[Constitution, Jefferson's Manual, and the Rules of the House of Representatives, 117th Congress]
[117th Congress]
[House Document 116-177]
[The United States Constitution]
[Pages 81-83]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]



                              ARTICLE III.




Sec. 177. The judges, their terms, and 
compensation.

  Section 1.  The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested 
in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may 
from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme 
and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and 
shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, 
which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.




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Sec. 178. Extent of the judicial 
power.

  Section 2. \1\The  judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, 
arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and 
Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;--to all 
Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;--to all 
Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;--to Controversies to which 
the United States shall be a Party;--to Controversies between two or 
more States;--between a State and Citizens of another State;--between 
Citizens of different States;--between Citizens of the same State 
claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or 
the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.




Sec. 178a. Decisions of the Court on legislative 
standing.

  Decisions  of the Supreme Court involving legislative standing to bring 
cases in Federal court include Coleman v. Miller, 307 U.S. 433 (1939); 
Goldwater v. Carter, 444 U.S. 996 (1979); Allen v. Wright, 468 U.S. 737 
(1984); Whitmore v. Arkansas, 495 U.S. 149 (1990); and, most recently, 
Raines v. Byrd, 521 U.S. 811 (1997), holding that Member plaintiffs must 
have alleged a ``personal stake'' in having an actual injury redressed, 
rather than an ``institutional injury'' that is ``abstract and widely 
dispersed.'' See also the 11th amendment (Sec. 218, infra).




Sec. 179. Original and appellate jurisdiction of the 
Supreme Court.

  \2\In  all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers 
and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme 
Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before 
mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as 
to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the 
Congress shall make.





Sec. 180. Places of trial of crimes by jury.

  \3\The  Trial of 
all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such 
Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been 
committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be 
at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.




Sec. 181. Treason against the United 
States.

  Section 3. \1\Treason  against the United States, shall consist only in levying War 
against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and 
Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony 
of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.



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ruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person 
Attainted.





Sec. 182. Punishment for treason.

  \2\The  Congress shall have 
Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason 
shall work Cor