    [Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: William J. Clinton (1996, Book II)]
    [July 18, 1996]
    [Pages 1148-1154]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]

    Remarks to the American Legion Boys Nation and Girls Nation
    July 18, 1996

        Thank you very, very much. I want to welcome all of you here. And
    before I begin the program let me say I'm sorry I'm a little late today,
    but we have been working, as I'm sure you understand, all day long on
    the plane crash last night. I want to talk to you about your future, but
    before I do I'd like to say just a word about the people that were on
    that plane.
        I'm determined that we will find out what happened, but I want to
    urge all the American people not to jump to any unwarranted conclusions
    about the tragedy. We should focus today, our thoughts and our prayers,
    on the families of the victims of that terrible, terrible tragedy last
    night. And you should know that everybody in our country that we believe
    can make a contribution to finding out what happened is on the job,
    working overtime.
        I want you to know if you haven't heard that there were 16 high
    school students from Pennsylvania on that flight. Any tragedy like this
    is made deeper if young people's lives are lost,

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    people who haven't yet had their chance to live up to their God-given
    promise. These young people were from the Montoursville High School
    French club in Pennsylvania. They were young, committed, filled with
    excitement about the prospect of visiting France. Our country will be
    poorer for their absence. And the rest of you will have to work a little
    harder to live up to your promise and to theirs as well.
        The mayor of that small community was just on television, and I had
    a visit with him a few moments ago. And he said, you know, this is a big
    hurt that's going to last a while. I'm sure that's true. So I'd like to
    ask you before we begin the formal program today to join me in a moment
    of silent prayer for those students, for the other victims, and for
    their families.
        Amen.
        I would like to welcome our leaders here from the American Legion,
    Joe Caouette, Lawrence Sperry, Judge Pete Johnson, a member of my Boys
    Nation class back in the Dark Ages. [Laughter] I welcome Peggy
    Sappenfield; Katherine Morris, the director of Girls Nation; Ron Engel,
    the director of Boys Nation; Jack Mercier, the director of activities
    who was also there and was a counselor to my class; George Blume, the
    legislative director.
        I'm sure all of you know this is always a special day for me. It's
    the 50th anniversary of Boys Nation, almost my 50th anniversary on Earth
    here in a few weeks. [Laughter] This is only the second time ever, the
    first being the Bicentennial, when Boys Nation and Girls Nation have
    come to the White House together.
        I remember a lot of things about my visit here in 1963, not only my
    much-heralded shake of hands with President Kennedy and the meetings we
    had with other leaders, but I remember very vividly the young men I was
    with from other States, the conversations that we had about the kind of
    world we would inherit and about what we had to do about it. Our
    obligations were focused, I think, especially on the issues that
    dominated our Nation more than 30 years ago now. We talked a lot about
    the struggle for civil rights and equal opportunities for all Americans.
    We talked a lot about the struggle against communism and the cold war.
        To be sure, we weren't the first generation of Americans to have
    those conversations. They have been constant in our history. And we know
    that many of those who founded our Nation more than 200 years ago were
    themselves very young.
        I'd like to ask you to think, because we are now on the verge of a
    new century, about what it was like the last time we stood on the edge
    of a new century. There's a magnificent portrait right over there in the
    corner of Theodore Roosevelt by the great American artist John Singer
    Sargent. Teddy Roosevelt became Vice President in the election of 1900
    and was soon elevated to the Presidency when President McKinley was
    assassinated. He was our President for 7 years, in the beginning of what
    became known as the progressive era. He was the youngest person ever to
    become President of the United States. And as we stood at the dawn of a
    new century, he was infectious with his optimism and absolutely
    contagious in his determination to take on the problems of America and
    to make the new era we were then entering work for all Americans.
        That was a time, like this, of enormous change. We were around the
    turn of the century moving from being primarily an agricultural country
    to being primarily an industrial country. We were moving from being
    primarily a people who lived on farms, in small, isolated rural areas,
    or in small communities to being a people who lived primarily in towns
    and in cities. And it changed dramatically the way we work, the way we
    live, the way we related to each other. There were enormously good
    things happening, but a lot of things that weren't so good that required
    a vigorous response by our Nation. And so Teddy Roosevelt led our Nation
    in that response and started, as I said, what became known as the
    progressive era. He and Woodrow Wilson--one a Republican, one a
    Democrat, both former Governors--were instrumental in kind of breaking
    out of the pattern of past thinking that had dominated our political
    life and taking America in a new direction.
        It falls to your generation to do something like that now, because
    we are changing in ways that are, to some extent, more profound than we
    changed a hundred years ago. Instead of moving from the agricultural to
    the industrial age, we're now moving into an information age where every
    form of human endeavor will be dominated by the profound computer chip.
        Bill Gates said in his book ``The Road From Here'' that the digital
    chip was the most profound revolution in the way human beings
    communicate with each other since Gutenberg print-

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    ed the first Bible in Europe 500 years ago. It won't be very long,
    especially if we succeed in hooking up every classroom and library to
    the information superhighway, before people in remote mountain
    communities or the poorest urban neighborhoods of America can go to
    school, hook into a computer, and do research on volcanoes in Australian
    libraries, for example. This is going to have enormous implications for
    the whole nature of work, how we learn, how we relate to each other. And
    it is a fascinating thing.
        We're also moving--as people then moved from rural areas into the
    cities, we now are primarily an urban and suburban people. But people
    will be able to live in rural areas more easily than they used to
    because of the computer, and to do different things. And no matter
    whether we live in rural or urban areas, we will have to identify
    ourselves more and more as citizens of the world as well as Americans.
        We're not dominated by a cold war world anymore where every country
    is either in the camp of democracy or the camp of communism, where we
    worry about the imminence of a nuclear war that could take the lives of
    the whole country away. But we do have a whole set of new problems in
    the world that directly relate to the fact that the cold war is over and
    things are more open now, and it's easier for people and ideas and money
    and technology to move around and cross national boundaries.
        And when people become more open to new ideas and new information it
    means that there are also more opportunities for the organized forces of
    destruction to take advantage of that openness. That's why terrorists
    can put poison gas on a subway in Tokyo or blow the World Trade Center
    up or the Federal building in Oklahoma City or set bombs in London or
    the Holy Land or do all the other things that you've read about in the
    last few years. The more open we are to moving around and working with
    each other, the more we'll have to be vigilant in dealing with these
    problems. It's why we're all more vulnerable to organized crime and drug
    running that crosses national lines. It's why we have to be more
    vigilant in dealing with the problems of the proliferation of small-
    scale nuclear weapons or biological or chemical weapons.
        All of these things are the new security threats. And interestingly
    enough, there's also a very old problem that's rearing its head all over
    the world as the big threat of communism recedes. And that is the
    tendency of people everywhere to look down on each other, ultimately
    hate each other, and maybe even kill each other because of their racial,
    ethnic, or religious differences. That is at the heart of what is going
    on in the Middle East. That is at the heart of what is going on in
    Northern Ireland. That is the heart of what is going on in Bosnia. We
    have the most vigorous, vibrant, multiethnic democracy in human history,
    but that is at the heart of what is going on in these church burnings
    and that is at the heart of what led some mean-spirited people to paint
    swastikas on the doors of African-American Special Forces personnel at
    Fort Bragg in the last couple of days. The most patriotic members of a
    minority you could imagine still being subject to that.
        Why is that? Because all throughout human history you see people
    being told that they should evaluate themselves not based on who they
    are, what they stand for, and what their values are, what's in the
    Constitution, the Bill of Rights, the Declaration of Independence, but
    on who they're not, what color they're not, what religion they aren't.
        So you have to fight all that. Your generation will have more
    opportunities than any generation in human history. You will have more
    chances to live out your dreams in more different ways than any group of
    people who have ever lived. We have a chance to extend opportunities to
    people who would have automatically been left in the backwater of
    history without a second thought just a few decades ago because of their
    gender or their race or because of their disabilities. Things that now
    we wouldn't think of doing used to be the ordinary run-of-the-mill thing
    just a few decades ago.
        So, on balance, as I look to the 21st century, I think this is going
    to be a great time for you. It is going to be a great time for America
    if we meet our challenges and protect our basic values. No country in
    history has ever lasted so long as a free country, a free people, with
    so many different kinds of people in it. And the world is coming our
    way. But there are still these dark forces of destruction that we have
    to stand against. And you have to speak against it when you see it in a
    big horrible way, in a manifestation of terrorism. But you also have to
    stand and speak against it when you see it in subtle ways, in your
    neighborhoods, on your street, in your schools. We've got to be able to
    treat each other with respect based

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    on our shared values, not our essentially superficial differences.
        Very interesting, don't you think, that this movie ``Independence
    Day'' is becoming the most successful movie ever? Some say it's because
    they blew up the White House and the Congress--[laughter]--and that may
    be. But, you know, you see story after story after story about how the
    movie audiences leap up and cheer at the end of the movie when we
    vanquish the alien invaders, right? I mean, what happened? The country
    was flat on its back, the rest of the world was threatened, and you see
    all over the world all these people have all of a sudden put aside the
    differences that seem so trivial once their existence was threatened,
    and they're working together all over the world to defeat a common
    adversary.
        Why can't we work together to achieve common dreams? What is it
    about people that they need to adopt creeds that will enable them to
    demean other people and look on them as subhuman and take their lives
    away? We have to fight that. You're living in a time where, literally,
    you're going to be able to do things that have not been invented yet. A
    lot of you will be in jobs within a decade that have not been invented
    yet. The patterns of work and life, of travel and learning will be
    unbelievable. And no nation is as well-positioned as the United States
    if we seize our opportunities, meet our challenges, and protect our
    values.
        You have to ask yourself--and I hope you'll take the time before you
    leave here, before you leave the White House, before you leave the
    Capital City--the whole history of our country is here--and say, ``What
    kind of country do I want to live in? What do I want America to look
    like when my children are my age? And what should I do to help America
    look like that?'' A simple question. Those are the questions I asked
    myself before I ran for President, because I knew that it's a rather
    rigorous enterprise and you have to have a high pain threshold today to
    do this sort of thing. [Laughter]
        And to me, there are three simple answers. When my daughter is my
    age and I have grandchildren, I want America to be a place where the
    American dream is alive for every person who's willing to work for it,
    no matter where they start out in life. I want America to be a place
    that is coming together, not being split apart; that really appreciates
    all the differences that are in this country and binds us together by
    the things that have held us together all this time. Just go back and
    read the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of
    Rights. And I want this country to continue to be the world's strongest
    force for peace and freedom and prosperity, because we are doing
    something in this country that needs to be done in the rest of the
    world. People have to be able to bridge their differences and find a way
    to work together.
        Now, that's what I want--fairly simple things; three things. And I
    work for it up here every day with a simple strategy: I think we have to
    create more opportunity for everybody, demand more responsibility from
    everybody, and do everything we can to build a community and make
    America stronger and our families, our towns, and our national community
    as well.
        There are some very specific things that we've tried to do. Four
    years ago our economic house was out of order. We quadrupled our debt in
    4 years. We had a $290 billion deficit. We had the slowest job growth
    rate since the Great Depression so we had to do some basic things just
    to put the house back in order. And we had a very simple strategy: Drive
    down the deficit to reduce the burden of debt on future generations;
    lower interest rates and get investment back to put people to work;
    expand the trade in American products and services around the world
    because that creates more high-wage jobs here at home; and invest in
    education, technology, research, and the preservation of the
    environment.
        Four years later it's obvious to me that that strategy is working.
    Our deficit is less than half of what it was. It was $290 billion; it's
    going to be $117 billion this year. This is the first time in every year
    of a President's term that the deficit has been reduced since the
    1840's. But we had to do it because we have never had a time in history
    when we built up so much debt so quickly. And the American people have
    responded. Our economy's created over 10 million jobs. So we're moving
    in the right direction. But that had to be done. It is not enough, but
    it's an important first step.
        In terms of our leadership for peace and freedom, in many parts of
    the world we're better off today than we were 4 years ago, and there are
    no nuclear weapons pointed at any one of the United States for the first
    time since nuclear weapons were developed. So we're moving in the right
    direction. We're finally beginning to

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    build compacts and partnerships all around the world to combat terrorism
    and the other problems that I mentioned.
        We've worked hard to give you cleaner air and cleaner water and to
    preserve the natural resources of the land. I think one of the essential
    ideas that has to dominate the thinking of both parties and all
    Americans as we move into the 21st century is that you can develop the
    economy without destroying the environment. In fact, you can enhance the
    development of the economy with the right sort of environmental
    strategy. And if we continue to believe that the only way we can grow
    our economy is by destroying our environment, some day there won't be
    any economy to develop. And we have got to do that now. We have to make
    that commitment now.
        You know, it's amazing how many science fiction books and movies are
    all predicated on the fact that one day we won't have any environment
    left in America, we won't have any trees left, the air won't be fit to
    breathe. I'm amazed--we've now got with this new sci-fi channel on one
    of our cables here--it's amazing the percentage of movies that come on
    that thing that are predicated on the fact that we are determined to
    destroy our environment. We must not do it.
        I also believe that we must not continue to tolerate the levels of
    crime and violence we have in our country. We have a crime rate coming
    down 4 years in a row now. We've got 100,000 police we're putting on the
    street in community policing. We've finally done something about putting
    guns into the hands of young people; we have a zero tolerance strategy
    for guns in schools. We've abolished a few assault weapons, 19 kinds,
    and passed the Brady bill. And I want to point out that a lot of people
    said some bad things when we did it. There's not a single hunter that's
    lost a rifle since we abolished the assault weapons and passed the Brady
    bill. But there are 60,000 felons, fugitives, and stalkers who could not
    get handguns because they were checked and their criminal record was
    found out and they did not get the guns. And America is safer as a
    result of that.
        So we have to continue to work on the crime problem. And I want to
    make a personal plea to you. Citizens have a role to play in this.
    Yesterday the Vice President and I had representatives from citizens
    patrol groups all over America here at the White House, and we announced
    that the cellular telephone association is going to give 50,000 phones
    to these citizens patrol groups, so that when people are out here
    walking the streets and they find something wrong, they can immediately
    call the police department or the hospital, to the emergency room, or
    the fire department.
        But in spite of all of our progress, the crime rate among people
    under 18 and the violence rate among people under 18 is still going up
    in most communities in America. That's because there are too many young
    people out there on the street that are raising themselves, that are
    joining gangs doing bad things because they're not in good gangs doing
    good things. We all want to be part of something. I mean, look, you've
    got the same shirt on; you're in a good gang today. [Laughter] It's an
    important thing to know. And you can do that. You can have more
    influence on a lot of young people than I can. So I urge you to deal
    with that issue.
        And finally, and most importantly, if we want to see everybody do
    well in the 21st century, we've got to give everybody the tools to do
    well. And more important, more than ever before, that means education.
    We've worked hard to improve educational opportunities here, but we have
    more to do. And I want to encourage all of you to do what you can to
    support increasing access to high-quality education, from our
    initiatives to hook up all the classrooms to the Internet, to help the
    school districts that are hardest pressed in the country get some money
    to do rebuilding and repairs, to opening the doors of college education
    to everyone.
        I hope that Congress will agree with me to give a tax deduction for
    the cost of tuition for college. I hope the Congress will agree with me
    to give a tax credit that will enable everybody to at least get a
    community college diploma, because we need to make at least 2 years
    after high school as universal for education as high school is today.
        If you look at the economy, if you look at the census figures, if
    you look at the people that are doing well and the people that aren't,
    it is absolutely clear that in the information age the gains to
    education are far more profound than at any time in our history. And we
    have simply got to do more to make it universal if we want America to
    grow together instead of drift apart. We can do it. You can do it if you
    demand that it be done.

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        Finally, let me say that I believe we've got to do something more
    than we have done--many things more--to help strengthen the American
    family. And we have to recognize that families are in a different
    position than they used to be. I heard--someone made a funny joke last
    night, making fun of, to some extent, the Congress, to some extent, me--
    saying, you listen to people talk in Washington and they say the problem
    with people on welfare is that they want to stay home with their kids
    instead of going to work. And then they give a speech and say the
    problem with middle-class families is the mothers want to go to work
    instead of staying home with their kids. You know, and it's funny--you
    think about it. [Laughter]
        What's the real issue? What's the real issue? The real issue is most
    people who are parents work; most people who are parents who work have
    to work. So what should our goal be? Our goal should be to help
    Americans succeed at home and at work.
        I look at all of you--and if you want to make a contribution to our
    future, I want you to be able to make it. But I also think the most
    important contribution you can ever make is to have children and raise
    them right and make them good and strong and good citizens and good
    people, like you are. So what we should be doing is to think about
    instead of making it an either-or we ought to ask ourselves over and
    over and over again, what can we do to help people succeed at home and
    at work?
        That's what the family leave law was all about. That's what my
    efforts, which have been very controversial, to try to help schools with
    experiments that they want to adopt, including curfews, or even in some
    school districts, school uniform policy, that's what that was all about.
    You may think it sounds bad, but you're all here in one. [Laughter] And
    we haven't sought to impose them, we just sought to give schools the
    opportunity to adopt them if they wanted. That's what our controversial
    efforts to prevent the advertising and distribution and sales illegally
    of tobacco to teenagers is all about, trying to help parents deal with
    the implications of being away from their kids a lot, working, but also
    trying to do a good job raising their children.
        It's also a large part of what the Vice President and I have worked
    on in the area of television. You know, we passed a law, the
    telecommunications law, which will create hundreds of thousands of jobs,
    but it also required in new television sets that a V-chip be placed that
    would give parents more control over the programming their young
    children watch. And all the entertainment industry agreed to set up a
    ratings system for television, which we thought was a very, very good
    thing. And we're working on that, they're working on it.
        The television today is very different than it was when I was 10 or
    11 years old, or 6 or 7. We have hundreds of studies, literally hundreds
    of studies showing the staggering number of hours that young people have
    spent watching people get killed by the time they're 16 or 17, and
    showing clearly that it makes people more numb to violence, less
    sensitive to the impact of their behavior on others.
        So we've worked hard on that. But I don't think that is enough. And
    I just want to mention this issue, because I think it's very important.
    We have been working very hard not only to have a ratings system and a
    V-chip, which is sort of a negative thing, but also to try to bring more
    positive educational programming for children to television. This month
    we're challenging members of the entertainment industry who have done a
    great job on this rating to come to the White House to talk about
    improving the quality and quantity of children's programming. So the
    industry is doing its part.
        The truth is that what we need now is for the Government to do its
    part. The Federal Communications Commission has had before it for a long
    time now a measure that would require broadcasters to put a minimum of 3
    hours a week of quality educational children's programming on. If you
    think about all the hours the television is on a week, 3 hours a week
    doesn't seem like too much, at least doesn't seem to me. It's less than
    2 percent of the Nation's air time. The initiative is stalled, and some
    people have opposed it. But the airwaves clearly, under our law, are
    designed to promote the public interest. I can't imagine anything we
    could do that would better promote it than to put more quality
    educational programming for children on television. So I'd like to ask
    all of you to support that. And I hope very much that the Federal
    Communications Commission will finally act on it.
        Well, these are some of the things that I think we're facing as we
    move into the 21st century. We've got a responsibility, those of us in
    my generation, particularly those of us like

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    me that had extraordinary opportunities to be in places like where you
    are over 30 years ago, to try to create opportunity, to try to create a
    framework within which everybody will be expected to be responsible and
    to try to bring this country together as a community.
        But most of your lives are still ahead of you. And every one of you,
    if for no other reason than you're a part of this program, will have a
    disproportionate opportunity--a disproportionate opportunity to exercise
    leadership. And therefore you have a disproportionate responsibility to
    do a good job with it, every one of you.
        When you go back home, your friends will look at you a little
    differently. They'll listen to you a little more closely. They'll want
    to know what you saw up here. They'll want to know what your opinion is.
    And I am telling you, you have got to be thinking now in this rapidly
    changing world, what do you want the country to look like when your kids
    are your age? What do you want your work years to be like? How do you
    want to feel about your country? And what do you have to do to get
    there?
        And I leave you with this. It's very fashionable for people today to
    say, ``Well, it doesn't really matter what's going on in Washington.
    Nobody can make a difference. Why should I vote; it's all a bunch of
    bull.'' I'm telling you, in the 4 years I have been President, I now am
    more optimistic than I was the day I got here. I believe more strongly
    than I did the day I got here about the potential of all of us working
    together to make good things happen.
        And this country is a very great country. There are 10 million more
    people working than there were 4 years ago; 8 million people have
    refinanced their homes; 3.7 million people have homes who didn't have
    them; hundreds of thousands of people have better college loans than
    they did; 45,000 young people are working to rescue their communities in
    our national service programs and earning money to go to college. Don't
    let anybody ever tell you that you can't make a difference in a
    democracy, that you can't change the course of the country, that you
    can't lift people up or pull people together. That is not true.
        And the most important thing maybe you can do in the short run when
    you go home is tell people this country works. That's why we have been
    around for 220 years. This country works. This is a great country. And
    you have to pull your weight and challenge your friends and family
    members to do the same. But I will say that if you do it, the best days
    of this country are still ahead.
        Thank you, and God bless you all.

    Note: The President spoke at 1:33 p.m. in the East Room at the White
    House. In his remarks, he referred to Mayor John Dorin of Montoursville,
    PA; Joseph Caouette, chairman, Americanism Commission, and Lawrence
    Sperry, national commander's representative, American Legion; Peter
    Johnson, 1963 Boys Nation alumnus; and Peggy Sappenfield, national
    secretary, American Legion Auxiliary.