[Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: William J. Clinton (1994, Book II)]
[October 18, 1994]
[Pages 1789-1793]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]



Interview With Mark Riley and Laura Blackburne of WLIB Radio,
New York City
October 18, 1994

    Mr. Riley. Mr. President, good morning.
    The President. Good morning. How are you?
    Mr. Riley. Fine, thank you.

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    Ms. Blackburne. Good morning, Mr. President.
    Mr. Riley. Thank you so much for being with us.
    The President. I'm glad to do it. It's nice to hear your voice.

President's Visit to New York City

    Mr. Riley. Mr. President, you're coming here to New York tomorrow to 
speak to issues pertaining directly to the economy at a session that was 
called by Governor Mario Cuomo. Tell us a bit about this particular 
event.
    The President. Well, I was invited by the Governor to speak there on 
the Governor's Leadership Conference on the Future of the Economy, and I 
wanted to come and talk about what we have done so far in the first 2 
years of our administration to try to help bring back the national 
economy and the New York economy.
    The unemployment rate in New York has dropped 2 percentage points 
since I've been President. New businesses are up; the business failure 
rate is down about 20 percent. We're moving forward. But there are still 
some significant challenges for the New York economy. There are still 
people who want jobs who don't have them. There are people who are stuck 
in jobs who aren't getting raises. There are still large numbers of 
people without health insurance. There are still some barriers to 
investment in inner cities and in some of your rural areas, too.
    So what I want to do is talk about the partnership that I see 
unfolding in the next couple of years, how New York can make the most of 
the enterprise zone concept that I'm pushing, how New York can make the 
most of the community development banks that we just created to make 
loans to low income people in inner cities to start their own businesses 
and to get investment flowing. I just want to talk about how we can 
bring this economy back even more and how the people who haven't been 
touched by the recovery can be helped.

Community Development and Job Creation

    Ms. Blackburne. Mr. President, I wanted to ask you, many of the 
people that are in the WLIB listening area are very much affected by the 
fact that jobs are not available to them. We have people involved in 
their own entrepreneurial efforts who are being frustrated. Part of it 
is seen as an unwillingness on the part of the Republican administration 
to target jobs to people in the African-American community. How would 
your partnership address that?
    The President. It would do that in several ways. First of all, we're 
trying to make the African-American community more accessible to capital 
to start jobs. One real problem we have in America is that once areas 
get high unemployment rates and people leave it, don't invest there, 
it's almost impossible to get loans to start businesses and to begin 
them. Floyd Flake, a Congressman from Queens, has been particularly 
active in working to help to set up a new network of development banks 
around the country so that we can get money, capital, into these areas 
to start businesses.
    If you look at the opportunities for economic growth within America, 
inner-city areas and rural areas, especially those that are heavily 
minority populated are a great opportunity for economic growth, because 
unemployment is high and the potential for consumer demand to grow is 
enormous. So the first thing we've got to do is to get some money in 
there.
    The second thing we have to do is to try to increase direct 
investment in the form of infrastructure projects, community development 
projects. And one of the things that came out of the crime bill, for 
example, was a real commitment to try to put people to work at the 
grassroots level in neighborhoods, solving the problems of the 
neighborhoods there. And that will become a short-term boost in a lot of 
our cities throughout the country.
    Over the long run, what we've got to do is get investment there. And 
the last thing I want to point out is that we really worked hard to 
increase the capacity of people in the inner cities to get the training 
they need to take the jobs that are opening up. Like New York, for 
example, has gained about 102,000 jobs in the private sector since I've 
been President. In the previous 4 years, New York lost 500,000 jobs. So 
there will still be a lot of people who once had jobs who don't now--
that's 300,000 different--but it shows you we're coming back. What we've 
got to do is keep the jobs coming back and also make sure people who are 
unemployed can get those jobs.

Welfare Reform

    Mr. Riley. Mr. President, I wanted to ask you about one initiative 
that you put forward this year, and that's specifically welfare reform.

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There are a number of poor people and single mothers in our listening 
audience who feel demonized when the subject of welfare reform comes up, 
because it appears as though they are being stereotyped in terms of not 
wanting to work, not wanting to find a job, et cetera, when it has been 
the experience of many people in our community that this is not the 
case, that many people on public assistance want desperately to find 
jobs. Tell us how your welfare reform program would speak to this 
seeming demonization of single mothers and the poor.
    The President. Well, first of all, let me say I agree with what you 
just said. One of the things that I try to say every time I mention this 
issue is that the people who most want relief from welfare dependency 
are the people who are on welfare. I have spent probably more time with 
people who are actually on public assistance rolls--who are mostly, as 
you know, young women and their children--than any President ever has, 
because I served several years as a Governor and I did a lot of work on 
welfare reform.
    What our program would do is to, first of all, try to do more to 
empower people to move from welfare to work through adequate education 
and training and health care and child care for the children of welfare 
recipients, so they can facilitate their move into the workplace.
    We also have lowered taxes on workers with children who work full-
time for very modest wages so they won't be falling back into poverty, 
there won't be an incentive to go back on welfare if they get a job.
    Now, the trick is going to be how to create enough jobs for people 
to get them. That is, once you train people for work and once you say 
that after 2 years they have to go to work if they're not, then there 
have to be jobs there available. And there are only two options: You 
either have to have some sort of incentive for the private sector to 
hire more people, or people have to go to work in public jobs, community 
service jobs. And we're working on both. I just approved--I've approved 
18 experiments in 18 separate States to try things to put people from 
welfare to work. And the State of Oregon has just gotten permission from 
our administration to actually give welfare checks to private employers 
as a supplement, and then the employer puts in some pay over and above 
that. And the idea is that the private work force will grow a lot more 
because of this extra incentive, and the welfare recipient will get more 
money than would have been the case just drawing the welfare check by 
going to work.
    So we're doing a lot of things in an experimental way right now to 
try to make sure we have the jobs there, because I am convinced that 
almost all people on welfare, given the proper training and knowing that 
their children won't lose their health care coverage, will gladly choose 
work over welfare.

President's Vision

    Ms. Blackburne. I agree with that, Mr. President. I wanted to ask 
another question, a little broader, moving away directly from the 
economy for a moment. You've been pretty much beat up and brutalized as 
the President. And many of the great things that you have done and 
wanted to do have been sort of made to appear frivolous and silly. What 
is it that you do personally--[inaudible]--your vision of how you see 
your Presidency going? How do you keep your dream alive?
    The President. That's one of the best questions anybody's ever asked 
me. Well, first of all, I work on it a lot personally. I mean, I begin 
each day and I end each day talking with my wife about where we are and 
where we're going. I pray a lot. And I try to remember every day I'm 
here that there are real people out there I'm trying to help and that 
there may be times when a lot of Americans don't even know what I've 
done or tried to do because of the incredible contentious atmosphere in 
which public life is conducted today.
    But I just try to keep my eyes on my vision for this country. I want 
to keep the American dream alive for every American. I want us to go 
into the next century with everybody being able to compete and win in 
this global economy. I want it to be a more peaceful world.
    And I know that the economy is in better shape, that we're doing 
things for ordinary Americans, like family leave and immunizing children 
and trying to get investments into poor areas. I know that this country 
is a safer and more secure place because Russian missiles aren't pointed 
at us, and we're making peace in Haiti, the Middle East, Northern 
Ireland.
    I know that we're moving in the right direction, and I just have to 
keep that flame alive inside me. I tell our staff all the time, when 
things get really rough around here because of the politics, that it's 
not important every day

[[Page 1792]]

what ordinary Americans think about us, but it is important what we 
think about ordinary Americans every day and that we just keep our 
vision alive, and I work on it.
    But you asked a good question, and it's harder some days than 
others, but I find that if I really follow a disciplined effort to just 
work at the task every day and to remember the people, the real 
Americans that are out there I'm trying to help, every day is still a 
joy to go to work.
    Ms. Blackburne. That's great.

Democratic Congressional Support

    Mr. Riley. Mr. President, there seems to be a perception afoot among 
many in the country that the Republican Party seems to be more organized 
around its agenda than the Democrats are around theirs. Many of your 
initiatives, including a jobs bill that would have brought some money to 
New York, were scuttled in some measure or to some extent by members of 
your own party. Why is that? Why does it appear to most Americans that 
the Republicans are organized, they know what they want, but the 
Democrats don't?
    The President. Well, part of it is what they want to do. Sam Rayburn 
said, ``Any jackass can kick down a barn. It takes a carpenter to build 
one.'' [Laughter] So it's a lot easier to kick down the barn, you know. 
They all voted against my economic program, for example, which brought 
the deficit down and brought the economy back and provided college loans 
to 20 million people and Head Start positions to 200,000 more kids and 
immunizations to all the children in this country under the age of 2. I 
mean, they all voted against it. They just lined up like robots and said 
no.
    So they, at the end of this session of Congress, they killed 
campaign finance reform and political lobby reform and some important 
environmental measures to clean up toxic waste dumps, for example. They 
just killed them all because they didn't want anybody to be able to say 
that they'd done these things. So it's easier to say no than to say yes. 
You can always find a reason to say no, particularly if you think it's 
politically advantageous.
    Now, the Democrats, on the other hand, if you go back 50 years, the 
Democratic Party has always been, particularly in the Congress, much 
more diverse. You know, we have very liberal Democrats; we have very 
conservative Democrats. We have Democrats that come from very rural 
areas; we have Democrats that come from the inner city. And when you're 
trying to put together a program to actually do things, it's harder to 
do.
    Now having said that, let me just say one thing in defense of the 
Democrats in the Congress. We haven't gotten the figures for this year, 
but last year, according to the Congressional Quarterly, which is a 
nonpartisan research service, the Democrats in the Congress supported me 
more strongly than any President since Roosevelt, except for one brief 
period when President Johnson was passing the civil rights legislation. 
And we had a higher rate of success in passing bills through Congress 
last year, even though the stimulus didn't pass, than any President 
except for President Eisenhower in '53 and President Johnson in '65.
    So I think that the Congress has gotten a little bit of a bum rap. 
If they fail to do something, it's news for weeks. If they do something, 
it's news for 30 minutes. So, we actually--if you look at what we did, 
we passed an economic program that reversed trickle-down economics; 
we've passed major expansions in global trade; we've done an awful lot. 
I've mentioned a few things, family leave, the motor voter bill, tax 
cuts for low income working families. We passed the Brady bill, and we 
passed the crime bill with its ban on assault weapons and juvenile 
handgun ownership and prevention programs and 100,000 more police for 
our cities, in the face of bitter, bitter Republican opposition.
    So, if you look at the overall record, we've been able to do quite a 
bit. Do I wish we'd done more? Yes, I do. Do I hope we'll do more next 
year? I wish--you know, we had another million Americans lose their 
health insurance this year. I want to pass health care reform. But we've 
done quite a lot, and I think it's important to defend the Democrats for 
hanging together as much as they have, because they've had to do it in 
the face of this blistering criticism and people distorting all out of 
proportion their positions and what they've done. So, I'd say, like Mr. 
Rayburn said, it's easier to kick down a barn than build one. And we're 
the barn builders, and we're going to keep trying to do it.

Haiti

    Mr. Riley. Mr. President, thank you so much for being with us on 
WLIB this morning. On behalf of our very large Haitian listening audi-


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ence, I have to say, on a personal note, thank you for what you did in 
Haiti.
    The President. Well, I am elated so far. President Aristide has done 
a fine job. And our young men and women in uniform, some of whom by the 
way are Haitian-Americans, have performed superbly down there. I'm very, 
very proud of them.
    Looking forward to being with Governor Cuomo tomorrow and talking 
about New York's future.
    Mr. Riley. Okay.
    Ms. Blackburne. Thank you, Mr. President.
    The President. Thank you. Goodbye.
    Mr. Riley. Thank you. I hope that you can come by our studio one 
day.
    The President. Thanks.
    Mr. Riley. You take care.
    The President. Goodbye.

Note: The interview began at 9:50 a.m. The President spoke by telephone 
from the Oval Office at the White House.