[119th Congress Public Law 76]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[[Page 739]]
BANKRUPTCY ADMINISTRATION IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 2025
[[Page 140 STAT. 740]]
Public Law 119-76
119th Congress
An Act
To amend titles 11 and 28, United States Code, to modify the
compensation payable to trustees serving in cases under chapter 7 of
title 11, United States Code, to extend the term of certain temporary
offices of bankruptcy judges, and for other purposes. <<NOTE: Feb. 6,
2026 - [S. 3424]>>
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled, <<NOTE: Bankruptcy
Administration Improvement Act of 2025.>>
SECTION 1. <<NOTE: 28 USC 1 note.>> SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Bankruptcy Administration Improvement
Act of 2025''.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
Congress finds the following:
(1) Congress has amended the laws governing bankruptcy fees
as necessary to ensure that the bankruptcy system remains self-
supporting, while also fairly allocating the costs of the system
among those who use the system.
(2) Because of the importance for the bankruptcy system to
be self-funded, at no cost to taxpayers, Congress has closely
monitored the funding needs of the bankruptcy system, including
by requiring periodic reporting by the Attorney General
regarding the United States Trustee System Fund.
(3) Because the system governing bankruptcies of various
types is interconnected, Congress has established fees,
including filing fees, quarterly fees in chapter 11 cases, and
other fees, that together fund the courts, judges, United States
trustees, and trustees serving in bankruptcy cases under chapter
7 of title 11, United States Code.
(4) Trustees serving in bankruptcy cases under chapter 7 of
title 11, United States Code, are vital to the functioning of
the bankruptcy system, as they provide services at the front
lines of the bankruptcy process, administering thousands of
cases.
(5) Chapter 7 bankruptcy trustees provide valuable returns
of assets to government creditors, including the Internal
Revenue Service, the Department of Agriculture, the Small
Business Administration, and other Federal, State, and municipal
governments.
(6) Due to the work of the chapter 7 bankruptcy trustees,
millions of dollars are also disbursed annually to private
creditors of all types, including medical providers, unsecured
creditors, small businesses, and micro-enterprises such as
domestic support providers.
[[Page 140 STAT. 741]]
(7) Despite the essential role of chapter 7 bankruptcy
trustees, since 1994 the amount of compensation paid to these
trustees has not been increased. As in 1994, bankruptcy trustees
receive only $60 per case (composed of $45 from subsection
330(b)(1), and $15 from subsection 330(b)(2), of title 11,
United States Code) in nearly 90 percent of chapter 7 cases, and
bankruptcy trustees receive no compensation at all for cases in
which the filing fee is waived by the bankruptcy court.
(8) Since 1994, there have been significant increases in
salaries, attorney fees, budget appropriations, filing fees, and
court-related fees associated with chapter 7 bankruptcies. In
contrast, the $60 paid to chapter 7 trustees has remained the
same and has not even been increased for inflation. In 2021,
Congress attempted to implement a mechanism that would give
chapter 7 trustees a raise, but the trustees only received
increased compensation for 1 fiscal year. Based on Consumer
Price Index estimates, the $60 paid to trustees in 1994 would be
the equivalent of over $125 today.
(9) This Act and the amendments made by this Act--
(A) increase the compensation of chapter 7
bankruptcy trustees to the level that is appropriate,
overdue, and proportionate with the level that was
intended in 1994, by increasing the total compensation
of trustees to $120 per case;
(B) ensure adequate funding of the United States
trustee system through the increase of certain fees,
which will also apply to districts that are not part of
a United States trustee region as required by existing
law; and
(C) support the preservation of existing bankruptcy
judgeships that are urgently needed to handle existing
and anticipated increases in business and consumer
caseloads.
(10) This Act will not alter the filing fee under chapter 7
of title 11, United States Code, and will not modify, impair, or
supersede the current authority of the district courts of the
United States, or of bankruptcy courts, to waive the payment of
filing fees by indigent individuals.
SEC. 3. TRUSTEE COMPENSATION.
(a) Compensation of Officers.--Section 330 of title 11, United
States Code, is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)(1) by striking ``$45'' and inserting
``$105''; and
(2) by striking subsection (e).
(b) <<NOTE: 28 USC 1930 note.>> Remainder of Fees.--Notwithstanding
any other provision of law, the remainder of fees collected under
section 1930(a)(1)(A) of title 28, United States Code, after
compensating trustees under section 330(b)(1) of title 11, United States
Code, shall be deposited as follows:
(1) $63.51 in the special fund of the Treasury established
under section 1931 of title 28, United States Code.
(2) $25.00 in the special fund established in accordance
with section 10101(b) of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (28
U.S.C. 1931 note).
(3) $51.49 in the United States Trustee System Fund
established under section 589a of title 28, United States Code.
[[Page 140 STAT. 742]]
(c) United States Trustee System Fund.--Section 589a of title 28,
United States Code, is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)(1)(A), by striking ``40.46 percent of
the fees collected'' and inserting ``$51.49 of the fees
collected in each case''; and
(2) in subsection (f)(1)--
(A) in subparagraph (D) by striking ``Fourth'' and
inserting ``Second'';
(B) by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C); and
(C) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as
subparagraph (B).
SEC. 4. BANKRUPTCY FEES.
(a) Quarterly Fees.--Section 1930(a)(6)(B) of title 28, United
States Code, is amended--
(1) in clause (i), by striking ``5-year'' and inserting
``10-year''; and
(2) in clause (ii)--
(A) in subclause (I)--
(i) by inserting ``the greater of'' before
``0.4''; and
(ii) by striking ``and'' at the end and
inserting ``or''; and
(B) in subclause (II), by striking ``0.8'' and
inserting ``0.9''.
(b) Period for Deposits.--Section 589a(f) of title 28, United States
Code, as amended by section 3(c)(2), is amended by striking ``2026''
each place it appears and inserting ``2031''.
(c) <<NOTE: 28 USC 589a note.>> Deposits of Certain Fees for Fiscal
Years 2026 Through 2031.--Notwithstanding section 589a(b) of title 28,
United States Code, for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2031--
(1) the fees collected under section 1930(a)(6) of title 28,
United States Code, less the amount specified in subparagraph
(2) of this subsection, shall be deposited as specified in
section 589a(f) of title 28, United States Code, as amended by
this Act; and
(2) $5,400,000 of the fees collected under section
1930(a)(6) of title 28, United States Code, shall be deposited
in the general fund of the Treasury.
SEC. 5. EXTENSION OF TERM OF CERTAIN TEMPORARY OFFICES OF
BANKRUPTCY JUDGE.
(a) Bankruptcy Administration Improvement Act of 2020.--Section 4 of
the Bankruptcy Administration Improvement Act of 2020 (28 U.S.C. 152
note) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking ``5 years''
and inserting ``10 years''; and
(B) in subparagraph (B)(i), by striking ``5 years''
and inserting ``10 years'';
(2) in subsection (b)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking ``5 years''
and inserting ``10 years'';
(B) in subparagraph (B)(i), by striking ``5 years''
and inserting ``10 years'';
(C) in subparagraph (C)(i), by striking ``5 years''
and inserting ``10 years'';
(D) in subparagraph (D)(i), by striking ``5 years''
and inserting ``10 years'';
[[Page 140 STAT. 743]]
(E) in subparagraph (E)(i), by striking ``5 years''
and inserting ``10 years''; and
(F) in subparagraph (F)(i), by striking ``5 years''
and inserting ``10 years'';
(3) in subsection (c)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking ``5 years''
and inserting ``10 years''; and
(B) in subparagraph (B)(i), by striking ``5 years''
and inserting ``10 years'';
(4) in subsection (d)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking ``5 years''
and inserting ``10 years''; and
(B) in subparagraph (B)(i), by striking ``5 years''
and inserting ``10 years'';
(5) in subsection (e)(2)(A), by striking ``5 years'' and
inserting ``10 years''; and
(6) in subsection (f)(2)(A), by striking ``5 years'' and
inserting ``10 years''.
(b) Bankruptcy Judgeship Act of 2017.--Section 1003(b)(2)(A) of the
Bankruptcy Judgeship Act of 2017 (28 U.S.C. 152 note) is amended by
striking ``5 years'' and inserting ``10 years''.
SEC. 6. <<NOTE: 11 USC 330 note.>> EFFECTIVE DATE; APPLICATION OF
AMENDMENTS.
(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), the
amendments made by this Act shall take effect on the first day of the
calendar quarter that first occurs on or after the date of enactment of
this Act.
(b) Exceptions.--
(1) Compensation of officers.--Section 3 and the amendments
made by section 3 shall apply to any case under title 11, United
States Code, commenced on or after October 1 that first occurs
after the date of enactment of this Act--
(A) under chapter 7 of title 11, United States Code;
or
(B) under chapter 11, 12, or 13 of title 11, United
States Code, that is converted to a case under chapter 7
of title 11, United States Code.
(2) Bankruptcy fees.--Section 4 and the amendments made by
section 4 shall apply to--
(A) any case commenced or pending under chapter 11
of title 11, United States Code, on the first day of the
calendar quarter that first occurs on or after the date
of enactment of this Act; and
(B) quarterly fees payable under section 1930(a)(6)
of title 28, United States Code, as amended by section
4,
[[Page 140 STAT. 744]]
for disbursements made in any calendar quarter that
begins on or after the date of enactment of this Act.
Approved February 6, 2025.
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY--S. 3424:
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:
Vol. 171 (2025):
Dec. 10, considered and passed
Senate.
Vol. 172 (2026):
Jan. 12, considered and passed
House.
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