[Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: William J. Clinton (1999, Book I)]
[March 19, 1999]
[Pages 409-421]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]



The President's News Conference
March 19, 1999

    The President. Ladies and gentlemen, as all of you know, we have 
been involved in an intensive effort to end the conflict in Kosovo for 
many weeks now. With our NATO Allies and with Russia, we proposed a 
peace agreement to stop the killing and give the people of Kosovo the 
self-determination and government they need and to which they are 
entitled under the constitution of their government.
    Yesterday the Kosovar Albanians signed that agreement. Even though 
they have not obtained all they seek, even as their people remain under 
attack, they've had the vision to see that a just peace is better than 
an unwinnable war. Now only President Milosevic stands in the way of peace.
    Today the peace talks were adjourned because the Serbian negotiators 
refused even to discuss key elements of the peace plan. NATO has warned 
President Milosevic to end his 
intransigence and repression or face military action.
    Our allies are strongly united behind this course. We are prepared, 
and so are they, to carry it out. Today I reviewed our planning with my 
senior advisers and met with many Members of Congress. As we prepare to 
act, we need to remember the lessons we have learned in the Balkans. We 
should remember the horror of the war in Bosnia, the sounds of sniper 
fire aimed at children, the faces of young men behind barbed wire, the 
despairing voices of those who thought nothing could be done. It took 
precious time to achieve allied unity there, but when we did, our 
firmness ended all that. Bosnia is now at peace.
    We should remember the thousands of people facing cold and hunger in 
the hills of Kosovo last fall. Firmness ended that as well. We should 
remember what happened in the village of Racak back in January--innocent 
men, women, and children taken from their homes to a gully, forced to 
kneel in the dirt, sprayed with gunfire, not because of anything they 
had done but because of who they were.
    Now, roughly 40,000 Serbian troops and police are massing in and 
around Kosovo. Our firmness is the only thing standing between them and 
countless more villages like Racak, full of people without protection, 
even though they have now chosen peace.
    Make no mistake, if we and our allies do not have the will to act, 
there will be more

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massacres. In dealing with aggressors in the Balkans, hesitation is a 
license to kill. But action and resolve can stop armies and save lives.
    We must also understand our stake in peace in the Balkans and in 
Kosovo. This is a humanitarian crisis, but it is much more. This is a 
conflict with no natural boundaries. It threatens our national 
interests. If it continues, it will push refugees across borders and 
draw in neighboring countries. It will undermine the credibility of 
NATO, on which stability in Europe and our own credibility depend. It 
will likely reignite the historical animosities, including those that 
can embrace Albania, Macedonia, Greece, even Turkey. These divisions 
still have the potential to make the next century a truly violent one 
for that part of the world that straddles Europe, Asia, and the Middle 
East.
    Unquestionably, there are risks in military action, if that becomes 
necessary. U.S. and other NATO pilots will be in harm's way. The Serbs 
have a strong air defense system. But we must weigh those risks against 
the risks of inaction. If we don't act, the war will spread. If it 
spreads, we will not be able to contain it without far greater risk and 
cost. I believe the real challenge of our foreign policy today is to 
deal with problems before they do permanent harm to our vital interests. 
That is what we must do in Kosovo.
    Let me just make one other statement about this. One of the things 
that I wanted to do when I became President is to take advantage of this 
moment in history to build an alliance with Europe for the 21st century, 
with a Europe undivided, strong, secure, prosperous, and at peace. 
That's why I have supported the unification of Europe financially, 
politically, economically. That is why I've supported the expansion of 
NATO and a redefinition of its missions.
    What are the challenges to our realizing that dream? The challenge 
of a successful partnership with Russia that succeeds in its own 
mission; the challenge of a resolution of the difficulties between 
Greece and Turkey so that Turkey becomes an ally of Europe and the West 
for the long term; and the challenge of instability in the Balkans. In 
different ways, all those things are at stake here.
    I honestly believe that by acting now we can help to give our 
children and our grandchildren a Europe that is more united, more 
democratic, more peaceful, more prosperous, and a better partner for the 
United States for a long time to come.
    I will say again to Mr. Milosevic, as 
I did in Bosnia: I do not want to put a single American pilot into the 
air. I do not want anyone else to die in the Balkans. I do not want a 
conflict. I would give anything to be here talking about something else 
today. But a part of my responsibility is to try to leave to my 
successors and to our country in the 21st century an environment in 
Europe that is stable, humane, and secure. It will be a big part of 
America's future.
    Thank you very much.
    Mr. Hunt [Terence Hunt, Associated Press].

Kosovo

    Q. Mr. President, as you mentioned, Yugoslav forces seem to be 
mobilizing for war in Kosovo despite the warnings of NATO airstrikes. 
After so many threats in the past, why should President Milosevic take 
this one seriously? And is there a deadline for him to comply? And is it 
your intention to keep pounding Serb targets until he agrees to your 
peace terms?
    The President. Well, there are several questions there, but let me 
say, I think he should take this 
seriously, because we meant--we were serious in Bosnia. And it was the 
combined impact of NATO's action in Bosnia, plus the reversals they 
sustained on the ground in fighting, plus the economic embargo, that led 
them to conclude that peace was the better course.
    Now, he says here that this is not 
like what happened last fall, that this threatens Serbia's sovereignty 
to have a multinational force on the ground in Kosovo. But he has put 
that at risk by his decade--and I want to reemphasize that--his decade 
of denial of the autonomy to which the Kosovars are legally entitled as 
a part of Serbia.
    My intention would be to do whatever is possible, first of all, to 
weaken his ability to massacre them, to 
have another Bosnia; and secondly, to do all that I can to induce him to 
take--it is not my peace agreement. It was an agreement worked out and 
negotiated and argued over, with all the parties' concerns being taken 
into account.
    I will say again--for the longest time, we did not believe that 
either side would take this agreement. And the fact that the Kosovar 
Albanians did it, I think, reflects foresight and wisdom on their part. 
They did not get everything they wanted. And in a peace agreement, 
nobody

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ever gets everything they want. We've seen it in the Middle East, in 
Northern Ireland, everywhere else.
    So it is not my agreement. It is the best agreement that all the 
parties can get to give us a chance to go forward without bloodshed. I 
believe also, as I have said publicly to Mr. Milosevic and to the Serbs, it is their best chance to keep 
Kosovo as a part of Serbia and as a part of Yugoslavia. And so I would 
hope that the agreement could be accepted, and I'll do what I can to see 
that it is.
    Q.  And the deadline, sir--is there one?
    The President.  I don't want to discuss that. We're working on that. 
I expect to be working on this all weekend.
    Helen [Helen Thomas, United Press International].

Chinese Nuclear Espionage

    Q.  Mr. President, how long have you known that the Chinese were 
stealing our nuclear secrets? Is there any trust left between the two 
nations? And some Republicans are saying that you deliberately 
suppressed the information from the American people because of the 
election and your trade goals.
    The President. Well, let me try to respond to all those things. 
First of all, the latter charge is simply untrue. We were notified--Mr. 
Berger was notified sometime in 1996 of the 
possibility that security had been breached at the labs, the Energy 
Department labs where a lot of our nuclear work is done, in the 
mideighties--not in the 1990's, but in the mideighties--and that there 
was an investigation being undertaken by the FBI.
    Then, sometime in the middle of 1997, he was notified and I was notified that the extent of the 
security breach might have been quite extensive. So we had the CIA 
looking into that, the Energy Department looking into that, and the FBI 
investigation continued with the cooperation, the full cooperation of 
the Energy Department.
    In early 1998 I propounded a Presidential directive designed to 
improve security at the labs. And as you know, Secretary 
Richardson's been talking quite a bit in 
recent days about what has been done since that directive was signed and 
what continues to be done today.
    Now, I think there are two questions here that are related but ought 
to be kept separate. One is, was there a breach of security in the 
mideighties; if so, did it result in espionage? That has not been fully 
resolved, at least as of my latest briefing.
    The second is--there are really three questions, excuse me. The 
second is, once the executive branch was notified and the investigations 
began, was everything done in a timely fashion? I am confident that we 
in the White House have done what we could to be aggressive about this.
    Look, if there was espionage against the United States, I will be 
very upset about it, as I have been every time there has been. And 
anybody who committed it ought to be punished, just as we went after Mr. 
Ames, anybody else who committed espionage against the United States.
    In an effort to ensure that there was an independent review of this, 
in addition to whatever work is being done by the Senate and House 
committees--who have, as you know, received more than a dozen briefings 
over the course of this investigation, going back to 1996--I asked 
Senator Rudman, former Republican Senator 
from New Hampshire, and the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory 
Board to review the chronology, to make an assessment, and to make any 
recommendations about what further action also might need to be taken. 
So I believe that's the appropriate thing to do.
    Now, the third question is, what, if anything, does this mean about 
our relationship with China? I don't believe that we can afford to be 
under any illusions about our relationship with China, or any other 
country, for that matter, with whom we have both common interests and 
deep disagreements. I believe the course I have followed with China is 
the one that's best for America: disagreeing where we have serious 
disagreements, pursuing our common interests where I thought it was in 
the interest of the United States.
    And again, let me say just one or two examples. I think if we hadn't 
been working with China, China would not have signed the Comprehensive 
Test Ban Treaty, the Chemical Weapons Convention. They would very likely 
not have refrained from transferring dangerous technology and weaponry 
to countries that we don't believe should get it. I doubt if they would 
have helped us as much as they have to try to contain the North Korean 
nuclear threat, or that we would have had the level of cooperation we 
had in trying to limit the Asian financial

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crisis, which is a serious economic and security problem for our 
country.
    And I think we should just take the facts as they come and do what 
is best for the American people. But I can say categorically that it 
never crossed my mind that I should not disclose some inquiry being 
undertaken by the United States Government for reasons of commercial or 
other gain. That is not true.
    I just think we should always pursue what is in the interest of the 
United States. And if we think we've got a security problem, we ought to 
fix it. Plainly, the security was too lax for years and years and years 
at the labs. And a lot of important changes have been made, and 
yesterday the Secretary of Energy announced some others.
    I think that if anybody did, in fact, commit espionage, it is a bad 
thing, and we should take appropriate action. But in our dealings with 
China, we should do quite simply what is in the interest of the American 
people, and that's what I intend to do.
    Yes. And Larry [Larry McQuillan, Reuters], you're next.
    Q. Mr. President, if I could follow up on this issue of alleged 
Chinese spying, you just said that according to your latest briefing, 
you've not fully resolved the issue of whether Chinese actually spied on 
the United States. Are you meaning to suggest that you're not certain at 
this hour whether there was, in fact, Chinese spying?
    You also said that you've had the full cooperation of the Energy 
Department. How do you explain, sir, then, that in April of 1997, the 
FBI made specific recommendations to the Department of Energy about the 
need to tighten security and those recommendations were not followed 
through on for 17 months?
    And, finally, sir, you mentioned the spying in the 1980's, or the 
alleged spying in the 1980's. Can you assure the American people that 
under your watch, no valuable nuclear secrets were lost?
    The President. Well, you asked several questions there. Let me say, 
first of all, it's my understanding that the Energy Department has fully 
cooperated with the FBI in investigating the alleged breach in the 
mideighties, including the person who was suspected. That is my 
understanding.
    On the question of what recommendations were implemented by whom, 
when, that's what I've asked for the President's Foreign Intelligence 
Advisory Board and Senator Rudman to 
review, to report to me on, as well as to make further recommendations.
    I can tell you that I have--what I said about the espionage was that 
it is my understanding that the investigation has not yet determined for 
sure that espionage occurred. That does not mean that there was not a 
faulty security situation at the lab. The security procedures were too 
weak for years and years and years, for a very long time. And I believe 
that we are aggressively moving to correct that and a lot of changes 
have been made. I think Secretary Richardson 
has been quite vigorous in that regard.
    The chronology about who did what when, I think it's more important 
to have an independent analysis of that, which is why I asked the 
Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board to do that.
    Now, you asked me another question, which is can I tell you that 
there has been no espionage at the labs since I have been President. I 
can tell you that no one has reported to me that they suspect such a 
thing has occurred.
    Larry.

Kosovo

    Q. Mr. President, you met this morning with Members of Congress. And 
afterward, some of them came out and said that they had trouble 
imagining how you could justify airstrikes in Kosovo unless the Serbs 
launched a new offensive first. In fact, Senator Nickles actually 
suggested that it might take a significant massacre before such a move 
would get public support.
    In your mind, does the mere fact that the Serbs refused to sign a 
peace treaty justify airstrikes? Or do you think they need to--if they 
took military action, only then you could act?
    The President. Well, first, I believe they have already taken 
provocative actions. And there was, in the very recent past, the 
massacre at the village that I mentioned in my opening statement. Plus, 
there is the long unquestioned record of atrocity in Bosnia.
    So what we have tried to do all along--and frankly, the Russians 
have been with us in this; I don't mean that they support military 
action, but they've been with us in the peace process--is we could see 
that the same thing that happened in Bosnia and that had happened to 
some

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extent in Kosovo already, and had already produced tens of thousands of 
refugees in Kosovo, was going to happen there. And it seems to me that 
if we know that, and if we have a NATO action order predicated on the 
implementation of the peace process, and the failure to do it triggering 
reaction, that we ought to do what we can to prevent further atrocities.
    I understand what Senator Nickles was 
saying. I think he was saying that the American public has not seen the 
sort of atrocities there they saw in Bosnia, that that is not fresh in 
people's minds. But with all the troops that have been massed, and what 
we know about their plans and what they have publicly said about them, I 
would hate to think that we'd have to see a lot of other little children 
die before we could do what seems to be, to me, clearly the right thing 
to do to prevent it.
    Q. So you would act first then? I mean----
    The President. I don't think it's accurate to say we're acting 
first. I think they have acted first. They have massed their troops. 
They have continued to take aggressive action. They have already leveled 
one village in the recent past and killed a lot of innocent people. I do 
not believe that we ought to have to have thousands more people 
slaughtered and buried in open soccer fields before we do something. I 
think that would be unfortunate if we had said we have to have a lot 
more victims before we can stop what we know is about to happen.
    Wolf [Wolf Blitzer, Cable News Network].

Hillary Clinton's Possible Senate 
Candidacy/Personal Relationship

    Q. Mr. President, there has been a lot of people in New York State 
who have spoken with your wife who seemed to be pretty much convinced 
she wants to run for the Senate seat next year. A, how do you feel about 
that; do you think she would be a good Senator? And as part of the 
broader question involving what has happened over the past year, how are 
the two of you doing in trying to strengthen your relationship, given 
everything you and she have been through over this past year?
    The President. Well, on the second question, I think we're working 
hard. We love each other very much, and we're working at it.
    On the first question, I don't have any doubt that she would be a 
magnificent Senator. She told me--oh, I don't know--over a year ago, and 
long before this ever occurred to anybody, long before we even knew 
Senator Moynihan wouldn't run for reelection--that she thought we should 
move to New York when I left the White House, knowing that I would spend 
a lot of time at home in my library and with the work there, but that we 
would also establish a home in New York. I don't have any doubt that she 
really would be a terrific Senator. She knows so much about public 
policy; she cares so much about the issues, especially those that have a 
particular impact on New York, including the education and economic 
issues that would be very important to the people there.
    But I also have to tell you, the people she's talking to must know 
more than I do because I literally don't have a clue. If you ask me 
today whether I thought it was more likely or not that she would run or 
not run, I could not give you an answer. I just don't know.
    She's doing what I urged her to do, and what I think her instinct 
was, which is to talk to a lot of people. I think she was, at first, 
just immensely flattered that so many people wanted her to do it, but 
she couldn't really believe it. And I think now she's decided to take a 
look at it. But I don't have any idea what she's going to do. If she 
wants to do it, I will strongly support it. But I do not know and really 
have no idea what decision she will ultimately make.
    Q. Mr. President----
    The President Sarah [Sarah McClendon, McClendon News Service]. 
[Laughter]

Treatment of the President

    Q. Sir, will you tell us why you think people have been so mean to 
you? Is it a conspiracy? Is it a plan? They treat you worse than they 
treated Abe Lincoln.
    The President. I don't know. You know, one of my favorite jokes--you 
know that story about the guy that's walking along the Grand Canyon? And 
he falls off, and he's falling hundreds of feet to certain death, and he 
reaches out--he sees a little twig on the side of the canyon, and he 
grabs it. He takes a deep breath, and then all of a sudden he sees the 
roots of the twig start to come loose. And he looks up in the sky and he 
said, ``Lord, why me? Why me? I pay my taxes. I go to work every day. 
Why me?'' And this thunderous voice says, ``Son, there's just something 
about you I don't like.'' [Laughter]
    Who knows? Let me say this. Let me give you a serious answer. 
Whatever happens, I have

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been very blessed in my life. Most of us leave this life further ahead 
than we would be if all we got was justice. Most of us get a fair share 
of mercy, too. And I wouldn't trade anything for having had the 
opportunity to be President and do the work I've done. So I feel very 
good about all that.
    Sam [Sam Donaldson, ABC News].

Juanita Broaddrick

    Q. Mr. President, when Juanita Broaddrick leveled her charges 
against you of rape, in a nationally televised interview, your attorney 
David Kendall issued a statement denying them. But shouldn't you speak 
directly on this matter and reassure the public? And if they are not 
true, can you tell us what your relationship with Ms. Broaddrick was, if 
any?
    The President. Well, 5 weeks ago today--5 weeks ago today--I stood 
in the Rose Garden, after the Senate voted, and I told you that I 
thought I owed it to the American people to give them 100 percent of my 
time and to focus on their business and that I would leave it to others 
to decide whether they would follow that lead. And that is why I have 
decided, as soon as that vote was over, that I would allow all future 
questions to be answered by my attorneys. And I think I made the right 
decision. I hope you can understand it. I think the American people do 
understand it and support it, and I think it was the right decision.
    Scott [Scott Pelley, CBS News].
    Q. Can you not simply deny it, sir?
    The President. There's been a statement made by my 
attorney. He speaks for me, and I think he 
spoke quite clearly.
    Go ahead, Scott.

Kosovo

    Q. Mr. President, it seems you're on the verge of committing U.S. 
forces to combat without a clear definition of your threshold for doing 
so. In January Serb troops massacred 44 civilians. You called it murder 
and demanded that the Serb forces withdraw. They did not. Last month you 
said it would be a mistake to extend the deadline, but the deadline 
passed. Last week your administration said atrocities would be punished, 
and then after that a bomb went off in a Kosovo market and killed 
numerous children. What level of atrocities, sir, is a sufficient 
trigger? What is your threshold?
    The President. Well, you've just made my case. I think that the 
threshold has been crossed. But when I said that the deadline should not 
be extended, Mr. Pelley, what I said was that those of us who were 
trying to shepherd the process should not extend the deadline. When the 
parties themselves asked for a delay, that's an entirely different 
kettle of fish. The rest of us can't be so patronizing that we can't say 
to both sides they had no right to ask for a delay. They asked, 
themselves, for a delay, and I thought it was the right thing to do. I 
still believe that it was the right thing to do. And it did lead to one 
side accepting the agreement.
    You have made another point, which I did not make in my remarks, but 
I would like to make, based on the factual statements you made--
everything you said was right, all the factual things you've cited--
which is that there are basically two grounds on which, in my judgment, 
NATO could properly take action. One is the fact that we have already 
said that if the peace agreement were accepted by the Kosovars, but not 
by the Serbs, we would take action to try to minimize the ability of the 
Serbs just to overrun and slaughter the Kosovars. That's the first thing 
I said.
    The second thing, what you said is quite right. While our threat of 
force last year did result in the drastic reduction of the tension and a 
lot of the refugees going home, it is absolutely true that there have 
been actions taken since then and forced movements since then that would 
trigger the other NATO action order to use force. The reason that has 
not been done, frankly, is because the peace process was going on and we 
knew that if we could just get an agreement from both sides, that we 
could end the violence and we wouldn't have to act under either ground.
    So from my point of view, as I made clear to the Congress today, I 
think the threshold for their conduct has already been crossed.
    John [John Harris, Washington Post].
    Q. Sir, if I might follow up. With the OSCE monitors leaving 
tonight, if Serbian forces move into Kosovo, will that trigger NATO 
strikes?
    The President. I've already said, I do not believe that--I think 
that whatever threshold they need to cross has been crossed. I think 
that, in view of the present state of things, it would be better if I 
did not say any more about any particular plans we might have.

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    John.

Books by Former White House Staff Members

    Q. Sir, George Stephanopoulos has written a book that contains some 
tough and fairly personal criticism of you. Earlier, Dick Morris had 
written a somewhat similar book. How much pain do these judgments by 
former aides cause you? And do you consider it a betrayal for people to 
write books on the history of your administration while you're still in 
office?
    The President. Well, like I said last night, I haven't read it. 
[Laughter] So I have absorbed no pain, since I haven't read either one 
of the books, but I--or even any articles about it. I don't think that 
furthers the commitment I made to the American people to focus on their 
business and their future.
    What I will say is that I very much value the loyalty and service I 
have received from the overwhelming majority of the people who have 
worked here in the White House and in the Cabinet and in the 
administration, often under positions of almost unprecedented pressure. 
And I think that very often that kind of loyalty goes unrecognized, but 
it is not unappreciated by me.
    I remember once, in the difficult days of early 1995, a scholar of 
the Presidency came here and said that I was a most fortunate person 
because I had enjoyed the most loyal Cabinet since Thomas Jefferson's 
second administration. It took my breath away when he said it, but the 
more I thought about it and the more I read about what had happened 
between this time and Mr. Jefferson's, the more I realized he was 
probably accurate. All I can tell you is I am profoundly grateful for 
the service and the loyalty that I have received, that our cause has 
received, and I think the American people have benefited quite richly 
from it.
    Mr. Walsh [Ken Walsh, U.S. News & World Report].

Post-Impeachment Impressions

    Q. Mr. President, I understand that you don't want to speculate 
about what your opponents might do now, after the impeachment struggle 
is over. But I wonder what your feelings are after some period of 
reflection on the impeachment process, how you were treated, and if you 
feel resentment, relief, and how you think people will deal with this 
and see it 10 or 20 years from now.
    The President. I think it's best for me not to focus on that now. I 
think it's best for me to focus on my job. I have nearly 2 years to go. 
I have an enormous amount to do. I am trying to convince the Congress to 
adopt what, if they do adopt it, would be the most ambitious set of 
legislative proposals yet in my tenure, probably even more ambitious 
than the economic reforms of '93 or the balanced budget of '97 or any of 
the other things that were done--to save Social Security and Medicare 
for the 21st century, to pay our debt down, to secure our economy for 
the long run. And it seems to me that anything I say or do, or any time 
I spend working on that will detract from my ability to be an effective 
President. And I owe that to the American people, and so that's what I'm 
going to focus on.
    Yes, go ahead.

Personal Savings Rate/Economic Goals

    Q. Mr. President, with the Dow crossing the 10,000 mark, the stock 
market is trading well above any traditional benchmarks. Meanwhile, the 
personal savings rate has dropped below zero, largely in part, perhaps, 
because of rising stock prices. Are you worried that the U.S. and the 
world economies have become too dependent on a stock market that may be 
overvalued, and if so, is there anything the administration can do about 
it?
    The President. I think what the administration should do is focus on 
the economic fundamentals at home and focus on fixing what appears to 
be, in my judgment, the biggest remaining obstacle to continued growth 
around the world on which our growth depends. I think that the savings 
rate, the aggregate savings rate of the country is very important for 
the long-term economic health of America.
    I don't think there's any question that the savings rate dropping to 
zero or negative in the last quarter of last year is in part due to the 
fact that people feel that they have more wealth. Now, that is not a bad 
thing that they have more wealth. One of the things that I'm really 
pleased about is that through retirement funds and other things, there 
is a more broad sharing of the wealth in America.
    But I would like to just say the two things I think I should be 
working on, and this is something I ask all of you to watch as we debate 
the specific proposals on Social Security and the specific proposals on 
Medicare. Because,

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keep in mind, I carefully made the Social Security and Medicare 
proposals I made so that we could fund them and pay down the debt, 
because if we pay down the debt we increase savings, aggregate savings, 
in America. And when we do that, we assure the long-term stability of 
our economy. Lower interest rates means higher investment, more jobs, 
more businesses, lower mortgage rates, lower home loan rates--excuse me, 
lower car loan rates, lower college loan rates, lower credit card rates, 
the whole 9 yards. I think that is very, very important. At a time when 
we have such a low personal savings rate, it is very important that we 
get the Government debt down.
    Secondly, it will help us to do what we have to do in the rest of 
the world. If you look at Asia, they have--their situation in a lot of 
those Asian countries is more like what we went through in the 1930's; 
that is, they have a collapse of demand. They need more liquidity. They 
need more funds. They need more investment. They need more activity. If 
we are not taking money out of the international system but instead 
paying down our own debt, then there will be more funds that will be 
able to flow into that part of the world to get the economy going, into 
Latin America to keep the economy there from sinking under the weight of 
the Asian problems. So this is very important.
    The second thing I'd like to say is, I'm doing my dead-level-best to 
build on the work we've been doing for the last 2 or 3 years to try to 
fix some of the problems in the international financial system. Keep in 
mind that one of the things that caused such great burden in the Asian 
financial crisis is, these countries didn't get in trouble the way we 
were used to countries getting in trouble. We were used to countries 
getting in trouble where they had great big deficits and enormous 
inflation and everything got out of control.
    What happened in these countries were, there were problems with the 
financial institutions, problems with the rules and the transparency in 
making loans and making investments. And we're trying to make some 
changes that we'll try to ratify this summer when we meet in Germany 
that I think could go a long way toward ensuring that this sort of thing 
will not happen again in the future.
    Now, the markets will determine what happened to the markets. What I 
think I have to do is give the American people good, sound fundamentals, 
pay this debt down, and try to get the financial architecture of the 
21st century straightened out.
    Mark [Mark Knoller, CBS Radio].

Independent Counsel Statute

    Q. Mr. President, your administration has come out against the 
extension of the independent counsel statute. And yet, when you signed a 
reauthorization of it 5 years ago, you called it ``a force for 
Government integrity and public confidence.'' Do you think now that you 
made a mistake when you signed that reauthorization 5 years ago? Do you 
disavow those comments? And if so, do you feel that way because you were 
the target of Ken Starr's investigation?
    The President. Well, because of that, because I was the target, I 
think it is better for me to refer you to the conclusions reached by the 
American Bar Association that had the same change of heart, and by the 
Attorney General and the Deputy Attorney 
General. I believe that their views 
should be given more weight since they were not the subject of such 
investigations. And the bar association and the Attorney General and the 
Deputy Attorney General have spoken clearly and have said anything I 
could say.
    Mara [Mara Liasson, National Public Radio].

Vice President Gore

    Q. Mr. President, your Vice President has recently been ridiculed 
for claiming he invented the Internet and spent his boyhood plowing 
steep hillsides in Tennessee. I'm wondering what you think of those 
claims and what advice you'd give him about how to brag on himself 
without getting in so much trouble. [Laughter]
    The President. Well, you know, he came 
a lot closer to inventing the Internet than I did. [Laughter] I mean--I 
will say this about it. First of all, you remember he was talking about 
the information superhighway 20 years ago, and he did have a lot to do 
with supporting the development of it and supporting the Government 
research that led to these developments.
    Keep in mind, I think when I became President in 1993, there were 
still only 50 or 60 sites on the Internet, and now there are millions 
and millions. So what I would like to say is, I don't know exactly what 
he said or exactly how it's been 
characterized, but he has been, for 20 years, one of the major 
architects of

[[Page 417]]

America's progress in technology, and he deserves a lot of appreciation 
for that. The Telecommunications Act, which I signed, he was heavily 
involved in the negotiations of our administration's positions. I talked 
to an executive the other day who said he was absolutely convinced at 
least 200,000 new high-tech jobs have already been created in America as 
a result of that act.
    As far as his boyhood home, I think--I 
know what you're saying. You're saying, well, he went to St. Alban's and 
his daddy was a Senator. But it's also true that he is from east 
Tennessee, and he did learn to do all those things he did on the farm. 
I've been there, in Carthage, Tennessee. I've talked to his mother and 
his father, when he was alive, and other people who were there. And I 
think it's important that the American people know more about the Vice 
President's background. I think it's important that they know that he 
served in the Congress, that he served in the Senate, that before that 
he was a member of your profession, he was a journalist and served in 
the Armed Forces in Vietnam. I think it's important also that they know 
that he was a principal architect of the 
major economic and other policies of this administration.
    And you know, you all will examine his claims, and presumably the 
claims of everybody else who would like to succeed me, and make your 
judgments, and the American people will be as well. But the Vice 
President is, by nature, a reticent person when it comes to talking 
about his life and his background. And I hope that he will find--for all 
of us, that's one of the most difficult things about running for public 
office. You want to be able to share formative experiences in your life 
or things you've been involved in that you're particularly proud of, and 
you want to do it without seeming to toot your own horn too much. And 
it's a challenge.
    But I can tell you this. I'll be happy to toot his horn in terms of the years that we've worked together, 
because there's no question that he has been integral to all the good 
things that have happened in this administration.
    Yes.

Lessons in Truthfulness

    Q. Mr. President, many young Americans learn the importance of 
telling the truth based on an allegory about our very first President; 
George Washington reportedly said, ``I cannot tell a lie.'' What do you 
think your legacy will be about lying? And how important do you think it 
is to tell the truth, especially under oath?
    The President. I think it's very important. And I think that what 
young people will learn from my experience is that even Presidents have 
to do that and that there are consequences when you don't.
    But I also think that there will be a box score, and there will be 
that one negative, and then there will be the hundreds and hundreds and 
hundreds of times when the record will show that I did not abuse my 
authority as President, that I was truthful with the American people. 
And scores and scores of allegations were made against me and widely 
publicized without any regard to whether they were true or not. Most of 
them have already been actually proved false. And it's very hard to 
disprove every false allegation against you. But we have had more 
success, frankly, than I was afraid we would when we started.
    So I would hope that there would be a higher regard for truth 
telling by all people in public life and all those who report on it. I 
think it would be a very good thing.
    Yes.

Kosovo

    Q. Mr. President, you said on Kosovo that if we don't act, the war 
will spread. That's very similar to what we said when we went into 
Bosnia several years ago. Our troops are still there. How can you assure 
the American people that we're not getting into a quagmire in Bosnia?
    The President. Well, first of all, in Bosnia we have brought about 
70 percent of our troops home. It has not been a quagmire. I told the 
America people we might well have some loss of life there, but I was 
convinced we would lose fewer lives and do more good over the long run 
if we intervened when we did.
    I feel the same way about Kosovo. The argument that I tried to make 
for our putting troops there, if we could reach a peace agreement, was 
that we were moving in the right direction; the Europeans had been 
willing to shoulder a much bigger share of the responsibility; we were 
only going to be asked to put up about, oh, 15 percent of the troops.
    But I don't want to get in the position in Kosovo that I was in in 
Bosnia, where the Pentagon came to me with a very honest estimate of 
when they thought we could finish. And we

[[Page 418]]

turned out to be wrong about that. We were not able to stabilize the 
situation as quickly as we thought we could. And this business in Kosovo 
is not helping any. Keep in mind, there could be some ramifications in 
Bosnia, as well as in Macedonia, where we have troops.
    So I can just tell you that I think that we have tried to limit our 
involvement, we have tried to limit our mission, and we will conclude it 
as quickly as we can. I think that in all these cases, you have to ask 
yourself, what will be the cost and the duration of involvement and the 
consequences if we do not move. And I have asked myself that question as 
well.
    Again, I would say to you, I would not be doing this if I did not 
think, number one, whenever we can stop a humanitarian disaster at an 
acceptable price, we ought to do it. Two, I'm convinced we'll be dragged 
into this thing under worse circumstances, at greater cost if we don't 
act. And three, this is, to me, a critical part of the objective I 
brought to the Presidency of trying to leave office with an alliance 
between the United States and a more unified, more prosperous, more 
peaceful, more stable Europe. And this is one of the big three questions 
still hanging out there, as I said in my opening remarks, and I'm trying 
to resolve this.
    April [April Ryan, American Urban Radio Network]. And then Mr. King 
[John King, Cable News Network].

Police Brutality/President's Race Initiative

    Q. Mr. President, for many years, civil rights leaders have called 
for White House help in cases of police brutality and police profiling. 
Now, civil rights leaders say more needs to be done, like opening old 
brutality cases. Will you listen to those calls and expand your recent 
proposals allowing that, and when will you receive your completed draft 
of the race book?
    The President. Let me answer the second question first because it's 
an easier question to dispose of. I have received and gone over a number 
of drafts of the race book, and I'm fairly pleased with where it's 
going. And one of the things we'll attempt to address is this whole 
issue of civil rights and law enforcement. And I would hope that it will 
be ready sometime in the next couple of months. I hope we'll have it 
finished, because we're rushing and we're trying to get it done.
    Now, on the question of reopening old cases, I have to be candid 
with you and tell you that you're the first 
person who has ever mentioned that to me. I know that there must have 
been something in the letters about it. I will have to discuss that with 
our advisers and see what the appropriate thing to do is. But I would 
like to make a general statement about it, maybe to try to emphasize 
some of the points I attempted to make in my radio address on Saturday.
    I've been involved in law enforcement for more than 20 years now, 
since I became attorney general of my State in 1977. Even before that, 
when I was in law school, and later when I was a law professor, I used 
to spend a lot of time teaching criminal law, criminal procedure, and 
constitutional law to law enforcement officers. I think that the police 
of this country know that I honor them and that I support them and that 
I think what they're doing is profoundly important.
    I am very proud of the crime bill we passed in '94, not only because 
it was--along with the Brady bill--it banned assault weapons, but 
because it put 100,000 police on the street. And we're ahead of schedule 
and under budget on that goal. And my present budget called for putting 
50,000 more out there in community policing in the highest crime areas 
of the country.
    But I think that--and I am mindful of the fact that when you put on 
a gun, no matter how well trained you are, you have to be very careful 
about being under great stress and fear and making mistakes. But it 
seems to me that just as this administration has strongly supported law 
enforcement in every way to try to give us a safer country and a country 
where the law enforcement was closer connected to the community, we have 
a responsibility to deal with these issues of brutality when they arise 
and the whole question of policies of profiling, of presuming that 
people are more likely to be criminals because of their racial 
background or some other characteristic.
    And I hope that our administration, working with civil rights 
groups, civil liberties groups, and law enforcement groups, will be able 
to really get a genuine debate on this and a resolution of it that is 
satisfactory, because we cannot have the kind of country we want if 
people are afraid of those folks who are trying to protect them.

[[Page 419]]

    Now, but in terms of opening the old cases, I just have to look at 
that. I don't know enough about the facts to give you an informed 
opinion.
    Mr. King. And then Mr. Cannon [Carl Cannon, National Journal]. Go 
ahead.

Russia

    Q. Mr. President, the Russian Prime Minister will be here next week 
seeking your support for another very large installment in international 
economic assistance. Yet, leading officials in your own administration 
say there has been a retreat, if not a reversal, in the pace of market 
reforms in Russia. Are you prepared to support the new installment of 
IMF funding? And are you on the verge of an agreement with Russia 
regarding its nuclear transfers to Iran?
    The President. Well, first, let me say that Mr. Primakov is coming here at an important time. And I have 
urged all of us in the administration, our economic team and our 
political team, to be acutely aware of the fact that the first thing he 
had to do was to try to stabilize his own situation when he took office.
    In terms of the economic reforms that he needs to pursue, 
he needs some help from the Duma. And I 
would be a poor person to be unsympathetic with a man who is having 
trouble getting a certain proposal through a Congress. But I think it is 
important, if we are going to help Russia--and we should; we should do 
everything we can--that we do things that are actually likely to make a 
difference, instead of things that will undermine confidence over the 
long run in Russia and in the ability of others to invest there.
    So I'm hoping we can reach an agreement which will permit the IMF 
program to go forward, because I think that is important. But it will 
only work if the money doesn't turn around and leave the country as soon 
as it's put in.
    In other words, that's what--what we have to persuade the Russians 
of is that we're not trying to impose some economic theory on them, 
we're not trying to impose more--I don't mean just we, the United 
States; I mean we, the international financial institutions, of which 
the United States is a part--and that we want to see the back wages 
paid. We want to see the standard of living of the Russian people rise. 
We want to see more investment go in there. But there have got to be 
some changes, some of which require legislative action in the Duma in 
order for this to work. Otherwise, even if we put the money in, it will 
leave.
    And so that's what we're working on. And I'm hopeful that we'll also 
get a resolution of the second issue you mentioned, and I'm optimistic 
about that.
    Q. Mr. President----
    Q. Mr. President----
    [Laughter]
    The President. I said Mr. Cannon could go next. I want to honor my 
commitment there. Oh yeah, yeah, I forgot Wendell [Wendell Goler, Fox 
News Channel]--go ahead. Wendell's next.

China-U.S. Relations

    Q. We're jumping around a lot, and I apologize, but I'd like to 
return to China for just a minute. Officials with your administration 
have said that China's size, that it's so big, it's just difficult to 
ignore, that you can't just pretend they don't exist. But in terms of 
human rights, that merely underscores the magnitude of the problem. 
That's a billion people who don't have freedom of worship, freedom of 
the press, the right to peaceably assemble, the right to redress their 
government, the right to form their government. And you often talk about 
values when you talk about public policy. Does our relationship with 
China now reflect your values?
    The President. I believe our policy toward China does. Our 
relationship is not perfect, but I think it is the correct course.
    First of all, I believe that the principal problem, human rights 
problem in China is the absence of political rights and the civil rights 
associated with them. There are some examples of religious--denial of 
religious freedom. There's also a lot of religious expression there. You 
remember, I went to church in China, to a church that has regular 
services every week, whether we're there or not.
    And there is the special problem of Tibet, which I engaged President 
Jiang about in our press conference and on which 
we continue to work.
    So to me, it's very important, and we have to continue to press 
ahead on that. I think the question is, what is the best way for the 
United States to maximize the chances that China will become more open 
in terms of political and civil rights, that any vestiges of religious 
oppression will be dropped, that Tibet will have a chance as soon as 
possible to preserve its unique

[[Page 420]]

culture and identity? I think--and all these questions like that.
    And it seems to me that the best way to do it is to work with the 
Chinese where it's in our interest to do so and to frankly and 
forthrightly state our differences where they exist. If we were to reach 
a point where we were convinced that no agreement we made ever would be 
kept, where no progress could ever be made, then I would ask the 
American people to reassess that. But I believe that the evidence is--
and I cited some specific examples earlier in this press conference--the 
evidence is that the Chinese would like a constructive relationship with 
us.
    Keep in mind, the same sort of debate that's going on in this 
country, there is a mirror image of that debate going on in China today. 
And there are people in China that are not at a press conference, but 
they're saying, ``You know, the Americans cannot exist without an enemy; 
you know they've got to have an enemy; they've got to have somebody to 
dominate the world against. And what they really want to do is to 
contain us; they don't want us to flower economically; they don't want 
us to have influence, even if it's nonaggressive influence. And 
therefore, we need to build up our military. Therefore, we need to fight 
them at every turn; we need to oppose them at every turn.''
    These sorts of debates are going on in their country. And what I 
have said to President Jiang, to Premier Zhu, to everyone who is involved on the trip--and I look 
forward to the Premier's trip to the United States--is that we still 
have to define what kind of future we're going to have, how we're going 
to share it, what is the proper arena for competition, what is the 
proper arena for cooperation. And we have to judge China as we would 
judge anyone else, and as we would expect to be judged, by our actions.
    What you have here is a relationship that is profoundly important, 
very large and inherently frustrating because it has many different 
elements, some of which we like, some of which we don't. And it requires 
a constant evaluation to see whether we're on the right track, whether 
we're doing the right things, whether we're going in the right 
direction. And because it doesn't fit within neat or calming categories, 
it can be a source of difficulty.
    But I believe that I've done the right thing for America over the 
long run by trying to establish a positive but wide-open--I mean eyes 
wide open, with no illusions--relationship with China where we 
explicitly put our differences on the table; where we pursue them to a 
point of resolution if possible; where we don't give up on what we 
believe if we can't resolve them; and where we do work on the things 
that we have in common. I believe this is the right thing to do. But it 
is inherently frustrating at the points of difference.
    Wendell, go ahead.
    Press Secretary Joe Lockhart. This is the last question warning.

Chinese Nuclear Espionage

    Q. Thank you, Joe. Mr. President, you said just a short while ago 
that no one has reported to you they suspect Chinese espionage at U.S. 
nuclear labs during your administration, sir. But sources tell Fox News, 
and we are reporting this evening, that China stole the technology for 
electromagnetic pulse weapons from several nuclear labs during your 
first term in office, sir, and that the Chinese have successfully tested 
these weapons in China. And the sources also say that the 
administration, at least, was aware of this.
    Can you tell us, sir, were you not personally aware? Are you 
concerned about this? And what will be your administration's response to 
the report?
    The President. Well, you didn't say what the source of what they 
sold was. You say they ``stole,'' is that the word you used?
    Q. Yes, sir, the technology for EMP weapons, from 4 of the 11 
nuclear labs.
    The President. To the best of my knowledge--and, you know, I try 
to--not only do I spend a great deal of time every day on national 
security measures, I try to prepare for these things. To the best of my 
knowledge, no one has said anything to me about any espionage which 
occurred by the Chinese against the labs during my Presidency.
    I will--if you report that, then I'll do my best to find out what 
the facts are, and I'll tell you what they are. And if I have misstated 
this in any way because I don't remember something, then I will tell you 
that. But I don't believe that I have forgotten.
    Yes, ma'am. One more.

[[Page 421]]

Treasury Secretary/Federal Reserve Board Chairman

    Q. Mr. President, can you put to rest rumors--you were talking 
earlier about the stability of your Cabinet. Can you put to rest rumors 
on Wall Street that Treasury Secretary Rubin is going to be leaving 
soon? Has he had any discussion about a departure with you? And in a 
related question, have you had any conversations with Fed Chairman 
Greenspan about his reappointment?
    The President. The answer to the second question is, no, I have not. 
You should draw no conclusion about that one way or the other. It's just 
not come up.
    And I have not discussed Mr. Rubin's 
plans personally with him in quite a long while, maybe a year--I can't 
remember; it's been a good long while. He has served well. He has worked 
hard. I hope he will stay. Goodness knows, he's given his country a 
great deal, and he's served us very well. But I do not know what his 
specific plans are. I'm aware of all the rumors, but we've not had a 
conversation about it.
    Yes, ma'am, in the back. You had your hand up for a long time.

Bosnia

    Q. Mr. President, I'm a Bosnian journalist. And my country before 
war was almost unknown; during the war, for a long time neglected. And 
now we feel a little bit forgotten, if you don't mind, sir. You're going 
to go to Slovenia soon, and you're talking about European security and 
stability as a priority of U.S. foreign policy. I'd like to know, and I 
believe that Bosnians would appreciate that, if you can say if you have 
any new initiative to boost a peace process in Bosnia. Bosnian dream of 
a united country is dying slowly--country is dying slowly. So if you're 
going to change some people, as New York Times reported, or the State 
Department hints, sir, what would be your next step in Bosnia, sir?
    The President. The Bosnian peace process has been put under stress 
recently because the Brcko decision was made and had to be made within 
the timeframe in which it was made. And I think the most important thing 
now is that we try to get beyond that and go on with the business of 
building the common institutions and trying to get more economic 
opportunity there.
    I'm very concerned that the politicians who still want to chip away 
at the idea of a united Bosnian nation will be able to do it principally 
because we're not able to show the benefits of peace to ordinary 
citizens. It seems to me that is the most important thing we can do, 
once we stabilize the situation in the aftermath of the Brcko decision. 
And I think we're on the way to doing that.
    Thank you very much.

Note: The President's 171st news conference began at 4:01 p.m. in the 
East Room at the White House. In his remarks, he referred to President 
Slobodan Milosevic of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and 
Montenegro); convicted spy Aldrich Ames; former Senator Warren B. 
Rudman, Chairman, President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board; David 
E. Kendall, the President's personal attorney; Prime Minister Yevgeniy 
Primakov of Russia; and President Jiang Zemin and Premier Zhu Rongji of 
China. The President also referred to Presidential Decision Directive 
61.