[Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: William J. Clinton (1995, Book I)]
[January 10, 1995]
[Pages 23-29]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]



Remarks at Carl Sandburg Community College in Galesburg, Illinois
January 10, 1995

    Thank you for that wonderful and warm welcome. It is wonderful to be 
here. Thank you, Dr. Crist, for making me feel so much at home. Thank 
you, Congressman Evans, for coming down, and Congressman Poshard, 
delighted to see you. And Mayor Kimble, thank you for making me feel 
welcome here. The representatives of Knox College and Blackhawk 
Community College as well as Carl Sandburg Community College, I'm glad 
to see all of you here.
    I'm glad that Secretaries Reich and Riley came with me, and I 
understand they have already spoken, which makes anything I say perhaps 
redundant. [Laughter]
    I met a college president the other day. He looked at me and said, 
``I've got a lot of sympathy with you. Being President is just like 
running a cemetery. You've got a lot of people under you, and nobody is 
listening.'' [Laughter]
    I want to begin by saying how very, very happy and proud I am to be 
here today. I believe as strongly as I can state that community colleges 
represent the very best of America in 1995 and where we need to go as a 
country with all of our institutions, community based, flexible, 
committed to quality, opportunity for everyone, with a real sense of 
community. I'm honored to be here, and I'm honored to have all of you 
here.
    I'd also like to recognize the people who were with me just a few 
moments ago who participated in our little roundtable, who have had some 
experience with this institution. I'd like to ask all of them to stand 
up that were in my private conversation because I want to thank them. 
[Applause] Thank you. They're employers of people who came out of this 
community college. They're students. They're former students. They're 
people who have taught here. They are a picture of America.
    I came here to talk about America, about where we are and where 
we're going. And I don't think we could have picked a better place. This 
place is so steeped in our national history, just as this community 
college is so representative of the best of our present and our future. 
The Underground Railroad came through Galesburg, and as all of you know 
and as you saw just a few moments ago, over 135 years ago, Abraham 
Lincoln and Stephen Douglas met here for one of their famous debates. 
How'd they do just a few minutes ago? [Applause] Thank you. I met them 
outside, and they were still arguing about who really won. [Laughter]
    I identified with what President Lincoln said. He performed so 
brilliantly in those debates, but he lost the Senate race anyway. And he 
said that it hurt too much to laugh, and he

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was too old to cry. And then he said something I have always kept with 
me. In fact, I've got a copy of the exact quote on the wall in my 
private office in the White House. He said after Douglas defeated him 
for the Senate, he was walking home, and it had been raining that day 
and the path was muddy, and one of his feet slipped and hit his other 
foot and knocked his footing out from under him. But just before he 
fell, he righted himself and he smiled, and he said, ``This is a slip 
and not a fall.'' Well, I think we all ought to try to keep that in our 
own minds as we deal with life's challenges and adversity.
    The Lincoln-Douglas debates, as you just heard for a few moments, 
were about the course of our country and the proper role of government 
in a time of great change. In 1858, of course, the issue was slavery. 
Lincoln believed that it was a national issue. Long before he believed 
the Government could abolish slavery, he at least believed the 
Government could stop it from expanding. Douglas believed it was not a 
national issue, that it should be just up to the States or to the 
territories; if they wanted to keep slavery, they could vote for it and 
then come on into the Union.
    The Republican Party was born out of a conviction that even though 
we are a country deeply devoted to limited government, there are some 
things that the times demand national action on and that at that moment 
the times demanded, first, national action to stop the spread of slavery 
and, then, national action to stop slavery.
    About a half a century earlier, the Democratic Party was born in the 
Presidency of Thomas Jefferson, who passionately believed in limited 
government. I was driving across the beautiful Illinois farmland today, 
feeling very much at home, thinking about how Jefferson loved being on 
his farm more than he liked being at the White House and how he wanted 
to limit government. But when he became President, he knew there were 
certain things that he had to use the power of the National Government 
to do because the times demanded it.
    He bought the Louisiana Purchase, $15 million--peanuts, really, to 
us for all that land. I like it because it included Arkansas. So if he 
hadn't done it, I could never have been an American, much less 
President. [Laughter] But at the time it was a stunning, sweeping thing. 
The price of Louisiana was the entire budget of the National Government 
for a year. Can you imagine what you'd think of me if I wanted to spend 
that much on any piece of real estate? [Laughter] But he did.
    Both believed in limited government. Both approved of action by the 
National Government to meet the demands of the time, to do what the 
people needed. Our Founders established this great country under a 
Constitution that limits government. Mostly it limits what government 
can do to private citizens and gives us a lot of elbow room to think 
what we please and say what we please and go where we please and worship 
God as we please. It also limits government in other ways, dividing it 
at the State and local as well as the national level, the President, the 
Congress, the courts. But it was set up to allow all of us to pursue 
life, liberty, and happiness. And it was set up with enough flexibility 
so that over time we could have the kind of government that we needed as 
a people, not the kind of people that the Government needs but the kind 
of government that we need as a people.
    Now we're at another great sea-change period of American history. 
Everyone knows we are moving from an information age--I mean, to an 
information age from an industrialized age in which all organizations 
were bigger, more hierarchical, more bureaucratic, to a time which is 
more flexible, more rapidly changing, more full of opportunity and 
uncertainty. And so we will have to have some changes in what we expect 
our Government to do, but we have to be clear about our purpose.
    I think our purpose has to be to keep the American dream alive for 
all the people in this country into the 21st century and to make sure we 
cross the threshold of the next century still the strongest country in 
the world, still a force for freedom and peace and democracy at home and 
around the world.
    Every American who works hard and obeys the law should be able to 
get ahead in this new world. It should not be a province of opportunity 
for a few. To get that done we face enormous challenges. Most of the 
people who are at a community college know better than I that for the 
last 10 or 15 years the majority of our people have worked longer and 
longer work weeks for the same or lower wages, that in the last year 
alone over a million Americans in working families lost their health 
insurance.

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    This is quite a new phenomenon for us. From World War II until 1978, 
the American economy grew, and all income groups grew at about the same 
rate that the American economy did. So we were rising together. For the 
last 15 years, the top 20 percent of Americans had a dramatic increase 
in their income; the next 20 percent, a modest increase; the next 20 
percent were stagnant; the bottom 40 percent had declines in their 
incomes. We're talking now about working people, not people who are on 
welfare.
    So if a lot of Americans, about half of us, are working harder for 
lower wages--and actually, we also know now, sleeping a little less at 
night--it's no wonder that there's a lot of stress in this country. We 
also know that this is a time of great change. It's not just the 
workplace that's changing; the nature of our communities are changing. 
Our families are under great stress. Life seems to be too random and too 
insecure for too many people. And yet, we have to admit there is no 
country in the world that has remotely an economy as strong as ours, as 
full of opportunity, as full of hope.
    So what's the trick to bridge the gap, to make sure that everybody 
who wants to do the right thing has a chance to make that leap into the 
economy of the future and succeed? That must be the mission of the 
United States in these last 5 years of this century.
    I told these folks that were good enough to spend about 45 minutes 
visiting with me that I probably enjoyed it more than they did because 
before I became President, when I was a Governor, I did this sort of 
thing all the time. I knew that my mission was to generate more jobs and 
increase the education and skills of our people. And I lived in a place 
that was small enough where it was more possible for people to talk 
about political life in nice, calm terms, instead of what normally tends 
to dominate the debate today. But I couldn't help being just overcome 
almost in my admiration for their individual stories, which wouldn't be 
all that much different from your individual stories.
    I ran for President because I wanted to do just what you clapped 
for. I do not believe that we have to go into the future taking 
advantage of all these opportunities for some and letting others fall 
behind and becoming more divided. But I think, as I have said now for 
more than 3 years, we must do three things. We've got to have a new 
economic policy designed to help the American people compete and win in 
a global economy in which the Government is a partner with people in 
their private lives and in private business in expanding opportunity.
    In the first 2 years, that meant that we had to cut the deficit 
because we spent the 1980's dealing with our economic problems, trying 
to spend our way out of them, and exploding the deficit. Now, I know 
that's not very popular. It's kind of like going to the dentist. 
Everybody's for going to the dentist, in general. Did you ever see 
anybody who wanted to do it in particular when it came their time to go 
to the dentist? That's the way the deficit is. Everybody says--you take 
a poll; people will say, ``Yes, cut the deficit.'' But then we have to 
do the things to do it. It's not very popular. It's like going to the 
dentist. So I had a drill in your tooth the last 2 years. But we cut the 
deficit by $700 billion, thanks to the help of those two gentlemen. And 
that's $11,000 a family. That's not a small piece of change.
    And we expanded trade, and that was controversial. A lot of my best 
supporters said, ``Why are you trying to do all these trade deals? The 
more we trade, the more we have low-cost products from low-wage 
countries coming into America, putting pressure on American wages.'' 
That's true, but it's only half true. Now, if we don't do anything, 
that's happening. That's been happening for years. And it is true that 
some of our people have either lost their jobs or can't get wage 
increases because they're competing with products from overseas, 
produced by people who work for wages we can't live on. That's true. 
It's also true that when we sell things to other countries, on balance 
the people who make the things and the services we sell to other 
countries make wages above the national average. So if we don't do the 
trade deals, we'll get the downside of the trade war. The reason I 
fought for the trade agreements was so we could create more high-wage 
jobs in America by selling more world-class American products around the 
world. And it's working. So we need a new economic policy. We've got to 
sell. We've got to produce. We've got to be productive, and it has to be 
a partnership.
    The second thing we need is what I called during my Presidential 
campaign a New Covenant, a new approach to our society. It was then, it 
has been for 2 years, and it will always remain my contract with you. 
But it's about more than a tax cut, although cutting taxes are part of 
it. I believe what this country needs

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on a national basis is what I see at the community college here. What 
those of us in the position to do so ought to be doing is expanding 
opportunity but only for those who will exercise the personal 
responsibility to make the most of those opportunities.
    You build a community with opportunity and with responsibility, with 
rights and responsibilities. You can't have one without the other and 
last for a long time. You can't have people being responsible all the 
time and never getting anything for it. Pretty soon they get tired. But 
neither can you have people getting things all the time and never giving 
anything back. Pretty soon the well runs dry.
    So that's what we've been trying to do. That's what the crime bill 
was all about. We cut the Government bureaucracy over 5 years by 270,000 
people and gave all the money back to local communities to hire police, 
to build prisons, to drug treatment programs, to do things that would 
lower the crime rate at the grassroots level for people who use the 
money right and were responsible.
    That's what I hope this welfare reform debate that we're ginning up 
again after a year will be all about in Washington. I do not believe 
that most Americans really want simply to reduce welfare so that we can 
punish poor people. I think what most Americans want is a welfare system 
that puts an end to welfare, that puts people to work and lets them be 
responsible parents instead of just having kids. I think that's what we 
want.
    And that's why we have invested so much in education, because 
education by definition is part of a covenant. You cannot educate 
somebody who will not be educated. All you can do is throw the lifeline 
of opportunity out there, and someone either does it or not. They either 
exercise their own responsibility or not.
    So we worked to expand Head Start and to set standards that are 
great for our Nation's schools and to have new partnerships for young 
people that don't go to college to get further education. And we 
reformed drastically the college loan program so we could cut the costs 
and string out the repayments and make it something that could really be 
used by people instead of just another headache. And that's all made a 
difference I think. So a new economic policy, a New Covenant, a new 
social policy.
    The third thing we've tried to do is to give you a different kind of 
Government, to have the Government in Washington change, the way the 
economy is changing, to have it be smaller, yes, but also more 
effective; to literally reinvent Government, to use the Vice President's 
phrase, by cutting the bureaucracy to its smallest size in 30 years but 
increasing our ability to solve problems that the Federal Government 
needs to solve. There are 100,000 fewer people working in Washington, 
DC, or for the Federal Government today than there were on the day I was 
inaugurated President, but we have solved a lot of problems that were 
left too long. And I would just give you one or two examples.
    Small business people used to have to fill out a multipage form that 
took them hours to fill out to get an SBA loan. We've taken that down to 
one page, and you can get an answer in 3 days now. So that's an example 
of what we're trying to do to reinvent the Government.
    I don't know if the Secretary of Labor mentioned this, but at the 
end of last year, we reformed the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation--
that's a mouthful. That's the group in Washington that's supposed to 
keep your pension well. And it's going to help save the pensions of 8\1/
2\ million Americans whose retirement was at risk after years and years 
and years of hard work.
    There are problems the Federal Government still should be solving. 
And when the floods were raging here, the 500-year flood, up and down in 
Illinois and Iowa, after years in which the Federal Emergency Management 
Agency was the goat of the Federal Government and everybody complained 
about it, I think you saw by the way they showed up and the way they 
performed that it is working now. It is effective. It is doing its job.
    So we're moving in these directions. But it is not enough. What are 
the results of the first 2 years, not from our point of view in what we 
did but from your lives. Well, we have 5.6 million more jobs, and that's 
a good thing. And the unemployment rate has dropped very low by historic 
standards, although not low enough to suit me. It's still dropped quite 
a bit, by more than 2 percent. And 5.6 million new jobs is nothing to 
sneeze at.
    And manufacturing jobs went up in every month in 1994 for the first 
time since 1978, which means that manufacturing is not inconsistent with 
the information age. It helps our manufacturing come back when we 
increase productivity and use computers and educate our work-


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ers. So that's good; that's all good. But most folks still haven't 
gotten a pay raise out of this recovery. Many people are still worried 
about losing their jobs. Another million Americans lost their health 
insurance. Why is that? That is because the wages are still set in an 
environment that is highly competitive because of technological changes 
and foreign competition.
    So if we want to raise incomes, the only way you can do it is to get 
more high-wage jobs in this country, take less out of working people's 
pockets, or increase their education and training. There is no other way 
to do it. And that's what we have to do. So what I want to do now is--we 
worked hard to get the fundamentals fixed for 2 years--I want to spend 2 
years working on lifting incomes and prospects and optimism and real 
hope for the future among people who are carrying the load in this 
country. That's what we can do. And that's what the middle class bill of 
rights is all about.
    I might as well have called it the bill of rights and 
responsibilities, because it doesn't do anything for anybody who's not 
already doing something for himself or herself. Anybody can give a tax 
cut, but what I want to do is cut taxes in a way that strengthens 
families and raise incomes. That's what we need to be doing in this 
country: We need to strengthen families; we need to raise incomes.
    Fifty years ago, the GI bill of rights helped transform a wartime 
economy into the most successful peacetime economy in history. It 
literally built the great American middle class, helping them get houses 
and education and to raise their kids. And now what I want to do is to 
implement this middle class bill of rights, these ideas that will help 
us move into the 21st century with the American dream alive for 
everyone.
    Now, if you agree with the analysis I just gave you, I hope you will 
agree with the particulars. First of all, I think people ought to be 
able to deduct the cost of education after high school from their taxes. 
If you think about it, you can deduct the interest on your home. Why? 
Because we want people to buy homes; we want people to be homeowners. We 
think it's a good thing. It's important to being an American and having 
a solid life. Well, in the 21st century, and in 1995, and with all the 
people I just finished talking to, having a decent education is also 
important to being in the middle class. And you may not get to the 
homeownership stage if you don't have an education in the first place. 
So we ought to let people deduct the cost of an education.
    Secondly, we ought to try to support working families more, and so I 
recommended a tax credit, or a tax reduction, of $500 a child for every 
child under 13 in families with incomes of $75,000 a year or less. In 
1993, we cut taxes an average of $1,000 a year for working families who 
were on really modest incomes and having a hard time making ends meet. 
It's now $26,000 a year or less will get an average of $1,000 tax cut 
below what the taxes were when I took office. But this will help people 
raise their children.
    Third, I believe we ought to bring back the IRA, the individual 
retirement account, let people put $2,000 in it. But under our proposal, 
you could take the money out in any year, tax-free, as long as you spent 
it on education, health insurance, buying a home for the first time, or 
the care of an elderly parent. This would empower people to solve their 
own problems. It's something that government can let you do for 
yourself. It requires no bureaucracy. It requires no program. It 
requires nothing, just letting you withdraw money you save, tax-free, to 
solve a problem for yourselves and for the United States.
    Finally, finally, we propose to take the literally billions of 
dollars the Government now spends on dozens, literally dozens, of 
different training programs and consolidate those programs and make that 
money directly available to people who are now eligible for it. That is, 
today, people who are unemployed can get help from a Government training 
program. And people who are on quite modest incomes who are eligible, 
for example, to participate in the Job Training and Partnership Act 
training programs can get help through a training program. But there are 
literally dozens of these programs. You've got to figure out what you're 
eligible for, what the criteria are, where the program is, are you going 
to be in it. I mean, by the time you get through fooling with it, it may 
seem like it's not worth the trouble. We discovered that we could 
collapse 50 of these programs and just give you the money if you're 
eligible for it, and it would make people who are eligible able to get a 
chit, a voucher for education only, worth up to $2,600 a year for 2 
years.
    Now, that's better than having a Federal bureaucracy. It's better 
than giving the money to a State bureaucracy. Everybody in America, just

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about, is within driving distance of a community college now. We do not 
need all these separate Government programs telling people what to do. 
We ought to just give you the money if you're eligible for it and let 
you bring it here and get a good education. That's the fourth element of 
our program.
    I like this middle class bill of rights a lot because it furthers 
all three objectives that I had when I ran for President. It helps us 
build a new economy. The more people we educate, the more powerful our 
Nation will be, the stronger our economy will be. It helps us build a 
New Covenant. We offer more opportunity to people if they exercise the 
responsibility to take it, they have the power to improve their own 
lives. All of you do. You know that, or you wouldn't be here today.
    And it changes the way Government works. Government is still being 
used to help expand opportunity but in a less bureaucratic, less 
mandatory, more empowering way. I like it, and I hope the Congress will 
like it as well. And I hope you will help them like it by telling them 
that you like it.
    Under this last proposal--let me just give you one example. If we 
want to set up centers where what the Government does is make sure you 
have information on the jobs that are available in an area and the 
educational opportunities that are available in one place, you could 
show up at the local one-stop center and find out, for example, here 
about jobs opening up at Maytag because of the new $164 million 
retooling project they've got underway. Then you could figure out 
whether you could get the skills needed to be a part of that project in 
this place. And if you could, if you qualified, you could simply take 
your certificate, show up here, and start to school. Much better than 
having to enroll in some sort of program.
    Here at this community college--and this is true all over the 
country, maybe not quite this good, but this is typical--there is an 
extraordinary job placement rate of over 94 percent at an average wage 
of nearly $12 an hour. And believe me, that's a lot better than a lot of 
people are facing who have no education and training and who have been 
left behind by the changes that are going on in our economy.
    This is the kind of opportunity that I believe the middle class bill 
of rights can help create. This will enable us to finish the job. Yes, 
we have laid the foundations of a disciplined, responsible economic 
policy. Yes, we have taken a strong stand against crime. Yes, we know--
and I hope we'll have a bipartisan consensus on what to do about 
problems like welfare. But until we know that we have done everything we 
can to use the power of this country to give every American the 
opportunity to win in this global economy, the job will not be finished. 
That, more than anything else, can keep the American dream alive in the 
21st century.
    So, as I go back to Washington, I ask all of you, Republicans and 
Democrats, to tell the people who represent you in Washington to adopt 
the same attitude about these challenges that you have. If you think 
about it, in every new time our country faces, there are new problems 
that have no necessary partisan solution. And the problems fall over 
everybody and the opportunities come to people without regard to their 
party, their philosophy, their race, or their region today. We should be 
united in tackling these problems. They are America's problems and 
America's opportunities.
    You have seen over and over and over again, probably enough to make 
you scream, that people in Washington know how to stop things for 
partisan gain. It's now time for us to join together and do things for 
the people's gain. That's what you expect us to do. That's what we need 
to do. That's what will take us into the next century with the American 
dream alive and well, stronger than ever, and America stronger than 
ever.
    I am convinced--I am convinced--having traveled the world now on 
your behalf, having seen what is going on in Europe, having seen what is 
going on in Asia, having met with the leaders of all the Latin American 
countries, having a feel for what is happening in this world, I am 
convinced more than ever in my life that the best days of this country 
are still ahead of us if we remember that there are no guarantees.
    The Founders gave us the right to pursue life, liberty, happiness. 
That's what they gave us the right to do. Over 70 years ago, your 
namesake here, Carl Sandburg, wrote a poem inspired by the Washington 
Monument. And I want to close with the line from that poem that meant 
the most to me: ``Nothing happens unless, first, a dream.'' More than 
anything, more even than our Constitution and laws, this country is a 
dream. And it is our job to renew it.

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    Thank you very much, and God bless you all.

Note: The President spoke at 12:44 p.m. in the gymnasium. In his 
remarks, he referred to Don Crist, president of the college, and Mayor 
Fred Kimble of Galesburg.