    [Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: William J. Clinton (1999, Book I)]
    [April 26, 1999]
    [Pages 636-640]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]

    Remarks at a Union of American Hebrew Congregations Dinner Honoring
    Rabbi David Saperstein
    April 26, 1999

        Thank you very much. Rabbi Yoffie--or Mr.
    President, should I say? [Laughter] My good friend Barney Frank--I would like to be furnished with a copy
    of the jokes he told before I got here. [Laughter] I want to thank
    Richard Ben-Veniste, Marian
    Edelman, Senator
    Metzenbaum, and others who organized
    this great dinner, and thank at least the Members of Congress I have
    been told are here, Senator Wellstone,
    Representative Shelley Berkley, and
    Representative Tom Udall.
        And like David, I would like to say to you, Mr.
    Landsburg, our prayers are with your
    daughter, and we're pulling for her, and
    we're proud that she's making the progress she is.

    [[Page 637]]

        As David said, sort of in passing, we first met, oh, about somewhere
    between 12 and 15 years ago at a weekend retreat, courtesy of
    Marian and Peter Edelman. It was one of these deals where you get really smart
    people, and they talk all weekend. And they solve every problem, and
    then they can't imagine why it doesn't happen afterward, you know? It's
    a fabulous thing. [Laughter]
        And I met that guy, and I thought: Now, this guy is some talker.
    [Laughter] And then, it is true, he stayed with Hillary and me when he
    came to Little Rock for the 30th anniversary of the integration of
    Little Rock Central High School, and we did stay up half the night. And
    Hillary sends her love.
        I know, David, that over the years you've often been willing to
    stand against the tide and take a minority viewpoint and be very brave.
    But when you said that most people think we married wives that were
    smarter than we are, in this case, the majority is right. [Laughter]
        Even by the high standards of rabbis, David can talk. I mean, he is
    a good talker. [Laughter] But he talks so fast. [Laughter] You know,
    tonight he was clipping along at a pretty good pace, and it's the
    slowest I ever heard him speak. [Laughter] One night I saw him on
    television debating Jerry Falwell. And he was unbelievable. He just
    waxed him. He leveled him, you know? [Laughter] But unfortunately, no
    one who lived below the Mason-Dixon line could understand a word he
    said. [Laughter]
        I want you to know where I was tonight. While you were listening to
    all these people heap praise on David, I was home praying that God would
    forgive them for the lies they were telling. [Laughter] Then I decided,
    what the heck, I'll come tell a few, too. [Laughter]
        Let me say, like all of you, I love this man. And whether he's
    speaking fast or slow, the most important thing about him is that
    whatever it is he says, he does his dead-level-best to do. And that is
    really the difference between David and most of the rest of the world,
    including most of the rest of us, from time to time. If we are all
    completely honest, we would have to admit that there are very few people
    who are as absolutely certain, day-in and day-out, year-in and year-out,
    to say something and then follow it up by acting in a way that is
    completely consistent with what they say. He is such a person, and that
    is why he is such a great treasure.
        As he says, since I've been President, I've often sought his wise
    advice, and his energy I have tried to tap. I've done it so often, it's
    almost to the point of abusing our friendship. And it's hard for a man
    in his position to be friends with the President. You know, he was so
    gracious tonight--so were you, Rabbi; you never mentioned any of the
    things that I've done that you disagreed with. [Laughter] Barney would
    have, but I wasn't here to say it--just to hear it. [Laughter] And what
    all they said before amounts to, ``He's not so bad for a President, but
    we know they're never completely perfect.''
        I want you to know that David talked about religious liberty. It
    means a lot to me. And if you look around the world today, we'd be a lot
    better off if it meant a lot to other people, too. He played a major
    role in the guidelines we issued in 1995 to help protect the right of
    students in public schools to express their religious convictions within
    the Constitution and without a need to amend the Constitution. And I
    don't know if anybody has noticed, but that's one issue you don't have
    to fight now.
        When I became President, everybody was convinced we were going to
    have this huge battle over this constitutional amendment, prayer in the
    schools and all that. And I told the Secretary of Education, I said, ``I don't believe anybody has read the
    decisions. I think this is a bogus political battle.'' And so we got
    David and a few other people and some scholars together, and we put out
    a booklet. And we sent it to all the schools and said, ``Look, here are
    your rights now. Here's what you have to do. Here's how you can avoid
    problems. Give this to everybody.'' And I mean, within 6 months the
    whole issue of the constitutional amendment died.
        So David did two good things: He increased people's sense that they
    were actually free to practice their faith, whatever it is, within the
    Constitution, wherever they wish. And he did it and, at the same time,
    totally diminished the sense that it was somehow needed to amend the
    Constitution in a way that I'm convinced would have raised a whole lot
    more problems than it solved.
        And it's the kind of thing that he did that he got almost no notice
    for. And most of the rest of us didn't either, because it wound up being
    a dog that doesn't bark. But in the end,

    [[Page 638]]

    that's sometimes the highest measure of our success in public life.
        He played a major role in the dialog we had on race. And therefore,
    his influence is still felt in a lot of what we are trying to do in the
    White House in that regard.
        I do believe that, as David said better than I in his wonderful,
    wonderful speech, you must believe that we are not only all created in
    God's image but that we have a little bit of God within us, and so does
    everyone else. That is very important to his faith and to his action.
    The Talmud says, whoever is able to protest against the transgressions
    of the world and does not is liable for the transgression of the entire
    world.
        I think David wakes up thinking about that every morning. He's
    probably taken some of our transgressions away along with his because
    he's done way more than his share. [Laughter] But I say that because we
    have all been sort of sobered in these last days by what is going on in
    Kosovo and by this terrible tragedy in Littleton, Colorado.
        And when we think about it, we think we know, too, that beneath all
    the prosperity our country enjoys there are still plenty of people who
    have not participated in it here and, in more subtle, less visible ways,
    are also suffering. He thinks about that.
        And I would just like to take a few moments tonight to ask you, in
    David's honor, to think about this new millennium we're about to enter;
    how fortunate we are to go into it with many, if not all, but many of
    our social conditions improving and our economy booming and our country
    able to play a very privileged role to advance the cause of peace and
    humanity around the world. But we know that this future--[inaudible]--
    that most people think of as dominated by technology and global
    information sharing and a global economy and people drawing together,
    that the good parts of that future are far from assured, because a lot
    of the modern things that we think are inherently good are just like all
    the old things that happen in all previous times; they have a dark
    underside that must be struggled against.
        The same explosion of technologies, for example, that fuels the
    prosperity of people all across the world really helps a lot of those
    who want to exploit today the oldest weakness of human society, fear and
    hatred of the other. I mean, think about it. The Internet offers
    scientists the way to exchange information and fight disease, offers
    poor children the way to access libraries. It's amazing how many kids in
    high school now are filing research papers, and they don't have a--every
    single source they got, they got off the Internet. But the Internet also
    offers websites that glorify death, lionize Hitler, and tell teenagers
    to make pipe bombs. It is not a thing, in and of itself, that is good.
        Now, what's all that got to do with what we're talking about here?
    What has Littleton to do with Kosovo? I think it has a lot to do with
    the whole way we think about life and the way we define ourselves and
    the way we use categories. None of us could function without categories.
    Categories help us to organize our days, to understand the outside
    world, to even organize our inner lives and our search for truth. Some
    of us are black; some of us are white. Some of us are Jewish; some of us
    are Muslim; some of us are Christian. Some are straight; some are gay.
    Some are Arab; some are Israeli. We categorize them. You've got to have
    them. You couldn't function without them.
        The problem comes when people believe the categories are the truths,
    instead of helpful ways of helping us organize our search for the truth.
    Because when you believe that, then if you're an insecure kid in school
    and somebody says there's something wrong with you because you're not in
    the ``in'' crowd, you think it means something, instead of just a way of
    characterizing, ``Here's what this group of kids thinks is important,
    and I'm not one of them. I'm something else, but really I'm just as good
    as they are.'' You think about it.
        Somebody says, ``I want to build Greater Serbia.'' What the heck
    does that mean? Nothing to you; but if you were Serb and you had a sense
    of historic grievance, it might mean quite a lot to you, unless you had
    enough wisdom to know that the concept of being a Serb could only mean
    something if it were consistent with your search for the ultimate human
    truth and what connects you to the Albanians or the Macedonians or the
    Montenegrins or whatever.
        Tougher for you in the Holy Land. And I applaud your search for
    peace, because even in the place where your faith was born, you know
    that the exclusive occupation of a given acre of land is not as
    important as the ability to relate to the common humanity of others who
    are your neighbors.
        But if you think about it--we all ought to think about this--I have
    been plagued by this

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    thing in Littleton. I thought about--I've relived my life as a parent.
    My heart goes out to the parents who lost their children, including the
    parents of the two boys who did the killing. Because how many people are
    living in homes with people they love but are really strangers? How many
    times, even in our own homes, have we felt that? Maybe in nonviolent
    circumstances, but we all feel it. In a certain way we're all strangers
    on our journey through life.
        And the only thing that enables us to hang together is, somehow we
    know that there is this thing that we share, that was given to us by
    God, that makes us in God's image, that gives us a piece of immortality.
    It is our common humanity.
        If a child has a sense of that, then if somebody looks down on the
    child, the child can say, ``That's their problem, not mine. They're not
    better than I am.'' The child can almost feel sympathy for them and
    certainly feel sympathy for others who are far more discriminated
    against. But if someone believes that categories are reality, are truth,
    then when someone looks down on the child, the child is not only angry
    at that person, but the child then looks around for someone to look down
    on.
        I saw this happen when I was a kid in the South. Why were the poor
    whites the worst racists? Because the rich whites were looking down on
    them all the time. They knew they didn't have very much education. They
    knew they didn't have great jobs, and their lives were kind of a drag,
    and they felt like nobody respected them. But thank God, they had
    somebody they could look down on.
        This is a huge problem in every society. And when you have a society
    like ours, where we refuse to take even the most elemental steps to
    control access to weapons that kids should not have access to and when
    we fought for the Brady bill and the assault weapons ban and the things
    that I'm trying to pass now--that I hope all of you support, and I know
    you will--they actively decide we're threatening the American way of
    life. Why? Because people believe that categories are realities. The
    gang they're in is the real gang with the whole truth and opposed to the
    others. It's the real difference in Mr. Saperstein and his debating
    partner, Mr. Falwell.
        And in the end, you know, when this thing is over in Kosovo--and it
    will be over and they will go home, because we will not quit--but when
    it's over, what's going to happen? The Kosovar Albanians who were
    uprooted from their homes and their schools, saw their villages burned--
    what should they do? Go home and see their Serbian neighbors, who turned
    the other way and were silent, because either they were afraid, maybe
    they were even secretly glad, maybe they even secretly believed in the
    Greater Serbia, maybe they openly believed in it--so what are they going
    to do, go in and get even with them?
        We cannot stop when the war is over and the refugees go home. We
    have to give the people in the Balkans a way to be proud of their ethnic
    heritage, acknowledge that they all have legitimate historical
    grievances and then recognize that no one ever gets even. That is God's
    work; we don't do that. And the more we try to get even, the more we
    remain the prisoners of those against whom our anger is directed.
        Now, somehow, we have got to drive that home to our children. And
    it's hard. But we ought to start here. You know, we're all raised in
    this old child's adage, ``Sticks and stones will break my bones, but
    words will never hurt me.'' It's just not true. Hardly anybody believes
    that anymore. There are a few people, like me, who have had more
    practice living with it than others. [Laughter] But it's a huge deal.
        I can still remember when I was in second grade and I was the only
    kid that wasn't picked to play on a softball team. Nobody wanted me
    because I was too fat and slow. I can still remember it like it was
    yesterday. So that happens to kids. You know, our children need to know
    that they're still God's children and they're just as good as anybody
    else. And they should feel sympathy for people who are disrespecting and
    enormous pain for people who really suffer far greater than they do.
    They shouldn't get into this thing where they want to get even with the
    people that dissed them and they've got to have somebody to look down
    on. But this is human nature out of direction, people who believe that
    categories matter, that they're reality.
        And I know I'm, as the Baptists say, preaching to the choir tonight.
    But this is a very important thing. Why are people so hung up on a lot
    of the issues that Barney has worked to get me
    to work with him on? Why are people afraid to pass the ``Employment Non-
    Discrimination Act''? Why are they afraid of that?

    [[Page 640]]

        I don't mean that categories don't matter. It really matters if
    you're Jewish or if you're Muslim; you have a different way of
    worshiping God. And they matter; all these things matter. But they do
    not define the whole truth. And that is the point that needs to be made.
        Categories are things made up by imperfect people to help us
    organize reality so we can get through the day and try to search inside
    to get closer to the truth. They will never define the whole truth. We
    cannot do that. We cannot do that; that is not for us to do.
        This sounds so basic, but after all this time I've spent as
    President, the most vivid memories I have--sitting in Kigali in Rwanda
    with a woman who woke up, having been cut by machetes, to find that her
    husband and six children had been slaughtered and somehow a miracle had
    let her survive. And instead of being full of hatred for losing
    everything, she was spending her life trying to figure out how to get
    people to live together again. And all the other examples like that I've
    seen. Every single time it was somebody in excruciating pain, having
    suffered enormous abuse, who somehow said, ``All these things that we
    used to think matter so much, they don't matter as much as our common
    humanity.''
        It is that which allows people to have sufficient self-respect to
    endure the normal slings and arrows of life and sometimes the
    extraordinary unfairness that life brings. It is that which enables
    people to have the empathy and the sympathy necessary to be fully alive.
    And with all the modern world and all the fancy gizmos we have and all
    the growth of the economy we have and the stock market at 10,000--when
    you strip it all away, if we could learn that one lesson, most of the
    world's problems would go away. We would have peace in the Middle East
    in the month, if we could do that.
        And so I ask you to think about that. I ask you to think about it
    especially in the Middle East. We said after this national election is
    over and the Israelis organize a new government, we'd like to bring the
    parties together within 6 months to pursue a final agreement. And we are
    committed to doing that, and I know you will support that. But in the
    end, to make it work, both sides will have to remember that the
    categories are important, but they can't be the whole truth. Otherwise
    it will become a zero-sum game.
        And you know, everybody has got a beef in life. You've got a beef,
    every one of you. But most of us get out ahead of where we would if all
    we got was simply justice and no mercy. And we have--somehow we have got
    to just bang this message home in the Middle East, in the Balkans, and
    in our own homes, in our communities, in our schools.
        Yes, we must do more to deal with the problems of violence in the
    society. And I am proud of the fact that one of the legacies of this
    administration will be that we did contest with the NRA what kind of
    future we were going to have in America and whether we were going to be
    just totally irresponsible on the gun issue. I'm glad of that.
        Yes, parents should have more control and have all these blockers
    and all this stuff on the Internet to keep some of the madness away from
    their kids. Yes, that's true, too. But in the end, most kids come out
    all right because most kids have the barriers and the self-respect and
    the guidance necessary and the humility necessary to find their
    humanity, instead of drifting into madness. And we have to find that for
    the Serbs and for the brutally injured Kosovars. We have to find that
    for the people who will make the hard decisions in the Israeli
    Government and among the Palestinians. We have to find that everywhere.
        And I have found that, from the first day I met him, in the man we
    honor tonight. And I love him for it.
        Thank you very much.

    Note: The President spoke at 9:50 p.m. in the Presidential Ballroom at
    the Capitol Hilton Hotel. In his remarks, he referred to Rabbi Eric H.
    Yoffie, president, Union of American Hebrew Congregations; Richard Ben-
    Veniste, former Watergate prosecutor; Marian Wright Edelman, founder and
    president, Children's Defense Fund, and her husband, Peter, professor,
    Georgetown Law School; former Senator Howard M. Metzenbaum; Gilead
    Landsburg, whose daughter Rabbi Lynne Landsburg was injured in an auto
    accident; and Rev. Jerry Falwell, pastor, Thomas Road Baptist Church,
    Lynchburg, VA.