    [Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: William J. Clinton (1993, Book I)]
    [March 9, 1993]
    [Pages 263-264]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]

    Letter to Congressional Leaders on Nuclear Cooperation With EURATOM
    March 9, 1993

    Dear Mr. Speaker:  (Dear Mr. President:)
        The United States has been engaged in nuclear cooperation with the
    European Community for many years. This cooperation was initiated under
    agreements that were concluded over 3 decades ago between the United
    States and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) and that
    extend until December 31, 1995. Since the inception of this cooperation,
    the Community has adhered to all its obligations under those agreements.
        The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 amended the Atomic Energy
    Act of 1954 to establish new nuclear export criteria, including a
    requirement that the United States have a right to consent to the
    reprocessing of fuel exported from the United States. Our present
    agreements for cooperation with EURATOM do not contain such a right. To
    avoid disrupting cooperation with EURATOM, a proviso was included in the
    law to enable continued cooperation until March 10, 1980, if EURATOM
    agreed to negotiations concerning our cooperation agreements. EURATOM
    agreed in 1978 to such negotiations.
        The law also provides that nuclear cooperation

    [[Page 264]]

    with EURATOM can be extended on an annual basis after March 10, 1980,
    upon determination by the President that failure to cooperate would be
    seriously prejudicial to the achievement of U.S. non-proliferation
    objectives or otherwise jeopardize the common defense and security and
    after notification to the Congress. President Carter made such a
    determination 13 years ago and signed Executive Order No. 12193,
    permitting nuclear cooperation with EURATOM to continue until March 10,
    1981. President Reagan made such determinations in 1981, 1982, 1983,
    1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, and 1988, and signed Executive Orders Nos.
    12295, 12351, 12409, 12463, 12506, 12554, 12587, and 12629 permitting
    nuclear cooperation to continue through March 10, 1989. President Bush
    made such determinations in 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1992, and signed
    Executive Orders Nos. 12670, 12706, 12753, and 12791 permitting nuclear
    cooperation to continue through March 10, 1993.
        In addition to numerous informal contacts, the United States has
    engaged in frequent talks with EURATOM regarding the renegotiation of
    the U.S.-EURATOM agreements for cooperation. Talks were conducted in
    November 1978, September 1979, April 1980, January 1982, November 1983,
    March 1984, May, September, and November 1985, April and July 1986,
    September 1987, September and November 1988, July and December 1989,
    February, April, October, and December 1990, and September 1991. Formal
    negotiations on a new agreement were held in April, September, and
    December 1992 and are expected to continue this year.
        I believe that it is essential that cooperation between the United
    States and the Community continue, and likewise, that we work closely
    with our allies to counter the threat of proliferation of nuclear
    explosives. Not only would a disruption of nuclear cooperation with
    EURATOM eliminate any chance of progress in our negotiations with that
    organization related to our agreements, it would also cause serious
    problems in our overall relationships. Accordingly, I have determined
    that failure to continue peaceful nuclear cooperation with EURATOM would
    be seriously prejudicial to the achievement of U.S. non-proliferation
    objectives and would jeopardize the common defense and security of the
    United States. I therefore intend to sign an Executive order to extend
    the waiver of the application of the relevant export criterion of the
    Atomic Energy Act for an additional 12 months from March 10, 1993.
        Sincerely,

                                                                Bill Clinton

    Note: Identical letters were sent to Thomas S. Foley, Speaker of the
    House of Representatives, and Albert Gore, Jr., President of the Senate.
    The Executive order is listed in Appendix D at the end of this volume.