[Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: WILLIAM J. CLINTON (2000, Book I)]
[January 27, 2000]
[Pages 129-140]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]



Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union
January 27, 2000

    Mr. Speaker, Mr. Vice President, Members of Congress, honored guests, my fellow 
Americans:
    We are fortunate to be alive at this moment in history. Never before 
has our Nation enjoyed, at once, so much prosperity and social progress 
with so little internal crisis and so few external threats. Never before 
have we had such a blessed opportunity and, therefore, such a profound 
obligation to build the more perfect Union of our Founders' dreams.
    We begin the new century with over 20 million new jobs; the fastest 
economic growth in more than 30 years; the lowest unemployment rates in 
30 years; the lowest poverty rates in 20 years; the lowest African-
American and Hispanic unemployment rates on record; the first back-to-
back surpluses in 42 years; and next month, America will achieve the 
longest period of economic growth in our entire history. We have built a 
new economy.
    And our economic revolution has been matched by a revival of the 
American spirit: crime down by 20 percent, to its lowest level in 25 
years; teen births down 7 years in a row; adoptions up by 30 percent; 
welfare rolls cut in half, to their lowest levels in 30 years.
    My fellow Americans, the state of our Union is the strongest it has 
ever been.
    As always, the real credit belongs to the American people. My 
gratitude also goes to those of you in this Chamber who have worked with 
us to put progress over partisanship.
    Eight years ago, it was not so clear to most Americans there would 
be much to celebrate in the year 2000. Then our Nation was gripped by 
economic distress, social decline, political gridlock. The title of a 
best-selling book asked: ``America: What Went Wrong?''
    In the best traditions of our Nation, Americans determined to set 
things right. We restored the vital center, replacing outmoded 
ideologies with a new vision anchored in basic, enduring values: 
opportunity for all, responsibility from all, a community of all 
Americans. We reinvented Government, transforming it into a catalyst for 
new ideas that stress both opportunity and responsibility and give our 
people the tools they need to solve their own problems.
    With the smallest Federal work force in 40 years, we turned record 
deficits into record surpluses and doubled our investment in education. 
We cut crime with 100,000 community police and the Brady law, which has 
kept guns out of the hands of half a million criminals.

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    We ended welfare as we knew it, requiring work while protecting 
health care and nutrition for children and investing more in child care, 
transportation, and housing to help their parents go to work. We've 
helped parents to succeed at home and at work with family leave, which 
20 million Americans have now used to care for a newborn child or a sick 
loved one. We've engaged 150,000 young Americans in citizen service 
through AmeriCorps, while helping them earn money for college.
    In 1992, we just had a roadmap. Today, we have results.
    Even more important, America again has the confidence to dream big 
dreams. But we must not let this confidence drift into complacency. For 
we, all of us, will be judged by the dreams and deeds we pass on to our 
children. And on that score, we will be held to a high standard, indeed, 
because our chance to do good is so great.
    My fellow Americans, we have crossed the bridge we built to the 21st 
century. Now, we must shape a 21st century American revolution of 
opportunity, responsibility, and community. We must be now, as we were 
in the beginning, a new nation.
    At the dawn of the last century, Theodore Roosevelt said, ``The one 
characteristic more essential than any other is foresight . . . it 
should be the growing Nation with a future that takes the long look 
ahead.'' So tonight let us take our long look ahead and set great goals 
for our Nation.
    To 21st century America, let us pledge these things: Every child 
will begin school ready to learn and graduate ready to succeed. Every 
family will be able to succeed at home and at work, and no child will be 
raised in poverty. We will meet the challenge of the aging of America. 
We will assure quality, affordable health care, at last, for all 
Americans. We will make America the safest big country on Earth. We will 
pay off our national debt for the first time since 1835.* We will bring 
prosperity to every American community. We will reverse the course of 
climate change and leave a safer, cleaner planet. America will lead the 
world toward shared peace and prosperity and the far frontiers of 
science and technology. And we will become at last what our Founders 
pledged us to be so long ago: One Nation, under God, indivisible, with 
liberty and justice for all.
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    *White House correction.
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    These are great goals, worthy of a great nation. We will not reach 
them all this year, not even in this decade. But we will reach them. Let 
us remember that the first American Revolution was not won with a single 
shot; the continent was not settled in a single year. The lesson of our 
history and the lesson of the last 7 years is that great goals are 
reached step by step, always building on our progress, always gaining 
ground.
    Of course, you can't gain ground if you're standing still. And for 
too long this Congress has been standing still on some of our most 
pressing national priorities. So let's begin tonight with them.
    Again, I ask you to pass a real Patients' Bill of Rights. I ask you 
to pass commonsense gun safety legislation. I ask you to pass campaign 
finance reform. I ask you to vote up or down on judicial nominations and 
other important appointees. And again, I ask you--I implore you to raise 
the minimum wage.
    Now, 2 years ago--let me try to balance the seesaw here--
[laughter]--2 years ago, as we reached across party lines to reach our 
first balanced budget, I asked that we meet our responsibility to the 
next generation by maintaining our fiscal discipline. Because we refused 
to stray from that path, we are doing something that would have seemed 
unimaginable 7 years ago. We are actually paying down the national debt. 
Now, if we stay on this path, we can pay down the debt entirely in just 
13 years now and make America debt-free for the first time since Andrew 
Jackson was President in 1835.
    In 1993 we began to put our fiscal house in order with the Deficit 
Reduction Act, which you'll all remember won passages in both Houses by 
just a single vote. Your former colleague, my first Secretary of the 
Treasury, led that effort and sparked our long boom. He's here with us 
tonight. Lloyd Bentsen, you have served 
America well, and we thank you.
    Beyond paying off the debt, we must ensure that the benefits of debt 
reduction go to preserving two of the most important guarantees we make 
to every American, Social Security and Medicare. Tonight I ask you to 
work with me to make a bipartisan downpayment on Social Security reform 
by crediting the interest savings from debt reduction to the Social 
Security Trust

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Fund so that it will be strong and sound for the next 50 years.
    But this is just the start of our journey. We must also take the 
right steps toward reaching our great goals. First and foremost, we need 
a 21st century revolution in education, guided by our faith that every 
single child can learn. Because education is more important than ever, 
more than ever the key to our children's future, we must make sure all 
our children have that key. That means quality preschool and after-
school, the best trained teachers in the classroom, and college 
opportunities for all our children.
    For 7 years now, we've worked hard to improve our schools, with 
opportunity and responsibility, investing more but demanding more in 
turn. Reading, math, college entrance scores are up. Some of the most 
impressive gains are in schools in very poor neighborhoods.
    But all successful schools have followed the same proven formula: 
higher standards, more accountability, and extra help so children who 
need it can get it to reach those standards. I have sent Congress a 
reform plan based on that formula. It holds States and school districts 
accountable for progress and rewards them for results. Each year, our 
National Government invests more than $15 billion in our schools. It is 
time to support what works and stop supporting what doesn't.
    Now, as we demand more from our schools, we should also invest more 
in our schools. Let's double our investment to help States and districts 
turn around their worst performing schools or shut them down. Let's 
double our investments in after-school and summer school programs, which 
boost achievement and keep people off the streets and out of trouble. If 
we do this, we can give every single child in every failing school in 
America--everyone--the chance to meet high standards.
    Since 1993, we've nearly doubled our investment in Head Start and 
improved its quality. Tonight I ask you for another $1 billion for Head 
Start, the largest increase in the history of the program.
    We know that children learn best in smaller classes with good 
teachers. For 2 years in a row, Congress has supported my plan to hire 
100,000 new qualified teachers to lower class size in the early grades. 
I thank you for that, and I ask you to make it 3 in a row. And to make 
sure all teachers know the subjects they teach, tonight I propose a new 
teacher quality initiative, to recruit more talented people into the 
classroom, reward good teachers for staying there, and give all teachers 
the training they need.
    We know charter schools provide real public school choice. When I 
became President, there was just one independent public charter school 
in all America. Today, thanks to you, there are 1,700. I ask you now to 
help us meet our goal of 3,000 charter schools by next year.
    We know we must connect all our classrooms to the Internet, and 
we're getting there. In 1994, only 3 percent of our classrooms were 
connected. Today, with the help of the Vice President's E-rate program, more than half of them are, and 90 
percent of our schools have at least one Internet connection. But we 
cannot finish the job when a third of all our schools are in serious 
disrepair. Many of them have walls and wires so old, they're too old for 
the Internet. So tonight I propose to help 5,000 schools a year make 
immediate and urgent repairs and, again, to help build or modernize 
6,000 more, to get students out of trailers and into high-tech 
classrooms.
    I ask all of you to help me double our bipartisan GEAR UP program, 
which provides mentors for disadvantaged young people. If we double it, 
we can provide mentors for 1.4 million of them. Let's also offer these 
kids from disadvantaged backgrounds the same chance to take the same 
college test-prep courses wealthier students use to boost their test 
scores.
    To make the American dream achievable for all, we must make college 
affordable for all. For 7 years, on a bipartisan basis, we have taken 
action toward that goal: larger Pell grants, more affordable student 
loans, education IRA's, and our HOPE scholarships, which have already 
benefited 5 million young people.
    Now, 67 percent of high school graduates are going on to college. 
That's up 10 percent since 1993. Yet millions of families still strain 
to pay college tuition. They need help. So I propose a landmark $30 
billion college opportunity tax cut, a middle class tax deduction for up 
to $10,000 in college tuition costs. The previous actions of this 
Congress have already made 2 years of college affordable for all. It's 
time make 4 years of college affordable for all. If we take all these 
steps, we'll move a long way toward making sure every child starts 
school ready to learn and graduates ready to succeed.

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    We also need a 21st century revolution to reward work and strengthen 
families by giving every parent the tools to succeed at work and at the 
most important work of all, raising children. That means making sure 
every family has health care and the support to care for aging parents, 
the tools to bring their children up right, and that no child grows up 
in poverty.
    From my first days as President, we've worked to give families 
better access to better health care. In 1997, we passed the Children's 
Health Insurance Program--CHIP--so that workers who don't have coverage 
through their employers at least can get it for their children. So far, 
we've enrolled 2 million children. We're well on our way to our goal of 
5 million.
    But there are still more than 40 million of our fellow Americans 
without health insurance, more than there were in 1993. Tonight I 
propose that we follow Vice President Gore's suggestion to make low income parents eligible for the 
insurance that covers their children. Together with our children's 
initiative--think of this--together with our children's initiative, this 
action would enable us to cover nearly a quarter of all the uninsured 
people in America.
    Again, I want to ask you to let people between the ages of 55 and 
65, the fastest growing group of uninsured, buy into Medicare. And this 
year I propose to give them a tax credit to make that choice an 
affordable one. I hope you will support that, as well.
    When the baby boomers retire, Medicare will be faced with caring for 
twice as many of our citizens; yet, it is far from ready to do so. My 
generation must not ask our children's generation to shoulder our 
burden. We simply must act now to strengthen and modernize Medicare.
    My budget includes a comprehensive plan to reform Medicare, to make 
it more efficient and more competitive. And it dedicates nearly $400 
billion of our budget surplus to keep Medicare solvent past 2025. And at 
long last, it also provides funds to give every senior a voluntary 
choice of affordable coverage for prescription drugs.
    Lifesaving drugs are an indispensable part of modern medicine. No 
one creating a Medicare program today would even think of excluding 
coverage for prescription drugs. Yet more than three in five of our 
seniors now lack dependable drug coverage which can lengthen and enrich 
their lives. Millions of older Americans, who need prescription drugs 
the most, pay the highest prices for them. In good conscience, we cannot 
let another year pass without extending to all our seniors this lifeline 
of affordable prescription drugs.
    Record numbers of Americans are providing for aging or ailing loved 
ones at home. It's a loving but a difficult and often very expensive 
choice. Last year, I proposed a $1,000 tax credit for long-term care. 
Frankly, it wasn't enough. This year, let's triple it to $3,000. But 
this year, let's pass it.
    We also have to make needed investments to expand access to mental 
health care. I want to take a moment to thank the person who led our 
first White House Conference on Mental Health last year and who for 7 
years has led all our efforts to break down the barriers to decent 
treatment of people with mental illness. Thank you, Tipper Gore.
    Taken together, these proposals would mark the largest investment in 
health care in the 35 years since Medicare was created--the largest 
investment in 35 years. That would be a big step toward assuring quality 
health care for all Americans, young and old. And I ask you to embrace 
them and pass them.
    We must also make investments that reward work and support families. 
Nothing does that better than the earned-income tax credit, the EITC. 
The ``E'' in the EITC is about earning, working, taking responsibility, 
and being rewarded for it. In my very first address to you, I asked 
Congress to greatly expand this credit, and you did. As a result, in 
1998 alone, the EITC helped more than 4.3 million Americans work their 
way out of poverty toward the middle class. That's double the number in 
1993.
    Tonight I propose another major expansion of the EITC: to reduce the 
marriage penalty, to make sure it rewards marriage as it rewards work, 
and also to expand the tax credit for families that have more than two 
children. It punishes people with more than two children today. Our 
proposal would allow families with three or more children to get up to 
$1,100 more in tax relief. These are working families; their children 
should not be in poverty.
    We also can't reward work and family unless men and women get equal 
pay for equal work. Today the female unemployment rate is the lowest it 
has been in 46 years. Yet, women still only earn about 75 cents for 
every dollar men

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earn. We must do better, by providing the resources to enforce present 
equal pay laws, training more women for high-paying, high-tech jobs, and 
passing the ``Paycheck Fairness Act.''
    Many working parents spend up to a quarter--a quarter--of their 
income on child care. Last year, we helped parents provide child care 
for about 2 million children. My child care initiative before you now, 
along with funds already secured in welfare reform, would make child 
care better, safer, and more affordable for another 400,000 children. I 
ask you to pass that. They need it out there.
    For hard-pressed middle income families, we should also expand the 
child care tax credit. And I believe strongly we should take the next 
big step and make that tax credit refundable for low income families. 
For people making under $30,000 a year, that could mean up to $2,400 for 
child care costs. You know, we all say we're pro-work and pro-family. 
Passing this proposal would prove it.
    Ten of millions of Americans live from paycheck to paycheck. As hard 
as they work, they still don't have the opportunity to save. Too few can 
make use of IRA's and 401k plans. We should do more to help all working 
families save and accumulate wealth. That's the idea behind the 
Individual Development Accounts, the IDA's. I ask you to take that idea 
to a new level, with new retirement savings accounts that enable every 
low and moderate income family in America to save for retirement, a 
first home, a medical emergency, or a college education. I propose to 
match their contributions, however small, dollar for dollar, every year 
they save. And I propose to give a major new tax credit to any small 
business that will provide a meaningful pension to its workers. Those 
people ought to have retirement as well as the rest of us.
    Nearly one in three American children grows up without a father. 
These children are 5 times more likely to live in poverty than children 
with both parents at home. Clearly, demanding and supporting responsible 
fatherhood is critical to lifting all our children out of poverty. We've 
doubled child support collections since 1992. And I'm proposing to you 
tough new measures to hold still more fathers responsible.
    But we should recognize that a lot of fathers want to do right by 
their children but need help to do it. Carlos Rosas of St. Paul, Minnesota, wanted to do right by his son, 
and he got the help to do it. Now he's got a good job, and he supports 
his little boy. My budget will help 40,000 more fathers make the same 
choices Carlos Rosas did. I thank him for being here tonight. Stand up, 
Carlos. [Applause] Thank you.
    If there is any single issue on which we should be able to reach 
across party lines, it is in our common commitment to reward work and 
strengthen families. Just remember what we did last year. We came 
together to help people with disabilities keep their health insurance 
when they go to work. And I thank you for that. Thanks to overwhelming 
bipartisan support from this Congress, we have improved foster care. 
We've helped those young people who leave it when they turn 18, and we 
have dramatically increased the number of foster care children going 
into adoptive homes. I thank all of you for all of that.
    Of course, I am forever grateful to the person who has led our 
efforts from the beginning and who's worked so tirelessly for children 
and families for 30 years now, my wife, Hillary, and I thank her.
    If we take the steps just discussed, we can go a long, long way 
toward empowering parents to succeed at home and at work and ensuring 
that no child is raised in poverty. We can make these vital investments 
in health care, education, support for working families, and still offer 
tax cuts to help pay for college, for retirement, to care for aging 
parents, to reduce the marriage penalty. We can do these things without 
forsaking the path of fiscal discipline that got us to this point here 
tonight. Indeed, we must make these investments and these tax cuts in 
the context of a balanced budget that strengthens and extends the life 
of Social Security and Medicare and pays down the national debt.
    Crime in America has dropped for the past 7 years--that's the 
longest decline on record--thanks to a national consensus we helped to 
forge on community police, sensible gun safety laws, and effective 
prevention. But nobody, nobody here, nobody in America believes we're 
safe enough. So again, I ask you to set a higher goal. Let's make this 
country the safest big country in the world.
    Last fall, Congress supported my plan to hire, in addition to the 
100,000 community police we've already funded, 50,000 more, concentrated 
in high-crime neighborhoods. I ask your continued support for that.

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    Soon after the Columbine tragedy, Congress considered commonsense 
gun legislation, to require Brady background checks at the gun shows, 
child safety locks for new handguns, and a ban on the importation of 
large capacity ammunition clips. With courage and a tie-breaking vote by 
the Vice President--[laughter]--the Senate faced down the gun lobby, 
stood up for the American people, and passed this legislation. But the 
House failed to follow suit.
    Now, we have all seen what happens when guns fall into the wrong 
hands. Daniel Mauser was only 15 years old when he was gunned down at 
Columbine. He was an amazing kid, a straight-A student, a good skier. 
Like all parents who lose their children, his father, Tom, has borne unimaginable grief. Somehow he has found the 
strength to honor his son by transforming his grief into action. Earlier 
this month, he took a leave of absence from his job to fight for tougher 
gun safety laws. I pray that his courage and wisdom will at long last 
move this Congress to make commonsense gun legislation the very next 
order of business. Tom Mauser, stand up. We thank you for being here 
tonight. Tom. Thank you, Tom. [Applause]
    We must strengthen our gun laws and enforce those already on the 
books better. Federal gun crime prosecutions are up 16 percent since I 
took office. But we must do more. I propose to hire more Federal and 
local gun prosecutors and more ATF agents to crack down on illegal gun 
traffickers and bad-apple dealers. And we must give them the enforcement 
tools that they need, tools to trace every gun and every bullet used in 
every gun crime in the United States. I ask you to help us do that.
    Every State in this country already requires hunters and automobile 
drivers to have a license. I think they ought to do the same thing for 
handgun purchases. Now, specifically, I propose a plan to ensure that 
all new handgun buyers must first have a photo license from their State 
showing they passed the Brady background check and a gun safety course, 
before they get the gun. I hope you'll help me pass that in this 
Congress.
    Listen to this--listen to this. The accidental gun rate--the 
accidental gun death rate of children under 15 in the United States is 9 
times higher than in the other 25 industrialized countries combined. 
Now, technologies now exist that could lead to guns that can only be 
fired by the adults who own them. I ask Congress to fund research into 
smart gun technology to save these children's lives. I ask responsible 
leaders in the gun industry to work with us on smart guns and other 
steps to keep guns out of the wrong hands, to keep our children safe.
    You know, every parent I know worries about the impact of violence 
in the media on their children. I want to begin by thanking the 
entertainment industry for accepting my challenge to put voluntary 
ratings on TV programs and video and Internet games. But frankly, the 
ratings are too numerous, diverse, and confusing to be really useful to 
parents. So tonight I ask the industry to accept the First Lady's challenge to develop a single voluntary rating 
system for all children's entertainment that is easier for parents to 
understand and enforce.
    The steps I outline will take us well on our way to making America 
the safest big country in the world.
    Now, to keep our historic economic expansion going, the subject of a 
lot of discussion in this community and others, I believe we need a 21st 
century revolution to open new markets, start new businesses, hire new 
workers right here in America, in our inner cities, poor rural areas, 
and Native American reservations.
    Our Nation's prosperity hasn't yet reached these places. Over the 
last 6 months, I've traveled to a lot of them, joined by many of you and 
many far-sighted business people, to shine a spotlight on the enormous 
potential in communities from Appalachia to the Mississippi Delta, from 
Watts to the Pine Ridge Reservation. Everywhere I go, I meet talented 
people eager for opportunity and able to work. Tonight I ask you, let's 
put them to work. For business, it's the smart thing to do. For America, 
it's the right thing to do. And let me ask you something: If we don't do 
this now, when in the wide world will we ever get around to it?
    So I ask Congress to give businesses the same incentives to invest 
in America's new markets they now have to invest in markets overseas. 
Tonight I propose a large new markets tax credit and other incentives to 
spur $22 billion in private-sector capital to create new businesses and 
new investments in our inner cities and rural areas. Because empowerment 
zones have been creating these opportunities for 5 years now, I also ask 
you to increase incentives to invest in them and to create more of them.
    And let me say to all of you again what I have tried to say at every 
turn: This is not a

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Democratic or a Republican issue. Giving people a chance to live their 
dreams is an American issue.
    Mr. Speaker, it was a powerful moment 
last November when you joined Reverend Jesse Jackson and me in your home State of Illinois and committed to 
working toward our common goal by combining the best ideas from both 
sides of the aisle. I want to thank you again and to tell you, Mr. 
Speaker, I look forward to working with you. This is a worthy joint 
endeavor. Thank you.
    I also ask you to make special efforts to address the areas of our 
Nation with the highest rates of poverty, our Native American 
reservations and the Mississippi Delta. My budget includes a $110 
million initiative to promote economic development in the Delta and a 
billion dollars to increase economic opportunity, health care, 
education, and law enforcement for our Native American communities. We 
should begin this new century by honoring our historic responsibility to 
empower the first Americans. And I want to thank tonight the leaders and 
the members from both parties who've expressed to me an interest in 
working with us on these efforts. They are profoundly important.
    There's another part of our American community in trouble tonight, 
our family farmers. When I signed the farm bill in 1996, I said there 
was great danger it would work well in good times but not in bad. Well, 
droughts, floods, and historically low prices have made these times very 
bad for the farmers. We must work together to strengthen the farm safety 
net, invest in land conservation, and create some new markets for them 
by expanding our programs for bio-based fuels and products. Please, they 
need help. Let's do it together.
    Opportunity for all requires something else today, having access to 
a computer and knowing how to use it. That means we must close the 
digital divide between those who've got the tools and those who don't. 
Connecting classrooms and libraries to the Internet is crucial, but it's 
just a start. My budget ensures that all new teachers are trained to 
teach 21st century skills, and it creates technology centers in 1,000 
communities to serve adults. This spring, I'll invite high-tech leaders 
to join me on another new markets tour, to close the digital divide and 
open opportunity for our people. I want to thank the high-tech companies 
that already are doing so much in this area. I hope the new tax 
incentives I have proposed will get all the rest of them to join us. 
This is a national crusade. We have got to do this and do it quickly.
    Now, again I say to you, these are steps, but step by step, we can 
go a long way toward our goal of bringing opportunity to every 
community.
    To realize the full possibilities of this economy, we must reach 
beyond our own borders to shape the revolution that is tearing down 
barriers and building new networks among nations and individuals and 
economies and cultures: globalization. It's the central reality of our 
time.
    Of course, change this profound is both liberating and threatening 
to people. But there's no turning back. And our open, creative society 
stands to benefit more than any other if we understand and act on the 
realities of interdependence. We have to be at the center of every vital 
global network, as a good neighbor and a good partner. We have to 
recognize that we cannot build our future without helping others to 
build theirs.
    The first thing we have got to do is to forge a new consensus on 
trade. Now, those of us who believe passionately in the power of open 
trade, we have to ensure that it lifts both our living standards and our 
values, never tolerating abusive child labor or a race to the bottom in 
the environment and worker protection. But others must recognize that 
open markets and rule-based trade are the best engines we know of for 
raising living standards, reducing global poverty and environmental 
destruction, and assuring the free flow of ideas.
    I believe, as strongly tonight as I did the first day I got here, 
the only direction forward for America on trade--the only direction for 
America on trade is to keep going forward. I ask you to help me forge 
that consensus. We have to make developing economies our partners in 
prosperity. That's why I would like to ask you again to finalize our 
groundbreaking African and Caribbean Basin trade initiatives.
    But globalization is about more than economics. Our purpose must be 
to bring together the world around freedom and democracy and peace and 
to oppose those who would tear it apart. Here are the fundamental 
challenges I believe America must meet to shape the 21st century world.
    First, we must continue to encourage our former adversaries, Russia 
and China, to emerge

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as stable, prosperous, democratic nations. Both are being held back 
today from reaching their full potential: Russia by the legacy of 
communism, an economy in turmoil, a cruel and self-defeating war in 
Chechnya; China by the illusion that it can buy stability at the expense 
of freedom.
    But think how much has changed in the past decade: 5,000 former 
Soviet nuclear weapons taken out of commission; Russian soldiers 
actually serving with ours in the Balkans; Russian people electing their 
leaders for the first time in 1,000 years; and in China, an economy more 
open to the world than ever before.
    Of course, no one, not a single person in this Chamber tonight can 
know for sure what direction these great nations will take. But we do 
know for sure that we can choose what we do. And we should do everything 
in our power to increase the chance that they will choose wisely, to be 
constructive members of our global community.
    That's why we should support those Russians who are struggling for a 
democratic, prosperous future; continue to reduce both our nuclear 
arsenals; and help Russia to safeguard weapons and materials that 
remain.
    And that's why I believe Congress should support the agreement we 
negotiated to bring China into the WTO, by passing permanent normal 
trade relations with China as soon as possible this year. I think you 
ought to do it for two reasons: First of all, our markets are already 
open to China; this agreement will open China's markets to us. And 
second, it will plainly advance the cause of peace in Asia and promote 
the cause of change in China. No, we don't know where it's going. All we 
can do is decide what we're going to do. But when all is said and done, 
we need to know we did everything we possibly could to maximize the 
chance that China will choose the right future.
    A second challenge we've got is to protect our own security from 
conflicts that pose the risk of wider war and threaten our common 
humanity. We can't prevent every conflict or stop every outrage. But 
where our interests are at stake and we can make a difference, we should 
be, and we must be, peacemakers.
    We should be proud of our role in bringing the Middle East closer to 
a lasting peace, building peace in Northern Ireland, working for peace 
in East Timor and Africa, promoting reconciliation between Greece and 
Turkey and in Cyprus, working to defuse these crises between India and 
Pakistan, in defending human rights and religious freedom. And we should 
be proud of the men and women of our Armed Forces and those of our 
allies who stopped the ethnic cleansing in Kosovo, enabling a million 
people to return to their homes.
    When Slobodan Milosevic unleashed his 
terror on Kosovo, Captain John Cherrey was one 
of the brave airmen who turned the tide. And when another American plane 
was shot down over Serbia, he flew into the teeth of enemy air defenses 
to bring his fellow pilot home. Thanks to our Armed Forces' skill and 
bravery, we prevailed in Kosovo without losing a single American in 
combat. I want to introduce Captain Cherrey to you. We honor Captain 
Cherrey, and we promise you, Captain, we'll finish the job you began. 
Stand up so we can see you. [Applause]
    A third challenge we have is to keep this inexorable march of 
technology from giving terrorists and potentially hostile nations the 
means to undermine our defenses. Keep in mind, the same technological 
advances that have shrunk cell phones to fit in the palms of our hands 
can also make weapons of terror easier to conceal and easier to use.
    We must meet this threat by making effective agreements to restrain 
nuclear and missile programs in North Korea, curbing the flow of lethal 
technology to Iran, preventing Iraq from threatening its neighbors, 
increasing our preparedness against chemical and biological attack, 
protecting our vital computer systems from hackers and criminals, and 
developing a system to defend against new missile threats, while working 
to preserve our ABM missile treaty with Russia. We must do all these 
things.
    I predict to you, when most of us are long gone but some time in the 
next 10 to 20 years, the major security threat this country will face 
will come from the enemies of the nation-state, the narcotraffickers and 
the terrorists and the organized criminals who will be organized 
together, working together, with increasing access to ever more 
sophisticated chemical and biological weapons. And I want to thank the 
Pentagon and others for doing what they're doing right now to try to 
help protect us and plan for that, so that our defenses will be strong. 
I ask for your support to ensure they can succeed.

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    I also want to ask you for a constructive bipartisan dialog this 
year to work to build a consensus which I hope will eventually lead to 
the ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty.
    I hope we can also have a constructive effort to meet the challenge 
that is presented to our planet by the huge gulf between rich and poor. 
We cannot accept a world in which part of humanity lives on the cutting 
edge of a new economy and the rest live on the bare edge of survival. I 
think we have to do our part to change that with expanded trade, 
expanded aid, and the expansion of freedom.
    This is interesting: From Nigeria to Indonesia, more people got the 
right to choose their leaders in 1999 than in 1989, when the Berlin Wall 
fell. We've got to stand by these democracies, including and especially 
tonight Colombia, which is fighting narcotraffickers, for its own 
people's lives and our children's lives. I have proposed a strong 2-year 
package to help Colombia win this fight. I want to thank the leaders in 
both parties in both Houses for listening to me and the President of 
Colombia about it. We have got to pass this. I want to ask your help. A 
lot is riding on it. And it's so important for the long-term stability 
of our country and for what happens in Latin America.
    I also want you to know I'm going to send you new legislation to go 
after what these drug barons value the most, their money. And I hope 
you'll pass that as well.
    In a world where over a billion people live on less than a dollar a 
day, we also have got to do our part in the global endeavor to reduce 
the debts of the poorest countries, so they can invest in education, 
health care, and economic growth. That's what the Pope and other religious leaders have urged us to do. And last 
year, Congress made a downpayment on America's share. I ask you to 
continue that. I thank you for what you did and ask you to stay the 
course.
    I also want to say that America must help more nations to break the 
bonds of disease. Last year in Africa, 10 times as many people died from 
AIDS as were killed in wars--10 times. The budget I give you invests 
$150 million more in the fight against this and other infectious 
killers. And today I propose a tax credit to speed the development of 
vaccines for diseases like malaria, TB, and AIDS. I ask the private 
sector and our partners around the world to join us in embracing this 
cause. We can save millions of lives together, and we ought to do it.
    I also want to mention our final challenge, which, as always, is the 
most important. I ask you to pass a national security budget that keeps 
our military the best trained and best equipped in the world, with 
heightened readiness and 21st century weapons, which raises salaries for 
our service men and women, which protects our veterans, which fully 
funds the diplomacy that keeps our soldiers out of war, which makes good 
on our commitment to our U.N. dues and arrears. I ask you to pass this 
budget.
    I also want to say something, if I might, very personal tonight. The 
American people watching us at home, with the help of all the 
commentators, can tell, from who stands and who sits and who claps and 
who doesn't, that there's still modest differences of opinion in this 
room. [Laughter] But I want to thank you for something, every one of 
you. I want to thank you for the extraordinary support you have given, 
Republicans and Democrats alike, to our men and women in uniform. I 
thank you for that.
    I also want to thank, especially, two people. First, I want to thank 
our Secretary of Defense, Bill Cohen, for 
symbolizing our bipartisan commitment to national security. Thank you, 
sir. Even more, I want to thank his wife, Janet, who, more than any other American citizen, has 
tirelessly traveled this world to show the support we all feel for our 
troops. Thank you, Janet Cohen. I appreciate that. Thank you.
    These are the challenges we have to meet so that we can lead the 
world toward peace and freedom in an era of globalization.
    I want to tell you that I am very grateful for many things as 
President. But one of the things I'm grateful for is the opportunity 
that the Vice President and I have had to finally put to rest the bogus 
idea that you cannot grow the economy and protect the environment at the 
same time.
    As our economy has grown, we've rid more than 500 neighborhoods of 
toxic waste, ensured cleaner air and water for millions of people. In 
the past 3 months alone, we've helped preserve 40 million acres of 
roadless lands in the national forests, created three new national 
monuments.
    But as our communities grow, our commitment to conservation must 
continue to grow.

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Tonight I propose creating a permanent conservation fund, to restore 
wildlife, protect coastlines, save natural treasures, from the 
California redwoods to the Florida Everglades. This lands legacy 
endowment would represent by far the most enduring investment in land 
preservation ever proposed in this House. I hope we can get together 
with all the people with different ideas and do this. This is a gift we 
should give to our children and our grandchildren for all time, across 
party lines. We can make an agreement to do this.
    Last year the Vice President launched a 
new effort to make communities more liberal--livable--[laughter]--
liberal, I know. [Laughter] Wait a minute, I've got a punchline now. 
That's this year's agenda; last year was livable, right? [Laughter] 
That's what Senator Lott is going to say in the commentary afterwards--
[laughter]--to make our communities more livable. This is big business. 
This is a big issue. What does that mean? You ask anybody that lives in 
an unlivable community, and they'll tell you. They want their kids to 
grow up next to parks, not parking lots; the parents don't have to spend 
all their time stalled in traffic when they could be home with their 
children.
    Tonight I ask you to support new funding for the following things, 
to make American communities more liberal--livable. [Laughter] I've done 
pretty well with this speech, but I can't say that.
    One, I want you to help us to do three things. We need more funding 
for advanced transit systems. We need more funding for saving open 
spaces in places of heavy development. And we need more funding--this 
ought to have bipartisan appeal--we need more funding for helping major 
cities around the Great Lakes protect their waterways and enhance their 
quality of life. We need these things, and I want you to help us.
    The greatest environmental challenge of the new century is global 
warming. The scientists tell us the 1990's were the hottest decade of 
the entire millennium. If we fail to reduce the emission of greenhouse 
gases, deadly heat waves and droughts will become more frequent, coastal 
areas will flood, and economies will be disrupted. That is going to 
happen, unless we act.
    Many people in the United States, some people in this Chamber, and 
lots of folks around the world still believe you cannot cut greenhouse 
gas emissions without slowing economic growth. In the industrial age, 
that may well have been true. But in this digital economy, it is not 
true anymore. New technologies make it possible to cut harmful emissions 
and provide even more growth.
    For example, just last week, automakers unveiled cars that get 70 to 
80 miles a gallon, the fruits of a unique research partnership between 
Government and industry. And before you know it, efficient production of 
bio-fuels will give us the equivalent of hundreds of miles from a gallon 
of gasoline.
    To speed innovation in these kind of technologies, I think we should 
give a major tax incentive to business for the production of clean 
energy and to families for buying energy-saving homes and appliances and 
the next generation of superefficient cars when they hit the showroom 
floor. I also ask the auto industry to use the available technologies to 
make all new cars more fuel-efficient right away.
    And I ask this Congress to do something else. Please help us make 
more of our clean energy technology available to the developing world. 
That will create cleaner growth abroad and a lot more new jobs here in 
the United States of America.
    In the new century, innovations in science and technology will be 
key not only to the health of the environment but to miraculous 
improvements in the quality of our lives and advances in the economy. 
Later this year, researchers will complete the first draft of the entire 
human genome, the very blueprint of life. It is important for all our 
fellow Americans to recognize that Federal tax dollars have funded much 
of this research and that this and other wise investments in science are 
leading to a revolution in our ability to detect, treat, and prevent 
disease.
    For example, researchers have identified genes that cause 
Parkinson's, diabetes, and certain kinds of cancer. They are designing 
precision therapies that will block the harmful effect of these genes 
for good. Researchers already are using this new technique to target and 
destroy cells that cause breast cancer. Soon, we may be able to use it 
to prevent the onset of Alzheimer's. Scientists are also working on an 
artificial retina to help many blind people to see and--listen to this--
microchips that would actually directly stimulate damaged spinal cords 
in a way that could allow people now paralyzed to stand up and walk.

[[Page 139]]

    These kinds of innovations are also propelling our remarkable 
prosperity. Information technology only includes 8 percent of our 
employment but now accounts for a third of our economic growth along 
with jobs that pay, by the way, about 80 percent above the private 
sector average. Again, we ought to keep in mind, Government-funded 
research brought supercomputers, the Internet, and communications 
satellites into being. Soon researchers will bring us devices that can 
translate foreign languages as fast as you can talk, materials 10 times 
stronger than steel at a fraction of the weight, and--this is 
unbelievable to me--molecular computers the size of a teardrop with the 
power of today's fastest supercomputers.
    To accelerate the march of discovery across all these disciplines in 
science and technology, I ask you to support my recommendation of an 
unprecedented $3 billion in the 21st century research fund, the largest 
increase in civilian research in a generation. We owe it to our future.
    Now, these new breakthroughs have to be used in ways that reflect 
our values. First and foremost, we have to safeguard our citizens' 
privacy. Last year we proposed to protect every citizen's medical 
record. This year we will finalize those rules. We've also taken the 
first steps to protect the privacy of bank and credit card records and 
other financial statements. Soon I will send legislation to you to 
finish that job. We must also act to prevent any genetic discrimination 
whatever by employers or insurers. I hope you will support that.
    These steps will allow us to lead toward the far frontiers of 
science and technology. They will enhance our health, the environment, 
the economy in ways we can't even imagine today. But we all know that at 
a time when science, technology, and the forces of globalization are 
bringing so many changes into all our lives, it's more important than 
ever that we strengthen the bonds that root us in our local communities 
and in our national community.
    No tie binds different people together like citizen service. There's 
a new spirit of service in America, a movement we've tried to support 
with AmeriCorps, expanded Peace Corps, unprecedented new partnerships 
with businesses, foundations, community groups; partnerships, for 
example, like the one that enlisted 12,000 companies which have now 
moved 650,000 of our fellow citizens from welfare to work; partnerships 
to battle drug abuse, AIDS, teach young people to read, save America's 
treasures, strengthen the arts, fight teen pregnancy, prevent violence 
among young people, promote racial healing. The American people are 
working together.
    But we should do more to help Americans help each other. First, we 
should help faith-based organizations to do more to fight poverty and 
drug abuse and help people get back on the right track, with initiatives 
like Second Chance Homes that do so much to help unwed teen mothers. 
Second, we should support Americans who tithe and contribute to 
charities but don't earn enough to claim a tax deduction for it. Tonight 
I propose new tax incentives that would allow low and middle income 
citizens who don't itemize to get that deduction. It's nothing but fair, 
and it will get more people to give.
    We should do more to help new immigrants to fully participate in our 
community. That's why I recommend spending more to teach them civics and 
English. And since everybody in our community counts, we've got to make 
sure everyone is counted in this year's census.
    Within 10 years--just 10 years--there will be no majority race in 
our largest State of California. In a little more than 50 years, there 
will be no majority race in America. In a more interconnected world, 
this diversity can be our greatest strength. Just look around this 
Chamber. Look around. We have Members in this Congress from virtually 
every racial, ethnic, and religious background. And I think you would 
agree that America is stronger because of it. [Applause]
    You also have to agree that all those differences you just clapped 
for all too often spark hatred and division even here at home. Just in 
the last couple of years, we've seen a man dragged to death in Texas 
just because he was black. We saw a young man murdered in Wyoming just 
because he was gay. Last year we saw the shootings of African-Americans, 
Asian-Americans, and Jewish children just because of who they were. This 
is not the American way, and we must draw the line.
    I ask you to draw that line by passing without delay the ``Hate 
Crimes Prevention Act'' and the ``Employment Non-Discrimination Act.'' 
And I ask you to reauthorize the Violence Against Women Act.

[[Page 140]]

    Finally tonight, I propose the largest ever investment in our civil 
rights laws for enforcement, because no American should be subjected to 
discrimination in finding a home, getting a job, going to school, or 
securing a loan. Protections in law should be protections in fact.
    Last February, because I thought this was so important, I created 
the White House Office of One America to promote racial reconciliation. 
That's what one of my personal heroes, Hank Aaron, has done all his life. From his days as our all-time 
home run king to his recent acts of healing, he has always brought 
people together. We should follow his example, and we're honored to have 
him with us tonight. Stand up, Hank Aaron. [Applause]
    I just want to say one more thing about this, and I want every one 
of you to think about this the next time you get mad at one of your 
colleagues on the other side of the aisle. This fall, at the White 
House, Hillary had one of her millennium dinners, and we had this very 
distinguished scientist there, who is an expert 
in this whole work in the human genome. And he said that we are all, 
regardless of race, genetically 99.9 percent the same.
    Now, you may find that uncomfortable when you look around here. 
[Laughter] But it is worth remembering. We can laugh about this, but you 
think about it. Modern science has confirmed what ancient faiths have 
always taught: the most important fact of life is our common humanity. 
Therefore, we should do more than just tolerate our diversity; we should 
honor it and celebrate it.
    My fellow Americans, every time I prepare for the State of the 
Union, I approach it with hope and expectation and excitement for our 
Nation. But tonight is very special, because we stand on the mountaintop 
of a new millennium. Behind us we can look back and see the great 
expanse of American achievement, and before us we can see even greater, 
grander frontiers of possibility. We should, all of us, be filled with 
gratitude and humility for our present progress and prosperity. We 
should be filled with awe and joy at what lies over the horizon. And we 
should be filled with absolute determination to make the most of it.
    You know, when the Framers finished crafting our Constitution in 
Philadelphia, Benjamin Franklin stood in Independence Hall, and he 
reflected on the carving of the Sun that was on the back of a chair he 
saw. The Sun was low on the horizon. So he said this--he said, ``I've 
often wondered whether that Sun was rising or setting. Today,'' Franklin 
said, ``I have the happiness to know it's a rising Sun.'' Today, because 
each succeeding generation of Americans has kept the fire of freedom 
burning brightly, lighting those frontiers of possibility, we all still 
bask in the glow and the warmth of Mr. Franklin's rising Sun.
    After 224 years, the American revolution continues. We remain a new 
nation. And as long as our dreams outweigh our memories, America will be 
forever young. That is our destiny. And this is our moment.
    Thank you, God bless you, and God bless America.

Note: The President spoke at 9:18 p.m. in the House Chamber of the 
Capitol. In his remarks, he referred to Rev. Jesse Jackson, founder and 
president, Rainbow/PUSH Coalition; President Slobodan Milosevic of the 
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro); President Andres 
Pastrana of Colombia; Pope John Paul II; and Eric Lander, director, 
Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research, who spoke at the 
eighth White House Millennium Evening.