[Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: William J. Clinton (1994, Book II)]
[August 3, 1994]
[Pages 1417-1427]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]



The President's News Conference
August 3, 1994

    The President. Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Tonight I want to 
speak with you about crime, health care, and the progress of our 
national economic strategy. As I have said so many times, the central 
mission of this administration, renewing the American dream, requires us 
to restore economic growth, rebuild American communities, empower 
individual citizens to take personal responsibility for their own 
futures, and make Government work for ordinary citizens again. We are 
making progress.
    Remember, we are about, now, a year from the time when Congress 
passed our economic recovery plan. I remember then that our opponents 
said if that plan passed the sky would fall, unemployment would go up, 
the deficit would explode. Well, they were wrong. Look at the facts. We 
cut $255 billion in spending; raised tax rates on only 1.2 percent of 
the wealthiest Americans; cut taxes for 15 million working families of 
modest incomes; made 90 percent of our small businesses eligible for a 
tax cut and 20 million Americans available or eligible to refinance 
their college loans at lower interest rates. Now the deficit is going 
down 3 years in a row for the first time since Harry Truman was 
President. We've got almost 4 million new jobs, very low inflation, a 
1\1/2\ percent drop in unemployment.
    There were other skeptics later who said the sky would fall if we 
passed the North American Free Trade Agreement. They, too, were wrong. 
We can see this year that automobile sales, for example, to Mexico are 
growing at five times the rate of last year, and our trade with Mexico 
is growing more rapidly than that with any other country. And while I 
know an awful lot of people are still hurting, the road ahead looks 
good. According to Fortune Magazine, for the first time in a decade, all 
50 States will expand their private economies next year. Let me say that 
again. For the first time in a decade, all 50 States will experience 
economic growth next year.
    None of this came without a fight. And now we're involved in two 
more historic fights. The first is on crime. We have a chance to pass 
the toughest, smartest crime bill in the history of the United States 
after 6 years of bickering over it. Let me remind you of what that bill 
will do. It will put 100,000 police officers on the streets of our 
communities, a 20 percent increase. It will make ``three strikes and 
you're out'' the law of the land. It will ban deadly assault weapons and 
handgun ownership by minors. It will provide tougher sentences for 
violent criminals and more prisons to put them in. And we've listened to 
police, prosecutors, and community leaders who tell us that they need 
much more for prevention programs, to give our young people something to 
say yes to as well as something to say no to.
    Believe it or not, there are still special interests here in 
Washington trying to derail this crime bill. But we are fighting them 
and the American people will win this fight, too.
    Still, the recovery we are building, the communities we are trying 
to make safer, the individual citizens we're trying to empower to 
compete and win in the global economy, all of these people are at risk 
unless and until we reform health care.
    Our system still costs too much and covers too few. It is actually 
going in the wrong direction. In the past 5 years, 5 million more 
Americans have lost their health insurance, almost all

[[Page 1418]]

of them working people and their children. We're fighting for health 
care reform not just for those who don't have health insurance, but for 
those who do have it and who could lose it because they have to change 
jobs, because someone in their family gets sick, because they simply 
have to pay too much for it. They deserve better, and we're fighting to 
see that they get it.
    We want to guarantee private, not Government, insurance for every 
American. The plan I originally proposed has been changed, and much of 
it for the better. The proposals before Congress are less bureaucratic. 
They're more flexible. They provide more protection and support for 
small business. They contain a reasonable phase-in time, over a period 
of years, to make sure we get it right. No bureaucrat will pick your 
doctor. You can keep your own plan or pick a better one. This approach 
controls Government spending but relies on competitive forces in the 
free market to restrain the growth of private health insurance premiums. 
Much of it has changed for the better. But one rock-solid principle 
remains: private insurance guaranteed for everyone.
    We know it will work. For 20 years Hawaii has required employers and 
employees to split the cost of insuring all employees. People still pick 
their doctors there. Health care is getting better there. The economy is 
doing well there. And almost everything in Hawaii is more expensive than 
it is here on the mainland, except for health insurance, where small 
businesses pay health insurance costs that are, on average, 30 percent 
lower than they are in the rest of America.
    Now, after 60 years of trying and 18 months of sometimes trying 
debate, the question of guaranteeing coverage for all Americans has come 
to the floor of the Congress and will be decided in the next few weeks 
in a few critical votes. The votes will be soon and they will be close. 
I want to urge the American people to tell their Senators and 
Congressmen to put aside partisanship and think of the American people 
and their fundamental interests and needs. We have an historic 
opportunity. We dare not pass it up. This is a fight for the American 
people we also have to win.

Health Care Legislation

    Q. Mr. President, in January, you waved a pen and said you would 
veto legislation that didn't guarantee every American private health 
insurance that could never be taken away. Now you've indicated you will 
support a Senate bill that does not guarantee coverage and sets a goal 
of 95 percent, leaving millions of Americans uninsured. Are you now 
revising your veto threat? And doesn't the fact that you indicated you'd 
support this less ambitious Senate plan make it harder for House Members 
to go along with a bill that's more like your original proposal?
    The President. Well, first of all, I disagree with your 
characterization of the Mitchell bill. I believe it will achieve 
universal coverage for all Americans, and that is the one criteria I 
have set out. What the Mitchell bill says is, is that if you make a 
dramatic amount of progress in a short time--that is, if you move from 
where we are now, at about 83 percent of coverage, up to 95 percent in a 
few years--that is evidence that we can achieve full coverage in the 
near future without requiring insurance to be bought. That is what that 
bill says.
    If it is deficit neutral, and if it is passed in the way that it is, 
I believe it will achieve full coverage, because what the bill also says 
is, if we don't make that amount of progress in a few years, there will 
be a requirement on the Congress to provide for full coverage, and if 
the Congress doesn't act, then automatically employers and employees 
will be required to purchase insurance. I believe it does meet the 
objective I set out in the State of the Union Address, and I would sign 
it.
    Q. What about the second part of the question, Mr. President? 
Doesn't it make the fact that you've now indicated support for a less 
ambitious Senate bill--won't that make it harder to persuade House 
people to go along with a stronger bill?
    The President. Well, what the Mitchell bill does is to put the 
employer requirement at the end of the process, rather than at the 
beginning. And Senator Mitchell is convinced that that is the most 
ambitious bill he can pass, but that it meets the requirement; and it 
says to the people who have not been supportive of our approach, ``Look, 
we'll try it in a competitive way first, and if that doesn't work, then 
we'll have a requirement.'' I think the same debate is going on in the 
House.
    My own view is that the questions now should shift to the members of 
the other party, to the congressional Republicans. At one time, when

[[Page 1419]]

we started this debate and I said I wanted universal coverage, many 
Members in Congress stood up and clapped, of both parties. At one time 
there were 2 dozen Republican Senators on a bill to give universal 
coverage to all Americans. They have all abandoned that bill. We have 
reached out to them, as was our responsibility to try to work together 
in a bipartisan fashion, and every time we have done it, they have moved 
away.
    So the questions now should shift to them: Are we going to cover all 
Americans or not? Are we going to have a bill that provides health care 
security or not? If you don't like our approaches in the Senate and the 
House, what is your alternative? That's what I hope we'll see.

Haiti

    Q. Mr. President, on Haiti, you sought and received the approval of 
the United Nations to launch an invasion if necessary. Why do you need a 
green light from the international community and not from the American 
Congress? Will you ask lawmakers to take it up?
    The President. Well first, let me say that I agree with the 
resolution adopted by the Senate today that the action of the United 
Nations should not be interpreted as an approval by Congress. It has no 
impact on what Congress would do.
    Second, let me say I think all Americans should be pleased that the 
United Nations has stated with a strong, firm voice--that includes many 
voices from our own area--that we should keep on the table the option of 
forcibly removing the dictators who had usurped power in Haiti and who 
have trampled human rights and murdered innocent people.
    Now, let me remind you all of what our interests are there. We have 
Americans living and working there, several thousands of them. We have a 
million Haitian Americans in this country who have family and friends 
there. We have an interest in promoting democracy in our hemisphere. We 
have an interest in stabilizing those democracies that are in our 
hemisphere. For the first time ever, 33 of the 35 nations in the 
Caribbean and Central and South America are governed by popularly 
elected leaders, but many of those democracies are fragile. As we look 
ahead to the next century, we need a strong and democratic Latin America 
and Central America and Caribbean with which to trade and grow.
    So those are our fundamental interests. I would welcome the support 
of the Congress, and I hope that I will have that. Like my predecessors 
of both parties, I have not agreed that I was constitutionally mandated 
to get it. But at this moment I think we have done all we need to do 
because I don't want to cross that bridge until we come to it. We have 
kept force on the table. We have continued to move it up as an option as 
the dictators there have been more obstinate. But it is premature, in my 
judgment, to go beyond that now.

Whitewater Hearings

    Q. President Clinton, a number of political analysts, including some 
who are quite friendly to you, have said that the focus on the 
Whitewater affair has both undercut public confidence in you and also in 
your ability to get your programs through Congress. Do you agree with 
that? And what impact do you think Whitewater has had, particularly with 
the hearings this week?
    The President. Well, I would think, first of all, in the last couple 
of weeks it should have been very helpful to the administration because 
we have seen three reports: one from the Special Counsel, Mr. Fiske, who 
has said there was absolutely no violation of the law in any of these 
contracts; and then two, one by the Office of Government Ethics and one 
by Mr. Cutler, the White House Counsel, saying that no ethical rule was 
violated. Secondly, we have been fully cooperative as we always said we 
would be. So from my point of view, we've done all we could.
    Now, I can't say what the impact has been. All I can tell you is 
that I said we would cooperate fully, and we have. I have said 
repeatedly that I did nothing wrong, and I didn't. And I have continued 
to work for the welfare and the interest of the American people.
    Almost all--I've watched none of these hearings. I've not kept up 
with them. I've been working on jobs and health care and the crime bill 
and peace in the Middle East and doing the things I was hired to do by 
the American people. They will have to make up their mind when all the 
dust clears what they think the impact of it is. But I'm convinced we're 
having a very productive time. I think we'll get this crime bill. We 
have health care bills providing universal coverage on the floor of both 
Houses

[[Page 1420]]

of Congress for the first time in the history of the Republic. No 
President since Harry Truman has been able to do that, and many have 
tried, including President Nixon. So I feel good about the progress 
we're making, and that's all I can worry about. I've got to get up there 
every day and go to work and try to help the American people.
    Q. Mr. President, Roger Altman ran into a real buzz saw in the 
Whitewater hearings, and even some Democrats are questioning his 
truthfulness. Does he have the credibility to continue as number two at 
Treasury? Are you going to ask for his resignation?
    The President. Well, let me say, first of all, he spoke with the 
Senate committee for more than 10 hours yesterday--that's a very long 
time--and he answered all of their questions. He then spoke for several 
hours with the House committee today. In that, he admitted that he had 
not given all the information to them in a timely fashion that he should 
have. But he said repeatedly that he had not willfully misled them.
    I would like to emphasize, first of all, I do not countenance 
anybody being less than forthright with the Congress. There have been 
many people, including people that are not particularly friends of our 
administration, who have talked about how we have been much more 
cooperative with these investigations than previous administrations have 
been. That's what I told the American people I would do, and that is 
what I have done.
    But if you look at the facts, let's go back to the fundamental 
facts: There was no violation of the law; there was no violation of any 
ethics rule. The Secretary of the Treasury has pointed out that Mr. 
Altman has done a superb job in his position. He was critical to the 
passage of our economic program that produced almost 4 million jobs in 
18 months. He was important in the passage of our trade initiatives; he 
has done a good job there. The Secretary of the Treasury has confidence 
in him, and so do I. And I think he has now answered all the questions 
that the Senate could possibly have about an incident that involved no 
violation of the law and no violation of ethics.

Haiti

    Q. Mr. President, to come back to Haiti for a moment, you mentioned 
a number of American interests that we have in Haiti. But what involves 
national security, if it's at stake? Is there anything in Haiti that 
involves our security that would require us to go in and invade the 
country?
    The President. Well first of all, I think our security is caught up 
in whether people in this hemisphere are moving toward democracy and 
open markets and observation of the rule of law. And when one country in 
our hemisphere, on our back door, has an election, votes for a leader, 
then that leader is deposed by people who murder, who kill, who rape, 
who maim, who throw the human rights monitors out, who now won't even 
let people leave who have been approved for leaving, it seems to me that 
if you look at the possible ramifications of that on other countries in 
the Caribbean and in Central and South America, that is where our 
security interest is.
    I can tell you that as I was calling other nations to get them to 
help in the Safe Haven project, to be willing to take some Haitians who 
leave, that is the thing that other leaders mentioned to me over and 
over again, ``We know that many of our democracies are fragile, but 
we're moving in the right direction. We don't want to see Latin America 
take one more wrong turn. We're moving right; we want to stay right.'' 
And I think that is profoundly important to us.

North Korea

    Q. Mr. President, in just another few weeks we will know whether 
North Korea has transformed more fuel rods into weapons-grade plutonium. 
What are the consequences if North Korea does make more weapons-grade 
plutonium, and are you prepared to carry out that threat?
    The President. I think I can do no better than to reiterate what I 
have always said, that North Korea's fate is still in its own hands; it 
must decide what it own future should be. I think at this time when 
North Korea has shown a willingness to stop reprocessing and to stop 
refueling, and when our talks are about to begin again next Friday, we 
should take the facts as we have them and keep working for progress.
    This is an issue which is very important to the long-term security 
of the United States. The question of a country that belongs to the 
nonproliferation regime deciding to become a nuclear power, the prospect 
that nuclear capacity could be transferred either by design or by 
accident to other countries or to rogue groups, this

[[Page 1421]]

is a very serious thing for our long-term security. And we have spent a 
lot of time to make sure we are firm and deliberate; but that firmness, 
that deliberateness has led to these talks, which were interrupted when 
Kim Il-song passed away. We start the talks again on Friday. The 
agreement the North Koreans made is still holding about refueling and 
reprocessing. I think we should focus on that now and keep working for a 
satisfactory conclusion.
    Q. Are you confident that we will know whether they violate these 
agreements?
    The President. Yes, I am. I believe that. I have no reason to 
believe that we will not know if that agreement is violated.

President's Approval Rating

    Q. Mr. President, as you pointed out in your opening statement, the 
economy has been growing. Last week we saw the peace agreement, or the 
framework for a peace agreement between Israel and Jordan. Yet your 
approval rating continues to slide in the polls. To what do you 
attribute that? Is it the message? Is it the messengers? And a related 
part of that question: Has Leon Panetta made any recommendations to you 
for changes in the White House to improve things here?
    The President. Well, first of all, I'm not the best judge of that. 
Maybe I'm just not as good a talker as you folks thought I was when I 
got elected President. Maybe there's so much going on it's hard for 
anything specific to get through. Maybe it's partly a function of the 
times in which we live.
    Whenever we move from one historic era into another--at the end of 
World War I, at the end of World War II, moving into the cold war; now 
at the end of the cold war, moving toward the 21st century--our people 
are filled with a mixture of hope and concern. Almost every American is 
genuinely concerned about something now, whether it's their economic 
circumstances, their health care, insecurity over crime, concern about 
what's happening to the fabric of our society with so many children 
being born out of wedlock and so many families breaking down. There's 
something gripping the concern of most Americans. And when people have 
these balances going on, hope or fear, it is sometimes difficult to get 
through with the hope and the progress.
    I can't worry about that. All I can do is to show up for work here 
every day and, as I said today to the folks who rode the buses for 
health care, try to make this the home office of the ``American 
association for ordinary citizens.'' And if I keep doing that, I think 
that the future will take care of itself. My only concern is to continue 
to be able to be effective, and that's what I will work for.
    Brit [Brit Hume, ABC News].

Health Care Legislation

    Q. Mr. President, on health care, there were indications on Capitol 
Hill today that time is now becoming an important factor; that there's a 
need to get legislative language, there's a need to get various 
budgetary estimates, and that it may be very difficult to get a vote 
before the end of this month. Are you prepared now to insist that 
Congress remain in session and not take its recess until there is action 
in both Houses?
    The President. Well, my belief is that Senator Mitchell has done 
enough work on his bill, and that the House bill has been out there in 
its basic framework, so that the recess will probably have to be 
delayed, but could still occur. I do believe that they should and will 
stay here until they can take action on those bills, each House on its 
own bill. I believe that will happen, and I think that's a good thing, 
because that's a way of their putting the American people first, which 
is something I think should be done.
    Dan [Dan Balz, Washington Post].
    Q. A two-part question on health care: When you put your own health 
care plan forward, you said you wanted to build on the private insurance 
industry. The House bill that Congressman Gephardt has put forward could 
turn control of almost half the health care system over to the Federal 
Government. Why do you support that approach, as opposed to your 
original idea? And secondly, is Senator Mitchell's bill now your new 
bottom line, your new minimum? If there's anything less than that coming 
out of the Senate, would that draw a veto?
    The President. Let me answer the second question. My goal has been 
what it has always been. I want a system that will take us to universal 
coverage. If it takes a few years to get there, that's fine with me. We 
don't want to mess it up; we want to have the chance to continue to work 
and strengthen the program along the way.
    In the case of the House bill, as you know, I have always thought 
that we ought to allow

[[Page 1422]]

every American to buy into the Federal Employees Health Insurance bill, 
which is essentially a private plan. The House bill offers a Medicare 
program, if you will, like the senior citizens buy into now, but only if 
people decide not to buy private health insurance. So it still has a 
preference for private health insurance, and I think that is consistent 
with what I think we should do. I still believe the best thing to do is 
to build more on the system that most of us have now.
    Q. Which approach do you favor, the Mitchell approach or the 
Gephardt approach?
    The President. Well, I'm not going to get into being a legislator. 
My job is to try to keep the American people's eye on the ball and to 
try to keep the Members of Congress working together. What I favor is 
now for our friends on the other side of the aisle and all the Democrats 
to get together, think about the interests of the American people and 
come up with a program that solves the problem.
    Let me just say, if I might just stop for a moment and say I think 
it is terribly important in this debate when these issues tend to be 
complex and detailed to keep our eye on the central reality here, which 
is how do we solve the problem? I asked two of the people that rode 
those buses to come here tonight. I want them to just stand up, Daniel 
Lumley and John Cox.
    And let me answer your question this way. Daniel Lumley was a young 
man who lost his arm riding a motorcycle. He wants to be a 
schoolteacher, he wants to be a public servant; he wants to know that 
he'll always be able to get health insurance when he works, even though 
he has a very apparent preexisting condition. Like millions and millions 
of Americans with disabilities, he can work and do fine and pay taxes--
which releases the burden on the rest of us--if he can get insurance.
    John Cox left his job with health insurance and went to work for a 
Christian radio station because he thought it was his mission in life to 
do that. He thought he was covered by health insurance and he thought 
his employer was paying it, and he wasn't. When his wife came down sick, 
because they didn't have health insurance even though he was working, 
they didn't go to the doctor. They just talked to a doctor over the 
phone for months and months. Finally, she became so ill they had to see 
a doctor at an emergency room. By that time she had cancer that had 
progressed to the point when it could not be fully treated. He took this 
bus ride across the country when his wife was dying, because she wanted 
him to. She died during the bus ride. He buried her 2 days ago, and he 
came up here today to be with us. My answer to you is if the program 
works for John Cox and for Daniel Lumley, I'll be for it.

Whitewater Hearings

    Q. Mr. President, if I could ask you a specific question on these 
Whitewater hearings, which I know you're not watching, but many of us 
were watching until 2 a.m. in the morning last night. One of the 
problems that Roger Altman, the Deputy Treasury Secretary, seems to have 
is that he didn't recuse himself or step down as chairman of the 
Resolution Trust Corporation because he feared that there could be some 
sort of appearance of a conflict. He had decided to step down, but was 
talked out of it by Bernard Nussbaum, your former Counsel, and other 
White House aides. That seems to be the source of a lot of problems that 
he has. And Josh Steiner, the Treasury Chief of Staff, says that you and 
the First Lady were furious that Roger Altman told the New York Times 
editorial writer about this decision before you learned about it. What 
was so bad about his decision to recuse himself if there was nothing 
that he could have done to interfere in the RTC investigation of Madison 
Guaranty Savings and Loan?
    The President. First of all, I never would promote anybody 
interfering in any investigation. I welcome this investigation, and it 
will vindicate what I have been saying all along. I had no problem with 
Mr. Altman deciding of his own independent judgment and consultation 
with his superior, the Secretary of the Treasury, that he ought to 
recuse himself. The only thing that upset me was I did not want to see 
him stampeded into it if it wasn't the right thing to do. I just wanted 
the decision to be made on the merits. I think it's a pretty simple, 
straightforward position I had, and I think it was the right one.

Baseball Strike

    Q. Mr. President, Atlanta Braves owner Ted Turner last week called 
on you to intervene with Government arbitration to head off a baseball 
strike. Now that your Labor Secretary has met with both sides of the 
talks, do you see any Government role in this matter? Do you

[[Page 1423]]

see anything that you personally can do to head off a strike?
    The President. Let me say first of all, just as a lifelong baseball 
fan, I suppose I have a greater interest in this than maybe a President 
even should. I mean, the prospect of seeing records that are 30 and 40 
years old broken, for those of us who like the offensive as well as the 
defensive side of baseball, this is an exhilarating thing. I think it 
would be heartbreaking for the American people if our national pastime 
didn't get through this whole season. And it's a great opportunity for 
these young players and what they can become.
    Secondly, the Secretary of Labor, as you pointed out, did meet with 
the representatives of the players and the owners. And we discussed what 
could be done and tried to facilitate a better communications between 
them. There may be some other things which can be done, but at this time 
the situation is sufficiently delicate that I think we need to leave it 
at that. If we can play a constructive role, we will. We do not want to 
play a destructive role. We all hope that somehow the strike can be 
averted.

Health Care Legislation

    Q. Mr. President, there are many Democratic Members of the House, 
your allies, who disagree with you, they don't believe that Senator 
Mitchell's bill is a universal coverage bill. Are you ready to tell them 
that you think that Senator Mitchell's bill is the best that can 
possibly come out of Congress this year?
    The President. Well, first of all, let's remember how a bill becomes 
law. [Laughter] It's very important. Senator Mitchell has to find a 
majority for a bill that can pass the Senate. Then there must be a 
majority of people supporting a bill that passes the House. The Senate 
task is very hard because, except on the budget, a tiny minority--41 
percent of the Senate--can keep any other bill from even coming to a 
vote. He has a difficult task. Then the bill goes to a conference and a 
final bill will come back and will be voted on in both Houses. We have 
seen many times how a bill passes the House, a bill passes the Senate, a 
final one comes out that's different from either one. We don't know what 
will happen.
    Let me tell you what I hope will happen. What I hope will happen is 
that the debates on the floor of the Senate and the House will be widely 
publicized, heavily watched, and that the debate will grip the 
imagination of ordinary American citizens who themselves may not be part 
of any discrete interest group; and that there will be a climate in the 
country welling up--as I believe it is now--for action that works, that 
solves the human problem.
    I believe George Mitchell, as many of the Senators pointed out, in a 
situation in which every time he tried to do something, the members of 
the other party moved away from a position they had previously had--
normally when a bill becomes law, if you take one position and the 
people in the other party take another, you move toward them, they move 
toward you, you work out an agreement. Here's a case where we had 24 
Senators of the other party committed to universal coverage and they 
have all abandoned the plan they were originally for. And as he has 
moved toward them, they have moved away. In that environment, I think he 
has done a fine job with a bill that I personally believe will achieve 
universal coverage. And that's all I can say. It is my opinion that it 
will work.

Whitewater Hearings

    Q. Mr. President, strictly from a management standpoint, given the 
conflicting recollections of the various members of the Treasury 
Department team, do you believe they can continue to work together 
effectively?
    The President. Well, the management of the Treasury Department is 
under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Treasury. All I can tell 
you is, the important thing for the American people is the Treasury 
Department has worked very well. Nearly every American, nearly every 
expert in this town believes that it has worked very well across a whole 
broad range of issues, and that the Secretary of the Treasury has done 
an absolutely superb job in both domestic and international economic 
arenas with the support of his team. The management questions are things 
that he will have to resolve. But I will say again, there was no 
violation of the law, there was no violation of the ethics rules. The 
errors which were made have been acknowledged and questions have been 
answered at extreme length. I think that is a very good thing.

Health Care Reform

    Q. You've worked hard to open new markets for American businesses. 
Are you upset or dis-


[[Page 1424]]

appointed that businesses have worked so hard against health care 
reform?
    The President. No, because not all businesses have. It is true we 
have worked hard to open markets for business with NAFTA, with the new 
worldwide GATT agreement, selling our airplanes, selling our high-tech 
equipment, reviving our shipbuilding industry--all the things we've 
done. But frankly, I think the amazing story of this health care debate 
is not that there are still some business interests against it, but that 
we have more business interests for it than ever before. Let me just say 
that many of the Fortune 500 companies support the idea that every 
business should do what it can to cover the employee and the employee 
should pay something. We now have 600,000 small businesses who cover 
their employees and are paying too much, who have come out for our 
position that all of their colleagues should do the same.
    I think that is very impressive. When you look at that plus all the 
other medical groups that have come out for our approach, it is a truly 
astonishing thing. And what I hope is, again, when this debate starts 
that all the people who are doing for something, instead of just against 
something, I hope that they will prevail.

Press Conferences

    Q. Mr. President, will you tell us why you hold so few solo press 
conferences? This is only your third, and you have been heard to 
complain that the lords of the right-wing radio have uninterrupted 
communication with the American people. And you have the same chance but 
don't take it. Could you tell us why?
    The President. I think it's a mistake, and I intend to do more on a 
more regular basis. Besides that, I actually enjoy these, and I think we 
should do more and do them on a more regular basis, and I intend to. 
It's one of the changes that I intend to make.

Health Care Legislation

    Q. Mr. President--all right, sir. I wanted to just tell you----
    The President. I could hear you in the distance. [Laughter]
    Q. I've just been informed by a volunteer who knows what she's 
talking about, Mrs. B.A. Bentsen, wife of the Secretary of the 
Treasury--she works to get prenatal care for millions of mothers. And 
she says that the money, the Government money has run out completely for 
prenatal care, which means that we will have deformed babies that we 
will have to pay for the rest of their lives in institutions. Can't you 
do something about this?
    The President. Well, of course we can. One of the things that this 
health care bill will do, either one of them, would be to cover more 
prenatal care. One of the biggest problems we have in the United States, 
with about one in six of our people without health insurance, is that a 
lot of people don't get preventive care when they should. It is true 
that when women see the doctor several times before their babies are 
born, the babies are far more likely to be born healthy and at normal 
birth weight. And that is a focus of both bills. Senator Mitchell's 
bill, because of the phase-in time, went out of its way to try to take 
care of that issue.

Syria

    Q. Mr. President, if I could go back to a foreign policy issue. 
Syria appears to be the big missing piece of the puzzle in the Middle 
East now. Following the meeting between the Israeli Prime Minister and 
King Hussein of Jordan, do you see any indication that Syria wants to 
make peace at this point? Do you see any reason for optimism that 
they're willing to talk directly to Israel?
    The President. I think there are difficult issues still between 
Israel and Syria, but I believe both leaders do want to make peace. As 
you know, before I announced that King Hussein and Prime Minister Rabin 
would come here to end their state of war and to commit to establishing 
full peace, I had a long talk with President Asad on the telephone. I 
then spoke with him again. I am convinced that he is still very much 
interested in a comprehensive peace. And we have one piece of public 
evidence of that, which is that the whole ceremony between Israel and 
Jordan signing the Washington Declaration was shown on television in 
Syria without comment. We have other indications that they are. And you 
may be sure that the Secretary of State and Dennis Ross and all of our 
team, as well as I, are doing everything we can to keep pushing that.
    Q. What are those other indications, sir?
    The President. I don't think I should say more than that. We've been 
pretty successful in the Middle East by letting the parties make their 
own decisions and letting them percolate up.

[[Page 1425]]

Health Care Legislation

    Q. You may not be a legislator, but you are the titular head of the 
Democratic Party. Why should you ask Democrats in the House for marginal 
constituencies to vote for the Gephardt bill when, in fact, the Mitchell 
bill may be more politically palatable?
    The President. Well, let me say, again, the Senate and the House are 
going to debate both these bills, and they will work through the process 
and decide where to come out. But let me say, if you just take Mr. Cox 
there, he's from Athens, Texas. Now, Athens, Texas, is no different from 
New York City or San Francisco, California, or my home in Arkansas when 
it comes to the existence of people who have these problems. And I think 
the House and the Senate should each pass a bill which they can best 
explain to their folks back home as something that solves the problem.
    I would remind you that we know that universal coverage is popular 
with the American people. What we also know is that they're concerned 
about having something that changes something so fundamental in their 
lives. They want to make sure we fix what is wrong, keep what is right. 
So in both bills we have reassured the rank-and-file voters. Both bills 
in different ways may offend various organized interest groups who may 
be able to advertise and affect the attitudes of rank-and-file voters, 
but we know that both these bills, by having a longer phase-in time, 
less bureaucracy, more flexibility and more support for small business, 
clear choice of plans, that those things have answered the concerns of 
American voters in every congressional district in the country.

Haiti

    Q. Congressman Bill Richardson went recently to Haiti and met for, I 
think, 5 hours with General Cedras, and he came back and he said Cedras 
was not an intransigent man. He has been invited to return to Haiti. Has 
he talked to you about it, and would you consider it a good idea for him 
to go back to Haiti now that the U.N. has passed this resolution?
    The President. I have talked to Congressman Richardson. I have no 
comment about any further trips. It is difficult to conclude that Mr. 
Cedras is not intransigent. After all, he promised to leave Haiti on 
October 30th at the implementation of the Governors Island accord, and 
he broke his promise. And he has continued to visit untold misery on his 
people. He knows what to do to end the problems of the people of Haiti, 
and he can do it.

Economic Plan

    Q. Mr. President, earlier this year, last year, rather, in your 
economic program, you sacrificed a lot of your investment program to get 
deficit reduction, as we've learned, over the objections of many of 
those on your staff. The deficit reduction part has worked out even 
better than you expected, as you said. But since that time the stock 
market has drifted lower, long-term interest rates are higher than when 
you took office, and there are some signs of a slow-down on the horizon. 
Housing starts and new home sales, for example, are down. At this point, 
do you think perhaps you make a mistake that you went too far into 
deficit reduction and that, from your point of view, the country might 
have been better off had you put more money into infrastructure and into 
investment?
    The President. Absolutely not. Given the options that we had, the 
right decision was made. Let me take you back in time. We had had the 
slowest job growth rate for the previous 4 years that we'd had since the 
Great Depression. The economy was going down; the deficit was going up. 
Our position in the global economy depended on our ability to get the 
deficit down. Our ability to generate private economic activity depended 
on our ability to drive interest rates down.
    If someone had told any economist a year and a half ago that we 
could create almost 4 million jobs, take the unemployment rate down over 
a point and a half, have no inflation and still have long-term rates 
almost exactly where they were on the date I took office, no one would 
have believed that. They'd say if you're going to improve the economy 
that much, long-term interest rates will go way up.
    Because we were committed to bringing the deficit down without 
inflation, interest rates went way down, and then when we had a lot of 
economic growth, came back up some. The stock market is higher than it 
was when I took office, and the long-term expectations are very good.
    Most businesses expect to grow next year, both large and small. 
Every survey shows that. Consumer confidence and business confidence

[[Page 1426]]

and long-term economic growth are high. The rate of growth may vary from 
time to time. My job is to keep the growth going and keep jobs coming 
into the economy and that is what we are doing.
    Q. [Inaudible]--betrayed your Democratic heritage or your campaign 
promises?
    The President. No.
    Q. Do you feel that you're an Eisenhower Republican, as a recent 
book put it?
    The President. No. I think we did the right thing. In the 21st 
century most job growth is going to come from the private sector. We 
will have to do more public work in two areas: in infrastructure, just 
like all of our competitors do, our roads, our bridges, our airports, 
the things that make you a rich and powerful country; our 
telecommunications infrastructure that the Vice President's always 
talking about will have to have various supports. The second thing we'll 
have to do is we'll have to give more direct or indirect support to 
create jobs in high unemployment areas. That's what our empowerment 
zones are all about: enticing people through tax incentives to invest in 
areas where unemployment is high.
    But I would remind you we have increased programs for education and 
training. We have dramatically increased the availability of low-
interest college loans. We have increased the number of people who can 
apply for national service loans. We have increased Head Start. We have 
increased immunization eligibility for little kids by millions. We have 
increased spending on the things which are critical to our future.
    Will we have to invest more there? We will. But first we had to get 
our economic house in order. You cannot keep spending money you don't 
have and expect to get ahead of the game. We have now done that, and we 
can focus on investment.

Defense Executive Salaries

    Q. Thank you, sir.
    The President. You're persistent. I owe it to you just for effort. 
You'd develop arthritis getting up and down so many times if I didn't--
[laughter].
    Q. Thank you, sir. If I may shift to a fresh subject, the Senate 
Appropriations Committee is hopping mad about what it calls outrageously 
high salaries that are being paid to defense and aerospace company 
executives in this country, compensation that is frequently paid by the 
taxpayers under Defense Department regulations, and sometimes to the 
tune of as much as $7 million or more. The committee is offering 
language which would rule out payments any higher than the salary that 
the Defense Secretary makes. Do you agree with the committee's finding? 
And would you support that kind of limit?
    The President. I'm not familiar enough with the issue to give you an 
intelligent answer. I will look into it, and I'll be glad to give you an 
answer. But I don't know enough about the issue to answer the question 
in an appropriate way.

Corporate Megamergers

    Q. Mr. President, okay--[laughter].
    The President. I can't believe a member of the press is pushing a 
microphone away. This is a historic moment in itself. [Laughter]
    Q. Mr. President, what is the administration doing to stop the 
megamergers, particularly in the telecommunications industry, in the 
pharmaceutical industry, and in retailing? We have seen Viacom-
Paramount. We now have--Macy's is trying, and we're reading today about 
American Cyanamid merging with American Home Products, mergers which are 
not in the interest of the public and the stockholders. And in the case 
of Macy's, Macy's Federated has a stockholder meeting on the same day as 
major competitors. They don't want stockholders to come and ask 
questions. They're in collusion with the competitors, and the 
administration is not lifting one finger.
    The President. Well, you've drawn a lot of conclusions there in a 
short time. I don't know if I can answer them all. Let me say this: 
There are two ways in which mergers can be not in the interest of the 
people of the United States. First is if they violate our antitrust 
laws; that is, if they do significant damage to the competitive 
environment. And our administration has tried to reinvigorate the 
antitrust division of the Justice Department to a significantly higher 
level than in the last two administrations.
    Secondly is, as you suggest, is if there is some illegal erosion of 
the rights and interests of the stockholders of these companies, or 
there are workers or others that have legal rights that are being 
undermined. That is within the jurisdiction of the Securities and 
Exchange Commission. I think we have a very able person chairing that 
Commission.

[[Page 1427]]

    I would be glad to ask them to look into these things more than I'm 
sure they already are, but I am not in a position to draw the 
conclusions you have drawn, because I think they are trying to protect 
the public interest.

Health Care Legislation

    Q. There are 37 million uninsured Americans. If you can't get a bill 
that will cover all of them, and you get one that will cover, say, 20 
million, would you really refuse to sign it? And if you do, and don't 
get a bill at all, how would you explain that to those 20 million?
    The President. First of all, keep in mind that most of our problem 
is with working Americans. And the problem with the so-called ``half a 
loaf'' here is that it won't work. That is, we have evidence now in the 
States--about 40 States have tried to just change the rules on insurance 
and put a little more money into covering very poor people to increase 
health care coverage. No one could say that is not good on its own, but 
the problem is if that is all you do, what has happened in the States is 
that putting people into a health insurance pool who cost more to insure 
without expanding the size of the pools leads to higher rates. Once the 
rates get higher, small businesses on the margin and individuals who are 
young and healthy get out. That makes the pool even smaller; and rates 
go up more.
    So what would happen, I am convinced, if we did what you suggest is 
what has happened in the States. Coverage would go up a little bit for a 
while; then it would go right back down, as it has in the United States 
for the last 5 years as States have tried to do this.
    So, again, I say we have no evidence that unless we are moving 
toward full coverage that we can control cost and maintain coverage for 
the working families of the country.
    Yes, one more. We're almost out of time.

Haiti

    Q. You spoke with some thoroughness tonight about why you think it 
is in the United States interest to not have a military dictatorship in 
Haiti. My question is, if an invasion force is dispatched and overthrows 
that military regime, what are the United States obligations at that 
point to nurture, to create an environment in that troubled country 
where democracy would have a chance? And how long would this last?
    The President. I think the United States have significant 
obligations. But if you look at the United Nations resolution and what 
we have said all along, over the long run what we need is a United 
Nations mission in Haiti that the United States would be a part of, but 
that other countries would participate in also, that would do the 
following things: Number one, it would have to retrain and reorient the 
military to engaged in the rebuilding of the country. Number two, it 
would have to reorient and retrain the police to be a genuine police 
force, not an instrument of terror for one political group. Number 
three, we would have to, in addition to that, have a real dedicated 
effort led by a lot of our Haitian-Americans and others to rebuild the 
troubled economy of Haiti, which is in terrible, terrible shape. All 
those things we would have to do. But it would not necessarily be the 
United States doing it. In fact, it could not be; it would be a United 
Nations mission as envisaged by the United Nations and the resolution 
that they adopted.
    Thank you very much.
    Q. Mr. President, can I follow up here--one last question on health 
care?
    The President. One last question on health care? [Laughter] Did I 
recognize you earlier?
    Q. You did, but it's a----
    The President. Oh, no--I've got to go. [Laughter]

Note: The President's 68th news conference began at 8 p.m. in the East 
Room at the White House. In his remarks, he referred to Leon E. Panetta, 
Chief of Staff to the President, and Dennis B. Ross, Director, Policy 
Planning Staff, Department of State.