[Constitution, Jefferson's Manual, and the Rules of the House of Representatives, 109th Congress]
[109th Congress]
[House Document 108-241]
[Rules of the House of Representatives]
[Pages 723-751]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]


 




                                Rule XVII


Decorum
                           decorum and debate



945. Obtaining the floor for debate; and relevancy and 
decorum therein.

  1. (a)  A Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner who 
desires to speak or deliver a matter to the House shall rise and 
respectfully address himself to ``Mr. Speaker'' and, on being 
recognized, may address the House from any place on the floor. When 
invited by the Chair, a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may 
speak from the Clerk's desk.




[[Page 724]]


  (b) Remarks in debate (which may include references to the Senate or 
its Members) shall be confined to the question under debate, avoiding 
personality.

  This clause (formerly clause 1 of rule XIV) was adopted in 1880, but 
was made up, in its main provisions, from older rules, which dated from 
1789 and 1811 (V, 4979). A rule of comity prohibiting most references in 
debate to the Senate was first enunciated in Jefferson's Manual and was 
strictly enforced in the House through the 108th Congress (albeit with 
certain exceptions adopted in the 100th and 101st Congresses and were 
outlined in paragraph (b)) (Sec. 371, supra; H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1987, p. 
6; H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1989, p. 72). In the 109th Congress the exceptions 
were deleted and the parenthetical in paragraph (b) was inserted (sec. 
2(g), H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 2005, p. ----). The rule continues to require 
Members to avoid personality, and the Chair remains under a duty to call 
to order a Member who violates the rule. Before the House recodified its 
rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 1 
of rule XIV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 47). This clause, and rulings 
of the Chair with respect to references in debate to the Senate, are 
discussed in Sec. Sec. 361, 371, supra.


[[Page 725]]

to the Speaker, himself, a Member directs his remarks to the occupant of 
the Chair and addresses him as ``Mr. Speaker'' pursuant to this clause 
(Nov. 1, 1983, p. 30267).
  The Speaker, who has a responsibility under rule I to maintain and 
enforce decorum in debate, and the Chairman of the Committee of the 
Whole, who enforces decorum in debate under rule XVIII, have reminded 
and advised Members of the following: (1) clause 1 requires Members 
seeking recognition to rise and to address themselves to the question 
under debate, avoiding personality; (2) Members should address their 
remarks to the Chair only and not to other entities such as the press or 
the television audience, and the Chair enforces this rule on its own 
initiative (see, e.g., Nov. 8, 1979, p. 31519; Sept. 29, 1983, p. 26501; 
Dec. 17, 1987, p. 36139); (3) Members should not refer to or address any 
occupant of the galleries; (4) Members should refer to other Members in 
debate only in the third person, by State designation (Speaker O'Neill, 
June 14, 1978, p. 17615; Oct. 2, 1984, p. 28520; Mar. 7, 1985, p. 5028); 
(5) Members should refrain from using profanity or vulgarity in debate 
(Mar. 5, 1991, p. 5036; Feb. 18, 1993, p. 2973; Nov. 17, 1995, p. 33744; 
July 23, 1998, p. 17032; Oct. 11, 2000, p. 22189; Oct. 2, 2003, p. ----; 
Mar. 10, 2004, p. ----); (6) the Chair may interrupt a Member engaging 
in personalities with respect to another Member of the House, as the 
Chair does with respect to such references to the Senate or the 
President (Jan. 4, 1995, p. 551); (7) Members should refrain from 
discussing the President's personal character (May 10, 1994, p. 9697); 
(8) Members should heed the gavel (e.g., Mar. 16, 1988, p. 4081; May 22, 
2003, p. ----; Oct. 2, 2003, p. ----; May 19, 2004, p. ----), and 
remarks uttered in debate while not under recognition do not appear in 
the Congressional Record (e.g., May 22, 2003, p. ----; Oct. 2, 2003, p. 
----; May 19, 2004, p. ----); (9) Members may not use audio devices 
during debate (May 24, 2005, p. ----). The Speaker has deplored the 
tendency to address remarks directly to the President (or others not in 
the Chamber) in the second person, and cautions Members on his own 
initiative (see, e.g., Oct. 16, 1989, p. 24715; Oct. 17, 1989, p. 24764; 
Jan. 24, 1990, p. 426; Oct. 9, 1991, p. 25999). Even when referring in 
debate

  Members should refrain from speaking disrespectfully of the Speaker or 
arraigning the personal conduct of the Speaker, and under the precedents 
the sanctions for such violations transcend the ordinary requirements 
for timeliness of challenges (II, 1248; Jan. 4, 1995, p. 551; Jan. 18, 
1995, p. 1441; Jan. 19, 1995, p. 1599). Engaging in personalities with 
respect to the Speaker's conduct is not in order even though possibly 
relevant to a pending resolution granting him certain authority (Sept. 
24, 1996, p. 24485).

  This clause also has been interpreted to proscribe the wearing of 
badges by Members to communicate a message, since Members must rise and 
address the Speaker to deliver any matter to the House (Speaker O'Neill, 
Apr. 15, 1986, p. 7525; Feb. 22, 1995, p. 5435; Mar. 29, 1995, p. 9662; 
Oct. 19, 1995, pp. 28522, 28540, 28646; Nov. 17, 1995, p. 5435; Mar. 7, 
1996, p. 4083; Sept. 26, 1996, p. 25117; July 24, 1998, p. 17157; Sept. 
28, 2000, p. 19940; Sept. 22, 2004, p. ----). A Member's comportment may 
constitute a breach of decorum even though the content of that Member's 
speech is not, itself, unparliamentary (July 29, 1994, p. 18609). Under 
this standard the Chair may deny recognition to a Member who has engaged 
in unparliamentary debate and ignored repeated admonitions by the Chair 
to proceed in order, subject to the will of the House on the question of 
his proceeding in order (Sept. 18, 1996, p. 23535).

  For further discussion of personalities in debate with respect to 
references to the official conduct of a Member, see Sec. Sec. 361-363, 
supra; with respect to references to the President, see Sec. 370, supra; 
and with respect to references to the Senate, see Sec. Sec. 371-374, 
supra.

  Aside from ``special-order,'' ``morning-hour,'' or ``one-minute'' 
debate, where no question is pending and recognition is by unanimous 
consent or leadership listings, it is a general rule that a motion must 
be made before a Member may proceed in debate (V, 4984, 4985), and this 
motion may be required to be reduced to writing (V, 4986). A motion must 
also be stated by the Speaker or read by the Clerk before debate may 
begin (V, 4982, 4983, 5304). The withdrawal of a motion precludes 
further debate on it (V, 4989). But sometimes when a communication or a 
report has been before the House it has been debated before any specific 
motion has been made in relation to it (V, 4987, 4988). In a few cases, 
such as conference reports and reports from the Committee of the Whole, 
the motion to agree is considered as pending without being offered from 
the floor (IV, 4896; V, 6517).


[[Page 726]]

  In presenting a question of personal privilege the Member is not 
required in the first instance to offer a motion or offer a resolution, 
but such is not the rule in presenting a case involving the privileges 
of the House (III, 2546, 2547; VI, 565, 566, 580; see Sec. 708, supra ). 
Personal explanations merely are made by unanimous consent (V, 5065).



Sec. 946. Interruption of a Member in debate.

  A  Member 
having the floor may not be taken off his feet by an ordinary motion, 
even the highly privileged motion to adjourn (V, 5369, 5370; VIII, 
2646), or the motion to table (Mar. 18, 1992, p. 6022). He may not be 
deprived of the floor by a parliamentary inquiry (VIII, 2455-2458), a 
question of privilege (V, 5002; VIII, 2459), a motion that the Committee 
rise (VIII, 2325), or a demand for the previous question (VIII, 2609; 
Mar. 18, 1992, p. 6022), but he may be interrupted for a conference 
report (V, 6451; VIII, 3294). It is a custom also for the Speaker to 
request a Member to yield for the reception of a message. A Member may 
yield the floor for a motion to adjourn or that the Committee of the 
Whole rise without losing his right to continue when the subject is 
again continued (V, 5009-5013), but where the House has by resolution 
vested control of general debate in the Committee of the Whole in 
designated Members, their control of general debate may not be abrogated 
by another Member moving to rise, unless they yield for that purpose 
(May 25, 1967, p. 14121; June 10, 1999, p. 12471). A Member may also 
resume his seat while a paper is being read in his time without losing 
his right to the floor (V, 5015). A Member who, having the floor, moved 
the previous question was permitted to resume the floor on withdrawing 
the motion (V, 5474). But a Member may not yield to another Member to 
offer an amendment without losing the floor (V, 5021, 5030, 5031; VIII, 
2476), and a Member may not offer an amendment in time secured for 
debate only (VIII, 2474), or request unanimous consent to offer an 
amendment unless yielded to for that purpose by the Member controlling 
the floor (Sept. 24, 1986, p. 25589). A Member recognized under the 
five-minute rule in the Committee of the Whole may not yield to another 
Member to offer an amendment, as it is within the power of the Chair to 
recognize each Member to offer amendments (Apr. 19, 1973, p. 13240; Dec. 
12, 1973, p. 41171). A Member desiring to interrupt another in debate 
should address the Chair for permission of the Member speaking (V, 5006; 
VI, 193), but the latter may exercise his own discretion as to whether 
or not he will yield (V, 5007, 5008; VI, 193; VIII, 2463, 2465). It is 
not in order to disrupt a Member's remarks in debate by repeatedly 
interrupting to ask whether he will yield after he has declined to do so 
(Apr. 9, 1992, p. 9040; Nov. 13, 1997, p. 26533). Where a Member 
interrupts another during debate without being yielded to or otherwise 
recognized (as on a point of order), his remarks are not printed in the 
Record (Speaker O'Neill, Feb. 7, 1985, p. 2229; July 21, 1993, p. 16545; 
July 29, 1994, p. 18609). Members should not engage in disruption while 
another is speaking (Dec. 20, 1995, p. 37878; June 27, 1996, p. 15915).



[[Page 727]]

or rights, usually without asking consent of the House (II, 1367, 1368, 
1371; III, 1950; V, 6097). In more recent years, Speakers have 
frequently entered into debate from the floor on substantive legislative 
issues before the House for decision, and the right to participate in 
debate in the Committee of the Whole is without question (see, e.g., 
Apr. 30, 1987, p. 10811).


Sec. 947. Speaker in debate.

  The  Speaker may of right speak 
from the Chair on questions of order and be first heard (II, 1367), but 
with this exception he may speak from the Chair only by leave of the 
House and on questions of fact (II, 1367-1372). On occasions 
comparatively rare Speakers have called Members to the Chair and 
participated in debate on questions of order or matters relating their 
own conduct




Sec. 948. Member must confine himself to the subject.

  It  has 
always been held, and generally quite strictly, that in the House the 
Member must confine himself to the subject under debate (V, 5043-5048; 
VI, 576; VIII, 2481, 2534). The Chair normally waits for the question of 
relevancy of debate to be raised and does not take initiative (Sept. 27, 
1990, p. 26226; Mar. 23, 1995, p. 8986; Nov. 14, 1995, pp. 32354-57, 
32374; Dec. 15, 1995, p. 37118; Mar. 12, 1996, p. 4149; Mar. 20, 2002, 
p. ----).



[[Page 728]]

the occupant of the Chair during that speech may enforce the rule of 
relevancy in debate by requiring that the remarks be confined to the 
subject so specified (Jan. 23, 1984, p. 93). Debate on a question of 
personal privilege must be confined to the statements or issue which 
gave rise to the question of privilege (V, 5075-5077; VI, 576, 608; 
VIII, 2448, 2481; May 31, 1984, p. 14623). Debate on a privileged 
resolution recommending disciplinary action against a Member, while it 
may include comparisons with other such actions taken by or reported to 
the House for purposes of measuring severity of punishment, may not 
extend to the conduct of another sitting Member not the subject of a 
committee report (Dec. 18, 1987, p. 36271). The question whether a 
Member should be relieved from committee service is debatable only 
within very narrow limits (IV, 4510; June 16, 1975, p. 19056). Debate on 
a resolution electing a Member to a committee is confined to the 
election of that Member and should not extend to that committee's agenda 
(July 10, 1995, p. 18258).
  During debate on a bill, a Member under recognition must confine his 
remarks to the pending legislation; that is, he must not dwell on 
another measure not before the House (Nov. 4, 1999, p. 28524), rather he 
must maintain a constant nexus between debate and the subject of the 
bill (Nov. 14, 1995, pp. 32354-57; Mar. 12, 1996, p. 4450; Mar. 20, 
2002, p. ----; June 3, 2003, p. ----, p. ----, p. ----). Debate on a 
motion to amend must be confined to the amendment, and may neither 
include the general merits of the bill (V, 5049-5051), nor range to the 
merits of a proposition not included in the underlying resolution (Jan. 
31, 1995, p. 3032). Similarly, debate on a motion to recommit with 
instructions should be confined to the subject of the motion rather than 
dwelling on the general merits of the bill (Mar. 7, 1996, p. 4092). 
However, the Chair has accorded Members latitude in debating a series of 
amendments in the nature of a substitute to a concurrent resolution on 
the budget (Mar. 25, 1999, p. 5734). On a motion to suspend the rules, 
debate is confined to the object of the motion and may not range to the 
merits of a bill not scheduled for such consideration (Nov. 23, 1991, p. 
34189; June 11, 2002, p. ----). Debate on a special order providing for 
the consideration of a bill may range to the merits of the bill to be 
made in order (Sept. 26, 1989, p. 21532; Oct. 16, 1990, p. 29668; Oct. 
1, 1991, p. 24836), because the question of consideration of the bill is 
involved, but should not range to the merits of a measure not to be 
considered under that special order (Sept. 27, 1990, p. 26226; July 25, 
1995, p. 20323; Sept. 20, 1995, p. 15838; Dec. 15, 1995, p. 37118; May 
1, 1996, p. 9888; May 8, 1996, p. 10511; May 15, 1996, p. 1131; Mar. 13, 
1997, p. 3833; Mar. 20, 2002, p. ----) or to the Rules of the House in 
general (July 9, 2004, p. ---- (sustained by tabling of appeal)). Debate 
on a resolution providing authorities to expedite the consideration of 
end-of-session legislation may neither range to the merits of a measure 
that might or might not be considered under such authorities nor engage 
in personalities with respect to the official conduct of the Speaker, 
even as asserted to relate to the question of granting the authorities 
proposed (Sept. 24, 1996, pp. 24485, 24486). If a unanimous-consent 
request for a Member to address the House for one hour specifies the 
subject of the address,

  While the Speakers have entertained appeals from their decisions as to 
irrelevancy, they have held that such appeals were not debatable (V, 
5056-5063).


Recognition
<>   2. When two or more 
Members, Delegates, or the Resident Commissioner rise at once, the 
Speaker shall name the Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner who is 
first to speak. * * *

  Under prior practice in Committee of the Whole, a Member did not have 
to confine himself to the subject during general debate (V, 5233-5238; 
VIII, 2590; June 28, 1974, p. 21743); but under modern practice a 
special order providing for consideration of a measure in the Committee 
of the Whole typically does require such relevance in debate. All five-
minute debate in Committee of the Whole is confined to the subject (V, 
5240-5256), even on a pro forma amendment (VIII, 2591), in which case 
debate must relate to an issue in the pending portion of the bill (VIII, 
2592, 2593); thus, where a general provisions title is pending debate 
may relate to any agency funded by the bill (June 13, 1991, p. 14692).

  This provision was adopted in 1789 (V, 4978). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former clause 2 of rule XIV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 47).


[[Page 729]]

necessarily came to pertain to the bill or other business which would be 
before the House under the rule regulating the order of business. Hence 
the necessity that the Speaker should not be compelled to heed the 
claims of Members as individuals was expressed in 1879 in a report from 
the Committee on Rules, which declared that ``in the nature of the case 
discretion must be lodged with the presiding officer'' (II, 1424). And 
in 1881 the Speaker declined to entertain an appeal from his decision on 
a question of recognition (II, 1425-1428), establishing thereby a 
practice which continues (VI, 292; VIII, 2429, 2646, 2762). It also has 
been determined that a Member may not invoke clause 6 of rule XIV 
(formerly rule XXV) (Sec. 884, supra), providing that questions relating 
to the priority of business shall be decided by a majority without 
debate, to inhibit the Speaker's power of recognition under this clause 
(Speaker Albert, July 31, 1975, p. 26249).--
  In the early history of the House, when business proceeded on 
presentation by individual Members, the Speaker recognized the Member 
who arose first; and in case of doubt there was an appeal from his 
recognition (II, 1429-1434). But as the membership and business of the 
House increased it became necessary to establish and adhere to a fixed 
order of business, and recognitions, instead of pertaining to the 
individual Member,



Sec. 950. Oneminute and specialorder 
speeches.

  Recognition  for one-minute speeches by unanimous consent and the order 
of recognition are entirely within the discretion of the Speaker (Nov. 
15, 1983, p. 32657; Mar. 7, 2001, p. 3027). When the House has a heavy 
legislative schedule, the Speaker may refuse to recognize Members for 
that purpose until the completion of legislative business (Deschler-
Brown, ch. 29, Sec. 73; July 24, 1980, p. 19386). It is not in order to 
raise as a question of the privileges of the House a resolution 
directing the Speaker to recognize for such speeches, since a question 
of privilege cannot amend or interpret the Rules of the House (July 25, 
1980, pp. 19762-64). The modern practice of limiting recognition before 
legislative business to one minute began August 2, 1937 (p. 8004) and 
was reiterated by Speaker Rayburn on March 6, 1945 (Deschler, ch. 21, 
Sec. 6.1).



[[Page 730]]

imous consent but, rather, on lists submitted by the respective party 
Leaders. This policy, the result of bipartisan negotiations, was a 
departure from the modern practice as described in Deschler, ch. 21, 
Sec. 7.1 (special-order speeches following legislative business are 
enabled only by unanimous consent). Under the Speaker's policy: (1) 
recognition does not extend beyond midnight; (2) recognition for longer 
speeches occurs after five-minute speeches and is limited (except on 
Tuesdays) to four hours equally divided between the majority and 
minority; (3) the first hour for each party is reserved to its 
respective Leader or his designees; (4) time within each party is 
allotted in accord with a list submitted to the Chair by the respective 
Leader; (5) recognition for the first hour alternates between the 
parties from day to day; (6) the respective Leaders may establish 
additional guidelines for entering requests; and (7) a Member recognized 
for a five-minute special order may not be recognized for a longer 
special order (Feb. 11, 1994, p. 2244; May 23, 1994, p. 1154; June 10, 
1994, p. 12684; Jan. 4, 1995, p. 551; Feb. 16, 1995, p. 5096; May 12, 
1995, p. 12765; Jan. 21, 1997, p. 460; Jan. 31, 2001, p. 1078).
  Since the 98th Congress the Speaker has followed announced policies of 
(1) alternating recognition for one-minute speeches and special-order 
speeches between majority and minority Members and (2) recognizing for 
special-order speeches of five minutes or less before longer speeches 
(Speaker O'Neill, Aug. 8, 1984, p. 22963; Jan. 4, 1995, p. 551). In the 
101st Congress, the Chair continued the practice of alternating 
recognition for one-minute speeches but began a practice of recognizing 
Members suggested by their party leadership before others in the well 
(Apr. 19, 1990, p. 7406). From August 8, 1984, through February 23, 
1994, the Speaker also followed an announced policy of recognizing 
Members of the same party within a given category in the order in which 
their unanimous-consent requests for special orders were granted 
(Speaker O'Neill, Aug. 8, 1984, p. 22963; Jan. 5, 1993, p. 106). 
However, on February 24, 1994, the Speaker announced a new policy 
governing recognition for special-order speeches. With respect to 
recognition for five-minute special orders, the Speaker announced that 
the Chair would recognize for speeches of five minutes or less first, 
before longer speeches, and that Members may not enter requests for 
five-minute special orders earlier than one week in advance. With 
respect to recognition for longer special orders, the Speaker announced 
a policy of recognition that would depend not on orders by unan

  While the Chair's calculation of time consumed under one-minute 
speeches is not subject to challenge, the Chair endeavors to recognize 
majority and then minority Members by allocating time in a nonpartisan 
manner (Aug. 4, 1982, p. 19319). Before legislative business, the 
Speaker will traditionally recognize a Member only once by unanimous 
consent for a one-minute speech, and will not entertain a second request 
(May 1, 1985, p. 9995). The Chair will not entertain a unanimous-consent 
request to extend a five-minute special order (Mar. 7, 1995, p. 7152) or 
to extend a special order beyond midnight (Oct. 7, 1998, p. 24394). The 
Chair will recognize for subdivisions of the first hour reserved for 
special orders only on designations (and reallocations) by the 
leadership concerned (Oct. 2, 1998, p. 23151; Dec. 12, 2001, p. ----). A 
Member who is recognized to control time during special orders may yield 
to colleagues for such amounts of time as the Member may deem 
appropriate but may not yield blocks of time to be enforced by the 
Chair. Members regulate the duration of their yielding by reclaiming the 
time when appropriate (Jan. 31, 2001, p. 1078).-


[[Page 731]]

hour early (rather than 90 minutes); (2) time for debate is limited to 
25 minutes for each party (rather than 30 minutes); and (3) in no event 
is morning-hour debate to continue beyond 10 minutes before the House is 
to convene (May 12, 1995, p. 12765). The House extended such order in a 
modified form to accommodate early convening times on any Monday or 
Tuesday (Jan. 20, 2004, p. ----; Jan. 4, 2005, p. ----). The above-cited 
orders of the House also: (1) postpone the Prayer, approval of the 
Journal, and the Pledge of Allegiance during morning-hour debates; and 
(2) require the Chair to recognize Members for not more than five 
minutes each, alternating between the majority and minority parties in 
accord with lists supplied by their respective Leaders. Under the 
customary order of the House establishing morning-hour debate, the Chair 
does not entertain a unanimous-consent request to extend a five-minute 
period of recognition (Apr. 28, 1998, p. 6924; Nov. 12, 2002, p. ----). 
During morning-hour debate it is not in order to request that a name be 
removed from a list of cosponsors of a bill (Apr. 26, 1994, p. 8544).-


Sec. 951. Morninghour debates.

  Beginning  in the second 
session of the 103d Congress, the House has by unanimous consent agreed 
(without prejudice to the Speaker's ultimate power of recognition under 
this rule) to convene early on Mondays and Tuesdays for morning-hour 
debate (Feb. 11, 1994, p. 2244; May 23, 1994, p. 11459; June 8, 1994, p. 
12305; June 10, 1994, p. 12684; Jan. 4, 1995, p. 551; Feb. 16, 1995, p. 
5096; Jan. 21, 1997, p. 460; Jan. 19, 1999, p. 602; Jan. 3, 2001, p. 38; 
Jan. 23, 2002, p. ----; Jan. 7, 2003, p. ----; Jan. 20, 2004, p. ----; 
Jan. 4, 2005, p. ----). On May 12, 1995, the House extended and modified 
the above order to accommodate earlier convening times after mid-May of 
each year. The modified order changes morning-hour debates on Tuesdays 
after mid-May of each year as follows: (1) the House convenes one




Sec. 952. ``Oxford''style debates.

  In  the 103d Congress the 
House agreed by unanimous consent to conduct at a time designated by the 
Speaker structured debate on a mutually agreeable topic announced by the 
Speaker, with four participants from each party in a format announced by 
the Speaker (Feb. 11, 1994, p. 2244; Mar. 11, 1994, p. 4772; May 23, 
1994, p. 11459; June 8, 1994, p. 12305; June 10, 1994, p. 12648). 
Pursuant to that authority the House conducted three ``Oxford''-style 
debates (Mar. 16, 1994, p. 5088; May 4, 1994, p. 9300; July 20, 1994, p. 
17245). As a precursor to those structured debates, special-order time 
was used for a ``Lincoln-Douglas''-style debate involving five Members, 
with one Member acting as ``moderator'' by controlling the hour under 
this clause (Nov. 3, 1993, p. 27312).



[[Page 732]]

allowable motions intended to expedite it (II, 1452, 1457; VI, 296, 
300). This principle does not, however, apply to the Chairman of the 
Committee of the Whole (II, 1453). Once the proponent of a pending 
motion has been recognized for debate thereon, a unanimous-consent 
request to modify the motion may be entertained only if the proponent 
yields for that purpose (Jan. 5, 1996, p. 348). The Member who 
originally introduces the bill which a committee reports has no claims 
to recognition as opposed to the claims of the members of the committee, 
but in cases where a proposition is brought directly before the House by 
a Member the mover is entitled to prior recognition for motions and 
debate (II, 1446, 1454; VI, 302-305, 417; VIII, 2454, 3231). This 
principle applies to the makers of certain motions. Thus, the Member on 
whose motion the enacting clause of a bill is stricken in Committee of 
the Whole is entitled to prior recognition when the bill is reported to 
the House (V, 5337; VIII, 2629). Where a Member raised an objection in a 
joint session to count the electoral vote, and the Houses separated to 
consider the objection, the Chair first recognized the Member who raised 
the objection (III, 1956; Jan. 6, 2005, p. ----) or a co-signer of the 
objection (Jan. 6, 1969, pp. 145-7). But a Member may not, by offering a 
debatable motion of higher privilege than the pending motion, deprive 
the Member in charge of the bill of possession of the floor for debate 
(II, 1460-1463; VI, 290, 297-299; VIII, 2454, 3193, 3197, 3259). The 
Member in charge of the bill and having the floor may demand the 
previous question, although another Member may propose to offer a motion 
of higher privilege (VIII, 2684); but the motion of higher privilege 
must be put before the previous question (V, 5480; VIII, 2684). The 
Member who has been recognized to call up a measure in the House has 
priority of recognition to move the previous question thereon, even over 
the chairman of the committee reporting that measure (Oct. 1, 1986, p. 
27468). The fact that a Member has the floor on one matter does not 
necessarily entitle him to prior recognition on a motion relating to 
another matter (II, 1464). It is because the Speaker is governed by 
these usages that he often asks, when a Member seeks recognition, ``For 
what purpose does the gentleman rise?''. By this question he determines 
whether the Member proposes business or a motion which is entitled to 
precedence and he may deny recognition (VI, 289-291, 293; Aug. 13, 1982, 
pp. 20969, 20975-78; Speaker Wright, Feb. 17, 1988, p. 1583; Feb. 27, 
1992, p. 3656). For example, a Member's mere revelation that he seeks to 
offer a motion to adjourn does not suffice to make that motion 
``pending,'' and thus the Chair remains able to declare a short recess 
under clause 12 of rule I (Oct. 28, 1997, p. 23524; June 25, 2003, p. --
--). There is no appeal from such denial of recognition (II, 1425; VI, 
292; VIII, 2429, 2646, 2762; Feb. 27, 1992, p. 3656). Recognition for 
parliamentary inquiry lies in the discretion of the Chair (VI, 541), who 
may take a parliamentary inquiry under advisement (VIII, 2174), 
especially where not related to the pending proceedings (Apr. 7, 1992, 
p. 8273).


Sec. 953. Speaker governed by usage in 
recognitions.

  Although  there is no appeal from the Speaker's recognition, he is 
not a free agent in determining who is to have the floor. The practice 
of the House establishes rules from which he should not depart. For 
example, on February 24, 1994, the Speaker announced a policy with 
respect to recognition for special-order speeches that departed from the 
established practice of recognition by unanimous consent (Deschler, ch. 
21, Sec. 7.1; see Sec. 26, supra). The Speaker's new policy was the 
product of bipartisan negotiations, which justified the departure from 
the then-established practice. The policy became the new established 
practice of the House, from which the Speaker should not depart except 
by unanimous consent. When the order of business brings before the House 
a certain bill he must first recognize, for motions for its disposition, 
the Member who represents the committee which has reported it (II, 1447; 
VI, 306, 514). This is not necessarily the chairman of the committee, 
for a chairman who, in committee, has opposed the bill, must yield the 
prior recognition to a member of his committee who has favored the bill 
(II, 1449). Usually, however, the chairman has charge of the bill and is 
entitled at all stages to prior recognition for



[[Page 733]]

tional time to make their remarks in debate (Dec. 18, 1998, p. 27834; 
May 18, 2004, p. ----).
  The Chair may follow a tradition of the House to allow the highest 
ranking elected leaders (Speaker, Majority Leader, and Minority Leader) 
addi



Sec. 954. Loss of right to recognition by Member in 
charge.

  When  an essential motion made by the Member in charge of a bill is 
decided adversely, the right to prior recognition passes to the Member 
who the Speaker perceives to be leading the opposition to the motion 
(II, 1465-1468; VI, 308). Under this principle control of a measure 
passes when the House disagrees to a recommendation of the committee 
reporting the measure (II, 1469-1472) or when the Committee of the Whole 
reports the measure adversely (IV, 4897; VIII, 2430). Similarly, this 
principle applies when a motion for the previous question is rejected 
(VI, 308). However, a Member who led the opposition to ordering the 
previous question may be preempted by a motion of higher precedence 
(Aug. 13, 1982, pp. 20969, 20975-78). On the other hand, the mere defeat 
of an amendment proposed by the Member in charge does not cause the 
right to prior recognition to pass to an opponent (II, 1478, 1479).


  Rejection of a conference report after the previous question has been 
ordered thereon does not cause recognition to pass to a Member opposed 
to the report, and the manager retains control to offer the initial 
motion to dispose of amendments in disagreement (Speaker Albert, May 1, 
1975, p. 12761). Similarly, the invalidation of a conference report on a 
point of order, which is equivalent to its rejection by the House, does 
not give the Member raising the question of order the right to the floor 
(VIII, 3284) and exerts no effect on the right to recognition (VI, 313). 
In most cases, when the House refuses to order the previous question on 
a conference report, it then rejects the report (II, 1473-1477; V, 
6396). However, control of a Senate amendment reported from conference 
in disagreement passes to an opponent when the House rejects a motion to 
dispose thereof (Aug. 6, 1993, p. 19582).



Sec. 955. Prior right of Members to recognition for 
debate.

  In  debate the members of the committee--except the Committee of 
the Whole (II, 1453)--are entitled to priority of recognition for debate 
(II, 1438, 1448; VI, 306, 307), but a motion to lay a proposition on the 
table is in order before the Member entitled to prior recognition for 
debate has begun his remarks (V, 5391-5395; VI, 412; VIII, 2649, 2650).



[[Page 734]]

  In recognizing for debate under general House rules the Chair 
alternates between those favoring and those opposing the pending matter, 
preferring members of the committee reporting the bill (II, 1439-1444). 
When a member of a committee has occupied the floor in favor of a 
measure the Chair attempts to recognize a Member opposing next, even 
though he be not a member of the committee (II, 1445). The principle of 
alternation is not insisted on rigidly where a limited time is 
controlled by Members, as in the 40 minutes of debate on motions for 
suspension of the rules and the previous question (II, 1442).


[[Page 735]]

context has been construed to apply only to the Minority Leader and not 
to the entire hierarchy of minority leadership, where the Chair had been 
assured that the Minority Leader had been consulted (Apr. 25, 1985, p. 
9415). It is not a proper parliamentary inquiry to ask the Chair to 
indicate which side of the aisle has failed under the Speaker's 
guidelines to clear a unanimous-consent request (Feb. 1, 1996, p. 2260; 
Nov. 22, 2002, p. ----), but the Chair may indicate his cognizance of a 
source of objection for the Record (Feb. 4, 1998, p. 799). In addition, 
with respect to unanimous-consent requests to dispose of Senate 
amendments to House bills on the Speaker's table, the Chair will 
entertain such a request only if made by the chairman of the committee 
with jurisdiction, or by another committee member authorized to make the 
request (Apr. 26, 1984, p. 10194; Feb. 4, 1987, p. 2675; Jan. 3, 1996, 
p. 86; Jan. 4, 1996, pp. 200, 210; Deschler, ch. 21, Sec. 1.23). For a 
discussion of recognition for unanimous-consent requests to vary 
procedures in the Committee of the Whole governed by a special order 
adopted by the House, see Sec. 993, infra.



Sec. 956. Exceptions to the usages constraining the Speaker 
as to recognitions.

  As  to motions to suspend the rules, which are in 
order on Mondays and Tuesdays of each week, the Speaker exercises a 
discretion to decline to recognize (V, 6791-6794, 6845; VIII, 3402-
3404). He also may decline to recognize a Member who desires to ask 
unanimous consent to set aside the rules in order to consider a bill not 
otherwise in order, this being the way of signifying his objection to 
the request. But this authority did not extend to the former Consent 
Calendar. Where the previous question was ordered to passage of a bill 
without intervening motion except recommittal, the Chair declined to 
entertain a unanimous-consent request to further amend the pending bill 
as an exercise of his discretionary power of recognition under this 
clause (Feb. 10, 2000, p. 1019). The Chair has declined to entertain a 
unanimous-consent request to print a separate volume of tributes given 
in memory of a deceased former Member absent concurrence of the Joint 
Committee on Printing (Aug. 1, 1996, p. 21247). The Speaker has 
announced and enforced a policy of conferring recognition for unanimous-
consent requests for the consideration of certain legislation only when 
assured that the majority and minority floor and committee leaderships 
have no objection (see, e.g., Dec. 15, 1981, p. 31590; May 4, 1982, p. 
8613; Nov. 16, 1983, p. 33138; Jan. 25, 1984, p. 354; Jan. 26, 1984, p. 
449; Jan. 31, 1984, p. 1063; Oct. 2, 1984, p. 28516; Feb. 4, 1987, p. 
2675; Jan. 3, 1989, p. 89; Jan. 3, 1991, p. 64; Jan. 5, 1993, p. 106; 
Apr. 4, 1995, p. 12097). This policy includes: (1) requests relating to 
reported bills (July 23, 1993, p. 16820); (2) requests for immediate 
consideration of matters (separately unreported) comprising a portion of 
a measure already passed by the House (Dec. 19, 1985, p. 38356); (3) 
requests to consider a motion to suspend the rules and pass an 
unreported bill (on a nonsuspension day) (Aug. 12, 1986, p. 21126; Mar. 
30, 1998, p. 5153); (4) requests to permit consideration of (nongermane) 
amendments to bills (Nov. 14, 1991, p. 32083; Dec. 20, 1995, p. 37877; 
June 27, 2002, p. ----; July 28, 2005, p. ----); (5) requests to permit 
expedited consideration of measures on subsequent days, as by waiving 
the requirement that a bill be referred to committee for 30 legislative 
days before a motion to discharge may be presented under clause 2 of 
rule XV (formerly clause 3 of rule XXVII) (June 9, 1992, p. 13900); (6) 
requests relating to Senate-passed bills on the Speaker's table (Oct. 
25, 1995, p. 29347; Jan. 3, 1996, p. 58; Aug. 2, 1999, p. 18942), 
including one identical to a House-passed bill (Feb. 4, 1998, p. 799) 
and a Senate concurrent resolution to correct an enrollment (Oct. 20, 
1998, p. 27358); and (7) requests to dispose of Senate amendments to 
House bills on the Speaker's table (Jan. 4, 1996, pp. 200, 210; Nov. 22, 
2002, p. ----). The Speaker will recognize for an ``omnibus'' unanimous-
consent request (one request disposing of various measures) only when 
assured that the request, and each constituent part of the request, has 
been cleared under this policy (Oct. 10, 2002, p. ----; Oct. 16, 2002, 
p. ----; Nov. 14, 2002, p. ----). The Speaker's enforcement of this 
policy is not subject to appeal (Apr. 4, 1995, p. 10298). ``Floor 
leadership'' in this





Sec. 957. The hour rule in debate.

  2.  * * * A Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not occupy more than one hour in 
debate on a question in the House or in the Committee of the Whole House 
on the state of the Union except as otherwise provided in this rule.


  This provision (formerly clause 2 of rule XIV) dates from 1841, when 
the increase of membership had made it necessary to prevent the making 
of long speeches which sometimes occupied three or four hours each (V, 
4978). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 2 of rule XIV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. 47).


[[Page 736]]

time limitations on debate (Jan. 4, 1995, pp. 457-552). The Chair has 
announced that he would accommodate as many unanimous-consent requests 
to insert remarks in debate as necessary provided they comprise a 
simple, declarative statement of the Member's attitude toward the 
pending measure; however, any embellishment of such a request with other 
oratory may become an imposition on the time of the Member who yielded 
for that purpose (see, e.g., Mar. 24, 1995, p. 9215; June 22, 2002, p. 
----; May 9, 2003, p. ----; June 26, 2003, p. ----; July 24, 2003, p. --
--; Nov. 21, 2003, p. ----).
  This provision applies to debate on a question of privilege, as well 
as to debate on other questions (V, 4990; VIII, 2448). When the time for 
debate has been placed within the control of those representing the two 
sides of a question, it must be assigned to Members in accordance with 
this rule (V, 5004, 5005; VIII, 2462). A Member recognized to call up a 
privileged resolution may yield the floor upon expiration of his hour 
without moving the previous question, thereby permitting another Member 
to be recognized for a successive hour (Dec. 18, 1998, p. 27838). Under 
this clause a Member recognized for one hour for a ``special-order'' 
speech in the House may not extend that time, even by unanimous consent 
(Feb. 9, 1966, p. 2794; July 12, 1971, pp. 24594, 24603; Oct. 23, 1997, 
p. 23254). The Chair has advised that he will recognize the managers of 
a measure (as so designated by a special rule governing consideration of 
the measure) for unanimous-consent requests to enlarge the time for 
debate (Oct. 8, 2002, p. ----). In the 104th Congress the Speaker 
announced his intention to strictly enforce


Managing debate
  For a discussion of morning-hour debates and ``Oxford''-style debates, 
see Sec. Sec. 951-952, supra.



958. The opening and closing of general debate.

  3. (a)  The 
Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner who calls up a measure may 
open and close debate thereon. When general debate extends beyond one 
day, that Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner shall be entitled 
to one hour to close without regard to the time used in opening.




Sec. 959. Member to speak but once to the same question; 
right to close controlled debate.

  (b)  Except as provided in paragraph (a), 
a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not speak more than 
once to the same question without leave of the House.



  (c) A manager of a measure who opposes an amendment thereto is 
entitled to close controlled debate thereon.

  Paragraphs (a) and (c) (formerly clause 3 of rule XIV) were adopted in 
1847 and perfected in 1880 (V, 4996). Paragraph (b) (formerly clause 6 
of rule XIV) was adopted in 1789, and amended in 1840 (V, 4991). Before 
the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, paragraphs (a) and 
(c) were found in former clause 3 of rule XIV and paragraph (b) was 
found in former clause 6 of rule XIV. The recodification also added 
paragraph (c) to codify modern practice (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 
47).


[[Page 737]]

manager of the bill who represents the primary committee of jurisdiction 
is entitled to close general debate; for example, as against another 
manager representing an additional committee of jurisdiction (May 13, 
1998, p. 9042, 9050); or as against the subject of a disciplinary 
resolution (July 24, 2002, p. ----). Where an order of the House divides 
debate on an unreported measure among four Members, the Chair will 
recognize for closing speeches in the reverse order of the original 
allocation (Mar. 24, 1999, p. 5454). Where a special order of the House 
allocates time for debate, which is further fractionalized under a later 
order by unanimous consent, the Chair recognizes for closing speeches in 
the reverse order of their original recognitions, concluding with the 
Member who opened the debate. This is true even when the manager who 
opened debate is opposed, as in the case of a measure reported adversely 
(July 22, 1998, p. 16726; July 27, 1999, p. 18012; June 21, 2000, pp. 
11704, 11721; July 26, 2000, p. 16437). In response to a parliamentary 
inquiry, the Chair advised that time unused by a minority manager in 
general debate is considered as yielded back upon recognition of the 
majority manager to close general debate (Feb. 27, 2002, p. ----). For 
further discussion of management of time for general debate and for 
debate on amendments in the Committee of the Whole, see Sec. 978, infra.
  In the later practice this right to close may not be exercised after 
the previous question is ordered (V, 4997-5000). This clause applies to 
general debate in Committee of the Whole (Mar. 26, 1985, p. 6283). A 
majority

  A Member who has spoken once to the main question may speak again to 
an amendment (V, 4993, 4994). It is too late to make the point of order 
that a Member has spoken already if no one claims the floor until he has 
made some progress in his speech (V, 4992). Paragraph (b) is often 
circumscribed by modern practice and by special orders of business that 
vest control of debate in designated Members and permit them to yield 
more than once to other Members (Apr. 5, 2000, p. 4497). For a 
discussion of the right of a Member to speak more than once under the 
five-minute rule, see Sec. 981, infra. The right to close may not be 
exercised after the previous question has been ordered (V, 4997-5000). 
The right to close does not belong to a Member who has merely moved to 
reconsider the vote on a bill which he did not report (V, 4995). The 
right of a contestant in an election case to close when he is permitted 
to speak in the contest has been a matter of discussion (V, 5001).


[[Page 738]]

will assume that the manager of a measure is representing the committee 
of jurisdiction even where the measure called up is unreported (Apr. 15, 
1996, p. 7421; July 24, 1998, p. 17263), where an unreported compromise 
text is made in order as original text in lieu of committee amendments 
(Oct. 19, 1995, p. 28650), or where the committee reported the measure 
without recommendation (Feb. 12, 1997, pp. 2108, 2109). Where the 
pending text includes a provision recommended by a committee of 
sequential referral, a member of that committee is entitled to close 
debate against an amendment thereto (June 15, 1989, pp. 12084-87). Where 
the rule providing for the consideration of an unreported measure 
designates managers who do not serve on a committee of jurisdiction, 
those managers are entitled to close controlled debate against an 
amendment thereto (Sept. 18, 1997, p. 19325). The majority manager of 
the bill will be recognized to control time in opposition to an 
amendment thereto, without regard to the party affiliation of the 
proponent, where the special order allocated control to ``a Member 
opposed'' (May 13, 1998, p. 9110). The right to close debate in 
opposition to an amendment devolves to a member of the committee of 
jurisdiction who derived debate time by unanimous consent from a manager 
who originally had the right to close debate (Sept. 10, 1998, pp. 19961-
63). Such right to close may not devolve to the manager of a bill who 
derived debate time by unanimous consent from a non-committee Member 
controlling time in opposition because that right may be transferred 
only where there has been an unbroken line of committee affiliation in 
opposition to the amendment (July 17, 2003, p. ----). The proponent of a 
first-degree amendment who controls time in opposition to a second-
degree amendment that favors the original bill over the first-degree 
amendment does not qualify as a ``manager'' within the meaning of clause 
3(c) of rule XVII in opposing (June 15, 2000, pp. 11040, 11047).
  As codified in paragraph (c), the manager of a bill or other 
representative of the committee position and not the proponent of an 
amendment has the right to close debate on an amendment on which debate 
has been limited and allocated under the five-minute rule in Committee 
of the Whole (VIII, 2581; July 16, 1981, p. 16043; Apr. 4, 1984, p. 
7841; June 5, 1985, p. 14302; July 10, 1985, p. 18496; Oct. 24, 1985, p. 
28824; May 2, 1988, p. 9638; May 5, 1988, p. 9961; July 26, 2002, p. --
--), including the minority manager (June 29, 1984, p. 20253; Aug. 14, 
1986, p. 21660; July 26, 1989, p. 16403; Oct. 27, 1997, p. 23212; July 
26, 2002, p. ----) and including the manager of a measure that was 
reported adversely (Feb. 13, 2002, p. ----). This is so even where the 
manager is also the proponent of a pending amendment to the amendment 
(Mar. 16, 1983, p. 5792). The Chair


[[Page 739]]

a measure is being managed by a single reporting committee and the 
Member controlling time in opposition, though a member of the committee 
having jurisdiction over the amendment, does not represent the reporting 
committee (Nov. 9, 1995, p. 31964).

Call to order
  Under certain circumstances, however, the proponent of the amendment 
may close debate where he represents the position of the reporting 
committee (Aug. 14, 1986, p. 21660); for example, the proponent of a 
``manager's amendment'' may close controlled debate thereon where a 
member of the committee does not claim time in opposition (May 13, 1998, 
p. 9092). Similarly, the proponent may close debate where neither a 
committee representative nor a Member assigned a managerial role by the 
governing special order oppose the amendment (Aug. 15, 1986, p. 22057; 
May 6, 1998, pp. 8307, 8316; July 14, 1998, p. 15321; July 17, 2003, p. 
----). Where a committee representative is allocated control of time in 
opposition to an amendment not by recognition from the Chair but by 
unanimous-consent request of a third Member who was allocated the time 
by the Chair, then the committee representative is not entitled to close 
debate as against the proponent (July 24, 1997, pp. 15684, 15685, 
15689). Similarly, the proponent of the amendment may close debate where 
no representative from the reporting committee opposes an amendment to a 
multijurisdictional bill (Mar. 9, 1995, p. 7467); where the measure is 
unreported and has no ``manager'' under the terms of a special rule 
(Apr. 24, 1985, p. 9206); or where



960. The call to order for words spoken in 
debate.

  4. (a)  If a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner, in speaking 
or otherwise, transgresses the Rules of the House, the Speaker shall, or 
a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may, call to order the 
offending Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner, who shall 
immediately sit down unless permitted on motion of another Member, 
Delegate, or the Resident Commissioner to explain. If a Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner is called to order, the Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner making the call to order shall 
indicate the words excepted to, which shall be taken down in writing at 
the Clerk's desk and read aloud to the House.



[[Page 740]]

call to order, and may not be subject to the censure of the House 
therefor, if further debate or other business has intervened.

  (b) The Speaker shall decide the validity of a call to order. The 
House, if appealed to, shall decide the question without debate. If the 
decision is in favor of the Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner 
called to order, the Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner shall be 
at liberty to proceed, but not otherwise. If the case requires it, an 
offending Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner shall be liable to 
censure or such other punishment as the House may consider proper. A 
Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not be held to answer a

  The first sentence of paragraph (a) and all but the last sentence of 
paragraph (b) (formerly clause 4 of rule XIV) was adopted in 1789 and 
amended in 1822 and 1880 (V, 5175). The last sentence of paragraph (a) 
and the last sentence of paragraph (b) (formerly clause 5 of rule XIV) 
was adopted in 1837 and amended in 1880, although the practice of 
writing down objectionable words had been established in 1808. When the 
House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, it consolidated former 
clauses 4 and 5 of rule XIV into a single clause (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. 47).



Sec. 961. Words taken down and other calls to order 
for unparliamentary debate.

  Members  transgressing the rules of debate and 
decorum may be called to order by the Speaker (VIII, 2481, 2521, 3479), 
a Member (II, 1344; V, 5154, 5161-5163, 5175, 5192), or a Delegate (II, 
1295). A Member may initiate a call to order either by making a point of 
order that a Member is transgressing the rules or by formally demanding 
that words be taken down under this clause (Sept. 12, 1996, pp. 22897, 
22899; Sept. 17, 1996, p. 23426; Sept. 18, 1996, p. 23535; Sept. 25, 
1996, p. 24759). A Member's comportment in debate may constitute a 
breach of decorum even though the content of the Member's speech is not, 
itself, unparliamentary (July 29, 1994, p. 18609). Except for naming the 
offending Member, the Speaker may not otherwise censure or punish him 
(II, 1345; VI, 237; Sept. 18, 1996, p. 23535; see also Sec. 366, supra). 
The House may by proper motions under this clause dictate the 
consequences of a ruling by the Chair that a Member was out of order 
(May 26, 1983, p. 14048). As an exercise of recognition, the Chair's 
determination that a Member's time in debate has expired is not subject 
to appeal (Mar. 22, 1996 p. 6086; see also Sec. Sec. 622, 629, supra). 
Furthermore, a Member speaking while not under recognition (as when 
speaking beyond the allotted time) is not entitled to in-House 
amplification (Mar. 16, 1988, p. 4081; see also Sec. 684, supra).



[[Page 741]]

will of the House on the question of his proceeding in order (Speaker 
O'Neill, June 16, 1982, p. 13843; July 29, 1994, p. 18609; Sept. 18, 
1996, p. 23535). The Chair may admonish a Member for words spoken in 
debate and request that they be removed from the Record even before a 
demand that the words be taken down (Sept. 24, 1992, p. 27345).
  As discussed in Sec. 374, supra, it is customary for the Chair to 
initiate the call to order of a Member who engages in personality in 
debate with respect to Members of the Senate, including an insertion in 
the Record (Speaker Albert, Apr. 17, 1975, p. 10458; Oct. 7, 1975, p. 
32055; Feb. 27, 1997, pp. 2784, 2785). On the other hand, it is 
customary for the Chair to await an initiative from the floor to call to 
order a Member who engages in personality in debate with respect to 
another Member of the House (June 29, 1987, p. 18072; Jan. 4, 1995, p. 
551; Feb. 27, 1997, pp. 2784, 2785). The Chair may take initiative to 
call to order a Member engaging in verbal outburst either following 
expiration of his recognition for debate (Mar. 16, 1988, p. 4081) or 
during recognition of another Member (June 5, 2003, p. ----). He may 
order the offending Member to take his seat (June 5, 2003, p. ----) or 
may deny further recognition, subject to the

  This clause (formerly clause 5) prohibits the taking down of words 
after intervening business (V, 5177; VIII, 2536; Sept. 16, 1991, p. 
23032; Mar. 28, 1996, p. 6934). However, a Member on his feet and 
seeking recognition at the appropriate time may yet be recognized to 
demand that words be taken down even though brief debate may have 
intervened, and a request that a Member uttering objectionable words 
yield does not forfeit the right to demand that the words be taken down 
(VIII, 2528). Action taken by the Chair to determine whether a point of 
order from the floor is intended as a demand that words be taken down is 
not such intervening debate or business as would render the demand 
untimely (Oct. 2, 1984, p. 28522). Similarly, a parliamentary inquiry 
concerning the propriety of words just spoken in debate does not render 
untimely a demand that the words be taken down as unparliamentary (May 
6, 2004, p. ----). However, an improper parliamentary inquiry concerning 
the substantive content of the words does render untimely such demand 
(July 20, 2005, p. ----). Although under this clause a Member may not be 
held to answer a call to order if further debate or business has 
intervened, the Chair may under clause 2 of rule I generally admonish 
Members to preserve proper decorum even after intervening debate (Dec. 
5, 2001, p. ----). For instances in which the Chair admonished Members 
for improper references to the Senate after brief intervening debate, 
see Sec. 371, supra.

  While a demand that a Member's words be taken down is pending, that 
Member should be seated immediately (July 29, 1994, p. 18609; Jan. 25, 
1995, p. 2352), and no Member may engage the Chair until the demand has 
been disposed of (Nov. 9, 1995, p. 31913; Nov. 14, 1995, p. 32472). 
Where two Members consecutively demand that each others' words be taken 
down as unparliamentary, the Chair advises both Members to be seated and 
then directs the Clerk to report the first words objected to (June 19, 
1996, p. 14655). An offending Member may be directed by the Chair to be 
seated even if a formal demand that the Member's words be taken down is 
not pending; for example, where a Member declines to proceed in order at 
the directive of the Chair after points of order have been sustained 
against unparliamentary references in debate, the Chair may, under rule 
I and this rule, deny the Member further recognition as a disposition of 
the question of order, subject to the will of the House on the question 
of proceeding in order (Sept. 12, 1996, p. 22900; Sept. 17, 1996, p. 
23427; Sept. 18, 1996, p. 23535; see also Sec. 366, supra).


[[Page 742]]

his demand that words be taken down before a ruling by the Chair (June 
18, 1986, p. 14232).
  The Chair may entertain a unanimous-consent request to withdraw or 
modify words taken down either before (Deschler-Brown, ch. 29, 
Sec. 51.1) or after (Deschler-Brown, ch. 29, Sec. 51.2) the words have 
been reported to the House. Unanimous consent is not required for a 
Member to withdraw

  The words having been read from the desk, the Chair decides whether 
they are in order (II, 1249; V, 5163, 5169, 5187), as read by the Clerk 
and not as otherwise alleged to have been uttered (June 9, 1992, p. 
13902). When a Member denies that the words taken down are the exact 
words used by himself, the question as to the words is put to the House 
for decision (V, 5179, 5180). Where demands are made to take down words 
both as spoken in a one-minute speech and as reiterated when the 
offending Member is permitted by unanimous consent to explain, the Chair 
may rule simultaneously on both (July 25, 1996, p. 19170). A decision of 
the Chair on words taken down is subject to appeal (Sept. 28, 1996, p. 
25780; Apr. 9, 2003, p. ----).

  The rule permits a motion that an offending Member be permitted to 
explain before the Chair rules on the words taken down, and the Chair 
has discretion to ask for explanation before ruling on the words (Feb. 
1, 1940, p. 954). The Chair also may recognize an offending Member, 
permitted by unanimous consent, to explain words ruled out of order 
(Nov. 10, 1971, p. 40442).

  If words taken down are ruled out of order, the Member loses the floor 
(V, 5196-5199; Jan. 25, 1995, p. 2352) and may not proceed on the same 
day without the permission of the House (Jan. 29, 1946, p. 533; Aug. 21, 
1974, p. 29652; Jan. 25, 1995, p. 2352; Apr. 17, 1997, p. 5832), even on 
yielded time (V, 5147), and may not insert unspoken remarks in the 
Record (Jan. 25, 1995, p. 2352), but still may exercise his right to 
vote or to demand the yeas and nays (VIII, 2546). The ruling does not 
take the issue off the floor, and other Members may proceed to debate 
the same subject (July 25, 1996, p. 19170). The offending Member will 
not lose the floor if the House permits the Member to proceed in order 
(see, e.g., May 10, 1990, p. 9992), which motion may be stated on the 
initiative of the Chair (Oct. 8, 1991, p. 25757; Mar. 29, 1995, p. 9676; 
July 25, 1996, p. 1970; June 13, 2002, p. ----) or offered by any Member 
(July 25, 1996, p. 1970). The motion is not inconsistent with the 
immediate consequence of the call to order because this clause (formerly 
clause 4) also permits the House to determine the extent of the sanction 
for a given breach (Oct. 10, 1991, p. 26102). The motion is debatable 
within narrow limits of relevance under the hour rule, and consequently 
also is subject to the motion to lay on the table (Speaker Foley, Oct. 
8, 1991, p. 25757).


[[Page 743]]

will of the House, as by a vote on the question whether the Member 
should be permitted to proceed in order (Sept. 12, 1996, p. 22899; Sept. 
17, 1996, p. 23426; Sept. 18, 1996, p. 23535; Sept. 25, 1996, p. 24759).
  Where a Member has been called to order not in response to a formal 
demand that words be taken down but in response to a point of order, the 
former practice was to test the opinion of the House by a motion ``that 
the gentleman be allowed to proceed in order'' (V, 5188, 5189; VIII, 
2534). Under the modern practice the Chair either may invite the 
offending Member to proceed in order (see, e.g., Sept. 12, 1996, p. 
22898) or, particularly where admonitions have been ignored, may deny 
the Member recognition for the balance of the time for which he was 
recognized, subject to the

  Words taken down and ruled out of order by the Chair are subject to a 
motion that they be stricken or expunged from the Record. This motion 
has precedence (VIII, 2538-2541; Aug. 21, 1974, p. 29652). Unanimous 
consent to expunge such words often is granted upon the initiative of 
the Chair (May 10, 1990, p. 9992; June 13, 2002, p. ----), and is 
debatable within narrow limits (VIII, 2539; Speaker Martin, June 12, 
1947, p. 6896). However, the motion may not be entertained in the 
Committee of the Whole (Feb. 18, 1941, p. 1126) or offered by the Member 
called to order (Feb. 11, 1941, pp. 894, 899), although that Member may 
ask unanimous consent to withdraw his words (VIII, 2528, 2538, 2540, 
2543, 2544; July 16, 1998, p. 15827; June 28, 2000, pp. 12771, 12776).

  When disorderly words are spoken in the Committee of the Whole, they 
are taken down and read at the Clerk's desk, and the Committee rises 
automatically (VIII, 2533, 2538, 2539) and reports them to the House 
(II, 1257-1259, 1348). Action in the House on words reported from the 
Committee of the Whole is limited to the words reported (VIII, 2528), 
and it is not in order as a question of privilege in the House to 
propose censure of a Member for disorderly words spoken in Committee of 
the Whole but not reported therefrom (V, 5202). After words reported to 
the House from Committee of the Whole have been disposed of (by decision 
of the Chair and any associated action by the House), the Committee 
resumes its sitting without motion (VIII, 2539, 2541).

  The House has censured a Member for disorderly words (II, 1253, 1254, 
1259, 1305; VI, 236). The House may proceed to censure or other action 
although business may have intervened in certain exceptional cases, such 
as when disorderly words are part of an occurrence constituting a breach 
of privilege (II, 1657), when a Member's language has been investigated 
by a committee (II, 1655), when a Member has reiterated on the floor 
certain published charges (III, 2637), when a Member has uttered words 
alleged to be treasonable (II, 1252), or when a Member has uttered an 
attack on the Speaker (II, 1248; Jan. 4, 1995, p. 551; Jan. 19, 1995, p. 
1599).


Comportment
  For a discussion of resolving the use of objectional exhibits that are 
a breach of decorum, see Sec. 622, supra; and for a discussion of 
resolving the use of objectional exhibits that are not necessarily a 
breach of decorum, see clause 6, Sec. 963, infra.


[[Page 744]]

Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner is speaking, a Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not pass between the person 
speaking and the Chair. During the session of the House, a Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not wear a hat or remain by the 
Clerk's desk during the call of the roll or the counting of ballots. A 
person may not smoke or use a wireless telephone or personal computer on 
the floor of the House. The Sergeant-at-Arms is charged with the strict 
enforcement of this clause.



962. Decorum of Members in the Hall.

  5.  When the Speaker is 
putting a question or addressing the House, a Member, Delegate, or 
Resident Commissioner may not walk out of or across the Hall. When a


  Until the 104th Congress this clause (formerly clause 7 of rule XIV) 
was made up of provisions adopted in 1789, 1837, 1871, and 1896. In the 
104th Congress a reference to the former Doorkeeper was deleted and a 
prohibition against using any personal electronic office equipment was 
added (secs. 201 and 223, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, pp. 463, 469). 
However, that prohibition was modified in the 108th Congress to cover 
only a wireless telephone or personal computer (sec. 2(k), H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 7, 2003, p. ----). Before the House recodified its rules in the 
106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 7 of rule XIV 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 47).


[[Page 745]]

  Originally Members wore their hats during sessions, as in Parliament, 
and the custom was not abolished until 1837 (II, 1136). In the 103d 
Congress the Speaker announced that the prohibition against Members 
wearing hats included doffing the hat in tribute to a group (Speaker 
Foley, June 22, 1993, p. 13569; June 10, 1996, p. 13560). In the 96th 
Congress the Speaker announced that he considered as proper the 
customary and traditional attire for Members, including a coat and tie 
for male Members and appropriate attire for female Members (where 
thermostat controls had been raised in the summer to conserve energy); 
the House then adopted a resolution, offered as a question of the 
privileges of the House, requiring Members to wear proper attire as 
determined by the Speaker, and denying noncomplying Members the 
privilege of the floor (July 17, 1979, pp. 19008, 19073). In the 106th 
Congress Members were reminded of the need to be in proper attire in the 
Chamber (June 28, 2000, p. 12654), and the Chair has so admonished a 
Member speaking in debate without his jacket (Apr. 3, 2001, p. 5361). In 
the 97th Congress, the Speaker announced during a vote by electronic 
device that Members were not permitted under the traditions of the House 
to wear overcoats on the House floor (Dec. 16, 1981, p. 31847).

  The prohibition against using personal electronic office equipment was 
affirmed by response to a parliamentary inquiry (Feb. 23, 1995, p. 
5639). The Chair announced that the use of cellular telephones was not 
permitted on the floor of the House or in the gallery (July 13, 1999, p. 
15744; Oct. 7, 1999, p. 24415; Jan. 27, 2000, p. 132) and that Members 
should disable wireless telephones on entering the Chamber (e.g., June 
12, 2000, p. 10369; July 19, 2000, p. 15344; Oct. 10, 2000, p. 22021; 
Oct. 19, 2000, p. 23616; May 13, 2004, p. ----).

  Smoking is not permitted in the Hall during sessions of the House 
(Oct. 15, 1990, p. 29248), nor during sittings of the Committee of the 
Whole (Aug. 14, 1986, p. 21707); and the prohibition extends to smoking 
behind the rail (Feb. 23, 1995, p. 5640).

  On the opening day of the 101st Congress, the Speaker prefaced his 
customary announcement of policies concerning such aspects of the 
legislative process as recognition for unanimous-consent requests and 
privileges of the floor with a general statement concerning decorum in 
the House, including particular adjurations against engaging in 
personalities, addressing remarks to spectators, and passing in front of 
the Member addressing the Chair (Jan. 3, 1989, p. 88; see also Jan. 5, 
1993, p. 105; Jan. 4, 1995, p. 551). In the 104th Congress the Speaker 
announced: (1) that Members should not traffic, or linger in, the well 
of the House while another Member is speaking (Feb. 3, 1995, p. 3541; 
Mar. 3, 1995, p. 6721; Dec. 15, 1995, p. 37111), including Members who 
may have been invited to the well by the Member speaking (June 12, 2003, 
p. ----); and (2) that Members should not engage in disruption while 
another Member is speaking (Dec. 20, 1995, p. 37878). Under this 
provision the Chair may require a line of Members waiting to sign a 
discharge petition to proceed to the rostrum from the far right-hand 
aisle and require the line not to stand between the Chair and Members 
engaging in debate (Oct. 24, 1997, p. 23293).

  Hissing and jeering is not proper decorum in the House (May 21, 1998, 
p. 10282).


Exhibits
  A former Member must observe proper decorum under this clause, and the 
Chair may direct the Sergeant-at-Arms to assist the Chair in maintaining 
such decorum (Sept. 17, 1997, p. 19027). In the 105th Congress the House 
adopted a resolution offered as a question of the privileges of the 
House alleging indecorous behavior of a former Member and instructing 
the Sergeant-at-Arms to ban the former Member from the floor, and rooms 
leading thereto, until the resolution of a contested election to which 
he was party (H. Res. 233, Sept. 18, 1997, p. 19340).


[[Page 746]]

in his discretion, may submit the question of its use to the House 
without debate.



963. Objections to use of exhibits.

  6.  When the use of an 
exhibit in debate is objected to by a Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner, the Chair,


  This provision was rewritten in the 103d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 
1993, p. 49) to address the use of exhibits in debate rather than the 
reading from papers. As rewritten in the 103d Congress, an objection to 
the use of an exhibit automatically triggered a vote by the House on its 
use. The clause was amended in the 107th Congress to permit the Chair in 
his discretion to submit the question of its use to the House (sec. 
2(o), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. 25). Before the House recodified its 
rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former rule XXX 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 47).

  When the use of an exhibit in debate was objected to before the clause 
was rewritten in the 107th Congress, the Chair immediately put the 
question on whether use of the exhibit would be permitted (the Chair was 
not determining a breach of decorum under clause 2 of rule I) (Nov. 1, 
1995, p. 31154; Nov. 10, 1995, p. 20689; July 31, 1996, p. 20689). The 
Chair put the question without debate, and without requiring the 
objecting Member to state the basis for the objection (Nov. 10, 1995, p. 
20689). As such, an objection under this rule was not a point of order: 
it could have been resolved by withdrawal of the exhibit; that failing, 
it amounted to a demand that the Chair put to the House the question 
whether the exhibit may be used (July 31, 1996, p. 20700).

  It is not a proper parliamentary inquiry to ask the Chair to judge the 
accuracy or authenticity of the content of an exhibit (Nov. 10, 1995, p. 
32142; July 11, 2001, p. ----). The Chair has held that a second 
virtually consecutive invocation of this provision, resulting in a 
second pair of votes on use of a chart and on reconsideration thereof, 
was not dilatory under former clause 10 of rule XVI (current clause 1 of 
rule XVI) or former clause 4(b) of rule XI (current clause 6(b) of rule 
XIII) (July 31, 1996, p. 20700). It is not in order to request that the 
voting display be turned on during debate as an exhibit to accompany a 
Member's debate (Oct. 12, 1998, p. 25770). For a discussion of the 
Speaker's responsibility to preserve decorum that may require that he 
disallow the use of exhibits in debate that would be demeaning to the 
House, or to any Member of the House, or that would be disruptive of the 
decorum thereof, see Sec. 622, supra.


[[Page 747]]

a report, the reading of it could be demanded as a matter of right, but 
the latest ruling left to the House to determine whether or not an 
accompanying record of testimony should be read (V, 5261, 5262). In 
general the reading of a report was held to be in the nature of debate 
(V, 5292); but where a report presented facts and conclusions but no 
legislative proposition, it was read if submitted for action (IV, 4663). 
Where a paper is offered as involving a matter of privilege it may be 
read to the House (III, 2597; VI, 606; VIII, 2599), rather than by the 
Speaker privately (III, 2546), but a Member may not, as a matter of 
right, require the reading of a book or paper on suggestion that it 
contains matter infringing on the privileges of the House (V, 5258).


Sec. 964. History of former rule on reading of 
papers.

  The earlier  form of the rule (formerly rule XXX), originally adopted in 
1794 and amended in 1802 and 1880 (V, 5257), addressed reading from 
papers. It recognized the right of a Member under the general 
parliamentary law to have read the paper on which the House is to vote 
(V, 5258), but when that paper had been read once, the reading could not 
be repeated unless by order of the House (V, 5260). The right could be 
abrogated by suspension of the rules (V, 5278-5284; VIII, 3400); but was 
not abrogated simply by the fact that the current procedure was taking 
place under the rule for suspension (V, 5273-5277). On a motion to refer


  The former rule XXX prohibiting the reading of papers in debate was 
held to apply to the exhibition of articles as evidence or in 
exemplification in debate (VIII, 2452, 2453; June 2, 1937, p. 6104; Aug. 
5, 1949, p. 10859), and the new form of the rule adopted in the 103d 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1993, p. 49) marks the modern relevance of 
that application. While Members may use exhibits such as charts during 
debate subject to this rule, the Speaker may, pursuant to his authority 
to preserve order and decorum under rule I (see Sec. 622, supra), direct 
the removal of a chart from the well of the House which is not being 
utilized during debate (Apr. 1, 1982, p. 6304), or which is otherwise 
disruptive of decorum.



[[Page 748]]

Galleries


Sec. 965. Earlier practice.

  The reading  of papers other than 
the one on which the vote was about to be taken was usually permitted 
without question (V, 5258), and the Member in debate usually read such 
papers as he pleased. However, this privilege was subject to the 
authority of the House if another Member objected (V, 5285-5291; VIII, 
2597, 2602; Dec. 19, 1974, p. 41425; Dec. 10, 1987, p. 34669). This 
principle applied even to the Member's own written speech (V, 5258; 
VIII, 2598), to a report which he proposed to have read in his own time 
or to read in his place (V, 5293), and to excerpts from the 
Congressional Record (VIII, 2597). After the previous question was 
ordered, a Member could not ask the decision of the House on a request 
for the reading of a paper not before the House for action (V, 5296), 
even though it be the report of the committee (V, 5294, 5295). For 
further discussion, see Sec. Sec. 432-436, supra. Pursuant to the former 
form of this rule, the consent of the House for a Member to read a paper 
in debate only permitted the Member seeking such permission to read as 
much of the paper as possible in the time yielded or allotted to that 
Member, and did not necessarily grant permission to read or to insert 
the entire document (Mar. 1, 1979, p. 3748). Where a Member objected to 
another's reading from a paper, the Chair put the question without 
debate. It was not in order under the guise of parliamentary inquiry to 
debate that question by indicating that the objection was a dilatory 
tactic (Dec. 10, 1987, p. 34672).





966. Gallery occupants not to be introduced.

  7.  During a 
session of the House, it shall not be in order for a Member, Delegate, 
or Resident Commissioner to introduce to or to bring to the attention of 
the House an occupant in the galleries of the House. The Speaker may not 
entertain a request for the suspension of this rule by unanimous consent 
or otherwise.



Congressional Record
  This clause was adopted April 10, 1933 (VI, 197). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former clause 8 of rule XIV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 47). The Chair 
enforces this clause on his own initiative (Deschler-Brown, ch. 29, 
Sec. Sec. 45.4, 45.7).



967. Revisions of remarks in debate.

  8. (a)  The 
Congressional Record shall be a substantially verbatim account of 
remarks made during the proceedings of the House, subject only to 
technical, grammatical, and typographical corrections authorized by the 
Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner making the remarks.


  (b) Unparliamentary remarks may be deleted only by permission or order 
of the House.




Sec. 968. Standard of conduct.

  (c)  This clause establishes a 
standard of conduct within the meaning of clause 3(a)(2) of rule XI.



[[Page 749]]

Record by unanimous consent only (Mar. 20, 2002, p. ----). Remarks 
uttered while not under recognition (such as when a Member fails to heed 
the gavel at the expiration of debate time) do not appear in the Record 
(e.g., May 22, 2003, p. ----; Oct. 2, 2003, p. ----; May 19, 2004, p. --
--). Paragraph (a) also applies to statements and rulings of the Chair 
(Jan. 20, 1995, p. 1866). For a discussion of rules relating to the 
Congressional Record, see Sec. Sec. 685-692, supra.

Secret sessions
  This clause was adopted in the 104th Congress (sec. 213, H. Res. 6, 
Jan. 4, 1995, p. 468). Before the House recodified its rules in the 
106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 9 of rule XIV 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 47). Under paragraph (a) a unanimous-
consent request to revise and extend remarks permits a Member (1) to 
make technical, grammatical, and typographical corrections to remarks 
uttered and (2) to include in the Record additional remarks not uttered 
to appear in a distinctive typeface; however, such a unanimous-consent 
request does not permit a Member to remove remarks actually uttered 
(Jan. 4, 1995, p. 541). For example, remarks held irrelevant by the 
Chair may be removed from the




969. Secret session of the House.

  9.  When confidential 
communications are received from the President, or when the Speaker or a 
Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner informs the House that he has 
communications that he believes ought to be kept secret for the present, 
the House shall be cleared of all persons except the Members, Delegates, 
Resident Commissioner, and officers of the House for the reading of such 
communications, and debates and proceedings thereon, unless otherwise 
ordered by the House.


  This provision (formerly rule XXIX), in a somewhat different form, was 
adopted in 1792, although secret sessions had been held by the House 
before that date. They continued to be held at times with considerable 
frequency until 1830. In 1880, at the time of the general revision of 
the rules, the House concluded to retain the rule, although it had been 
long in disuse (V, 7247; VI, 434). Before the House recodified its rules 
in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former rule XXIX (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 47).

  The two Houses have legislated in secret session, transmitting their 
messages also in secrecy (V, 7250); but the House has declined to be 
bound to secrecy by act of the Senate (V, 7249). Motions to remove the 
injunction of secrecy should be made with closed doors (V, 7254). In 
1843 a confidential message from the President was referred without 
reading; but no motion was made for a secret session (V, 7255).


[[Page 750]]

that the Member has a secret communication to make to the House (June 6, 
1978, p. 16376).
  The House and not the Committee of the Whole determines whether the 
Committee may sit in executive session, and an inquiry relative to 
whether the Committee of the Whole should sit in secret session is 
properly addressed to the Speaker and not to the Chairman of the 
Committee of the Whole (May 9, 1950, p. 6746; June 6, 1978, p. 16376; 
June 20, 1979, p. 15710). A Member seeking to offer the motion that the 
House resolve itself into secret session must qualify, as provided by 
the rule, by asserting

  On June 20, 1979, the House adopted by voice vote a motion that the 
House resolve itself into secret session pursuant to this rule (the 
first such occasion since 1830), where the Member offering the motion 
had ensured the Speaker that he had confidential communications to make 
to the House as required by the rule (pp. 15711-13). The Speaker pro 
tempore announced on that occasion before the commencement of the secret 
session that the galleries would be cleared of all persons, that the 
Chamber would be cleared of all persons except Members and those 
officers and employees specified by the Speaker whose attendance was 
essential to the functioning of the secret session, who would be 
required to sign an oath of secrecy, and that all proceedings in the 
secret session must be kept secret until otherwise ordered by the House 
(June 20, 1979, pp. 15711-13). Where the House has concluded a secret 
session and has not voted to release the transcripts of that session, 
the injunction of secrecy remains and the Speaker may informally refer 
the transcripts to appropriate committees for their evaluation and 
report to the House as to ultimate disposition to be made (June 20, 
1979, pp. 15711-13).

  The following procedures apply during a secret session. The motion for 
a secret session is not debatable (June 20, 1979, p. 15711; Mar. 31, 
1998, p. 5229). The Member who offers the motion may be recognized for 
one hour of debate after the House resolves into secret session, and the 
normal rules of debate, including the principle that no motions would be 
in order unless he yields for that purpose, apply. The Speaker having 
found that a Member has qualified to make the motion for a secret 
session, having confidential communications to make, no point of order 
lies that the material in question must be submitted to the Members to 
make that determination (the motion for a secret session having been 
adopted by the House). No point of order lies in secret session that 
employees designated by the Speaker as essential to the proceedings, who 
have signed an oath of secrecy, may not be present. A motion in secret 
session to make public the proceedings therein is debatable for one 
hour, within narrow limits of relevancy. At the conclusion of debate in 
secret session, a Member may be recognized to offer a motion that the 
session be dissolved (July 17, 1979, pp. 19057-59).


[[Page 751]]

1980, p. 3618). Another secret session was held in the 98th Congress 
pending consideration of a bill amending the Intelligence Authorization 
Act to prohibit United States support for military or paramilitary 
operations in Nicaragua (July 19, 1983, p. 19776).
  The House conducted another secret session in the 96th Congress to 
receive confidential communications consisting of classified information 
in the possession of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Permanent 
Select Committee on Intelligence, which those committees had authorized 
to be used in a secret session of the House if ordered; on that occasion 
the Speaker overruled a point of order against the motion for a secret 
session since the Speaker must rely on the assurance of a Member that he 
has confidential communications to make to the House, and since the 
Speaker was aware that the committee with possession of the materials 
had authorized those materials to be used in a secret session (Feb. 25,

  The House may subsequently by unanimous consent order printed in the 
Congressional Record proceedings in secret session, with appropriate 
deletions and revisions agreeable to the committees to which the secret 
transcript has been referred for review (July 17, 1979, p. 19049).




  Under his authority in clause 3 of rule I, the Speaker may convene a 
classified briefing for Members on the House floor when the House is not 
in session (e.g., Mar. 18, 1999, p. 4863).