[Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: William J. Clinton (1996, Book II)]
[September 25, 1996]
[Pages 1656-1663]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]



Remarks at Robert Morris College in Coraopolis, Pennsylvania
September 25, 1996

    Thank you so much. Thank you, Secretary Rubin. First let me start 
with first things first. Thank all of you for showing up and thank you 
for your enthusiasm and your warm welcome. It's good to be back in 
western Pennsylvania. Thank you.
    Thank you, Secretary Rubin, for your great leadership on economic 
policy and for your remarks here today. Thank you, Congressman Frank 
Mascara, for representing the people of western Pennsylvania so well and 
for being what we need more of in Washington, a genuine gentleman and an 
honest public servant who really cares about the people here. Thank you 
very much.
    Thank you, Tony Gliozzo, for your fine remarks. I wish you well. I'd 
let you be President if you'd let me be 22 again. [Laughter] I'd take my 
chances. [Laughter] I was talking to Tony about his studies here at 
Robert Morris, his career ambitions. Every time I have a chance to meet 
with young people in America it reinforces my faith about our future, 
and I thank you for being up here with us today.
    I'm delighted to be joined by Pittsburgh Mayor Tom Murphy and 
Allegheny County Commissioner Mike Dawida. Thank you both for being 
here. And there are a lot of others here--I don't want to get into a 
name-calling contest even in a positive way, but I want to thank my good 
friend, the former mayor of Pittsburgh, Sophie Maslaw, for being here; 
and George Becker, the president of the United Steelworkers, thank you, 
George, for being here. Ron DiNicola is here. I thank you all for being 
here. And Dr. Nicholson, thank you for welcoming us to Robert Morris, 
sir. We're delighted to be here.

[[Page 1657]]

    I never had a bad day in western Pennsylvania. I always love coming 
here. But I know that for many people this is a sad day in the 
Pittsburgh area because Jim Leyland is managing his last home game for 
the Pirates today. And after 11 years and three division championships, 
a man who worked hard and never tried to grab the credit, and built a 
quiet reputation as one of the best people in baseball, let me just say 
I admire him, and I wish him the best. And I know all of you do, too.
    As has already been said by Tony, Robert Morris was one of the most 
important financiers of our American Revolution. He was the first budget 
balancer, also. He actually resigned from the Continental Congress in 
1778 because he thought they were printing too much worthless money. And 
because of his own economic achievements, he was really one of the 
founders of the remarkable American economy, which has sustained us and 
become the envy of the world over 220 years.
    All of you here who are students and teachers and who work in other 
ways at Robert Morris are carrying on that spirit by studying business 
and working hard to prepare yourselves for the remarkable opportunities 
of the 21st century.
    Today I want to talk to you for a few minutes about the subject that 
Secretary Rubin mentioned, how we can provide greater opportunities for 
Americans to save, to increase investment growth and personal security. 
And I want to do it in the context of how we can build a bridge to the 
21st century with a strong American economy that every person who is 
willing to work hard has a fair chance to participate in and to benefit 
from.
    Four years ago, just before the Presidential election, I came to 
Pittsburgh, just about 4 days before the election, and said that I had 
entered that campaign because, and I'd like to quote, ``I didn't want my 
daughter to grow up to be part of the first generation of Americans to 
do worse than her parents, because I knew we could do better with more 
opportunity and more responsibility and a stronger American community.'' 
Well, today I'm here to tell you that I'm not worried about that anymore 
because America is on the right track and our children are going to do 
better.
    Four years ago our economy was stalled: New job growth was the 
slowest since the Depression, wages had been stagnant for half the work 
force for nearly two decades, our working people were becoming more 
divided economically, the deficit was at an all-time high, the debt had 
been quadrupled, cynicism was rising, our people were working harder and 
harder just to keep up. I was determined to give us a new direction.
    We put in place the comprehensive economic strategy that Secretary 
Rubin discussed. It was, quite simply: cut the deficit, open more 
markets to American goods and services and investment, invest in 
education, invest in new technologies and research, protect the 
environment in a way that grows the economy and creates the 
opportunities of tomorrow. And do it in a way that keeps the American 
people coming together, not drifting apart.
    Now, we are moving in the right direction. Unemployment has been cut 
by a third; it's the lowest it's been in 7\1/2\ years. The combined 
rates of unemployment, inflation, and mortgages are the lowest in 28 
years. Our economy has produced 10\1/2\ million new jobs, about 200,000 
of them, just under 200,000 here in Pennsylvania. Our auto industry 
leads the world again, producing and selling more cars than Japanese 
automakers for the first time since the 1970's, something I'm proud of.
    In each of the last 3 years--we don't have the '96 figures yet, but 
in '93, '94, and '95, we set new records in the exports of American 
products and new records in the formation of new small businesses. Now 8 
million businesses are owned by women in America, an all-time high.
    Homeownership is at a 15-year high. And in the industries that will 
dominate the new century, from semiconductors to airlines, America is 
leading the way. Of the new jobs created in the last 3\1/2\ years, more 
than half of them are in high-wage industries. That also breaks a 
pattern of the recent past; more of our new jobs are good jobs. And 
after falling for a decade, real hourly wages, the thing that shows up 
in the paycheck of the average worker--those wages are finally starting 
to rise again.
    In addition to that, inflation in health care costs is finally 
coming down, nearer the rate of inflation of the economy as a whole. 
Last year it was just under 4 percent, a 23-year low. This year in the 
first 6 months, it's running at about 2 percent per year and could 
actually finish below the overall rate of inflation for the first time 
in anyone's memory.

[[Page 1658]]

    So I say to you the country is moving in the right direction. But 
Pittsburgh and America's industrial heartland are also rebuilding. Over 
the past 4 years, the unemployment rate has dropped by a third, to 5 
percent, slightly under the national average. Today, 2,400 high-tech 
companies employ over 90,000 people in the Pittsburgh area. Thousands of 
more manufacturing companies use high-tech and employee creativity to 
make old products in new ways. With specialty steel, biotech computer 
software, and environmental technologies, Pittsburgh will be the heart 
of America's 21st century economy.
    Now, it pleases me greatly to see our country and this community and 
this area moving on the right track to the 21st century with confidence 
and conviction. But there is more to do, and we must press forward. We 
can do better, and we must if we want to give all Americans who are 
willing to work for it the chance to benefit from economic opportunity 
and if we want to grow faster so that living standards can keep rising 
again after being stagnant for nearly 20 years for too many of our 
fellow Americans.
    What else can we do? Well, let's take first things first. You heard 
what Secretary Rubin said. More than ever before, the private sector is 
the engine of economic growth. I am very proud that 93 percent of the 
new jobs created in America in the last 4 years have been in the private 
sector. That is the highest percentage in a very long time. I am proud 
of that.
    We've downsized the Government by about 250,000. It's the smallest 
it's been now since John Kennedy was President. As a percentage of the 
civilian work force, your Federal Government is the smallest it's been 
since 1933 when Franklin Roosevelt took the oath of office. We have not 
done this with big Government programs; we've done it with targeted, 
strategic policies working with the private sector to grow this economy. 
And we have to continue.
    You heard what Secretary Rubin said about the conditions of growth. 
When we cut the deficit by 60 percent--and I might add, this will be the 
first time that an administration has cut the deficit in all 4 years of 
its term since John Tyler was President of the United States in the 
1840's, before the Civil War.
    For all of you here who have been so supportive of me, I have to 
tell you, the bad news is John Tyler was not reelected. [Laughter] But 
it was still a good thing that he did. And it's too bad it took 150 
years to do it again. I'm determined to keep going until we balance the 
budget and do it in the right way.
    Now, I want to take just a minute to talk about this because I have 
to tell you, back in Washington, where political consultants tell 
politicians what will or won't sell out in the country, every political 
consultant says, ``Don't talk about balancing the budget. It only works 
when the economy is bad. When people think the economy is good, 
balancing the budget is boring. Nobody wants to hear about it.''
    But you have to understand, the economy is better because we cut the 
deficit, which meant the Government borrowed less, which meant you could 
borrow more at lower interest rates. And we have to keep trying to 
balance the budget so that we can keep interest rates down on home 
mortgages, car loans, credit card payments, and most importantly, on 
business loans so business can afford to invest, to create new jobs, to 
create greater productivity, to strengthen the pay, the security, the 
incomes, and the future of their workers and their families. That is 
what is at issue here.
    We now would have a balanced budget for the last 2 years, indeed, we 
would have a surplus today if it weren't for the interest we are paying 
on only the debt run up in the 12 years before I took office. We had a 
radical departure from America's history of fiscal responsibility in 
those 12 years. And we quadrupled the national debt. My senior Senator 
from Arkansas, where I'm from, Dale Bumpers, said, ``Well, you can 
understand that. You can have a good time on $200 billion worth of hot 
checks. But sooner or later the bills come due.''
    And the bills came due to us in higher interest rates, slower 
growth, stagnant wages. And we paid and we paid and we paid. So by 
bringing the deficit down in a dramatic and sustained way, we were able 
to get interest rates down, which put money directly back in the pockets 
of ordinary Americans and enabled us to grow more rapidly and grow 
together more. That's why I say we have to finish the job, because we 
want to keep the interest rates down and we want to have growth without 
inflation.
    But we have to do it in the right way. We actually have some 
fundamental responsibilities as a nation that we can best meet together. 
That's the Government's role and our partnership. Yes, we have to make 
sure that we extend the life of the Medicare Trust Fund. I agree with 
that and I have proposed savings to achieve

[[Page 1659]]

that. But we should not break up Medicare, turn it into a second-class 
system, treat the oldest, the poorest, and the most ill of our senior 
citizens in an unfair way. The Medicare program has the lowest 
administrative costs of any insurance program, health insurance program, 
in the United States, public or private. It works well and we should not 
destroy it.
    We should not, in my view, endanger the national commitment we made 
30 years ago to provide health care not only to poor but largely to 
middle class families through the Medicaid program, helping seniors into 
nursing homes, helping poor pregnant women and poor little children, and 
among the most important things, helping families who have family 
members with disabilities to keep working and care for their family 
members with disabilities so that they could go together and maintain a 
middle class lifestyle. I believe that would be a mistake, and it's not 
necessary to balance the budget.
    I also don't think we should sacrifice our future. We shouldn't cut 
our investments in education, in environmental protection, in research 
and technology. We need more investments in research and technology. But 
we can balance the budget and still continue to invest an appropriate 
amount there.
    We can also balance the budget and have a tax cut, but it has to be 
one that is paid for line by line and dime by dime. We heard before--
that's how we got into this mess--we heard before that we would grow our 
way into paying for a tax cut that no one thought we could grow our way 
into paying for. Now, the tax cut that I have proposed is a targeted tax 
cut for families that need it, for child-rearing, for education, for 
health care costs, for homebuying and for selling a home without having 
to pay taxes on the gain from the sale, a $500-per-child tax credit, 
individual retirement accounts you can withdraw from without penalty for 
education, health costs, and first-time homebuying, a capital gains 
exemption for $500,000 on the gain of a sale of a home, and that goes 
with what we have already done, which is to double the earned-income tax 
credit for lower-income working people. It's worth about $1,000 in lower 
taxes today than would have been the case in 1993 for a family of four 
with an income of $28,000 a year or less. It was a big tax cut for about 
15 million American families.
    We made a hundred percent of the small businesses in this country 
eligible for a tax cut if they invest more money in their business by 
taking the expensing provision from $10,000 to $25,000 a year. We made 
the self-employed people who buy their own health insurance eligible for 
a tax cut by taking the premium deductibility from 30--we're moving it 
up to 80 percent of the cost of their premiums. And we had a small 
business capital gains investment: If you invest in a new or growing 
small business and hold the investment for 5 years, you only owe half 
the normal tax rate.
    So these things together, every one of them, is paid for in the 
context of a balanced budget. And I will say again, I believe it is 
imperative, we dare not go back to telling people we can give them 
something that cannot be paid for. It may be popular, but it isn't the 
right thing to do. We ought to have those things that we know we can pay 
for in the context of keeping the interest rates down.
    That's the big difference in me and my opponent and those who 
support the $550-billion across-the-board big tax cut with no idea how 
it's going to be paid for. I can tell you how it will have to be paid 
for. Ask the Congressman; don't take my word for it. Ask the Secretary 
of the Treasury. It will be paid for in two ways. One is, we'll have 
even bigger cuts in Medicaid, Medicare, education, and the environment 
than the ones I vetoed, and it still won't be enough to pay for, so the 
deficit will go up anyway, and that means interest rates will go up.
    Last year, a Republican economist put out a paper I agree with--I 
agree with. Just last year they said if we did not have a plan to move 
toward a balanced budget that was credible in the financial markets it 
would add 2 percent to the interest rates of every American family and 
every American business. That's what they said, not me. So you can go 
home and figure it out. How would it affect you if your credit card 
payment, your home mortgage payment, your car payment went up 2 percent? 
Even worse, how would it affect this area after we have worked so hard 
to finally come out of the devastation of the collapse of the old 
economy here and to build a new economy if all business loans were 2 
percent more expensive.
    What would that do to the creation of new jobs? What would it do to 
Mr. Becker's steel worker members attempting to maintain their

[[Page 1660]]

lifestyle, their wages, their health care benefits, their retirement, to 
be productive in a hotly contested global economy for steel? We cannot 
do that. We dare not do that.
    So I ask you again to say, let's balance the budget. That's the 
first thing. Let's do it in a way that maintains our common obligations, 
and let's have a tax cut, but only let's have a tax cut we can pay for 
that will grow the economy and support strong families, targeted to 
childrearing, to education, to the essentials of family life, including 
health care costs and homebuying. That will make America stronger, it 
will grow the economy faster and keep us moving in the right direction.
    Let me just mention two other things. We have to continue to work to 
open more markets to America's products and services. Exports have 
surged by one-third in the last 3 years to a record level, but this is 
now the most productive economy in the world, and there are still too 
many markets that are closed to us, while we have the most open market 
in the world. We have made over 200 separate trade agreements, 21 with 
Japan.
    If you think those things don't matter, let me just give you one 
statistic. In the 21 areas where we have actually made trade agreements 
with Japan, our exports have gone up by 85 percent in 3 years. We need 
more of that. We have to open these markets around the world to the work 
being done here in western Pennsylvania by our people.
    The third thing we have to do, I want to emphasize it again, is we 
have to continue to stay on the cutting edge of change. You should 
support an investment of an appropriate amount of your tax dollars in 
research and technology, because that is the key to our future. Let me 
give you some examples that I think you can all identify with.
    The human genome project at the National Institutes of Health, also 
being supported in universities all across America, will one day in the 
not-too-distant future enable every set of parents that has a little 
baby to get a map of the genetic structure of their child. So if their 
child has a predisposition to a certain kind of illness or a certain 
kind of problem, or even to heart disease or stroke in the early 
forties, they will be able to plan that child's life, that child's 
upbringing to minimize the possibility of the child developing that 
illness or that predisposition, to organize the diet plan, the exercise 
plan, the medical treatment that would enable untold numbers of people 
to have far more full lives than would have been the case before. It 
will also create huge numbers of new, fascinating, high-wage jobs that 
have not even been invented yet for people like the young people who go 
to Robert Morris.
    Example number two, closer to the present day. Medical research, 
funding new medicines, and a dramatic speeding-up of the approval of the 
drug process at the FDA have led to a more than doubling of the life 
expectancy of people with HIV in only 4 years--more than doubling the 
life expectancy of people with HIV and AIDS in just 4 years.
    Example 3. A lot of you heard Christopher Reeve speak at the 
Democratic Convention, and he talked about more research. He said we 
need more research. Just a few days before he spoke, for the first time 
ever, a laboratory animal with a severed spine had movement in its lower 
limbs because of nerve transplants. This had never been done before. We 
are moving in the right direction. That can change the future of 
America.
    I'll just give you one last example, because it always knocks people 
out. We just signed a joint project with IBM and the Federal Government 
to produce a supercomputer in the next couple of years that will do more 
calculations in one second than you can go home and do on your hand-held 
calculator in 30,000 years.
    I say it to make this point: Every time an election comes around, 
somebody will say, ``Well, this is all your money.'' It is all your 
money, but you can't invest in that kind of supercomputer by yourself, 
and even businesses, individually, can't afford to do that. These are 
things societies must do together in common, making common commitments. 
And it's good for you that we're doing this. It will open up new 
frontiers of health and quality of life, it will open new frontiers of 
human knowledge, and we will be thrilled by what we learn.
    We're sending this robotic mission to Mars, two of them, by the end 
of the year. I can tell you that our space program, every single year, 
is reaping untold benefits in what we are learning about the technology 
to deal with our environmental problems here on Earth and what we're 
learning from the weightlessness of human bodies about how to deal with 
health care challenges. So this is an important part of our economic 
strategy for the future.

[[Page 1661]]

    We also have to give families a way of dealing with all of these 
changes. You know, people's job security is different than it used to 
be. And since more and more people are being employed by small 
businesses and the pension plans are changing--more of them, from 
defined benefits into the future to specific contribution requirements--
and since more and more people are--in the last 10 years have been 
employed in businesses where they didn't have guaranteed health plans, 
if you think about what it takes to succeed at home and succeed at work, 
we need to create a work environment where working people who are 
productive have access to affordable health care and access to a good 
retirement program, and they can carry those things with them when they 
move from job to job if they have to move from job to job. And they need 
the ability to get educated for a lifetime. That is also very important.
    We just passed the Kennedy-Kassebaum bill in Washington which makes 
25 million Americans more eligible for health care by saying that you 
can't be denied health insurance anymore when you move from job to job, 
or just because somebody in your family has been sick; that's what 
insurance is for in the first place. That's a huge improvement.
    This week, Congress is passing legislation to guarantee at least 48 
hours in the hospital for new mothers and their babies--big issue. Our 
balanced budget plan contains a provision paid for in the balanced 
budget to help people keep their health insurance for six months when 
they're between jobs. That could help up to 700,000 kids a year--5 
million Americans are changing jobs, all the time, at any given time. 
It's an important issue.
    Next week, actually Tuesday, to be precise, 10 millions of hard-
working Americans will get a pay raise when the minimum wage law goes 
into effect. Something that isn't quite as well known is that we also, 
in that bill, passed most of the pension provisions that were sought by 
the White House Conference on Small Business and the American small 
business community which will make it much easier for small businesses 
and self-employed people to take out pensions and for small businesses 
to take out pension plans for themselves and their employees, and then 
for people to move them seamlessly when they move from job to job. 
Secretary Rubin's done a lot of work on that. That's a big deal for 
people who work in small business and who need it; it's very, very 
important.
    One last thing that I've not succeeded in passing in 4 years, but 
I'm going to keep banging away at it until someday I find a Congress 
that likes the idea as much as I do--we have today in America a 
wonderful network of training. We have good vocational schools; we have 
good specialty schools; we have a world-class network of community 
colleges; we have good general universities; we have great colleges like 
Robert Morris that specialize in certain things. This is an incredible 
thing we have, this resource.
    And when people need it, they're smart enough to figure out what 
they need, I believe. That's the reason these institutions are open. If 
nobody had enough sense to come to them, they would shut down, right? I 
mean, by definition, our people--they figure out what's best for them.
    Well, over time, we have developed 70 or more separate specific 
Federal job training programs that were all passed for the best of 
motives. They all really had a good purpose. But now, they're just 
different programs in different categories. And for 4 years, I have been 
trying, and I'm going to keep trying, to get Congress to get rid of all 
of these separate categories of programs and create a simple ``G.I. 
bill'' for America's workers, and say to people, if you lose your job 
and you need new training to get a new job and a better one, or if 
you're grossly underemployed and you're eligible because you're 
underemployed and you're earning very low wages to go back and get 
Federal job training help, we'll just send you a certificate, it will be 
your skills grant. It will be your ``G.I. bill'' that says you get 
$2,500, take it where you want to take it. Take it to Robert Morris, 
take it to the community college, take it to the vocational school. You 
decide. It will help you.
    So these are the things that I believe we need to do to help. Just 
one other thing I think is very important, and I know I'm preaching to 
the saved here because you're all here. But we have got to raise the 
skill level of the American work force generally. It means higher 
standards in our schools. It means more access to computer technology. 
It means a lot of things. But it certainly means making access to 
college universal in America. Everybody who wants to go and is willing 
to work ought to be able to go.

[[Page 1662]]

    And let me say, my proposals on that include the direct loan program 
we've already put in which lowers the costs of college loans and says 
you can pay them back as a percentage of your income; the AmeriCorps 
program, which has given 50,000 young people a way to pay for college by 
serving in their communities.
    But we want to do three things, three more things that will make a 
big difference. Number one, say that families with joint incomes of up 
to $100,000 can save in an IRA, withdraw from it tax-free if the money 
goes to a college education for their kids. Number two, make at least a 
community college education as universal by the year 2000 as a high 
school diploma is today by simply saying--this requires no program--all 
we have to say is, if you want to go to get 2 more years of college, we 
will let you deduct, dollar for dollar off your tax bill, the cost of a 
typical community college tuition up to $1,500 a year, strict reduction 
off your tax bill for the costs of going back for the first 2 years. And 
I think that is important. And finally, something that would help 
virtually every family represented at Robert Morris College here. I 
believe that the cost of any education after high school, the tuition 
costs, up to $10,000 a year, ought to be tax deductible--any education.
    All of that is paid for in our balanced budget plan. It would make 
America stronger. It would make America stronger, and it would help 
individual families. We also need, I think, to do more to give families 
more options to save for their other purposes, and that's what I wanted 
to talk to you about in some specific detail today.
    Today, America's families have a wide choice of opportunities to 
save, but we want to give them one more that will give them greater 
investment security. I'm grateful today that inflation is low. Inflation 
has been under 3 percent for 3 years in a row for the first time since 
the 1960's, and I am grateful for that. But I also remember well the 
1970's and the early eighties when inflation was high.
    Last spring we announced that we would work to issue a new kind of 
security to protect investors from inflation, to encourage long-term 
savings. We asked for public response to this idea. We got it, and it 
was overwhelmingly positive. So today, we announced a new way to save: 
an inflation protection bond. It will allow middle-class families to 
protect their savings from inflation no matter what. These bonds will 
first be issued on January 15th. They will be available in denominations 
as low as $1,000, the value of the principal will increase as necessary 
over the years to keep up with inflation, and they will pay interest on 
the principal adjusted for inflation. Not a penny of value will ever be 
lost to anyone who buys them because of inflation at whatever rate 
inflation occurs.
    For investors who choose these bonds, there will not be paper gains, 
there will be real gains, and this is a real incentive for families to 
save for their own future and for their children's. I'm thinking about 
this a lot now because of my own situation, because our daughter is 
going off to college next year. We started saving for that a long time 
ago. If you want to save now for a newborn baby's college education, you 
can do it and know that no matter what happens to inflation over the 
next 18 years, it will not erode your investment. You will be able to 
make that savings good in your child's life.
    If you want to start saving for a home, these bonds will enable you 
to start saving now without worrying about inflation. If you want to 
save for retirement or if you're already retired, the bonds will 
guarantee a lifetime of savings as solid as the word of the Treasury. 
Inflation protection bonds can be a solid rock upon which families build 
their futures and their dreams.
    We also want to do two other things to help families save. Within a 
year, the Treasury Department will issue inflation-protected savings 
bonds, things that young people can buy, bonds in denominations as small 
as $50 that employers will be able to offer through their payroll 
deduction plans. And we want to make it even easier to save for training 
and education after high school.
    Today, the interest payments on savings bonds for many families are 
exempt if the money is used to pay for college. In the minimum wage 
legislation I signed, we expanded the number of families that can get 
that break, and today I want to ask Congress to do more. They should be 
available to pay not only for college education but for vocational 
education, and while you have to be 24 years old to get this break 
today, parents of any age should be able to start as soon as they want 
to save for their children. We should encourage savings by all Americans 
and get rid of all the impediments to it. We're going to have to save 
more as individuals, as families, and as a nation. If we want

[[Page 1663]]

to invest more and be more productive in the future, these actions today 
will help us to achieve that goal.
    I thank you, Secretary Rubin, for what you've done to achieve that.
    Ladies and gentlemen, all of these actions are part of a strategy 
that I've called building a bridge to the 21st century, big enough, 
strong enough, wide enough for everybody to walk across. I believe very 
strongly that our best days are still ahead; I believe that the young 
people in this audience today will have more chances to live out their 
dreams and live up to their God-given potential than any generation of 
Americans ever has if we will meet the challenges, deal with the 
problems, and protect our traditional values that have kept America 
around here for 220 years.
    These young people are going to be doing work that has not been 
invented yet; some of them will be doing things that have not been 
imagined yet. But it will still be America; it will be wonderful; and it 
will be better than ever if we do the right things today.
    Thank you. Thank you very much.

Note: The President spoke at 11:30 a.m. in the gymnasium. In his 
remarks, he referred to Anthony Gliozzo, student, who introduced the 
President, and Edward A. Nicholson, president, Robert Morris College; 
Ron DiNicola, candidate for Pennsylvania's 21st Congressional District; 
and actor Christopher Reeve. A portion of these remarks could not be 
verified because the tape was incomplete.