[Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George H. W. Bush (1992, Book I)]
[February 27, 1992]
[Pages 334-344]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]



Declaration of San Antonio

February 27, 1992

San Antonio Drug Summit 1992

    We, the Presidents of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and 
the United States of America, and the Minister of Foreign Relations of 
Venezuela, met in San Antonio, Texas, on the 26th and 27th of February, 
one thousand nine hundred and ninety-two and issued the following

Declaration of San Antonio

    We recognize that the Cartagena Declaration, issued on February 15, 
1990, by the Presidents of Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, and the United 
States of America, laid the foundation for the development of a 
comprehensive and multilateral strategy to address the problem of 
illegal drugs. Those of us who represent the countries that met in 
Cartagena strongly reaffirm the commitments assumed at that time. 
Meeting now as representatives of seven governments, we express our 
determination to move beyond the achievements of Cartagena, build upon 
the progress attained, and adapt international cooperation to the new 
challenges arising from worldwide changes in the drug problem.
    We recognize that the overall problem of illegal drugs and related 
crimes represents a direct threat to the health and well-being of our 
peoples, to their economies, the national security of our countries, and 
to harmony in international relations. Drugs lead to violence and 
addiction, threaten democratic institutions, and waste economic and 
human resources that could be used for the benefit of our societies.
    We applaud the progress achieved over the past two years in reducing 
cocaine production, in lowering demand, in reducing cultivation for 
illicit purposes, in carrying out alternative development programs, and 
in dismantling and disrupting transnational drug trafficking 
organizations and their financial support networks. The close 
cooperation among our governments and their political will have led to 
an encouraging increasing in drug seizures and in the effectiveness of 
law enforcement actions. Also as a result of this cooperation and 
political will, a number of the principal drug lords who were actively 
engaged in the drug trade two years ago are in prison in several 
countries. Alternative development programs have proven to be an 
effective strategy for replacing coca cultivation in producer countries.
    Although we are encouraged by these achievements, we recognize that 
mutual cooperative efforts must be expanded and strengthened in all 
areas. We call on all sectors of society, notably the media, to increase 
their efforts in the anti-drug struggle. The role of the media is very 
important, and we urge them to intensify their valuable efforts. We 
undertake to promote, through the media, the values essential to a 
healthy society.
    In addition to the cocaine problem, we recognize the need to remain 
alert to the expansion of the production, trafficking, and consumption 
of heroin, marijuana, and other drugs. We emphasize the need to exert 
greater control over substances used in the production of these drugs, 
and to broaden consultations on the eradication of these illegal crops.
    We are convinced that our anti-drug efforts must be conducted on the 
basis of the principle of shared responsibility and in a balanced 
manner. It is essential to confront the drug problem through an 
integrated approach, addressing demand, cultivation for illicit 
purposes, production, trafficking, and illegal distribution networks, as 
well as related crimes, such as traffic in firearms and in essential and 
precursor chemicals, and money laundering. In addition, our governments 
will continue to perfect strategies that include alternative 
development, eradi-

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cation, control and interdiction, the strengthening of judicial systems, 
and the prevention of illicit drug use.
    We recognize the fundamental importance of strengthening judicial 
systems to ensure that effective institutions exist to bring criminals 
to justice. We assume responsibility for strengthening judicial 
cooperation among our countries to attain these objectives. We reaffirm 
our intention to carry out these efforts in full compliance with the 
international legal framework for the protection of human rights.
    We reaffirm that cooperation among us must be carried out in 
accordance with our national laws, with full respect for the sovereignty 
and territorial integrity of our nations, and in strict observance of 
international law.
    We recognize that the problem of illicit drugs is international. All 
countries directly or indirectly affected by the drug problem should 
take upon themselves clear responsibilities and actions in the anti-drug 
effort. We call on the countries of the region to strengthen national 
and international cooperative efforts and to participate actively in 
regional programs. We recognize that in the case of Peru, complicity 
between narco-trafficking and terrorism greatly complicates the anti-
drug effort, threatens democratic institutions, and undermines the 
viability of the Peruvian economy.
    We express our support for the anti-drug struggle being carried out 
by our sister nations of the Western Hemisphere, we call on them to 
increase their efforts, and we offer to strengthen our governments' 
cooperation with them through specific agreements they may wish to sign. 
We value and encourage regional unity in this effort.
    We note with concern the opening and expansion of markets for 
illicit drugs, particularly cocaine, in Europe and Asia. We call upon 
the nations of those continents and on other member countries of the 
international community to strengthen, through bilateral or multilateral 
agreements, cooperation in the anti-drug effort in which the nations of 
the Western Hemisphere are engaged. To this end, we have agreed to form 
a high-level group with representatives designated by the signatory 
countries of this Declaration, to visit other countries of this 
Hemisphere, Europe, and Japan, with the purpose of inviting them to 
participate actively in the efforts and cooperative strategies described 
in this Declaration.
    We reaffirm our solid commitment to the anti-drug efforts of 
international organizations, notably the United Nations and the 
Organization of American States. Inspired by the mandate of the Inter-
American Commission on the Control of Drug Abuse, we express our full 
support for its programs.
    We recognize the fundamental importance of strong economies and 
innovative economic initiatives to the successful conduct of the anti-
drug effort. Further progress in the areas of trade and investment will 
be essential. We support the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative as a 
means of improving economic conditions in the Hemisphere, and we are 
encouraged by the progress the countries of the region have made in 
restructuring their economies.
    We reaffirm the importance of alternative development in the anti-
drug effort. We note that the victims of narco-trafficking in the region 
include those sectors of society that live in extreme poverty and that 
are attracted to illicit drug production and trafficking as a means of 
livelihood. We consider that if our efforts to reduce illegal drug 
trafficking are to be successful, it will be essential to offer 
legitimate options that generate employment and income.
    We propose to achieve the objectives and goals defined above in this 
Declaration and in its attached Strategies for Action.
    Recognizing the need to ensure cohesion and progress in our anti-
drug efforts, our governments intend to hold a high-level meeting on an 
annual basis.
    In order to broaden international anti-drug efforts still further, 
we invite additional countries or representatives of groups of countries 
to associate themselves with this Declaration.
    Done at San Antonio, Texas, on this, the 27th day of February, 1992, 
in the English and Spanish languages.

[At this point, the representatives of the seven nations signed the 
declaration.]

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Strategies for Drug Control and the Strengthening of the Administration 
of Justice

    The Countries intend to strengthen unilateral, bilateral, and 
multilateral enforcement efforts and strengthen judicial systems to 
attack illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, 
and precursor and essential chemicals. The Countries are determined to 
combat drug trafficking organizations through the arrest, prosecution, 
sentencing, and imprisonment of their leaders, lieutenants, members, 
accomplices, and accessories through the seizure and forfeiture of their 
assets, pursuant to the Countries' respective domestic legal systems and 
laws in force. To attain these objectives, the Countries intend to carry 
out coordinated cooperative actions through their national institutions.
    Enforcement efforts cannot be carried out without economic programs 
such as alternative development.
    The Countries request financial support from the international 
community in order to obtain funds for alternative development programs 
in nations that require assistance.

1. Training Centers

    The Countries intend to provide training for the personnel who are 
responsible for or support the counter-drug battle in the signatory 
Countries at national training centers already in existence in the 
region. Emphasis will be given to the specialties of each of these 
centers in which personnel from governments of the other Countries may 
be enrolled as appropriate, in accordance with their respective legal 
systems. The signatory Countries, other governments, and international 
organizations are encouraged to provide financial and technical support 
for this training.

2. Regional Information Sharing

    The Countries intend to expand reciprocal information sharing 
concerning the activities of organizations, groups, and persons engaged 
in illicit drug trafficking. The Countries will establish channels of 
communication to ensure the rapid dissemination of information for 
purposes of effective enforcement. This information sharing will be 
consistent with the security procedures, laws, and regulations of each 
country.

3. Control of Sovereign Air Space

    The Countries recognize that drug traffickers move illicit drugs via 
identified air corridors and without regard to international borders or 
national airspace. The Countries also recognize that monitoring of 
airspace is an important factor in the apprehension of aircraft and 
crews involved in illicit drug traffic.
    The Countries recognize that there is a need to exchange timely 
information on potential drug traffickers in and around each country's 
sovereign air space.
    The Countries also agree to exchange information on their 
experiences and to provide one another with technical assistance in 
detecting, monitoring, and controlling aerial drug trafficking, when 
such assistance is requested in accordance with the domestic laws of 
each country and international laws in force.

4. Aircraft, Airfield and Landing Strip Control

    The Countries, recognizing that private and commercial aircraft are 
being utilized with increasing frequency in illicit trafficking of 
narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, intend to establish and 
increase the necessary enforcement actions to prevent the utilization of 
such aircraft, pursuant to the domestic laws of each country and 
international regulations in force.
    The Countries also intend, if necessary, to examine their domestic 
regulations pertaining to civil aviation in order to prevent the illicit 
use of aircraft and airports. They will also take the enforcement 
measures necessary to prevent the establishment of clandestine landing 
strips and eliminate those already in existence.
    The Countries will cooperate closely with each other in providing 
mutual assistance when requested in order to investigate aircraft 
suspected of illicit drug trafficking. The Countries, pursuant to their 
domestic legal systems, also intend to seize and confiscate private 
aircraft when it has been proven that they have been used in the illicit 
traffic of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.

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5. Maritime Control Actions

    As called for in Article 17 of the 1988 United Nations Convention 
against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 
the Countries intend to strengthen cooperation to eliminate to the 
extent possible illicit trafficking by sea. To this end, they will 
endeavor to establish mechanisms to determine the most expeditious means 
to verify the registry and ownership of vessels suspected of illicit 
trafficking that are operating seaward of the territorial sea of any 
nation. The Countries further intend to punish illicit traffic in 
narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances by sea under their national 
laws.

6. Chemical Control Regimes

    The Countries recognize that progress has been made in international 
efforts to eliminate the diversion of chemicals used in the illicit 
production of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. They 
specifically support the ``Model Regulations to Control Chemical 
Precursors and Chemical Substances, Machines and Materials'' of the 
Organization of American States, the chemical control measures adopted 
at the April 1991 International Drug Enforcement Conference (IDEC) 
meeting, and the recommendations in the Final Report of the Group of 
Seven Chemical Action Task Force, published in June 1991. The Countries 
call on all nations, and in particular, chemical exporting countries, to 
adopt the recommendations of the Group of Seven Chemical Action Task 
Force. They welcome the work of the above-mentioned Task Force and await 
with interest its report to the 1992 Economic Summit, in which it will 
make recommendations for the proper organization of worldwide control of 
those chemical products.
    The Countries express their support for including ten additional 
chemicals in the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in 
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, as proposed by the United 
States on behalf of the Chemical Action Task Force in the U.S. 
notification to the Secretary General.
    The Countries call on the International Narcotics Control Board to 
strengthen its actions aimed at controlling essential and precursor 
chemicals.
    The Countries intend to investigate, in their respective countries, 
the legitimacy of significant commercial transactions in controlled 
chemical products. The Countries call on the chemical producing nations 
to establish an effective system for certification of end uses and end 
users.
    The Countries will take appropriate legal action against companies 
violating chemical control regulations.
    Studies will be conducted in the countries where narcotic drugs and 
psychotropic substances are produced in order to quantify the demand for 
chemicals for legitimate purposes in order to assist in the control of 
these products. The United States intends to provide financial and 
technical assistance for conducting the aforementioned studies and for 
setting up national data banks.
    The Countries urge all nations and international organizations to 
cooperate effectively with programs aimed at strengthening border 
control in order to prevent the illegal entry of chemicals.

7. Port and Free Trade Zone Control

    The Countries intend to implement measures to suppress illicit drug 
trafficking in free trade zones and ports, as called for in Article 18 
of the 1988 United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in 
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and in accordance with the 
recommendations of the Ninth International Drug Enforcement Conference. 
A group of experts may be required to conduct a specialized study in 
order to identify the ports and free trade zones and identify the 
vulnerable points in the ports and free trade zones in the region that 
could be utilized for illicit traffic in drugs and chemicals. This study 
and subsequent reviews will serve as the basis for adopting measures to 
prevent illicit traffic in drugs and controlled substances in ports and 
free trade zones.

8. Carrier Cooperation Agreement

    The Countries are concerned about the difficulties inherent in the 
identification of suspicious shipments included in the great volume of 
legitimate commerce. In order to

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improve the effectiveness of border controls and also facilitate the 
transit of legitimate merchandise, the Countries intend to enlist the 
cooperation of air, land, and maritime transport companies. The 
Countries agree, in principle, to implement common standards and 
practices in order to include carriers in measure to improve anti-drug 
security.

9. Money Laundering

    The 1988 United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in 
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances establishes a series of 
measures related to the control of financial assets to which the 
Countries intend to conform their domestic laws. The Countries support 
full implementation of this Convention, which requires, inter alia, the 
criminalization of all money laundering operations related to illicit 
drug traffic.
    The Countries recognize and support the efforts of the Group of 
Seven Financial Action Task Force. The Countries call upon the Eleventh 
Meeting of senior-level OAS/CICAD officials to approve the Model 
Regulations on Money Laundering related to illicit drug traffic.
    The Countries intend to make recommendations regarding the 
following:
    --The elements of a comprehensive financial enforcement and money 
laundering control program;
    --Exchange of financial information among governments in accordance 
with bilateral understandings.

10. Strengthening the Administration of Justice

    The Countries recognize and support efforts designed to improve 
their judicial systems, in those cases in which this may be necessary, 
in order to ensure the effectiveness of those systems in establishing 
the culpability and penalties applicable to traffickers in illicit 
drugs. They recognize the need for adequate protection for the persons 
responsible for administering justice in this area inasmuch as effective 
legal systems are essential for democracy and economic progress.
    The Countries call on all nations to strengthen the United Nations 
Drug Control Program.

11. Strengthening Judicial Cooperation

    The Countries support the provisions of the 1988 United Nations 
Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic 
Substances related to increased cooperation and mutual legal assistance 
in the battle against illicit drug trafficking, money laundering, and 
investigations and proceedings involving seizure and forfeiture. The 
Countries must consider approval of the projects of the OAS Inter-
American Judicial Committee on mutual legal assistance in criminal 
matters and on precautionary measures.
    The Countries will encourage the expeditious exchange of information 
and evidence needed for legal proceedings involving illicit drug 
trafficking, pursuant to their domestic laws and bilateral and 
multilateral agreements.

12. Sharing of Assets and Property

    The Countries shall seek to conclude bilateral or multilateral 
agreements on the sharing of property seized and forfeited in the 
struggle against drug trafficking in accordance with the laws in force 
and the practices in each country. The Countries also consider that 
asset sharing would encourage international cooperation among law 
enforcement officials, and that confiscated property would be a valuable 
source of funds and equipment for combatting drug production and 
trafficking and for preventing drug consumption and treating addicts.

13. Firearms Control

    The Countries recommend that measures to control firearms, 
ammunition, and explosives be strengthened in order to avoid their 
diversion to drug traffickers. The Countries also call for an enhanced 
exchange of detailed and complete information regarding seized weapons 
in order to facilitate the identification and determination of origin of 
such weapons, as well as the prosecution of those responsible for their 
illegal export.
    To this end, the United States intends to tighten its export 
controls and to cooperate with the Governments of the other Countries to 
verify the legitimacy of end users.

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    The Countries consider that close cooperation with the OAS/CICAD is 
essential in such firearms, ammunition, and explosives control efforts.

14. Other Cooperative Arrangements

    The Countries recognize that cooperative operations have been a 
useful tool in the war against drug traffickers in the past. The 
Countries intend to continue and expand such cooperative measures 
through their national organizations responsible for the struggle 
against illegal drug trafficking.

Strategies in the Economic and Financial Areas

    The Countries propose to strengthen unilateral, bilateral, and 
multilateral efforts aimed at improving economic conditions in the 
countries involved in the cycle of illegal drug production and 
trafficking. Extreme poverty and the growth of the drug problem are the 
main reasons that peasants become involved in illegal coca leaf 
production. The Countries reaffirm the principles in the Declaration of 
Cartagena, which accept that alternative economic development is an 
essential part of the comprehensive plan to reduce illegal trade in 
narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Alternative development 
cannot succeed in the absence of enforcement and interdiction efforts 
that effectively reduce this illegal drug trafficking.
    The Countries recognize and approve of the structural changes that 
have taken place in the economies of the Andean countries and Mexico. 
These changes strengthen stability and increase prospects for economic 
growth. The Countries recognize that these reforms merit full support. 
Efforts to attract an increased flow of private investment will provide 
opportunities for sustained economic growth.

1. Economic Issues

    The Countries recognize that the Enterprise for the Americas 
Initiative (EAI) with its three pillars--investment, trade, and debt--
offers important means of improving economic conditions in the 
Hemisphere.
    All of the Countries have signed bilateral trade and investment 
framework agreements with the United States. The Countries recognize 
that these agreements are important to encourage investment and trade 
liberalization, and they intend to move ahead with the three pillars of 
the EAI as follows:

    a. Investment

    The Countries recognize the critical importance of enacting laws and 
taking steps that encourage private investment and economic development. 
In this regard, the Countries have expressed their willingness to 
negotiate parallel bilateral agreements to protect intellectual property 
rights, as well as bilateral investment agreements, and others that 
promote trade liberalization. For this purpose, the Enterprise for the 
Americas Initiative includes trade and investment framework agreements.
    The Countries express their satisfaction with the establishment of 
the Multilateral Investment Fund under the aegis of the Inter-American 
Development Bank. The Countries consider this Fund important to provide 
technical assistance and to encourage private investment.
    The Countries note that the move towards a market economy in Latin 
America is a good vehicle for generating sustained economic growth, with 
benefits throughout society. They therefore view with interest 
experiences in privatizing services and industries that can serve to 
attract a significant flow of direct foreign investment. The initiation 
of operations by the Multilateral Investment Fund and technical 
assistance in support of privatization efforts will aid in the 
development of market economies. Some Andean countries plan to proceed 
with privatization programs and reforms of financial systems to the 
degree and depth possible in each country.
    The Andean countries state that facilitating access to the 936 funds 
would have a catalytic effect in attracting private investment to that 
subregion.
    The profound structural changes in the region make the active 
participation of financial entities in funding private projects more 
important than ever before. The Countries urge entities such as the 
International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the Inter-American 
Investment Corporation

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(IIC) to continue working with the Andean region. The countries of the 
Andean region are pleased by Mexico's participation as a stockholder in 
the Andean Development Corporation (ADC), which is a suitable channel 
for development activity in the subregion, particularly for the private 
sector, within a framework of productive integration. These countries 
express their interest in also being able to count on active 
participation by the United States Government in the ADC. The United 
States takes note of that interest.

    b. Trade

    The Countries express their satisfaction regarding enactment of the 
Andean Trade Preference Act which allows the countries of the Andean 
region to export a wide variety of products to the United States for a 
ten-year period without paying duties. Those eligible countries that 
wish to benefit from this law will take the required steps. The United 
States, furthermore, plans to implement the provisions of this law as 
rapidly as possible in order to extend its benefits to the countries 
determined to fulfill the criteria in the Law. The Andean countries also 
express their interest in having these preferences extended to 
Venezuela.
    The Countries recognize that the proposed North American Free Trade 
Agreement will be an important step in the process of creating a 
hemispheric free trade agreement in accordance with the Enterprise for 
the Americas Initiative. The Countries stress the importance of 
continued economic integration and trade liberalization efforts.

    c. Debt

    The Countries express their satisfaction with the progress achieved 
by some Andean countries and Mexico in renegotiating their debt with the 
private international banking system and intend, when appropriate, to 
continue to support reduction of this debt. The Countries point out that 
the economic reforms implemented by Bolivia have already made it 
possible for that country to benefit from the reduction of a large part 
of its bilateral debt with the United States under the auspices and in 
the spirit of the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative, which will 
make it possible to implement environmental projects in Bolivia. The 
Government of the United States will continue to take the necessary 
steps to obtain the legislative approval required for the debt 
categories that still do not have this authorization.

2. Alternative Development

    The Countries acknowledge that the goals of the Cartagena 
Declaration regarding the substitution of other agricultural products 
for coca and other plants that feed the drug cycle, and the creation of 
new sources of licit income, have not yet been fully achieved. The 
Countries note that in a major new initiative, the United States--in 
consultation with Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru--is engaged in a 
program to provide training and technical assistance in agricultural 
marketing that will stress participation by the private sector as well 
as assistance for animal and plant health. The Countries applaud this 
program and intend to facilitate its implementation to the maximum 
extent possible.
    Notwithstanding assistance already pledged by the United States and 
the United Nations, the Countries recognize the need to establish a 
broad basis of funding for alternative development. For this reason, and 
given the worldwide range of illicit narcotics, the Countries intend to 
strive for increased participation of countries such as Japan and others 
as well as international financial agencies and institutions such as the 
World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank the European Community, 
the OAS, the OECD and others. The Andean nations believe, and the United 
States takes note, that such actions should also include the 
establishment of a facility for alternative development in an 
international financial institution. The Countries are determined to 
enlist the support of the international community in their fight against 
drugs.
    The Countries support the work of the OAS/CICAD Group of Experts 
charged with reviewing the alternative development approach and 
recommending ways to enhance it.
    Under the alternative development pro-

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gram, the Countries recognize the importance of implementing short-term 
projects such as emergency food programs, food for work, and income and 
employment generation. The Countries recognize that these efforts must 
simultaneously accompany eradication efforts in order to reduce the 
economic impact on coca leaf producers. These short-term actions must be 
aimed at producing jobs and temporary income until such time as the 
alternative development projects are fully developed.
    The Countries underscore the need for alternative development 
programs to be strengthened in coca leaf producing countries, or in 
those countries with areas that have potential for producing plants from 
which elements utilizable in the production of narcotics and 
psychotropic drugs can be extracted, so as to reduce the supply of raw 
material that feeds the narco-trafficking cycle. These programs will 
help farmers have different economic alternatives, which will allow them 
to move away from illegal coca production.
    The Countries acknowledge the progress achieved in alternative 
development in Bolivia and the beginning of alternative development 
activities in Peru. In this context, the Countries note the bilateral 
agreements with the United States signed by Peru and by Bolivia to 
implement alternative economic development and drug control programs, as 
useful experiences applicable to other countries. These two most salient 
examples are summarized as follows:

Bolivia

    In Bolivia, with the firm support of the United States, efforts 
undertaken to develop other crops in coca producing zones, as well as in 
those areas from which people have been expelled, are having some 
success, starting with the production of genetic material with a proven 
biological viability, acceptable rate of return and a potential for 
export. Technical assistance and credit, as well as continued training 
of farmers, permits the achievement of a good level of technology 
transfer.
    Actions taken in the infrastructure area have made it possible to 
improve the means of transporting agricultural products to consumer 
markets and processing them.
    Aggressive marketing is slowly allowing the opening of internal 
markets to the first items of this production, in accordance with 
phytosanitary and quality control requirements. The support being given 
to the social dimension by providing infrastructure in the health and 
education sectors is making it possible to improve the quality of life 
of the rural population.
    A new five-year project, which will start in early June of 1992, 
will provide continuity and strengthen key activities, such as marketing 
and private investment.
    Multilateral cooperation through the United Nations Drug Control 
Program (UNDCP) has also assisted in the alternative development 
process, especially in basic sanitation, roads, energy and agroindustry.
    Nevertheless, based on the above-mentioned Bolivian experiences it 
is recommended that:
    1. Recognition be given to the fact that implementation of coca 
reduction policy has to be adapted to the pace of alternative 
development in order to reduce the gap between the loss of income and 
its replacement. It is evident that the success in alternative 
development will discourage farmers from growing coca.
    2. Recognition be given to the importance of full and active 
participation by the farmers in alternative development processes.
    3. Bilateral and multilateral cooperation in alternative development 
be considered with regard to its specificity. It should include 
comprehensive, multisectoral and long-term program guidance and should 
also be sufficiently flexible, broad and timely to be able to promote 
qualitative changes beyond the short term.

Peru

    In the case of Peru, progress can be summarized by the following 
points:
    --The participation of the United States Government and Japan in the 
support group for the reentry of Peru into the international financial 
community. This allows the IDB and other bilateral donors to provide 
funds.
    --The carrying out of massive food aid programs, promotion of a 
favorable eco-

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nomic policy framework for the development of the private sector and the 
liberalization of two-way trade.
    --The existence of projects, especially in the Upper Huallaga Valley 
where 14,000 farmers have received technical assistance in seed 
research, production, and marketing. The project provided credit and 
land titles and made it possible to resurface 1,200 kilometers of roads 
and to set up potable water systems, health posts and latrines.
    --The massive support received by President Fujimori from the rural 
population in coca producing areas.
    --Plans for 1992 that call for the resurfacing of the road linking 
the Upper Huallaga Valley to the coast, a program for recognizing and 
awarding property rights, and the participation of multinational firms 
interested in investing in alternative development projects.
    --All this has been achieved in spite of insidious narco-
trafficking, terrorism and the alliance between the two. Under the 
Agreement on Narcotics Control and Alternative Development signed on May 
14, 1991, which includes aspects relating to interdiction and security, 
an autonomous Peruvian institution will be responsible for distributing 
the necessary resources. This institution and its U.S. counterpart will 
hold meetings to implement the shared strategy, immediately after the 
Presidential Summit in San Antonio.
    --With respect to respect to human rights, the importance of 
conducting the anti-drug struggle within the framework of international 
standards is stressed.
    --With respect to the citizens' commitment to the anti-drug effort, 
emphasis is placed on the need for them to have access to information 
and for efficient legal and administrative systems to exist.
    --In order to have adequate farmer participation, consideration 
should be given, among other requirements, to:
    (a) Creating the democratic tools that make it possible to involve 
the people directly in the decision-making process;
    (b) Recognizing, awarding, and registering property rights;
    (c) Concluding crop substitution agreements with farmers;
    (d) Ensuring that eradication programs take into account the 
safeguarding of human health and preservation of the ecosystem;
    (e) Fostering new economic opportunities, such as alternative 
development and crop substitution programs, that will help to dissuade 
growers from initiating or expanding illegal cultivation;
    (f) Implementing reforestation programs in those areas where coca 
has been eradicated but where the land is not suitable for farming;
    (g) Substantially facilitating access to business activity and to 
credit;
    (h) Abolishing bureaucratic obstacles and mechanisms, particularly 
those that limit the production, marketing, and exportation of 
alternative goods;
    (i) Promoting the participation of all countries interested in 
providing technical solutions and conducting specific alternative 
development projects with the peasants and/or their organizations.

3. The Environment

    The Countries express their concern regarding the severe damage that 
coca cultivation and illegal processing of coca derivatives are causing 
to the environment of the Andean region. The slash-and-burn method 
employed by coca and opium poppy growers causes severe erosion of the 
soil, and indiscriminate disposal of the toxic chemicals used to produce 
coca derivatives is poisoning the rivers and the water table. These 
activities enrich a small group of traffickers and cause harm to 
thousands of people.
    The United States Government notes that it is helping the Andean 
governments address the serious environmental problems caused by illegal 
coca and opium production. The United States is providing technical 
assistance and training under comprehensive environmental management 
programs that are important components of alternative development 
projects. The United States is providing assistance for watershed 
management, farm-level and community forestry, reforestation and 
environmental restoration, education on environmental problems, and 
environmental monitoring programs. These efforts are designed to

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prevent damage to--and to restore--the soil, water, and forest 
resources, thereby improving the quality of life and expanding 
opportunities for those who abandon, or never initiate, coca production 
in favor of alternative crops. The Countries agree that such technical 
assistance and training services must be designed to strengthen the 
capacity of Andean governments to protect their countries' natural 
environment.
    The Countries agree to design and implement suitable programs to 
reduce the negative ecological impact of coca production and ensure that 
security, interdiction, and substitution activities take the protection 
of the ecosystem into account.

Strategies for Prevention and Demand Reduction

    The Countries recognize that consumption of, and illicit traffic in, 
drugs and psychotropic substances are a comprehensive problem, and that 
it can therefore be resolved only if control, interdiction, and supply 
reduction measures are accompanied by vigorous and effective action in 
demand reduction.
    It is also necessary for society, including its members who consume 
illegal drugs and those who are involved in illicit drug traffic or the 
cultivation of plants intended for conversion into illicit drugs, to be 
made aware of the harmful consequences of the production, traffic, and 
consumption of illicit drugs. It is imperative to provide warnings about 
the dangers of violence, crime, corruption, environmental damage, 
addiction, and the dissolution of society and the family resulting from 
the drug problem.
    The Countries are convinced that raising awareness regarding the 
harmful impact of drug-related offenses will motivate society to develop 
a culture that rejects drug use and to support vigorously efforts to 
combat supply and demand. In order to support this awareness campaign, 
the Countries agree to assume the responsibility, either individually or 
jointly, to conduct long-term programs to inform the public through the 
appropriate mass media and other information resources.
    The Countries also call on their respective private sectors to 
combine efforts to create a culture that rejects drugs.
    In this regard, the Countries are aware that demand can be 
controlled and reduced and that the basis can be laid for increasing 
awareness by means of continuous, systematic actions that include:

1. Prevention

    The Countries consider that prevention must be a priority aspect of 
national strategies to reduce the demand for drugs.
    In order to prevent consumption of drugs and dissuade occasional 
users, the Countries must include in their national and drug control 
strategies comprehensive prevention programs that include, among other 
things:

    a. Education

    The Countries recognize that education is fundamental in the 
upbringing of the individual and the creation of positive values and 
attitudes toward life, and that the educational system at all levels and 
in all its forms is a suitable tool to reach most of the people. 
Consequently, the Countries undertake to engage in additional 
educational efforts for comprehensive prevention of drug use from pre-
school through higher education, by means of scientific research, in 
order to create an attitude and a culture that rejects drugs and in 
which the family and the community play a fundamental role.

    b. Community Mobilization

    The Countries wish to emphasize the importance mobilizing all 
sectors of society against drugs as a fundamental part of national 
prevention efforts. This mobilization includes carrying out actions at 
the individual, family, and social levels by means of activities that 
include recreation, sports, and cultural events that make it possible to 
achieve a total rejection of drug consumption.

2. Treatment and Rehabilitation

    In order for drug addicts to receive suitable assistance, the 
Countries consider that it is necessary to increase their capacity with 
regard to treatment and rehabilitation, in addition to improving the 
quality of services. The Countries consider that these programs must be 
designed not only to reha-

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bilitate drug addicts but also to help them reenter society.
    The Countries believe that treatment and rehabilitation are basic in 
reducing the consequences arising from drug use, including AIDS 
transmission, societal violence, and the destruction of the family and 
social structure.

3. Scientific Research

    The Countries recognize that it is necessary to establish programs 
for basic and social research, including epidemiology, in their national 
strategies. Epidemiological programs must be conducted using a 
methodology that makes it possible to compare findings at the regional 
and international levels. These findings will also be useful in 
evaluating prevention programs. The Countries undertake to exchange 
information on drug abuse through a regional information network and to 
support initiatives to establish a data bank on this subject, especially 
within the framework of CICAD.

4. Training

    The Countries undertake to cooperate by providing appropriate 
technical assistance for the education and training of human resources 
in these areas.
    The Countries will also endeavor to consult with one another and 
exchange information on the prevention of illicit drug use, treatment, 
rehabilitation, and scientific research. In this regard, they agree to 
cooperate in order to determine the most effective ways to utilize the 
research findings in implementing the various programs.

5. National Councils

    The Countries are convinced that the creation of national councils 
to coordinate efforts to develop strategies against illicit drugs has 
made an important contribution to the development of prevention, 
treatment, and rehabilitation programs in all the countries.

6. Follow-Up

    The Countries undertake to engage in ongoing follow-up of the 
actions described above. To that end, they will assign responsibility to 
their national councils in line with OAS/CICAD programs.

                    Note: The declaration was made available by the 
                        Office of the Press Secretary but was not issued 
                        as a White House press release.