[109th Congress Public Law 374]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office]


[DOCID: f:publ374.109]

[[Page 2651]]

                     ANIMAL ENTERPRISE TERRORISM ACT

[[Page 120 STAT. 2652]]

Public Law 109-374
109th Congress

                                 An Act


 
    To provide the Department of Justice the necessary authority to 
    apprehend, prosecute, and convict individuals committing animal 
        enterprise terror. <<NOTE: Nov. 27, 2006 -  [S. 3880]>> 

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled, <<NOTE: Animal 
Enterprise Terrorism Act.>> 

SECTION 1. <<NOTE: 18 USC 1 note.>> SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act''.

SEC. 2. INCLUSION OF ECONOMIC DAMAGE TO ANIMAL ENTERPRISES AND THREATS 
            OF DEATH AND SERIOUS BODILY INJURY TO ASSOCIATED PERSONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 43 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended to read as follows:

``Sec. 43. Force, violence, and threats involving animal enterprises

    ``(a) Offense.--Whoever travels in interstate or foreign commerce, 
or uses or causes to be used the mail or any facility of interstate or 
foreign commerce--
            ``(1) for the purpose of damaging or interfering with the 
        operations of an animal enterprise; and
            ``(2) in connection with such purpose--
                    ``(A) intentionally damages or causes the loss of 
                any real or personal property (including animals or 
                records) used by an animal enterprise, or any real or 
                personal property of a person or entity having a 
                connection to, relationship with, or transactions with 
                an animal enterprise;
                    ``(B) intentionally places a person in reasonable 
                fear of the death of, or serious bodily injury to that 
                person, a member of the immediate family (as defined in 
                section 115) of that person, or a spouse or intimate 
                partner of that person by a course of conduct involving 
                threats, acts of vandalism, property damage, criminal 
                trespass, harassment, or intimidation; or
                    ``(C) conspires or attempts to do so;
        shall be punished as provided for in subsection (b).

    ``(b) Penalties.--The punishment for a violation of section (a) or 
an attempt or conspiracy to violate subsection (a) shall be--
            ``(1) a fine under this title or imprisonment not more than 
        1 year, or both, if the offense does not instill in another the 
        reasonable fear of serious bodily injury or death and--

[[Page 120 STAT. 2653]]

                    ``(A) the offense results in no economic damage or 
                bodily injury; or
                    ``(B) the offense results in economic damage that 
                does not exceed $10,000;
            ``(2) a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more 
        than 5 years, or both, if no bodily injury occurs and--
                    ``(A) the offense results in economic damage 
                exceeding $10,000 but not exceeding $100,000; or
                    ``(B) the offense instills in another the reasonable 
                fear of serious bodily injury or death;
            ``(3) a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more 
        than 10 years, or both, if--
                    ``(A) the offense results in economic damage 
                exceeding $100,000; or
                    ``(B) the offense results in substantial bodily 
                injury to another individual;
            ``(4) a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more 
        than 20 years, or both, if--
                    ``(A) the offense results in serious bodily injury 
                to another individual; or
                    ``(B) the offense results in economic damage 
                exceeding $1,000,000; and
            ``(5) imprisonment for life or for any terms of years, a 
        fine under this title, or both, if the offense results in death 
        of another individual.

    ``(c) Restitution.--An order of restitution under section 3663 or 
3663A of this title with respect to a violation of this section may also 
include restitution--
            ``(1) for the reasonable cost of repeating any 
        experimentation that was interrupted or invalidated as a result 
        of the offense;
            ``(2) for the loss of food production or farm income 
        reasonably attributable to the offense; and
            ``(3) for any other economic damage, including any losses or 
        costs caused by economic disruption, resulting from the offense.

    ``(d) Definitions.--As used in this section--
            ``(1) the term `animal enterprise' means--
                    ``(A) a commercial or academic enterprise that uses 
                or sells animals or animal products for profit, food or 
                fiber production, agriculture, education, research, or 
                testing;
                    ``(B) a zoo, aquarium, animal shelter, pet store, 
                breeder, furrier, circus, or rodeo, or other lawful 
                competitive animal event; or
                    ``(C) any fair or similar event intended to advance 
                agricultural arts and sciences;
            ``(2) the term `course of conduct' means a pattern of 
        conduct composed of 2 or more acts, evidencing a continuity of 
        purpose;
            ``(3) the term `economic damage'--
                    ``(A) means the replacement costs of lost or damaged 
                property or records, the costs of repeating an 
                interrupted or invalidated experiment, the loss of 
                profits, or increased costs, including losses and 
                increased costs resulting from threats, acts or 
                vandalism, property damage, trespass, harassment, or 
                intimidation taken against a person or entity on account 
                of that person's or entity's connection

[[Page 120 STAT. 2654]]

                to, relationship with, or transactions with the animal 
                enterprise; but
                    ``(B) does not include any lawful economic 
                disruption (including a lawful boycott) that results 
                from lawful public, governmental, or business reaction 
                to the disclosure of information about an animal 
                enterprise;
            ``(4) the term `serious bodily injury' means--
                    ``(A) injury posing a substantial risk of death;
                    ``(B) extreme physical pain;
                    ``(C) protracted and obvious disfigurement; or
                    ``(D) protracted loss or impairment of the function 
                of a bodily member, organ, or mental faculty; and
            ``(5) the term `substantial bodily injury' means--
                    ``(A) deep cuts and serious burns or abrasions;
                    ``(B) short-term or nonobvious disfigurement;
                    ``(C) fractured or dislocated bones, or torn members 
                of the body;
                    ``(D) significant physical pain;
                    ``(E) illness;
                    ``(F) short-term loss or impairment of the function 
                of a bodily member, organ, or mental faculty; or
                    ``(G) any other significant injury to the body.

    ``(e) Rules of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed--
            ``(1) to prohibit any expressive conduct (including peaceful 
        picketing or other peaceful demonstration) protected from legal 
        prohibition by the First Amendment to the Constitution;
            ``(2) to create new remedies for interference with 
        activities protected by the free speech or free exercise clauses 
        of the First Amendment to the Constitution, regardless of the 
        point of view expressed, or to limit any existing legal remedies 
        for such interference; or
            ``(3) to provide exclusive criminal penalties or civil 
        remedies with respect to the conduct prohibited by this action, 
        or to preempt State or local laws that may provide such 
        penalties or remedies.''.

[[Page 120 STAT. 2655]]

    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The item relating to section 43 in the 
table of sections at the beginning of chapter 3 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended to read as follows:

``43. Force, violence, and threats involving animal enterprises.''.

    Approved November 27, 2006.

LEGISLATIVE HISTORY--S. 3880:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 152 (2006):
            Sept. 29, considered and passed Senate.
            Nov. 13, considered and passed House.

                                  <all>