[Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George H. W. Bush (1992, Book I)]
[January 6, 1992]
[Pages 33-37]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]



The President's News Conference With President Roh Tae Woo of South 
Korea in Seoul

January 6, 1992
    President Roh. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. I am especially 
delighted to meet again with the journalists traveling with President 
Bush. Today I have had very useful talks with President Bush for more 
than one hour and a half. We have exchanged wide-ranging views about the 
ongoing changes in the world and the shifting situation in the Asia-
Pacific region.
    President Bush and I have earnestly discussed the roles of our two 
countries in promoting durable peace and security on the Korean 
Peninsula, as well as ways to advance our bilateral cooperation. We have 
also exchanged frank and candid views on how to strengthen the free 
international trade system and how to expand economic and trade ties 
between our two countries.
    At the outset I expressed my deep appreciation for the outstanding 
leadership of President Bush in dismantling the cold war structure and 
in freeing all mankind from nuclear terror. I emphasized that the roles 
of our two countries in promoting lasting peace and prosperity in the 
Asia-Pacific region and the bilateral cooperation are growing even more 
important.
    In the quest for those common goals, all nations in this region, 
including Korea, ought to fulfill their responsibilities commensurate 
with their capabilities. President Bush made clear that as a Pacific 
power the U.S. will continue to play a constructive role in promoting 
peace and common prosperity in this region.
    I explained to him the initiatives and endeavors that we have put 
forth to ease tension and secure peace on the Korean Peninsula and the 
consequent progress in relations between South and North Korea. 
President Bush reaffirmed the principle that the problems of the Korean 
Peninsula should be settled directly by the South and North themselves 
and fully supported the accords that have recently been reached between 
the two areas of Korea.
    President Bush and I jointly reaffirmed the unshakable position that 
North Korea must sign and ratify a nuclear safeguard agreement and that 
the recently initiated joint declaration for a nonnuclear peninsula must 
be put into force at the earliest possible date.
    We discussed ways for the U.S. to regular expand contacts with North 
Korea in close consultation between our two countries, in tune with 
progress on the North Korean nuclear issue and in inter-Korean 
relations.
    President Bush once again stressed that the U.S. security commitment 
to Korea remains unchanged and will continue to be honored. We agreed 
that our two nations

[[Page 34]]

should further strengthen bilateral ties in the diplomatic, security, 
economic, scientific, technological, and all other fields and further 
develop enduring partnership so that both will be able to prosper 
together in the Pacific era anticipated in the 21st century. Once again 
affirming that common prosperity must be sought through free trade, we 
pledged our two nations to closely cooperate to that end.
    I emphasized that my government is taking positive approaches to all 
areas for helping to bring the Uruguay round of trade negotiations to a 
successful conclusion. As for negotiations in the agricultural sector, I 
explained that because of our peculiar situation it will be exceedingly 
difficult to fully open our market in the immediate future and asked for 
America's understanding and cooperation in resolving the issue.
    I also stressed that our trade balance with the U.S. dipped into the 
red last year and explained our current economic realities, emphasizing 
that a healthier development of the Korean economy will be beneficial to 
America also.
    President Bush and I agreed to have the Governments of both 
countries mutually support and promote Korean business activities in the 
U.S. and U.S. business activities in Korea. To that end, we agreed to 
initiate Korea-U.S. subcabinet economic consultations to develop ways to 
promote economic partnership between our two countries.
    We also agreed on the need to further expand bilateral cooperation 
in the fields of science and technology, and thus a new science and 
technology agreement and a patent secrecy agreement were signed between 
our two countries this morning.
    Ladies and gentlemen, let me ask you now to give President Bush, our 
guest of honor, an opportunity to speak.
    President Bush. First, Mr. President, may I thank you for your 
hospitality. And of course, Barbara and I are very pleased to be in 
Korea again at this historic time.
    We have had good, productive discussions with the President, with 
members of his Cabinet on security, economic, and political issues. And 
I reaffirmed the commitment of the United States to the security of 
Korea. And let there be no misunderstanding: The United States will 
remain in Korea as long as there is a need and that we are welcome.
    I told President Roh that he deserves tremendous credit for the 
progress that has been made toward reunification on the peninsula. His 
November 8th announcement set the standard for a nonnuclear peninsula 
which I fully endorse. While rapid progress is being made between the 
North and the South, I expressed my concern that the North fully 
implement its IAEA obligations under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation 
Treaty. And moreover, the North and South should implement the historic 
bilateral inspection arrangements under the joint nonnuclear declaration 
of December 31st, 1991. If North Korea fulfills its obligation and takes 
steps to implement the inspection agreements, then President Roh and I 
are prepared to forgo the Team Spirit exercise for this year.
    On economic and trade issues, I stressed the need for Korean support 
to bring the Uruguay round to a successful conclusion, a subject he just 
addressed himself to. I congratulated the President on Korea's superb 
job of hosting the last APEC ministerial meeting, and we agreed to 
support and strengthen APEC which I believe is one of the keys to 
continued regional growth.
    Bilaterally, I am pleased to announce that we have agreed to an 
economic action plan which will establish a framework to resolve 
bilateral trade and economic issues between us.
    And on one final note, I think that the science and technology 
agreement that we signed today is a serious framework for concrete 
cooperation.
    So, thank you again, Mr. President. I'm delighted to be here.

South and North Korean Negotiations

    Q. South and North Korea have recently agreed on a South-North basic 
accord and the nuclear-free Korean Peninsula. But North Korea's 
sincerity in carrying out this accord is questioned. Therefore, with 
regard to the building of a structure for peace on the Korean Peninsula, 
what discussions have been taken at the summit meeting?
    President Roh. There are a lot of worries

[[Page 35]]

about North Korea's compliance with the nuclear inspection. And when 
South and North Korea agreed on the declaration of nuclear-free Korean 
Peninsula, the precondition was that North Korea will sign the nuclear 
safeguards treaty with the IAEA and submit its facilities to 
international inspection. And that has been promised by the North Korean 
side. And in my view, they will faithfully follow through with their 
commitment.
    Now, if and when North Korea balks at these commitments, then I 
believe North Korea clearly understands what international sanctions are 
awaiting for their faults. And in light of North Korea's current 
situation and realities, I do not believe North Korea could forfeit 
their promises regarding these commitments.
    And the United States and the Republic of Korea will continue our 
cooperation and our efforts to eliminate North Korea's nuclear weapons 
development, as well as to have North Korea abandon their nuclear 
reprocessing plants as well as the enrichment facilities to the extent 
they exist. And we will expect support and cooperation of the 
international society. And along with this support, I am quite certain 
that our efforts will succeed.
    As far as South-North Korean summit talks, we did not go into any 
specifics, but President Bush has expressed his support of these talks 
to the extent that these talks will be conducive for the reduction of 
tension on the Korean Peninsula and for the long-term unification of the 
Korean people.

Japan and the U.N. Security Council

    Q. Mr. President, the U.S. has called for Japan to take a broader 
role on the world stage, to go beyond checkbook diplomacy. In line with 
that expectation, is the U.S. prepared to accept Japan's request for a 
seat on the permanent U.N. Security Council? And if not, why not?
    President Bush. Japan is a very important country. They are an 
economic power to be respected and to be reckoned with. But your 
question relates to changing the Charter of the United Nations Security 
Council, something that is extraordinarily difficult to do. And in 
addition to Japan, there are other claimants to seats on what clearly 
would have to be an expanded Security Council. So, we are in the 
position of hearing from, as the world has changed, from various 
friends, Japan being one of them, others in Europe being among them, as 
to their aspirations to be on the Security Council.
    But before there could be any change in the Charter, there would 
have to be extensive consultation. It simply is not going to just 
happen. And so, we haven't tried to stand in the way of it, nor have we 
advocated Japan over other seriously interested people.
    I think President Nixon back in '72 indicated a willingness to 
support Japan if the Charter ever came open for change. But my 
experience at the U.N. tells me changing the Charter is extraordinarily 
difficult. But we'll be open-minded, and we will be prepared to consult.

Visit to Japan

    Q. Mr. President, tomorrow you head for Japan, which has been 
characterized sort of as the Super Bowl of this Asian trip of yours. 
Politically, sir, what is the bottom line for you? What do you have to 
achieve in Japan and take home to the United States to make that a 
successful trip?
    President Bush. I don't know, but the political opponents are 
already kind of raising the bar on the high jump. And we will be 
discussing in Japan economic issues, not exclusively economic. We're 
going to be talking about the very important security considerations 
that Japan has. Indeed, we've talked about them here in Korea. And so, I 
have no set list that must be achieved to declare this visit a success. 
I've heard very positive statements coming from a very respected leader, 
Mr. Miyazawa. And that is all very encouraging. Indeed, they've already 
taken some steps on the economic front, the monetary front, that I think 
are important in terms of lowering interest rates.
    So, I just can't help you in what makes a success or what makes a 
failure. I can guarantee you political opponents, no matter what is 
achieved, will be saying, ``Hey, you didn't jump quite high enough. You 
need to get over the bar. We've just raised it an-

[[Page 36]]

other foot.'' But that's politics. That's what's to be expected.
    What is important is that we handle this relationship with a broad 
global sense; that we make progress on the economic front, the bilateral 
trade front; and that we make clear to the Japanese leaders that we are 
interested in their views on security and on a wide array of other 
topics.
    So, I can't define for you exactly what makes a success or what 
doesn't. I am encouraged by the forthcoming statements, as I say, on the 
monetary policy as well as some that have been forthcoming in terms of 
the trade formula. But I just can't give it to you, Ellen [Ellen Warren, 
Knight-Ridder].

North Korea

    Q. The question was to President Roh, that North Korea has indicated 
that they will sign the nuclear safeguards treaty and submit to 
inspections. But the question was, will the United States and North 
Korean relations be upgraded later in the year once North Korea carries 
out these promises? And to President Bush, what would be the conditions 
on the part of the United States to upgrade U.S. relations with North 
Korea?
    And again, back to President Bush, the United States is reportedly 
putting pressure on the Republic of Korea to open the markets, Korean 
markets, to U.S. products. But one thing we can point out is, we are 
recording already a $.7 billion trade deficit vis-a-vis United States. 
And at what point would these pressures be let off?
    President Roh. The question was about North Korea's signing of the 
safeguards treaty and the inspections and whether U.S.-North Korean 
relations will improve upon these events. I have consistently maintained 
the position since my July 7th declaration of inter-Korean exchanges 
that North Korea should stop being the threat to international society, 
not only in this area but across the world. And they should come out to 
the open world and cooperate with the nations around the world.
    And since North Korea has indicated that they will renounce the 
development of nuclear weapons, if North Korea's nuclear development 
ceases to be a threat to us and to the area and if South and North 
Korean relations improve, we would not only not oppose U.S.-North Korean 
contacts upgraded, we would rather encourage the upgrading of contacts 
between North Korea and the United States.
    And President Bush fully agreed with my recommendations and views, 
and he also indicated that as far as North Korea is concerned, the U.S. 
position is that United States will pursue in full consultation with the 
Republic of Korea, and Korea will never be passed up in the U.S. efforts 
to maintain contacts with North Korea. And we have confirmed our 
positions.
    President Bush. May I say with admiration that this reporter has 
perfected the art of the follow-on question, getting one to you and two 
to me. It's a magnificent performance.
    Let me try to remember mine. One of them was what conditions to 
upgrade. And I would just follow on to what President Roh Tae Woo said: 
Nuclear question; peaceful intentions; I would add some respect, in 
their case because of the miserable record, for individual rights, human 
rights, before there would be an upgrading with the United States. But 
let me just reassure the people here. We are not going to get out in 
front of the Korean Government here, and we are not going to permit 
North Korea to make an end run to start in talking to us about upgrading 
before these fundamental problems that President Roh has talked about 
have been solved.

Free and Fair Trade

    Mr. President, I have to finish the other; he had another one. Very 
well done. And the question, as I recall it, was when do you let up on 
the pressure about getting into the other guy's market because we have a 
central trade balance.
    And the answer to that is, it's not a question of balance or 
imbalance. It's a question of fair trade. And we will continue to work 
with Korea where we think that trade is less than fair. Their 
businessmen pointed out to me some things this morning that they think 
we can do better in this.
    But it's not a question of a trade figure. It's a question of access 
to markets. It's a question of fair treatment. And this thing

[[Page 37]]

we signed today is very good, copyright and patents; that's all very 
good.
    So, just because there's a balance, that doesn't mean that either 
side should refrain from trying to get full and fair access to the other 
guy's market.
    Thank you very much.
    Q. ----to open the markets of Korea anytime soon. Are you satisfied 
with that, and how does that square with your promise to the American 
people you're going to open markets for jobs, jobs, jobs?
    President Bush. Open markets where?
    Q. For jobs, jobs, jobs.
    President Bush. Yes. Are you talking about North Korea?
    Q. No, I'm talking about what the President said. He said it's not 
anytime in the near future. Because of their austerity program here, you 
won't be able to open the markets.
    President Bush. I don't think he said that. I don't think that's 
what he said. That's not what we've been talking about.
    Q. Well, I think that's what the translation was.
    Q. Have you even discussed rice, for example?
    President Bush. We talked about that and the global--yes, 
absolutely, but in the global sense of let's get a satisfactory 
conclusion to the Uruguay round. I should have added that to that last 
guy's question, as a matter of fact. That is the key to a lot of what 
that last Korean questioner was asking about.

North Korea

    Q. Mr. President, we understand North Korea----
    President Bush. Hey, listen, it just ended here, the press 
conference. You weren't listening when the thing ended. You're still 
jet-lagged out.
    Q. We understand North Korea said no to a dialog with the United 
States, that they've said no to the United States about----
    President Bush. That's fine. Our policy is not going to shift. We're 
not going to start having dialog with North Korea. We're dealing as we 
have in the past, and progress is being made. We salute the President 
for that progress. And we're not about to take some end run around our 
staunch ally in order to accommodate Kim Il-song. And if he doesn't want 
it, so much the better. That just suits the heck out of us.

                    Note: The President's 117th news conference began at 
                        12:01 p.m. at the Blue House. President Roh 
                        spoke in Korean, and his remarks were translated 
                        by an interpreter. In the news conference, the 
                        following were referred to: President Kim Il-
                        song of North Korea; the Agreement on 
                        Reconciliation, Non-Aggression, and Exchanges in 
                        Cooperation Between the South and the North, 
                        signed December 13, 1991; and the Joint 
                        Declaration for a Non-Nuclear Korean Peninsula, 
                        initialed December 31, 1991. A portion of this 
                        news conference could not be verified because 
                        the tape was incomplete.