[Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: WILLIAM J. CLINTON (1999, Book II)]
[October 28, 1999]
[Pages 1905-1913]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]



The President's News Conference With President Olusegun 
Obasanjo of Nigeria
October 28, 1999

    President Clinton. Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Please be 
seated. President Obasanjo, Mrs. Obasanjo, 
members of the Nigerian Government, welcome to the White House.
    The President has served his country in many ways, including a 
previous term as President, which was distinguished by his insistence on 
a peaceful transition to a successor chosen by the people. His recent 
election marks an even bigger turning point.
    Since its birth in 1960, Nigeria's progress has been thwarted over 
and over again by military leaders with little concern for the 110 
million people. For years, its most courageous citizens were jailed or 
killed; its vast wealth was lost to waste and corruption; its potential 
to lead its region and the continent toward a better future squandered.
    In an early poem, ``Flowers For My Land,'' Nigeria's Nobel laureate, 
Wole Soyinka, wrote that his beloved country 
had become a garden of decay. But President Obasanjo's election in May 
has signaled a new day for Nigeria and new hope for Africa, a fitting 
capstone to a decade of remarkable democratic revolutions from Poland to 
South Africa, to the important transition now underway in Indonesia.
    It is very much in America's interests that Nigeria succeed, and 
therefore, we should assist them in their success. We intend to increase 
our assistance to Nigeria to expand law enforcement cooperation and to 
work toward an agreement to stimulate trade and investment between us. 
We intend to do what we can to help Nigeria recover assets plundered by 
the previous regime.

[[Page 1906]]

    But we must do more to realize the promise of this moment for 
Nigeria and for Africa. I want to mention just three issues.
    First, we need to recognize that barriers to trade are barriers to 
opportunity for Africans working hard to catch up to the global economy 
and for Americans who want to work with them. That's why it is vital 
that the Senate approve the African growth and opportunity act, which is 
now pending and on which I spent much of the afternoon working.
    A second concrete step we can take, as President Obasanjo has 
reminded us, is to help relieve the crushing debt burden that is making 
it so hard for developing nations to get on their feet. It is neither 
morally right nor economically sound to say that young democracies like 
Nigeria, as they overcome the painful legacy of dictatorship or misrule, 
must choose between making interest payments on their debt and investing 
in the health and education of their children. As Nigeria undertakes its 
reforms, I will support generous debt rescheduling through the Paris 
Club and encourage other countries to take further steps.
    Finally, we must keep doing our part to bring an end to Africa's 
remaining conflicts. Many of you have heard about the unspeakable 
atrocities visited upon the people of Sierra Leone. Nigeria spent 
billions of dollars leading the international force that ended civil 
wars there and in Liberia. And for that, the whole world is in its debt.
    Now in Sierra Leone as well as in Congo and hopefully soon in 
Eritrea and Ethiopia, we have a precious opportunity to work with 
Africans to make peace last. African countries are assuming the largest 
burden and the greatest risks. All they ask is that we support their 
efforts, through the United Nations and their own regional 
organizations. The United States must not let them down.
    That is another reason why it is so vital that we honor our 
obligations and pay our debts to the United Nations. If we fail to give 
others the tools to share the burdens of leadership in these situations, 
peace agreements we helped to forge may falter, and America would be 
left with an unacceptable choice in future conflicts, a choice between 
doing nothing or acting all alone.
    I don't want to leave our children that bleak choice, and I intend 
to keep working with the Congress to get the resources to recognize our 
mutual responsibilities with others so that we can prevent it.
    President Obasanjo once said, ``I am uncrushed by the past and 
hopeful of the future. There can be no freedom in fear.'' Those succinct 
words define the essence of democracy and its faith in the capacity of 
free people to overcome life's obstacles, a universal faith valid no 
matter where expressed.
    Nigeria is a pivot point on which the future of all Africa and much 
of the world will turn. I am very glad that that country is in the hands 
of this leader today.
    Mr. President, the floor is yours.
    President Obasanjo. Mr. President, it is just for me to take this 
opportunity on behalf of my government and the people of Nigeria to 
express a deep appreciation for your concern and for your support for 
the new dispensation in my country for democracy. We thank you for your 
commitment and the commitment of your country to ensure that democracy 
will continue to be nurtured and to be sustained in our country and in 
our part of the world.
    We believe that democracy is a process and not an event. And 
therefore, we must continue to work to expand, to widen, and to deepen 
the process of democracy, which we are committed to do. We also thank 
you for the understanding you have shown for the commitment and the 
sacrifice which our country and our people have made and which we 
continue to make for peace and stability in our subregion and our region 
of Africa. We do this knowing and believing that peace is indivisible, 
and if there is no peace in any part of our subregion, it has 
implication for us.
    We also thank you for the commitment you have made that, while we 
make our commitment, you will continue to support our commitment, 
because our own commitment, which will make peace and stability an 
enduring feature of that part of the world, is a significant 
contribution to the world of peace, to the world of harmony, to the 
world of order and stability, which is so dear to all of us and which, 
of course, is of strategic importance and interest of the United States 
of America.
    We thank you for the fact that you agree with us that in this day 
and age there should be no part of the world where any section of a 
society or a community should feel threatened for misgovernance, and we 
pledge, as we have done before, that whatever needs to be done

[[Page 1907]]

to ensure humanitarian intervention to save life--dear life--we will 
join hands with you to ensure it.
    Thank you for the reception and the hospitality we have enjoyed 
here. And we look forward for the opportunity to reciprocate on our 
land. Thank you.
    President Clinton. Thank you.
    We will now alternate questions between the American and the 
Nigerian press members here, and I will call on the American reporters 
and then the President will call on the Nigerians who have questions. 
And we'll start with Terry [Terence Hunt, Associated Press]. Go ahead.

Vice President Gore's 2000 Campaign

    Q. Thank you, Mr. President. A domestic question. Mr. President, 
Vice President Gore last night felt compelled to say in New Hampshire, 
even though no one had asked anything about you, to say, ``I understand 
the disappointment and anger that you feel toward President Clinton, and 
I felt it myself.'' Did the Vice President express that anger and 
disappointment to you at any time, and do you think that you have been a 
drag on the Vice President's campaign and a reminder of the Lewinsky 
impeachment issue?
    President Clinton. No. You know, I think a lot of people who may not 
like me may hold it against him, but I don't think you hold him 
responsible. I don't think mature people hold one person responsible for 
another person's conduct. Do you?
    I think if there had been some example of official misconduct in 
office which he had been a part of, that would be a different thing. But 
the American people are inherently fair. And insofar as they do blame 
him, I hope they give him some of the credit for the longest peacetime 
expansion in history and the lowest unemployment rate in 29 years and 
the lowest welfare rolls in 30 years and the lowest poverty rates in 20 
years and the lowest crime rates in 30 years and the first back-to-back 
budget surpluses in 42 years and a lot of credit for the smallest 
Federal Government in 37 years. So I would expect he should get some 
credit for that, and most Americans kind of like that.
    If you ask Americans what kind of changes they want--I've told you 
before, if somebody polled me in one of these things and said, ``Do you 
want more of the same, or do you want change,'' I would vote for change. 
You ask them what kind of changes they want. I bet you they will tell 
you they want to make better schools; they want more accessible health 
care; they want us to save Social Security and Medicare; they want 
America to continue to be safer; they want sensible gun restraint 
measures. And I think that's what the election will be about.
    You know, people are not dumb. They vote for what is in their 
interest. And sometimes some of your fraternity get them--try to get 
them confused about what they should be voting on or what they should 
vote against, but in the end, they almost always get it right, and they 
vote for what's best for themselves and their children. Otherwise we 
wouldn't still be here after over 200 years. So that's what I think.
    In terms of what he said, he hasn't said anything I hadn't said. He 
also said some other things that were, I noticed, omitted in the way you 
characterized the questions. But I was quite pleased with those other 
things he said. So I think the American people will make a decision 
based on what's in their interest.
    I don't think--by the way, I don't think they ought to vote for him 
on the fact that we had a great record, either, except that the great 
record in evidence of what he can do and where he will lead. We get 
hired to work here. It's a privilege to serve. But if you do have a good 
record, it is certainly evidence of what you can do and what you will 
lead. And he has a great record and has been the most accomplished Vice 
President in history by a good, long ways.
    You know, even my adversaries admit that I gave him a kind of 
partnership and a level of responsibility never before remotely equaled 
in the history of this country. And I think that is worth something in 
an election, because it shows what you can do.
    But the public will make up their own mind based on what's best for 
them and their children and not be deterred by other people who would 
like the election to be about something other than what's best for them 
and their children.
    President Obasanjo. Yes, the Nigerian side.
    President Clinton. Otherwise, I don't have an opinion about that. 
[Laughter]
    President Obasanjo. The Nigerian side, your question could be to me 
or to the President.
    Q. I have two questions.
    President Obasanjo. You are being greedy. [Laughter]
    Q. Thank you.

[[Page 1908]]

    The two questions: First of all, I want to thank President Clinton 
for going to Africa and for bringing African issues to the front burner 
of American policy initiatives. I want to tell you that the 2.5 million 
Africans in this country, they respect you, and they admire you. Thank 
you.
    President Clinton. Thank you.

Return of Looted Assets/Slavery in Africa

    Q. Then I have to ask my question. [Laughter] The first question is, 
Nigeria has spent a lot of money, President Clinton, in peacekeeping in 
Sierra Leone and in Liberia. As of yesterday, I believe that is about $8 
billion. And at the same time, Nigeria lost a lot of money through of 
lot of--I mean, our leaders looting the treasury and bringing the money 
not only to the U.S. but to Switzerland. What is the U.S. going to do 
about it, to recover that money, the money in this country and the money 
that is in Switzerland? That is the first question.
    And then the next question is for the President of Nigeria, 
President Obasanjo. As we enter the 21st century, the next millennium, 
Africans in the Sudan--black Africans are being held slaves. The OAU has 
not done anything about it. And we would like to know, as the President 
of the largest African country in Africa, what the Government of Nigeria 
is going to do to ensure that there is no African who is a slave as we 
enter the 21st century.
    Thank you.
    President Clinton. Well, first I'll answer the question you asked 
me. I think it's important that we do whatever we can to help Nigeria 
recover money that was looted from the country and that belongs to the 
people of Nigeria. The Attorney General came to 
our meeting today, Attorney General Reno, and we are working with the 
Government of Nigeria, and I will do whatever we can legally do to help 
recover funds that are in this country and whatever we can do to assist 
in recovering funds that may be in Switzerland or elsewhere.
    You know, we have--we may have to get some help, some voluntary help 
from the Swiss. You know, the laws are different in different countries, 
but we think there are quite a number of things we can do here, and 
we're committed to working with the Nigerian Government to do that.
    President Obasanjo. Thank you very much. The only thing I can add to 
that is that the Swiss authorities have already frozen some accounts in 
Switzerland, and other steps that have to be taken will be taken as a 
result of what they have done so far.
    The issue of Sudan--I don't think you would be absolutely right to 
say that the OAU has done nothing about it. Maybe what the OAU has done 
about it has not achieved the desired result. But let me say this: Over 
the last 20 years that I was--well, less 3 years and a few months--that 
I was away in special custody--[laughter]--I have been seized with the 
Sudan problem.
    Personally, I know it very well. I've dealt with all the leaders in 
the Sudan since I left public office in 1979 until now. And I also know 
that there are other African leaders who are concerned about the 
problem, particularly the IGAD leaders; that is the organization in the 
Horn of Africa. And even right now, they are prescribing solutions; they 
are suggesting and making recommendations to the two sides.
    And our own position, Nigeria's position is that we should not have 
too many cooks; that will spoil the soup. We shall do everything 
together. And since IGAD is doing a good job, we should work through 
them; we should support them. And that is what we are doing. And we 
believe that that way there will be no diversion; there will be no 
distraction; and eventually we will get the right solution to the 
problem of Sudan.
    But I agree with you. Anywhere in Africa or, indeed, anywhere in the 
world, there should be no situation of slavery or slave trade at this 
time, at this stage, at this point in the last year of the dying years 
of the 20th century, on the eve of the 21st century.
    President Clinton. Lori [Lori Santos, United Press International].

Middle East Peace Process

    Q. In Oslo, sir, what are you expecting from your meetings with 
Chairman Arafat and Prime Minister Barak? And what are the next steps, 
and are you looking for any concrete results?
    President Clinton. Well, first of all, I think it's a good thing 
that we're going to have this trilateral meeting, and it's just another 
step along the way. They've been making good progress, and they're 
working hard.
    I wouldn't want to raise expectations excessively about what the 
results of this meeting will be, but they have put themselves on an

[[Page 1909]]

aggressive timetable, and they have a lot of tough issues to work 
through. And since the United States has, at least in my time, primarily 
played a role as a facilitator, with greater or lesser degrees of 
intensity and initiative--including the Wye talks, where no one slept 
for 9 days--I think that it's best for me not to speculate about what 
the substantive results will be.
    Let me say this: I believe that both these 
leaders want to make peace. I believe they're 
committed to it. And I believe they know they're down to the difficult 
issues now. But I also believe they're imagining what a final agreement 
would look like, what they could live with, and what would be good for 
the other side, and mostly, what would preserve the integrity of their 
principles and the long-term peace of the region.
    So I'm looking forward to the meeting. I'm looking forward to 
honoring the memory of Yitzhak Rabin. I think he would be very proud of 
what Prime Minister Barak and Mr. Arafat are doing now.
    President Obasanjo. The Nigerian side?

President Clinton's Commitments to Nigeria

    Q. Mr. President, in your statement here you were full of thanks to 
President Clinton for the support he has expressed to you, probably, 
during discussions today. Would you give us some of the specific 
commitment that he made to you during your discussions?
    President Obasanjo. Well, the same specific commitment he made to me 
during our discussion, he has made here. He will support efforts to have 
resources taken away illegally from Nigeria, to recover them. He will 
support our efforts to lift the burden of debt, so that we can have a 
breather to be able to consolidate our democracy. He will support our 
efforts to be able to be strong enough internally, as a country, and 
within our subregion and our region, so that we can contribute to peace 
and stability in our region and in our subregion. He will support 
efforts to deal with crime, to fight against crime and narcotic traffic 
in our country.
    Those are some of them, and I think for those commitments he 
deserves to be thanked. I don't know what you think.
    President Clinton. Can I just say, also--I don't believe you said 
this exactly, Mr. President. I did make it clear that we have requested 
from the Congress funds sufficient to increase our bilateral aid to 
Nigeria, somewhere between 3 and 4 times what it was before. And that's 
part of--and I vetoed the first bill that the Congress passed, and we're 
fighting now to try to get more funds in the aggregate for our foreign 
assistance programs. And this is one of the reasons that I want the 
money. And I believe that--I may be wrong, but I believe that both 
Republicans and Democrats in the United States Congress understand that 
Nigeria's future is very important to our own.
    Arshad [Arshad Mohammed, Reuters].

Situation in Chechnya

    Q. Mr. President, Russia appears to have intensified its offensive 
against Chechnya this week with heavy bombardment and with ground troops 
approaching the capital, Grozny, from three directions. Do you think 
that this offensive may ultimately backfire on Russia and lead to 
greater bitterness among the Chechens toward Moscow and, ultimately, sow 
deeper seeds of conflict both in the region and also possibly that may 
bring itself back to Russian soil?
    President Clinton. I think it depends upon whether, ultimately, 
there is a political solution or not or whether the Russian Government 
attempts to find a military solution. I have never believed that, 
ultimately, there could be a solution to any of these problems that was 
not a political one, that recognized the extraordinary, complex tapestry 
of ethnic and religious groups across the belly of Russia and just to 
the south.
    As you know, it's an explosive part of the world. Not just in 
Chechnya, but we've had difficulties in Dagestan; the Georgians have had 
their challenges; we had the terrible, terrible shooting in Armenia 
yesterday and the loss of the Prime Minister and seven others.
    So, you know, it has been our experience--that's all I can tell 
you--it's been our experience that in every place where there are 
genuine ethnic and religious difficulties and particularly when they're 
combined, that sooner or later people have to stop fighting and start 
talking and that any military strategy ought to be designed to do 
nothing more than to create the conditions within which a negotiated 
settlement can be reached, because in the end I think that's what will 
have to happen.
    And what the United States hopes, since we also have a big stake in 
the success of democracy and freedom and prosperity in Russia, is that 
we will see a minimization of the casualties

[[Page 1910]]

and that we will hasten the day when there will be a negotiated solution 
that all the parties can live with.

Inducement To Invest in Nigeria

    Q. Mr. President, you have the largest democracy in Africa. What are 
the initiatives you have to make it sustainable over some time? Also as 
far as debt consolidation is concerned, what are some of the measures 
your Government is doing to attract businesses and investors to invest 
in Nigeria?
    President Obasanjo. Well, to invite investment into Nigeria, we have 
to create conducive environment for business to thrive. We have to 
create conducive environment for investors to want to invest in Nigeria 
because investors have choices. Therefore, we should make them choose to 
come to Nigeria.
    And what are we doing? First of all, we are eliminating corruption 
as a way of life in Nigeria. Few--not many if at all any honest 
businessmen will want to rush into a corrupt atmosphere to do business. 
So we have to remove corruption, and we are doing that. We have to 
provide a level playing ground for all participants, so that there is 
equity, there is fairness, there is justice, and you can go in and 
compete. That we have done. The rules and regulations must be clear, so 
that you know what it is. There must be transparency. There must be 
openness. That, too, we have done, particularly in competition, so that 
when you do lose out, you are at least satisfied that the one who gets 
it is a better hand or has presented a better case or a better offer.
    Again, we have to provide an environment that is reasonably--
reasonably--devoid of crime. We are fighting against crime--crime--in 
such a way that lives and properties can be safe and secure, in such a 
way that investment can be secure. These and all the things we are 
doing--the rule of law, so that when you have to seek arbitration by the 
court, you can be sure that you get a fair deal from the court--we are 
doing all that we need to do to make the investors feel that all of the 
things put together, Nigeria is a better place to invest than any other 
place of comparative economic situation.
    President Clinton. If I could just say, if I were in the audience, I 
would be applauding what the President said because, you know, I've 
spent a great deal of my time for 7 years trying to create economic 
opportunities for the American people and even trying to create special 
incentives for people to go to some of the poorest areas in our country, 
in our empowerment zone program that the Vice President has run for 6 years now. And everything he said is right. 
Nigeria is a great country. You have a large population, vast resources, 
good location, all that oil. You have to be well-governed and 
competitive.
    What he said was absolutely right. I can just tell you as an 
outsider, Nigeria will be a very appealing place to people all over the 
world if they are convinced it is well-governed and serious about 
development. And in the end, the President--he's also a good salesman. 
He's out here working some of those opportunities while he's here in 
America, and I've been impressed.
    John [John Palmer, NBC News], go ahead.

Enforcement of Gun Laws

    Q. Mr. President, I have a domestic question. I don't know how much 
of an opportunity you have these days to listen to the radio. But the 
National Rifle Association is conducting quite a campaign, saying that 
we really don't need any new gun laws, if your administration would just 
enforce those that are on the books. How has your administration done in 
enforcing these laws, and how do you answer that rather serious charge?
    President Clinton. Let me just say what they do. What they do is, 
they say, our prosecution for gun law violations, our volume is down. 
What they don't do is to look at the total prosecutions for gun law 
violations, the volume of which is up. The number of total gun law 
violations is up.
    Now, what we have done, ever since Attorney General Reno came to the Justice Department, as a local prosecutor 
in a big urban prosecutorial district in Miami, we have worked to 
properly allocate the resources of the Justice Department and local 
prosecutors. And we have worked with all of our U.S. attorneys to do the 
same thing. So it's just not accurate to say, if you look at total 
prosecutions of existing laws, that they're down. That's the first thing 
I want to say.
    Second thing I want to say is, the average sentence in America, I 
believe, is longer than it is in any other country in the world, except 
one, maybe. And the percentage of people we have behind bars is higher, 
I believe, than any

[[Page 1911]]

other country in the world. There are two possible exceptions. We might 
be as low as third, but I think we're first.
    Now, the last thing I want to say about that is, they made this 
argument before. This is the argument they made against the Brady bill. 
Remember, they said two things: All you've got to do is really prosecute 
the existing laws; and the Brady bill won't do any good because 
criminals don't buy their guns at gun stores. Those were the two 
arguments they made.
    Well, 5 years later we've got 400,000 people who haven't been able 
to buy guns because of the Brady bill, and we've got the lowest crime 
rate in 30 years. And you know, we've been all for enforcement. I'm 
trying to get more prosecutors right now. We've put 100,000 police on 
the street, I would remind you. I'm not against enforcement. But that is 
not an excuse for America to keep being the only major country in the 
world that still has gaping loopholes in its protections to keep guns 
out of the hands of criminals and children.
    And let me just say one thing. I know I've said this till a lot of 
you are sick of me saying this, but I'm going to say it until I leave 
here and after I'm gone. If their arguments were right, we would not 
have the kind of accidental death rate by guns that we do. The 
accidental death rate by gunshots of children in the United States is 9 
times higher than the rate of the next 25 largest industrial economies 
put together.
    We have not done enough to keep guns out of the hands of criminals 
and children. We can do more without interfering with the right to hunt 
and the right to sport shoot. And they're just wrong. It sounds clever. 
You know, it's interesting, the NRA, they're normally with the 
conservatives; they like it when you have States' rights, you know. So 
here we worked out a deal, and the local prosecutors do more cases which 
ought to be in the local courts, and we take the hard cases and put them 
in the Federal courts that take more time, more cost, or multi-State 
cases, and they conveniently take the Federal number and overlook the 
rest.
    And I might say, I think in times past, maybe administrations that 
did not want to enforce--did not want to pass the Brady bill, did not 
want to have the assault weapons ban, did not want to close the 
loopholes in the background checks, might have gone out and filed a lot 
of cases to say, ``Well, this is what we're doing.'' The evidence is in. 
We have the lowest crime rate in 30 years, and the assault weapons ban 
and the Brady bill played a big role in it.
    So the NRA is fighting a rearguard action that's just wrong. They 
were wrong on the Brady bill, and they're wrong today. You don't have to 
take my word for it. Look at the evidence and ask yourself why, if you 
can enforce your way out of this, every other country in the world with 
an advanced economy still has a lower murder rate and a drastically 
lower rate of accidental killings by guns? You know, they never talk 
about that, because they can't.

Debt Relief for Nigeria

    Q. My question is for either of the two Presidents. Specifically, 
with all emphasis on that word, the debt relief that has been proposed 
for Nigeria, is it consolation, partial or total, or rescheduling?
    President Obasanjo. Well, let me put it this way: The best thing 
that I would want to have is not to have debt at all. But when you look 
at it, since 1985 or thereabout, when the total debt we had was about $6 
billion, we really haven't added much debt to it. And our debt stands at 
about $28-$30 billion today. And all that is essentially interest 
rescheduling and all that.
    So when you talk about rescheduling, I'm apprehensive. When you talk 
of remission, even staying of interest for some time will be one way. 
But we cannot--we cannot--talk of being able to do what we need to do to 
nurture, to sustain democracy, and to give our people democracy 
dividend, bearing the burden of debt that is hanging over us at this 
point in time.
    President Clinton. Let me answer the question, and I will try to 
be--I'll be very candid with you. First of all, you must understand this 
is not a question for the United States only to resolve. I have a much 
more aggressive attitude, generally, on debt relief than many of my 
counterparts do in other parts of the world, although not all of them. 
There are others who agree with me. And I have a more aggressive 
attitude than some people in our Congress do, although I hope I can 
persuade them before we go home this year.
    Under the present framework, Nigeria is not eligible for total 
cancellation of debt because of its assets, its petroleum assets. As the 
President pointed out to me today, if you had a different measure, if 
you measured the real per

[[Page 1912]]

capita income of individual Nigerians or some of the other social 
indicators like infant mortality, it would present, I think, a more 
accurate picture of what life in Nigeria is like today.
    Here is my view. Right now, we ought to get whatever relief we can, 
because you need to--even the rescheduling relief is worth something. It 
takes a burden off your back now and gives you a chance to get some 
breathing room and doesn't raise the questions of creditworthiness, so 
that we can get more investment into Nigeria and more loans into Nigeria 
as well, if they're necessary.
    Then I think, frankly, that the more the President succeeds in the 
program that he's outlined, the more we will be able to work with the 
rest of the world to deal with the long-term interests of Nigeria and 
the long-term health of Nigeria. But the reason I said rescheduling 
today is I have concluded that that's really worth something to you, and 
that's all we can do right now, because of the standard by which the 
highly indebted poor countries are measured.
    But if you look at what's happened to Nigeria's oil resources and 
what's happened in the previous years and what people are really living 
on, you could make a compelling case for more relief. And I think what 
we should do is take what we can get now and pocket it and try to get 
some more investment into your country and keep working to support the 
reforms that the President has outlined and just keep working to get 
more relief as we go along. That's what I think is the only realistic 
hope. And I am certainly open to that. And I think the more other world 
leaders get to see this President, get to see what's going on, the more 
likely we'll be to succeed.
    We'll take one more each. Yes, go ahead. I didn't know who I pointed 
at--[laughter]--all three of you should stand up and shout. Give me a 
selection. I'll decide which one I want to answer. [Laughter]
    Q. We could do it in unison.
    President Clinton. All right, go ahead.

Federal Budget

    Q. Mr. President, it's late in the congressional budget process, and 
I'm wondering, is there any prospect at this point of a Government 
shutdown, and are there any of your priorities on which you will insist 
on be non-negotiable in the talks that are occurring right now?
    President Clinton. I do not believe there will be a Government 
shutdown. I would be very surprised if there is one. But neither do I 
think we should just have continuing resolutions for the next year and a 
half. Somehow we have to come to terms with this.
    Just today--I don't know if you saw it--the Congressional Budget 
Office said that the budget passed by the Republican majority is, even 
with the one percent across-the-board budget cut which you've already 
heard the Secretary of Defense and others say would have a very bad 
impacts, is still $17 billion short and would require more than 4 
percent more to be cut across the board, just as I told them all along.
    So we're going to have to work together to get a budget that works. 
And all this sort of smoke and mirrors that they have been doing and 
claiming that we and the Democrats were trying to spend the Social 
Security surplus, when they were spending it all along, is not helpful.
    Most Americans, as a matter of fact--and this is a service all of 
you could do for the country, actually. I just spoke to a bunch of 
educators today, and they all came up afterward and thanked me for 
explaining what was really going on, because most Americans can't figure 
out why, if we keep announcing bigger and bigger surpluses, why we're 
having a budget fight, and why we're having across-the-board cuts.
    And of course, it's because both parties made a commitment at the 
beginning of this session that from this day forward we wouldn't spend 
the Social Security surplus, which could have been done without tough 
choices had it not been for the magnitude of the natural disasters and 
the farm crisis and the size of the defense increases that the Congress 
wanted, even over and above the substantial defense increases that I 
recommended.
    So that's why we've got this problem. We can solve this problem. I 
am committed to doing it. But I think it would be a great mistake for us 
to walk away from here and abandon the commitment we made just last year 
to 100,000 teachers. We ought to get the 50,000 police started, just 
like we started the 100,000 police before, because it gave us the lowest 
crime rate in 30 years, and now we can look forward to being the safest 
big country in the world. And we need to adequately fund our 
environmental budget and get those riders out of there, those 
antienvironmental riders out of there.

[[Page 1913]]

    I never though I'd get 100 percent of what I wanted. I think they're 
making a big mistake not beginning the prescription drug benefit on 
Medicare and not adding any days to the life of the Medicare or the 
Social Security Trust Fund. But because I vetoed the tax cut, we can 
come back to all that early next year. But we shouldn't walk away from 
here having dismantled our commitment to 100,000 teachers, not dealing 
with the 50,000 police, not dealing with the environmental issues. And 
I'm prepared to work with them.
    I don't want a partisan fight on this. This is crazy for us to be 
having a big partisan blowout because they both made a commitment not to 
spend the Social Security surplus, and then it turned out to be harder 
than necessary, and all of it is being mixed into a sort of a 
combustible political mix. We need to sit down like grownups, go out and 
tell the American people the truth, and work through this. We can find 
the offsets. We don't have to spend the Social Security surplus. We can 
do this. And I hope they will work with me to do it.

Demographics in Nigeria

    Q. According to a recent United Nations world population prospect 
report, 45 percent of Nigeria's 1.29 million population is under age 15, 
and an additional 18 is in the 15 to 24 years category. What this means 
is that we have about 63 percent of Nigeria's population which is under 
the age of 24. President Obasanjo, what does this mean to today's 
Nigeria and the country's future?
    President Obasanjo. Well, to today's Nigeria it means that--simple--
37 percent--if you take all the remainder as working, which is not the 
case--that 37 percent of Nigerians are working to keep 100 percent of 
Nigerians alive, because you know it, from age one to about age 24, you 
are preparing yourself for life. It's either you are in school, or you 
are learning a trade, or you are in the university or something of that 
nature. Now, that puts strain on Nigerians that are working if they are 
working. But are they really working? That's another question.
    Then, for future, if we are able to train them, ah, the future is 
bright. There you will have that large population, if everything else is 
all right, that will be vibrant, educated, talented, and going places 
for Nigeria, well-governed, the economy buoyant. You can't ask for 
anything better. So if we train, we look after them and we prepare them 
adequately, good for future. But for now, it's a strain, and we have to 
bear out this strain.
    President Clinton. Thank you.

Note: The President's 183d news conference began at 4:25 p.m. in 
Presidential Hall (formerly Room 450) in the Old Executive Office 
Building. In his remarks, the President referred to Stella Obasanjo, 
wife of President Obasanjo; 1986 Nobel Prize for Literature recipient 
Wole Soyinka; Chairman Yasser Arafat of the Palestinian Authority; Prime 
Minister Ehud Barak of Israel; and murdered Prime Minister Vazgen 
Sarksyan of Armenia. President Obasanjo referred to OAU, the 
Organisation of African Unity, and IGAD, the Intergovernmental Authority 
on Development.