    [Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: William J. Clinton (1996, Book II)]
    [November 15, 1996]
    [Pages 2119-2123]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]

    Remarks Announcing Participation in Missions in Bosnia and Zaire and an
    Exchange With Reporters
    November 15, 1996

        The President. Good morning. One year ago in Dayton, the leaders of
    Bosnia, Croatia, and Serbia turned from the horror of war to the promise
    of peace. Their historic decision came after nearly 4 years of horrible
    bloodshed, the bloodiest conflict Europe has seen since World War II,
    after a quarter million deaths, after 2 million people were made
    refugees, after countless atrocities that shocked the conscience of the
    world.
        When the Balkan leaders chose peace, I asked the American people to
    help them by supporting the participation of our troops in a NATO-led
    implementation force to secure the Dayton agreement. I promised that the
    mission would be carefully defined with clear and realistic goals. I
    said it would be completed in about a year.
        IFOR has succeeded beyond our expectations. As a result, its mission
    will end as planned on December 20th, and every single item on IFOR's
    military checklist has been accomplished. It has maintained the cease-
    fire and separated the parties along a new demilitarized

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    zone. It has monitored the placement of thousands of heavy weapons in
    holding areas, overseen a massive troop demobilization and the transfer
    of hundreds of square miles of territory from one side to another, and
    allowed the people of Bosnia to vote in free national elections.
        That has been a remarkable achievement. In the process we have seen
    how important and effective the NATO alliance remains. And we have seen
    the possibilities for cooperation with Russia and the other members of
    the Partnership For Peace. Today, the Bosnian people are far better off
    than they were a year ago; their prospects for a future of peace and
    freedom are much brighter.
        Already, the change in the day-to-day lives of the people there is
    dramatic: Marketplaces are full of life, not death; more people have
    roofs over their head, food on their tables, heat and hot water. The
    routines of normal life--going to work, coming home from school--are
    slowly becoming a reality. Bosnia's bitter harvest of hatred, however,
    has not yet disappeared.
        For the last 12 months, the killing has stopped, and with time, the
    habits of peace can take hold. This success we owe to IFOR. But its
    achievements on the military side have not been matched, despite all our
    efforts, by similar progress on the civilian side. Quite frankly,
    rebuilding the fabric of Bosnia's economic and political life is taking
    longer than anticipated.
        Economic activity is only just resuming. Its pace must be quickened
    and its reach extended. The Presidency, the Parliament, the
    constitutional court, created by the elections, are still in their
    infancy. They need time to work. Civilian police forces must be better
    trained. We must complete training and equipping the Bosnian Federation
    military so that a stable balance of power can take hold and renewed
    aggression is less likely. And municipal elections remain to be
    organized and held. Let me emphasize that the Bosnian people, with the
    help of international civilian groups, will be responsible for all this
    work. But for a time, they will need the stability and the confidence
    that only an outside security force can provide.
        NATO has been studying options to give them the help that time will
    provide by providing a new security presence in Bosnia when IFOR
    withdraws. That study is now complete. I have carefully reviewed its
    options, and I have decided to instruct the United States representative
    to NATO to inform our allies that, in principle, the United States will
    take part in a follow-on force in Bosnia.
        For my agreement in principle to become a commitment, however, I
    must be satisfied that the final recommendation NATO adopts and the
    operational plan it develops are clear, limited, and achievable. The new
    mission's focus should be to prevent a resumption of hostilities so that
    economic reconstruction and political reconciliation can accelerate.
    That will require a strong but limited military presence in Bosnia, able
    to respond quickly and decisively to any violations of the cease-fire.
        The new mission will be more limited than IFOR and will require
    fewer troops. It will not face the fundamental military challenge of
    separating two hostile armies, because IFOR has accomplished that task.
    It will be charged with working to maintain the stability that IFOR
    created. It will discourage the parties from taking up arms again, while
    encouraging them to resume full responsibility for their own security as
    quickly as possible.
        IFOR plowed the field in which the seeds of peace have been planted.
    This new mission will provide the climate for them to take root and the
    time to begin growing.
        Our military planners have concluded that this new mission will
    require fewer than half the number of troops we contributed to IFOR,
    about 8,500. There will be an American commander and tough rules of
    engagement. Every 6 months we will review whether the stability can be
    maintained with fewer forces. By the end of 1997, we expect to draw down
    to a much smaller deterrent force, about half the initial size, and we
    will propose to our NATO allies that by June of 1998 the mission's work
    should be done, and the forces should be able to withdraw.
        The United States cannot and should not try to solve every problem
    in the world, but where our interests are clear and our values are at
    stake, where we can make a difference, we must act, and we must lead.
    Clearly, Bosnia is such an example. Every American should be proud of
    the difference the United States has already made in Bosnia, ending a
    terrible slaughter, saving thousands of lives, securing countless
    futures. We have a responsibility to see that commitment through, to
    give the peace America helped to make in Bosnia a chance to grow strong,
    self-sufficient, and lasting.

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        Earlier this week, I also decided that, in principle, the United
    States should take part in an international humanitarian effort to be
    part of a release force that Canada will lead in Zaire. Two years ago,
    following genocide in Rwanda, more than a million Rwandans fled for
    Zaire. Recently their plight has worsened as fighting among militant
    forces has driven them from their camps. Violence has begun to spiral
    out of control, preventing relief agencies from providing food and
    medicine to the refugees who are now vulnerable to starvation and to
    disease. The world's most powerful nation must not turn its back on so
    many desperate people and so many innocent children who are now at risk.
        The mission Canada proposes to lead, and that I believe America
    should take part in, would provide security for civilian relief agencies
    to deliver the aid these people must have and to help the refugees who
    so desire to return home to Rwanda. America's contribution to such a
    force would match our special capabilities, such as providing security
    at the Goma airfield and helping to airlift allied forces.
        Neither the new security force in Bosnia nor the humanitarian relief
    effort in Zaire will be free of risk. But I will do everything in my
    power to minimize the risks by making sure both missions are clear and
    achievable before I give the green light.
        American leadership places a special burden on the men and women of
    our Armed Forces and their families. We ask a lot from them, and without
    fail, they deliver for us. Now, as we contemplate calling on them again
    I ask us, first of all, to remember the astonishing job that they have
    done, remarkably free of violence, in Bosnia. And I ask that every
    American keep them in their thoughts and prayers.

    Second Bosnia Mission

        Q. Mr. President, what do you say to critics who say that you waited
    till after the election to make the announcement that you're sending
    troops abroad or keeping troops in Bosnia?
        The President. Well, I would say two things. First of all, it was
    well before the election that the NATO allies in Europe most closely
    concerned with this came to us and said, we do not believe that the
    civilian and political and economic functions have developed to the
    point where there can be no security presence in Bosnia, even though
    IFOR has done everything it was asked to do. And I said that I would
    consider American participation if there were a clear mission with an
    achievable goal. And that was clear before the election.
        But more importantly, I would say that the NATO ministers met and
    made their recommendation to me just last week. We needed some time to
    study it. I had a meeting last evening, quite an extensive one, with
    General Shalikashvili making the military case and with Secretary
    Christopher and Secretary Perry. And the whole national security team
    met with the Vice President and me. We have done this in a timely
    fashion following the NATO timetable.
        The most important thing the American people need to know is that
    mission succeeded; it did do what it was supposed to do in 12 months.
    But we, frankly--when I say ``we,'' I mean all the people involved in
    NATO--believed that we could make more economic and political progress
    than we were able to make. So, we believe there should be a new but much
    more limited mission simply to maintain the security that has been
    established and to maintain the conditions in which the political and
    economic progress can be made.
        Q. Don't you think you should have laid this idea out, though, while
    you were campaigning so that people had a sense that part of what they
    got when they got your reelection was the extension of this mission?
        The President. Well, I believe that they did believe that. Keep in
    mind, before the election it was said that the Europeans thought we
    ought to stay in a more limited way, and I said I would consider doing
    that. Frankly, I want to pay a compliment to Senator Dole--I think
    because he said, in a very statesmanlike way, that he would support
    doing that, that we had too big an investment in the success of the
    process, there was not a difference of opinion on it. So, that it did
    not--I think that it did not become more hotly debated in the campaign,
    and therefore it maybe wasn't focused on by as many people. But the
    issue was out there.
        I couldn't agree and describe a mission that had not yet been
    developed by the NATO military planners or recommended to us. So, I
    would say that it maybe didn't get the attention that it otherwise would
    have gotten, and it may be because Senator Dole made what I thought was
    a very statesmanlike statement early on that, of course, if it had to be
    done, that he would agree.

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    Zaire Mission

        Q. Mr. President, there are some reports of refugees in quite large
    numbers moving within Zaire back toward the Rwandan border and across,
    relief agencies in Rwanda saying that they have plenty of food and
    equipment and so forth once they're back across the border. Is there a
    chance, sir, that this mission may not be needed?
        The President. Well, let me say we have some very good preliminary
    news about the prospects that the refugees will be able to go back to
    Rwanda, and then it may work out better than we had originally thought.
    But I would say first of all it is preliminary, and secondly--obviously,
    the dimensions of what has to be done could change based on the
    realities on the ground; we're watching it every day. I think we have to
    be prepared for the prospect that we will still have to have some
    presence there to facilitate this and to make sure that as quickly as
    possible we get everything that is needed to them.
        I don't think we know enough yet, Brit [Brit Hume, ABC News], to say
    that the mission won't be needed. It's a hopeful sign, but that's all I
    can say right now.

    Second Bosnia Mission

        Q. Mr. President, on Bosnia, do you technically consider this to be
    a different mission, and will there be a wholesale change of forces over
    there?
        The President. Yes, we are withdrawing the IFOR forces, and this is
    a different mission.
        Q. American forces--I'm sorry.
        The President. That's correct. This will be a different mission. And
    there will be some overlap there because, if you remember, the planning
    I think called for a phased drawdown that would run into early next year
    anyway. But we believe the size of this will be about 8,500--what will
    be required--and it will be different.

    Second Term Transition

        Q. Mr. President, you have your international policy team here
    standing with you, and we were led to believe, at least a little while
    ago, that you would be naming people rather quickly to that. That
    process seems to have slowed down. Can you tell us why?
        The President. Yes. One of the things that all of the people who are
    here with me have said, including Secretary Perry and Secretary
    Christopher, and that a lot of people I have talked to about this,
    including people who might be a part of it and others--they have
    reminded me that the thing that has really made our work as successful
    as it has been in so many ways is that we've had a remarkable amount of
    teamwork, remarkably free of rancor and remarkably free of the kind of
    undercutting that has too often happened in our national politics.
        Several people have said if you have to take a little more time to
    feel good about the composition of the team you put together, by all
    means do it, because it is the team that will rise or fall and that will
    advance America's cause. And so I have been thinking, obviously with a
    lot of gratitude, of the level of teamwork we've had, the level of
    cooperation, how we've worked together. And what I concluded after
    talking about this extensively with the Vice President in particular is
    that we needed to make absolutely sure that we knew what the team was
    going to be.
        Now let me also tell you that all of us on the transition team, the
    Vice President and Mr. Panetta and Mr. Bowles and all the rest of us,
    are working very hard. I have never worked any harder than I have in the
    days since the last election to make sure that we make the most of this
    transition. I need a little bit of vacation, and I hope those of you who
    are going with me will get a little one, too. But we will make timely
    appointments; they will be ready well in advance of the Congress
    beginning. And they will have adequate opportunity for the Senate to
    review them, and I think we will be in very good shape.
        But the specific answer to your question is that I want to make sure
    that the team works.
        Yes, go ahead.

    Zaire Mission

        Q. We're told that one of the conditions for sending U.S. troops
    into Zaire as part of this humanitarian mission is that the U.S. gets
    some kind of assurances from these rival militias that they will cease
    their hostilities so American GI's don't have to shoot their way in. Is
    that really a realistic expectation, or do you suspect that there will
    be so much firepower that that will be sufficient to stop the
    hostilities?
        The President. Well, I might ought to let Secretary Perry answer
    this question, but I'll take a crack at it.

    [[Page 2123]]

        We will have, as we always do, very tough rules of engagement if
    somebody takes action against us. It is having that kind of rules, that
    kind of strength--that's one of the reasons that we had the almost
    incredible experience we've had in Bosnia so far in terms of there not
    being conflict.
        But on the other hand, when we send a mission in of peace like that,
    we don't believe that we should have to assume on the front end that
    we'll have to shoot our way in. So what we want to know is at least that
    there is a receptivity to our coming in there, all of us in the
    multinational force. We obviously understand if you've got a lot of
    people around there with guns, somebody might shoot at you, and you have
    to be able to shoot back. But that's different from having an official
    policy that if this international mission goes in, they're going to be
    considered an invading force and be subject to attack from the minute
    that the airplane lands. That's the difference, I think.
        Do you think that's--is that a fair statement? Would you like to add
    to that?
        Secretary of Defense William J. Perry. That is exactly right. We
    require cooperation from the governments, because we do not want to make
    forced landings at the airport. On the other hand, the guerrilla forces
    that are located in that area, whatever they tell us, we want
    acquiescence. We do not expect to have any formal agreement from them or
    would not have any confidence they can carry out any formal agreement.
        It is important, however, that both the Government of Rwanda and the
    Government of Zaire give us not only acquiescence but cooperation. We
    need that. They also have a lot of influence on those guerrilla forces.
    That's important.
        The President. Thank you very much.

    Note: The President spoke at 11:20 a.m. in the Briefing Room at the
    White House.