[Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: William J. Clinton (1994, Book I)]
[April 18, 1994]
[Pages 703-704]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]



Remarks and an Exchange With Reporters on Bosnia
April 18, 1994

    The President. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. I'd like to say a 
word or two about the situation in Bosnia. First of all, as all of you 
know, the situation in and around Gorazde remains grim and uncertain. I 
think it is important to point out why this happened. It happened 
because the Serbs violated the understandings of a cease-fire agreement 
they made with both the United Nations and with the Russians. To the 
best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the Russians, working 
through Mr. Churkin's able leadership, have reached an agreement with 
the Serbs which they have not honored.
    The United Nations commander on the ground, General Rose, made the 
judgment at several points over the last couple of days that NATO close-
air support was either not practically feasible or would not be helpful 
under the circumstances. In Gorazde, we, the United States working 
through NATO, basically are empowered only to provide close-air support 
to U.N. troops when they are under siege or under threat of attack on 
request of the U.N. commander.
    I have monitored this situation very closely all weekend; I spent a 
good deal of time on it on Saturday. I had lots of conversations 
yesterday about it and have met this morning with Mr. Lake. Our national 
security principals will be meeting today to consider what else we can 
and should do in this circumstance.
    The main thing I want to point out is that we have to find a way to 
get the momentum back. The big successes in the last couple of months in 
Bosnia have been, obviously, preserving Sarajevo and achieving the 
agreement between the Croatians and the Government, the Bosnian 
Government. They are very important; those things still hold, and I'm 
convinced we can find a way to build on them and go forward.
    But this has not been a great weekend for the peace effort in 
Bosnia. I do think that the big things are still working in the long-
term favor of peace. And we'll just have to see where we are, and we'll 
be reporting more as the day goes on and through the rest of the week.
    Q. Mr. President, you wanted to lift the arms embargo a year ago----
    The President. I still do.

[[Page 704]]

    Q. ----would you still like to do it? Would you lead an effort to do 
that? It would take American leadership, many in Congress say, to do 
this.
    The President. The Americans tried to lead it before. We will be 
discussing now what our other options are. As you know, at the time 
there was a clear specific reason we couldn't succeed in lifting the 
arms embargo, which was that not just the Russians but the French and 
British did not want to do it because they had soldiers on the ground. 
Now their soldiers on the ground are in danger. The real question we 
would have to work through there is how many countries would go along, 
and could we get it through the U.N.? But I've always favored doing it.
    I just want to say, though--I want to ask you all to think about--
those who say, there are many who say, ``Well, we can do it 
unilaterally, and we ought to do it unilaterally.'' But remember, if we 
do that, first of all, there are substantial questions about whether 
under international law we can do it, but secondly, if you resolved all 
those, what about the embargo that we have led against Iraq that others 
would like to back off of but they don't because they gave their 
agreement that they wouldn't? What if we needed embargoes in the future? 
What about the trade sanctions on Serbia themselves? What about any 
possible future economic action in other countries where we have 
difficulties today that we'd want other countries to honor?
    So we have to think long and hard about whether we can do this 
unilaterally. But certainly, as you know, I have always thought that the 
arms embargo operated in an entirely one-sided fashion, and it still 
does. That's the reason we're in this fix today because of the 
accumulated losses of the Bosnian Government as a direct result of the 
overwhelming superiority of heavy artillery by the Serbs.
    But again, I would say we have been making good progress at the 
negotiating table. I don't want to have a wider war. I think even if you 
lifted the arms embargo and you had a lot of other people fighting and 
killing, in the end there would not be a decisive victory for either 
side in a war. There's going to have to be a negotiated settlement. And 
the real problem now is that the Serbs agreed to a cease-fire with both 
the U.N. and the Russians, and they didn't keep their end of the deal. 
We're going to have to see where we are today, and we'll have more to 
say.
    Q. Why do you say you're making progress, and couldn't you have 
moved a little faster? This has been coming on for a couple weeks.
    The President. I disagree with that. What do you mean? Keep in mind, 
the role of the United States and NATO is to respond when the United 
Nations asks for close-air support when its troops are in danger. This 
is not Sarajevo; Sarajevo was a special case. And the no-fly zone--if 
planes violate the no-fly zone they can be shot down. That was done by 
NATO and the United States. This is a different case. We can only do 
what we have the authority to do.
    And frankly, I think it is a little too easy to Monday-morning-
quarterback General Rose who has been very aggressive, very strong, and 
very much supported in this country and throughout the world for his 
aggressive actions. It's easy to say now he should have been more 
aggressive in Gorazde. I think he did the best he could with the 
resources he had under the facts as they existed. And so I don't know 
that General Rose had any other options. I just know that we have a 
disappointing and difficult situation there today, and we'll be working 
on it.

Note: The President spoke at 9:12 a.m. on the South Lawn at the White 
House, prior to his departure for Milwaukee, WI.