    [Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: William J. Clinton (1993, Book I)]
    [March 19, 1993]
    [Pages 325-330]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]

    Remarks to the Business Community in Atlanta
    March 19, 1993

        Thank you very much. Virgil, I'm glad I let you introduce me.
    [Laughter] I'm delighted to be here with so many distinguished
    Georgians, the people here on the platform with me today, including
    Virgil Williams, who really did do a good job. And there are some days I
    wish I were called Governor again. [Laughter]
        People ask me all the time, is it different being President? And the
    truth is, it is, in ways that are wonderful and ways that aren't so
    good. But I had an encounter the other day which describes, better than
    any words I could say, what's right and what's wrong with it. I was up
    in the White House in the Residence part, and I had to go back down to
    the first floor to a big meeting. And my wife had been having a meeting
    there that I didn't know anything about. It wasn't public, you know.
    [Laughter] And anyway, so I got down to the first floor, and these
    throngs of people were there. And I just walked right out of the
    elevator into them, which was nice. They were people I didn't know, and
    I stopped, shook hands with them all, and talked to them. And this young
    man I was with, who had come to work at the White House during a
    previous administration, was just aghast. He said, ``Oh, Mr. President,
    I'm so sorry that I got you in the middle of all these people.'' And I
    said, ``That's okay, I used to be one.'' [Laughter]
        I want to thank John Portman and Sam Williams and Peg Canter and
    Doug Miller for hosting me and welcoming me here to the Atlanta Apparel
    Mart. I want to say a special word of thanks to these distinguished
    business leaders who are up here on the platform; thank my good friend
    Governor Miller--I'm glad to see Governor and Mrs. Miller here--for
    meeting me outside; and for Mayor Jackson, who rode in with me and asked
    me to do more for Atlanta. [Laughter] You know, I don't know what I'd
    ever do if I came to Atlanta without a suit coat because I always have
    the Maynard Jackson memorial list. [Laughter] And I actually got gigged
    today in the office before I left the White House; they said, now be
    sure and remember to leave Maynard's list on the desk tonight when you
    get back so we can go to work on it. [Laughter]
        I flew down here with a number of members of your congressional
    delegation who had a great, great night last night. I thank them for
    their presence here. And I'm glad to see many others in the audience,
    Andy Young and Max Cleland and others who are here. I thank you all for
    being here.
        It was just a few days ago that I celebrated--and I did celebrate; I
    wrote Zell a note about it--the first anniversary of the Georgia
    Democratic primary, when all the experts were saying that if I didn't
    receive 40 percent of the vote here, I would have to pack up my tent and
    go home. And thanks to you, some of you, anyway, who voted in the
    primary, I got--[laughter]--57 percent, and I didn't have to pack up my
    tent and go home.

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        This is the first opportunity I've had to come back to Georgia since
    your State gave your electoral votes to the Clinton-Gore ticket in
    November. I want to tell you how very grateful I am for that and how
    much I enjoy working with your Representatives and how dedicated I think
    the people in Washington are now to break the gridlock that has gripped
    our country for too long. Not only did the folks in the House delegation
    who flew down with me today cast some historic votes last night, but
    there were also some attempts to derail our program in the United States
    Senate last night. And they too fell short, even though they were very
    carefully developed to be as attractive as possible. And I thank Senator
    Nunn for his help in maintaining the integrity of the program yesterday
    in the Senate, too.
        When the House of Representatives acted last night to pass the
    budget resolution and to pass the emergency jobs program, they did
    something that our country, as nearly as I can tell from my study of our
    history, has never before done. They actually voted at the same time to
    reduce the national debt and to increase our investment in jobs and in
    education, in the new technologies of the future, and helping us to
    adjust to the defense cutbacks and to the rigors of the global economy.
    Reduce the deficit; increase investment. In order to do it, they had to
    take some very tough positions. They had to vote to reduce spending in
    very specific ways, not just general rhetoric but real specific
    commitments to reduce spending. They had to vote to raise taxes after
    more than a decade of being told that that was always a bad thing to do.
    And they had to draw clear distinctions between different kinds of
    Government spending.
        As Virgil said in the introduction, here at the grassroots level of
    America, if you're running a business or if you're running a city or if
    you're running a State government, you know there is a difference
    between investing in education and job growth and infrastructure and the
    things that will increase productivity and wealth and employment, and
    just expanding programs that may or may not work or taking more people
    to do the same thing. For too long in Washington there has been no
    distinction, so we've had this unbelievable irony for 12 years in which
    the deficit has gone up, but our investment in the future has gone down.
    And we have paid a terrific price for it.
        I hope and believe that the process of real renewal has begun, but
    only begun. On the 57th day of this administration, our economic plan is
    almost halfway home. The new direction is designed to meet the needs of
    the broad middle class of America again for jobs and for schools, for
    bringing a college education back within the reach of ordinary people,
    and bringing down the cost of health care and extending its reach. It's
    about giving the poor a chance to work their way out of poverty and
    welfare and dependence, about investing wisely again in our future,
    about helping all Americans and especially our children to be stronger
    and healthier and smarter so that they can realize their full potential
    and our country can maintain its economic superiority, without which we
    cannot hope to lead the world in this new era.
        At the same time, we're actually wasting a lot less of the
    taxpayers' money. We've cut 150 specific programs, and there are more on
    the way. Tens of billions of dollars in spending have been cut. And
    under this budget resolution, not one penny in taxes can be raised
    unless we also cut spending in the amounts prescribed.
        The new direction is also about changing the nature of the way
    Government works. The Government that I inherited, through no particular
    person or party's fault perhaps, is too large, too slow, too distant,
    and often too old in its approach to solving problems. I am committed to
    changing the way the Government operates, starting at the top with my
    own budget and taking a look at every program and every Agency. I have
    asked the Vice President to take 6 months to take advantage of the best
    talent we can find and to review the operations of every single
    Government Agency and program with a view toward not just cutting
    unnecessary spending but literally changing the whole way Government
    works: relying more on markets and incentives, eliminating unnecessary
    layers of management, pushing decisions down to the lowest possible
    level, taking full advantage of technology.
        I discovered that in the White House alone, if we could invest $4.7
    million in new technology, in communications technology and other
    technology, we could save over $10 million a year in payroll. And we
    could do it in spite of the fact that we are now getting 34,000 letters
    a day. And we are trying to set up a system where we can actually answer
    them. The White House operation historically has been so antiquated that
    at least two-thirds of the letters that

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    came in never got answered at all. And usually they were those that, to
    keep faith with the American people, perhaps should have been answered
    first. Often letters that were critical were just thrown away as
    negative mail, because literally there was no capacity to handle it.
    Thousands of people every day want to call the White House, but the
    switchboard was put there when Lyndon Johnson was President, and people
    still pick up wires and plug them into holes when the calls are made.
    When I became President, I walked into the Oval Office and found the
    telephone system that President Jimmy Carter had operated with. And I
    found that I couldn't have a conference call, but when the light came on
    on my phone, anybody in the central office of the White House could push
    their lighted button down and have a conference call I didn't want.
    [Laughter]
        Now, that's funny, but it says something about the tendency of
    Government to add layer upon layer upon layer to the way things used to
    be, when new things have to be done, rather than stopping old things
    while you start new things and changing the way things work. The longer
    you've got a monopoly on money and a monopoly on customers, there is
    very little incentive out there to change. But there is no real monopoly
    anymore because there's a limit to how much the Government can take out
    of the economy and we are constrained by what we have to spend on
    defense, on health care, on interest on the debt, and other things. So
    the Government is compelled to reexamine the way we do our business. And
    I think we're going to have some very exciting things to show for our
    efforts in the weeks and months ahead.
        The plan I ask the American people to embrace and to support the
    Congress in embracing is a thoughtful one, built piece by piece, a
    strategy that looks at the entire picture of America and asks what we
    have to do to ensure growth. It's a plan for short-term job creation and
    long-term prosperity, a chance to invest and prosper in a free market
    system, to improve education and training for a lifetime, to make health
    care more affordable and accessible, to make our streets safer, and more
    importantly, to give our people a chance to be involved in the large
    work of keeping our country moving forward.
        One of the most frustrating things to me about the year and a half
    that I crossed this country in the campaign was the number of people I
    met who had simply given up on the system. Now if we get 34,000 letters
    a day and half of them are critical, I count that as a good day, because
    it means that people believe they can write their President and somebody
    will be there listening and paying attention. People believe the system
    will work again. There was a poll in New Jersey last week--one of two
    States that have elections for Governor in this off-year--saying that 18
    percent of the people who are going to vote in this election this year
    voted for the very first time in the Presidential election in 1992. The
    Los Angeles Times poll said that 70 percent of the American people had
    actually discussed the economic plan I presented to the Congress and to
    the people with one of their friends or neighbors or family members.
    That means democracy is on the march again in America, and people
    believe the system can be made to work for them. And that is in itself a
    victory for the efforts that we are all making.
        Make no mistake. I know that there are many roadblocks ahead. I know
    that I'll make some mistakes along the way. And I know, too, there are
    still guardians of gridlock in Washington who will fight fundamental
    change. There are those now who say that we ought to cut the investments
    that I propose to make in families and children, in jobs and education
    and health care, make them vulnerable, and then we won't have to ask as
    much from others in either tax increases or spending cuts in older
    programs.
        There are about 80,000 lobbyists in and around Washington. By some
    estimates, they spend nearly $1 billion a year protecting the various
    interests they're hired to protect. They get a tax deduction to do it,
    for a while. But the kind of children I saw today in the joint public-
    private child care center I visited before coming over here don't have
    much of a lobby in Washington. Pregnant mothers or out of work or hard-
    working parents don't have a lot of time to hire people to roam the
    halls of Congress to stick up for them. Those who are neither wealthy
    nor organized, no matter what they're doing, are very often the most
    voiceless and powerless in our system, even though they may carry the
    day in whether our free enterprise system actually works or not. That's
    why it's the President's job to try to speak and fight for them. It's
    why we have to encourage those in Congress to stand ready to vote for
    change.
        Yesterday's vote in the House is really a huge step in that
    direction. You ought to talk to John Lewis or the others who are here,
    Nathan Deal

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    and Buddy Darden or Cynthia McKinney or Don Johnson, and ask them what
    it was like last night--Sanford Bishop--ask them what it was like when
    we get 218 votes and all of a sudden people say, ``My God, we actually
    did something here for a change. We've got something to go home and talk
    about. Even if somebody jumps on us, at least they'll jump on us for
    doing something instead of for not doing something.''
        A few weeks ago I went with Senator Moynihan of New York to New
    York. We flew into an Air Force facility, and then we drove for about 50
    minutes to Franklin Roosevelt's hometown in Hyde Park. There were
    hundreds of people along the way--8, 10 degrees outside, people standing
    outside holding their signs up. One person had a sign that I thought was
    pretty reflective of the American public mood. It said, ``Just do
    something.'' [Laughter] Just do something.
        Well, the Congress has acted in a fundamental departure from the
    status quo. They proved that change is possible. And let me just give
    you one example that has already taken place. Last year when this
    recession started going way, way too long and no new jobs were being
    created, the Federal Reserve Board began to lower the Government's
    rediscount rate in an earnest attempt to bring interest rates down. And
    interest rates came down some. But there was still a huge gap between
    the rate that the Government charged bankers and the long-term interest
    rates in this country. Just since the election, since this deficit
    reduction plan has come out, interest rates have been down between .8
    percent and one full percentage point, floating back and forth more or
    less in that range.
        I'll bet you if I ask for a show of hands in this room, there are a
    lot of people in this room that, in the last 4 months, have refinanced a
    house or have benefited from a changing interest rate on a business loan
    or a car loan or credit card purchases. There are millions and millions
    of Americans who, in the first 6 months of this year, will save more
    money in interest payments than they'll pay in the energy tax I propose
    for the full 4 years of this administration. That is what happens if you
    gain control of your economic destiny, if you keep interest rates down,
    if you bring this deficit down, and if you have a plan for long-term
    growth.
        I've had to put on my foreign policy hat a little bit in the last 10
    days, meeting with leaders around the world. I've seen in the last
    several weeks the Prime Ministers of Canada and Great Britain and then
    recently the President of France and the President of Haiti and the head
    of the European Community and the Prime Minister of Israel. And sooner
    or later, it always gets around to a conversation where they say, you
    know--particularly the Europeans say--America is on the move again.
    You've restored people's feeling that the Government can actually work
    with the people in a country and get something going again. It can make
    a difference again. And that is what I came here to ask for your support
    for today: Not to agree with everything I say or do; I'm sure I've made
    some mistakes, and I'll make some more. But I think we ought to get up
    and go to work every day, and I think we ought to make a difference.
        We're working hard first to fix this economy, to bring the deficit
    down, and then to face the other problems ahead of us. We need to pass,
    and I want to emphasize this, we need to pass what is a modest but
    important stimulus program to create a half a million jobs in the short
    run. We need to do it for a couple of reasons. First of all, the program
    is targeted to give businesses that are creating jobs more incentive to
    invest to create more jobs, and secondly, to target public spending
    programs into projects that are ready to go and designed to be
    guaranteed to produce new jobs. And, secondly, in a larger sense, we
    need to do it because all the wealthier countries in the world, not just
    the United States, all of them are having great difficulty now, even in
    times of economic recovery, in creating new jobs. In the last decade,
    Europe had two big economic recovery periods, created virtually no new
    jobs, even though incomes were going up, profits were going up, new jobs
    were not coming into the economy.
        In the last 2 or 3 years, that's started to happen in the United
    States. All during the 1980's, the largest companies in America
    downsized, just the way I'm trying to downsize the Federal Government.
    They had to do it to be more competitive. But in every year of the
    eighties, small business created more jobs than larger businesses lost.
    Then, the last couple of years, that whole trend came to a screeching
    halt. There were a lot of reasons: the recession, the cost of health
    care, the credit crunch, the enormous cumulative cost of adding a new
    employee to a small business work force.
        In the last month, we had 365,000 new jobs.

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    That's the good news. The bad news is that more than half of them were
    part-time jobs, jobs that didn't contain a full income and couldn't
    provide for health care coverage for the family. Every month now,
    because of the changing mix in our economy, 100,000 Americans are losing
    their health insurance. So there are severe problems in this economy
    that we have to address to create the jobs. Let me just mention a couple
    of things that we're trying to do, particularly to focus on small
    business.
        We have announced a Governmentwide program with every Agency that
    regulates our financial institutions to try to end the credit crunch on
    small business and give banks the flexibility they need to make good
    loans to worthy customers in the small business sector and to
    drastically, and I mean drastically, cut the paperwork required to
    access Government programs and to comply with the regulatory
    requirements.
        We have proposed a program that would give small businesses--90
    percent of the employers employing 40 percent of the people but
    providing way over half the new jobs--a permanent investment tax credit
    so that they'll always have more incentives to plow money back into the
    business.
        We have taken steps to pass a budget which will contain billions of
    dollars in funds to help to deal with these terrible, terrible economic
    problems caused by defense cutbacks and base closings by not only
    retraining workers at very high levels but also providing joint ventures
    in new technologies so that defense contractors will have a fighting
    chance to get into technologies that have both civilian and defense
    uses, or entirely civilian uses, to create the jobs of the future.
        These are just some of the things that have to be done to keep our
    eye on the ball. The purpose of bringing the deficit down is to make the
    economy work, which means we've got to both bring the deficit down and
    focus on these investments. We've got to change the nature of Federal
    spending: less consumption, more investment.
        And finally, in order to get that done, we're going to have to face
    the health care crisis in America. It is projected that if we do nothing
    to change Government spending patterns on health care, listen to this,
    in 5 years, adding no new benefits--adding no new benefits--in 5 years,
    your tax bill for paying for Medicare and Medicaid will go from $210
    billion to $350 billion, a 67 percent increase in 5 years with no new
    benefits, because of the explosion of health care costs and the
    explosion in the number of people who will be forced onto the public
    health care rolls as people cannot afford anymore to insure their
    employees.
        This is a devastating blow to our efforts to reduce the deficit. If
    you want us to bring the budget into balance, you must insist that after
    we pass this budget, we move on to find a way to bring health costs in
    line with inflation and provide a basic package of health care to all of
    our people. Every other country in the world, except the United States,
    has figured out a way to do that. Let me tell you what will happen if we
    don't. By the end of the decade we'll be spending 20 percent of every
    dollar, 20 cents on the dollar, on health care. And none of our
    competitors will be over a dime, and we will be in a serious hole in
    terms of trying to be competitive. We also cannot balance the budget.
        The flip side of that is if by working in partnership with
    providers, employers, and employee groups, we can bring health costs in
    line with inflation without sacrificing quality, we can emphasize
    preventive and primary care, we can provide a way for everybody to have
    basic coverage, we can guarantee people that they won't lose their
    health insurance if somebody in their family's been sick, or if their
    own business goes down, if we can do that, we can free up hundreds of
    billions of dollars.
        If you look at the projected increases in health care costs,
    bringing health costs in line with inflation would do more to stimulate
    the private economy, even in keeping interest rates down, and much more
    than any tax cut or any Government spending program we can hope to put
    out there. So that is the next big challenge for us. But first we've got
    to pass the economic program.
        So I ask all of you today to bring to your views of the National
    Government the spirit that I see in Atlanta: the idea that the
    Government and the business sector ought to be in a partnership, the
    idea that there's a difference between investment and consumption, the
    idea that you can't run from your problems so you might as well face
    them and try to do something about them and make progress on them. Those
    are the things that I saw in that child care center here today. That is
    the spirit that brought the Olympics to Atlanta. That is the spirit
    behind

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    the old motto you had when my State had its misfortune in the racial
    crisis in 1957 and Atlanta called itself ``the city that was too busy to
    hate.''
        That is what you have to do as a citizen of the United States:
    Support the Members of the Congress that are up there trying to get
    something done. Support the idea that we can reduce the deficit and
    increase investment and create jobs. Support the idea that gridlock is
    not good for anybody except people who like to hear the gears squeal.
    Support the idea that we have to change in order to renew the American
    dream.
        We are moving in the right direction. Last night was an exhilarating
    first step. But believe me, you can ask any Member of the United States
    Congress, they did not count that a victory for themselves last night:
    It was a victory for you. They know that they will do only what they
    believe you want them to do. The people of this country are back in the
    driver's seat; it's time to put your foot on the accelerator and stay in
    the middle of the road.
        Thank you, and God bless you all.

    Note: The President spoke at 2:02 p.m. at the Apparel Mart. In his
    remarks, he referred to Virgil R. Williams, president and chief
    executive officer, Williams Communications, Inc.; John Portman,
    chairman, Portman Companies; Sam Williams, president, Atlanta Market
    Center; Peg Canter, general manager, Apparel Mart; Doug Miller, general
    manager, Atlanta Market Center Trade Shows; Zell Miller, Governor of
    Georgia; Andrew Young, chief executive officer, Law International, and
    former Mayor of Atlanta; and Max Cleland, Georgia Secretary of State.