[Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George H. W. Bush (1991, Book I)]
[January 13, 1991]
[Pages 38-40]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office www.gpo.gov]



Remarks on Soviet Military Intervention in Lithuania and a Question-and-
Answer Session With Reporters
January 13, 1991

    The President. Well, I've been following the situation in Lithuania
and the other Baltic States closely. The turn of events there is deeply 
disturbing. There is no justification for the use of force against 
peaceful and democratically-elected governments. And the brave people 
and the leaders of the Baltic States have, indeed, acted with dignity 
and restraint. The thoughts and prayers of the people of the United 
States are with them, and particularly with the Lithuanian people who 
have experienced a great tragedy.
    For several years now, the Soviet Union has been on a course of 
democratic and peaceful change. And we've supported that effort and 
stated repeatedly how much we admire the Soviet leaders who chose that 
path. Indeed, change in the Soviet Union has helped to create a basis 
for unprecedented cooperation and partnership between the United States 
and the Soviet Union.
    The events that we're witnessing now are completely inconsistent 
with that course. The progress of reform in the U.S.S.R. has been an 
essential element in the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Events 
like those now taking place in the Baltic States threaten to set back or 
perhaps even reverse the process of reform which is so important in the 
world and the development of the new international order.
    We condemn these acts, which could not help but affect our 
relationship. At this hour, the United States and the West will redouble 
our efforts to strengthen and encourage peaceful change in the Soviet 
Union. Legitimacy is not built by force; it's earned by the consensus of 
the people, by openness, and by the protection of basic human and 
political rights. So, I ask the Soviet leaders to refrain from further 
acts that might lead to more violence and loss of life. I urge the 
Soviet Government to return to a peaceful course of negotiations and 
dialog with the legitimate governments of the Baltic States.
    And I did have an opportunity when I talked to President Gorbachev 
not so many hours ago to encourage the peaceful change there and not the 
use of force.

Soviet Military Intervention in Lithuania

    Q. Mr. President, was Gorbachev directly behind this military 
crackdown? Is there any reason to believe the military acted without 
complete Presidential decree on this?
    The President. I cannot answer that question. I just don't know the 
facts of----
    Q. Is there any official explanation for what happened in Lithuania?
    The President. Not an official explanation, but we have a good deal 
of information on it.
    Q. And what about the fallout here? Is the summit off at this point?
    The President. Well, I've just expressed this statement here, and I 
just expressed my sentiments in this statement I made, so I can't go 
beyond that.
    Q. Any consideration of export credit guarantees or any other----
    The President. I'm just not going to go further than what I've said 
here. I've just laid it out, and people can interpret it any way they 
want.

[[Page 39]]

    Q. Mr. President, if the crackdown continues----
    Q. How does it complicate the Persian Gulf situation?
    Q. Mr. President, if the crackdown continues in the Baltics, will 
you go to Moscow on February 11th?
    The President. Well, I would simply--that's too hypothetical. What 
I'm saying is I hope the crackdown will not continue.
    Q. Mr. President, did you get any reassurances from leader Gorbachev 
about whether he will continue or halt the act, consider reassurances 
about what he will do next?
    The President. Well, I heard a statement I was just asking our 
Soviet experts about in here, where he was talking about curtailing the 
use of force. I hope that's true, but I did not get direct affirmation 
from them.

Persian Gulf Crisis

    Q. Mr. President, what do you hear, sir, about the results of the de 
Cuellar mission?
    The President. We have not had a direct report from Perez de 
Cuellar, and there is a report--is all I saw, as to what he said at the 
airport. But I have not had contact with him. He told me he would call 
me, so I expect to hear from him when he returns.
    Q. What effect, sir, do you think the Soviet actions----
    The President. I can't hear. John [John Cochran, NBC News], what----
    Q. ----Mr. Gorbachev may now--[inaudible]--to Baghdad----
    The President. Well, I don't know.
    Q. Is that something Gorbachev had mentioned----
    The President. I don't know what he'd do, and I know there was some 
thinking of that, but people are very concerned, obviously--time drawing 
close. And I just don't know how to answer that. I just don't know what 
he plans to----
    Q. ----has read a statement that they will keep Kuwait, will not 
withdraw.
    The President. It doesn't surprise me, but they're making a 
tremendous mistake.
    Q. Mr. President, do you think that the Soviet Union is striking out 
on Lithuania at this moment because they think our attention and the 
attention of the world has been diverted by the Persian Gulf crisis?
    The President. No.
    Q. Are you concerned that by speaking out now that you may 
jeopardize your support from Mr. Gorbachev in the Persian Gulf crisis?
    The President. No, I believe the Soviet support for the United 
Nations approach is solid and firm. And President Gorbachev told me that 
not so long ago--just when I had the last conversation.
    Q. Are you talking about the Friday phone call? Just to clarify----
    The President. Yes, yes.
    Q. Mr. President, what is your message to the seemingly millions of 
Americans who have been contacting Congress and apparently contacting 
you, pleading with you not to go to war in the Gulf?
    The President. Well, I think that matter was resolved when the 
Congress acted yesterday, and I'd tell them the same thing I've told the 
American people over and over again.
    Q. But to the American people--what is your response to the 
Americans who are asking you now not to go to war?
    The President. Well, I say we've got to do what we have to do. And 
the Congress has affirmed that position. And I think that is--you know, 
one of the arguments that some made is, well, please get Congress 
engaged; why are you not willing to go to Congress? We went to Congress; 
Congress, both Houses of the Congress, affirmed the policies of this 
government.

Soviet Military Intervention in Lithuania

    Q. Mr. President, you remonstrated with Gorbachev last week not to 
use force in the Baltics, and just yesterday Gorbachev said he was 
sending emissaries from his Federation Council to mediate. A few hours 
later the tanks were rolling. Are you afraid that he has lost control in 
the Soviet Union?
    The President. Well, I am concerned about the internal affairs 
there--and he, himself, is very much concerned about that. But let's 
hope that there will be a peaceful--a return to peace, no more use of 
force, and that they can peacefully negotiate their differences. That's 
what I hope for. I think that's what President Gorbachev--I know that's 
what he told me he wanted before, and I hope that still holds, and I

[[Page 40]]

hope that will obtain. But I am very much concerned about the loss of 
life there.
    Kathy [Kathy Lewis, Houston Chronicle], and then I've got to go 
inside.
    Q. Mr. President, do you plan on trying to contact him directly?
    The President. I always have that option. Our phone lines are open, 
and I have no immediate plans of that, but I wouldn't rule that out.
    Thank you all very much.
    Q. What about Perez de Cuellar, sir?
    Q. How long do you give the Soviet Union before----
    The President. I'm not setting time lines.
    Q. What's topic A tonight at the NSC [National Security Council] 
meeting--the Gulf or the Lithuanian crisis?
    The President. More of the same.

                    Note: The President spoke at 4:05 p.m. on the South 
                        Lawn at the White House, upon his return from 
                        Camp David, MD. In his remarks, he referred to 
                        President Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet Union 
                        and Javier Perez de Cuellar de la Guerra, 
                        Secretary-General of the United Nations.