    [Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: William J. Clinton (1998, Book I)]
    [June 19, 1998]
    [Pages 1003-1008]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]

    Interview With Chinese Journalists
    June 19, 1998

    President's Trip to China

        Q. Mr. President, thank you very much for giving us this opportunity
    to have this interview with you before you fly to China. We're
    representing Chinese media organizations in the United States. We're
    following your visit to China very closely. We wish you success in your
    visit.
        The President. Thank you.
        Q. May I ask you the first question?
        The President. Sure.
        Q. You will be the first American President in almost 10 years to
    visit China. What do you expect from your visit to China? And how
    important it is? What kind of impact will it have on both the United
    States and China and even the world as a whole? Thank you.
        The President. Well, first of all, I hope that through my trip both
    I and the people of the United States will learn more about China--about
    the rich history, about the exciting events going on today, about the
    incredible potential for the future of the Chinese people.
        Secondly, I hope through my trip that the leaders and the people of
    China will learn more about the United States. And specifically, I hope
    that through my trip we can expand the areas of cooperation between our
    Governments and our people. I hope we can have an open and honest and
    constructive discussion about the differences we have. And I hope that
    the trip will give energy to the positive changes going on in China and
    to a better partnership between our people in the future.

    China-U.S. Partnership

        Q. Mr. President, you and President Jiang Zemin have agreed to work
    together in building a constructive strategic partnership between our
    two great nations for the 21st century. I remember this concept,
    partnership, was first raised by you during a visit to Australia a few
    years ago.
        The President. Yes.
        Q. So what was your vision then, and your vision now, for this
    concept?
        The President. Well, first of all, I think it's--let's make the big
    statement here. China is home to one-fourth of the world's people. It
    has a rapidly growing economy. It has enormous contributions to make to
    the world of the 21st century. And if I could just give some specific
    examples, I think we should be partners for stability and security in
    Asia. The Chinese recently led our five-party talks on the situation in
    South Asia as a result of the nuclear testing between--by India and
    Pakistan. That's just one example. The work we're doing to promote peace
    on the Korean Peninsula is another. The work we're doing together to try
    to promote stability and to restore growth to the economies of Asia is
    another.
        I think there are important issues in the security relationship
    between our two countries that should be a part of this partnership. I
    think

    [[Page 1004]]

    the work we're doing around the world for nonproliferation and the
    progress that we've made working with China on nonproliferation of
    dangerous weapons is important. I think the work we can do to fight
    international crime and drug trafficking is important. China borders 15
    nations and has to deal with this just as we do. I think the work that
    we do in energy and the environment is important. I think the work we do
    in science and technology is important. I think our economic partnership
    is very important; it's important that it grow and expand in ways that
    are good for the Chinese people and for the American people and help to
    stabilize the world.
        And finally, I think that it is inevitable that in the 21st century,
    where the economy is based on ideas--that's basically what the computer
    revolution is all about; that's what information technology is all
    about--that we in America have to face the challenge of making sure that
    this economy benefits all our people, because we have various levels of
    education and various levels of success in dealing with that.
        In China, I think you have the same challenge coming from a
    different direction, where the country is going through a period of
    significant change that I believe inevitably will lead to a more open
    society with more freedom of expression and more acceptance of cultural
    and religious diversity, because that will strengthen the country in a
    world where ideas dominate economic progress and political influence.
    The only way you can get that is to get the best from all your people.
    And the only way that can happen, I believe, is to observe things that
    we hold very dear: more freedom, more human rights, more political and
    civil rights.
        I note with great appreciation the intention of the Chinese
    Government to sign the Convention on Political and Civil Rights. I think
    that's a great step forward.

    Taiwan and the ``One China'' Policy

        Q. Mr. President, as we all are aware, the issue of Taiwan is the
    most important and sensitive issue in China-U.S. relations. It is
    essential for a sound and a stable development of China-U.S. relations
    that the provisions of the three Sino-U.S. joint communiques are
    strictly abided by and the Taiwan issue is properly handled. The U.S.
    Government and yourself have made explicit the commitments that the U.S.
    Government pursues a ``one China'' policy and abides by the principles
    enshrined in the above-mentioned three communiques, does not support the
    two Chinas--or one China, one Taiwan--[inaudible]--of Taiwan and
    Taiwan's entry into the United Nations and other international
    organizations of sovereign states.
        And Secretary of State, Madame Albright, reiterated these
    commitments of the U.S. Government at the press conference during her
    visit to China last April. So will you reaffirm these commitments during
    your upcoming visit to China in your discussions with President Jiang
    and in a public statement? How will the U.S. Government implement, in
    earnest, these commitments?
        The President.  Well, first of all, the answer to your question is
    that I will reaffirm those commitments. Our relationships are embodied
    in the three communiques and the Taiwan Relations Act passed by our
    Congress. And our long friendship with and economic relationships with
    the people of Taiwan clearly must be understood by them and by the
    people of China within the context of the three communiques and our
    support for the ``one China'' policy.
        And all of our decisions going forward will be made within that
    framework, so I will clearly make that statement when I'm in China to
    the Chinese leaders.

    Human Rights/Nonproliferation/Trade

        Q.  Mr. President, my question is how could the two countries work
    together to address the differences on such issues as human rights,
    nonproliferation, and China's accession to WTO and trade imbalance?
    Thank you.
        The President.  Let's take them one at a time. In the human rights
    area, I think one of the things that we hope we'll have is a resumption
    of our dialog between the two countries on human rights. I hope we will
    have some sort of an NGO forum on human rights. We have talked a lot
    with--I have talked with President Jiang and our
    people have talked with representatives in the Chinese Government about
    the prospect of having a long cooperative project on the rule of law and
    how it applies in commerce, how it applies to free speech and free
    exercise of political rights, religious rights, and things of that kind,
    and what relevance--how those things would work in the context of
    Chinese society. And I hope we will continue to work together on the
    rule of law and those issues.

    [[Page 1005]]

        On nonproliferation, frankly, I think it's worth pointing out that
    in some ways that's been the area where we've had the greatest success.
    China, in the last few years, has become a member of the Non-
    Proliferation Treaty, the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, the Chemical
    Weapons Convention. China has accepted the guidelines of the Missile
    Technology Control Regime. China has frozen--worked with us to freeze
    the North Korean nuclear program. China has agreed not to give
    assistance to the Iranian program or to support nonsafeguarded nuclear
    facilities, such as those in Pakistan.
        So there are some things we can do together to take this even
    further in the area of proliferation, and I think we will on this visit.
    I hope we will. But that is an area where we understand each other and
    we have a good way of working together and where we've got a lot of
    progress under our belt.
        On the WTO, I very much would like to see China in the WTO because
    of its--not just the population of the country but the size of the
    economy and the fact that it's growing. The WTO, like any organization,
    has to have certain rules and conditions of membership, and we're trying
    to work out the details of that.
        Obviously, we in the United States would like to have some greater
    access to the Chinese market, to have more exports. We are by far your
    largest importer, and we welcome that. Our economy is strong; we've been
    very fortunate. And we appreciate that, and we are happy to participate
    in supporting China's growth by purchasing many products from China. But
    we seek no special favors in the Chinese market. The important thing
    about the World Trade Organization is that countries which enter, in
    effect, agree not to prefer one country over another, so the United
    States seeks no special favors in the Chinese market, but we would hope
    to get some greater access.
        But I think beyond that, it's important that China become a member
    of the WTO, and I hope that can be done.

    President's Policy on China

        Q. Mr. President, some people in this country keep criticizing your
    China policy. So under such circumstances, how will you go ahead with
    China policy, and what are you going to do with the bills and the
    resolutions against China on Capitol Hill? Thank you.
        The President. Well, I think first, of all it's important for the
    Chinese people to understand that in our system there are some people
    who criticize everything I do. [Laughter] If I walked out of the White
    House and I spread my arms and I proved I could fly--[laughter]--some
    people would claim that I had done something wrong. [Laughter] So it's
    part of democracy. So a lot of this criticism is a part of it.
        One of our Founding Fathers, Benjamin Franklin, said a wise thing
    once. He said, our enemies are our friends--he said, our critics are our
    friends, because they show us our faults. So it's important when people
    criticize you to listen to their criticism, because sometimes they're
    right. You know, none of us are correct in every decision we make.
        So, with that background, however, I have to say in this case, I
    think my critics are wrong. And I believe most Americans agree with me.
    I believe most Americans want a constructive partnership with the
    Government and the people of China. I believe most Americans understand
    that we have differences now and 100 years from now we will have some
    differences, because we are different people with different cultures and
    different systems and different backgrounds.
        And I think the important thing for the Congress is to recognize
    that over the long run we must choose engagement with China, not
    isolation from China, not estrangement from China. And then once you
    make that decision, then the question is, how can you expand the areas
    of cooperation where we can agree; how shall we manage our
    disagreements; and how can we learn from one another so that we can
    build a more peaceful, more prosperous, more open world? Even my
    harshest critics would have to admit that President Jiang and I have had wonderful, stimulating, and very honest
    discussions about our differences. It seems to me that the idea that we
    should have less contact with China--with the Chinese Government and
    with the Chinese people--is just wrong.
        And I think most people agree with me. So I will continue to stick
    up for what I believe in, and I will do my best to defeat any
    legislation in the Congress that would undermine the ability of the
    Government of the United States to pursue the interests of the United
    States and the interests of the American people in developing a
    partnership with China and the Chinese people.

    [[Page 1006]]

    Science and Technology Cooperation

        Q. My question is how do you assess the 20-year-old cooperations in
    science and technology between China and the United States? And what's
    the prospect for further cooperation in the years to come and what we'll
    do with the remaining U.S. sanctions against China?
        The President. The remaining U.S. sanctions?
        Q. Yes.
        The President. Well, first of all, let's talk about the 20-year
    cooperation in science and technology. This has actually been one of the
    most successful areas of our relationship. And I think most people in
    the United States don't know much about it. And I would be surprised if
    many people in China knew a lot about it.
        But we have really had a remarkable record here. Our cooperation in
    science and technology, among other things, has led to discoveries which
    will help us to preserve the biodiversity of the planet, which is very
    important for the environment in the years ahead, as these economies
    grow. It has led to work in the area of seismology, which has increased
    the ability of both countries to predict and deal with extreme weather
    developments and other developments. China and the United States have
    both experienced earthquakes; we've both had other severe weather
    developments. Our cooperation has helped us to deal with that.
        We've actually had a lot of progress in medical areas that help us
    to deal with cancer problems. And our joint work most recently
    discovered the important role of folic acid in dealing with a health
    condition called spina bifida, which is a profound problem for some
    children in the United States, which I think is very important.
        So I think if you look to the future, when more and more scientific
    discoveries are being made every day, when very soon the mysteries of
    the human gene itself will be unlocked, when most experts predict that
    the 21st century's major breakthroughs will come in areas of biology, I
    think that this is something we should emphasize more and more, and
    because the potential benefits to all our people, and indeed to other
    people around the world, are enormous.
        On the question of the sanctions--since 1989--the sanctions are in
    several categories. One category of sanctions has already been lifted on
    nuclear transfers because of the nuclear cooperation agreement signed
    between the United States and China. There are some others which have--
    which are dealt with on a case-by-case basis--for example, when you send
    up our commercial satellites on your rockets. And so all the others, I
    think, have to be dealt with in the context of specific negotiations
    within the framework of our law.

    Visit to Shanghai

        Q. Mr. President, almost a quarter century ago, in 1972, the well-
    known Sino-U.S. joint communique was issued in Shanghai. So, during your
    trip to Shanghai this time, what will be on your major agenda, and what
    important message are you going to bring to the people of Shanghai?
    Thank you.
        The President. Well, first of all, I just want to see it--
    [laughter]--because everyone in the world now, we read constantly about
    the explosive growth of Shanghai, the vibrant life of the city, and how
    it sort of represents the future of China's economy. I want to meet
    there with people who are making the future of China. I'm going to meet
    with some young entrepreneurs. I'm going to meet with some grassroots
    active citizens from various walks of life. I'm going to meet with the
    United States and Chinese business leaders. And I'm very much looking
    forward to that.
        But my message will be that the creation of opportunity and a better
    life is something that both of us want--both countries want and our
    peoples want. And insofar as we possibly can, we should attempt to
    define a common future where everyone has a chance to live up to the
    fullest of their capacities and to live by their imagination. And I'm
    very excited about going and I think it will be quite successful.

    Advice to Youth

        Q. Mr. President, here you have a newspaper called USA Today; in
    China, we have a China news daily which is China Tomorrow. So, my
    question is, you are one of the youngest leaders in the world; what do
    you have to say to the youth of China? And also, how will your visit to
    China this time promote exchanges of the young peoples of two countries?
        The President. The first point I want to make is that the decisions
    we make today will affect young people more than any other group,
    because they have more of their lives in front of them. The young people
    of China and the young people of my country will live most of their
    lives in a new century. If medical advances

    [[Page 1007]]

    continue, some of the youngest children, the ones being born today, may
    well live to see the 22d century. [Laughter]
        And I think--it therefore is very important that these young people
    not only educate themselves for the work they will do but also learn as
    much as they can about other countries--people of different racial and
    ethnic backgrounds, people who have different faiths than they do,
    people who live in different systems--and that they seek to become not
    only responsible citizens of China but people of the world, that they
    seek to understand the world--never for the purpose of, if you will,
    escaping their own culture and background but to deepen their
    understanding.
        I find the more I learn about other people in the world, the more I
    understand my own people, my own background. And in the world of the
    21st century we will be given the opportunity to reconcile the
    differences among people by respecting those differences, but making
    common cause. And we will have the means to do it through technology,
    through travel, through open markets and economic endeavor, through
    respect for individuals' integrity and rights and freedom.
        But we also see in other countries the hazards of the future, in the
    terrible ethnic and racial and religious conflicts in Bosnia and Kosovo,
    in the Middle East, in Rwanda and Africa. And what we have to do is to
    find a way to move toward a greater harmony in which we can preserve the
    coherence of families and societies and cultures, in which we can all
    have honest differences, but in which we find common bonds of humanity
    that take the world to a higher plane. That is what the young people of
    the world should be thinking about. How can they do better than their
    parents and grandparents in moving the cause of humanity forward?
        And again I say, it is not necessary for any of us to reject our
    heritage. China has, of all the societies, perhaps the oldest and
    richest culture in history. It's not necessary at all to reject that. We
    can become more loyal to our roots, if you will, but we have to become,
    all of us, people of the world as well as people of our countries and
    cultures.

    China-U.S. Relations

        Q. Mr. President, my question is how the Sino-U.S. relations, in the
    light of your coming visit to China, will affect the regional and world
    situation, especially in the wake of the nuclear tests by India and
    Pakistan and in view of the evolving Asian financial crisis?
        The President. Well, the first point I would make is that it should
    convince everyone in China and everyone in the United States that our
    cooperation is more important than ever before, because no form of
    endeavor guarantees success. And in any system there will always be
    crises and problems and challenges. There is no--we're all human beings;
    there is no perfect problem-free way of organizing people and organizing
    our affairs.
        Therefore, if you look at what has happened in Indonesia, if you
    look at the challenges faced by other nations in Asia, if you look at
    Japan, the second largest economy in the world, struggling now with
    several years of low growth or stagnation and the present crisis, a
    financial crisis, I would say that the number one message is we have to
    work together on this.
        If you look at the security issues, the fact that the matter on the
    Korean Peninsula is still unresolved, the much larger potential for
    difficulty on the Indian subcontinent between India and Pakistan, and, I
    might say, the enormous potential for positive interaction if the
    misunderstandings and the difficulties between India and Pakistan can be
    resolved, and if China and India could reach an understanding about
    their security concerns over the long run, the potential for benefit to
    the Chinese people of having over one billion people on the Indian
    subcontinent working with them instead of wondering whether they're in
    strategic conflict with them--this is enormous.
        So for the United States--obviously we have no territorial ambitions
    in Asia whatever, but we have a great stake in the future of Asia. I
    can't imagine that any of these great challenges can be resolved unless
    the United States and China work together.

    President's Trip to China

        Q.  Yes, sir. I am from China--[inaudible]--which is the largest TV
    network in China. We have viewers of one billion. On behalf of them, I
    would like to express our warm welcome to you for your state visit to
    China.
        The President.  Thank you.
        Q. Would you please take this opportunity to say a few words to
    them, and what kind of message you will bring for them. Thank you.

    [[Page 1008]]

        The President. Well, my message is that the American people wish the
    Chinese people well. We want to know more about the China of today and
    the China of yesterday, and we want to be a big part of the China of
    tomorrow; that we are a people that in our relatively short history of
    220-plus years, have accomplished some things that we're very proud of.
    And we believe in our system of democracy and individual rights and
    liberties, from free speech to religious liberty. And we believe that
    the International Declaration of Human Rights, which the United Nations
    embraces, has something to give people everywhere.
        But we also respect the culture and the heritage of the people of
    China, and we are prepared for a long-term, strategic, constructive
    partnership. We want to expand our areas of cooperation. We want more
    Americans to visit China. We want more Chinese people to visit America.
    We want more American students to study in China, and we want more
    Chinese students to study in America. We want to find ways to resolve
    the differences between us.
        And most of all, we want to be part of constructing a world in the
    21st century where nations are proud of their culture and their heritage
    and their history, but where the borders are more open to new ideas and
    new cooperation. And that's what I hope will come out of this trip.
        You know, the United States at many times in our country's past has
    felt a special affinity to China. And we've had many Americans who have
    lived in China, doing religious work, doing charitable work, doing
    business work. We have been allies in war. We have done a lot of things
    together. And I think there is a greater feeling for the Chinese people
    in the hearts of Americans than perhaps many Chinese realize. And I hope
    that this trip will help us to continue to go forward in a new and
    better way.
        And so I hope the Chinese people will be glad that I'm coming, and I
    hope we'll be able to have a constructive trip that, as I said, looks to
    the future, expands cooperation, and finds a very open and honest way of
    expressing our differences, and exchanges ideas about what could help
    both countries deal with the challenges we face.
        Q. Thank you very much, Mr. President.
        The President. Thank you. I enjoyed this.

    Note: The interview began at 3:10 p.m. in the Roosevelt Room at the
    White House. The transcript was made available by the Office of the
    Press Secretary on June 19 but was embargoed for release until 6 p.m. on
    June 21. In his remarks, the President referred to President Jiang Zemin
    of China.