    [Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: William J. Clinton (1996, Book II)]
    [September 25, 1996]
    [Pages 1656-1663]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]

    Remarks at Robert Morris College in Coraopolis, Pennsylvania
    September 25, 1996

        Thank you so much. Thank you, Secretary Rubin. First let me start
    with first things first. Thank all of you for showing up and thank you
    for your enthusiasm and your warm welcome. It's good to be back in
    western Pennsylvania. Thank you.
        Thank you, Secretary Rubin, for your great leadership on economic
    policy and for your remarks here today. Thank you, Congressman Frank
    Mascara, for representing the people of western Pennsylvania so well and
    for being what we need more of in Washington, a genuine gentleman and an
    honest public servant who really cares about the people here. Thank you
    very much.
        Thank you, Tony Gliozzo, for your fine remarks. I wish you well. I'd
    let you be President if you'd let me be 22 again. [Laughter] I'd take my
    chances. [Laughter] I was talking to Tony about his studies here at
    Robert Morris, his career ambitions. Every time I have a chance to meet
    with young people in America it reinforces my faith about our future,
    and I thank you for being up here with us today.
        I'm delighted to be joined by Pittsburgh Mayor Tom Murphy and
    Allegheny County Commissioner Mike Dawida. Thank you both for being
    here. And there are a lot of others here--I don't want to get into a
    name-calling contest even in a positive way, but I want to thank my good
    friend, the former mayor of Pittsburgh, Sophie Maslaw, for being here;
    and George Becker, the president of the United Steelworkers, thank you,
    George, for being here. Ron DiNicola is here. I thank you all for being
    here. And Dr. Nicholson, thank you for welcoming us to Robert Morris,
    sir. We're delighted to be here.

    [[Page 1657]]

        I never had a bad day in western Pennsylvania. I always love coming
    here. But I know that for many people this is a sad day in the
    Pittsburgh area because Jim Leyland is managing his last home game for
    the Pirates today. And after 11 years and three division championships,
    a man who worked hard and never tried to grab the credit, and built a
    quiet reputation as one of the best people in baseball, let me just say
    I admire him, and I wish him the best. And I know all of you do, too.
        As has already been said by Tony, Robert Morris was one of the most
    important financiers of our American Revolution. He was the first budget
    balancer, also. He actually resigned from the Continental Congress in
    1778 because he thought they were printing too much worthless money. And
    because of his own economic achievements, he was really one of the
    founders of the remarkable American economy, which has sustained us and
    become the envy of the world over 220 years.
        All of you here who are students and teachers and who work in other
    ways at Robert Morris are carrying on that spirit by studying business
    and working hard to prepare yourselves for the remarkable opportunities
    of the 21st century.
        Today I want to talk to you for a few minutes about the subject that
    Secretary Rubin mentioned, how we can provide greater opportunities for
    Americans to save, to increase investment growth and personal security.
    And I want to do it in the context of how we can build a bridge to the
    21st century with a strong American economy that every person who is
    willing to work hard has a fair chance to participate in and to benefit
    from.
        Four years ago, just before the Presidential election, I came to
    Pittsburgh, just about 4 days before the election, and said that I had
    entered that campaign because, and I'd like to quote, ``I didn't want my
    daughter to grow up to be part of the first generation of Americans to
    do worse than her parents, because I knew we could do better with more
    opportunity and more responsibility and a stronger American community.''
    Well, today I'm here to tell you that I'm not worried about that anymore
    because America is on the right track and our children are going to do
    better.
        Four years ago our economy was stalled: New job growth was the
    slowest since the Depression, wages had been stagnant for half the work
    force for nearly two decades, our working people were becoming more
    divided economically, the deficit was at an all-time high, the debt had
    been quadrupled, cynicism was rising, our people were working harder and
    harder just to keep up. I was determined to give us a new direction.
        We put in place the comprehensive economic strategy that Secretary
    Rubin discussed. It was, quite simply: cut the deficit, open more
    markets to American goods and services and investment, invest in
    education, invest in new technologies and research, protect the
    environment in a way that grows the economy and creates the
    opportunities of tomorrow. And do it in a way that keeps the American
    people coming together, not drifting apart.
        Now, we are moving in the right direction. Unemployment has been cut
    by a third; it's the lowest it's been in 7\1/2\ years. The combined
    rates of unemployment, inflation, and mortgages are the lowest in 28
    years. Our economy has produced 10\1/2\ million new jobs, about 200,000
    of them, just under 200,000 here in Pennsylvania. Our auto industry
    leads the world again, producing and selling more cars than Japanese
    automakers for the first time since the 1970's, something I'm proud of.
        In each of the last 3 years--we don't have the '96 figures yet, but
    in '93, '94, and '95, we set new records in the exports of American
    products and new records in the formation of new small businesses. Now 8
    million businesses are owned by women in America, an all-time high.
        Homeownership is at a 15-year high. And in the industries that will
    dominate the new century, from semiconductors to airlines, America is
    leading the way. Of the new jobs created in the last 3\1/2\ years, more
    than half of them are in high-wage industries. That also breaks a
    pattern of the recent past; more of our new jobs are good jobs. And
    after falling for a decade, real hourly wages, the thing that shows up
    in the paycheck of the average worker--those wages are finally starting
    to rise again.
        In addition to that, inflation in health care costs is finally
    coming down, nearer the rate of inflation of the economy as a whole.
    Last year it was just under 4 percent, a 23-year low. This year in the
    first 6 months, it's running at about 2 percent per year and could
    actually finish below the overall rate of inflation for the first time
    in anyone's memory.

    [[Page 1658]]

        So I say to you the country is moving in the right direction. But
    Pittsburgh and America's industrial heartland are also rebuilding. Over
    the past 4 years, the unemployment rate has dropped by a third, to 5
    percent, slightly under the national average. Today, 2,400 high-tech
    companies employ over 90,000 people in the Pittsburgh area. Thousands of
    more manufacturing companies use high-tech and employee creativity to
    make old products in new ways. With specialty steel, biotech computer
    software, and environmental technologies, Pittsburgh will be the heart
    of America's 21st century economy.
        Now, it pleases me greatly to see our country and this community and
    this area moving on the right track to the 21st century with confidence
    and conviction. But there is more to do, and we must press forward. We
    can do better, and we must if we want to give all Americans who are
    willing to work for it the chance to benefit from economic opportunity
    and if we want to grow faster so that living standards can keep rising
    again after being stagnant for nearly 20 years for too many of our
    fellow Americans.
        What else can we do? Well, let's take first things first. You heard
    what Secretary Rubin said. More than ever before, the private sector is
    the engine of economic growth. I am very proud that 93 percent of the
    new jobs created in America in the last 4 years have been in the private
    sector. That is the highest percentage in a very long time. I am proud
    of that.
        We've downsized the Government by about 250,000. It's the smallest
    it's been now since John Kennedy was President. As a percentage of the
    civilian work force, your Federal Government is the smallest it's been
    since 1933 when Franklin Roosevelt took the oath of office. We have not
    done this with big Government programs; we've done it with targeted,
    strategic policies working with the private sector to grow this economy.
    And we have to continue.
        You heard what Secretary Rubin said about the conditions of growth.
    When we cut the deficit by 60 percent--and I might add, this will be the
    first time that an administration has cut the deficit in all 4 years of
    its term since John Tyler was President of the United States in the
    1840's, before the Civil War.
        For all of you here who have been so supportive of me, I have to
    tell you, the bad news is John Tyler was not reelected. [Laughter] But
    it was still a good thing that he did. And it's too bad it took 150
    years to do it again. I'm determined to keep going until we balance the
    budget and do it in the right way.
        Now, I want to take just a minute to talk about this because I have
    to tell you, back in Washington, where political consultants tell
    politicians what will or won't sell out in the country, every political
    consultant says, ``Don't talk about balancing the budget. It only works
    when the economy is bad. When people think the economy is good,
    balancing the budget is boring. Nobody wants to hear about it.''
        But you have to understand, the economy is better because we cut the
    deficit, which meant the Government borrowed less, which meant you could
    borrow more at lower interest rates. And we have to keep trying to
    balance the budget so that we can keep interest rates down on home
    mortgages, car loans, credit card payments, and most importantly, on
    business loans so business can afford to invest, to create new jobs, to
    create greater productivity, to strengthen the pay, the security, the
    incomes, and the future of their workers and their families. That is
    what is at issue here.
        We now would have a balanced budget for the last 2 years, indeed, we
    would have a surplus today if it weren't for the interest we are paying
    on only the debt run up in the 12 years before I took office. We had a
    radical departure from America's history of fiscal responsibility in
    those 12 years. And we quadrupled the national debt. My senior Senator
    from Arkansas, where I'm from, Dale Bumpers, said, ``Well, you can
    understand that. You can have a good time on $200 billion worth of hot
    checks. But sooner or later the bills come due.''
        And the bills came due to us in higher interest rates, slower
    growth, stagnant wages. And we paid and we paid and we paid. So by
    bringing the deficit down in a dramatic and sustained way, we were able
    to get interest rates down, which put money directly back in the pockets
    of ordinary Americans and enabled us to grow more rapidly and grow
    together more. That's why I say we have to finish the job, because we
    want to keep the interest rates down and we want to have growth without
    inflation.
        But we have to do it in the right way. We actually have some
    fundamental responsibilities as a nation that we can best meet together.
    That's the Government's role and our partnership. Yes, we have to make
    sure that we extend the life of the Medicare Trust Fund. I agree with
    that and I have proposed savings to achieve

    [[Page 1659]]

    that. But we should not break up Medicare, turn it into a second-class
    system, treat the oldest, the poorest, and the most ill of our senior
    citizens in an unfair way. The Medicare program has the lowest
    administrative costs of any insurance program, health insurance program,
    in the United States, public or private. It works well and we should not
    destroy it.
        We should not, in my view, endanger the national commitment we made
    30 years ago to provide health care not only to poor but largely to
    middle class families through the Medicaid program, helping seniors into
    nursing homes, helping poor pregnant women and poor little children, and
    among the most important things, helping families who have family
    members with disabilities to keep working and care for their family
    members with disabilities so that they could go together and maintain a
    middle class lifestyle. I believe that would be a mistake, and it's not
    necessary to balance the budget.
        I also don't think we should sacrifice our future. We shouldn't cut
    our investments in education, in environmental protection, in research
    and technology. We need more investments in research and technology. But
    we can balance the budget and still continue to invest an appropriate
    amount there.
        We can also balance the budget and have a tax cut, but it has to be
    one that is paid for line by line and dime by dime. We heard before--
    that's how we got into this mess--we heard before that we would grow our
    way into paying for a tax cut that no one thought we could grow our way
    into paying for. Now, the tax cut that I have proposed is a targeted tax
    cut for families that need it, for child-rearing, for education, for
    health care costs, for homebuying and for selling a home without having
    to pay taxes on the gain from the sale, a $500-per-child tax credit,
    individual retirement accounts you can withdraw from without penalty for
    education, health costs, and first-time homebuying, a capital gains
    exemption for $500,000 on the gain of a sale of a home, and that goes
    with what we have already done, which is to double the earned-income tax
    credit for lower-income working people. It's worth about $1,000 in lower
    taxes today than would have been the case in 1993 for a family of four
    with an income of $28,000 a year or less. It was a big tax cut for about
    15 million American families.
        We made a hundred percent of the small businesses in this country
    eligible for a tax cut if they invest more money in their business by
    taking the expensing provision from $10,000 to $25,000 a year. We made
    the self-employed people who buy their own health insurance eligible for
    a tax cut by taking the premium deductibility from 30--we're moving it
    up to 80 percent of the cost of their premiums. And we had a small
    business capital gains investment: If you invest in a new or growing
    small business and hold the investment for 5 years, you only owe half
    the normal tax rate.
        So these things together, every one of them, is paid for in the
    context of a balanced budget. And I will say again, I believe it is
    imperative, we dare not go back to telling people we can give them
    something that cannot be paid for. It may be popular, but it isn't the
    right thing to do. We ought to have those things that we know we can pay
    for in the context of keeping the interest rates down.
        That's the big difference in me and my opponent and those who
    support the $550-billion across-the-board big tax cut with no idea how
    it's going to be paid for. I can tell you how it will have to be paid
    for. Ask the Congressman; don't take my word for it. Ask the Secretary
    of the Treasury. It will be paid for in two ways. One is, we'll have
    even bigger cuts in Medicaid, Medicare, education, and the environment
    than the ones I vetoed, and it still won't be enough to pay for, so the
    deficit will go up anyway, and that means interest rates will go up.
        Last year, a Republican economist put out a paper I agree with--I
    agree with. Just last year they said if we did not have a plan to move
    toward a balanced budget that was credible in the financial markets it
    would add 2 percent to the interest rates of every American family and
    every American business. That's what they said, not me. So you can go
    home and figure it out. How would it affect you if your credit card
    payment, your home mortgage payment, your car payment went up 2 percent?
    Even worse, how would it affect this area after we have worked so hard
    to finally come out of the devastation of the collapse of the old
    economy here and to build a new economy if all business loans were 2
    percent more expensive.
        What would that do to the creation of new jobs? What would it do to
    Mr. Becker's steel worker members attempting to maintain their

    [[Page 1660]]

    lifestyle, their wages, their health care benefits, their retirement, to
    be productive in a hotly contested global economy for steel? We cannot
    do that. We dare not do that.
        So I ask you again to say, let's balance the budget. That's the
    first thing. Let's do it in a way that maintains our common obligations,
    and let's have a tax cut, but only let's have a tax cut we can pay for
    that will grow the economy and support strong families, targeted to
    childrearing, to education, to the essentials of family life, including
    health care costs and homebuying. That will make America stronger, it
    will grow the economy faster and keep us moving in the right direction.
        Let me just mention two other things. We have to continue to work to
    open more markets to America's products and services. Exports have
    surged by one-third in the last 3 years to a record level, but this is
    now the most productive economy in the world, and there are still too
    many markets that are closed to us, while we have the most open market
    in the world. We have made over 200 separate trade agreements, 21 with
    Japan.
        If you think those things don't matter, let me just give you one
    statistic. In the 21 areas where we have actually made trade agreements
    with Japan, our exports have gone up by 85 percent in 3 years. We need
    more of that. We have to open these markets around the world to the work
    being done here in western Pennsylvania by our people.
        The third thing we have to do, I want to emphasize it again, is we
    have to continue to stay on the cutting edge of change. You should
    support an investment of an appropriate amount of your tax dollars in
    research and technology, because that is the key to our future. Let me
    give you some examples that I think you can all identify with.
        The human genome project at the National Institutes of Health, also
    being supported in universities all across America, will one day in the
    not-too-distant future enable every set of parents that has a little
    baby to get a map of the genetic structure of their child. So if their
    child has a predisposition to a certain kind of illness or a certain
    kind of problem, or even to heart disease or stroke in the early
    forties, they will be able to plan that child's life, that child's
    upbringing to minimize the possibility of the child developing that
    illness or that predisposition, to organize the diet plan, the exercise
    plan, the medical treatment that would enable untold numbers of people
    to have far more full lives than would have been the case before. It
    will also create huge numbers of new, fascinating, high-wage jobs that
    have not even been invented yet for people like the young people who go
    to Robert Morris.
        Example number two, closer to the present day. Medical research,
    funding new medicines, and a dramatic speeding-up of the approval of the
    drug process at the FDA have led to a more than doubling of the life
    expectancy of people with HIV in only 4 years--more than doubling the
    life expectancy of people with HIV and AIDS in just 4 years.
        Example 3. A lot of you heard Christopher Reeve speak at the
    Democratic Convention, and he talked about more research. He said we
    need more research. Just a few days before he spoke, for the first time
    ever, a laboratory animal with a severed spine had movement in its lower
    limbs because of nerve transplants. This had never been done before. We
    are moving in the right direction. That can change the future of
    America.
        I'll just give you one last example, because it always knocks people
    out. We just signed a joint project with IBM and the Federal Government
    to produce a supercomputer in the next couple of years that will do more
    calculations in one second than you can go home and do on your hand-held
    calculator in 30,000 years.
        I say it to make this point: Every time an election comes around,
    somebody will say, ``Well, this is all your money.'' It is all your
    money, but you can't invest in that kind of supercomputer by yourself,
    and even businesses, individually, can't afford to do that. These are
    things societies must do together in common, making common commitments.
    And it's good for you that we're doing this. It will open up new
    frontiers of health and quality of life, it will open new frontiers of
    human knowledge, and we will be thrilled by what we learn.
        We're sending this robotic mission to Mars, two of them, by the end
    of the year. I can tell you that our space program, every single year,
    is reaping untold benefits in what we are learning about the technology
    to deal with our environmental problems here on Earth and what we're
    learning from the weightlessness of human bodies about how to deal with
    health care challenges. So this is an important part of our economic
    strategy for the future.

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        We also have to give families a way of dealing with all of these
    changes. You know, people's job security is different than it used to
    be. And since more and more people are being employed by small
    businesses and the pension plans are changing--more of them, from
    defined benefits into the future to specific contribution requirements--
    and since more and more people are--in the last 10 years have been
    employed in businesses where they didn't have guaranteed health plans,
    if you think about what it takes to succeed at home and succeed at work,
    we need to create a work environment where working people who are
    productive have access to affordable health care and access to a good
    retirement program, and they can carry those things with them when they
    move from job to job if they have to move from job to job. And they need
    the ability to get educated for a lifetime. That is also very important.
        We just passed the Kennedy-Kassebaum bill in Washington which makes
    25 million Americans more eligible for health care by saying that you
    can't be denied health insurance anymore when you move from job to job,
    or just because somebody in your family has been sick; that's what
    insurance is for in the first place. That's a huge improvement.
        This week, Congress is passing legislation to guarantee at least 48
    hours in the hospital for new mothers and their babies--big issue. Our
    balanced budget plan contains a provision paid for in the balanced
    budget to help people keep their health insurance for six months when
    they're between jobs. That could help up to 700,000 kids a year--5
    million Americans are changing jobs, all the time, at any given time.
    It's an important issue.
        Next week, actually Tuesday, to be precise, 10 millions of hard-
    working Americans will get a pay raise when the minimum wage law goes
    into effect. Something that isn't quite as well known is that we also,
    in that bill, passed most of the pension provisions that were sought by
    the White House Conference on Small Business and the American small
    business community which will make it much easier for small businesses
    and self-employed people to take out pensions and for small businesses
    to take out pension plans for themselves and their employees, and then
    for people to move them seamlessly when they move from job to job.
    Secretary Rubin's done a lot of work on that. That's a big deal for
    people who work in small business and who need it; it's very, very
    important.
        One last thing that I've not succeeded in passing in 4 years, but
    I'm going to keep banging away at it until someday I find a Congress
    that likes the idea as much as I do--we have today in America a
    wonderful network of training. We have good vocational schools; we have
    good specialty schools; we have a world-class network of community
    colleges; we have good general universities; we have great colleges like
    Robert Morris that specialize in certain things. This is an incredible
    thing we have, this resource.
        And when people need it, they're smart enough to figure out what
    they need, I believe. That's the reason these institutions are open. If
    nobody had enough sense to come to them, they would shut down, right? I
    mean, by definition, our people--they figure out what's best for them.
        Well, over time, we have developed 70 or more separate specific
    Federal job training programs that were all passed for the best of
    motives. They all really had a good purpose. But now, they're just
    different programs in different categories. And for 4 years, I have been
    trying, and I'm going to keep trying, to get Congress to get rid of all
    of these separate categories of programs and create a simple ``G.I.
    bill'' for America's workers, and say to people, if you lose your job
    and you need new training to get a new job and a better one, or if
    you're grossly underemployed and you're eligible because you're
    underemployed and you're earning very low wages to go back and get
    Federal job training help, we'll just send you a certificate, it will be
    your skills grant. It will be your ``G.I. bill'' that says you get
    $2,500, take it where you want to take it. Take it to Robert Morris,
    take it to the community college, take it to the vocational school. You
    decide. It will help you.
        So these are the things that I believe we need to do to help. Just
    one other thing I think is very important, and I know I'm preaching to
    the saved here because you're all here. But we have got to raise the
    skill level of the American work force generally. It means higher
    standards in our schools. It means more access to computer technology.
    It means a lot of things. But it certainly means making access to
    college universal in America. Everybody who wants to go and is willing
    to work ought to be able to go.

    [[Page 1662]]

        And let me say, my proposals on that include the direct loan program
    we've already put in which lowers the costs of college loans and says
    you can pay them back as a percentage of your income; the AmeriCorps
    program, which has given 50,000 young people a way to pay for college by
    serving in their communities.
        But we want to do three things, three more things that will make a
    big difference. Number one, say that families with joint incomes of up
    to $100,000 can save in an IRA, withdraw from it tax-free if the money
    goes to a college education for their kids. Number two, make at least a
    community college education as universal by the year 2000 as a high
    school diploma is today by simply saying--this requires no program--all
    we have to say is, if you want to go to get 2 more years of college, we
    will let you deduct, dollar for dollar off your tax bill, the cost of a
    typical community college tuition up to $1,500 a year, strict reduction
    off your tax bill for the costs of going back for the first 2 years. And
    I think that is important. And finally, something that would help
    virtually every family represented at Robert Morris College here. I
    believe that the cost of any education after high school, the tuition
    costs, up to $10,000 a year, ought to be tax deductible--any education.
        All of that is paid for in our balanced budget plan. It would make
    America stronger. It would make America stronger, and it would help
    individual families. We also need, I think, to do more to give families
    more options to save for their other purposes, and that's what I wanted
    to talk to you about in some specific detail today.
        Today, America's families have a wide choice of opportunities to
    save, but we want to give them one more that will give them greater
    investment security. I'm grateful today that inflation is low. Inflation
    has been under 3 percent for 3 years in a row for the first time since
    the 1960's, and I am grateful for that. But I also remember well the
    1970's and the early eighties when inflation was high.
        Last spring we announced that we would work to issue a new kind of
    security to protect investors from inflation, to encourage long-term
    savings. We asked for public response to this idea. We got it, and it
    was overwhelmingly positive. So today, we announced a new way to save:
    an inflation protection bond. It will allow middle-class families to
    protect their savings from inflation no matter what. These bonds will
    first be issued on January 15th. They will be available in denominations
    as low as $1,000, the value of the principal will increase as necessary
    over the years to keep up with inflation, and they will pay interest on
    the principal adjusted for inflation. Not a penny of value will ever be
    lost to anyone who buys them because of inflation at whatever rate
    inflation occurs.
        For investors who choose these bonds, there will not be paper gains,
    there will be real gains, and this is a real incentive for families to
    save for their own future and for their children's. I'm thinking about
    this a lot now because of my own situation, because our daughter is
    going off to college next year. We started saving for that a long time
    ago. If you want to save now for a newborn baby's college education, you
    can do it and know that no matter what happens to inflation over the
    next 18 years, it will not erode your investment. You will be able to
    make that savings good in your child's life.
        If you want to start saving for a home, these bonds will enable you
    to start saving now without worrying about inflation. If you want to
    save for retirement or if you're already retired, the bonds will
    guarantee a lifetime of savings as solid as the word of the Treasury.
    Inflation protection bonds can be a solid rock upon which families build
    their futures and their dreams.
        We also want to do two other things to help families save. Within a
    year, the Treasury Department will issue inflation-protected savings
    bonds, things that young people can buy, bonds in denominations as small
    as $50 that employers will be able to offer through their payroll
    deduction plans. And we want to make it even easier to save for training
    and education after high school.
        Today, the interest payments on savings bonds for many families are
    exempt if the money is used to pay for college. In the minimum wage
    legislation I signed, we expanded the number of families that can get
    that break, and today I want to ask Congress to do more. They should be
    available to pay not only for college education but for vocational
    education, and while you have to be 24 years old to get this break
    today, parents of any age should be able to start as soon as they want
    to save for their children. We should encourage savings by all Americans
    and get rid of all the impediments to it. We're going to have to save
    more as individuals, as families, and as a nation. If we want

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    to invest more and be more productive in the future, these actions today
    will help us to achieve that goal.
        I thank you, Secretary Rubin, for what you've done to achieve that.
        Ladies and gentlemen, all of these actions are part of a strategy
    that I've called building a bridge to the 21st century, big enough,
    strong enough, wide enough for everybody to walk across. I believe very
    strongly that our best days are still ahead; I believe that the young
    people in this audience today will have more chances to live out their
    dreams and live up to their God-given potential than any generation of
    Americans ever has if we will meet the challenges, deal with the
    problems, and protect our traditional values that have kept America
    around here for 220 years.
        These young people are going to be doing work that has not been
    invented yet; some of them will be doing things that have not been
    imagined yet. But it will still be America; it will be wonderful; and it
    will be better than ever if we do the right things today.
        Thank you. Thank you very much.

    Note: The President spoke at 11:30 a.m. in the gymnasium. In his
    remarks, he referred to Anthony Gliozzo, student, who introduced the
    President, and Edward A. Nicholson, president, Robert Morris College;
    Ron DiNicola, candidate for Pennsylvania's 21st Congressional District;
    and actor Christopher Reeve. A portion of these remarks could not be
    verified because the tape was incomplete.