    [Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: William J. Clinton (1997, Book I)]
    [June 12, 1997]
    [Pages 725-731]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]

    Remarks to the Business Roundtable
    June 12, 1997

        Thank you very much, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you, Don, for your
    introduction and for the good work that you do and that we have tried to
    do together. I'm delighted to be joined here today by several members of
    the administration. I see Secretary Daley; Secretary Herman; our NEC
    Chair, Gene Sperling; my Presidential Adviser for Public Liaison, Maria
    Echaveste; and Mack McLarty, who is known to many of you for the many
    hats he has worn and now, among other things, is my special envoy to
    Latin America.
        I wanted to come today to talk to you, at what we all know is a very
    hopeful time, about what we have to do together to keep our economy
    growing and to prepare America for the 21st century, with the lowest
    unemployment in 24 years, the lowest inflation in 30 years, the highest
    corporate profit in more than two decades, the biggest drop in
    inequality of incomes among working people last year since the 1960's,
    and a stock market that has done reasonably well. [Laughter] We also
    have had the biggest drop in crime last year in 35 years and now 5 years
    in a row of crime going down, by far the largest drop in the welfare
    rolls ever since 1994 when it reached its all time peak. Our country is
    also leading the world again in exports and cutting edge technologies.
    And we can be forgiven if we now hope that we can make the 21st century,
    like the 20th century, another American century.
        The great credit for this remarkable economic turnaround goes
    primarily to American businesses and workers, to small businesses and
    entrepreneurs, to those on the cutting edge of research and development,
    to the responsible policies of the Federal Reserve. But I also like to
    think that our new economic policy had a little something to do with it
    as well.
        In 1993, we replaced trickle-down economics, which had quadrupled
    the Nation's debt, with invest-and-grow economics, starting with cutting
    the deficit. We cut it from $290 billion a year to what is estimated to
    be about $67 billion this year. That is a 77 percent reduction based on
    the 1993 plan. Now, with the balanced budget agreement that the
    administration has reached with the Congress, it will go to zero.
        Second, we have invested in the skills and education of our people,
    beginning to put in place a system of lifelong learning for all
    Americans, which starts with expanding Head Start and includes raising
    academic standards, opening wider the doors of college, improving job
    training for employees, and developing with the business community, in
    every State, school-to-work partnerships for those who don't go on to 4-
    year colleges or universities.
        Third, we have vigorously worked to open markets for American
    products. With NAFTA, GATT, and over 200 other hard-won trade
    agreements, our exports are at an all-time high and will be further
    advanced by the agreements recently reached in telecommunications and
    information technology. Fiscal responsibility, investing in people, free
    and fair trade, that has been our economic strategy.
        We have also tried to modernize and improve the way the Government
    works with the private sector. The Federal Government now has 300,000
    fewer people working for it than it did the day I became President in
    1993, some 16,000 fewer pages of regulations, hundreds of fewer
    Government programs but, more importantly, genuine partnerships with all
    different kinds of industries to grow the economy and preserve the
    environment and to reach other genuine and legitimate aims of the
    American people, including moving people from welfare to work and giving
    our children a greater future, things to which Don alluded.
        The results of your efforts and ours and our partnership have made
    the United States once again the envy of the world. I read the business
    magazines when they come out, and they're a long way from where they
    were in 1993, when I didn't enjoy reading them so much. Now there is a
    hyperbole contest. One says this is the best economy in 30 years;
    another says it's the best it's ever been. I don't feel the need to
    resolve that debate. [Laughter] Regardless, that's a high-class problem.
        But we know that underneath that there are other challenges facing
    us, so I came here to say I think we can keep this going. I believe we
    can do better. But it will require us to make some critical choices in
    the coming months that

    [[Page 726]]

    will determine whether we will keep to the vision and the partnership
    and the forward march that we are on, or abandon it.
        First, we have to finish the job of balancing the budget, and that
    means we have to implement this budget agreement in good faith. It will
    happen in two steps. In the beginning, there will be votes on what's
    called a reconciliation package for the multiyear spending and the
    multiyear tax cut between now and 2002. And then there must be votes on
    next year's appropriations which are faithful to the budget agreement
    and to the reconciliation package.
        It is absolutely essential for both Republicans and Democrats,
    especially those who voted for the agreement--in the House, nearly two-
    thirds of the Democrats and nearly 90 percent of the Republicans; in the
    Senate, over 80 percent of the Democrats and just over 70 percent of the
    Republicans--it carried with overwhelming bipartisan support in both
    Houses, with one party having the greater percentage in one House, the
    other in the other House--it is essential now to implement the agreement
    in good faith. It is quite specific, and ambiguous on very, very few
    points.
        If we had enough changes around the edges that some want to make,
    pretty soon we could make the edges ragged enough to unravel the fabric
    of the agreement. I do not expect that to happen. I expect it to be
    implemented. But you will see a lot of efforts, I think, in the next few
    weeks and months to get people to hold to the terms of the agreement.
    And since you support the agreement, I hope you will support the
    discipline necessary to hold to its terms.
        The second test will be whether we can make good on the critical
    need to invest in our people and especially in education and training.
    This budget contains the biggest increase in educational investment
    since the 1960's. And arguably, in making universal access to the first
    2 years of college after high school, so that it can become just as
    prevalent as a high school diploma is today, it is the biggest advance
    in opportunity for all Americans in education since the GI bill.
        In addition to that, it contains the funding necessary for us to
    conduct a national examination of all fourth graders in reading and all
    eighth graders in math according to generally accepted national
    standards in 1999. I want to again say, of all the things the Business
    Roundtable has done that I am grateful for, there is nothing that I
    appreciate more than your steadfast adherence to the cause of high
    national academic standards and the proposition that all our children
    can learn, should be expected to learn, and should be measured against
    those standards. I want to particularly thank you and thank my longtime
    friend and fellow Arkansan Brooks Robinson for going public on this, and
    thank you for mobilizing other baseball players and getting the Orioles
    involved. Stay with this.
        Even though we just this week had evidence that our fourth graders
    rank well above the national average in the Third International Math and
    Science Test, there are States that are reluctant to participate, and it
    is wrong. It is wrong to pretend that this is some sort of a Government
    plot to take over the schools, which it isn't, or that somehow math is
    different in Washington State than it is in Maine and that physics is
    different in Miami than it is in Montana. That is not true. And we, and
    you especially, have an interest in our hanging tough on this.
        So we can do it. Already, since I called for this in the State of
    the Union, we have education leaders in States reflecting about--now
    over 20 percent of the school students in our country willing to
    participate, but we ought not to stop until we have 100 percent. And I
    thank you for your support of that.
        And let me finally say just one more word about the budget
    agreement. The budget agreement has a unique provision for tax relief,
    and I think that the amount can be afforded. And the framework of the
    tax relief is set out in the budget agreement. For me, the tax package
    that they will send to my desk should meet five tests. One, and most
    important, it's got to be faithful to the agreement; if you want to know
    what it can do, just read the agreement. Second, it should help the
    economy grow. Third, it should be fair to working families. Fourth, it
    should target our top priority of education. And finally, it should not
    explode the deficit in later years and make it more difficult to meet
    the fiscal challenges we will face as the baby boom nears retirement.
        Now, the amount fixed in the agreement was $85 billion in the first
    year--first 5 years, and a little less than twice that in the second 5
    years, which allows for natural growth. In the 10-year window that we
    have agreed to, this is--to give you some perspective--will provide for
    a lot of possibilities, but it's about one-tenth

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    the total cost of the 1981 tax cut, much of which, as you'll remember,
    had to be undone in 1982 and then in subsequent years because of what
    happened to the deficit. We don't want to go down that road again, so
    there are strict limits.
        Within these limits, I favor tax relief to help families raise their
    children and send them to college, to pay for lifetime learning, to own
    a home. I could support a pro-growth capital gains tax relief package,
    along with some help to ease the burdens of estate taxes on small
    businesses and family farms, as long as these tax relief measures are
    consistent with the budget agreement and especially consistent not only
    with the 5-year time window but the 10-year time window. We are trying
    to balance the budget over a long period of time, not just have it
    balanced in one year and have it bump up again the next year and leave
    our successors here another set of headaches.
        Now, from my point of view, the tax package revealed by the
    Republicans in the House Ways and Means Committee does not meet all
    those standards. One of the biggest challenges Americans have today--and
    you know this, all your employees do, even upper income people--is
    balancing the demands of work and family, raising a child, and doing
    your job. I believe the package that was revealed this week by the House
    committee would make that job more difficult for millions of Americans
    for the following reasons.
        First, it explicitly excludes 4 million of our hardest pressed
    families from receiving the child tax credit. I think that's a mistake
    because their incomes are so modest, they qualify for the earned-income
    tax credit under present tax law. Another provision actually penalizes
    families with working mothers by saying that parents who receive tax
    relief for child care under present tax law will have their children's
    tax credit cut. I think that is wrong. I don't think that we should
    single out working families who need child care for less tax relief. I
    cannot let that provision stand. And since a lot of you employ members
    of those working families, I hope you will stand with me on that in
    opposing it.
        Nonetheless, let me say that, on balance, I think good things are
    happening. It is bound to be that in the beginning of this skirmish
    there will be a lot of particular proposals made that are inconsistent
    with the budget agreement. Why? Because the budget agreement, while it
    was voted on by the whole Congress, was developed by just a few people.
    And I would dare say that not everybody who voted on it has read every
    word of it.
        So don't get too upset or distracted or think that things are
    hopeless if we get into a big fight here over an issue or two, because
    it's part of the inevitable process of going from the terms of the
    budget agreement to the specifics of a reconciliation package and then
    to the even more specific appropriation bills that will have to pass
    later in the year.
        The third big test, after our investment priorities and balancing
    the budget, is whether we will continue to lead the world in trade. I
    have to say that it is somewhat mysterious to me that we seem to have,
    if anything, even more opposition to expanding trade in 1997 than we did
    when we had the critical vote in 1993 and then again on GATT in 1994,
    when we have more evidence that our policy works.
        With the 200 trade agreements that were negotiated in the first 4
    years I was President went along over 12 million new jobs, the first
    time in history one 4-year term ever saw the American people produce
    over 12 million new jobs. The unemployment rate is at 4.8 percent for
    the fist time in 24 years, since 1973. And in the last 2 years, more
    than half of the new jobs created in this country have been in
    categories that pay wages above the average. We know that trade-related
    jobs pay above the average. So it's not like we don't have any evidence
    here.
        Yet, in the face of all this evidence, it appears to me that there
    are some people--in both parties, I might say--who are afraid to give
    the President the same authority that every President since Gerald Ford
    has had to negotiate fast-track agreements, not just with specific
    countries but within the framework of the general trade regimes of which
    we're a part.
        I do not believe we have anything to fear from more trade with
    Chile. I do not believe we have anything to fear from more trade with
    Argentina and Brazil. I believe we would be making a terrible political
    as well as a terrible economic mistake to walk away from the democratic
    and free market movement that is sweeping the world and especially our
    neighbors in South America, who have known so much heartache in the past
    from oppression and poverty and have given us a lot of heartburn in the

    [[Page 728]]

    20th century, growing out of the governments they had and the suffering
    of their own people. Now we have a chance to solidify a much more
    positive movement, and we know it is good for us because we have the
    evidence. So I hope that you will help us win the fast-track vote.
        I also know that there is, if anything, even more at least emotional
    opposition to the extension of MFN to China. You know what a lot of our
    fellow country men and women don't, which is that MFN is the most
    wrongly worded term in Government language. And that's a mouthful.
    [Laughter] We do not seek any special favors for China. We seek simply
    to continue the status quo, treating them as we do other normal trading
    partners. We believe that it will help us to maintain a stable, open,
    and peaceful China. We believe that our interest is having a China that
    is not only stable and open but one that is nonaggressive, that respects
    human rights, works to strengthen the rule of law, and works with us to
    build a more secure international order.
        Now, we have great disagreements with China. The question is, can we
    influence China best by treating them differently from all of our other
    trading partners for the first time in a very long time, or can we
    influence them more by giving the possibility of genuine partnership?
        Every President since 1980 has extended MFN to China. Ending that
    would end our strategic dialog, which has led to cooperation on nuclear
    nonproliferation issues, to stability on the Korean Peninsula, to the
    protection of American intellectual property rights. All of that
    cooperation would go by the boards. It would close one of the world's
    largest markets to our people and our businesses and our exports. It
    could put in danger some 170,000 American jobs today. It would make
    China more isolated and remove incentives to play by the rules of
    international conduct.
        Revoking normal trade treatment would have grave consequences
    especially now, I'm afraid, as we stand on the eve of Hong Kong's
    reversion. In 1984, Great Britain and China made an agreement about the
    terms under which Hong Kong would revert and asked the United States,
    when President Reagan held this office, to bless the agreement. The
    United States did that. We expect the agreement to be honored: one
    China, two systems. We think it should be. Ending MFN now would shatter
    any claim to influence we have on that important subject.
        Half of all China's trade flows through Hong Kong. Revocation would
    have a more devastating effect on Hong Kong probably than China as a
    whole. All the political leaders in Hong Kong across the political
    spectrum, including the most ardent human rights and democracy
    advocates, have implored us to continue MFN with China and not to revoke
    it.
        So what I say to you and what I know you agree with, but I hope you
    will say to Members of Congress in both parties, is that this is not
    about whether we agree with China on every issue; it's not about whether
    we have profound disagreements with them; it is about what is the
    interest of the American people and what is most likely to give us the
    largest amount of influence and cooperation with China in the years
    ahead.
        We have to continue to speak out for human rights, and we have, and
    we will. We have worked with the U.N. Human Rights Commission in Geneva.
    Our State Department issues unvarnished annual reports. We meet with
    China's leaders on human rights initiatives. We talk about expanding
    Radio Free Asia's broadcast to China in Mandarin. And all of us have to
    do more on these important issues.
        We have supported and will continue to support programs to advance
    civil society and the rule of law in China. And I ask America's business
    community to join with us to contribute to programs that will support
    the rule of law in China and in other countries where it is desperately
    needed. We need more educational exchanges, more training centers for
    lawyers and judges, more support for those who stand against corruption.
    You have great interest in rules that are predictable and consistent. It
    will help democratic society eventually to emerge and serve our values
    as well as our interests. But we cannot do it, I would argue, if we cut
    off our relations with China in trade.
        The road ahead may not be entirely uniform and will be unpredictable
    and will be rough, but you can disagree with people and still do
    business with them, knowing that if you're talking to them and working
    with them, the incentives not to go over the edge to truly destructive
    behavior and a more isolated world are always there. That is what I
    believe is in the interests of the American people.

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        I would point out, too, that I have been heartened by the growing
    support among religious leaders in the United States for continuation of
    MFN status based on the ability of people in China of different
    religious faiths to practice their religion. So we're broadening the
    support. But again I ask you, please help us with this. There are a lot
    of people of great and genuine conviction on the other side of this
    issue, but I think the evidence is on our side and I hope we can
    prevail.
        Let me say, finally, that there are a few other things that I think
    we have to do beyond these three issues of finishing the work of the
    budget, investing in our people, and expanding trade. This moment of
    prosperity and stability has given us an opportunity to work together to
    repair our social fabric, to join together to face those issues which,
    if we don't face them, could flare into crises and keep us from becoming
    the nation we ought to be in the new century.
        And let me just mention a few. You were kind enough to mention the
    Summit of Service that President Bush, President Carter, Mrs. Reagan,
    and General Powell and I and others sponsored in Philadelphia. One of
    the things we have to do if we want to give our children a better future
    is to help their parents be gainfully employed. We were able to reduce
    the welfare rolls dramatically because of a growing economy and because
    of work we did with States before the passage of the welfare reform bill
    to help them move people from welfare to work.
        Now, this welfare reform bill did two things. It required people on
    welfare who are able-bodied to move from welfare to work within a
    certain amount of time, and it gave the States, in a block grant, funds
    that used to be spent in a Federal entitlement so that they would have
    more flexibility to create incentives for people to move from welfare to
    work.
        Forty of our States now have a windfall there because they're
    getting money based on how much they got when the welfare rolls were at
    their peak, and there has been a 20-percent-plus drop in the welfare
    rolls in the last 3 years. I urge you, in all the States that you're
    working in, to get the Governors, to get the legislators to work with
    the business community to spend that money in ways that, with your
    efforts, can move a million more people from welfare to work in the next
    4 years.
        We moved a million people in the last 4 when we were creating 12
    million jobs. That had never been done before, the 12 million jobs;
    neither had the million people. Under the terms of this welfare reform
    law, whether we create 12 million jobs or not in the private sector, we
    have to move nearly another million people. We have got to have your
    help. But the States have the power to do things like give employers the
    welfare check for a year or two to use as an employment and training
    subsidy for people that are especially hard to place, to spend even more
    money on child care, to spend money on education and training.
        So I implore you to help us do this. It will be a terrible thing if,
    having called for welfare reform and personal responsibility, the end of
    it is to wind up hurting poor people. That was never what was intended.
    The children should not suffer in this. And you are going to have to
    take the lead in helping to do this.
        The second thing I'd like to say is, we have to--now having faced
    the structural budget deficit in the country, we have to deal with the
    generational deficit. That means we have to have long-term entitlement
    reform to face the realities of the baby boom generation retiring. And I
    will be--as soon as we get the budget out of the way, I'll be working
    with the bipartisan leadership in Congress on an approach to that, and I
    ask for your support.
        It also means that we have to fulfill the mission of the
    Philadelphia summit, with the public and the private sectors doing their
    jobs. Remember what the Philadelphia summit was about: Every child ought
    to have a safe place to grow up, decent health care, a good education
    and marketable skills, a mentor, and the chance to serve.
        And we live in a country where 11 percent of the people over 65 are
    poor, but 20 percent-plus of the people under 18 are. And we cannot do
    well unless we do better by our children. So this intergenerational
    thing is about entitlement reform, but it's also about giving our kids a
    better chance.
        The third issue--the one I'm going to speak about in San Diego in a
    couple of days--and that is the challenge presented to us as we become
    the world's first truly multiracial democracy. We have 5 school
    districts in America today with kids from over 100 different racial and
    ethnic groups--5. We'll soon have 12.

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        We have--we all know this--but my Baptist minister from Arkansas
    came up to see me during the Inaugural, and he told me he had a cousin
    who had a Baptist church across the river here in Virginia that now has
    a Korean mission and runs English-as-a-second-language classes out of
    the church. There are thousands of stories like this.
        And yet we know that there are still dramatically different
    perceptions among different racial and ethnic groups, starting with the
    historic tensions that have existed between African-Americans and whites
    in the country and layered on by the successive waves of immigrants,
    that pose great challenges to us.
        When you look at how the world is being torn asunder in the Middle
    East, in Bosnia, in Northern Ireland and Africa by people who would
    rather kill each other over their differences than celebrate what they
    share, you realize that what we are trying to do here is truly
    astonishing.
        Within the decade, more than one State in America will have no
    majority race--within the decade. Within three decades, the whole
    country will almost have no majority race. We are going to test whether
    what we always say about America is true, that we are basically a
    country founded on an idea. It's not about land. It's not about race or
    ethnic origin. It's about the idea that all of us are created equal. And
    that means, among other things, we have to deal with both the
    perceptions and the reality. And I don't want to get into this except to
    say that I hope that all of you are concerned by the consequences of the
    wholesale abolition of affirmative action on enrollment in higher
    education that we've seen in California and Texas. And I know a lot of
    employers at large companies have led the way in trying to preserve a
    sensible form of affirmative action. So I ask you to consider that,
    because this is not just the President and the Government. All of us are
    the stewards of whether we can become one America in the 21st century.
        Finally, let me say on an issue that I know is a concern to some of
    you because I read your ad in the paper--[laughter]--I think that we
    have to prove that we can grow the economy while not only preserving but
    actually enhancing the environment. And I believe most of you think we
    can do that. And I think the message you were trying to get across in
    the ad is, don't wreck the economy without knowing what you're doing. I
    understand that.
        But let me say, I was very moved by the speech recently given by the
    chairman of British Petroleum on the issue of climate change. I don't
    know how many of you read it, but essentially what he said is, look,
    nobody knows exactly what the impact of climate change is, but let's not
    deny anymore that the climate is changing and that it can't be good and
    that no harm will be done if we take sensible steps to try to reduce
    greenhouse gas emissions and to do other things which will help us to
    preserve the environment.
        We've had more extreme weather conditions in the United States in
    the last 5 years than we had in the previous 30. And we know from all
    the scientific studies what is happening to the temperature of the
    globe. What I ask you to do is to work with me in good faith to give our
    children a world worth living in.
        A lot of you have made a good deal of money in your corporations by
    technologies which improve the environment. And if we have the strongest
    economy in the world, we will find a sensible way to grow that economy
    in a way that fulfills our responsibilities.
        Today, with 4 percent of the world's population, we produce over 20
    percent of the greenhouse gases. We're up 13 percent since 1990 when
    President Bush and his administration said we would try to hold constant
    through the year 2000.
        I had an interesting conversation with Jiang Zemin in New York about
    a year ago, when he said, ``I don't want you to have a containment
    policy toward China.'' I said, I'm not sure--I said, ``I don't want to
    have a containment policy toward China.'' I said, ``My biggest worry
    about you is that you'll get rich the same way we did. And if you do
    that, you might burn the air up because you've got 1.2 billion people.''
    And we need to find an environmentally responsible way for China to
    grow.
        So I ask you to join with us in partnership. There is no secret
    plan; there is no scheme here to try to put thousands of Americans out
    of business. I have devoted my passion and the best ideas I could come
    up with to try to get this country in good shape economically and
    socially. But I do believe it is folly for us to believe that we can go
    into the next century without a strategy that says we're going to be
    responsible and we're going to do our part and

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    lead the world on the environmental issues--because we all know what the
    evidence is. We don't know what the consequences are, and we don't want
    to go off and do something that we're not sure makes sense. But we can
    do this. We can do it together. We can do it in a way that makes sense.
         And I ask you not to ever ask us to back away from that but instead
    join hands with us and do what we've done for the last 4\1/2\ years.
    Let's find a way to preserve the environment, to meet our international
    responsibilities, to meet our responsibilities to our children, and grow
    the economy at the same time. I know we can do it. Look at the evidence
    of the last 4 years. We can do anything if we put our minds to it.
        Thank you very much.

    Note: The President spoke at 4:37 p.m. in the ballroom at the J.W.
    Marriott Hotel. In his remarks, he referred to Donald V. Fites,
    chairman, Business Roundtable; Gen. Colin L. Powell, USA (ret.),
    chairman, America's Promise--the Alliance for Youth; John Browne, group
    chief executive, British Petroleum Co., p.l.c.; and President Jiang
    Zemin of China. Following his remarks, the President presented a
    birthday cake to former President George Bush.