    [Constitution, Jefferson's Manual, and the Rules of the House of Representatives, 119th Congress]
    [119th Congress]
    [House Document 118-187]
    [Rules of the House of Representatives]
    [Pages 989-1006]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

                                   Rule XXIII

                            code of official conduct

      There is hereby established by and for the House the following code of
    conduct, to be known as the ``Code of Official Conduct'':

    Sec. 1095. Official conduct of Members, officers, or
    employees of the House.

          1.  A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner,
    officer, or employee of the House shall behave at all times in a manner
    that shall reflect creditably on the House.

          2. A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee
    of the House shall adhere to the spirit and the letter of the Rules of
    the House and to the rules of duly constituted committees thereof.

          3. A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee
    of the House may not receive compensation and may not permit
    compensation to accrue to the beneficial interest of such individual
    from any source, the receipt of which would occur by virtue of influence
    improperly exerted from the position of such individual in Congress.

    [[Page 990]]

          4. A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee
    of the House may not accept gifts except as provided by clause 5 of rule
    XXV.

          5. A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee
    of the House may not accept an honorarium for a speech, a writing for
    publication, or other similar activity, except as otherwise provided
    under rule XXV.

          6. A Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner--

              (a) shall keep the campaign funds of such individual separate
    from the personal funds of such individual;

              (b) may not convert campaign funds to personal use in excess
    of an amount representing reimbursement for legitimate and verifiable
    campaign expenditures; and

              (c) except as provided in clause 1(b) of rule XXIV, may not
    expend funds from a campaign account of such individual that are not
    attributable to bona fide campaign or political purposes.

          7. A Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner shall treat as
    campaign contributions all proceeds from testimonial dinners or other
    fund-raising events.

          8. (a) A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, or officer of
    the House may not retain an employee who does not perform duties for the
    offices of the employing authority commensurate with the compensation
    such employee receives.

    [[Page 991]]

    writing that the employee has complied with clause 8(a) (subject to
    clause 9 of rule X) as evidence of compliance by the chair with this
    clause and with clause 9 of rule X.
          (b) In the case of a committee employee who works under the direct
    supervision of a member of the committee other than a chair, the chair
    may require that such member affirm in

          (c)(1) Except as specified in subparagraph (2)--

              (A) a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not
    retain the relative of such individual in a paid position; and

              (B) an employee of the House may not accept compensation for
    work for a committee on which the relative of such employee serves as a
    member.

          (2) Subparagraph (1) shall not apply in the case of a relative
    whose pertinent employment predates the One Hundred Thirteenth Congress.

          (3) As used in this paragraph, the term ``relative'' means an
    individual who is related to the Member, Delegate, or Resident
    Commissioner as father, mother, son, daughter, brother, sister, uncle,
    aunt, first cousin, nephew, niece, husband, wife, father-in-law, mother-
    in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, sister-in-law,
    stepfather, stepmother, stepson, stepdaughter, stepbrother, stepsister,
    half brother, half sister, grandson, or granddaughter.

    [[Page 992]]

    terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of the race,
    color, religion, sex (including marital or parental status), sexual
    orientation, gender identity, disability, age, or national origin of
    such individual, including by committing an act of sexual harassment
    against such individual, but may take into consideration the domicile or
    political affiliation of such individual.
          9. A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee
    of the House may not discharge and may not refuse to hire an individual,
    or otherwise discriminate against an individual with respect to
    compensation,

          10. (a) A Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner who has been
    convicted by a court of record for the commission of a crime for which a
    sentence of two or more years' imprisonment may be imposed should
    refrain from participation in the business of each committee of which
    such individual is a member, and a Member should refrain from voting on
    any question at a meeting of the House or of the Committee of the Whole
    House on the state of the Union, unless or until judicial or executive
    proceedings result in reinstatement of the presumption of the innocence
    of such Member or until the Member is reelected to the House after the
    date of such conviction.

    [[Page 993]]

    Resident Commissioner serves, and should step aside from any party
    caucus or conference leadership position such Member, Delegate, or
    Resident Commissioner holds, unless or until judicial or executive
    proceedings result in acquittal or the charges are dismissed or reduced
    to less than a felony as described in this paragraph.
          (b) A Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner who has been
    indicted for or otherwise formally charged with criminal conduct in any
    Federal, State, or local court punishable as a felony for which a
    sentence of two or more years' imprisonment may be imposed should resign
    from any standing, select, joint or ad hoc committee, and any
    subcommittee thereof, on which such Member, Delegate, or

          11. A Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not authorize
    or otherwise allow an individual, group, or organization not under the
    direction and control of the House to use the words ``Congress of the
    United States,'' ``House of Representatives,'' or ``Official Business,''
    or any combination of words thereof, on any letterhead or envelope.

          12. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b), an employee of the
    House who is required to file a report under rule XXVI may not
    participate personally and substantially as an employee of the House in
    a contact with an agency of the executive or judicial branches of
    Government with respect to nonlegislative matters affecting any
    nongovernmental person in which the employee has a significant financial
    interest.

    [[Page 994]]

    (a) is necessary. A copy of each such waiver shall be filed with the
    Committee on Ethics.
          (b) Paragraph (a) does not apply if an employee first advises the
    employing authority of such employee of a significant financial interest
    described in paragraph (a) and obtains from such employing authority a
    written waiver stating that the participation of the employee in the
    activity described in paragraph

          13. Before a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or
    employee of the House may have access to classified information, the
    following oath (or affirmation) shall be executed:

              ``I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will not disclose any
    classified information received in the course of my service with the
    House of Representatives, except as authorized by the House of
    Representatives or in accordance with its Rules.''

        Copies of the executed oath (or affirmation) shall be retained as
    part of the records of the House, in the case of a Member, Delegate, or
    the Resident Commissioner, by the Clerk, and in the case of an officer
    or employee of the House, by the Sergeant-at-Arms. The Clerk shall make
    the signatories a matter of public record, causing the names of each
    Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner who has signed the oath
    during a week (if any) to be published in a portion of the Congressional
    Record designated for that purpose on the last legislative day of the
    week and making cumulative lists of such names available each day for
    public inspection in an appropriate office of the House.

    [[Page 995]]

    ation an employment decision or employment practice of any private
    entity--
          14. A Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not, with the
    intent to influence on the basis of partisan political affili

              (a) take or withhold, or offer or threaten to take or
    withhold, an official act; or

              (b) influence, or offer or threaten to influence, the official
    act of another.

          15. (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c), a Member,
    Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not use personal funds, official
    funds, or campaign funds for a flight on an aircraft.

          (b) Paragraph (a) does not apply if--

              (1) the aircraft is operated by an air carrier or commercial
    operator certificated by the Federal Aviation Administration and the
    flight is required to be conducted under air carrier safety rules, or,
    in the case of travel which is abroad, by an air carrier or commercial
    operator certificated by an appropriate foreign civil aviation authority
    and the flight is required to be conducted under air carrier safety
    rules;

    [[Page 996]]

    more than the Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, or family
    member's proportionate share of ownership allows);
              (2) the aircraft is owned or leased by a Member, Delegate,
    Resident Commissioner or a family member of a Member, Delegate, or
    Resident Commissioner (including an aircraft owned by an entity that is
    not a public corporation in which the Member, Delegate, Resident
    Commissioner or a family member of a Member, Delegate, or Resident
    Commissioner has an ownership interest, provided that such Member,
    Delegate, or Resident Commissioner does not use the aircraft any

              (3) the flight consists of the personal use of an aircraft by
    a Member, Delegate, or the Resident Commissioner that is supplied by--

                  (A) an individual on the basis of personal friendship; or

                  (B) another Member, Delegate, or the Resident
    Commissioner;

              (4) the aircraft is operated by an entity of the Federal
    government or an entity of the government of any State; or

              (5) the owner or operator of the aircraft is paid a pro rata
    share of the fair market value of the normal and usual charter fare or
    rental charge for a comparable plane of comparable size as determined by
    dividing such cost by the number of Members, Delegates, or the Resident
    Commissioner, officers, or employees of Congress on the flight.

          (c) An advance written request for a waiver of the restriction in
    paragraph (a) may be granted jointly by the chair and ranking minority
    member of the Committee on Ethics, subject to such conditions as they
    may prescribe.

          (d) In this clause--

    [[Page 997]]

    an authorized committee of the Member, Delegate, or Resident
    Commissioner involved under such Act;
              (1) the term ``campaign funds'' includes funds of any
    political committee under the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971,
    without regard to whether the committee is

              (2) the term ``family member'' means an individual who is
    related to the Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner, as father,
    mother, son, daughter, brother, sister, husband, wife, father-in-law, or
    mother-in-law; and

              (3) the term ``on the basis of personal friendship'' has the
    same meaning as in clause 5 of rule XXV and shall be determined as under
    clause 5(a)(3)(D)(ii) of rule XXV.

          16. A Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not condition
    the inclusion of language to provide funding for a congressional
    earmark, a limited tax benefit, or a limited tariff benefit in any bill
    or joint resolution (or an accompanying report) or in any conference
    report on a bill or joint resolution (including an accompanying joint
    explanatory statement of managers) on any vote cast by another Member,
    Delegate, or Resident Commissioner. For purposes of this clause and
    clause 17, the terms ``congressional earmark,'' ``limited tax benefit,''
    and ``limited tariff benefit'' shall have the meanings given them in
    clause 9 of rule XXI.

    [[Page 998]]

    an accompanying report) or in any conference report on a bill or joint
    resolution (or an accompanying joint statement of managers) shall
    provide a written statement to the chair and ranking minority member of
    the committee of jurisdiction, including--
          17. (a) A Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner who requests
    a congressional earmark, a limited tax benefit, or a limited tariff
    benefit in any bill or joint resolution (or

              (1) the name of the Member, Delegate, or Resident
    Commissioner;

              (2) in the case of a congressional earmark, the name and
    address of the intended recipient or, if there is no specifically
    intended recipient, the intended location of the activity;

              (3) in the case of a limited tax or tariff benefit,
    identification of the individual or entities reasonably anticipated to
    benefit, to the extent known to the Member, Delegate, or Resident
    Commissioner;

              (4) the purpose of such congressional earmark or limited tax
    or tariff benefit; and

              (5) a certification that the Member, Delegate, or Resident
    Commissioner or spouse has no financial interest in such congressional
    earmark or limited tax or tariff benefit.

    [[Page 999]]

    committee thereof shall be open for public inspection.
          (b) Each committee shall maintain the information transmitted
    under paragraph (a), and the written disclosures for any congressional
    earmarks, limited tax benefits, or limited tariff benefits included in
    any measure reported by the committee or conference report filed by the
    chair of the committee or any sub

          18. (a) A Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not
    engage in a sexual relationship with any employee of the House who works
    under the supervision of the Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner,
    or who is an employee of a committee on which the Member, Delegate, or
    Resident Commissioner serves. This paragraph does not apply with respect
    to any relationship between two people who are married to each other.

          (b) A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or
    employee of the House may not engage in unwelcome sexual advances or
    conduct towards another Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner,
    officer, or employee of the House.

          (c) In this clause, the term ``employee'' includes an applicant
    for employment, a paid or unpaid intern (including an applicant for an
    internship), a detailee, and an individual participating in a fellowship
    program.

          19. (a) A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or
    employee of the House may not serve as an officer or director of any
    public company.

    [[Page 1000]]

          (b) In paragraph (a), the term ``public company'' means an issuer
    as defined in section 3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15
    U.S.C. 78c)--

              (1) the securities of which are required to be registered
    under section 12 of such Act (15 U.S.C. 78l); or

              (2) that is required to file reports under section 15(d) of
    such Act (15 U.S.C. 78o(d)).

          (c) A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or
    employee of the House shall comply with regulations issued and revised,
    as necessary, by the Committee on Ethics regarding types of prohibited
    service or positions that could lead to conflicts of interest.

          20. A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or
    employee of the House may not, directly or indirectly, take any actions
    to prevent any individual from or retaliate against any individual for
    providing truthful information to the Committee on Ethics, the Office of
    Congressional Ethics, the Office of Congressional Workplace Rights, or
    any law enforcement official, provided that the disclosure of such
    information is not otherwise prohibited by law or House rules.

    [[Page 1001]]

    blower Protection Act of 1998, or any other Federal law that establishes
    the right for individuals to make protected disclosures to Congress.
          21. (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c), a Member,
    Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House shall
    not knowingly and willfully disclose publicly the identity of, or
    personally identifiable information about, any individual who has
    reported allegations of possible wrongdoing, including retaliation,
    under processes and protections provided by the Civil Service Reform Act
    of 1978, the Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989, the Intelligence
    Community Whistle

          (b) The limitation in paragraph (a) shall not apply to any
    disclosure of an individual's identity or personally identifiable
    information if--

              (1) the individual has provided express written consent prior
    to such disclosure;

              (2) the individual has already voluntarily and publicly
    disclosed their identity; or

              (3) the disclosure is by the chair of a committee after an
    affirmative vote by two-thirds of the members of the committee that such
    disclosure is in the public interest.

          (c) Nothing in this clause shall prevent--

              (1) an investigation of any allegation of wrongdoing disclosed
    by any individual; or

              (2) the public disclosure of substantive information shared by
    any individual that is not personally identifiable to that individual.

    [[Page 1002]]

    vidual a written explanation of the reasons for the disclosure.
          (d) Disclosures made pursuant to paragraph (b)(3) shall be subject
    to appropriate safeguards, including that the individual be provided
    timely advance notice if possible before their identity or any
    personally identifiable information is disclosed prior to the vote
    described in paragraph (b)(3), unless such information would jeopardize
    the related investigations. When providing such notice to the individual
    the committee chair shall send the indi

          22. (a) In this Code of Official Conduct, the term ``officer or
    employee of the House'' means an individual whose compensation is
    disbursed by the Chief Administrative Officer.

          (b) An individual whose services are compensated by the House
    pursuant to a consultant contract shall be considered an employee of the
    House for purposes of clauses 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, and 13 of this rule. An
    individual whose services are compensated by the House pursuant to a
    consultant contract may not lobby the contracting committee or the
    members or staff of the contracting committee on any matter. Such an
    individual may lobby other Members, Delegates, or the Resident
    Commissioner or staff of the House on matters outside the jurisdiction
    of the contracting committee. In the case of such an individual who is a
    member or employee of a firm, partnership, or other business
    organization, the other members and employees of the firm, partnership,
    or other business organization shall be subject to the same restrictions
    on lobbying that apply to the individual under this paragraph.

    [[Page 1003]]

    Congress, clause 4 had been amended in the 95th Congress to change the
    prohibition against acceptance of certain gifts as well as definitions
    for purposes of that clause (H. Res. 287, Mar. 2, 1977, pp. 5933-53).
    Those definitions were amended in the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 to make
    conforming changes in the definition of ``relative'' (P.L. 101-194).
    Clause 4 was also amended: (1) in the 100th Congress to increase from
    $35 to $50 the value of personal hospitality of an individual that is
    not to be counted when computing the aggregate amount of gifts per
    calendar year (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1987, p. 6); and (2) in the Ethics
    Reform Act of 1989 to revise the rules governing the acceptance of
    gifts, including value thresholds and waivers (P.L. 101-194). Those
    threshold and aggregate values were again adjusted by section 314(d) of
    the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act for fiscal year 1992 (P.L.
    102-90). The Ethics Reform Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-194) amended clause 5
    to prohibit the acceptance of honoraria. Clause 6 was amended in the
    95th Congress to delete from the second sentence the exception ``unless
    specifically provided by law,'' which had been added in the 94th
    Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 14, 1975, p. 20) and was again amended in the
    109th Congress to conform it to the change in clause 1 of rule XXIV to
    permit campaign funds to be used to defray certain official expenses
    (sec. 2(j), H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 2005, p. 43). Clause 6 was also amended
    by the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-194) to specify that campaign
    funds be used only for bona fide campaign or political purposes. Clause
    7 was amended in the 95th Congress to eliminate an exception permitting
    sponsors to give notice of purpose (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, p. 20). The
    Ethics Reform Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-194) amended clause 8 to broaden
    Members' accountability for the pay and performance of staff. Clause 8
    was again amended in the 106th Congress to permit telecommuting by House
    employees (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 47). Clause 8(c) was added in the
    107th Congress (sec. 2(t), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. 24) and expanded
    in the 113th Congress to apply to a defined group of relatives instead
    of just spouses (sec. 2(e)(2), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2013, p. 26). Clause 9
    was added in the 94th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 14, 1975, p. 20). Clause
    9 was amended: (1) in the 100th Congress to prohibit discrimination in
    employment based upon age (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1987, p. 6); (2) in the
    101st Congress to conform existing staff antidiscrimination rules to the
    Fair Employment Practices resolution adopted in the 100th Congress (now
    contained in the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (P.L. 104-1; 2
    U.S.C. 1301; see Sec. 1101, infra)); (3) in the 115th Congress to
    include sexual harassment as a form of employment discrimination (sec.
    5, H. Res. 724, Feb. 6, 2018, p. _); and (4) in the 116th Congress to
    prohibit discrimination in employment based upon sexual orientation or
    gender identity (sec. 102(ff), H. Res. 6, Jan. 3, 2019, p. _). Clause 10
    was added in the 94th Congress (H. Res. 46, Apr. 16, 1975, p. 10340),
    and was amended in the 116th Congress to encourage resignation from
    committees upon indictment for certain criminal offenses (sec. 102(hh),
    H. Res. 6, Jan. 3, 2019, p. _). Clause 11 was added in the 96th Congress
    (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 1979, pp.

    [[Page 1004]]

    7-16). Clause 12 was added by the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-
    194) to proscribe certain contacts as involving conflicts of interest.
    Clause 13 was added in the 104th Congress (sec. 220, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4,
    1995, p. 468), except the last sentence, which was added in the 107th
    Congress (sec. 2(t), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. 24). Clause 13 was
    amended in the 112th Congress to clarify that it does not require the
    disclosure of actual signatures (sec. 2(f), H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 2011, p.
    80) and in the 113th Congress to shift from the Clerk to the Sergeant-
    at-Arms some responsibility for the oath (sec. 2(e)(3), H. Res. 5, Jan.
    3, 2013, p. 26). Clause 22 (which was an undesignated paragraph at the
    end of the rule before being numbered as clause 14 when the rules were
    recodified in the 106th Congress) was amended in the 92d Congress to
    bring the Delegates and Resident Commissioner within the definition of
    ``Member'' (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144; H. Res. 1153, Oct. 13,
    1972, pp. 36021-23). It was again amended in the 106th Congress to
    include consultants among employees covered by certain provisions of the
    code of conduct (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 47) and in the 107th
    Congress to add the last two sentences of paragraph (b) (sec. 2(v), H.
    Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. 24). Paragraph (b) was amended during the 110th
    Congress with regard to firms, partnerships, and other business
    organizations (sec. 303, P.L. 110-81). In the 105th Congress the rule
    was amended to effect three clerical corrections (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7,
    1997, p. 121); in the 106th Congress clerical and stylistic changes were
    effected when the rules were recodified (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p.
    47); in the 107th Congress conforming changes were made to reflect the
    redesignation of several rules (sec. 2(s), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p.
    24) and a clerical correction to a cross reference in clause 8(b) was
    effected (sec. 2(x), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. 26); and in the 112th
    Congress a technical change was made (sec. 2(f), H. Res. 5, Jan. 5,
    2011, p. 80). Clauses 14 through 17 were added in the 110th Congress
    (secs. 202, 207, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 2007, p. 19; sec. 404(b), H. Res. 6,
    Jan. 4, 2007, p. 19 (adopted Jan. 5, 2007)). Clause 15 was amended in
    its entirety during the 110th Congress (H. Res. 363, May 2, 2007, p.
    11119) and amended in the 113th Congress to expand paragraph (b) and add
    paragraph (c) (sec. 2(e)(4), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2013, p. 26). Clause 18
    was added in the 115th Congress (sec. 6, H. Res. 724, p. _), and was
    amended in the 116th Congress to expand the prohibition to certain
    relationships involving employees of committees (sec. 102(gg), H. Res.
    6, Jan. 3, 2019, p. _). Gender-based references were eliminated in the
    111th Congress (sec. 2(l), H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 2009, p. 7) and in the
    117th Congress (sec. 2(d), H. Res. 8, Jan. 4, 2021, p. _), though some
    were restored in the 119th Congress (sec. 2(h), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2025,
    p. _). Clause 19 was added in the 116th Congress to restrict service by
    Members, Delegates, and the Resident Commissioner as an officer or
    director of a public company (sec. 102(ii), H. Res. 6, Jan. 3, 2019, p.
    _) and was amended in the 117th Congress to provide ongoing regulatory
    authority for the Committee on Ethics (sec. 2(x), H. Res. 8, Jan. 4,
    2021, p. _). Clauses 20 and 21 were added in the 117th Congress

    [[Page 1005]]

    to emphasize whistleblower protection (sec. 2(y), H. Res. 8, Jan. 4,
    2021, p. _). An amendment was effected in the 112th Congress to reflect
    a change in committee name (sec. 2(e)(8), H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 2011, p.
    80).
      This rule was transferred from rule XLIII to rule XXIV when the House
    recodified its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p.
    47). It was redesignated as rule XXIII in the 107th Congress (sec. 2(s),
    H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. 24). The rule was originally adopted in the
    90th Congress (H. Res. 1099, Apr. 3, 1968, p. 8803). The jurisdiction of
    the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct (now Ethics) was
    redefined in the same resolution. Clause 4 was entirely rewritten (and
    definitions for the purpose of clause 4 were deleted) in the 104th
    Congress to reflect the adoption of a Gift Rule (H. Res. 254, Nov. 30,
    1995, p. 35077). Before the 104th

      For an in-depth discussion of this rule prepared by the Committee on
    Standards of Official Conduct (now Ethics), see the House Ethics Manual
    (110th Cong., 2d Sess.).

      It is not a proper parliamentary inquiry to ask the Chair to interpret
    the application of a criminal statute to a Member's conduct, because it
    is for the House and not the Chair to judge the conduct of Members
    (Precedents (Wickham), ch. 5, Sec. 3.3). In response to a parliamentary
    inquiry, the Chair advised that the operation of clause 16 was not
    affected by a special order of the House waiving various points of order
    against a measure and against its consideration (Mar. 23, 2007, p.
    7457). The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct (now Ethics)
    opined that ``conviction'' in clause 10 includes a plea of guilty or a
    certified finding of guilty even though sentencing may occur later (H.
    Rept. 94-76).

    [[Page 1006]]

      The House in the 116th through 119th Congresses adopted the following
    separate orders: (1) requiring that non-disclosure agreements imposed by
    employing or contracting authorities in the House of Representatives
    include guidance that employees and contractors can communicate matters
    to the Committee on Ethics or Office of Congressional Workplace Rights
    (sec. 103(q), H. Res. 6, Jan. 3, 2019, p. _; sec. 3(f), H. Res. 8, Jan.
    4, 2021, p. _; sec. 3(s), H. Res. 5, Jan. 9, 2023, p. _; sec. 3(o), H.
    Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2025, p. _); (2) prohibiting the Committee on House
    Admininstration from approving certain settlements of complaints against
    Members under the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 except with
    terms requiring the Member to reimburse the Treasury for the settlement
    amount (sec. 103(r), H. Res. 6, Jan. 3, 2019, p. _; sec. 3(g), H. Res.
    8, Jan. 4, 2021, p. _; sec. 3(v), H. Res. 5, Jan. 9, 2023, p. _; sec.
    3(p), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2025, p. _); (3) requiring employing offices of
    the House to adopt an anti-harassment and anti-discrimination policy for
    the workplace (sec. 103(s), H. Res. 6, Jan. 3, 2019, p. _; sec. 3(h), H.
    Res. 8, Jan. 4, 2021, p. _; sec. 3(t), H. Res. 5, Jan. 9, 2023, p. _;
    sec. 3(q), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2025, p. _); and (4) requiring the display
    in House employing offices of a statement of rights and protections
    under the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (sec. 103(t), H. Res.
    6, Jan. 3, 2019, p. _; sec. 3(i), H. Res. 8, Jan. 4, 2021, p. _; sec.
    3(u), H. Res. 5, Jan. 9, 2023, p. _; sec. 3(n), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2025,
    p. _). In the 117th Congress the House required the Committee on Ethics
    to report any recommended changes to the Code of Official Conduct to
    address potential discipline for the intentionally misleading
    dissemination of distorted or manipulated electronic images, videos, or
    audio files (sec. 3(y), H. Res. 8, Jan. 4, 2021, p. _).