    [Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: William J. Clinton (1993, Book II)]
    [September 11, 1993]
    [Pages 1469-1474]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]

    Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session on the National Performance
    Review in Houston, Texas
    September 11, 1993

        The President. Thank you very much. Mr. Vice President, Governor
    Richards, Mayor Lanier, and my good friend Gary Marrow and all the rest
    of you who are here.
        The first thing we decided to do was to reinvent common sense by
    coming to Houston and having a meeting in a building that wasn't air
    conditioned. [Laughter]
        When I heard John Sharp--I want to brag on ol' John Sharp--when I
    heard John Sharp saying that, you know, he had been involved in this
    program to promote humility in Texas and that we had ruined it by giving
    you so much credit, which is justly deserved, for what we're trying to
    do, I began to wonder if the cost benefit was worth it. And then I
    realized that there are some things that even a President can't do, and
    promoting humility among folks

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    like John Sharp is one of them. [Laughter]
        Let me tell you, I am very proud to be here today and deeply
    grateful to John, to Billy, to all the people who played a role in this,
    and also profoundly grateful to the people that I have known over the
    years in State and local government who have done what folks wanted them
    to do. You can go all over America, you know, and take some surveys
    among people, and they'll tell you: I trust my mayor; I trust the
    Governor; I trust them to solve this, that, or the other problem, in
    various places based on personal experiences.
        As soon as Bob Lanier got in office, he told me what he was going to
    do with police officers. He did it, and the crime rate went down. That's
    what people want to see happen. We talked the other day about a program
    he's got to promote more housing here, not just for people that can
    afford nice houses but for low-income people who were working, and he'll
    get that done. And when that happens, people will feel good about it
    without regard to their incomes, to know that people who are trying to
    play by the rules have a decent place to go home to at night.
        But this country has a big trust deficit in the National Government.
    And that is a huge problem, because we're living in a time of profound
    change, and the American people absolutely cannot meet the challenges of
    the future unless the National Government can take initiative, can be
    partners with the private sector and partners with State and local
    government and seize by the throat some of these things that have been
    bedeviling us for so long.
        You heard the Mayor talk about how much money the City of Houston is
    going to save because we passed the deficit reduction program that's
    driven interest rates to their lowest level in 25 years. Millions of
    Americans have gone out and refinanced their homes at lower interest
    rates or at shorter mortgage terms because the deficit's going down.
        We are going to be able to do all kinds of things we couldn't do
    otherwise. But all over the country we found widespread cynicism, when I
    was trying to pass that economic program, that the Federal Government
    could do anything right; people didn't believe the deficit was going
    down, even though the interest rates are dropping like a rock, that ``I
    cannot believe the National Government will spend my money to bring the
    deficit down and to really invest in long-term economic growth.''
        So what happens is, we're facing a time where we not only have a
    budget deficit and an investment deficit, but because of the performance
    deficit in the Federal Government, there is a huge trust deficit in the
    American people. And unless we can cure that, it's going to be very hard
    for us to face these other issues.
        You know, I'll just say Texas is probably the only State in America
    right now where there's overwhelming public support for the trade
    agreement with Mexico and Canada, which I strongly support. But let me
    just give you an example. One of the problems we've got--that trade deal
    has two aspects that no other trade agreement's ever had. It's got a
    commitment on the part of both countries to dramatically increase their
    spending on environmental cleanup along the border, and it's got a
    commitment on the part of Mexico to raise their wages every time their
    economy goes up. Nobody has ever agreed to that in a trade agreement
    before. And it's a blip on the screen. Why? Because a lot of people in
    this country whose jobs are at risk do not trust the National Government
    to do anything right. So what Al Gore is trying to do here affects that.
        We've got to fix the health care system in this country. Do you know
    that we are spending 35 percent to 40 percent more on health care than
    any nation in the world, and yet we're the only advanced country that
    leaves tens of millions of people uninsured? Do you know that we're
    spending about a dime on the dollar more in administrative costs for
    health care, blind paperwork, than any other major country? The only way
    it can get fixed is if we take initiative. But a lot of people say,
    ``Oh, my God, can they be trusted to do anything right?'' So what we
    have to do with this reinventing Government thing is not only save you
    money and give you better services but restore the trust of the American
    people that, together, through our elected officials, we can actually
    solve problems.
        This is a big deal, and it goes way beyond just the dollars
    involved. I kind of backed into it when I was Governor, because we just
    started, just every 2 years to see if we could do it, we'd eliminate
    some government agency or department and see if anybody squealed, and no
    one ever did. It was amazing. We didn't eliminate the department of
    education or anything; we took a little something, but it was just
    interesting, just sort of an acid test to see if that

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    ever happened.
        Then, we were working with all of our businesses in the tough years
    of the eighties on quality management and improving productivity, and I
    realized after a while I was hypocritical, providing the services to the
    private sector if I didn't try to do that in the public sector. And one
    day, we found out we could give people their licenses that they ordered
    by mail in 3 days instead of 3 weeks. And we found out that the people
    that are on the public payroll badly wanted to do it. But there was
    nothing wrong with them except poor systems and poor management and a
    lot of political decisions that no one had ever thought through.
        So we are doing this not to fill the trust deficit, and we are
    trying to do three things. And that's why I want to get back to the
    Texas report and why we wanted to come here today to wrap up this tour.
    When John Sharp issued that report, I got a copy of it in a hurry, and I
    sat down and read it. And I was exhilarated when I read it, and that was
    before I was a candidate for President, before I ever knew I'd be here
    doing this today, because it put together all the things I had been
    feeling as a Governor for a decade.
        And so there is a way to save money, make people on the public
    payroll happier on the job, and improve the services you're giving to
    the taxpayers all at the same time. It can be done. And that's very
    important.
        And I'm going to tell you one story, I'm going to announce what I'm
    going to do, and we're going to spend the rest of the time listening to
    you. The other day I went out to Alameda, California, near Oakland,
    where there's a big naval base that's about to be closed. It's a very
    traumatic time for them. California has 12 percent of the country's
    population, 21 percent of the military budget, taken a 40 percent almost
    of the cuts in the last round of the base closings. It's a very
    difficult time. And their unemployment rate is over 9.5 percent.
        And I'm sitting there talking to--I had lunch on the aircraft
    carrier Carl Vincent with one admiral and four naval enlisted personnel,
    wonderful people. And the guy sitting to my right had been in the Navy
    for 19 years, raised his two children, had a wonderful life, and told me
    why he'd stayed in the Navy. And I started asking him about the
    Government procurement process. And his eyes started dancing, you know,
    because we were there to cut a base and to short-circuit a lot of
    military careers that we had to do.
        And this guy says to me, he said, ``Let me tell you something.'' He
    said, ``if I had to go through the Government procurement process to get
    a computer we were supposed to buy last week, I'd wait 1\1/2\ or 2 years
    to spend $4,500 for a computer that has half the capacity that I could
    buy for $2,200 at the local computer discount store.'' And he said,
    ``You know something, Mr. President, I understand this defense
    downsizing. You have got to do it. But we've still got to have a
    defense. And it is wrong to ask people like me who are prepared to give
    our lives for our country to get out of the service if you're going to
    keep wasting money like that. Clean that up; then if we have to go,
    we'll go.''
        Now, that is the kind of thing that is out there that is confronting
    us every day. So, I say to you, we wound up our week on reinventing
    Government in Texas because we owe you a debt of gratitude, and we are
    grateful to you. And we want you to know we're determined to do this.
        Let me just say one other thing. People ask me all the time, ``Well,
    what's the difference in this report and all these other reports? The
    Government's just full of reports at the national level that never got
    implemented.'' I'll tell you why. Because there was never a system that
    the President was behind to push the thing through. If the Governor of
    Texas had been against John Sharp's report, could it have passed? I
    doubt it. Will there be opposition in Congress? Of course there will be.
    But there will also be a lot of support, won't there, Gene? And if the
    people make their voices heard and we stay at it, we can do this.
        Now, what I've tried to do is to determine what I can do by
    Executive order or directive and what I have to have the Congress' help
    on. And I'm going to do everything I can possibly do by Executive
    orders. So today, basically as a thank-you to Texas, I'm going to issue
    the first Executive orders here, and I want to tell you what they are.
        The first order directs the Federal Government to do what successful
    businesses already do: Set customer service standards, and put the
    people that are paying the bills first. It tells the Agencies to go to
    their customers, analyze their needs, evaluate how well the Government
    meets the needs, and operate like a customer

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    service center.
        Now, the second order will respond to what you saw when we announced
    this report. Do you remember when the Vice President gave me the report,
    we had the two forklifts full of paper? Almost all those regulations
    were regulations of the Government regulating itself. They were
    intergovernmental regulations on personnel and things like that, costing
    you billions of dollars a year for things that happen just within the
    Government. Now, today, the Executive order I'm signing on that will
    make the Federal agencies cut those regulations on Government employees
    in half within 3 years.
        Now, remember, these regulations don't guard things like the safety
    of our food or the quality of the air we breathe. They regulate the
    Federal Government in their walking-around time every day. We're going
    to cut them in half within 3 years, save a lot of money and a lot of
    folks. The Government employees can then spend less time worrying about
    rules and more time worrying about results.
        And finally, I'm going to sign a directive today that tells
    everybody in my Cabinet that they have to take responsibility for making
    the personnel cut that I've outlined, and more than half of the
    personnel cut has to come from people who are basically in middle
    management, handing down rules and pushing up paperwork.
        Today, the National Government, on the average, has one supervisor
    for every seven employees. There are some Government Agencies that have
    one supervisor for every four employees. And the directive I'm signing
    today directs the Federal Government agencies under the control of the
    President of the United States to slash that ratio, in effect, to cut in
    half the number of management for employees within the next couple of
    years. So we're going to go on average in the Government from one
    manager to seven employees to one to fifteen. I think we can do better
    than that. That'll be a good start, and that alone when it is done will
    account for more than half of the 252,000 personnel reduction we seek to
    achieve.
        As we do these things, I hope you folks in Texas will take a lot of
    pride in the contribution you made. And I hope you will see that it will
    make it possible for us, then, to gain the confidence of the American
    people so that we can restore the economy, fix the health care system,
    expand trade, give opportunities to our people, and make people believe
    this country works again.
        If we can do it, you can take a lot of credit for it. Thank you very
    much.
        The Vice President. Ladies and gentlemen, we would now like to hear
    from you. And we call this approach a reverse town hall meeting because
    we want to ask questions about how you have done it here in Texas in the
    Texas Performance Review, other parts of the State government, the land
    office, and the city of Houston.
        Let me ask a couple of questions here first. How many people here
    are from, or worked on, the Texas Performance Review? Could you raise
    your hands? All right. Very good. How many people here work in the land
    office? Raise your hands. How many people here work for other parts of
    State government? Could I see your hands? How many people here work for
    the city of Houston? Can I see your hands? Okay, all of you. There you
    go, Mayor.
        The President. Good for you, Mayor. [Laughter]

    [At this point, a participant discussed the improved response time of
    the Houston police department and its impact on crime in the city.]

        The President. Thank you. Let me say, this is one message I hope
    goes out across the country today. Millions of Americans have given up
    on the ability of their law enforcement resources to get the crime rate
    down. You can walk lots of streets in lots of places. People don't think
    it'll ever happen. You can reduce crime if you have the resources and if
    you direct them properly.
        And you heard the Mayor say, I'm trying to pass our crime bill
    which, in the crime bill alone, goes halfway toward the 100,000 more
    police officers on the street goal that I have set. But they also--the
    resources have to be properly deployed in every community in this
    country. When you do it, you can bring crime down. It is simply not true
    you can't do it. But you have to target the resources and have them. And
    I applaud you, and I thank you for that.

    [The Vice President and the participant discussed direct involvement of
    workers in increasing efficiency and identifying goals to be
    accomplished.]

        The President. Give her a hand. That was great.

    [[Page 1473]]

    [A participant discussed how the Texas performance reviews led to State
    and local cooperation in efforts to keep criminals off the streets and
    in jail without raising taxes.]

        The President. I'll bet, too--you must have done this--but I'll bet
    you that you have--if you calculate how much money the people save by
    reducing the crime rate 20 percent in Houston, I'll bet it's a heck of a
    lot more than it costs you to hold the people.
        Q. On just purely a cost basis, it costs us roughly $1,000 per major
    crime reduced here in the city. To put that in context, car theft costs
    $4,000 or $5,000; of course, murder and rape are just infinite, but
    $1,000 per major crime reduced is pretty much a bargain, I think, for
    the taxpayers.
        The Vice President. Thank you. Could we hear from some of the
    employees of the Texas Performance Review? What lessons did you learn in
    going through your performance review work here in Texas that surprised
    you the most, and what do you think is the most important way to
    identify waste and inefficiency and cut it out? Anybody want to--there's
    one, there's a volunteer back there.

    [A participant discussed Texas health and human services initiatives to
    centralize access to available services.]

        The President. I'd like to ask you a question; really, two
    questions. First of all, I'd like to ask you--my belief is that this is
    one of the biggest problems in Government, trying to reform the delivery
    of human services all over the country. And while the services are
    largely delivered at the State level or by private providers, a lot of
    the money comes from the Federal level.
        So I would like to ask you two questions: Number one is, what do you
    think the biggest obstacles to doing what you want to do are? And,
    number two, how much of a problem has the Federal Government been
    through its rules and regulations?
        Q. There's probably other folks who could answer that better, Mr.
    President, but I think for Texas, let me give you an example. For our 2-
    year spending budget right now in health and human services, $13 billion
    out of $23 billion is Federal money. We obviously have to keep on top of
    how we report to the Federal Government and how we use that money. I
    think there are probably some--I noticed in the summary of your report,
    Mr. Vice President, that there's talk about empowering the employees to
    make some decisions. There are some real boring kind of things that we
    have to get into in terms of cost accounting, in terms of how we account
    for the funds. And when we talk about one-stop connection, we're talking
    about collapsing funding sources, a lot of funding sources.
        If you can give us a little trust, a little flexibility on how we
    account for those dollars, we'll account for them, but we may not be
    able to get down to each sticky pad in terms of which funding source it
    came from. We'll account for the money, we'll be able to provide the
    services, and I think we have some work going on in Texas which can
    provide you some examples of that.
        So I guess in summary it would be, trust us and keep on keeping on,
    and I appreciate it.

    [The Vice President discussed a National Performance Review
    recommendation for a bottom-up grant consolidation program to allow more
    flexibility at the local level and promote Federal, State, and local
    cooperation toward agreed-upon goals. A participant then discussed a
    Harris County initiative to use prison labor to reclaim wetlands and
    suggested the creation of a Federal corrections conservation corps.]

        The President. Let me say before you sit down, first of all, we
    didn't really know who was going to stand up and what they were going to
    say, but I can't tell you how much I appreciate what you just said. The
    United States--I agree, by the way, with what Governor Richards and the
    Mayor said. You've got to keep more people in prison that you know have
    a high propensity to commit crimes.
        The flip side of that is that we now rank first in the world in the
    percentage of our people behind bars. And we know who people behind bars
    normally are, right? They're normally young. They're normally male.
    They're normally undereducated. More than half of them have an alcohol
    or drug abuse problem. And they're wildly unconnected basically to the
    institutions that hold us together and conform our behavior, whether
    it's church or family or work or education. And it's the most colossal
    waste of human potential that in the Federal and the State systems, most
    prisoners--not all, there are

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    some that do really useful work and get training--but a phenomenal
    number of prisoners either do useless work that they can't make a living
    at when they get out and don't feel good about and don't learn anything
    from, or don't do anything at all. And if you're looking for something
    the taxpayers are already paying for, we're already out that money. And
    you have just said something of enormous importance, and I thank you,
    sir.

    [A participant praised a Texas initiative using magnetic strip cards for
    transferring AFDC and food stamp benefits to recipients. The Vice
    President concurred and cited a National Performance Review
    recommendation for electronic benefits transfer.

      A participant then discussed Texas initiatives for innovative use of
    natural gas. Another participant discussed a Casey Foundation grant for
    local, State, and Federal cooperation to expedite services to the
    community.]

        The President. Thank you. Let me just say one thing to you. Because
    I try to follow the work of the Casey Foundation, I'm a little familiar
    with what you're doing. One of the most frustrating things to me as a
    public official is that I have been a Governor, now President, having
    oversight of programs that people are supposed to fit their needs to. It
    is absurd. You've got a lot of poor people in this country who are
    absolutely dying to get out and get some job training, go to work, get
    off welfare, you name it. If they've got troubled kids or three or four
    different problems, they're liable to have three to four different
    programs, three or four different caseworkers. I mean, you feel
    sometimes like you're a laboratory animal almost if you get help from
    the Federal Government because you've got so many different people that
    are on your case. It is absurd.

        Now, you should have, if you're in trouble, somebody to help you.
    But there ought to be one person to help you. You shouldn't be up there
    dissecting people the way these programs do. It is awful. And I really
    hope you make it and get it done. Thank you.

    [A participant discussed the need for a program for crime victims.
    Another participant asked about funding for education, and the Vice
    President discussed recommended reforms to education grant programs.]

        The President. Let me just say one other thing. I asked a couple of
    questions--he's told you, right? We're going to try to change the
    funding of Chapter 1, and if what you're saying is right, that you have
    an enormously high percentage of eligible people, your district and your
    school would benefit. But the problem is that this is--that's one of
    those things we have to pass through Congress. And when the dollars
    follow the child, that is, if a rich district that has poor kids--when
    that happens, then every Congressman gets a little of the money.

        So I asked a couple of you what the biggest obstacle to implementing
    your changes are. We need your support when we come up here and we
    present these legislative packages. And we're trying to figure out now
    how--we want as few bills as we can in Congress. But we really need your
    support to ask the Members of Congress to do this in the national
    interest, to make some of these changes so that we can do this. I need
    your help to do that. People in Washington need to think the American
    people want this. They don't need to think it's Bill Clinton and Al
    Gore's deal; they need to think it's your deal. And if they think it's
    your deal, then we can pass it.

    Note: The President spoke at 10:39 a.m. at the Texas Surplus Property
    Agency. In his remarks, he referred to Mayor Bob Lanier of Houston; Gary
    Marrow, Texas land commissioner; John Sharp, Texas State comptroller;
    Billy Hamilton, Texas deputy comptroller and National Performance Review
    Deputy Director; and Representative Gene Green. Following his remarks,
    the President signed the Executive orders and the memorandum, which are
    listed in Appendix D at the end of this volume.