    [Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: William J. Clinton (1993, Book I)]
    [April 4, 1993]
    [Pages 393-401]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]

    [[Page 393]]

    The President's News Conference With President Boris Yeltsin of Russia
    in Vancouver
    April 4, 1993

        President Clinton. Good afternoon. I have just completed 2 days of
    intensely productive discussions with President Boris Yeltsin. I want to
    join him in thanking Prime Minister Mulroney and the people of Canada
    for their hospitality. The beauty of Vancouver has inspired our work
    here, and this weekend I believe we have laid the foundation for a new
    democratic partnership between the United States and Russia.
        The heroic deeds of Boris Yeltsin and the Russian people launched
    their reforms toward democracy and market economies and defended them
    valiantly during the dark days of August of 1991. Now it is the self-
    interest and the high duty of all the world's democracies to stand by
    Russia's democratic reforms in their new hour of challenge.
        The contrast between our promising new partnership and our
    confrontational past underscores the opportunities that hang in the
    balance today. For 45 years we pursued a deadly competition in nuclear
    arms. Now we can pursue a safe and steady cooperation to reduce the
    arsenals that have haunted mankind. For 45 years our Nation invested
    trillions of dollars to contain and deter Soviet communism. Now the
    emergence of a peaceful and democratic Russia can enable us to devote
    more to our own domestic needs.
        The emergence of a newly productive and prosperous Russia could add
    untold billions in new growth to the global economy. That would mean new
    jobs and new investment opportunities for Americans and our allies
    around the world. We are investing today not only in the future of
    Russia but in the future of America as well.
        Mr. President, our Nation will not stand on the sidelines when it
    comes to democracy in Russia. We know where we stand. We are with
    Russian democracy. We are with Russian reforms. We are with Russian
    markets. We support freedom of conscience and speech and religion. We
    support respect for ethnic minorities. We actively support reform and
    reformers and you in Russia.
        The ultimate responsibility for the success of Russia's new course,
    of course, rests with the people of Russia. It is they who must support
    economic reforms and make them work. But Americans know that our Nation
    has a part to play, too, and we will do so.
        In our discussions, President Yeltsin and I reached several
    important agreements on the ways in which the United States and the
    other major industrialized democracies can best support Russian reforms.
    First are programs that can begin immediately. I discussed with
    President Yeltsin the initiatives totaling $1.6 billion intended to
    bolster political and economic reforms in Russia. These programs already
    are funded. They can provide immediate and tangible results for the
    Russian people.
        We will invest in the growth of Russia's private sector through two
    funds to accelerate privatization and to lend to new small private
    businesses. We will resume grain sales to Russia and extend $700 million
    in loans for Russia to purchase American grain. We will launch a pilot
    project to help provide housing and retraining for the Russian military
    officers as they move into jobs in the civilian economy.
        Because the momentum for reform must come upward from the Russian
    people, not down from their government, we will expand exchanges between
    American farmers, business people, students, and others with expertise
    working directly with the Russian people. And we agreed to make a
    special effort to promote American investment, particularly in Russia's
    oil and gas sectors. To give impetus to this effort, we will ask Vice
    President Gore and Russian Prime Minister Chernomyrdin to chair a new
    commission on energy and space.
        Second, beyond these immediate programs, the President and I agreed
    that our partnership requires broader perspectives and broader
    cooperative initiatives, which I will discuss with the Congress when I
    return home. We expect to do more than we are announcing today in
    housing and technical assistance, in nuclear safety and cooperation on
    the environment, and in important exchanges.
        Third, this challenge we face today is clearly not one for the
    United States and Russia alone. I have asked our allies in the G-7 to
    come

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    forward with their own individual bilateral initiatives. Canada and
    Britain have already done so, and I expect others to follow.
        President Yeltsin and I also discussed plans for the G-7 nations to
    act together in support of Russia's reforms. The foreign and finance
    ministers of the G-7 are meeting in Tokyo on April 14th and 15th.
    Coordinated efforts are required to help Russia stabilize its economy
    and its currency. The President and I agreed that Russia and the G-7
    nations must take mutually reinforcing steps to strengthen reform in
    Russia. And those will be announced on the 14th and 15th in Tokyo.
        Beyond these economic initiatives, the President and I discussed a
    broad agenda of cooperation in foreign affairs. We reaffirmed our
    commitment to safe dismantlement and disposal of nuclear weapons. We
    discussed the need to strengthen the Non-Proliferation Treaty and to
    assure that Ukraine along with Belarus and Kazakhstan ratify the START
    Treaty and accede to the NPT as non-nuclear-weapons states. I stress
    that we want to expand our relationships with all the new independent
    states.
        We also agreed to work in concert to help resolve regional crises,
    to stem weapons of proliferation, to protect the global environment, and
    to address common challenges to international peace, such as the tragic
    violence in Bosnia, advancing the promising peace talks we have
    cosponsored in the Mideast, and continuing our cooperation to end the
    regional conflicts of the cold war era.
        Many of the dreams Americans and Russians hold for their children
    and for generations to come rest on the long-term success of Russia's
    reforms and, thus, on the long-term partnerships between our two
    nations. Our new democratic partnership can make an historic
    contribution for all humanity well into the next century. Both of us
    know that it requires effort and vigilance to make progress along the
    path toward democracy's ideal. And I believe we both see those ideas as
    rooted deeply in the human spirit.
        I think of the words of one of the great poets of democracy within
    our own country, Walt Whitman. In a poem about crossing the East River
    in New York where the Brooklyn Bridge now stands, he commands, ``Flow
    on, river; flow on.'' Of course, the river hardly required his
    permission. It has flowed on for centuries and will continue to, whether
    old Walt Whitman decreed it or not. Yet, he bellowed his enthusiastic
    support for the river's timeless journey.
        Russia's struggle for democracy and America's support are much the
    same. We know that the attraction to freedom that animates democracy
    flows powerfully through the human spirit like a river. Our words do not
    cause that river to flow, and history has now proven that in the long
    run no tyrant can cause the river to stop. Yet, we bellow our support
    because it is right and because democracy's river can carry both our
    nations toward a better future.
        As we have looked out across the Pacific to the shores of Russia and
    its far east over the last 2 days, we have committed ourselves anew to
    that journey. I now return to the United States with a reaffirmed
    commitment to that course and a determination to engage Members of
    Congress in both parties and the American people in a rededication to
    the prospect that a successful and strong and democratic Russia is very
    much in the best interest of America and the world.
        President Yeltsin. First of all, I should like to thank you, Mr.
    President, for your kind words addressed to Russia. I should like to
    thank Canada's Prime Minister, Mr. Mulroney, for the excellent way in
    which this summit of two Presidents of two great powers was organized.
    I'd like to thank the people of Vancouver for being so hospitable, for
    having so warmly welcomed our delegations and us personally, the
    Presidents. I should like to thank the journalists, who, it seems to me,
    kept a round-the-clock watch at their posts.
        I am fully satisfied by the results and by the spirit and atmosphere
    of my encounter with President Bill Clinton. It was in all senses out of
    the ordinary. But it was made extraordinary by processes transpiring in
    the United States and Russia, conditioned by very special relationships
    developing between ourselves and Mr. Bill Clinton. We met for the first
    time but yesterday, but became partners back at that meeting in
    Washington.
        When Bill Clinton became President, we rapidly established good
    working contacts over the telephone. We candidly discussed the most
    intricate issues and stated at the outset that there would be no pauses
    in our dialog and that we would rapidly manage to find time to meet and
    established that right at the beginning, as I say, several months ago.
        We had no right to further postpone personal encounter in the face
    of this world emerging

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    from a wounded past, its thoughts preoccupied by what has occurred in
    two great countries, the United States and Russia. We immediately found
    common language in Vancouver, probably because we're both businesslike
    people and at the same time, to some extent, idealists, both.
        We also believe that freedom, democracy, and freedom of choice for
    people are not mere words and are prepared to struggle for our beliefs.
    We understand that everything that happens in the world is interlinked,
    that cooperation is not concession-making but a vital necessity, a
    contribution to our future.
        At previous meetings, the nations' leaders discussed primarily the
    disassembly of confrontational structures, but here in Vancouver, we
    talked about building the new, laying the foundations of a future
    economy. This was the first economically oriented meeting of the meeting
    of the two great powers. We adopted some signal decisions in the
    interests of the people of the Russian Federation, in the interests of
    the people of the United States of America, in the interests of the
    world's people.
        We decided to eliminate discriminatory limitations on trade with
    Russia. We, in fact, said that we were simply hurt. Russia had embarked
    upon the path of democracy, whereas America was still treating us as
    though we were a Communist country. In fact, we're struggling against
    communism. I stated that quite clearly, and Bill Clinton agreed. We are
    prepared to compete but compete honestly. We decided to alter our
    approach to trade in Russian uranium, space technology, access to
    Russian military technology. We decided to do away with the Jackson-
    Vanik amendment and to resolve other legislative issues. There is
    considerably greater interest on the part of American investors in the
    fuel sector, in Russia space technology. We decided to cooperate in this
    area and decided to join forces, the U.S. and Russian administrations.
        The economic package of Bill Clinton--this is what it's going to be
    called from here on in--Bill Clinton's economic package is predicated on
    the fact that America wishes to see Russia prosper with a blooming
    economy. America intends to support Russian entrepreneurs, particularly
    small and medium farmers, Russia's youth. It's going to cooperate in
    housing construction for the military and in other areas. All of this is
    in support of Russian reforms, a part of the strategic form of
    cooperation between us, stressed Bill Clinton. Now, that figure, the
    figure that reflects that cooperation is a $1.6 billion. We're looking
    forward to other steps to be undertaken by the United States of America
    and other major industrial countries to support real reform in Russia.
        The linkage between that set of measures and other political
    measures was avoided. Of course, military and political problems could
    not be skirted. We discussed what might be done to see to it that all
    participants in the Bosnian conflict support the U.N. position. Here,
    our positions match as to the main points. We devoted quite a lot of
    attention to problems of nonproliferation. We decided to extend our
    agreements on the avoidance of accidents, such as the near accident
    involving submarines very recently. We decided to strengthen cooperation
    between various areas of the military. All of this is reflected in the
    Vancouver declaration, some of the principal elements of that
    declaration.
        Members of our delegation felt that the U.S. side did appreciate
    that support for Russia had to be timely. Our partners make it their
    goal to support Russia's reforms, which are not yet yielding major
    results as far as ordinary Russians are concerned.
        The meeting in Vancouver signals a shift from general assurances of
    support to Russia to pragmatic, specific, nitty-gritty projects. What we
    see dominating here are economic and not military strategic issues
    dominant.
        Another very important result is that we, with President Bill
    Clinton, did establish some pretty close personal contacts. Bill Clinton
    is a serious partner. He is prepared to tackle the major problems
    confronting our two countries in the interest of our two countries, in
    the interest of all free people throughout the world. I have invited
    Bill Clinton to visit Moscow, to render us an official visit at a time
    convenient to himself.
        Thank you very much.

    Nuclear Disarmament

        Q. President Clinton, after 45 years of deadly competition in
    nuclear arms and now a new spirit of democratic partnership, in this new
    spirit of democratic partnership, did you discuss whether Russia and the
    United States--[inaudible]----
        President Clinton. We did discuss that, and we discussed that within
    the framework of the

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    START agreements and the timetables established--[inaudible]--and we
    agreed that we would reexamine that at an early, early time. We did not
    resolve that issue, but we agreed to take it up again.

    Aid to Russia

        Q. A question, Mr. President, for you and President Yeltsin. Much of
    Bill Clinton's economic package is old wine in new bottles, and it's
    money that was previously authorized and appropriated by Congress. Why
    will it make a difference now, more of a difference now than it would
    have when it was approved last year? And what guarantees are there that
    it will be delivered this time, when it was not, when originally
    approved?
        President Clinton. I'd like to make two points. First of all, the
    nature of this package is, I think, somewhat different than the one
    which was discussed last year. First, three-quarters, three-quarters of
    this money will be distributed not government to government but will go
    to benefit the private sector, the emerging private sector in Russia,
    and will go outside of the central apparatus in terms of supporting
    privatization, helping to start new businesses, establishing a democracy
    corps at a really significant level.
        If you look at all the things that are down here, they are very
    specific; they are tangible; they are designed to develop concrete
    benefits for the people who will be involved. And as President Yeltsin
    reiterated to me in our last meeting, in each of these categories we
    have a proven mechanism for distributing the assistance so that we know
    how to get the money to its intended purpose.
        The second point I would like to make is that we intend for this to
    be leveraged in two ways: first, because I intend now to go back to the
    Congress, to the leaders of both parties with whom I met extensively
    before I came here, and discuss a second package of bilateral assistance
    which will be more aggressive in the areas of energy and environmental
    cleanup, areas which will be dramatically helpful in supporting the
    economy of Russia, and more aggressive in the whole issue of housing for
    returning soldiers, which is a very important issue socially and
    politically as well as economically in the country, and in several other
    areas. And we have asked the other G-7 countries each to do something on
    their own. And those messages are coming in now.
        And finally, I would remind you that we want a different kind of
    multilateral agreement to come out of Tokyo. That is, last year when the
    figure $24 billion was floated all across the United States and the
    world and Russia, a lot of it was contingent on all kinds of things
    which never happened and could not reasonably have been expected to
    happen. We are going to try to make sure that anything we say will be
    done, in fact, will be done. And that will be a big difference.
        President Yeltsin. I should like to stress a major difference
    between that which was decided upon in the past and that which was
    decided upon, economically speaking, in Bill Clinton's economic package:
    first, a close linkage to specific sectors in terms of sums earmarked,
    which will enable us to monitor the expenditure of each and every line
    item; second, a close connection to deadlines, which had never been done
    in the past. The figure of $24 billion was moot at, say, by the year
    2000, but now we've stated the 25th of April, 27th of April, 1st of May,
    the month of May, the month June, the month of September, the month of
    October, and throughout the remainder of 1993. That is the principal set
    of differences.
        Q. You somewhat anticipated what I had intended to ask. I see here a
    clear break in the type of assistance being rendered to reform, about
    which so much had been said by way of lipservice in the past. So what do
    you expect of the G-7 meeting in Tokyo, then?
        President Yeltsin. Reform, of course, is proceeding, but it's a
    young reform process. It's really only a year old. It's only for a year
    that we have reform underway in Russia. Now, in that one year we have
    had 60,000 private enterprises set up. In over 70 years not a single one
    was established. We must remember that over 50,000 major stockholding
    companies in that one year. These are perhaps minor successes, but they
    are signal successes nonetheless.
        But of course, certain quarters are putting on brakes on the
    process. Russia tends to run out of breath from time to time. It needs a
    transition period, a breather of, say, 2 years. And in that period of
    breather, we need this kind of support; not aid, I would stress, not in
    assistance but support, because in supplying food, technologies, goods,
    et cetera, et cetera, you do create additional workplaces, additional
    jobs in the United States of America, additional

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    use of American industrial plant capacity, a fuller use of U.S. economic
    potential. So these are not Christmas presents, I put it to you, not at
    all. This is policy and major policymaking, I put it to you. Thank you.
        Q. President Yeltsin, President Clinton, you've all indicated your
    devotion to democracy, but that you're both idealists at the same time.
    But what we're hearing about right now is a very pragmatic, a very down-
    to-earth set of measures, a very down-to-earth program. Now, President
    Yeltsin, how is this assistance to be rendered to particular sectors?
    You've indicated that there is a definite time, a place for delivery of
    the assistance. Now, you've also indicated that jobs will be created in
    America. But what will actually happen on the ground, so to speak, in
    Russia?
        President Yeltsin. Let's say we're going to spend 300 billion rubles
    on health in Russia, that will reach every single Russian--100 million
    in medicines that will reach every Russian. Technology--after all, new
    technologies will generate new consumer goods for each and every
    Russian. Everything is people oriented. This is Bill Clinton's policy.
    It is Yeltsin's policy. That is, that we work for people's benefit, for
    the benefit of each and every free individual.

    Aid Coordination and Trade Restrictions

        Q. What assurances do you have from President Yeltsin that this
    medicine, this food, these housing guarantees, that any of this can
    really be delivered through a system that we've been told is very
    bureaucratic and somewhat corrupt? What assurances have you given him
    that there won't be logjams on the American side? And could you tell us,
    do you agree with his opening statement that there is agreement here
    between the two leaders about ending the Jackson-Vanik amendment and
    about the technology transfers through COCOM?
        President Clinton. Let me answer the first question first. On the
    delivery systems, we have reached a tentative agreement, pending the
    acquiescence by other G-7 countries--I say that because I have not had a
    chance to discuss this with any of them--that there were logjams in the
    past, both within the government agencies of the United States and other
    countries and within Russia itself, and that we have now asked in a very
    carefully coordinated fashion all the G-7 to do two things: to commit to
    more bilateral assistance in terms of development and partnership and to
    work for a multilateral development package.
        So we have tentatively agreed, the two of us have--but again, I say
    nobody else has agreed to this--that we should establish a coordinating
    office in Moscow to make sure, number one, that each of us in the G-7
    does what we promise to do on time, without delay, and number two, that
    our efforts are coordinated within Russia, both so that we are not in
    conflict with each other and so that the money can actually go where
    it's supposed to go. So we devoted quite a bit of time to the whole
    business of implementation.
        As to your second question, we discussed Jackson-Vanik, COCOM, and a
    number of other issues. And I told President Yeltsin that in my meetings
    with the Congress before I left, we agreed that certain Members of
    Congress with an interest in this--I might add, in both parties--would
    actually compile a list of every one of the cold war legislative and
    other restrictions that are still being applied to Russia, even though
    it is now a democratic state, that I would listen to President Yeltsin
    on these issues, and that I would then return home and we would make as
    many changes as we could.
        But with regard specifically to Jackson-Vanik, I think the issue
    there is whether--it's a fact question from my point of view: Are there
    any more people who wish to emigrate who have not been allowed to? The
    President says he doesn't think so. He's going to look into that. I'm
    going to go back and raise that issue with Congress, along with the
    COCOM issue and a whole range of others. And I would expect within a
    matter of a few days, we'll be able to give to the American press and
    public a comprehensive answer to what the position of the administration
    on that will be.
        Q. COCOM?
        President Clinton. Including that. We are reviewing that, too.
        Go ahead.

    Areas of Cooperation

        Q. My question is directed both to President Yeltsin and to
    President Clinton. It goes as follows: The elimination of restrictions
    on trade with Russia, if that does happen, what perhaps should be the
    harbinger of the establishment of those relations of partnership which
    we've been talking about for so long. Now, I'd like to ask you,
    gentlemen, what particular priority

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    areas are up for partnership and cooperation? And President Clinton, how
    do you feel? Are there particular areas which the U.S. might like to
    stress in building up business cooperation with the Russians?
        President Yeltsin. On that first point, I should like to say that we
    discussed something like 50 issues yesterday and today, and practically
    all of those issues had to do with partnership. We would not manage to
    tackle any one of those issues if we were not partners, if we were
    rivals in each other's eyes, adversaries in each other's eyes. No, we
    are partners and future allies. That was the way our relationship
    unfolded. That's the way the negotiations went. That's the way we went
    about resolving issues. And in discussing those approximately 50 issues,
    we didn't sweep anything under the table; we didn't set anything aside.
    We decided either to pass them on for further investigation and
    analysis, or else we resolved them on the spot.
        President Clinton. I'd like to answer the question also, and respond
    to what President Yeltsin said. Among the areas in which the United
    States sees real opportunities for joint activity are energy, space, the
    environment, nuclear safety. These are some of the areas that we believe
    we can work together on in ways that would benefit Russia economically
    in a very short time and also be beneficial for the United States. Over
    and above that, we discussed but did not settle on a range of possible
    actions that we could take to make private investment in Russia more
    attractive to American investors because, after all, in the end a market
    economy is built by private investment and not just public investment
    alone.
        The second point I'd like to make in response to the comment by
    President Yeltsin: We did discuss a phenomenal number of issues. I think
    it's fair to say we discussed more issues than either one of us thought
    we would when we came here. We did not agree on everything. You would
    not expect the leaders of two great nations, even in partnership, to
    have total agreement. But we did come to agreement on how we would
    handle these issues, how we would try to work through our disagreements,
    and what we would do in the future. And I appreciated the extreme candor
    with which President Yeltsin treated all our discussions, including
    those areas where there is still some gap between our two positions.

    Submarine Incident and Baltic States

        Q. I have a two-part question, one for each of you. Mr. President,
    on another irritant in the U.S.-Russian relationship that was pointed
    out to us yesterday by your Communications Director, George
    Stephanopoulos, the patrolling off the Russian coast by U.S. submarines:
    What have you agreed to now to prevent these kinds of accidents from
    recurring down the road? Is this another case of old habits dying hard,
    that the U.S. still finds a need to keep these kinds of submarines off
    the Russian coast?
        And for President Yeltsin: An irritant in the U.S.-Russian
    relationship is the slow withdrawal of Russian troops from the Baltic
    States and from Eastern Europe. Are you committed to withdrawing the
    Russian soldiers as quickly as possible from those independent nations?
        President Clinton. Let me answer first. I don't mind saying to this
    whole assemblage that I told President Yeltsin I very much regretted the
    submarine incident, and that I had ordered a thorough review of the
    incident as well as the policy of which the incident happened to be an
    unintended part, and that as soon as that review was completed, I would
    engage Russia at the appropriate levels to discuss whether the policy
    should be changed and where we should go from here. That was a
    regrettable thing, and I don't want it to ever happen again.
        President Yeltsin. On the first point I'd add just a couple of
    words. We did agree that somewhere late in May or early in June the
    Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, Grachev, would visit the
    United States of America to discuss the entire gamut of issues of this
    sort, including close passage of submarines, so that such incidents
    might be avoided in the future.
        Now, with regard to withdrawal of troops from the Baltic States, we
    are adhering very closely to the schedule on troop withdrawals from
    Lithuania, and we are completing work on that schedule since Lithuania
    does not violate human rights and treats the Russian-speaking population
    fairly. If Latvia and Estonia violate human rights, if their laws are
    presently so structured that in fact some national minorities continue
    to be persecuted, and that involves basically Russians, we have, on the
    whole, adopted a political decision, a policy decision to withdraw
    troops from those states. We will be scheduling the actual withdrawal in
    line with what they decide in the human rights area.

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    Russian Referendum

        Q. I have a question that I would like to address to President
    Yeltsin and also to President Clinton.
        President Yeltsin, you indicated that Bill Clinton's economic
    package lays the groundwork for partnership between the United States of
    America and Russia and will provide considerable impetus to the reform
    process in Russia. In April, we're going to have a referendum in Russia.
    How, here today in Vancouver, would you forecast the situation unfolding
    on the basis of agreements reached here in Canada?
        Now, President Clinton, the personal factor is a major element in
    politics. Now, what would you indicate by way of your personal contact
    with President Yeltsin in regard to the referendum?
        President Yeltsin. That's our internal domestic issue. Whether it
    will be impacted directly or indirectly is another issue, but it's up to
    us to deal with the referendum issue. It's up to us to work with our
    people. It's up to us to persuade the citizens of the Russian Federation
    that if they do not vote in favor of confidence on the 25th of April,
    they will be dealing a major blow not only upon Russia but also upon the
    United States of America, upon the other countries of the world. This
    would be a loss to democracy, a loss to freedom, a rollback to the past,
    a return to the Communist yokes, something which is entirely
    inadmissible.
        President Clinton. My personal reaction to President Yeltsin based
    on these 2 days is, first, that he is very much what he seems to be--
    he's a person who rose from humble beginnings, who has never forgotten
    where he came from--and second, that his enduring virtue is that he
    trusts the Russian people.
        The great courage involved in all democracies is that in the end you
    have to trust the people, including you have to trust the people if they
    decide to throw you out. You have to trust the people.
        Boris Yeltsin has put the fate of the Government of Russia into the
    hands of the people of Russia. That is a unique thing in your history.
    There are few nations in the world that have the spirit, the culture,
    the richness that the Russian people can claim. And yet, for too long,
    they were never given control over their own destiny. My belief is that
    deep down inside he actually does trust all the people who live in those
    communities in the 12 time zones that make up Russia. And that is a very
    great thing.
        Yes.

    Exchange Programs

        Q. Mr. President and Mr. President, definitely we are interested if
    there is any part of the package which deals with Russia's far east and
    Pacific Northwest of the United States of America as far as economic
    reform and development is concerned and people-to-people relationships
    in particular.
        President Clinton. Yes, we agreed to have a substantial increase in
    the exchanges of people, particularly in the area of increasing the
    number of people we might bring to this country for training in business
    management, and big increases in student exchanges and a whole range of
    other things, including agriculture and other areas that we are still
    going to identify.
        Let me say that it is easy to minimize such things because they
    often do not cost as much money as some other parts of a long-term
    development package. But no one who has lived through the second half of
    the 20th century could possibly be blind to the enormous impact of
    exchange programs on the future of the countries.
        You know, when I was a young man I worked for the chairman of the
    Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Senator Fulbright. There is a
    scholarship program that carries his name that, literally, in my
    judgment, has changed the whole direction of policy in country after
    country after country. So I believe this is a very important thing, and
    I'm going to do everything I can to see that there is a major, major
    increase in the number of broad-gauged exchanges. And I might say I
    think that has great support in the United States Congress.
        President Yeltsin. I'd like to add a few words to that. This
    package, which I would like to call a very large and wise package which
    is going to make history, involves yet another question mark, and that
    is that of assisting the native populations in the northern reaches of
    Russia. It's a very, very important issue to tackle that one.

    Russian Referendum

        Q. I would like to know what is your deep feeling, because everybody
    tries to help you, and I think everybody is right to help you because
    you represent democracy. But the ques-

    [[Page 400]]

    tion I will ask you is that, after you, do you think there is an
    alternative that maybe our American friends, President Clinton, has been
    obliged to think about in case your enemies, your adversary oust you
    from power after the referendum on the 25th of April?
        President Yeltsin. My first point to that would be this: I intend to
    do everything I can in my power--and, by the way, I do believe in the
    Russian people making its proper choice on the 25th of April. At the
    moment, today I say there is no alternative to Yeltsin. Perhaps there
    will be one tomorrow, but certainly not one today.
        President Clinton. If I were on the ballot, I would make exactly the
    statement. The answer to your question is simple, I think. I have made
    it clear that the United States is committed to democracy, to human
    rights, to market economics, to reducing the nuclear threat, to
    respecting national sovereignty of the other newly independent states.
    We have interests and values. They are embodied by the policies and the
    direction of President Yeltsin. They are enduring. He is the duly
    elected President of Russia. And as long as he is, I intend to work with
    him and support him because he reflects those enduring values.

    Aid to Russia

        Q. I have a question to the President of Russia. The overall sum of
    this is that this is perhaps not so great. For example, when we had the
    Los Angeles riots we had a package twice that size set up. Now, what
    sort of projects in Russia do you think will yield the most immediate
    results and will have the greatest impact socially in the short run?
        President Yeltsin. I feel that we do not need astronomical figures,
    headline-making figures. What we need are real figures. These are real
    figures which are do-able, which are implementable in terms of things
    that we can do.
        Q. Well, what specific projects would you regard as the most
    effective ones?
        President Yeltsin. Well, the first priority would be fuel, which
    would enable us to replenish, to top off our hard-currency reserves. I'm
    talking about oil and gas, its revitalization, and we addressed that
    topic in very specific terms. The next issue would be immediate delivery
    of goods to the people.

    Cuba

        Q. I have a two-part question, one for Mr. Clinton and one for Mr.
    Yeltsin, please. Before leaving the United States, Hispanic Congressmen
    requested that you talk about the nuclear plant of Cienfuegos in Cuba,
    trying to get the commitment of Mr. Yeltsin not to continue or not to
    help in continuing the construction of that plant. Did you get that
    commitment?
        And for Mr. Yeltsin: I would like to know if you have a timetable
    for finishing the withdrawal of troops, Soviet troops, from Cuba?
        President Clinton. First of all, let me say that the day of massive
    subsidies between Russia and the Government of Cuba is over. The lion's
    share of the trade which exists now between Russia and Cuba is a market-
    based trade. There is a nuclear facility being constructed there. The
    United States is concerned about it. We've expressed our concern about
    it. That was basically the extent of our discussions here at this
    meeting.
        President Yeltsin. In regard to troop withdrawals, we have already
    initiated that withdrawal and are now finalizing a schedule for the
    final withdrawal of troops; nothing in terms of a specific timetable.

    Characterization of Summit

        Q. I have a question for President Clinton. Mr. President, even
    today, I think we can foretell that President Yeltsin's opponents will
    certainly be accusing him of making unilateral political concessions in
    exchange for Clinton's package. Perhaps we could anticipate their
    commentary and respond to that question even today.
        President Clinton. First of all, I do not believe it would be fair
    to say that President Yeltsin made a lot of political concessions in
    return for the commitments made by the United States. We did clarify
    some positions on some issues. And I felt better about it. But basically
    everything President Yeltsin said in our private meetings was consistent
    with the direction in which he has tried to lead Russia since he has
    been President.
        Secondly, I would remind you that the United States also has taken
    some steps that have nothing to do with money to try to reinforce the
    fact that we consider this a partnership of two great nations, that we
    want to work in partnerships. That's why I agreed to a comprehensive
    review of all the cold war statutes and other

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    limitations on our relationships with Russia. That's why I went out of
    my way to tell the President in our very first meeting how much I
    regretted the incident of the submarine bumping and how I was committed
    to reviewing our policy and to getting back with him on that.
        So I would say that President Yeltsin's opponents might want to
    characterize this meeting in that way, but it would not be a fair
    characterization. In fact, it would be a distortion of the conversation
    that we had.
        President Yeltsin. I am not frightened of possible reprimands or
    reproaches from the opposition because I see no single matter upon which
    it could hang such an accusation. There's nothing in any of the
    documents; there's nothing in what was said between us.
        President Clinton. Thank you very much.

    Note: The President's ninth news conference began at 1:45 p.m. at Canada
    Place. President Yeltsin spoke in Russian, and his remarks were
    translated by an interpreter.