payroll taxes, and set it aside as a personal 
retirement account. This is a novel idea for Social Security, but it's 
not--it's a novel idea for Social Security. It is not a novel idea for 
Federal employees. There is such a thing that's called a Thrift Savings 
Plan, which allows Federal employees to take some of their own money and 
invest it in stocks and bonds so as to increase their retirement 
benefits.
    And why does that happen? Because when you're able to get a rate of 
return on money invested, over time that money grows, that money 
accumulates, that money expands. And so I believe younger workers ought 
to be allowed to set up a personal account and invest in stocks and 
bonds so that their money can increase faster, at a faster rate than 
that which their money increases in the Social Security system. That's 
what I believe ought to happen.
    And so--that's called the compounding rate of interest--just trying 
to show off a little bit, kind of--[laughter]--not bad for a history 
major. [Laughter] Let me give you an example of what I'm talking about. 
By the way, our plan is one where I believe we ought to phase in the 
accounts so they're more affordable, so that the transition costs are 
more manageable to get to such accounts. I believe ultimately a worker 
ought to be allowed to put 4 percent of the payroll tax aside as a--4 
percent of the 12--as a--in the personal account. So money stays in the 
system, but money also would be allowed to grow with interest. Your 
option, by the way. Younger workers shouldn't be forced to do this. 
Younger workers--if you're interested in this, you can do so.
    Now, if you're a worker who earns $35 [$35,000] * a year over your 
lifetime, and this system were in effect where you could put 4 percent 
of your payroll taxes in a personal account, and you start at age 20, by 
the time you retire, your personal account would grow to $250,000. 
That's compounding rate of interest.
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    * White House correction.

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    A couple of guidelines that need to be--I mean, you just got to 
understand there will be guidelines, like there are for the employee 
thrift--Federal employee Thrift Savings Plan. There's got to be--you 
can't say, let's have a good retirement system, and let somebody take 
their money down to the lottery and invest it. That's not a wise 
investment, with all due respect to the lottery players. In other words, 
there's got to be a--certain guidelines, a conservative mix of stocks 
and bonds. We don't want people taking their money and investing in 
high-fliers. There's a way to manage risk and get a better return than 
that which is in the Social Security trust. I mean, there's all kinds of 
people that are expert at this.
    As a matter of fact, that's what the Thrift Savings Plan does, is 
says, ``Here are some options for you, easy-to-understand options,'' 
which will defy those who say certain people aren't capable of 
investing--a concept which I totally reject, by the way. The person with 
the $250,000 account couldn't take it all out the moment he retires or 
she retires and spend it. In other words, there's a--there would be a--
guidelines for a drawdown.
    You see, the money coming out of the personal account is to 
complement the Social Security money, however much is still available 
after the congressional reforms. So it's a complement to Social 
Security. It is to mirror. It's to help out. It's to enable you to 
retire.
    There's other benefits, however, to a personal account, besides 
growing faster than the money if it were to stay with the Federal 
Government. One, it's your money. And that's an interesting idea, isn't 
it? It's your money to begin with, and it's your money at the end. And 
you can do with it what you want. You can't take it to the lottery. You 
can't gamble. You can't try to increase it with silly investments, and 
you can't pull it all out at once. In other words, you have to use it 
for retirement. On the other hand, if you choose not to spend it, you 
can pass it on to somebody you choose.
    Obviously, I didn't listen to Laura. 
[Laughter] I've got some other things to say real quick.
    The current system today--think about this--if you work for 30 years 
and you start at age 20 and you're putting money in the Social Security 
system and you die, that money that you put in the system, if your 
survivors are over 18 years old, goes away. I think it makes sense to 
try to encourage people, particularly for the security of their 
families, to be able to have something to pass on beyond other things 
they're going to pass on.
    I like the idea of having an account where people say, ``I own 
this,'' and are able to look at a quarterly statement to watch their own 
asset base grow. And I like people being able to say, ``I've got an 
account that the Government cannot take away. It's mine.''
    Some people say, ``Well, you can't afford to do this.'' My answer 
is, you can't afford not to do it, if you look at the chart. And I'm 
looking forward to working with the Congress. I've done my part. I've 
laid it out there. I'm going to work hard. I'm going to spend a lot of 
time talking to the people about this issue. And I've put out some 
interesting ideas. And I'm looking forward to people assuming leadership 
in the House and the Senate on both sides of the aisle. And I'm willing 
to listen to their ideas. For the sake of the country, for the sake of a 
younger generation of Americans, we must act.
    Andrew Biggs. We are here with one 
Andrew Biggs, a fine lad, as you can see. [Laughter] What do you do? 
Work for me, of course. [Laughter] Tell them what you do, Andrew, 
please--Andrew and I have done this before, see, so I'm used to needling 
him. [Laughter]
    Andrew Biggs. My name is Andrew Biggs, 
and I'm Associate Commissioner for Retirement Policy at the Social 
Security Administration, which in short language

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means I think about Social Security reform quite a bit. The good news on 
Social Security, even if it seems very complex----
    The President. Andrew has a Ph.D., by 
the way. [Laughter] Which--it's an interesting lesson for those of you 
who are worried about your college career. Andrew has a Ph.D., and I got 
a C. [Laughter] And look who's working for who. Anyway--[laughter]----
    Dr. Biggs. All those years of effort 
gone to waste, I guess.
    The President. It's a cheap shot, Andrew, I know. Do we have a problem with Social Security? You 
look at it; you analyze it.
    Dr. Biggs. Sure, we do. The good news 
is, you don't need a Ph.D. to understand how this works. [Laughter] The 
biggest misunderstanding people have----
    The President. I'll let it pass, Andrew. 
[Laughter]

[At this point, Dr. Biggs made further remarks.]

    The President. Good job, didn't he? Fine 
job.
    All right, Noel--Noel Council. Where do you 
live, Noel?
    Noel Council. I live right here in Raleigh, 
born and raised right here in Raleigh.
    The President. There you go. Did you stay up late last night 
watching a little basketball? [Laughter]
    Mr. Council. No, but----
    The President. Never mind. Kind of old, us kind of baby boomers, 
isn't it, to stay up late. Anyway.
    Mr. Council. Yes. I did watch Karl Rove, 
though, on the FOX channel. [Laughter]

[Mr. Council, retired senior citizen, Raleigh, NC, made further 
remarks.]

    The President. Well, I appreciate the spirit. Look, I mean, the key 
statement that I heard him say is it's not 
going to change for him. So, evidently, the message has gotten to some--
[laughter]--and we got to keep getting it out. Senior citizens must hear 
the truth, which is that the Social Security system will take care of 
them, and they need not fear a discussion about how the children--a 
system that works for our children and grandchildren will cause them not 
to get the promises the Government made. And that's just important, and 
I appreciate you bringing that up.
    I also love the spirit of somebody saying, ``I'm not worried about 
me; I'm worried about somebody else.'' And we really need to be. We 
really need to be. I mean, it just would be, I think, a dereliction of 
duty not to take on the tough task now. Of course, some of them are 
saying, ``He's not going to be around but for 4 more years,'' but I can 
assure you of this: For the next 4 years, we're going to be taking on 
the tough problems like Social Security.
    Dawn Baldwin. Are you ready to go?
    Dawn Baldwin. I'm ready, Mr. President.
    The President. All right. Where do you live?
    Ms. Baldwin. I live in Merritt, North 
Carolina, down in eastern North Carolina.
    The President. Fabulous, yes. Wish I could say I knew where it was--
I'll play like it is. [Laughter]
    Ms. Baldwin. We'll have you come down there 
sometime.
    The President. How far away from here is Merritt, roughly?
    Ms. Baldwin. About 2\1/2\ hours due east of 
here.
    The President. Well, fantastic. Thanks for coming.
    Ms. Baldwin. It's good to be here.
    The President. You're a mom.
    Ms. Baldwin. I am a single mom, and I do 
want to say quickly, though, that I thank you for mentioning the 
community college system, because I am a part of the community college 
system. I teach at Lenoir Community College in Kinston.
    The President. What's your subject matter?
    Ms. Baldwin. English.
    The President. English, yes. Some say I could use a little extra 
work. [Laughter]

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[Ms. Baldwin, teacher, Lenoir Community College, Merritt, NC, made 
further remarks.]

    The President. Is this your first home?
    Ms. Baldwin. This is my very first home.
    The President. Imagine, ``Welcome to my home.'' That's fantastic.
    You know, I was talking with Dawn, and she 
was talking about a 401(k). It's an interesting concept. Many of you 
know what a 401(k) is. Thirty years ago, no one would have known what a 
401(k)--maybe they would have. I don't think so. I think 401(k)s are a 
relatively new invention--401(k)--you've got one?
    Ms. Baldwin. I do. And I'll tell you, Mr. 
President, it was a kind of scary situation when I first started at a 
community college system and was asked whether I wanted a 401(k). I had 
never gotten involved with stocks, bonds, didn't really know what it was 
about, but I can tell you that it is very nice every quarter getting 
those reports to see how well my investment is doing.
    The President. So you get advice?
    Ms. Baldwin. I do.
    The President. Yes, see, she gets advice. 
In other words, it's a little nervous at first.
    Ms. Baldwin. But it pays off well.
    The President. Yes. [Laughter] And you get your--you see your 
statement quarterly?
    Ms. Baldwin. I do.
    The President. Watch your asset base grow, which----
    Ms. Baldwin. And it is another sense of 
ownership.
    The President. Yes.
    Ms. Baldwin. And it makes you proud to be 
an American.
    The President. Well, it's an interesting--I think one of the--I hope 
people take away--one of the things that I find so attractive about 
enabling people to save some of their own money is the sense of 
participation in the system, I guess is one way to say it. It's--as you 
said, it makes you proud, but it's your asset base. And your little guy, 
13-year-old son--some day, if you choose, it becomes a part of his asset 
base. And the capacity to pass property from one generation to the next 
is more than just passing a piece of land--which is a fabulous story, by 
the way. But there's other assets you can pass on. And I think it 
stabilizes society. I think it makes society more hopeful when people 
say, ``This is what I own, and I'm going to choose to pass it on to 
whomever I want.''
    And I--and it's got--by the way, that concept must spread throughout 
all society. It should not be confined to just one segment of society. 
This isn't a Wall Street phenomena anymore. This is a phenomena of 
people being able to own and manage their own money all throughout the 
country, and it seems like it makes sense for us to give a younger 
generation of Americans the same opportunity to do so through the Social 
Security system.
    You did a great job. Welcome.
    Cyndi Godfrey.
    Cyndi Godfrey. Yes, sir. [Laughter]
    The President. You live?
    Mrs. Godfrey. In Statesville, North 
Carolina. I have some friends here.
    The President. Half the town came. [Laughter] How many people in 
Statesville?
    Mrs. Godfrey. How many live in----
    The President. Yes, how many live there?
    Mrs. Godfrey. I think about 23,000----
    The President. That's good, yes. It's big, bigger than it sounds.
    Mrs. Godfrey. Might not want to quote me 
on that. [Laughter]
    The President. How many children you got?
    Mrs. Godfrey. I have two little girls. One 
is 4, and one is 6.
    The President. Fabulous.
    Mrs. Godfrey. We call them the Princess 
and the Bulldozer. [Laughter]
    The President. Sounds like kind of like my mother used to talk. Anyway--[laughter]--you're sitting up 
here on the stage.

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Here's your chance to tell me. First of all, you work?
    Mrs. Godfrey. I do work. I believe that 
the world is run by those who show up. So I showed up today on behalf of 
my friends and my family and about 80 employees at Godfrey Lumber. It's 
a small, family-owned business started by my late father-in-law, Woodrow 
Wilson Godfrey. You would have loved him. It's actually----
    The President. Woodrow Wilson?
    Mrs. Godfrey. Woodrow Wilson.
    The President. Yes.
    Mrs. Godfrey. His mother was a staunch 
Democrat.
    The President. Yes. [Laughter] Guy is a heck of a businessman, 
though. [Laughter] Anyway, Godfrey Lumber.

[Mrs. Godfrey made further remarks.]

    The President. I kind of took your regulation statement there--I'm 
kind of trying to read between the lines. Are you saying to me that 
you're worried about the system I'm talking about will cause you to have 
more regulations on you, a little bit? Maybe, in other words, small 
businesses are burdened by regulations, and there's a concern I've 
heard.
    Mrs. Godfrey. I would very much like to 
know if this is going--if your plan, if your proposed plan is going to 
help the small business, because we need all the help we can get.
    The President. She doesn't want to be 
managing the personal accounts, is what she's saying; she doesn't need 
any more Government telling her what to do. And the answer is absolutely 
not. It will not burden small businesses. And that's important for 
small-business owners to understand. This is not an added regulation on 
top.
    By the way, my suggestion is what needs to be part of an overall 
plan. I just want to make sure that I disabuse people of the notion, 
personal accounts alone won't permanently solve the problem. That's what 
people have got to understand. It's a part of an overall solution. It 
just will mean that the younger workers will get a better deal when the 
solution is finally decided upon.
    Go ahead. Here's your chance to get people to buy a little lumber. 
[Laughter]

[Mrs. Godfrey made further remarks.]

    The President. That's good. I appreciate you saying that. The 
concept of people managing their own money has changed dramatically. I 
promise you, when I was most of the panelists' age, we weren't sitting 
around wondering whether or not Social Security would be there. When I 
was 30 years old--is that what you----
    Mrs. Godfrey. Twenty-nine.
    The President. Yes, when I was 29--[laughter]--we didn't have forums 
where people came and said, ``Gosh, I wonder if Social Security is going 
to be around when I retire.'' That never entered a baby boomer's mind. 
Nor did the concept of people--more and more people being able to manage 
their own money in the different kinds of retirement systems, Roth IRAs 
and all the different retirement funds that are now available for people 
to invest in. The world has changed; Social Security hasn't yet.
    And so I find it incredibly interesting to hear younger folks talk 
about life the way it is, workers being able to manage their own 
account, saving something for my son.
    Skip Long, he's here. He's got 
some ideas and thoughts. You can see he's a young-looking guy----
    Matthew ``Skip'' Long. Actually, 
young chronologically, too.
    The President. You live in Raleigh?
    Mr. Long. I live here in Raleigh. 
Most of my time has been spent in southeast Raleigh.
    The President. Good.
    Mr. Long. And I want to say my 
wife and son--my wife is there, and my 10-year-old son----

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    The President. Oh, yes, looking forward to seeing you afterwards. 
What do you do? Thanks for coming.

[Mr. Long, president and chief executive officer, National Jobs 
Partnership, Raleigh, NC, made brief remarks.]

    The President. Before we get to Social Security, I think one of the 
most important initiatives of this administration is to encourage faith-
based and community-based organizations to help find people help they 
need. You're a faith-based man.
    Mr. Long. Thank you.
    The President. I can't think of a better organization than one 
founded on the principle, you shall love your neighbor just like you 
love yourself, in order to help somebody coming out of the prison system 
find proper job training and get the skills and comfort necessary to 
know that he or she can take on life's tough problems.
    All right. So I'm going to keep pushing the faith-based initiative, 
is my point. Back to Social Security.

[Mr. Long made further remarks.]

    The President. There you go. How about that? Great job.
    The system can be designed so that people can learn what it means to 
invest. And that's important for people to know. I've heard some people 
say, ``Well, you know, there are certain people in society that just 
aren't capable.'' Forget it. Why do we want that kind of attitude in 
America, ``Certain people can, and certain people can't?'' We've got to 
believe everybody--everybody--should be allowed to take their own money 
and, under certain guidelines, make wise choices. And that's going to 
happen. There's a cultural change that needs to take place, obviously, 
in some quarters of society.
    And I love the spirit you're talking about. Because if you own 
something, you have a vital stake in the future of your country. And 
that's exactly one of the key points behind this notion about allowing 
people to take some of their own money and investing it.
    I think the panelists did one heck of a job up here. I want to thank 
you all. I'm getting kind of old, so I need to stand up. Let me take 
some questions, a few questions. And then I've got to head on over to 
Pennsylvania to continue the dialog.
    Yes, sir.

Extending the Age for Benefits/Citizens' Influence on the Process

    Q. My main concern is, you said during your State of the Union that 
all options was on the table. And I support your plan to strengthen 
Social Security, but one thing I'm concerned about is extending the age 
in order to be able to fund it. I would like to receive my benefits--my 
money that I paid into it, into my own personal account as soon as 
possible.
    The President. Well, I appreciate you saying that. One way to make 
sure people affect policy, with all options on the table is to--first of 
all, let me say, I'm not taking options off the table until Congress 
comes to the table and starts discussing. And secondly, if a lot of 
people, younger workers are concerned about that option, you ought to 
let the people know. And you're just letting me know, and I appreciate 
it. Yes, I'll sign that book too. It's a fine book. If you're interested 
in getting some sleep, read Chapter Five. [Laughter]
    Q. Mr. President, on behalf of northeastern North Carolina, thank 
you, thank you, thank you for what you do for our country.
    The President. Thank you, sir.
    Q. God bless George W. and Laura Bush.
    The President. Thank you, sir.

Expanding Benefits

    Q. Here's my question: In your effort to strengthen Social Security 
for the 21st century, will you be able to use your bully pulpit in 
perhaps persuading our own Congress, who does a great job but also has

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a generous retirement system, take a look at that system, itself, in an 
effort to make, possibly, the retirement system for everyone in this 
room and throughout the country a little more generous?
    The President. Yes, I appreciate that. See, what he's saying is, is 
that there is a go-by. In other words, this is a--I haven't invented 
this; it's already happened. Federal employees get to do this. I said in 
my State of the Union, younger workers ought to have the same option of 
ownership, decisionmaking, better rate of return, that the Federal 
employees have. And you bet I will.
    You're right. I mean, this is--again, I repeat to you, this is going 
to be an issue that's going to require good, close cooperation. And it's 
not going to happen unless people of good will come forward and say, 
``Let's get in this--get after this issue together.'' It used to be that 
people would feel like they were lured out on the issue and then all of 
a sudden had to pay a political price. What I'm saying to the Members of 
Congress, ``We're all in this deal together.'' We're all going to--we're 
going to be blamed together, or we're going to be praised together.
    But I will do my part--I will do my part, initially, of not only 
putting the issue out there for people to hear, which I did in the State 
of the Union, but I'm going to travel our country, State after State 
after State, conducting discussions just like we had here, as open and 
frank as we can be, talking about the problems, talking about the 
assurances, and assuring Congress it is now time to act. That is my 
duty. I look forward to doing that. It also gets me out of Washington.

Preserving Current Benefits

    Q. [Inaudible]
    The President. Yes, sir.
    Q. [Inaudible]
    The President. We're not going to take away your Social Security 
check, for starters. Go ahead.
    Q. [Inaudible]
    The President. Absolutely. [Laughter] I tell you what, that guy 
right there I'm delegating. [Laughter]
    Q. God bless you, Mr. President!
    Q. Unfortunately, I don't have a letter for you to read, Mr. 
President, but I just want to say it's such an honor to be speaking with 
you. I'm very happy to be here.
    The President. Thank you.

Benefits for Younger Americans

    Q. I just wanted to let you know that as a young person, I think 
it's very inspiring and encouraging to see how much confidence you have 
in my generation's ability to make decisions. And I think that your plan 
to strengthen Social Security is just another reflection of your high 
level of trust and respect for the American people, and I wanted to 
thank you for that.
    The President. Thank you very much. You know, it's interesting--I 
appreciate you saying that. Somebody was telling me the other day--I 
also had Congress men and women come into the White House, the Oval 
Office there--actually, the Cabinet Room, in this case--and I'm sitting 
down with them individually and talking about, just like we're talking 
here. And a person said--he read an interesting poll; he said that a lot 
of younger workers felt like they're more likely to see a UFO than get a 
Social Security check. [Laughter] It's an interesting dynamic, isn't it, 
when you think about it. There are a lot of young people, when they 
analyze Social Security and think about it, that they just don't think 
the Government can fulfill the promise, which is a powerful--it's 
powerful leverage for Members of Congress to listen to.
    In other words, the dynamic has shifted. The reason people are 
comfortable about taking on the Social Security issue, in the political 
sense--I believe it must be done. That's the nature of the job; that's 
the nature of the Presidency. But in a political sense, it's because 
people are beginning to

[[Page 211]]

realize that once seniors understand nothing changes, there's a lot of 
folks out there who are demanding change for their sake. They're saying, 
``What are you going to do about saving the system for me? I'm coming 
up. I have a better chance of seeing a UFO than getting a check from the 
Government. What are you and the Government going to do to make sure I 
get my check?'' That's the dynamic that's happening.
    And that's why I'm optimistic something is going to get done, 
because people are beginning to speak out. Younger Americans who 
understand the math and know the reality are beginning to say to those 
of us who have been elected, ``What are you going to do about it? You're 
up there in Washington, DC. Do more than just occupy the office. Solve 
problems, and do your job.''

Survivor Benefits

    Q. Thank you, Mr. President. First of all, I just wanted to thank 
you for your service to our country.
    The President. Thank you, sir.
    Q. Thank you. I have a question about Social Security benefits that 
relate to things other than retirement, which is what you've put a lot 
of focus on. In 2001, I lost my father, and he left behind my mother to 
raise three kids, all under 18, and pay for everything that they needed 
and support them financially. By the year 2042, this pay-as-you-go 
situation is going to be pretty much exhausted. If that happens to 
someone after that point, they're going to pretty much be depending upon 
this small percentage that the Government is allowing them to put into 
their nest egg fund. At that point they have to pull out of funds early. 
Their index funds they'll have to pull out of early, which won't get to 
grow very much, and their long-term bonds won't mature. So how does your 
plan really----
    The President. On survivor benefits? Are you talking about survivor 
benefits under the current system?
    Q. Yes. Yes, sir.
    The President. First of all, the plan is only addressed to the 
retirees, not to the disabled and survivor benefits. In other words, 
we're focused on the retirement aspect of Social Security. Secondly, the 
notion that a personal account--frankly, we haven't got to the emergency 
withdrawal aspects of the personal account. The idea, though, is not to 
let people--the main principle is not to let people withdraw money, 
who've retired, from the personal account because it needs to be used 
for retirement. In other words, you can't just lump-sum it out. This is 
a complement to Social Security.
    As to whether or not you, a young worker--I mean, a survivor of a 
worker that passes on an account, whether you can draw it all out at 
once, that's something we just got to work out with Congress. But 
remember this, is that a plan that says you've been able to inherit 
something other than survivor benefits, a chunk of assets, is I think 
better--will be better than the current system.
    Q. Yes, sir, I completely agree. From what I've seen of the system, 
I absolutely love it so far. I just hadn't heard you talk to that point 
yet.
    The President. No, I appreciate that.
    Q. Thank you.
    The President. So you lived on--your mom and you lived on the 
survivor benefits of your dad?
    Q. We didn't live on it completely.
    The President. I mean, it helped you--helped you.
    Q. Helped make ends meet, absolutely.
    The President. Yes, well, there's survivor benefits in the current 
system if you are younger than 18 or your siblings are younger than 18 
years old. If you're over 18, there are no survivor benefits for the 
kids. There will be a permanent survivor benefit if there's an asset 
that's been accumulated to be able to pass on. Whether or not you can 
take it out or not to solve a family

[[Page 212]]

emergency after the person who accumulated the assets moves on, is 
something we just got to work out with the Congress.
    Q. Yes, sir. One more thing, I just wanted to introduce myself so 
that I can say that I met you. My name is Bart Thornberg.
    The President. Good job.
    Yes, sir.
    Q. Mr. President, Thomas Stith, Durham city councilman----
    The President. Welcome.
    Q. Good to be here.
    The President. Thanks for serving.
    Q. Thank you. More importantly, I'm a husband and a father of three 
young daughters. And first of all, I want to say thank you for bringing 
faith back to the White House.
    The President. Thank you. Appreciate that. Thank you.

Addressing the Problem

    Q. My question is simple. Certainly, we are very energized here 
today, supportive. The system is clearly broken. What can we do once you 
leave here today to ensure----
    The President. Yes.
    Q. ----that we can assist you in helping to fix this system?
    The President. No, I appreciate you saying that. And part of my 
reason to travel the country is to explain to people that there is a 
problem. The Honorable got it--there is a problem. What we can do to 
help you fix it? First step is to make it clear to people there is a 
problem, because if the people in Congress say, ``There's not a big 
enough problem. Let's just move it on,'' nothing will happen. In other 
words, there has to be a sense of--in your voice, as you pointed out--
urgency. And it's going to take me a while to convince people of the 
urgency to act.
    I believe that once Members of Congress--and therefore, step one is 
to convince people there's a problem, of both political parties. And 
once people--once it gets in their mind that there is a problem, the 
followup question is, ``Okay, now you see the problem. Now what are you 
going to do about it?'' And we haven't got quite to the ``What are you 
going do to about it'' stage yet.
    We're going to continue--and I want to thank you for that. When--
write, talk--when you see people who say, ``Well, there's really not a 
problem,'' just--the facts speak for themselves. Again, this is not a 
political issue. This is policy at its most pure, I think. And the facts 
are clear. And the facts say it's time to get something done. But I 
readily concede there's a--we need a little more--I need to spend more 
time convincing people that we're going to--we got the problem.
    And then once we get to there, sir, it is--and I try to stimulate 
discussion or at least prepare the way for a good discussion by saying, 
``I'm willing to listen.'' And if you put an idea on the table, you 
won't get--it won't be used to club you over the head politically with 
it. In other words, there needs to be an honest, open dialog. You deal 
with problems at your level, and the best way to deal with it is for 
there to be an honest discussion about different solutions without fear 
of political reprisal. And that's my--one of my pledges to the Members 
of the United States Congress and the Senate.
    And that--and so, but when the time comes, the other thing you can 
do is assure people that nothing changes. Again, I just know--there are 
people out there who rely upon Social Security who are very worried when 
they hear political people like me talking about reform. They--the 
concept of reform means, ``I'm not going to get my check,'' or ``I'm not 
going to get all my check,'' or ``I'm not going to get enough of my 
check.'' And we just have to continue to assure older citizens in 
Durham, North Carolina, and around the country that nothing will 
change--nothing will change. And once that assurance is fully 
understood, then I'm confident the dynamic of younger workers saying--or 
younger folks saying,

[[Page 213]]

``What are you going to do about me,'' becomes a much more viable--
becomes a driving force for reform of the Social Security system.
    I'm probably talking too much strategy and tactics, but I think 
it's--people who are interested in the subject, you got to know how I 
think this issue is going to unfold. And--so thanks for your great 
comment.
    One thing about faith: It's very important for this country to 
always remember that our strength, as opposed to some of these 
ideologues of hate that we deal with, our strength is the fact that you 
can worship or not worship and be equally patriotic. And if you choose 
to worship, you're equally patriotic if you're a Christian or a Jew or a 
Muslim or a Hindu. That is the wonderful thing about the United States 
of America. And regardless of what you believe and your beliefs, we must 
always jealously guard that great freedom of ours.
    Yes, ma'am. I hate to tell you--we could be here all day--but I am 
headed toward Pennsylvania. Last question. I know you're disappointed.

Age for Opting Into a New Social Security System

    Q. Mr. President, an honor, sir. I thank you for your perfect segue 
into my question to you. I think the constituency most skeptical about 
reform appears to be those 55 and older. And I think the part of your 
program that's most appealing to that skepticism is that part that talks 
about opting in. Can you address more specifically the age in which you 
are allowed to opt in or not?
    The President. People born from--after 1950. That's a pretty easy 
question to answer. [Laughter] And that would not be me.
    Listen, I am so honored you all came. What a fantastic setting. I 
appreciate your time. I want to thank our panelists again for coming.
    God bless you all. Thank you.

Note: The President spoke at 11:12 a.m. at the BTI Center for the 
Performing Arts. In his remarks, he referred to former Senator Jesse 
Helms of North Carolina; President Hamid Karzai of Afghanistan; 
President Mahmoud Abbas (Abu Mazen) of the Palestinian Authority; and 
former Representative Timothy J. Penny of Minnesota.