    [Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George W. Bush (2004, Book III)]
    [November 12, 2004]
    [Pages 2963-2971]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]

    The President's News Conference With Prime Minister Tony Blair of the United Kingdom
    November 12, 2004

        President Bush. Thank you. Welcome. I'm pleased to welcome a
    statesman and a friend back to the White House. Prime Minister Blair is
    a visionary leader. I've come to know him as a man of unshakeable
    convictions. America's alliance with Great Britain has never been
    stronger, and we're working closely every day to spread that freedom
    that leads to peace.
        Our two nations have shared in some of the most hopeful and positive
    achievements of our time. The people of Afghanistan have now chosen
    their President in a free election. The Taliban
    and the terrorists did everything they could to intimidate the long-
    suffering people of that country. Yet men and women lined up at the
    polls, some of them waiting for hours to have their first taste of
    democracy. The success of Afghanistan's election is a standing rebuke to
    cynicism and extremism and a testimony to the power of liberty and hope.
    The people of the United States and Great Britain can be proud of the
    role we have played in aiding the rise of a free nation and, in so
    doing, making our countries more secure.
        Together we're serving the same cause in Iraq. Prime Minister
    Allawi authorized military operations to rid
    Fallujah of Saddam holdouts and foreign terrorists, and American and
    Iraqi forces have made substantial progress in the last several days.
    Our coalition is training Iraqi security forces who are performing
    bravely and taking increasing responsibility for their country's
    security. British, American, and other coalition forces are helping
    provide stability that is necessary for free elections. And U.N.
    officials are helping the Iraqi people prepare for those elections, to
    be held in January.
        As those elections draw near, the desperation of the killers will
    grow, and the violence could escalate. The success of democracy in Iraq
    will be a crushing blow to the forces of terror, and the terrorists know
    it. The defeat of terror in Iraq will set that nation on a course to
    lasting freedom and will give hope to millions, and the Iraqi people
    know it.
        The United States and Great Britain have shown our determination to
    help Iraqis achieve their liberty and to defend the security of the
    world. We'll continue to stand with our friends, and we will finish the
    job.
        Prime Minister Blair and I also share a vision of a free, peaceful,
    a democratic broader Middle East. That vision must include a just and
    peaceful resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict based on two democratic
    states, Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace and security.
        Our sympathies are with the Palestinian people as they begin a
    period of mourning. Yet the months ahead offer a new opportunity to make
    progress toward a lasting peace. Soon Palestinians will choose a new
    President. This is the first step in creating lasting democratic
    political institutions through which a free Palestinian people will
    elect local and national leaders.
        We're committed to the success of these elections, and we stand
    ready to help. We look forward to working with a Palestinian leadership
    that is committed to fighting terror and committed to the cause of
    democratic reform. We'll mobilize the international community to help
    revive the Palestinian economy, to build up Palestinian security
    institutions to fight terror, to help the Palestinian government fight
    corruption, and to reform the Palestinian political system and build
    democratic institutions. We'll also work with Israeli and Palestinian
    leaders to complete the disengagement plan from Gaza and part of the
    West Bank.

    [[Page 2964]]

    These steps, if successful, will lay the foundation for progress in
    implementing the roadmap and then lead to final status negotiations.
        We seek a democratic, independent, and viable state for the
    Palestinian people. We are committed to the security of Israel as a
    Jewish state. These objectives--two states living side by side in peace
    and security--can be reached by only one path, the path of democracy,
    reform, and the rule of law.
        All that we hope to achieve together requires that America and
    Europe remain close partners. We are the pillars of the free world. We
    face the same threats and share the same belief in freedom and the
    rights of every individual. In my second term, I will work to deepen our
    transatlantic ties with the nations of Europe. I intend to visit Europe
    as soon as possible after my inauguration. My Government will continue
    to work through the NATO Alliance and with the European Union to
    strengthen cooperation between Europe and America.
        America applauds the success of NATO and EU enlargement and welcomes
    the stability and prosperity that that enlargement brings. We must apply
    the combined strength and moral purpose of Europe and America to
    effectively fight terror and to overcome poverty and disease and
    despair, to advance human dignity, and to advance freedom.
        In all that lies ahead in the defense of freedom, in the advance of
    democracy, and the spread of prosperity, America, the United Kingdom,
    and all of Europe must act together.
        Mr. Prime Minister, welcome.
        Prime Minister Blair. Thank you, Mr. President, and thank you for
    your gracious welcome to me here in the White House. And once again,
    many congratulations on your reelection.
        There are three major issues that arise. The United States and the
    United Kingdom have stood together since September the 11th, 2001, in
    order to combat this new form of global terrorism that we face. And the
    three things that we can do most to make sure that we defeat this
    terrorism, apart from being ever vigilant on security, are, first of
    all, to bring democracy to Afghanistan, which we are doing, as the
    successful election of President Karzai shows. And that is quite
    magnificent tribute not just to the courage of the Afghan people but,
    actually, also to the power of democracy.
        Secondly, we have to complete our mission in Iraq, make sure that
    Iraq is a stable and a democratic country. And I have no doubt at all
    that whatever the difficulties the terrorists and insurgents, supporters
    of Saddam Hussein may pose for us, that we will overcome those
    difficulties--ourselves, the multinational force, together with the
    Iraqi Government--and ensure that Iraq can be that democratic, stable
    state that the vast majority of Iraqis, I know, will want to see.
        And the third thing is, as the President rightly said a moment or
    two ago, we meet at a crucial time where it is important that we
    revitalize and reinvigorate the search for a genuine, lasting, and just
    peace in the Middle East. I would like to repeat my condolences to the
    Palestinian people at this time.
        As you will have seen, we have set out the steps that we believe are
    necessary to get into a process that will lead to the two-state solution
    that we want to see. And I think those steps are very clear. They are,
    first of all, making sure that we set out a clear vision--that clear
    vision was articulated by President Bush some time ago, repeated by him
    today--of a two-state solution, two democratic states living side by
    side together in peace.
        The second thing is, we need to support those Palestinian elections.
    That is a chance for the first beginnings of democracy to take hold on
    the Palestinian side. So it's important that we support it.
        Thirdly, however, if we want a viable Palestinian state, we need to
    make sure that

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    the political, the economic, and the security infrastructure of that
    state is shaped and helped to come into being. We will mobilize
    international opinion and the international community in order to do
    that.
        The fourth thing is that Prime Minister Sharon's plan for
    disengagement is important. I think we recognized that when we were here
    at the White House back in April of this year. That disengagement plan
    is now going forward. It's important that we support it, and then, on
    the basis of this, we are able, in accordance with the principles of the
    roadmap, to get back into final status negotiation, so that we have that
    two-state solution. And I think there is every possibility that we can
    do this, with the energy and the will and the recognition that in the
    end, it is only if the two states that we want to see living side by
    side are indeed democratic states where the rule of law and human rights
    are respected in each of them, that a just* peace could be secured.
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
        *White House correction.
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
        I would also like to support very strongly what the President has
    just said about the transatlantic alliance. Again, I think there is a
    tremendous desire and willingness on the part of, certainly, our
    partners in the European Union to make sure that that alliance is
    strong. It's necessary for the security of the world. It's necessary for
    us to be able to tackle many of the problems that confront us.
        I look forward to working with the President over these coming
    months in order to try and secure that progress that we have laid out
    for you today. And also, of course, we've had the opportunity to discuss
    the upcoming G-8 Presidency of the United Kingdom, and we intend to take
    those issues forward as well.
         So, Mr. President, once again, many, many thanks.
        President Bush. Sure.
        Prime Minister Blair. Thank you for your alliance and for your
    leadership at this time.
        President Bush. Welcome, thanks.
        Terry [Terence Hunt, Associated Press].

    Situation in the Middle East

        Q. Thank you, Mr. President. Thank you. With Yasser Arafat's death,
    what specific steps can Israel take to revive peace negotiations? And do
    you believe that Israel should implement a freeze on West Bank
    settlement expansion?
        President Bush. I believe that the responsibility for peace is going
    to rest with the Palestinian people's desire to build a democracy and
    Israel's willingness to help them build a democracy. I know we have a
    responsibility as free nations to set forth a strategy that will help
    the Palestinian people head toward democracy. I don't think there will
    ever be lasting peace until there is a free, truly democratic society in
    the Palestinian territories that becomes a state. And therefore, the
    responsibility rests with both the Palestinian people and the leadership
    which emerges, with the Israelis to help that democracy grow, and with
    the free world to put the strategy in place that will help the democracy
    grow.
        Prime Minister Blair. James.

    Prospects for Middle East Peace

        Q. James Blitz, Financial Times. Mr. President, can you say today
    that it is your firm intention that by the end of your second term in
    office, it is your goal that there should be two states, Israel and
    Palestine, living side by side?
        President Bush. I think it is fair to say that I believe we've got a
    great chance to establish a Palestinian state, and I intend to use the
    next 4 years to spend the capital of the United States on such a state.
    I believe it is in the interests of the world that a truly free state
    develop. I know it is in the interests of the Palestinian people that
    they can live in a society where they can express their opinion freely,
    a society

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    where they can educate their children without hate, a society in which
    they can realize their dreams if they happen to be an entrepreneur. I
    know it's in Israel's interest that a free state evolve on her border.
    There's no other way to have a lasting peace, in my judgment, unless we
    all work to help develop the institutions necessary for a state to
    emerge: civil society, based upon justice; free speech; free elections;
    the right for people to express themselves freely. The first step of
    that is going to be the election of a new President, and my fervent hope
    is that the new President embraces the notion of a democratic state.
        I hate to put artificial timeframes on things. Unfortunately, I've
    got one on my existence as President. It's not artificial; it's actually
    real. And I'd like to see it done in 4 years. I think it is possible. I
    think it is possible.
        I think it is impossible to think that the President of the United
    States or the Prime Minister of Great Britain can impose our vision. I
    think it's unrealistic to say, ``Well, Bush wants it done, or Blair
    wants it done. Therefore, it will happen.'' But I think it is very
    possible that it can happen, because I believe people want to live in a
    free society, and our job is to help it happen.
        Thank you. Steve [Steve Holland, Reuters].

    President's Upcoming Visit to Europe

        Q. Thank you, Mr. President. Prime Minister Blair wants a
    international conference on the Middle East. What has to happen before
    you would sign on to that? And will you name a U.S. envoy? And what
    would you like to accomplish on this Europe trip that you're planning?
        President Bush. Let's see here. [Laughter] I'll start with the--
    accomplishing on the Europe trip. It is to remind people that the world
    is better off, America is better off, Europe is better off when we work
    together. And there's a lot we can accomplish working together. There's
    a lot we have accomplished working together.
        We're working very closely to find Al Qaida and bring members of Al
    Qaida to justice. We've worked closely to free Afghanistan. We're
    working closely to interdict the flow of weapons of mass destruction.
    The Proliferation Security Initiative is based--the membership of which
    is a lot of members of the EU. I mean, there's a lot of things we're
    working together on. NATO expansion we worked together on. It was such a
    refreshing moment when the new leaders of--the leaders of the new
    countries in NATO walked in the room in the Czech Republic. It was a
    fantastic moment to see these proud members walk in and say, ``We're now
    a member of the greatest alliance ever.'' And there's a lot we can
    continue to do.
        First two questions?

    Prospects for Middle East Peace

        Q. Prime Minister Blair's idea about an international conference----
        President Bush. Yes.
        Q. ----and the sending of a U.S. envoy to the Middle East.
        President Bush. Right. In the spirit of the last question, we'll do
    what it takes to get a peace. And the conference--what the Prime
    Minister and I discussed last night is, do not we have an obligation to
    develop a strategy? And the answer is, absolutely, we have an
    obligation. And one way to do that is to include the Quartet to bring
    nations together and say, ``Here's what it takes to help the
    Palestinians develop a state that is truly free.'' And I'm all for
    conferences, just so long as the conferences produce something. And we
    had a long discussion about whether or not a conference could produce a
    viable strategy that we could then use as a go-by for our own
    obligations as well as the obligations of the Palestinians, for them to
    have their own state. And the answer is, if that conference will do
    that, you bet I'm a big supporter.
        But one thing is for certain: We are going to develop a strategy, so
    that once

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    the elections are over, we'll be able to say, ``Here's how we will help
    you. If you want to be helped, here's what we're willing to do. If you
    choose not to be helped, if you decide you don't want a free, democratic
    society, there's nothing we can do. If you think you can have peace
    without democracy''--again, I think you'll find that--I can only speak
    for myself, that I will be extremely doubtful that it will ever happen.
    I've seen it work too many times--tried too many times.
        Now, there's going to be people around who say, ``The Palestinians
    can't develop a democracy. It's impossible for them to live in a free
    society.'' I strongly disagree with that. And so the whole premise of
    this strategy that we'll outline is all based toward that vision of a
    free and truly democratic society emerging.
        See, what's going to happen is, when that happens, there will be
    great trust developed between Israel and the Palestinian people. Free
    societies are able--societies able to develop trust between each other,
    and there's clearly a lack of trust right now. And so, yes, I mean, we
    will do that what it takes to put a strategy in place and advance it and
    call upon other nations to develop--to work with us.
        Prime Minister Blair. Yes, that's absolutely right. I mean, what we
    will do is anything that is necessary to make the strategy work. The
    important thing is that, first of all, there's got to be an agreement as
    to what a viable Palestinian state means. And what we're really saying
    this morning is that that viable state has to be a democratic state.
        The second thing is, how do we get there? How do we enable the
    Palestinians to get there? We will do whatever it takes to help build
    support for that concept, to work through the details of it and make
    sure that it can actually be brought into being. But the bottom line has
    got to be that if you want to secure Israel and you want a viable
    Palestinian state, those are two states living side by side, and they
    are democratic states living side by side. And we've got the chance over
    the next few months, with the election of a new Palestinian President,
    to put the first marker down on that.
        Trevor.

    Iran

        Q. Trevor Cavanagh from The Sun. Mr. President, I know that Iran, as
    well as Iraq, has been a very significant part of the agenda for this
    week, and I'd like to ask you whether, in light of the nuclear ambitions
    of Iran, whether America would tolerate a nuclear Iran? And if the
    answer to that is no, would Britain, Mr. Prime Minister, stand as four-
    square behind America on this issue as it has done on Iraq?

        President Bush. Let me make sure I understand your question. You're
    saying a--Iran with a nuclear weapon----

        Q. Nuclear power.

        President Bush. Nuclear power or nuclear weapon?

        Q. Nuclear weapon.

        President Bush. Okay. No, we don't want Iran to have a nuclear
    weapon, and we're working toward that end. And the truth of the matter
    is, the Prime Minister gets a lot of credit for working with France and
    Germany to convince the Iranians to get rid of the processes that would
    enable them to develop a nuclear weapon.

        Prime Minister Blair. Absolutely. And there's an agreement in the
    international community to make sure that Iran comes into compliance
    with its international obligations. And we've been working with France
    and Germany but, obviously, with the United States and others too, to
    make sure that that happens.

        President Bush. Let's see here. Cochran. John [John Cochran, ABC
    News].

        Q. I'm totally shocked. [Laughter]

        President Bush. That's why I called on you. [Laughter]

    [[Page 2968]]

    Democracy in the Middle East

        Q. You know, you talk about democracy being so necessary. There are
    those who would say there is sometimes a harsh peace of a dictator. What
    if the Palestinian state comes up with somebody who is not a democrat
    but is willing to have peace with the Israelis? And let me transfer that
    to the Iraqis as well. What if the Iraqis come up with somebody who's
    not friendly to the United States, is not a democrat, but it's peaceful.
    Is this something you can live with?
        President Bush. Well, first of all, if there's an election, the
    Iraqis will have come up with somebody who is duly elected. In other
    words, democracy will have spoken. And that person is going to have to
    listen to the people, not to the whims of a dictator, not to their own
    desires, personal desires. The great thing about democracy is you
    actually go out and ask the people for a vote, as you might have noticed
    recently. And the people get to decide, and they get to decide the
    course of their future. And so it's a contradiction in terms to say a
    dictator gets elected. The person who gets elected is chosen by the
    people. And so I don't--I'm not----
        Q. You can be elected and be a tyrant.
        President Bush. Well, you can be elected and then be a strong man,
    and then you get voted out, so long as you end up honoring democracy.
    But if you're true to democracy, you'll listen to the people, not to
    your own desires. If you're true to democracy, you'll do what the people
    want you to do. That's the difference between democracy and a tyrant.
        And the Palestinians may decide to elect a real strong personality.
    But we'll hold their feet to the fire to make sure that democracy
    prevails, that there are free elections. And if they don't--the people
    of the Palestinian territory don't like the way this person is
    responding to their needs, they will vote him or her out.
        And the reason why I'm so strong on democracy is, democracies don't
    go to war with each other. And the reason why is, the people of most
    societies don't like war, and they understand what war means. And one of
    these days, the people of the Palestinian--the Palestinians will realize
    that there is a bright future because freedom is taking hold--a future
    that enables their children to get educated, a future in which they can
    start their businesses, a future in which they're certain that the money
    that's going into the treasury of their government is being spent
    fairly, in a transparent way, a future in which corruption is not the
    norm, a future in which rule of law prevails. And that leads to a
    peaceful society.
        I've got great faith in democracies to promote peace. And that's why
    I'm such a strong believer that the way forward in the Middle East, the
    broader Middle East, is to promote democracy.
        I readily concede there are skeptics, people who say democracy is
    not possible in certain societies. But remember, that was said right
    after World War II with Japan. And today, one of the people that I work
    closest with is my friend Prime Minister Koizumi. And it's a--it's remarkable to me that we sit down
    at the same table, talking about keeping the peace in places like North
    Korea, and it really wasn't all that long ago in the march of history
    that we were enemies. The Prime Minister knows Koizumi. He's a good man.
    And he's an ally because democracy took hold in Japan. And yet there was
    a lot of skeptics. When you look at the writings right after World War
    II, a lot of people said, ``You're wasting your time to try to promote
    democracy in Japan.'' There were some, I suspect maybe in Great Britain
    and I know in America, that were writing, ``You're wasting your time to
    promote democracy in Germany,'' after World War II. And yet fortunately,
    people who preceded us had great faith in liberty to transform
    societies. And that's what we're talking about is taking place.

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        And it's hard, and it's difficult, particularly in a society like
    Iraq, because the terrorists understand the stakes of freedom. And
    they're willing to kill people in brutal fashion to stop it. And I
    believe we have a duty and an obligation to work to make sure democracy
    takes hold. It's a duty to our own country. It's a duty to generations
    of Americans and children of Great Britain to help secure the peace by
    promoting democratic societies.
        Prime Minister Blair. First of all, I should say, Koizumi is a good
    man not just because I know him, but--[laughter]--although that helps a
    lot, I think. [Laughter]
        But I think the President said something here that I really think is
    very, very important. In the politics--when I was first a member of
    Parliament and making my way up the greasy pole and all the rest of it,
    there was a view in foreign policy that you dealt with countries on the
    basis of whatever attitude they had towards you, but really, whatever
    they did within their own countries, that was up to them and didn't
    really make a difference to your long-term relationship. I think what we
    are learning today is that there is not stability of any true, long-term
    kind without democratic rights for free people to decide their
    government. Now, that doesn't mean to say we try and interfere with
    every state around the world, but it does mean that there's been a
    shift, and I think a shift quite dramatically, since 9/11 in the
    thinking that is informing our view of how we make progress.
        That's why it wasn't enough to go into Afghanistan and root out Al
    Qaida or knock down the Taliban. We actually had to go there and say,
    ``No, we must replace that with a democratic form of government,''
    because, in the end, if we replace it simply with another dictator, then
    we'll get the same instability back. That's why in Iraq, we decided,
    when Saddam was removed, we didn't want another hard man coming in,
    another dictator.
        Now, it's a struggle, because democracy is hard to bring into
    countries that have never had it before. But I've no doubt at all that
    the Iraqi people, given the chance--and indeed, you can see this in some
    of the local elections now down in the south of Iraq--given the chance,
    they'll want to elect their leaders. Why wouldn't they? I mean, why
    would they want a strong-arm leader who's going to have the secret
    police, no freedom of speech, no free press, no human rights, no proper
    law courts? The people want the freedom. What we recognized, I think,
    today, is that we're not going to have our security unless they get that
    freedom.
        So when we come to the issue of Israel and Palestine, I think what
    we are saying is, we are going to work flat-out to deliver this. But
    people have to understand, we can't deliver something unless the people
    whom it affects actually want it to happen. And we don't believe there
    will be a viable future for a state of Palestine unless it's based on
    certain key democratic principles.
        Now, I think that's a tremendous thing. And I also think that in the
    end--of course, you're right, people can vote for the people they'd like
    to vote for in elections, right? That's what democracy is about. I think
    we've got to have some faith, though, in the ability of ordinary people,
    decent people, to decide their own future. Because it's a curious thing,
    you look at all these Eastern European countries--Central, Eastern
    European countries in the European Union now, just democracies over the
    last 10 years--fierce election debates, changes of Government, often
    difficult circumstances when the Governments change. But you go to those
    countries and talk to the people there, and their sense of liberation
    and their sense of self-worth as a result of the freedom they have--that
    is the best testament to why it's sensible to have faith in democracy.
        And sometimes when people say, ``Well it's--you've got a Republican
    President and a progressive politician from across the

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    water,'' but in my view, people from different sides of the political
    spectrum should be able to come together to argue that policy case,
    because democracy is something that should unite us, whatever political
    position we have.
        David.

    United Kingdom-United States Relations

        Q. David Charter from The Times in London. Mr. President, first, the
    Prime Minister is sometimes, perhaps unfairly, characterized in Britain
    as your poodle. I was wondering if that's the way you may see your
    relationship? And perhaps, more seriously, do you feel for the----
        Prime Minister Blair. Don't answer yes to that question. If you do,
    I would be--[laughter]--that would be difficult.
        Q. Do you feel, for the strong support that Britain has given you
    over Iraq, that you have to pay back Britain for that support in some
    way?
        President Bush. The Prime Minister made the decision he did because
    he wanted to do his duty to secure the people of Great Britain. That's
    why he made the decision--plenty capable of making his own mind. He's a
    strong, capable man. I admire him a lot. You know why? When he tells you
    something, he means it. You spend much time in politics, you'll know
    there's some people around this part of the--this kind of line of work
    where they tell you something, they don't mean it. When he says
    something, he means it. He's a big thinker. He's got a clear vision, and
    when times get tough, he doesn't wilt. When they--when the criticism
    starts to come his way--I suspect that might be happening on occasion--
    he stands what he believes in. That's the kind of person I like to deal
    with. He is a--I'm a lucky person--a lucky President, to be holding
    office at the same time this man holds the Prime Ministership.
        These are troubled times. It's a tough world. What this world needs
    is steady, rock-solid leaders who stand on principle, and that's what
    the Prime Minister means to me.
        Prime Minister Blair. I just want to add one thing, which is that,
    well, this concept of payback--we are--we're not fighting the war
    against terrorism because we are an ally of the United States. We are an
    ally of the United States because we believe in fighting this war
    against terrorism. We share the same objectives. We share the same
    values. And if we look back over our own history in the last half-
    century or more, we, both of us, in different ways, the United States
    and Britain, have a cause to be thankful for this alliance and this
    partnership. And I should we--I believe we should be thankful that it is
    as strong as it is today. And as long as I remain Prime Minister of our
    country, it will carry on being strong, not because that's in the
    interests of America, simply, or in the interests of the international
    community, but because I believe passionately it is in the interests of
    Britain.
        President Bush. Good job. Thank you, sir.
        Thank you all.

    Note: The President's news conference began at 11:25 a.m. in the East
    Room at the White House. In his remarks, he referred to President Hamid
    Karzai of Afghanistan; Prime Minister Ayad Allawi of the Iraqi Interim
    Government; and Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi of Japan. Prime
    Minister Blair referred to Prime Minister Ariel Sharon of Israel; and
    former President Saddam Hussein of Iraq.

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