    [Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George W. Bush (2003, Book II)]
    [July 9, 2003]
    [Pages 848-853]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]

    The President's News Conference With President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa in Pretoria, South Africa
    July 9, 2003

        President Mbeki. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome.
    I'm very pleased indeed to welcome President Bush and his delegation,
    Mrs. Bush, and young Barbara. We are very pleased indeed, Mr. President,
    that you were able to come. It's very important for us because of the
    importance of the United States to our future and the United States to
    the future of our continent.
        We've had very good discussions with the President, able to cover
    quite a wide field. We're very pleased with the development of the
    bilateral relations, strong economic links, growing all the time.
    Continued attention by the U.S. corporate world on South Africa is very
    critically important for us. AGOA has had a very big impact in terms of
    the development of our economy, and we continue to work on all of these
    matters.
        It also gave us a chance to convey our thanks to the President for
    the support with regards to meeting the African continental challenges.
    That includes questions of peace and security, the NEPAD processes,
    again, very important for the future of our continent. That, of course,
    also gave an opportunity to discuss some of the specific areas of
    conflict around the continent.
        I must say, President, that at the end of these discussions, we, all
    of us, feel enormously strengthened by your very, very firm and clear
    commitment to assist us to meet the challenges that we've got to meet
    domestically and on the African Continent. And therefore, President,
    thank you very much indeed for coming. We--the visit will certainly
    result in strengthened bilateral relations and strengthened cooperation
    to meet these other challenges that we face together.
        But welcome, President.
        President Bush. Mr. President, thanks. Gosh, we're honored to be
    here. Thank you for your wonderful hospitality. Thank Mrs. Mbeki as well for her gracious hospitality. It's a
    pleasure to be in South Africa.
        Your Nation's recent history is a great story of courage and
    persistence in the pursuit of justice. This is a country that threw off
    oppression and is now the force of freedom and stability and a force for
    progress throughout the continent of Africa.
        I appreciate our strong relationship, and it is a vital
    relationship. And Mr. President, I want to thank you very much for
    working hard to make it a vital and strong relationship. We've met quite
    a few times in the recent past, and every time we've met, I've--I feel
    refreshed and appreciate very much your advice and counsel and your
    leadership.
        I appreciate the President's dedication to openness and
    accountability. He is advancing these principles in the New Partnership
    for African Development, the leader in that effort. The President and I
    believe that the partnership can help extend democracy and free markets
    and transparency across the continent of Africa. President Mbeki has
    shown great leadership in this initiative, and our country will support
    the leaders who accept the principles of reform, and we'll

    [[Page 849]]

    work with them. So thank you, Mr. President.
        South Africa is playing a critical role in promoting regional
    security in Africa, and we discussed the President's leadership, for
    example, in Burundi. South Africa has helped achieve the peaceful
    inauguration of a new President. Or in
    the Congo, South Africa brokered an agreement on the creation of a
    transitional government. And in Zimbabwe, I've encouraged President
    Mbeki and his Government to continue to work for the return of democracy
    in that important country.
        I also discussed with the President the importance of the continued
    cooperation in the global war on terror. The United States and South
    Africa are working together to strengthen this nation's border security
    and law enforcement. And we're devoting $100 million to help countries
    in eastern Africa increase their counterterror efforts. We are
    determined to fight and to join our friends to fight terrorists
    throughout this continent, throughout the world.
        We're also committed to helping African nations achieve peace. In
    Liberia, the United States strongly supports the cease-fire agreement
    signed last month. President Taylor needs to
    leave Liberia so that his country can be spared further grief and
    bloodshed. Yesterday, I talked with President Kufuor of Ghana, who leads ECOWAS. I shared with the
    President our conversation. I assured him the United States will work
    closely with ECOWAS and the United Nations to maintain the cease-fire
    and to enable a peaceful transfer of power.
        We're also pressing forward to help end Africa's long-running civil
    war in Sudan. My Special Envoy, Senator Jack Danforth, is returning to the region. We're making progress there.
    And his message is that there's only one option, and that's going to be
    peace. And his efforts are making good progress.
        The President also discussed our action to combat HIV/AIDS. South
    Africa has recently increased its budget to fight the disease, and we
    noticed and we appreciate that. America is now undertaking a major new
    effort to help governments and private groups combat AIDS. Over the next
    5 years, we will spend $15 billion in the global fight against AIDS.
    People across Africa had the will to fight this disease but often not
    the resources, and the United States of America is willing to put up the
    resources to help in the fight.
        We're committed to helping the people of Africa defeat hunger. We
    provided more than 500,000 metric tons of food aid to southern Africa
    over the past 18 months. This year we'll provide nearly $1 billion to
    address food emergencies. We care when we see people who are hungry. We
    look forward to working with Mr. President to alleviate suffering.
        We're also working to expand trade, which I believe is the key to
    Africa's economic future. The African Growth and Opportunity Act is
    creating jobs and stimulating investment across the continent. Right
    here in South Africa, exports to the United States under AGOA have
    increased by 45 percent in the last year alone--significant progress.
    We're working with five nations of the Southern African Customs Union on
    a free trade agreement to help expand the circle of prosperity even
    wider.
        Mr. President, our countries have many common interests. We also
    share a fundamental commitment to the spread of peace and human rights
    and liberty. By working in close partnership, we're serving both the
    interests of the people of South Africa and the United States.
        I want to thank you for your friendship, appreciate the hospitality.
    It's been a great honor to be in your country.
        President Mbeki. Thank you very much, President.
        I understand that two U.S. journalists and two South African
    journalists will pose some questions.

    [[Page 850]]

    HIV/AIDS Initiative

        Q. Thank you, Mr. President. I'd like to direct the question to both
    Presidents, and it does concern the issue of HIV/AIDS and the $15
    billion grant. Did you manage to reach some kind of understanding or
    consensus on the issue of how South Africa will access that money, on
    what terms South Africa will be able to access that money?
        And President Bush, did you give any undertakings in terms of using
    your influence to ensure that there will be cheaper access--access to
    cheaper drugs and medicines?
        And to President Mbeki, sir, did you----
        President Mbeki. How many questions----
        President Bush. Yes, I was going to say--[laughter].
        Q. This is the last part.
        President Bush. This is the ultimate five-part question. [Laughter]
        Q. Did you give any undertaking in terms of the running out of the
    national treatment plan? Thank you.
        President Mbeki. Well, as the President had indicated, we did indeed
    discuss this. The situation is that we received a request from the U.S.
    Government to say, can we make proposals as to how to access the fund,
    for what purposes--a program, a program that we would present. So we are
    working on that. We want to respond to that request from the United
    States Government as quickly as is possible. We will do that and convey
    it. So it will be out of that process of discussion that will result,
    out of that proposal between the U.S. Government and ourselves, that
    then will come a program, a particular concrete kind of action, with the
    necessary costing when we get to that stage. So that's where we are.
        So the matter will be discussed in that way. And President Bush had
    indicated in our discussions that of course the U.S. Government is
    taking a comprehensive approach to this, which would, therefore, include
    questions of awareness, questions of health infrastructure, questions of
    treatment, and so on. So we will look at the totality of those and--in
    the proposal that we would make.
        President Bush. We just named Tobias to
    be the Ambassador, nominated him to be the Ambassador, and he's--upon
    confirmation--will be working with the countries such as South Africa to
    develop a strategy--is what we need. We need a commonsense strategy to
    make sure that the money is well-spent. And the definition of ``well-
    spent'' means lives are saved, which means good treatment programs, good
    prevention programs, good programs to develop health infrastructures in
    remote parts of different countries so that we can actually get
    antiretroviral drugs to those who need help.
        The cost of antiretroviral drugs has dropped substantially. But we
    did talk about the pharmaceutical union in a broader context. As you may
    know, the United States supported a moratorium on the enforcement of
    patent laws concerning those drugs related to diseases that were causing
    pandemics. And we will continue to work with South Africa as well as
    other countries to see if we can't reach a commonsense policy that, on
    the one hand, protects intellectual property rights and, on the other
    hand, makes, you know, lifesaving drugs or treatment drugs for, in some
    cases, lifesaving, in some cases that are proper for treatment, more
    widely available at reasonable costs.
        But one reason I felt emboldened to ask the Congress for a
    substantial amount of new money for the AIDS Initiative was because of
    the cost of antiretrovirals, and it's significantly lower than it was a
    couple of years ago.
        So we're making good progress. And I look forward to working with
    the President on putting together a sound strategy that saves lives.
    That's what our country is interested in. We're interested in dealing
    with this pandemic in a practical way.

    [[Page 851]]

        Tom [Tom Raum, Associated Press]. But whatever you do, don't fall
    into that bad habit of asking both of us three or four questions.
    [Laughter] How about keeping it to one.

    Liberia/Deployment of U.S. Troops Worldwide

        Q. Mr. President, you have an assessment team in Liberia now to help
    you decide whether to send in U.S. troops as part of a peacekeeping
    effort.
        President Bush. Right.
        Q. U.S. troops are getting shot at increasingly in Iraq every day.
    We have troops in Kosovo, Bosnia, Afghanistan, Korea. What do you say to
    critics who suggest that our forces may be spread too thinly now to
    engage in further initiatives?
        And to President Mbeki, do you think that the United States should
    play a more active role in peacekeeping, specifically in Liberia?
        President Bush. Well, first, my answer to people is that we won't
    overextend our troops, period.
        Secondly, we have made a commitment that we will work closely with
    the United Nations and ECOWAS to enforce the cease-fire, see to it that
    Mr. Taylor leaves office, so that there can
    be a peaceful transition in Liberia. We've made that commitment. I've
    said it clearly more than one time, like yesterday in Senegal, for
    example. So nothing has changed from about 12 hours ago on that
    question.
        We do have assessment teams there to assess what is necessary to
    help with the transition. And the President brought up the question, and
    he can answer it his own way. But he asked whether or not we'd be
    involved, and I said, ``Yes, we'll be involved.'' And we're now
    determining the extent of our involvement.
        President Mbeki. Yes, certainly, we discussed this question with the
    President many years ago and agreed that it's critically important that
    we as Africans should, indeed, take responsibility for the future of
    peace and stability on the continent. So that is a principal obligation
    that falls on us as Africans.
        So as you would know, the West African states, ECOWAS, have agreed
    to send in troops into Liberia. And they are trying to move that process
    forward as quickly as is possible.
        We appreciate very much the point that was made by the President of
    the commitment of the United States to lend support--the assessment
    teams are there to assess that--to lend support to those processes,
    processes of restoration of peace, making sure people don't starve,
    making sure that there's a restoration of democracy in Liberia.
        So the U.S. will cooperate with the African troops that will go
    there. So it's not--we're not saying that this is a burden that just
    falls on the United States. It really ought to principally fall on us as
    Africans. Of course, we need a lot of support, logistics-wise and so on,
    to do that, but the will is there.
        President Bush. Just one quick followup on that--violating of the
    one-answer policy. [Laughter] I think our money has helped train seven
    battalions of peacekeepers amongst African troops. And it's a sensible
    policy for us to continue that training mission, so that we never do get
    overextended.
        And so one of the things you'll see us do is invigorate this--
    reinvigorate the strategy of helping people help themselves by providing
    training opportunities. I think we've trained five Nigerian battalions,
    if I'm not mistaken, one Senegalese. So we've got--but it's in our
    interest that we continue that strategy, Tom, so that we don't ever get
    overextended.
        President Mbeki. Thanks.

    Zimbabwe

        Q. During the past week, the two Presidents or the Governments of--
    the Government of the U.S. and South Africa have expressed sharp
    differences about the best way to deal with the Zimbabwean question.

    [[Page 852]]

        President Bush. Yes.
        Q. And having met this morning, I wonder if the two Presidents have
    found the best approach or have agreed about the best approach to deal
    with Zimbabwe. I see that it has come up. Can we get from the smiles
    that you now have a formula to deal best with Zimbabwe? [Laughter]
        President Mbeki. I didn't know, President, that we'd expressed sharp
    differences.
        President Bush. That's right. [Laughter]
        President Mbeki. No. We are absolutely of one mind, the two
    Governments and President Bush and myself are absolutely of one mind
    about the urgent need to address the political and economic challenges
    of Zimbabwe. It's necessary to resolve this matter as quickly as is
    possible.
        We have said, as you would know, for a long time that the principle
    is rooted--principal responsibility for the resolution of these problems
    rests with the people of Zimbabwe and, therefore, have urged them--both
    the ruling party and the opposition, the Government and the opposition--
    to get together and seriously tackle all of these issues.
        I did tell the President that, indeed, the Government--ZANU-PF and
    the MDC are indeed discussing. They are engaged in discussions on all of
    the matters that would be relevant to the resolution of these political
    and economic problems. So that process is going on. We have communicated
    the message to both sides that--indeed, as we agreed with the
    President--that it is very, very important that they should move forward
    with urgency to find a resolution to these questions.
        Of course, again, as the President was saying, that apart from these
    important political issues about democrats and so on, you actually have
    ordinary people who are hungry in an economy which can't cope with them,
    and you can't allow that kind of situation to go on forever. So they are
    discussing.
        We had discussed this matter earlier, sometime back, with the U.S.
    Government that we have to find--we've got to find a way of getting a
    political solution, and we would indeed count very much on such
    economic, financial support as would come from the United States
    afterwards, in order to address the urgent challenges that face
    Zimbabwe.
        So we didn't fight about any of what I've just said. [Laughter]
        President Bush. We were smiling because we were certain a clever
    reporter would try to use the Zimbabwe issue as a way to maybe create
    tensions which don't exist.
        Look, Zimbabwe is an important country for the economic health of
    Africa. A free, peaceful Zimbabwe has got the capacity to deliver a lot
    of goods and services which are needed on this continent in order to
    help relieve suffering. And it's a very sad situation that's taken place
    in that country.
        Look, we share the same objective. The President is the person most
    involved. He represents a mighty country in the neighborhood who's,
    because of his position and his responsibility, is working the issue.
    And I'm not--not any intention of second-guessing his tactics. We share
    the same outcome. And I think it's important for the United States,
    whether it be me or my Secretary of State, to speak out when we see a
    situation where somebody's freedoms have been taken away from them and
    they're suffering. And that's what we're going to continue to do.
        The President is the point man on this important subject. He is
    working it very hard. He's in touch with the parties involved. He is--
    he's making--he believes, making good progress. And the United States
    supports him in this effort.
        Last question. Randy [Randall Mikkelsen, Reuters].

    Intelligence on Iraq/Zimbabwe

        Q. Yes, Mr. President. Do you regret that your State of the Union
    accusation that Iraq was trying to buy nuclear materials in Africa is
    now fueling charges that you and Prime Minister Blair misled the public?

    [[Page 853]]

    And then, secondly, following up on Zimbabwe, are you willing to have a
    representative meet with a representative of the Zimbabwe opposition
    leader, who sent a delegation here and complained that he did not think
    Mr. Mbeki could be an honest broker in the process?
        President Bush. Well, I think Mr. Mbeki can be an honest broker, to
    answer the second question.
        The first question is--look, there is no doubt in my mind that
    Saddam Hussein was a threat to the world
    peace. And there's no doubt in my mind the United States, along with
    allies and friends, did the right thing in removing him from power. And
    there's no doubt in my mind, when it's all said and done, the facts will
    show the world the truth. There's absolutely no doubt in my mind. And so
    there's going to be a lot of, you know, attempts to try to rewrite
    history, and I can understand that. But I am absolutely confident in the
    decision I made.
        Q. Do you still believe they were trying to buy nuclear materials in
    Africa?
        President Bush. Right now?
        Q. No, were they? I mean, the statement you made----
        President Bush. One thing is for certain, he's not trying to buy anything right now. If he's alive,
    he's on the run. And that's to the benefit of the Iraqi people. But
    look, I am confident that Saddam Hussein had a weapons of mass
    destruction program. In 1991, I will remind you, we underestimated how
    close he was to having a nuclear weapon. Imagine a world in which this
    tyrant had a nuclear weapon. In 1998, my predecessor raided Iraq based
    upon the very same intelligence. And in 2003, after the world had
    demanded he disarm, we decided to disarm him. And I'm convinced the
    world is a much more peaceful and secure place as a result of the
    actions.
        Thank you all very much.
        President Mbeki. Thanks a lot.

    Note: The President's news conference began at 11:47 a.m. at the
    Presidential Guest House. In his remarks, President Bush referred to
    Zanele Dlamini, wife of President Mbeki; President Domitien Ndayizeye of
    Burundi; President Charles Taylor of Liberia; President John Agyekum
    Kufuor of Ghana; former Senator John C. Danforth, Special Envoy for
    Peace in the Sudan; Randall Tobias, nominee to be Global AIDS
    Coordinator, Department of State; and former President Saddam Hussein of
    Iraq. President Mbeki referred to the Zimbabwe African National Union
    Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), political party of President Robert Mugabe of
    Zimbabwe, and the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), the opposition
    party.