    [Constitution, Jefferson's Manual, and the Rules of the House of Representatives, 117th Congress]
    [117th Congress]
    [House Document 116-177]
    [The United States Constitution]
    [Pages 81-83]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

                                  ARTICLE III.

    Sec. 177. The judges, their terms, and
    compensation.

      Section 1.  The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested
    in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may
    from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme
    and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and
    shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation,
    which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.

    [[Page 82]]

    Sec. 178. Extent of the judicial
    power.

      Section 2. \1\The  judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity,
    arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and
    Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;--to all
    Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;--to all
    Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;--to Controversies to which
    the United States shall be a Party;--to Controversies between two or
    more States;--between a State and Citizens of another State;--between
    Citizens of different States;--between Citizens of the same State
    claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or
    the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.

    Sec. 178a. Decisions of the Court on legislative
    standing.

      Decisions  of the Supreme Court involving legislative standing to bring
    cases in Federal court include Coleman v. Miller, 307 U.S. 433 (1939);
    Goldwater v. Carter, 444 U.S. 996 (1979); Allen v. Wright, 468 U.S. 737
    (1984); Whitmore v. Arkansas, 495 U.S. 149 (1990); and, most recently,
    Raines v. Byrd, 521 U.S. 811 (1997), holding that Member plaintiffs must
    have alleged a ``personal stake'' in having an actual injury redressed,
    rather than an ``institutional injury'' that is ``abstract and widely
    dispersed.'' See also the 11th amendment (Sec. 218, infra).

    Sec. 179. Original and appellate jurisdiction of the
    Supreme Court.

      \2\In  all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers
    and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme
    Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before
    mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as
    to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the
    Congress shall make.

    Sec. 180. Places of trial of crimes by jury.

      \3\The  Trial of
    all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such
    Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been
    committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be
    at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.

    Sec. 181. Treason against the United
    States.

      Section 3. \1\Treason  against the United States, shall consist only in levying War
    against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and
    Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony
    of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.

    [[Page 83]]

    ruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person
    Attainted.

    Sec. 182. Punishment for treason.

      \2\The  Congress shall have
    Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason
    shall work Cor