[Constitution, Jefferson's Manual, and the Rules of the House of Representatives, 107th Congress]
[107th Congress]
[House Document 106-320]
[Rules of the House of Representatives]
[Pages 327-917]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]



========================================================================

[[Page 325]]
 
                  RULES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                                  with


========================================================================

[[Page 327]]

                          NOTES AND ANNOTATIONS


    RULES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, WITH NOTES AND ANNOTATIONS



                               __________

                                 Rule I


Approval of the Journal
                               the speaker




Sec. 621. Journal; Speaker's approval.

  1. The Speaker shall take the Chair on every legislative day precisely 
at the hour to which the House last adjourned and immediately call the 
House to order.  Having 
examined and approved the Journal of the last day's proceedings, the 
Speaker shall announce to the House his approval thereof. The Speaker's 
approval of the Journal shall be deemed agreed to unless a Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner demands a vote thereon. If such a 
vote is decided in the affirmative, it shall not be subject to a motion 
to reconsider. If such a vote is decided in the negative, then one 
motion that the Journal be read shall be privileged, shall be decided 
without debate, and shall not be subject to a motion to reconsider.


  This clause was adopted in 1789, amended in 1811, 1824 (II, 1310), 
1971 (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, pp. 140-44, with the implementation of 
the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970, 84 Stat. 1140), and 1979 (H. 
Res. 5, 96th Cong., Jan. 15, 1979, pp. 7, 16). Clerical and stylistic 
changes were effected when the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 328]]

95th Congress, the House by standing order formalized the practice of 
varying its convening time to accommodate committee meetings on certain 
days of the week and to maximize time for floor action on other days (H. 
Res. 7, Jan. 4, 1977, p. 70; H. Res. 949, Jan. 19, 1978, p. 108; H. Res. 
9, Jan. 15, 1979, p. 17; H. Res. 522, Jan. 22, 1980, p. 188; H. Res. 8, 
Jan. 5, 1981, p. 114; H. Res. 313, Jan. 25, 1982, p. 62; H. Res. 8, Jan. 
3, 1983, p. 51; H. Res. 388, Jan. 23, 1984, p. 74; H. Res. 9, Jan. 3, 
1985, p. 414; H. Res. 355, Jan. 21, 1986, p. 2; H. Res. 7, Jan. 6, 1987, 
p. 19; H. Res. 348, Jan. 25, 1988, p. 39; H. Res. 7, Jan. 3, 1989, p. 
82; H. Res. 304, Jan. 23, 1990, p. 3; H. Res. 7, Jan. 3, 1991, p. 63; H. 
Res. 330, Jan. 28, 1992, p. 684; H. Res. 7, Jan. 5, 1993, p. 101; H. 
Res. 327, Jan. 25, 1994, p. 88; H. Res. 8, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 547; H. Res. 
327, Jan. 3, 1996, p. 36; H. Res. 9, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----; H. Res. 337, 
Jan. 27, 1998, p. ----; H. Res. 14, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----; H. Res. 403, 
Jan. 27, 2000, p. ----). In the first session of the 107th Congress, the 
House provided that it would meet at 2 p.m. on Mondays, 11 a.m. on 
Tuesdays, and 10 a.m. on the balance of the week through May 13, after 
which it would meet at noon on Mondays, 10 a.m. on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, 
and Thursdays, and 9 a.m. on the balance of the week for the remainder 
of the session (H. Res. 9, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). The House retains the 
right to vary from this schedule by use of the motion to adjourn to a 
day or time certain as provided in clause 4 of rule XVI. By special 
order, the House may provide for a session of the House on a Sunday, 
traditionally a ``dies non'' under the precedents of the House (Dec. 17, 
1982, p. 31946; Dec. 18, 1987, p. 36352; Nov. 19, 1989, p. 30029; Aug. 
20, 1994, p. 23367; Nov. 7, 1997, p. ----; Oct. 10, 1998, p. ----). 
Beginning in the second session of the 103d Congress, the House has by 
unanimous consent agreed to convene at an earlier hour on Mondays and 
Tuesdays for morning-hour debate and then recess to the hour established 
for convening under this clause (Feb. 11, 1994, p. 2244; May 23, 1994, 
p. 11459; June 8, 1994, p. 12305; June 10, 1994, p. 12684; Jan. 4, 1995, 
p. 547; Feb. 16, 1995, p. 5096; May 12, 1995, p. 12765; see Sec. 951, 
infra).
  The hour of meeting is fixed by standing order, and has traditionally 
been set at 12 m. (I, 104-109, 116, 117; IV, 4325); but beginning in the


[[Page 329]]

pp. 7, 16). If a quorum fails to respond on a motion incident to the 
approval, reading, or amendment of the Journal, and there is an 
objection to the vote, a call of the House under clause 6 of rule XX is 
automatic (Feb. 2, 1977, p. 3342).
  Immediately after the Members are called to order prayer is offered by 
the Chaplain (IV, 3056), and the Speaker declines to entertain a point 
of no quorum before prayer is offered (VI, 663; clause 7 of rule XX). 
Prior to the 96th Congress, clause 1 of rule I directed the Speaker to 
announce his approval of the Journal on the appearance of a quorum after 
having called the House to order. Under that form of the rule, a point 
of no quorum could be made after the prayer and before the approval of 
the Journal when the House convened, notwithstanding the provisions of 
former clause 6(e) of rule XV (now clause 7 of rule XX), allowing such 
points of order in the House only when the Speaker had put the pending 
motion or proposition to a vote (Oct. 3, 1977, p. 31987). Similarly, 
prior practice had permitted a point of no quorum prior to the reading 
of the Journal (IV, 2733; VI, 625) or during its reading (VI, 624). In 
the 96th Congress, the House eliminated the necessity for the appearance 
of a quorum before the Speaker's announcement of his approval of the 
Journal (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 1979,

  Pursuant to clause 8 of rule XX, the Speaker may postpone until a 
later time on the same legislative day a record vote on the Speaker's 
approval of the Journal. Where the House adjourns on consecutive days 
without having approved the Journal of the previous days' proceedings, 
the Speaker puts the question de novo in chronological order as the 
first order of business on the subsequent day (Nov. 3, 1987, p. 30592).

  Prior to the 92d Congress, the reading of the Journal was mandatory, 
could not be dispensed with except by unanimous consent (VI, 625; Sept. 
19, 1962, p. 19941), or by motion to suspend the rules (IV, 2747-2750). 
It had to be read in full when demanded by any Member (IV, 2739-2741; 
VI, 627, 628; Feb. 22, 1950, p. 2152), but the demand came too late 
after the Journal was approved (VI, 626). Under the rule as in effect 
from the 92d Congress through the 95th Congress, any Member could offer 
a privileged, nondebatable motion that the Journal be read pending the 
Speaker's announcement of his approval and before agreement by the House 
(Apr. 23, 1975, p. 11482).

  The Journal of the last day of a session is not read on the first day 
of the next session (IV, 2742). No business is transacted before the 
reading, including consideration of a conference report (IV, 2751-2756; 
VI, 629, 630, 637). However, the motion to adjourn (IV, 2757; Speaker 
Wright, Nov. 2, 1987, p. 30387) and the swearing-in of a Member (I, 172) 
could take precedence.

  Once begun, the reading may not be interrupted, even by business so 
highly privileged as a conference report (V, 6443; rule XXII). However, 
a parliamentary inquiry (VI, 624), an arraignment of impeachment (VI, 
469), or a question of privilege relating to a breach of privilege (such 
as an assault occurring during the reading) may interrupt its reading or 
approval (II, 1630).


Preservation of order
<>   2. The Speaker shall preserve order and decorum and, in case 
of disturbance or disorderly conduct in

[[Page 330]]

the galleries or in the lobby, may cause the same to be cleared.

  Under the prior rule, the Speaker's examination and approval of the 
Journal was preliminary to the reading and did not preclude subsequent 
amendment by the House itself (IV, 2734-2738). If the Speaker's approval 
of the Journal is rejected, a motion to amend takes precedence of a 
motion to approve (IV, 2760; VI, 633), and a Member offering an 
amendment is recognized under the hour rule (Mar. 19, 1990, p. 4488); 
but the motion is not admissible after the previous question is demanded 
on the motion to approve (IV, 2770; VI, 633; VIII, 2684; Sept. 13, 1965, 
p. 23600).

  This clause was adopted in 1789 and amended in 1794 (II, 1343). 
Clerical and stylistic changes were effected when the House recodified 
its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  The Speaker may name a Member who is disorderly, but may not, of his 
own authority, censure or punish him (II, 1344, 1345; VI, 237). In cases 
of extreme disorder in the Committee of the Whole the Speaker has taken 
the chair and restored order without a formal rising of the Committee 
(II, 1348, 1648-1653, 1657); and the Speaker, as an exercise of his 
authority under this clause, has on his own initiative declared the 
House in recess in an emergency (83d Cong., p. 2324). A former Member 
must observe the rules of decorum while on the floor, and the Speaker 
may request the Sergeant-at-Arms to assist him in maintaining such 
decorum (Sept. 17, 1997, p. ----).

  The authority to have the galleries cleared has been exercised but 
rarely (II, 1352; Speaker Albert, Jan. 18, 1972, p. 9). On one occasion, 
acting on the basis of police reports and other evidence, the Speaker 
ordered the galleries cleared before the House convened (May 10, 1972, 
p. 16576) and then informed the House of his decision. In an early 
instance the Speaker ordered the arrest of a person in the gallery; but 
this exercise of power was questioned (II, 1605).


[[Page 331]]

XVII), so also may an appeal be entertained on a ruling of the Chair on 
the propriety of an exhibit (Nov. 16, 1995, p. 33395).
  Although Members are permitted to use exhibits such as charts during 
debate (subject to clause 6 of rule XVII), the Speaker may direct the 
removal of a chart from the well of the House which is not being 
utilized during debate (Apr. 1, 1982, p. 6304; Apr. 19, 1990, p. 7402). 
The Speaker's responsibility to preserve decorum requires that he 
disallow the use of exhibits in debate which would be demeaning to the 
House, or to any Member of the House, or which would be disruptive of 
the decorum thereof (Sept. 13, 1989, p. 20362; Oct. 16, 1990, p. 29647; 
Oct. 1, 1991, p. 24828; Nov. 16, 1995, p. 33395; Jan. 3, 1996, p. 42). 
The Speaker has disallowed the use of a person on the floor as a guest 
of the House as an ``exhibit'' (Dec. 19, 1995, p. 37575; Jan. 22, 1996, 
p. 682; Oct. 7, 1999, p. ----). The Speaker may inquire as to a Member's 
intentions, as to the use of exhibits, before conferring recognition to 
address the House (Mar. 21, 1984, p. 6187). In the 101st Congress both 
the Speaker and the Chairman of the Committee of the Whole reinforced 
the Chair's authority to control the use of exhibits in debate, 
distinguishing between the constitutional authority of the House to make 
its own rules and first amendment rights of free speech, and the use of 
all exhibits was prohibited during the consideration of a bill in the 
Committee of the Whole (Oct. 11, 1990, p. 28650). The Speaker may permit 
the display of an exhibit in the Speaker's lobby during debate on a 
measure (May 20, 1999, p. ----). Just as an appeal may be entertained on 
a decision from the Chair that a Member has engaged in personalities in 
debate (Sept. 28, 1996, p. ----; see also clause 4 of rule

  At the request of the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, the 
Speaker announced that (1) all handouts distributed on or adjacent to 
the floor must bear the name of a Member authorizing the distribution; 
(2) the content of such handouts must comport with the standards 
applicable to words used in debate; (3) failure to comply with these 
standards may constitute a breach of decorum and thus give rise to a 
question of privilege; (4) staff are prohibited in the Chamber or rooms 
leading thereto from distributing handouts and from attempting to 
influence Members with regard to legislation; and (5) Members should 
minimize the use of handouts to enhance the quality of debate (Sept. 27, 
1995, p. 26567; Mar. 20, 1996, p. 5644).

  Questions having been raised concerning proper attire for Members in 
the Chamber (thermostat controls having been raised to comply with a 
Presidential directive conserving energy in the summer months), the 
Speaker announced he considered traditional attire for Members 
appropriate, including coats and ties for male Members and appropriate 
attire for female Members, but that he would recognize for a question of 
privileges of the House to relax such standards. The Speaker also 
requested a Member in violation of those standards to remove himself 
from the Chamber and appear in appropriate attire, and refused to 
recognize such Member until he did so (Speaker O'Neill, July 17, 1979, 
p. 19008). The House later agreed to a resolution (presented as a 
question of the privileges of the House) requiring Members to wear 
proper attire as determined by the Speaker (July 17, 1979, p. 19072).



[[Page 332]]

Control of Capitol facilities
  Recognition is within the discretion of the Chair, and in order to 
uphold order and decorum in the House as required under clause 2 of rule 
I, the Speaker may deny a Member recognition to address the House under 
the ``one-minute rule'' (Aug. 27, 1980, p. 23456), and may deny further 
recognition to a Member proceeding out of order beyond the one minute 
for which recognized (Mar. 16, 1988, p. 4081). It is a breach of decorum 
for a Member to continue to speak beyond the time for which the Member 
has been recognized or yielded to (Mar. 22, 1996, p. 6086). Even prior 
to adoption of the rules, the Speaker may maintain decorum by directing 
a Member engaging in such breach of decorum to be removed from the well 
and by directing the Sergeant-at-Arms to present the mace as the 
traditional symbol of order (Jan. 3, 1991, p. 58). A Member's 
comportment may constitute a breach of decorum even though the content 
of that Member's speech is not, itself, unparliamentary (July 29, 1994, 
p. 18609). Under this standard the Chair may deny further recognition to 
a Member engaged in unparliamentary debate who ignores repeated 
admonitions by the Chair to proceed in order (unless the Member is 
permitted to proceed by order of the House) (Sept. 18, 1996, p. 23535).




Sec. 623. Speaker's control of the Hall, corridors, and 
rooms.

  3.  Except as otherwise provided by rule or law, the Speaker shall 
have general control of the Hall of the House, the corridors and 
passages in the part of the Capitol assigned to the use of the House, 
and the disposal of unappropriated rooms in that part of the Capitol.


  This clause was adopted in 1811 and amended in 1824, 1885 (II, 1354), 
and 1911 (VI, 261). Clerical and stylistic changes were effected when 
the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).


Signature of documents
  Control of the appropriated rooms in the House portion of the Capitol 
is exercised by the House itself (V, 7273-7279), but repairs and 
alterations have been authorized by statute (V, 7280-7281; 59 Stat. 
472). On January 15, 1979, the Speaker announced his directive 
concerning free access by Members in the corridors approaching the 
Chamber (p. 19). The Speaker has declined to recognize for a unanimous-
consent request to change the decor in the Chamber, stating that he 
would take the suggestion under advisement in exercising his authority 
under this clause (Mar. 2, 1989, p. 3220). The Speaker has announced 
that a joint Republican Conference and Democratic Caucus meeting would 
be held in the Chamber following the adjournment of the House on that 
day (July 27, 1998, p. ----).




Sec. 624. Speaker's signature to acts, warrants, subpoenas, 
etc.

  4.  The Speaker shall sign all acts and joint resolutions passed by 
the two Houses and all writs, warrants, and subpoenas of, or issued by 
order of, the House. The Speaker may sign enrolled bills and joint 
resolutions whether or not the House is in session.



[[Page 333]]

  The Speaker was given authority to sign acts, warrants, subpoenas, 
etc., in 1794 (II, 1313). The last sentence of this clause, granting the 
Speaker standing authority to sign enrolled bills, even if the House is 
not in session, was added in the 97th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1981, 
pp. 98-113). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, clauses 4 and 5 occupied a single clause (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).



Sec. 625. Signing of enrolled bills.

  Enrolled  bills are 
signed first by the Speaker (IV, 3429). He has declined to sign in the 
absence of a quorum (IV, 3458), or pending a motion to reconsider (V, 
5705); and the report of a committee as to the accuracy of the 
enrollment is first submitted, unless, as in rare instances only, the 
House by consent waives the requirement (IV, 3452). In cases of error 
the House has permitted the Speaker's signature to be vacated (IV, 3453, 
3455-3457; VII, 1077-1080). Under the modern practice, the Committee of 
the Whole may rise informally without motion to enable the Speaker to 
assume the Chair and to sign an enrolled bill and lay it before the 
House (Jan. 28, 1980, p. 888; Apr. 30, 1980, p. 9505).



Questions of order


Sec. 626. Signing of warrants, subpoenas, 
etc.

  Warrants,  subpoenas, etc., during recesses of Congress are signed only by 
authority specially given (III, 1753, 1763, 1806). The issuing of 
warrants must be specially authorized by the House (I, 287) or pursuant 
to a standing rule (clause 6 of rule XX; Sec. 1026, infra). Instance 
wherein the House authorized the Speaker to warrant for the arrest of 
absentees (VI, 638). The Speaker also signs the articles, replications, 
etc., in impeachments (III, 2370, 2455; Dec. 19, 1998, p. ----); and 
certifies cases of contumacious witnesses for action by the courts (III, 
1691, 1769; VI, 385; 2 U.S.C. 194). A subpoena validly issued by a 
committee authorized by the House under clause 2(m) of rule XI to issue 
subpoenas need only be signed by the chairman of that committee, whereas 
when the House issues an order or warrant, the Speaker must issue the 
summons under his hand and seal, and it must be attested by the Clerk 
(III, 1668; see H. Rept. 96-1078, p. 22).





Sec. 627. Questions of order.

  5.  The Speaker shall decide all 
questions of order, subject to appeal by a Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner. On such an appeal a Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner may not speak more than once without permission of the 
House.


  This rule was adopted in 1789 and amended in 1811. Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, clauses 4 and 5 occupied a 
single clause (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 334]]

during a division are decided peremptorily (V, 5926), and when they 
arise out of any other question must be decided before that question (V, 
6864). In rare instances the Speaker has declined to rule until he has 
taken time for examination of the question (III, 2725; VI, 432; VII, 
2106; VIII, 2174, 2396, 3475).


Sec. 628. Practice governing the Speaker in deciding 
points of order.

  The  Speaker may require that a question of order be 
presented in writing (V, 6865). When enough of a proposition has been 
read to show that it is out of order, the question of order may be 
raised without waiting for the reading to be completed (V, 6886, 6887; 
VIII, 2912, 3378, 3437), though the Chair may decline to rule until the 
entire proposition has been read (Dec. 14, 1973, pp. 41716-18). 
Questions arising


  Debate on a point of order, being for the Chair's information, is 
within the Chair's discretion (see, e.g., V, 6919, 6920; VIII, 3446-
3448; Deschler-Brown Precedents, vol. 13, ch. 29, sec. 67.3; Jan. 24, 
1996, p. 1248; Sept. 12, 1996, p. 22901; Oct. 10, 1998, p. ----). Debate 
is confined to the question of order and may not extend to the merits of 
the proposition against which it lies or to parliamentarily similar 
propositions permitted to remain in the pending bill by waivers of 
points of order (July 18, 1995, p. 19335; June 22, 2000, p. ----). 
Members must address the Chair and cannot engage in colloquies on the 
point of order (Sept. 18, 1986, p. 24083), nor can they offer pro forma 
amendments to debate the point of order (July 21, 1998, p. ----). To 
ensure that the arguments recorded on a question of order are those 
actually heard by the Chair before ruling, the Chair will not entertain 
a unanimous-consent request to permit a Member to revise and extend 
remarks on a point of order (Sept. 22, 1976, p. 31873; May 15, 1997, p. 
----; July 24, 1998, p. ----). However, the Committee of the Whole by 
unanimous consent has allowed a Member to revise and extend his remarks 
to follow the ruling on a point of order (July 13, 2000, p. ----). A 
Member may raise multiple points of order simultaneously, and the Chair 
may hear argument and rule on each question individually (Mar. 28, 1996, 
pp. 6931, 6933); or the Chair may choose to rule on only one of the 
points of order raised (July 24, 1998, p. ----). Where a Member 
incorrectly demands the ``regular order,'' rather than making a point of 
order to assert that remarks are not confined to the question under 
debate, the Chair may treat the demand as a point of order and rule 
thereon (May 1, 1996, p. 9889).

  The Chair is constrained to give precedent its proper influence (II, 
1317; VI, 248). While the Chair will normally not disregard a decision 
of the Chair previously made on the same facts (IV, 4045), such 
precedents may be examined and reversed where shown to be erroneous (IV, 
4637; VI, 639; VII, 849; VIII, 2794, 3435; Sept. 12, 1986, p. 23178). 
The authoritative source for proper interpretations of the rules are 
statements made directly from the Chair and not comments made by the 
Speaker in other contexts (May 25, 1995, p. 14437; Sept. 19, 1995, p. 
25454). Preserving the authority and binding force of parliamentary law 
is as much the duty of each Member of the House as it is the duty of the 
Chair (VII, 1479). The Speaker's decisions are recorded in the Journal 
(IV, 2840, 2841), but responses to parliamentary inquiries are not so 
recorded (IV, 2842).


[[Page 335]]

whether Members have abused leave to print (V, 6998-7000; VIII, 3475), 
on the constitutional powers of the House (II, 1255, 1318-1320, 1490; 
IV, 3507; VI, 250, 251; VIII, 2225, 3031, 3071, 3427; July 21, 1947, pp. 
9522, 9551; May 13, 1948, p. 5817; Oct. 10, 1998, p. ----), or on the 
propriety or expediency of a proposed course of action (II, 1275, 1325, 
1326, 1337; IV, 3091-3093, 3127). He is not required to decide a 
question not directly presented by the proceedings (II, 1314), and it is 
not his duty to decide a hypothetical question (VI, 249, 253; Nov. 20, 
1989, p. 30225), including: (1) the germaneness of an amendment not yet 
offered (Dec. 12, 1985, p. 36167; May 5, 1988, p. 9936; May 18, 1988, p. 
11404; Mar. 22, 2000, p. ----) or previously offered and entertained 
without a point of order (June 6, 1990, p. 13194); (2) the admissibility 
under existing Budget Act allocations of an amendment not yet offered, 
particularly where the Chair's response might depend on the disposition 
of a prior amendment on which proceedings had been postponed (June 27, 
1994, p. 14593; June 12, 2000, p. ----); (3) the admissibility under 
clause 2 of rule XXI of an amendment already pending (July 29, 1998, p. 
----), against which all points of order had been waived (July 27, 1995, 
p. 20800); and (4) the admissibility of an amendment at a future date, 
pending a ruling of the Chair on its immediate admissibility (June 25, 
1997, p. ----). The Chair does not take cognizance of complaints 
relating to pairs (VIII, 3087). He passes on the validity of conference 
reports (V, 6409, 6410, 6414-6416; VIII, 3256, 3264), but not on the 
sufficiency of the accompanying statements as distinguished from the 
form (V, 6511-6513), or on the question of whether a conference report 
violates instructions of the House (V, 6395; VIII, 3246). As to reports 
of committees, he does not decide as to their sufficiency (II, 1339; IV, 
4653), or whether the committee has followed instructions (II, 1338; IV, 
4404, 4689); or on matters arising in the Committee of the Whole (V, 
6927, 6928, 6932-6937; Dec. 12, 1985, p. 36173); but he has decided as 
to the validity of the authorization of a report (IV, 4592, 4593) and 
has indicated that a point of order could be raised at a proper time 
where the content of a filed report varies from that approved by the 
committee (May 16, 1989, p. 9356). An objection to the use of an exhibit 
under clause 6 of rule XVII (former rule XXX) is not a point of order on 
which the Chair must rule (July 31, 1996, pp. 20694, 20700). Before the 
rule was rewritten in the 107th Congress, it required that the Chair put 
the question whether the exhibit may be used. It now merely permits the 
Chair to put such question (sec. 2(o), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----
). A complaint that certain remarks that might be uttered in debate 
would improperly disclose executive-session material of a committee is 
not cognizable as a point of order in the House where the Chair is not 
aware of the executive-session status of the information (Nov. 5, 1997, 
p. ----). A request that the voting display be turned on during debate 
is not in order (Oct. 12, 1998, p. ----). The assertion that a Member 
may be inconvenienced by the legislative schedule announced by the 
Leadership does not give rise to a point of order that

[[Page 336]]

the Member cannot attend both to House and constituent duties at the 
same time (Nov. 10, 1999, p. ----).
  The Chair does not decide on the legislative or legal effect of 
propositions (II, 1274, 1323, 1324; VI, 254; VII, 2112; VIII, 2280, 
2841; Mar. 16, 1983, p. 5669; May 13, 1998, p. ----), on the consistency 
of proposed action with other acts of the House (II, 1327-1336; VII, 
2112, 2136; VIII, 3237, 3458),

  Prior to the 104th Congress, precedents and applicable guidelines 
allowed the Chair to refine a ruling on a point of order in the Record 
in order to clarify the ruling without changing its substance, including 
one sustained by the House on appeal (Feb. 19, 1992, p. 2461; see H. 
Res. 230, 99th Cong., July 31, 1985, p. 21783; and H. Rept. 99-228 (in 
accordance with existing accepted practices, the Chair may make such 
technical or parliamentary corrections or insertions in transcript as 
may be necessary to conform to rule, custom, or precedent); see also H. 
Res. 330, 101st Cong., Feb. 7, 1990, p. 1515, and report of House 
Administration task force on Record inserted by Speaker Foley, Oct. 27, 
1990, p. 37124). However, the Chair ruled that the requirement of former 
clause 9 of rule XIV (now clause 8 of rule XVII) that the Record be a 
substantially verbatim account of remarks made during House proceedings, 
extended to statements and rulings of the Chair (Jan. 20, 1995, p. 
1866).

  In interpreting the language of a special order adopted by the House, 
the Chair will not look behind the unambiguous language of the 
resolution itself (June 18, 1986, p. 14267). Questions concerning 
informal guidelines of the Committee on Rules for advance submission of 
amendments for possible inclusion under a ``modified closed'' rule may 
not be raised under the guise of parliamentary inquiry (May 5, 1988, p. 
9938). Because the Chair refrains from issuing advisory opinions on 
hypothetical or anticipatory questions of order, the Chair will not 
interpret a special order before it is adopted by the House (Oct. 14, 
1986, p. 30862; July 27, 1993, p. 17116; July 27, 1995, p. 20741; Jan. 
5, 1996, p. 366; Mar. 28, 1996, p. 7064; June 28, 2000, p. ----; Mar. 8, 
2001, p. ----). Thus, the Chair has declined to identify provisions in a 
bill as ostensible objects of a waiver in the pending resolution 
providing a special order for that bill (Oct. 19, 1995, pp. 28503, 
28504; Oct. 26, 1995, p. 29477; Mar. 28, 1996, p. 7064); or to determine 
whether a bill, for which the pending resolution provides a special 
order waiving any requirement for a three-fifths vote on passage, 
actually ``carries'' a Federal income tax rate increase under clause 5 
of rule XXI (Oct. 26, 1995, p. 29477). The Chair will not compare the 
text made in order by a pending special order as original text for 
further amendment with the text reported by the committee of 
jurisdiction (Oct. 19, 1995, p. 28503). Similarly, the Chair will not 
issue an advisory opinion on how debate on a pending resolution will 
bear on the Chair's ultimate interpretation of the resolution as an 
order of the House (Sept. 18, 1997, p. ----).


[[Page 337]]

1989, p. 14633). The Chair may take a parliamentary inquiry under 
advisement, especially where not related to the pending proceedings 
(VIII, 2174; Apr. 7, 1992, p. 8273). The Chair responds to parliamentary 
inquiries relating in a practical sense to the pending proceedings but 
does not respond to requests to place them in historical context (June 
25, 1992, p. 16174; Jan. 3, 1996, pp. 36-41; Nov. 5, 1997, p. ----). The 
Speaker may entertain a parliamentary inquiry during a record vote if it 
relates to the vote (Oct. 9, 1997, p. ----; Oct. 6, 1999, p. ----).
  Recognition for parliamentary inquiry lies in the discretion of the 
Chair (VI, 541; Apr. 7, 1992, p. 8273). The Speaker may recognize and 
respond to a parliamentary inquiry although the previous question may 
have been demanded (Mar. 27, 1926, p. 6469). While the Chair may in his 
discretion recognize Members for parliamentary inquiries when no other 
Member is occupying the floor for debate, when another Member has the 
floor he must yield for a parliamentary inquiry (Oct. 1, 1986, p. 27465; 
July 13,

  A proper parliamentary inquiry relates to an interpretation of a House 
rule, not of a statute or of the Constitution (Oct. 10, 1998, p. ----). 
The Chair will not respond to a parliamentary inquiry to: (1) judge the 
propriety of words spoken in debate pending a demand that those words be 
``taken down'' as unparliamentary (June 8, 1995, p. 15267); (2) judge 
the veracity of remarks in debate (June 5, 1996, p. 13195); (3) judge 
the propriety of words uttered earlier in debate (June 15, 2000, p. ----
); (4) reexamine and explain the validity of a prior ruling (Oct. 26, 
1995, p. 29477); (5) anticipate the precedential effect of a ruling 
(Oct. 10, 1998, p. ----); (6) judge the accuracy of the content of an 
exhibit (Nov. 10, 1995, p. 32142); (7) indicate which side of the aisle 
has failed under the Speaker's guidelines to clear a unanimous-consent 
request (Feb. 1, 1996, p. 2260); (8) respond to political commentary 
(June 25, 1998, p. ----); (9) comment on the effect of time consumed on 
a pending amendment as a tactic to prevent the offering of other 
amendments under a special order adopted by the House (May 10, 2000, p. 
----); or (10) anticipate whether bill language would trigger certain 
executive actions or to interpret a pending proposition (Sept. 20, 1989, 
p. 20969; May 13, 1998, p. ----). The Chair may clarify a prior response 
to a parliamentary inquiry (July 31, 1996, p. 20700).

  The Speaker rarely submits a question directly to the House for its 
decision (IV, 3173, 3282, 4930; V, 5014, 5323, 6701; VI, 49; Speaker 
Longworth, Apr. 8, 1926, p. 7148; Dec. 19, 1998, p. ----), and rarely 
raises and submits a question on his own initiative (II, 1277, 1315, 
1316; VIII, 3405). Even as to questions of privilege he usually, in 
later practice, makes a preliminary decision instead of submitting the 
question directly to the House (III, 2648, 2649, 2650, 2654, 2678; 
Speaker Wright, Mar. 11, 1987, p. 5404).



Sec. 629. Practice, governing appeals.

  The  right of appeal 
insures the House against the arbitrary control of the Speaker and 
cannot be taken away from the House (V, 6002). While a decision of the 
Chair on a point of order is subject to appeal on demand of any Member, 
a Member cannot secure a recorded vote on a point of order absent an 
appeal and the Chair's putting the question thereon (June 20, 1996, p. 
14847).



[[Page 338]]

(IV, 3036; V, 6877); (5) Chair's count of the number rising to demand 
tellers (VIII, 3105), to demand a recorded vote (June 24, 1976, p. 
20390; June 14, 2000, p. ----) or the yeas and nays (Sept. 12, 1978, p. 
28950), or to object to a request under the former rule that required a 
committee have permission to sit during floor proceedings under the 
five-minute rule (Sept. 12, 1978, p. 28984); (6) Chair's count of a 
quorum (July 24, 1974, p. 25012); (7) Chair's call of a voice vote (Aug. 
10, 1994, p. 20766); (8) Chair's refusal to recapitulate a vote (VIII, 
3128); (9) Chair's refusal under clause 7 of rule XX (former clause 6(e) 
of rule XV) to entertain a point of no quorum when a pending question 
has not been put to a vote (Sept. 16, 1977, p. 29594); or (10) 
determination that a Member's time in debate has expired (Mar. 22, 1996, 
p. 6086). An appeal may not be entertained: (1) while another is pending 
(V, 6939-6941); (2) between the motion to adjourn and vote thereon (V, 
5361); (3) during a call of the yeas and nays (V, 6051); or (4) when 
dilatory (V, 5715-5722; VIII, 2822).
  An appeal may not be entertained from the following: (1) response to a 
parliamentary inquiry (V, 6955; VIII, 3457); (2) decision on recognition 
(II, 1425-1428; VI, 292; VIII, 2429, 2646, 2762; July 23, 1993, p. 
16820; Apr. 4, 1995, p. 10298; June 17, 1999, p. ----); (3) decision on 
dilatoriness of motions (V, 5731); (4) question on which an appeal has 
just been decided

  The appeal may be debated (VII, 1608; VIII, 2347, 2375, 3453-3455); 
unless the motion is made to lay on the table (V, 5301; Mar. 16, 1988, 
p. 4086), or the previous question is ordered (V, 5448, 5449). An appeal 
from a decision relating to the priority of business (V, 6952), or 
relevancy of debate (V, 5056-5063) is not debatable. In practice in the 
House, a Member in favor of the ruling usually moves to lay the appeal 
on the table, thus shutting off debate (e.g., Oct. 8, 1968, p. 30215; 
Apr. 6, 1995, p. 10614). Debate in the House is under the hour rule (V, 
4978), but may be closed at any time by the adoption of a motion for the 
previous question (V, 6947); or to lay on the table (VIII, 3453). Debate 
on an appeal in the Committee of the Whole is under the five-minute rule 
(VII, 1608; VIII, 2347, 2556a, 3454, 3455), and may be closed by motion 
to close debate or to rise and report (V, 6947, 6950; VIII, 3453).


Form of a question
  A motion to postpone an appeal has been held in order (VIII, 2613). An 
appeal of a ruling of the Chair may be withdrawn in the Committee of the 
Whole as a matter of right (June 8, 2000, p. ----). The Speaker may vote 
to sustain his own decision (IV, 4569; V, 5686, 6956, 6957).


[[Page 339]]

such voting procedures as may be invoked under rule XX.



Sec. 630. Putting of the question by the Speaker.

  6.  The Speaker 
shall rise to put a question but may state it sitting. The Speaker shall 
put a question in this form: ``Those in favor (of the question), say 
`Aye.' ''; and after the affirmative voice is expressed, ``Those 
opposed, say `No.' ''. After a vote by voice under this clause, the 
Speaker may use


  This clause was adopted in 1789 (II, 1311). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this clause (former clause 
5) consisted of this clause and current clause 1(a), clause 1(b), and 
clause 2(a) of rule XX (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


Discretion to vote
  The motion as stated by the Chair in putting the question and not as 
stated by the Member in offering the motion, is the proposition voted on 
(VI, 247). Under this paragraph the Speaker must put the pending 
question to a voice vote prior to entertaining a demand for a recorded 
vote or the yeas and nays (Speaker Foley, Mar. 9, 1992, p. 4698). It is 
not in order for a Member having the floor in debate to conduct a 
``straw vote'' or otherwise ask for a show of support for a proposition 
(Nov. 18, 1995, p. 33973).




Sec. 631. The Speaker's vote. Tie vote.

  7.  The Speaker is not 
required to vote in ordinary legislative proceedings, except when his 
vote would be decisive or when the House is engaged in voting by ballot.


  This clause was adopted in 1789, and amended in 1850 (V, 5964) and 
1911. Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, 
clause 7 (former clause 6) consisted of this clause and current clause 
1(c) of rule XX (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 340]]

  Although the amendment of 1850 granted the Speaker the same right to 
vote as other Members (V, 5966, 5967), he has historically rarely 
exercised it (V, 5964, footnote). The Speaker's name is not on the roll 
from which the yeas and nays are called (V, 5970), is called only on his 
request (V, 5965), and is then called at the end of the roll by name (V, 
5965; VIII, 3075). During an electronic vote, the Speaker directs the 
Clerk to record him and verifies that instruction by submitting a vote 
card (Oct. 17, 1990, p. 30229). The Speaker may vote to make a tie and 
so decide a question in the negative, as he may vote to break a tie and 
so decide a question in the affirmative (VIII, 3100; Aug. 14, 1957, p. 
14783). The Speaker never has two votes on the same question; that is, 
having voted as a Member, he may not vote again should the result be a 
tie (V, 5964). The duty of giving a decisive vote may be exercised after 
the intervention of other business, or after the announcement of the 
result or on another day, if a correction of the roll shows a condition 
wherein his vote would be decisive (V, 5969, 6061-6063; VIII, 3075). The 
Speaker also exercises the right to withdraw his vote in case a 
correction shows it to have been unnecessary (V, 5971).


Speaker pro tempore
  Before the vote by tellers was repealed (Sec. Sec. 1012-1013, infra), 
the Chairman of the Committee of the Whole could be counted on a vote by 
tellers without passing through the tellers (V, 5996, 5997; VIII, 3100, 
3101).



Sec. 632. Speaker pro tempore.

  8.  (a) The Speaker may appoint a 
Member to perform the duties of the Chair. Except as specified in 
paragraph (b), such an appointment may not extend beyond three 
legislative days.


  (b)(1) In the case of his illness, the Speaker may appoint a Member to 
perform the duties of the Chair for a period not exceeding 10 days, 
subject to the approval of the House. If the Speaker is absent and has 
omitted to make such an appointment, then the House shall elect a 
Speaker pro tempore to act during the absence of the Speaker.


  (2) With the approval of the House, the Speaker may appoint a Member 
to act as Speaker pro tempore only to sign enrolled bills and joint 
resolutions for a specified period of time.

  This clause was adopted in 1811, and amended in 1876 (II, 1377) and in 
1920 (VI, 263). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, clause 8 (former clause 7) and clause 9 occupied a single 
clause (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 341]]

elect (Mar. 17, 1998, p. ----), etc., functions not exercised by a 
Speaker pro tempore by designation (II, 1399, 1400, 1404; VI, 274, 277; 
Sept. 21, 1961, p. 20572; June 21, 1984, p. 17708), but the clause was 
amended in the 99th Congress (H. Res. 7, Jan. 3, 1985, p. 393) to 
authorize the Speaker, with House approval, to designate a Speaker pro 
tempore to sign enrolled bills. The House agreed by unanimous consent to 
the Speaker's appointment under this clause of two Members in the 
alternative to act as Speakers pro tempore to sign enrollments through a 
date certain (Aug. 6, 1998, p. ----; Nov. 18, 1999, p. ----).


Sec. 634. Election, oath, and designation of Speaker pro 
tempore.

  The  right of the House to elect a Speaker pro tempore in the 
absence of the Speaker was exercised before the rule was adopted (II, 
1405), although the House sometimes preferred to adjourn (I, 179). An 
elected Speaker pro tempore in the earlier practice was not sworn (I, 
229; II, 1386); but the Senate and sometimes the President were notified 
of his election (II, 1386-1389, 1405-1412; VI, 275). On August 31, 1961 
(p. 17765), the House adopted House Resolution 445, electing Hon. John 
W. McCormack as Speaker pro tempore in the absence and terminal illness 
of Speaker Rayburn. The resolution provided that the Clerk notify the 
President and the Senate. The chairman of the Democratic Caucus then 
administered the oath. Elected Speakers pro tempore have signed enrolled 
bills, appointed select committees, administered the oath of office to a 
Member-



Term limit
  A call of the House may take place with a Speaker pro tempore in the 
chair (IV, 2989), and the Speaker pro tempore may issue a warrant for 
the arrest of absent Members under a call of the House (VI, 688). When 
the Speaker is not present at the opening of a session, including 
morning-hour debates, he designates a Speaker pro tempore in writing 
(II, 1378, 1401); but he does not always announce the Member whom he 
calls to the chair temporarily during the day's sitting (II, 1379, 
1400). The presence of the Speaker either at the opening of morning-hour 
debates or at the opening of the regular session on a day satisfies the 
requirement that the Speaker be present to convene the House at least 
every fourth day. A Speaker pro tempore elected under clause 8 of rule I 
may in turn designate another Member to act as Speaker pro tempore on a 
day certain (II, 1384; VI, 275; Feb. 23, 1996, p. 2807). Members of the 
minority have been called to the chair on occasions of ceremony (II, 
1383; VI, 270; Jan. 31, 1951, p. 779; Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----), but in 
rare instances on other occasions (II, 1382, 1390; III, 2596; VI, 264).




Sec. 635. Term limit.

  9.  A person may not serve as Speaker for 
more than four consecutive Congresses (disregarding for this purpose any 
service for less than a full session in any Congress).



Designation of travel
  This clause was added in the 104th Congress (sec. 103(a), H. Res. 6, 
Jan. 4, 1995, p. 462). Before the House recodified its rules in the 
106th Congress, this clause and clause 8 occupied a single clause 
(former clause 7) (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 342]]

without the United States, whether the House is meeting, has recessed, 
or has adjourned. Expenses for such travel may be paid from applicable 
accounts of the House described in clause 1(i)(1) of rule X on vouchers 
approved and signed solely by the Speaker.



Sec. 636. Travel authority.

  10.  The Speaker may designate a 
Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the 
House to travel on the business of the House within or



Committee appointment
  This clause was adopted in the 94th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 14, 
1975, p. 20). In the 105th Congress this clause was amended to update 
archaic references to the ``contingent fund'' (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, 
p. ----). A clerical correction was effected at the beginning of the 
106th Congress with respect to the description of ``applicable 
accounts'' (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this clause and the 
provision now found in clause 10 of rule XXIV together occupied former 
clause 8 of this rule (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). See also 
Sec. Sec. 769, 770, infra, for discussion of the Speaker's authority 
under section 502(b) of the Mutual Security Act of 1954 (22 U.S.C. 1754) 
to authorize use of counterpart funds for Members and employees for 
foreign travel, except where authorized by the chairman of the committee 
for members and employees thereof.


[[Page 343]]

of the bill or resolution passed or adopted by the House.



Sec. 637. Select and conference committees.

  11. The  Speaker 
shall appoint all select, joint, and conference committees ordered by 
the House. At any time after an original appointment, the Speaker may 
remove Members, Delegates, or the Resident Commissioner from, or appoint 
additional Members, Delegates, or the Resident Commissioner to, a select 
or conference committee. In appointing Members, Delegates, or the 
Resident Commissioner to conference committees, the Speaker shall 
appoint no less than a majority who generally supported the House 
position as determined by the Speaker, shall name those who are 
primarily responsible for the legislation, and shall, to the fullest 
extent feasible, include the principal proponents of the major 
provisions


  The provision of this clause relating to select committees was adopted 
in 1880, and the provision relating to conference committees was first 
adopted in 1890, although the practice of leaving the appointment of 
conference committees to the Speaker had existed from the earliest years 
of the House's history (IV, 4470; VIII, 2192). The provision authorizing 
the Speaker to add or remove select committee members or conferees after 
his initial appointment was added in the 103d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 
5, 1993, p. 49). The provision requiring the Speaker to appoint a 
majority of Members who generally supported the House position became 
effective on January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 
34470). The provision requiring the Speaker to appoint Members primarily 
responsible for the legislation was added in the 95th Congress (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70). Before the House recodified its rules in 
the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 6(f) of 
rule X (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  Prior to 1880 the House might take from the Speaker the appointment of 
a select committee (IV, 4448, 4470; VIII, 2192) and on several occasions 
did so in fact (IV, 4471-4476). In the earlier usage of the House the 
Member moving a select committee was appointed its chairman (II, 1275; 
III, 2342; IV, 4514-4516). However, in modern practice, except for 
matters of ceremony, the inconvenience and even impropriety of the usage 
has caused it often to be disregarded (IV, 4517-4523, 4671).

  It is within the discretion of the Chair as to whom he appoints as 
conferees (June 24, 1932, p. 13876; July 8, 1947, p. 8469), and his 
discretion is not subject to challenge on a point of order even though 
clause 11 requires the Speaker to appoint as conferees Members who are 
primarily responsible for the legislation (Speaker O'Neill, Oct. 12, 
1977, p. 33434). A motion to instruct the Speaker as to the number and 
composition of a conference committee on the part of the House is not in 
order (VIII, 2193, 3221), and a motion to instruct conferees does not 
necessarily form the basis for the Speaker's determination under this 
clause as to which Members support the legislation (May 9, 1990, p. 
9830).


[[Page 344]]

ing jurisdiction over the subject matter thereof (Speaker O'Neill, Aug. 
27, 1980, p. 23548; July 24, 1986, p. 17644), and also members from such 
committees as additional rather than exclusive conferees on other 
nongermane portions of the Senate bill (July 24, 1986, p. 17644). Where 
a comprehensive matter is committed to conference, the Speaker may 
appoint separate groups of conferees from several committees for 
concurrent or exclusive consideration of provisions within their 
respective jurisdictions (Feb. 7, 1990, p. 1522; May 9, 1990, p. 9830). 
Pursuant to this clause the Speaker may by the terms of his appointment 
empower a group of exclusive conferees to report in total disagreement 
(June 10, 1988, p. 14077; Sept. 20, 1989, p. 20955). Pursuant to this 
clause the Speaker may remove a conferee (Mar. 10, 1998, p. ----; Oct. 
5, 1998, p. ----). In the 102d Congress the Speaker reiterated his 
announced policy of simplifying conference appointments by noting on the 
occasion of a relatively complex appointment that, inasmuch as 
conference committees are select committees that dissolve when their 
report is acted upon, conference appointments should not be construed as 
jurisdictional precedent (Speaker Foley, June 3, 1992, p. 13288). The 
Speaker may fill a vacancy on a conference committee by appointment but 
may not accept a resignation from a conference committee (as contrasted 
with his authority to remove) absent an order of the House (Nov. 4, 
1987, p. 30808). On June 21, 1977, Speaker O'Neill first exercised his 
discretionary authority to appoint a principal proponent of an adopted 
floor amendment as an additional limited conferee on that issue (p. 
20132).
  The Speaker may appoint conferees from committees (1) which have not 
reported a measure, (2) which have jurisdiction over provisions of a 
non-germane Senate amendment to a House amendment to a Senate bill 
originally narrower in scope (Speaker O'Neill, Nov. 28, 1979, p. 33904), 
or (3) which have jurisdiction over provisions of an original Senate 
bill where the House amendment was narrower in scope (Speaker O'Neill, 
July 28, 1980, p. 19875; July 11, 1985, p. 18545). The Speaker may also 
appoint one who, although not a member of the committee of jurisdiction, 
is a principal proponent of the measure (Speaker Gingrich, Feb. 1, 1995, 
p. 3258). The Speaker has appointed as sole conferees on a nongermane 
portion of a Senate bill or amendment only members from the committee 
hav


Declaration of recess
  For a further discussion of the Speaker's authority to appoint 
conferees, see Sec. 536, supra.




Sec. 638. Authority to declare recesses.

  12.  To suspend the 
business of the House for a short time when no question is pending 
before the House, the Speaker may declare a recess subject to the call 
of the Chair.



Other responsibilities
  This clause was added in the 103d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1993, 
p. 49). Having postponed proceedings on a pending question, the Speaker 
may declare a recess for a short time under clause 12 of rule I (there 
being no question then pending before the House) (Apr. 30, 1998, p. ----
).


[[Page 345]]

House. The system may provide for the testing of a Member, Delegate, 
Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House, and otherwise 
shall be comparable in scope to the system for drug testing in the 
executive branch pursuant to Executive Order 12564 (Sept. 15, 1986). The 
expenses of the system may be paid from applicable accounts of the House 
for official expenses.



Sec. 639. Drug testing in the House.

  13.  The Speaker, in 
consultation with the Minority Leader, shall develop through an 
appropriate entity of the House a system for drug testing in the





 
  This clause was added in the 105th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, 
p. ----). Clerical and stylistic changes to this clause were effected 
when the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

                                 Rule II


Elections
                      other officers and officials




Sec. 640. Election, oath, and removal of officers.

  1.  There 
shall be elected at the commencement of each Congress, to continue in 
office until their successors are chosen and qualified, a Clerk, a 
Sergeant-at-Arms, a Chief Administrative Officer, and a Chaplain. Each 
of these officers shall take an oath to support the Constitution of the 
United States, and for the true and faithful exercise of the duties of 
his office to the best of his knowledge and ability, and to keep the 
secrets of the House. Each of these officers shall appoint all of the 
employees of his department provided for by law. The Clerk, Sergeant-at-
Arms, and Chief Administrative Officer may be removed by the House or by 
the Speaker.



[[Page 346]]

XIII, and former clause 5 of rule XVI under rule II (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). A rudimentary form of this clause was adopted in 1789, 
and was amended several times prior to 1880, when it assumed the form it 
retained for more than a century (I, 187). During the 102d Congress, 
section 2 of the House Administrative Reform Resolution of 1992 amended 
the clause to abolish the Office of the Postmaster (see Sec. 668, infra) 
and to empower the Speaker to remove elected officers (H. Res. 423, Apr. 
9, 1992, p. 9039). The 104th Congress made conforming changes to the 
clause to reflect the abolishment of the Office of the Doorkeeper and 
the establishment of an elected Chief Administrative Officer (sec. 
201(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 463). Clerical and stylistic changes 
were effected when the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). For a discussion of the former 
Office of the Doorkeeper, see Sec. 663a, infra; and for a discussion of 
the evolution of the Chief Administrative Officer (an elected officer) 
from the former Director of Non-legislative and Financial Services (an 
officer appointed jointly by the Speaker and the Majority and Minority 
Leaders under clause 1 of rule VI of the 103d Congress), see Sec. 664, 
infra.
  When the House recodified its rules, it consolidated former rules II 
through VII, former clauses 10 and 11 of rule I, former clause 6 of rule

  The House having discarded a theory that the rules might be imposed by 
one House on its successor (V, 6743-6745), it follows that this clause 
is not operative at the organization before the rules are adopted. 
Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, the House 
was required under former rule II to elect its Speaker and other 
officers by a viva voce vote following nominations (I, 204, 208). 
However, the officers mentioned in the rule, other than Speaker, were, 
even then, usually chosen by resolution, which is not a viva voce 
election (I, 193, 194). A majority vote is required for the election of 
officers of both Houses of Congress (VI, 23). The act of 1789 provides 
that the oath of office shall be administered to the Speaker by any 
Member and by the Speaker to the Clerk (I, 130). The Speaker also at the 
same time administers the oath to the other elective officers (I, 81). 
The Member of longest continuous service has traditionally administered 
the oath to the Speaker (I, 131). However, on some occasions the Speaker 
has selected the Member to administer the oath (VI, 6, 7). The 
requirement that the officers be sworn to keep the secrets of the House 
had become obsolete (I, 187), but the 104th Congress adopted a 
requirement that Members, officers, and employees subscribe an oath of 
secrecy regarding classified information (clause 13 of rule XXIII). 
Clause 4(d)(1)(A) of rule X requires the Committee on House 
Administration to provide policy direction for, and oversight of, the 
Inspector General, and oversight of the Clerk, Sergeant-at-Arms, and 
Chief Administrative Officer (see Sec. 752, infra).


[[Page 347]]

compensation (July 8, 1953, p. 8242). The Legislative Reorganization Act 
of 1946 (2 U.S.C. 75a-1) authorizes the Speaker to fill temporary 
vacancies in the offices of Clerk, Sergeant-at-Arms, Chief 
Administrative Officer, and Chaplain. A former version of the Act also 
permitted temporary appointments to the former offices of Doorkeeper and 
Postmaster. The Speaker has exercised his authority to fill temporary 
vacancies in the offices of Sergeant-at-Arms (Jan. 6, 1954, p. 8; June 
30, 1972, p. 23665; Feb. 28, 1980, p. 4350; and Mar. 12, 1992, p. 5519), 
Clerk (Nov. 15, 1975, p. 36901; Jan. 1, 1999, p. ----), Chaplain (Mar. 
14, 1966, p. 5712; Mar. 23, 2000, p. ----), Doorkeeper (Dec. 20, 1974, 
p. 41855), and Chief Administrative Officer (Jan. 9, 1997, p. ----). A 
resolution electing a House officer is presented as a question of 
privilege (July 31, 1997, p. ----). The resignation of an elected 
officer of the House is subject to acceptance by the House (Mar. 23, 
2000, p. ----).

Clerk
  The House has declined to interfere with the Clerk's power of removing 
his subordinates (I, 249). Employees under the Clerk and other officers 
are to be assigned only to the duties for which they are appointed (V, 
7232). The Sergeant-at-Arms having died, the Clerk was elected by the 
House to serve temporarily also as Sergeant-at-Arms without additional




Sec. 641. Clerk; commencement of first session.

  2.  (a) At the 
commencement of the first session of each Congress, the Clerk shall call 
the Members, Delegates, and Resident Commissioner to order and proceed 
to record their presence by States in alphabetical order, either by call 
of the roll or by use of the electronic voting system. Pending the 
election of a Speaker or Speaker pro tempore, the Clerk shall preserve 
order and decorum and decide all questions of order, subject to appeal 
by a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner.


  In 1880 several rules, adopted at different periods from 1794 to 1846, 
were consolidated into this clause, which, before the House recodified 
its rules in the 106th Congress, was found in rule III (H. Res. 5, Jan. 
6, 1999, p. ----). Paragraph (a) was initially framed in 1880, on a 
basis furnished by a rule of 1860 (I, 64), and amended in 1911.


[[Page 348]]

an ex officio member of the Federal Election Commission established 
pursuant to Public Law 94-283; 2 U.S.C. 437c; and to make certain 
reports on receipts and expenditures (2 U.S.C. 102, 103, 113; see 
Sec. 655, infra). Instance of Clerk serving temporarily also as 
Sergeant-at-Arms (July 8, 1953, p. 8242).


Sec. 642. Other duties of the Clerk.

  Various  administrative 
duties, similar to those specified in this clause, are imposed on the 
Clerk by law (I, 253; Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, 60 Stat. 
812); and the law also makes it his duty to furnish stationery, blank 
books, etc., to the committees and officers of the House (V, 7322); to 
exercise discretionary authority as to reprinting of bills and documents 
(V, 7319); to receive the testimony taken in election contests (I, 703, 
705; see also Federal Contested Election Act, P.L. 91-138, 83 Stat. 
284), to serve as




Sec. 643. Clerk's duties at organization.

  As  rules are not 
usually adopted until after the election of the Speaker, this paragraph 
is not in force at the time of organization of a new House. The 
procedure at organization does, however, follow a practice conforming to 
the terms of the paragraph (I, 81), although the House may depart from 
it. Since the 97th Congress, for example, the House has permitted by 
unanimous consent the alphabetical roll call of Members by States to be 
conducted by electronic device to establish a quorum (Jan. 5, 1981, pp. 
93-96). For a discussion of procedure in the House before the adoption 
of rules, including the procedure by which the Clerk conducts the 
election of the Speaker, see Sec. Sec. 27 and 60, supra. The Clerk, in 
presiding before the election of the Speaker, recognizes Members (I, 
74). The Members-elect have, before the election of the Speaker or 
adoption of rules, authorized the Clerk and Sergeant-at-Arms of the last 
House to preserve order (I, 101); but usually such action has not been 
taken, although an occasion might arise to make it necessary (I, 76, 
77).


  While the Speaker ceases to be an officer of the House with the 
expiration of a Congress, the Clerk, by old usage, continues in a new 
Congress (I, 187, 188, 235, 244).-



Sec. 644. The roll of Memberselect.

  The  roll of Members is 
made up by the Clerk from the credentials, in accordance with a 
provision of law (I, 14-62; VI, 2; 2 U.S.C. 26). A certificate of 
election in due form having been filed, the Clerk placed the name of the 
Member-elect on the roll, although he was subsequently advised that a 
State Supreme Court had issued a writ restraining the Secretary of State 
from issuing such certificate (Jan. 3, 1949, p. 8). The call of the roll 
may not be interrupted, especially by one not on that roll (I, 84), and 
a person not on the roll may not be recognized (I, 86). A motion to 
proceed to the election of the Speaker is of higher privilege than a 
motion to correct the roll (I, 19-24). The House has declined to permit 
enrollment by the Clerk to be final as to prima facie right (I, 376, 
589, 592).



[[Page 349]]

thority. The Clerk having died, and in the absence of the Sergeant-at-
Arms, the Doorkeeper of the 79th Congress presided at organization of 
the 80th Congress (Jan. 3, 1947, p. 33). The Clerk, having been 
appointed pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 75a-1 by the previous Speaker at the end 
of the 105th Congress to fill a vacancy caused by resignation of the 
Clerk elected for that Congress, presided at the organization of the 
106th Congress (Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



Sec. 645. Clerk as presiding officer at 
organizations.

  In  early years the authority of the Clerk to decide 
questions of order pending the election of a Speaker was questioned (I, 
65). The Clerks often declined to make decisions (I, 68-72; V, 5325). 
However, in 1855 and 1997 the Clerk decided a question of order; and in 
1997 the Clerk was sustained on appeal (I, 91; Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). 
During the existence of a rule that applied the rules of a prior House 
to a successor House (1860 through 1890) (I, 64; V, 6743-6747) the 
Clerks made several rulings (I, 76, 77; VI, 623). In a case of vacancy 
arising after the adoption of rules, this rule would be operative and 
conclude questions as to the Clerk's au





Sec. 646. Clerk furnishes a list of reports.

  (b)  At the 
commencement of every regular session of Congress, the Clerk shall make 
and cause to be delivered to each Member, Delegate, and the Resident 
Commissioner a list of the reports that any officer or Department is 
required to make to Congress, citing the law or resolution in which the 
requirement may be contained and placing under the name of each officer 
the list of reports he is required to make.



  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 2 of rule II (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). The paragraph was initially adopted in 1822 (I, 252). It 
was amended in the 107th Congress to permit the Clerk to publish the 
list in a form other than printed (sec. 2(a), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, 
p. ----).

  (c) The Clerk shall--



Sec. 647. Clerk's duty as to Journal and 
documents.

      (1) note  all questions of order, with the decisions thereon, the 
record of which shall be appended to the Journal of each session;


      (2) enter on the Journal the hour at which the House adjourns;


[[Page 350]]

      (3) complete the distribution of the Journal to Members, 
Delegates, and the Resident Commissioner, together with an accurate and 
complete index, as soon as possible after the close of a session; and


      (4) send a copy of the Journal to the executive of and to each 
branch of the legislature of every State as may be requested by such 
State officials.


  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
paragraph (except subparagraph (2)) was found in former clause 3 of rule 
III; and subparagraph (2) was found in former clause 5 of rule XVI (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Subparagraph (2) was adopted initially 
in 1837 and amended in 1880 (V, 6740). Former provisions directing the 
Clerk to make all contracts, keep contingent and stationery accounts, 
and pay officers and employees were stricken by section 3 of the House 
Administrative Reform Resolution of 1992 (H. Res. 423, 102d Cong., Apr. 
9, 1992, p. 9050), to relieve the Clerk of functions to be transferred 
to the Director of Non-legislative and Financial Services pursuant to 
section 7 of that resolution (see Sec. 664, infra). Clerical corrections 
were effected at the beginning of the 104th Congress (sec. 223(f), H. 
Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 469) and the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). During the 104th Congress the requirement to send a 
printed copy of the Journal to each branch of every State legislature 
was changed to an authorization to send such copies on request (H. Res. 
254, Nov. 30, 1995, p. 35077). Subparagraphs (3) and (4) were amended in 
the 107th Congress to permit the Clerk to publish the Journal in a form 
other than printed (sec. 2(a), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).



Sec. 648. Attests and seals process and certifies 
passage of bills; oversees engrossment and enrollment process.

  (d)(1)  The 
Clerk shall attest and affix the seal of the House to all writs, 
warrants, and subpoenas issued by order of the House and certify the 
passage of all bills and joint resolutions.



[[Page 351]]

Senate, and report to the House the fact and date of their presentment.

  (2) The Clerk shall examine all bills, amendments, and joint 
resolutions after passage by the House and, in cooperation with the 
Senate, examine all bills and joint resolutions that have passed both 
Houses to see that they are correctly enrolled and forthwith present 
those bills and joint resolutions that originated in the House to the 
President in person after their signature by the Speaker and the 
President of the

  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, 
subparagraph (1) was found in former clause 3 of rule III (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). When the House issues an order or warrant, the 
Speaker must issue the summons under his hand and seal, and it must be 
attested by the Clerk; but when the power is granted to a committee to 
send for persons and papers under clause 2(m) of rule XI, a summons 
signed by the chairman of the committee is sufficient (III, 1668).


  The enrollment process was originally the responsibility of the 
Committee on Enrolled Bills, which was created in 1789 by a joint rule 
of the two Houses (IV, 4350). This joint rule lapsed in 1876 with other 
joint rules, but in 1880 the rules of the House were amended to again 
recognize the Committee on Enrolled Bills (IV, 4350, 4416; VII, 2099). 
Responsibility for the engrossment and enrollment process was given to 
the Committee on House Administration when that Committee was created 
effective January 2, 1947 as part of the Legislative Reorganization Act 
of 1946 (60 Stat. 812) as an enumerated subject of legislative 
jurisdiction. That responsibility was transferred from the Committee's 
legislative jurisdiction to its special oversight jurisdiction (see 
former clause 4(d)(1)(A) of rule X) by the Committee Reform Amendments 
of 1974, effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 
1974, p. 34470) and was transferred to the Clerk in the 107th Congress 
(sec. 2(b), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). The Clerk and the 
Secretary of the Senate make comparisons of bills of their respective 
Houses for enrollment, and the two cooperate in the interchange of bills 
for signature.




Sec. 649. Calendars distributed.

  (e)  The Clerk shall cause 
the calendars of the House to be distributed each legislative day.



  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, paragraph 
(e) was found in former clause 6 of rule XIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, 
p. ----). This paragraph was adopted initially in the 62d Congress, 
April 5, 1911 (VI, 743), and amended December 8, 1931 (pp. 10, 83). It 
was amended in the 107th Congress to permit the Clerk to publish the 
calendars in a form other than printed (sec. 2(a), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 
2001, p. ----).

  (f) The Clerk shall--


[[Page 352]]

withdrawn therefrom, two copies of all the books and printed documents 
deposited there; and


Sec. 650. Documents.

      (1) retain  in the library at the 
Office of the Clerk for the use of the Members, Delegates, Resident 
Commissioner, and officers of the House, and not to be



      (2) deliver to any Member, Delegate, or the Resident Commissioner 
an extra copy of each document requested by that Member, Delegate, or 
Resident Commissioner that has been printed by order of either House of 
Congress in any Congress in which the Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner served.


  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, 
paragraphs (c) and (f) were found in former clause 3 of rule III (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). They were amended in the 92d Congress to 
include Delegates and the Resident Commissioner among those entitled to 
the listed services (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, pp. 140-44; H. Res. 1153, 
Oct. 13, 1972, pp. 36013-15). It was amended in the 107th Congress to 
permit the Clerk to distribute documents by a method other than mail and 
in a form other than bound (sec. 2(a), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----
).




Sec. 651. Official to act as Clerk upon designation.

  (g)  The 
Clerk shall provide for his temporary absence or disability by 
designating an official in the Office of the Clerk to sign all papers 
that may require the official signature of the Clerk and to do all other 
official acts that the Clerk may be required to do under the rules and 
practices of the House, except such official acts as are provided for by 
statute. Official acts done by the designated official shall be under 
the name of the Clerk. The designation shall be in writing and shall be 
laid before the House and entered on the Journal.




[[Page 353]]


  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
paragraph was found in former clause 4 of rule III (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). It was adopted initially on January 18, 1912 (VI, 25) 
and was amended January 3, 1953 (p. 16). Form of designation of a Clerk 
pro tempore (VI, 26).




Sec. 652. Authority to receive messages.

  (h)  The Clerk may 
receive messages from the President and from the Senate at any time when 
the House is not in session.



  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
paragraph was found in former clause 5 of rule III (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). It was adopted initially in the 97th Congress (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 5, 1981, pp. 98-113). In the case of Kennedy v. Sampson, 511 
F.2d 430 (D.C. Cir. 1974) (see Sec. 113, supra, accompanying Const., 
art. I, sec. 7, cl. 2) a United States Court of Appeals held that a bill 
could not be pocket-vetoed by the President during an ``intrasession'' 
adjournment of Congress to a day certain for more than three days, where 
the House of origin has made appropriate arrangements for the receipt of 
Presidential messages during the adjournment. Under this clause the 
Clerk may receive messages during recesses as well as during 
adjournments (Dec. 22, 1987, p. 37966).



Sec. 653. Administration of vacant Member's 
office.

  (i)(1)  The Clerk shall supervise the staff and manage the office of a 
Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner who has died, resigned, or 
been expelled until a successor is elected. The Clerk shall perform 
similar duties in the event that a vacancy is declared by the House in 
any congressional district because of the incapacity of the person 
representing such district or other reason. Whenever the Clerk is acting 
as a supervisory authority over such staff, he shall have authority to 
terminate employees and, with the approval of the Committee on House 
Administration, may appoint such staff as is required to operate the 
office until a successor is elected.



[[Page 354]]

nent law by chapter VIII of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1971) 
(2 U.S.C. 31b-5).

  (2) For 60 days following the death of a former Speaker, the Clerk 
shall maintain on the House payroll, and shall supervise in the same 
manner, staff appointed under House Resolution 1238, Ninety-first 
Congress (as enacted into perma


-  (j) In <> addition to any other 
reports required by the Speaker or the Committee on House 
Administration, the Clerk shall report to the Committee on House 
Administration not later than 45 days following the close of each 
semiannual period ending on June 30 or on December 31 on the financial 
and operational status of each function under the jurisdiction of the 
Clerk. Each report shall include financial statements and a description 
or explanation of current operations, the implementation of new policies 
and procedures, and future plans for each function.
  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
paragraph was found in former clause 6 of rule III (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). It was adopted initially in the 98th Congress (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 3, 1983, p. 34). It was amended in the 104th and 106th 
Congresses to reflect changes in the name of the Committee on House 
Administration (sec. 202(b), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464; H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).




Sec. 655. Cooperation with others.

  (k)  The Clerk shall fully 
cooperate with the appropriate offices and persons in the performance of 
reviews and audits of financial records and administrative operations.


  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, 
paragraphs (j) and (k) were found in former clauses 7 and 8 of rule III 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). They were adopted initially in the 
104th Congress (sec. 201(b), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 463). A 
conforming change was effected at the beginning of the 106th Congress in 
the name of the Committee on House Administration (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).


[[Page 355]]

right to examine the actual financial records that are used in preparing 
such reports (Trimble v. Johnston, 173 F. Supp. 651, D.C. Cir. 1959).

Sergeant-at-Arms--
  The Clerk is also required to make certain reports on receipts and 
expenditures under law (2 U.S.C. 102, 103, 113), which are available to 
the public. However, members of the public have no statutory or 
constitutional




Sec. 656. SergeantatArms enforces authority of House.

  3. (a)   
The Sergeant-at-Arms shall attend the House during its sittings and 
maintain order under the direction of the Speaker or other presiding 
officer. The Sergeant-at-Arms shall execute the commands of the House, 
and all processes issued by authority thereof, directed to him by the 
Speaker.


  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
paragraph was found in former clause 1 of rule IV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). It was adopted initially in 1789, with additions and 
amendments in 1838, 1877, 1890 (I, 257), 1911 (VI, 29), and 1971. 
Amendments adopted in the 92d Congress clarified the responsibility of 
the Sergeant-at-Arms to keep the accounts for the pay and mileage of the 
Delegates from the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands 
and the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico as well as for Members 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144; H. Res. 1153, Oct. 13, 1972, pp. 
36013-15). In the 94th Congress, the provisions of House Resolution 732, 
directing the Sergeant-at-Arms to enter into agreements with State 
officials, with the approval of the Committee on House Administration, 
to withhold State income taxes from the pay of each Member subject to 
such State income tax and requesting such withholding, were enacted into 
permanent law (90 Stat. 1448; 2 U.S.C. 60e-1b). Former provisions of 
this clause directing the Sergeant-at-Arms to keep the accounts for the 
pay and mileage of Members and Delegates and the Resident Commissioner 
from Puerto Rico were stricken by section 4 of the House Administrative 
Reform Resolution of 1992 (H. Res. 423, 102d Cong., Apr. 9, 1992, p. 
9039), to relieve the Sergeant-at-Arms of functions to be transferred to 
the Director of Non-legislative and Financial Services pursuant to 
section 7 of that resolution (see Sec. 664, supra). During the 102d 
Congress, the House adopted a resolution presented by the Majority 
Leader as a question of the privileges of the House to terminate all 
bank and check-cashing operations in the Office of the Sergeant-at-Arms 
and direct the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct to review GAO 
audits of such operations (Oct. 3, 1991, p. 25435). When former rule IV 
was rewritten in the 104th Congress, clause 1 was restated without 
change (sec. 201(c), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 463).


[[Page 356]]

House described in clause 1(i)(1) of rule X''), under rules prescribed 
by the Committee on House Administration, to defray the expenses of the 
funeral of a deceased Member of the House and the expenses of any 
delegation of Members of Congress duly appointed to attend (76 Stat. 
686; 2 U.S.C. 124).
  The Sergeant-at-Arms is authorized to make payments from the 
contingent fund of the House (now referred to as ``applicable accounts 
of the

  The Speaker ordered that documents received in a communication from an 
independent counsel advising the House of substantial and credible 
information that may constitute grounds for impeachment of the President 
be kept under armed guard of the Sergeant-at-Arms until the House 
determined which documents to make available to the public (Sept. 9, 
1998, p. ----).

  At the organization of the House in a new Congress the election of 
Speaker occurs before the adoption of rules. Therefore this rule is not 
in force at that time, and in case of necessity a special rule may be 
adopted conferring the authority, as was done in 1849 and 1859 (I, 101, 
102).


-- <>   (b) The symbol of the office of the Sergeant-at-Arms shall 
be the mace, which shall be borne by him while enforcing order on the 
floor.

  Duties are imposed on the Sergeant-at-Arms by law (I, 258): Control of 
Capitol police; and the making up of the roll of Members-elect and 
presiding over the organization of a new Congress in case of vacancy in 
the Office of the Clerk, or the absence or disability of that officer (2 
U.S.C. 26). The death of the Sergeant-at-Arms being announced, the House 
passed appropriate resolutions and adjourned as a mark of respect (VI, 
32; July 8, 1953, p. 8263). The Clerk having died, and in the absence of 
the Sergeant-at-Arms, the Doorkeeper of the 79th Congress presided at 
the organization of the 80th Congress (Jan. 3, 1947, p. 33). In the 83d 
Congress the Sergeant-at-Arms having died, the Clerk was elected to 
serve temporarily both as Clerk and Sergeant-at-Arms (July 8, 1953, p. 
8242), and upon resignation by the Clerk from his additional position of 
Sergeant-at-Arms, the Speaker, pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 75a-1, appointed a 
temporary Sergeant-at-Arms (Jan. 6, 1954, p. 8). The Sergeant-at-Arms 
having resigned in the 96th Congress, the Speaker appointed a temporary 
Sergeant-at-Arms pursuant to the statute (Feb. 28, 1980, pp. 4349-50); 
and the same occurred in the 102d Congress (Mar. 12, 1992, p. 5519). 
Instance where the Senate by resolution removed its Sergeant-at-Arms 
(VI, 37).


[[Page 357]]

1347). Extreme disorder arising on the floor, the Speaker directed the 
Sergeant-at-Arms to enforce order with the mace (VI, 258; VIII, 2530).

  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
paragraph was found in former clause 2 of rule IV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). It was adopted initially in 1789 (II, 1346). When former 
rule IV was rewritten entirely in the 104th Congress, the paragraph was 
restated without change (sec. 201(c), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 463). 
An attempt to enforce order without the mace gave rise to a question of 
privilege (II,



Sec. 658. Doorkeeping.

  (c)  The Sergeant-at-Arms shall 
enforce strictly the rules relating to the privileges of the Hall of the 
House and be responsible to the House for the official conduct of his 
employees.



  (d) The Sergeant-at-Arms may not allow a person to enter the room over 
the Hall of the House during its sittings; and from 15 minutes before 
the hour of the meeting of the House each day until 10 minutes after 
adjournment, he shall see that the floor is cleared of all persons 
except those privileged to remain.


-  (e) <> In addition to any other 
reports required by the Speaker or the Committee on House 
Administration, the Sergeant-at-Arms shall report to the Committee on 
House Administration not later than 45 days following the close of each 
semiannual period ending on June 30 or on December 31 on the financial 
and operational status of each function under the jurisdiction of the 
Sergeant-at-Arms. Each report shall include financial statements and a 
description or explanation of current operations, the implementation of 
new policies and procedures, and future plans for each function.

[[Page 358]]

  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, 
paragraphs (c) and (d) were found in former clauses 3 and 4 of rule IV 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). They were adopted initially in the 
104th Congress to transfer functions incident to the abolishment of the 
Office of the Doorkeeper (sec. 201(c), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 463). 
For the history of the Office of the Doorkeeper, see Sec. 663a, infra.




Sec. 660. Cooperation with others.

  (f) The  Sergeant-at-Arms 
shall fully cooperate with the appropriate offices and persons in the 
performance of reviews and audits of financial records and 
administrative operations.



Chief Administrative Officer
  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, 
paragraphs (e) and (f) were found in former clauses 5 and 6 of rule IV 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). They were adopted initially in the 
104th Congress (sec. 201(c), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 463). A 
conforming change was effected at the beginning of the 106th Congress in 
the name of the Committee on House Administration (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).



Sec. 661. Duties.

  4.  (a) The Chief Administrative Officer shall 
have operational and financial responsibility for functions as assigned 
by the Committee on House Administration and shall be subject to the 
oversight of the Committee on House Administration.-




Sec. 662. Semiannual reports.

  (b)  In addition to any other 
reports required by the Committee on House Administration, the Chief 
Administrative Officer shall report to the Committee on House 
Administration not later than 45 days following the close of each 
semiannual period ending on June 30 or December 31 on the financial and 
operational status of each function under the jurisdiction of the Chief 
Administrative Officer. Each report shall include financial statements 
and a description or explanation of current operations, the 
implementation of new policies and procedures, and future plans for each 
function.



[[Page 359]]

ance of reviews and audits of financial records and administrative 
operations.



Sec. 663. Cooperation with others.

  (c)  The Chief 
Administrative Officer shall fully cooperate with the appropriate 
offices and persons in the perform


  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, clause 4 
was found in former rule V (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). It was 
adopted initially in this form in the 104th Congress (sec. 201(c), H. 
Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 463). It was amended in the 105th Congress to 
eliminate the supervisory role of the Speaker over the Chief 
Administrative Officer (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). A conforming 
change was effected at the beginning of the 106th Congress in the name 
of the Committee on House Administration (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. --
--). It was amended in the 107th Congress to reflect the removal of the 
requirement that the Committee on House Administration provide policy 
direction to the Chief Administrative Officer (sec. 2(g), H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). The earlier form of the rule enumerated the 
duties of the Doorkeeper, which were transferred to the Sergeant-at-Arms 
incident to the abolishment of the Office of the Doorkeeper.



Sec. 663a. Former Office of Doorkeeper.

  Before  the 104th 
Congress (sec. 201(c), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 463), rule V 
enumerated the duties of the Doorkeeper, who enforced the rules relating 
to the privileges of the Hall of the House. The earlier form of the rule 
was adopted in 1838 and amended in 1869, 1880 (I, 260), and 1890 (V, 
7295). By law the Doorkeeper was assigned certain administrative duties 
(I, 262), including certain housekeeping functions. Through his 
employees and appointees, the Doorkeeper also discharged various duties 
not enumerated in the law or in the rules, such as announcing at the 
door of the Hall of the House all messengers from the President and the 
Senate (V, 6591). The Clerk having died, and the Sergeant-at-Arms having 
been absent, the Doorkeeper of the 79th Congress presided at the 
organization of the 80th Congress (Jan. 3, 1947, p. 33). In the 78th 
Congress, the House adopted a resolution on the death of the Doorkeeper 
and appointed a committee to attend his funeral (Jan. 28, 1943, pp. 421-
22).-



[[Page 360]]

previous responsibility for a function or entity would remain fixed 
until such function or entity were transferred. Pursuant to clause 1 of 
rule VI of the 103d Congress (then still designated as rule LII of the 
102d Congress), the Speaker, the Majority Leader, and the Minority 
Leader jointly appointed the first Director of Non-legislative and 
Financial Services of the House on October 23, 1992 (Oct. 29, 1992, p. 
34802).

Chaplain


Sec. 664. Former Director of Nonlegislative and 
Financial Services.

  The Chief  Administrative Officer supplanted the Director of 
Non-legislative and Financial Services formerly provided for under 
clause 1 of rule VI in the 103d Congress, which corresponded to an 
erstwhile rule LII of the 102d Congress. Certain functions and entities 
formerly within the purview of elected officers were transferred to the 
Director of Non-legislative and Financial Services pursuant to section 7 
of the House Administrative Reform Resolution of 1992 (H. Res. 423, Apr. 
9, 1992, p. 9040). Section 7(b) of that resolution vested the Committee 
on House Administration with authority to prescribe regulations 
providing for the orderly transfer of such functions and entities and 
any other transfers necessary for the improvement of non-legislative and 
financial services in the House, so long as not transferring a function 
or entity within the jurisdiction of the committee under rule X. Section 
13 of the resolution provided that





Sec. 665. Duties of the Chaplain.

  5. The  Chaplain shall offer a 
prayer at the commencement of each day's sitting of the House.


  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
clause was found in former rule VII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). 
It was adopted initially in 1880 (I, 272), but the sessions of the House 
were opened with prayer from the first, and the Chaplain was an officer 
of the House before the adoption of the rule (I, 273-282). The Chaplain 
takes the oath prescribed for the officers of the House (VI, 31; Feb. 1, 
1950, p. 1311). Prayer by the Chaplain is not business requiring the 
presence of a quorum and the Speaker declines to entertain a point of no 
quorum before prayer is offered (VI, 663; clause 7(a)(1) of rule XX). 
There is no precedent for prayer to be offered by the Chaplain during a 
continuous session of the House, absent an adjournment or recess 
(compare Apr. 22 and 23, 1985, pp. 8753 and 8959). Form of resignation 
of the Chaplain (Feb. 28, 1921, p. 4075; Jan. 30, 1950, p. 1097; Mar. 
23, 2000, p. ----). The election of a Chaplain emeritus (VI, 31; Jan. 
30, 1950, p. 1095; Nov. 10, 1999, p. ----).


Office of Inspector General
  During the 97th Congress, the Supreme Court held that employment of a 
chaplain for the legislative body of Nebraska did not violate the 
Establishment Clause of the first amendment to the Constitution (Marsh 
v. Chambers, 463 U.S. 783 (1983)). The Court of Appeals cited the Marsh 
decision as controlling authority in a similar challenge to the House 
Chaplain (Murray v. Buchanan, 729 F.2d 689 (D.C. Cir. 1983)). The House 
adopted a privileged resolution articulating its position in the Murray 
case (H. Res. 413, Mar. 30, 1982, p. 5890).



Sec. 667. Inspector General.

  6. (a)  There is established an 
Office of Inspector General.



[[Page 361]]

  (b) The Inspector General shall be appointed for a Congress by the 
Speaker, the Majority Leader, and the Minority Leader, acting jointly.

  (c) Subject to the policy direction and oversight of the Committee on 
House Administration, the Inspector General shall only--

      (1) conduct periodic audits of the financial and administrative 
functions of the House and of joint entities;

      (2) inform the officers or other officials who are the subject of 
an audit of the results of that audit and suggesting appropriate 
curative actions;

      (3) simultaneously notify the Speaker, the Majority Leader, the 
Minority Leader, and the chairman and ranking minority member of the 
Committee on House Administration in the case of any financial 
irregularity discovered in the course of carrying out responsibilities 
under this clause;

      (4) simultaneously submit to the Speaker, the Majority Leader, the 
Minority Leader, and the chairman and ranking minority member of the 
Committee on House Administration a report of each audit conducted under 
this clause; and



[[Page 362]]


      (5) report to the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct 
information involving possible violations by a Member, Delegate, 
Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House of any rule of 
the House or of any law applicable to the performance of official duties 
or the discharge of official responsibilities that may require referral 
to the appropriate Federal or State authorities under clause 3(a)(3) of 
rule XI.

  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
clause was found in former rule VI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). 
It was adopted initially in this form at the beginning of the 104th 
Congress (sec. 201(c), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 463). Later in the 
104th Congress and in the 106th Congress it was amended to effect a 
technical correction (H. Res. 254, Nov. 30, 1995, p. 35077; H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Its predecessor form was composed in the 103d 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1993, p. 49) by combining two rules adopted 
in the House Administrative Reform Resolution of 1992 (H. Res. 423, 102d 
Cong., Apr. 9, 1992, p. 9040). For the history of former rule VI before 
1992, see Sec. 668, infra.

  In the form of the rule adopted in the 103d Congress, paragraph (a) 
(former clause 1) corresponded to an erstwhile rule LII of the 102d 
Congress (relating to the Director of Non-legislative and Financial 
Services, who in the 104th Congress was supplanted by the Chief 
Administrative Officer; see clause 4 of rule II, Sec. Sec. 661-663, 
supra), and paragraph (b) (former clause 2) corresponded to an erstwhile 
rule LIII of the 102d Congress (relating to the Inspector General). The 
104th Congress rewrote clause 2 of rule VI (as it was composed in the 
103d Congress) to occupy all of rule VI and to: broaden the auditing 
responsibilities beyond the offices of the elected officers (paragraph 
(c)(1), former clause 2(c)(1)); add requirements for simultaneous 
reporting (paragraphs (c)(3) and (4), former clauses 2(c)(3) and (4)); 
delete a provision relating to classification of employees (former 
clause 2(d)); and add the responsibility to report certain information 
to the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct (paragraph (c)(5)) 
(sec. 201, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464). The 104th Congress also 
mandated that the Inspector General, in consultation with the Speaker 
and the Committee on House Administration, procure an independent and 
comprehensive audit of House financial records and administrative 
operations and report the results thereof in accord with this rule (sec. 
107, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 463).


  Pursuant to clause 2(b) of the form of the rule adopted in the 103d 
Congress, the Speaker, the Majority Leader, and the Minority Leader 
jointly appointed the first Inspector General of the House of 
Representatives (Nov. 10, 1993, p. 28591).



[[Page 363]]

Office of the Historian


Sec. 668. Former Office of the Postmaster.

  Until  the 102d 
Congress, former rule VI provided for an Office of the Postmaster, who 
superintended the post offices of the House and the delivery of its 
mail. The earlier form of the rule was adopted in 1838 and amended in 
1880 (I, 270), 1911 (VI, 34), 1971 (H. Res. 5, 92d Cong., p. 144), and 
1972 (H. Res. 1153, 92d Cong., pp. 36013-15). The Office of the 
Postmaster was abolished during the 102d Congress by sections 2 and 5 of 
the House Administrative Reform Resolution of 1992 (H. Res. 423, Apr. 9, 
1992, p. 9040).





Sec. 669. Historian.

  7.  There is established an Office of the 
Historian of the House of Representatives. The Speaker shall appoint and 
set the annual rate of pay for employees of the Office of the Historian.



Office of General Counsel
  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 10 of rule I (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). It was adopted initially in the 101st Congress (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 3, 1989, p. 72). The second sentence was added in the 106th 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). An earlier form of this 
clause provided for the seven-year establishment of an Office for the 
Bicentennial to coordinate the commemoration of the two-hundredth 
anniversary of the House of Representatives (H. Res. 621, 97th Cong., 
Dec. 17, 1982, p. 31951). The management, supervision, and 
administration of the office was under the direction of the Speaker and 
was staffed by a professional historian appointed by the Speaker on a 
nonpartisan basis. In 1984 the Office of the Bicentennial was removed 
from the standing rules and established by law for the remainder of its 
existence in P.L. 98-367 (2 U.S.C. 29c).




Sec. 670. General Counsel.

  8.  There is established an Office of 
General Counsel for the purpose of providing legal assistance and 
representation to the House. Legal assistance and representation shall 
be provided without regard to political affiliation. The Office of 
General Counsel shall function pursuant to the direction of the Speaker, 
who shall consult with a Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group, which shall 
include the majority and minority leaderships. The Speaker shall appoint 
and set the annual rate of pay for employees of the Office of General 
Counsel.



[[Page 364]]

p. 49). The previous year, in section 12 of the House Administrative 
Reform Resolution of 1992 (H. Res. 423, Apr. 9, 1992, p. 9040), the 
House had directed the Committee on House Administration to provide for 
an Office of General Counsel in a manner ensuring appropriate 
coordination with and participation by both the majority and minority 
leaderships in matters of representation and litigation.
  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 11 of rule I (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). It was adopted intially in the 103d Congress (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 5, 1993,





 
  The General Counsel is authorized by law to appear in any proceeding 
before a State or Federal court (except the United States Supreme Court) 
without compliance with admission requirements of such court (2 U.S.C. 
130f(a)). Furthermore, the law requires the Attorney General to notify 
the General Counsel of a determination not to appeal a court decision 
affecting the constitutionality of an Act (2 U.S.C. 130f(b)).

                                Rule III


Voting
    the members, delegates, and resident commissioner of puerto rico




Sec. 671. Personal interest.

  1.  Every Member shall be present 
within the Hall of the House during its sittings, unless excused or 
necessarily prevented, and shall vote on each question put, unless he 
has a direct personal or pecuniary interest in the event of such 
question.


  When the House recodified its rules, it consolidated former rule VIII, 
rule XII, and clause 6(h) of rule X under rule III, except that viable 
provisions of former clause 2 of rule VIII were transferred to current 
clause 3 of rule XX. This clause was adopted initially in 1789, with 
amendment in 1890 (V, 5941). Before the House recodified its rules in 
the 106th Congress, this clause was found in former clause 1 of rule 
VIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 365]]

3011, footnote; VI, 30, 198), its general application is not practical 
under modern conditions. Form of resolution for the arrest of Members 
absent without leave (VI, 686).
  Leaves of absence are presented pending the motion to adjourn (IV, 
3151), and are usually granted by general consent, but sometimes are 
opposed or even refused (II, 1142-1145). Application for leave of 
absence is properly presented by filing with the Clerk the printed form 
to be secured at the desk rather than by oral request from the floor 
(VI, 199). Whether or not they are privileged is a matter of doubt (II, 
1146, 1147). Excuses for absence, as distinguished from leaves of 
absence, may be granted by less than a quorum (IV, 3000-3002). The 
statutes provide that deductions may be made from the salaries of 
Members who are absent without sufficient excuse (II, 1149, 1150); and 
while this law has been enforced (IV,



Sec. 672. Member's control of his own vote.

  It  has been 
found impracticable to enforce the provision requiring every Member to 
vote (V, 5942-5948), and such question, even if entertained, may not 
interrupt a pending record vote (V, 5947). The weight of authority also 
favors the idea that there is no authority in the House to deprive a 
Member of the right to vote (V, 5937, 5952, 5959, 5966, 5967; VIII, 
3072). In one or two early instances the Speaker decided that because of 
personal interest, a Member should not vote (V, 5955, 5958); but on all 
other occasions and in the later practice the Speaker has held that the 
Member himself and not the Chair should determine this question (V, 
5950, 5951; VIII, 3071; Speaker Albert, Dec. 2, 1975, p. 38135; Speaker 
O'Neill, Mar. 1, 1979, p. 3748; July 30, 1996, p. 19952), and the 
Speaker has denied his own power to deprive a Member of the 
constitutional right to vote (V, 5956; Speaker Albert, Dec. 2, 1975, p. 
38135; Speaker O'Neill, Mar. 1, 1979, p. 3748). Members may not vote in 
the House by proxy (VII, 1014). Instance where a Member submitted his 
resignation from a committee on grounds of disqualifying personal 
interest (VIII, 3074).


  The House has frequently excused Members from voting in cases of 
personal interest (III, 2294; V, 5962; Aug. 2, 1949, pp. 10591, 10592; 
Oct. 20, 1951, p. 13746; July 21, 1954, p. 11262; July 28, 1955, p. 
11930; July 12, 1956, p. 12566).




Sec. 673. Nature of disqualifying personal interest.

  It  is a 
principle of ``immemorial observance'' that a Member should withdraw 
when a question concerning himself arises (V, 5949); but it has been 
held that the disqualifying interest must be such as affects the Member 
directly (V, 5954, 5955, 5963), and not as one of a class (V, 5952; 
VIII, 3071, 3072; Speaker Bankhead, May 31, 1939, p. 6359; Speaker 
Albert, Dec. 2, 1975, p. 38135). In a case where question affected the 
titles of several Members to their seats, each refrained from voting in 
his own case, but did vote on the identical cases of his associates (V, 
5957, 5958). While a Member should not vote on the direct questions 
affecting himself, he has sometimes voted on incidental questions (V, 
5960, 5961).




Sec. 674. Voting.

  2.  (a) A Member may not authorize any 
other person to cast his vote or record his presence in the House or the 
Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union.



[[Page 366]]

the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union.

  (b) No other person may cast a Member's vote or record a Member's 
presence in the House or


Delegates and the Resident Commissioner
  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
clause was found in former clause 3 of rule VIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct 
recommended this addition to the rules in its May 15, 1980, report on 
voting anomalies which had occurred in the House (H. Rept. 96-991), and 
the House adopted the rule in the 97th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 
1981, pp. 98-113). Even prior to the addition of this clause, however, 
``ghost voting'' was considered unethical (VII, 1014; Dec. 18, 1987, p. 
36274).




Sec. 675. Committee service.

  3.  (a) Each Delegate and the 
Resident Commissioner shall be elected to serve on standing committees 
in the same manner as Members of the House and shall possess in such 
committees the same powers and privileges as the other members of the 
committee.


  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former rule XII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----
). Paragraph (a) resumed basically this form in the 104th Congress (sec. 
212, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 462). The first form of paragraph (a) 
was adopted in 1871, and it was perfected by amendments in 1876, 1880, 
1887, and 1892 (II, 1297). Reference to the Resident Commissioner was 
first found in 1904 (II, 1306). Paragraph (a) was again amended on 
January 2, 1947 (Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946), August 2, 1949 
(p. 10618), February 2, 1951 (p. 883), January 22, 1971 (H. Res. 5, 92d 
Cong., p. 144), January 3, 1973 (H. Res. 6, 93d Cong., p. 26), and 
January 3, 1991 (H. Res. 5, 102d Cong., p. 39). Paragraph (a) was 
completely revised in the 103d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1993, p. 49) 
to provide that each of the Delegates and the Resident Commissioner be 
elected to committees of the House on the same bases, vote in any 
committees on which they serve, and vote on questions arising in the 
Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. The latter power 
was affected by former clause 2(d) of rule XXIII (providing for 
immediate reconsideration in the House of questions resolved in the 
Committee of the Whole by a margin within which the votes of Delegates 
and the Resident Commissioner were decisive; see Sec. 984, infra).


[[Page 367]]

``revote'' where votes cast by Delegates had been decisive rendered 
their votes merely symbolic and not an investment of true legislative 
power (Michel v. Anderson, 14 F.3d 623 (D.C. Cir. 1994)). The changes 
effected in the 103d Congress were revoked in the 104th Congress (sec. 
212, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 462).
  The constitutionality of granting to Delegates the right to vote in 
the Committee of the Whole under the former rule, as circumscribed by 
former clause 2(d) of rule XXIII, was upheld based on the premise that 
immediate

  The office of Delegate was established by ordinance of the Continental 
Congress and confirmed by a law of Congress (I, 400, 421). The nature of 
the office has been the subject of much discussion (I, 400, 403, 473); 
and except as provided by law (I, 431, 526) the qualifications of the 
Delegate also have been a matter of discussion (I, 421, 423, 469, 470, 
473). A territory or district must be organized by law before the House 
will admit a Delegate (I, 405, 407, 411, 412). The office of Delegate 
from the District of Columbia was established by Public Law 91-405 (84 
Stat. 845). The offices of Delegate from the Territories of Guam and the 
Virgin Islands were established by Public Law 92-271 (86 Stat. 118). The 
office of Delegate from American Samoa was established by Public Law 95-
556 (92 Stat. 2078) and was first filled by the general Federal election 
of 1980. The Act of May 17, 1932, changed the name of Porto Rico to 
Puerto Rico (48 U.S.C. 731a).

  Under an earlier practice, Delegates did not vote in committee (VI, 
243); but this had not always been so (II, 1301). The Resident 
Commissioner, who under the rules of the 91st and earlier Congresses, 
was designated as an additional member of the Committees on Agriculture, 
Armed Services, and Interior and Insular Affairs, is now elected to 
committees in the same fashion as are other Members and may exercise in 
those committees on which he serves the same powers as other members, 
including the right to vote.

  The law provides that on the floor of the House a Delegate may debate 
(II, 1290), and he may in debate call a Member to order (II, 1295). He 
may make any motion which a Member may make except the motion to 
reconsider (II, 1291, 1292). A Delegate may make a point of order (VI, 
240). A Delegate has even moved an impeachment (II, 1303). However, a 
resolution offered from the floor to permit the Delegate of the District 
of Columbia to vote on the articles of impeachment against the President 
was held not to constitute a question of the privileges of the House 
under rule IX (Dec. 18, 1998, p. ----). He may be appointed a teller 
(II, 1302); but the law forbids him to vote (II, 1290). He has been 
recognized to object to the consideration of a bill (VI, 241), to a 
unanimous-consent request to concur in a Senate amendment (June 29, 
1984, p. 20267), and has made reports for committees (July 1, 1958, p. 
12870). The rights and prerogatives of a Delegate in parliamentary 
matters are not limited to legislation affecting his own territory (VI, 
240).


[[Page 368]]

  At the organization of the House, the Delegates and Resident 
Commissioner are sworn (I, 400, 401); but the Clerk does not put them on 
the roll (I, 61, 62; Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). In the 103d Congress on 
recorded votes in the Committee of the Whole, their names were listed 
alphabetically with the names of Members (Feb. 3, 1993, p. 2035).

  A Delegate resigns in a communication addressed to the Speaker (II, 
1304). He may be arrested and censured for disorderly conduct (II, 
1305), but there has been disagreement as to whether he should be 
expelled by a majority or two-thirds vote (I, 469).


  The privileges of the floor with the right to debate were extended to 
Resident Commissioners in the 60th Congress (VI, 244). Prior to the 
independence of the Philippines it was represented in the House by a 
Resident Commissioner (Deschler's Precedents, vol. 3, ch. 7, sec. 3.3).




Sec. 676. Appointment to select and conference 
committees.

    (b) The Delegates and the Resident Commissioner may be 
appointed to any select committee and to any conference committee.


  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, paragraph 
(b) was found in former clause 6(h) of rule X (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, 
p. ----). Paragraph (b), effective January 3, 1975, initially authorized 
the appointment of Delegates and the Resident Commissioner to certain 
conferences (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). Paragraph 
(b) was amended in the 96th Congress to authorize their appointment to 
select committees (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 1979, pp. 7-16), and again in the 
103d Congress to authorize their appointment to any conference (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 5, 1993, p. 49).





 
  Prior to the adoption and refinement of this paragraph, a Delegate or 
the Resident Commissioner could not be appointed to a conference 
committee (Sept. 18, 1973, p. 30144; July 20, 1973, p. 25201); and they 
could be appointed to a select committee only with the permission of the 
House (Sept. 21, 1976, p. 31673).

                                 Rule IV


Use and admittance
                          the hall of the house



[[Page 369]]




Sec. 677. Use of the Hall of the House.

  1. The Hall  of the House 
shall be used only for the legislative business of the House and for 
caucus and conference meetings of its Members, except when the House 
agrees to take part in any ceremonies to be observed therein. The 
Speaker may not entertain a motion for the suspension of this clause.



  When the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, it 
consolidated former rules XXXI, XXXII, and XXXIII under rule IV, and 
clause 1 was found in former rule XXXI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----
). Rules relating to the use of the Hall were adopted as early as 1804. 
The present form of this clause dates from 1880 (V, 7270). It was 
renumbered January 3, 1953 (p. 24).



Sec. 678. Persons and officials admitted to the floor 
during sessions of the House.

  2.  (a) Only the following persons shall be 
admitted to the Hall of the House or rooms leading thereto:


      (1) Members of Congress, Members-elect, and contestants in 
election cases during the pendency of their cases on the floor.

      (2) The Delegates and the Resident Commissioner.

      (3) The President and Vice President of the United States and 
their private secretaries.

      (4) Justices of the Supreme Court.

      (5) Elected officers and minority employees nominated as elected 
officers of the House.

      (6) The Parliamentarian.

      (7) Staff of committees when business from their committee is 
under consideration.

      (8) Not more than one person from the staff of a Member, Delegate, 
or Resident Commissioner when that Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner has an amendment under consideration (subject to clause 5).

      (9) The Architect of the Capitol.

      (10) The Librarian of Congress and the assistant in charge of the 
Law Library.

      (11) The Secretary and Sergeant-at-Arms of the Senate.

      (12) Heads of departments.


[[Page 370]]

      (13) Foreign ministers.

      (14) Governors of States.

      (15) Former Members, Delegates, and Resident Commissioners; former 
Parliamentarians of the House; and former elected officers and minority 
employees nominated as elected officers of the House (subject to clause 
4).

      (16) One attorney to accompany a Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner who is the respondent in an investigation undertaken by the 
Committee on Standards of Official Conduct when a recommendation of that 
committee is under consideration in the House.

      (17) Such persons as have, by name, received the thanks of 
Congress.


  (b) The Speaker may not entertain a unanimous consent request or a 
motion to suspend this clause.

  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 1 of rule XXXII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). It was subjected to many changes from 1802 until 1880 
(V, 7823; VIII, 3634) and was renumbered in the 83d Congress (Jan. 3, 
1953, p. 24). The rule was amended in the 92d Congress to include the 
Delegate from the District of Columbia among those having the privilege 
of the floor (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144), and later in that same 
Congress was again revised to permit all Delegates to enjoy the 
privilege (H. Res. 1153, Oct. 13, 1972, pp. 36021-23). The latter 
revision was necessary because of the enactment of Public Law 92-271, 
which created the positions of Delegate from Guam and Delegate from the 
Virgin Islands. Officers and elected employees, both present and former, 
were given floor privileges by the adoption of this same resolution (H. 
Res. 1153, Oct. 13, 1972, p. 36013) but had in fact, by custom, been 
permitted on the floor prior to this change in the clause. This clause 
was substantially amended in the 94th Congress (H. Res. 1435, Oct. 1, 
1976, pp. 35175-80) and was amended by the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 to 
permit floor privileges for one attorney for a Member-respondent during 
consideration of a disciplinary resolution (P.L. 101-194, Nov. 30, 
1989).


[[Page 371]]

bers and one clerk on the floor at one time (Speaker Albert, June 8, 
1972, p. 20318; Speaker O'Neill, Jan. 26, 1977, p. 2333). The 
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970, section 503(3) (84 Stat. 1140, 
1202; 2 U.S.C. 281b(3)) also allows two staff members of the Legislative 
Counsel access to the floor to assist the committee.
  The portion of this clause which permits clerks of committees access 
to the floor during the consideration of business from their committees 
has been interpreted by the Speaker to allow four professional staff mem

  The portion of the clause forbidding the Speaker to entertain requests 
for suspension of the rule applies also to the Chairman of the Committee 
of the Whole (V, 7285). ``Heads of departments'' means members of the 
President's Cabinet, and not subordinate executive officers, and 
``foreign ministers'' means ministers from foreign governments only. 
``Governors of States'' does not include governors of territories (V, 
7283; VIII, 3634).


  An alleged violation of the rule relating to admission to the floor 
presents a question of privilege (III, 2624, 2625; VI, 579), but not a 
higher question of privilege than an election case (III, 2626). In one 
case where a former Member was abusing the privilege, he was excluded by 
direction of the Speaker (V, 7288), but in another case the Speaker 
declared it a matter for the House and not the Chair to consider (V, 
7286). In one case an alleged abuse was inquired into by a select 
committee (V, 7287). See Sec. 680, infra, for the rule constraining 
conduct of former Members, Delegates, the Resident Commissioner, 
officers, and staff while on the floor. The Speaker announced his 
intention to strictly enforce the rule to prevent a proliferation of 
committee and other staff on the floor (Aug. 22, 1974, p. 30027; Jan. 
19, 1981, p. 402; Jan. 25, 1983, p. 224). The Speaker announced that 
committee staff would be required to display staff badges on the floor 
in exchange for identification cards prior to admission to the floor 
(Speaker O'Neill, Jan. 21, 1986, p. 5; Jan. 5, 1993, p. 105). It is not 
in order to refer to persons temporarily on the floor of the House as 
guests of the House, such as Members' children (Apr. 28, 1994, p. 8783; 
Dec. 19, 1995, p. 37575; Jan. 22, 1996, p. 682; Apr. 30, 1998, p. ----), 
other children (May 18, 1995, p. 13490), or Senators exercising floor 
privileges (May 18, 1995, p. 13491).



Sec. 679. Admission to the floor when the House is not 
sitting.

  3. (a)  Except as provided in paragraph (b), all persons not entitled 
to the privilege of the floor during the session shall be excluded at 
all times from the Hall of the House and the cloakrooms.



[[Page 372]]

dent Commissioner by card or in writing, may be admitted to the Hall of 
the House.

  (b) Until 15 minutes of the hour of the meeting of the House, persons 
employed in its service, accredited members of the press entitled to 
admission to the press gallery, and other persons on request of a 
Member, Delegate, or Resi


  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 2 of rule XXXII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). It was adopted initially in 1902 (V, 7346).



Sec. 680. Former Members and officers.

  4.  (a) Former 
Members, Delegates, and Resident Commissioners; former Parliamentarians 
of the House; and former elected officers and minority employees 
nominated as elected officers of the House shall be entitled to the 
privilege of admission to the Hall of the House and rooms leading 
thereto only if--


      (1) they do not have any direct personal or pecuniary interest in 
any legislative measure pending before the House or reported by a 
committee; and

      (2) they are not in the employ of, or do not represent, any party 
or organization for the purpose of influencing, directly or indirectly, 
the passage, defeat, or amendment of any legislative measure pending 
before the House, reported by a committee, or under consideration in any 
of its committees or subcommittees.


  (b) The Speaker shall promulgate such regulations as may be necessary 
to implement this rule and to ensure its enforcement.


[[Page 373]]

in legislation (Speaker Rayburn, Oct. 2, 1945, p. 9251). Pursuant to the 
authority under this clause, the Speaker issued regulations addressing 
former Members (Jan. 6, 1977, p. 321; June 7, 1978, p. 16625; Speaker 
Foley, June 9, 1994, p. 12387; Speaker Gingrich, May 24, 1995, p. 14300; 
Speaker Gingrich, Aug. 1, 1996, p. 21031). A former Member is not 
entitled to the privileges of the floor under this clause if he (1) has 
a direct personal or pecuniary interest in legislation under 
consideration in the House or reported by any committee, or (2) 
represents any party or organization for the purpose of influencing the 
disposition of legislation pending before the House, reported by any 
committee or under consideration in any committee or subcommittee (June 
7, 1978, p. 16625). The essence of the rule is the former Member's 
status as one with a personal or pecuniary interest and not whether the 
former Member may have a present intent to lobby (Speaker Foley, June 9, 
1994, p. 12387). Intent to lobby will be assumed where the former Member 
is employed or retained as a lobbyist to influence legislative measures 
as described in (2) above (Aug. 1, 1996, p. 21031). The Speaker has 
emphasized that the rule applies not only to the floor but also to 
``rooms leading thereto,'' and has construed the latter phrase to 
include the Speaker's Lobby and the cloakrooms (Speaker Gingrich, May 
24, 1995, p. 14300; Aug. 1, 1996, p. 21031).
  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 3 of rule XXXII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). This clause was added initially in the 94th Congress (H. 
Res. 1435, Oct. 1, 1976, pp. 35175-80) to consolidate in one clause and 
to clarify the restrictions on admittance to the floor of former 
Members, officers, and employees and to give the Speaker the power to 
promulgate regulations to enforce the rule. As early as 1945 the Chair 
held that former Members do not have the privilege of the floor when 
they are personally interested


  A former Member must observe the rules of proper decorum while on the 
floor, and the Chair may direct the Sergeant-at-Arms to assist the Chair 
in maintaining such decorum (Sept. 17, 1997, p. ----). A former Member 
may not manifest approval or disapproval of the proceedings (VIII, 
3635). In the 105th Congress the House adopted a resolution offered as a 
question of the privileges of the House alleging indecorous behavior of 
a former Member and instructing the Sergeant-at-Arms to ban the former 
Member from the floor, and rooms leading thereto, until the resolution 
of a contested election to which he was party (H. Res. 233, Sept. 18, 
1997, p. ----).


[[Page 374]]

vise the Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, or committee 
responsible for their admission. A person who violates this clause may 
be excluded during the session from the Hall of the House and rooms 
leading thereto by the Speaker.



Sec. 681. Members' staff.

  5. A person  from the staff of a 
Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may be admitted to the Hall 
of the House or rooms leading thereto under clause 2 only upon prior 
notice to the Speaker. Such persons, and persons from the staff of 
committees admitted under clause 2, may not engage in efforts in the 
Hall of the House or rooms leading thereto to influence Members with 
regard to the legislation being amended. Such persons shall remain at 
the desk and are admitted only to ad



Gallery
  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 4 of rule XXXII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). This clause was added initially in the 95th Congress (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70) to extend the privilege of the floor to 
one person from the staff of a Member who has an amendment under 
consideration but not of a measure's sponsor or during special-order 
speeches. The Speaker promulgated regulations for the implementation of 
this clause on January 26, 1977 (p. 2333). In the 97th Congress the 
Speaker announced that personal staff of Members did not have the 
privilege of the floor and that committee staff, permitted on the floor 
when business from their committees is under consideration, were 
required to remain unobtrusively by the committee tables (Aug. 18, 1982, 
p. 21934). Staff permitted on the floor under this clause are not 
permitted to pass out literature or otherwise attempt to influence 
Members in their votes (Aug. 1, 1990, p. 21519; Sept. 27, 1995, p. 
26567) and may not applaud during debate (June 14, 1995, p. 15896).



Sec. 682. The various galleries and admission 
thereto.

  6. (a)  The Speaker shall set aside a portion of the west gallery for 
the use of the President, the members of the Cabinet, justices of the 
Supreme Court, foreign ministers and suites, and the members of their 
respective families. The Speaker shall set aside another portion of the 
same gallery for the accommodation of persons to be admitted on the 
cards of Members, Delegates, or the Resident Commissioner.



[[Page 375]]

egate, Resident Commissioner, or Senator, the Speaker shall issue a card 
of admission to his family, which may include their visitors. No other 
person shall be admitted to this section.

  (b) The Speaker shall set aside the southerly half of the east gallery 
for the use of the families of Members of Congress. The Speaker shall 
control one bench. On the request of a Member, Del

  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former rule XXXIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 
----). It was adopted initially in 1880 (V, 7302) and renumbered January 
3, 1953 (p. 24).


Prohibition on campaign contributions
  On special occasions the House sometimes makes a special rule for 
admission to the galleries (V, 7303), as on the occasion of the 
electoral count (III, 1961), of an address by the President, and of 
public funerals.




Sec. 683. Prohibition on distribution of campaign 
contributions.

  7. A  Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or 
employee of the House, or any other person entitled to admission to the 
Hall of the House or rooms leading thereto by this rule, may not 
knowingly distribute a political campaign contribution in the Hall of 
the House or rooms leading thereto.






 
  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 5 of rule XXXIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 
6, 1999, p. ----). It was adopted initially in the 105th Congress (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----).

                                 Rule V


                         broadcasting the house


[[Page 376]]

siders appropriate. Such system may include other telecommunications 
functions as the Speaker considers appropriate. Any such 
telecommunications shall be subject to rules and regulations issued by 
the Speaker.


Sec. 684. Broadcasting of House proceedings.

  1.  The Speaker 
shall administer a system subject to his direction and control for 
closed-circuit viewing of floor proceedings of the House in the offices 
of all Members, Delegates, the Resident Commissioner, and committees and 
in such other places in the Capitol and the House Office Buildings as he 
con


  2. (a) The Speaker shall administer a system subject to his direction 
and control for complete and unedited audio and visual broadcasting and 
recording of the proceedings of the House. The Speaker shall provide for 
the distribution of such broadcasts and recordings to news media, for 
the storage of audio and video recordings of the proceedings, and for 
the closed-captioning of the proceedings for hearing-impaired persons.

  (b) All television and radio broadcasting stations, networks, 
services, and systems (including cable systems) that are accredited to 
the House Radio and Television Correspondents' Galleries, and all radio 
and television correspondents who are so accredited, shall be provided 
access to the live coverage of the House.

  (c) Coverage made available under this clause, including any recording 
thereof--

      (1) may not be used for any political purpose;

      (2) may not be used in any commercial advertisement; and


[[Page 377]]

      (3) may not be broadcast with commercial sponsorship except as 
part of a bona fide news program or public affairs documentary program.


  3. The Speaker may delegate any of his responsibilities under this 
rule to such legislative entity as he considers appropriate.

  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 9 of rule I (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). It was adopted initially in the 96th Congress (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 15, 1979, p. 7). The requirement that the televised broadcasts 
of the proceedings of the House be closed captioned for hearing-impaired 
individuals was added in the 101st Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1989, p. 
72). The authority of the Speaker to make rules governing 
telecommunications functions within the House was added in the 102d 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1991, p. 39).

  In the 95th Congress the House considered as a question of the 
privileges of the House and adopted a resolution directing the Committee 
on Rules to investigate the impact on the safety, dignity, and integrity 
of House proceedings, of a test authorized by the Speaker under his 
general control over the Hall of the House for the audiovisual broadcast 
of House proceedings within the Capitol and House Office Buildings (H. 
Res. 404, Mar. 15, 1977, p. 7608). The resolution directed the Committee 
on Rules to report to the House at the earliest practicable date its 
findings and recommendations, including whether such coverage should be 
made available to the public. The committee reported and the House 
adopted another resolution that: (1) authorized the Speaker to establish 
a closed-circuit system for in-House broadcasting of House proceedings; 
(2) directed the Committee on Rules to study methods for providing 
complete audio and visual broadcasting of House proceedings and to 
report to the House thereon; and (3) directed the Speaker after receipt 
of the committee's report to establish a system subject to his direction 
and control for audio and visual broadcast and recording of House 
proceedings and to provide for distribution and access to the news media 
(H. Res. 866, Oct. 27, 1977, pp. 35425-37). The Speaker, after receipt 
of that report (H. Rept. 95-881, Feb. 15, 1978), directed implementation 
of full audio coverage, with distribution to the media, on June 8, 1978 
(p. 16746). Public Law 95-391 (Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 
1979) contained the following proviso in section 306 relating to the 
broadcasting of House proceedings: ``No funds in this bill may be used 
to implement a system for televising and broadcasting the proceedings of 
the House pursuant to House Resolution 866, Ninety-Fifth Congress, under 
which the TV cameras in the Chamber purchased by the House are 
controlled and operated by persons not in the employ of the House.''


[[Page 378]]

``interim'' special orders (Dec. 19, 1985, p. 38106). However, in the 
103d and 104th Congresses, the Speaker prohibited wide-angle coverage 
but continued the caption at the bottom of the screen not only during 
special-order speeches but also during morning-hour debates (Speaker 
Foley, Feb. 11, 1994, p. 2244; Speaker Gingrich, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 551). 
In the 99th Congress, the House adopted a resolution, raised as a 
question of the privileges of the House, authorizing and directing the 
Speaker to provide for the audio and visual broadcast coverage of the 
Chamber while Members are voting (H. Res. 150, Apr. 30, 1985, p. 9821). 
Although paragraph (a) requires complete and unedited broadcast coverage 
of House proceedings, the House held (by tabling an appeal of a ruling 
of the Chair) that it does not require in-House microphone amplification 
of disorderly conduct by a Member following expiration of his 
recognition for debate (Mar. 16, 1988, p. 4081).




 
  Pursuant to his authority under this rule, the Speaker directed the 
Clerk in the 98th Congress to immediately implement periodic wide-angle 
television coverage of all ``special-order'' speeches at the end of 
legislative business (with captions at the bottom of the screen 
indicating that legislative business has been completed) (May 10, 1984, 
p. 11894) but not during

                                 Rule VI


Official reporters
               official reporters and news media galleries




Sec. 685. Reporters of debates and committee 
stenographers.

  1.  Subject to the direction and control of the Speaker, 
the Clerk shall appoint, and may remove for cause, the official 
reporters of the House, including stenographers of committees, and shall 
supervise the execution of their duties.


  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 1 of rule XXXIV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). From 1874 until March 1, 1978, the appointment and 
removal of the official reporters, and the manner of the execution of 
their duties, was vested in the Speaker (V, 6958); effective March 1, 
1978 (H. Res. 959, Jan. 23, 1978, p. 431) those responsibilities were 
vested in the Clerk, subject to the direction and control of the 
Speaker.

  The reporters of debates have borne an important part in the evolution 
by which the House has built up the system of a daily verbatim report of 
its proceedings, made by its own corps of reporters (V, 6959). Since 
these reporters have become officers of the House a correction of the 
Congressional Record has been held a question of privilege (V, 7014-
7016).



[[Page 379]]




Sec. 686. Rules relating to Congressional 
Record.

  The  arrangement, style, etc., of the Congressional Record is 
prescribed by the Joint Committee on Printing pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 901, 
904 (see also VIII, 3500). The rules of the Joint Committee on Printing 
governing publication of the Congressional Record are as follows:


  1. Arrangement of the daily Congressional Record.--The Public Printer 
shall arrange the contents of the daily Congressional Record as follows: 
The Senate proceedings shall alternate with the House proceedings in 
order of placement in consecutive issues insofar as such an arrangement 
is feasible, and Extensions of Remarks and Daily Digest shall follow: 
Provided, That the makeup of the Congressional Record shall proceed 
without regard to alternation whenever the Public Printer deems it 
necessary in order to meet production and delivery schedules.

  2. Type and style.--The Public Printer shall print the report of the 
proceedings and debates of the Senate and House of Representatives, as 
furnished by the official reporters of the Congressional Record, in 8-
point type; and all matter included in the remarks or speeches of 
Members of Congress, other than their own words, and all reports, 
documents, and other matter authorized to be inserted in the 
Congressional Record shall be printed in 7-point type; and all roll 
calls shall be printed in 6-point type. No italic or black type nor 
words in capitals or small capitals shall be used for emphasis or 
prominence; nor will unusual indentions be permitted. These restrictions 
do not apply to the printing of or quotations from historical, official, 
or legal documents or papers of which a literal reproduction is 
necessary.

  3. Only as an aid in distinguishing the manner of delivery in order to 
contribute to the historical accuracy of the Record, statements or 
insertions in the Record where no part of them was spoken will be 
preceded and followed by a ``bullet'' symbol, i.e.,  (now 
applicable only in Senate).

  4. Return of manuscript.--When manuscript is submitted to Members for 
revision it should be returned to the Government Printing Office not 
later than 9 o'clock p.m. in order to insure publication in the 
Congressional Record issued on the following morning; and if all of the 
manuscript is not furnished at the time specified, the Public Printer is 
authorized to withhold it from the Congressional Record for 1 day. In no 
case will a speech be printed in the Congressional Record of the day of 
its delivery if the manuscript is furnished later than 12 o'clock 
midnight.

  5. Tabular matter.--The manuscript of speeches containing tabular 
statements to be published in the Congressional Record shall be in the 
hands of the Public Printer not later than 7 o'clock p.m. to insure 
publication the following morning. When possible, manuscript copy for 
tabular matter should be sent to the Government Printing Office 2 or 
more days in advance of the date of publication in the Congressional 
Record. Proof will be furnished promptly to the Member of Congress to be 
submitted by him instead of manuscript copy when he offers it for 
publication in the Congressional Record.


[[Page 380]]

shall be set in the Congressional Record style of type, and not more 
than six sets of proofs may be furnished to Members without charge.
  6. Proof furnished.--Proofs or ``leave to print'' and advance speeches 
will not be furnished the day the manuscript is received but will be 
submitted the following day, whenever possible to do so without causing 
delay in the publication of the regular proceedings of Congress. Advance 
speeches

  7. Notation of withheld remarks.--If manuscript or proofs have not 
been returned in time for publication in the proceedings, the Public 
Printer will insert the words ``Mr. ---- addressed the Senate (House or 
Committee). His remarks will appear hereafter in Extensions of Remarks'' 
and proceed with the printing of the Congressional Record.

  8. Thirty-day limit.--The Public Printer shall not publish in the 
Congressional Record any speech or extension of remarks which has been 
withheld for a period exceeding 30 calendar days from the date when its 
printing was authorized: Provided, That at the expiration of each 
session of Congress the time limit herein fixed shall be 10 days, unless 
otherwise ordered by the committee.

  9. Corrections.--The permanent Congressional Record is made up for 
printing and binding 30 days after each daily publication is issued; 
therefore all corrections must be sent to the Public Printer within that 
time: Provided, That upon the final adjournment of each session of 
Congress the time limit shall be 10 days, unless otherwise ordered by 
the committee: Provided further, That no Member of Congress shall be 
entitled to make more than one revision. Any revision shall consist only 
of corrections of the original copy and shall not include deletions of 
correct material, substitutions for correct material, or additions of 
new subject matter.

  10. The Public Printer shall not publish in the Congressional Record 
the full report or print of any committee or subcommittee when the 
report or print has been previously printed. This rule shall not be 
construed to apply to conference reports. However, inasmuch as rule XXII 
(Sec. 1082, infra) provides that conference reports be printed in the 
daily edition of the Congressional Record, they shall not be printed 
therein a second time.

  11. Makeup of the Extensions of Remarks.--Extensions of Remarks in the 
Congressional Record shall be made up by successively taking first an 
extension from the copy submitted by the official reporters of one House 
and then an extension from the copy of the other House, so that Senate 
and House extensions appear alternately as far as possible. The sequence 
for each House shall follow as closely as possible the order or 
arrangement in which the copy comes from the official reporters of the 
respective Houses.

  The official reporters of each House shall designate and distinctly 
mark the lead item among their extensions. When both Houses are in 
session and submit extensions, the lead item shall be changed from one 
House to the other in alternate issues, with the indicated lead item of 
the other House appearing in second place. When only one House is in 
session, the lead item shall be an extension submitted by a Member of 
the House in session. This rule shall not apply to Congressional Records 
printed after the sine die adjournment of the Congress.


[[Page 381]]

Extensions of Remarks and shall make suitable reference thereto at the 
proper place in the proceedings.
  12. Official reporters.--The official reporters of each House shall 
indicate on the manuscript and prepare headings for all matter to be 
printed in


  13. Two-page rule--Cost estimate from Public Printer.--(1) No 
extraneous matter in excess of two printed Record pages, whether printed 
in its entirety in one daily issue or in two or more parts in one or 
more issues, shall be printed in the Congressional Record unless the 
Member announces, coincident with the request for leave to print or 
extend, the estimate in writing from the Public Printer of the probable 
cost of publishing the same. (2) No extraneous matter shall be printed 
in the House proceedings or the Senate proceedings, with the following 
exceptions: (a) Excerpts from letters, telegrams, or articles presented 
in connection with a speech delivered in the course of debate; (b) 
communications from State legislatures; (c) addresses or articles by the 
President and the Members of his Cabinet, the Vice President, or a 
Member of Congress. (3) The official reporters of the House or Senate or 
the Public Printer shall return to the Member of the respective House 
any matter submitted for the Congressional Record which is in 
contravention of these provisions.

      house supplement to ``laws and rules for publication of the 


            congressional record''--effective august 12, 1986

  1. Extensions of Remarks in the daily Congressional Record.--When the 
House has granted leave to print (1) a newspaper or magazine article, or 
(2) any other matter not germane to the proceedings, it shall be 
published under Extensions of Remarks. This rule shall not apply to 
quotations which form part of a speech of a Member, or to an authorized 
extension of his own remarks: Provided, That no address, speech, or 
article delivered or released subsequently to the sine die adjournment 
of a session of Congress may be printed in the Congressional Record. 
One-minute speeches delivered during the morning business of Congress 
shall not exceed 300 words. Statements exceeding this will be printed 
following the business of the day.

  2. Any extraneous matter included in any statement by a Member, either 
under the 1-minute rule or permission granted to extend at this point, 
will be printed in the ``Extensions of Remarks'' section, and that such 
material will be duly noted in the Member's statement as appearing 
therein.

  3. Under the general leave request by the floor manager of specific 
legislation only matter pertaining to such legislation will be included 
as per the request. This, of course, will include tables and charts 
pertinent to the same, but not newspaper clippings and editorials.


[[Page 382]]

the makeup would be in a sense made easier so as to comply with daily 
proceedings, which might run extremely heavy at times.
  4. In the makeup of the portion of the Record entitled ``Extensions of 
Remarks,'' the Public Printer shall withhold any Extensions of Remarks 
which exceed economical press fill or exceed production limitations. 
Extensions withheld for such reasons will be printed in succeeding 
issues, at the direction of the Public Printer, so that more uniform 
daily issues may be the end result and, in this way, when both Houses 
have a short session

  5. The request for a Member to extend his or her remarks in the body 
of the Record must be granted to the individual whose remarks are to be 
inserted.

  6. All statements for ``Extensions of Remarks,'' as well as copy for 
the body of the Congressional Record must be submitted on the Floor of 
the House to the Official Reporters of Debates and must carry the actual 
signature of the Member. Extensions of Remarks will be accepted up to 15 
minutes after adjournment of the House. To insure printing in that day's 
proceedings, debate transcripts still out for revision must be returned 
to the Office of Official Reporters of Debates, Room HT-60, the Capitol, 
(1) by 5 p.m., or 2 hours following adjournment, whichever occurs later; 
or (2) within 30 minutes following adjournment when the House adjourns 
at 11 p.m., or later.


  7. Pursuant to clause 8 of rule XVII of the Rules of the House, the 
Congressional Record shall be a substantially verbatim account of 
remarks made during the proceedings of the House, subject only to 
technical, grammatical, and typographical corrections authorized by the 
Member making the remarks involved. Unparliamentary remarks may be 
deleted only by permission or order of the House. Consistent with rule 9 
of the Joint Committee on Printing Rules, any revision shall consist 
only of technical, grammatical, or typographical corrections of the 
original copy and shall not include deletions of correct material, 
substitutions for correct material, or additions of new subject matter. 
By obtaining unanimous consent to revise and extend, a Member will be 
able to relax the otherwise strict prohibition contained in clause 8 of 
rule XVII only in two respects: (1) to revise by technical, grammatical, 
and typographical corrections; and (2) to extend remarks in a 
distinctive type style to follow the remarks actually uttered. In no 
event would the actually uttered remarks be removable.


[[Page 383]]

can print) and to require Members to submit translations for distinctive 
printing in the Record in English as a revision of remarks (Mar. 4, 
1998, p. ----). Because the Record is maintained as a substantially 
verbatim account of the proceedings of the House (44 U.S.C. 901), the 
Speaker will not entertain a unanimous-consent request to give a 
special-order speech ``off the Record'' (June 24, 1992, p. 16131).


Sec. 687. Substantially verbatim account.

  The requirement  of 
rule 7 of the supplemental rules outlined above that the Congressional 
Record be a substantially verbatim account of remarks actually rendered 
was included as former clause 9 of rule XIV in the 104th Congress 
(current clause 8(a) of rule XVII), with the prescription that that rule 
constitute a standard of conduct under former clause 4(e)(1)(B) of rule 
X (current clause 3(a)(2) of rule XI) (sec. 213, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 
1995, p. 468). Clause 8(a) of rule XVII also applies to statements and 
rulings of the Chair (Jan. 20, 1995, p. 1866). Under that clause remarks 
actually delivered may not be deleted and remarks inserted must appear 
in distinctive type (Jan. 4, 1995, p. 541). The Speaker has instructed 
the Official Reporters of Debates to adhere strictly to the requirement 
of rule 7 of the supplemental rules (Mar. 2, 1988, p. 2963; Feb. 3, 
1993, p. 1980). The Chair announced the Record-printing policy regarding 
remarks in debate uttered in languages other than English, to deny 
transcription in the foreign language (unless a transcript is provided 
in a language that the Government Printing Office


  The Record is for the proceedings of the House and Senate only, and 
matters not connected therewith are rigidly excluded (V, 6962). It is 
not, however, the official record, that function being fulfilled by the 
Journal (IV, 2727). As a general principle the Speaker has no control 
over the Record (V, 6984, 7017), but words spoken by a Member after he 
has been called to order may be excluded by direction of the Speaker (V, 
6975-6978; VIII, 3466, 3471; July 29, 1994, p. 18609). But the House, 
and not the Speaker, determines what liberty shall be allowed to a 
Member who has leave to extend his remarks (V, 6997-7000; VIII, 3475), 
whether or not a copyrighted article shall be printed therein (V, 6985), 
as to an alleged abuse of the leave to print (V, 7012; VIII, 3474), or 
as to a proposed amendment (V, 6983).



Sec. 688. Relations of the Committee of the Whole 
to the Congressional Record.

  As a general  rule the Committee of the Whole has no 
control over the Congressional Record (V, 6986); but the Chairman in the 
preservation of order, may direct the exclusion of disorderly words 
spoken by a Member after he has been called to order (V, 6987). In a 
case wherein the Committee conceived that a letter read in Committee 
involved a breach of privilege, it reported the matter to the House for 
action, and the House struck the letter from the Record (V, 6986). The 
Chairman of the Committee of the Whole does not determine the privileges 
of a Member under a general leave to print in the Record, that being for 
the House alone (V, 6988). Neither may the Committee of the Whole grant 
a general leave to print, although for convenience it does permit 
individual Members to extend their remarks (V, 7009, 7010; VIII, 3488-
3490; Aug. 31, 1965, p. 22385), nor may the Committee of the Whole 
permit the inclusion of extraneous material (Jan. 23, 1936, p. 950; Feb. 
1, 1937, p. 656; Sept. 19, 1967, p. 26032).



[[Page 384]]

floor without objection, the House yet decided that it was not precluded 
from action when the words, after being withheld for revision, appeared 
in the Record, and struck them out (V, 6979, 6981; VI, 582; VIII, 2538, 
3463, 3472).


Sec. 689. Correction of the Congressional 
Record.

  While the  House controls the Congressional Record, the Speaker with the 
assent of the House laid down the principle that words spoken by a 
Member in order might not be changed by the House, as this would be 
determining what a Member should utter on the floor (V, 6974; VI, 583; 
VIII, 3469, 3498). Neither should one House strike out matter placed in 
the Record by permission of the other House (V, 6966). But the House may 
correct the speech of one of its Members so that it may record 
faithfully what he actually said (V, 6972). Where a Member interrupts 
another during debate without being yielded or otherwise recognized (as 
on a point of order) his remarks are not printed in the Record (Speaker 
O'Neill, Feb. 7, 1985, p. 2229). Where a Member had uttered disorderly 
words on the


  The House has also ordered stricken from the Record printed speeches 
condemned as unparliamentary for reflections on Members, committees of 
the House, the House itself (V, 7017), and the Senate (V, 5129). In the 
101st Congress a resolution presented as a question of privilege was 
adopted which directed the Committee on House Administration to report 
with respect to certain unauthorized deletions from the Record. A task 
force of that committee recommended that deletion of unparliamentary 
remarks be permitted only by consent of the House and not by the Member 
uttering the words under authority to revise and extend (Oct. 27, 1990, 
p. 37124). That recommendation has been incorporated into the Rules of 
the House (clause 8(b) of rule XVII). Through the 103d Congress, under 
applicable precedents and guidelines, the Chair could refine a ruling on 
a point of order in the Record in order to clarify the ruling without 
changing its substance, including one sustained by the House on appeal 
(Feb. 19, 1992, p. 2461; see H. Res. 230, 99th Cong., July 31, 1985, p. 
21783, and H. Rept. 99-228). In accordance with existing accepted 
practices, the Speaker customarily made such technical or parliamentary 
corrections or insertions in the transcript of a ruling or statement by 
the Chair as may have been necessary to conform to rule, custom, or 
precedent (see also H. Res. 330, 101st Cong., Feb. 7, 1990, p. 1515, and 
report of House Administration task force on Record inserted by Speaker 
Foley, Oct. 27, 1990, p. 37124). However, in the 104th Congress the 
Speaker ruled that the requirement of clause 8 of rule XVII (former 
clause 9 of rule XIV) that the Record be a substantially verbatim 
account of remarks made during House proceedings extended to statements 
and rulings of the Chair (Jan. 20, 1995, p. 1866).


[[Page 385]]

responsibility of each Member to verify his vote (Feb. 6, 1973, p. 3558; 
Apr. 18, 1973, p. 13081; Dec. 3, 1974, p. 37897).
  It is improper for a Member to have published in the Record the 
individual votes of Members on a question of which the yeas and nays 
have not been entered on the Journal (V, 6982). A correction of the 
Record which involves a motion and a vote is recorded in the Journal 
(IV, 2877). Propositions to make corrections are sometimes considered by 
the Committee on House Administration. In debating a resolution to 
strike from the Record disorderly language a Member may not read the 
language (V, 7004); but it was held that as part of a personal 
explanation relating to matter excluded as out of order a Member might 
read the matter, subject to a point of order if the reading should 
develop anything in violation of the rules of debate (V, 5079). It has 
also been held that a Member may not, in a controversy over a proposed 
correction of the Record as to a matter of business, demand as a matter 
of right the reading of the reporter's notes (V, 6967; VIII, 3460). The 
Speaker declines to entertain unanimous-consent requests to correct the 
Record on a vote taken by electronic device, based upon the presumed 
accuracy of the electronic system and the ability and



Sec. 690. Privileges of propositions to correct 
the Congressional Record.

  A motion or  resolution for the correction of the 
Congressional Record which involves a question of privilege may be made 
properly after the reading and approval of the Journal (V, 7013; VIII, 
3496), and is not in order pending the approval of the Journal (V, 
6989), but is privileged after that (V, 7014-7019; VIII, 3461, 3463).


  A question of privilege as to an alleged error in the Record may not 
be raised until the Record has appeared (V, 7020), and a resolution to 
omit from the manuscript copy certain remarks declared out of order is 
not privileged (V, 7021). Unparliamentary words having been stricken 
from the Record by order of the House, a question of privilege may not 
arise therefrom (V, 7023; VI, 596). Privileged motions to correct the 
Congressional Record involve cases where the integrity of House 
proceedings is in question, such as where unparliamentary words have 
been spoken in debate (see Sec. 961, infra) or inserted in the Record 
(Deschler's Precedents, vol. 1, ch. 5, sec. 17), where the remarks of 
one Member have been attributed to another (sec. 18.1-18.2), or where a 
Member has improperly altered his remarks during an exchange of colloquy 
with another Member (sec. 18.9). Mere typographical errors in the 
Congressional Record or ordinary revisions of a Member's remarks do not 
give rise to privileged motions for the correction of the Record (Apr. 
25, 1985, p. 9419), since such changes for the permanent edition of the 
Record may be made without the permission of the House (Deschler's 
Precedents, vol. 1, ch. 5, sec. 19) and the House does not change the 
Record merely to show what a Member should have said during debate (sec. 
18).

  A motion to correct the Record has been entertained to allow a Member 
to print in subsequent edition of the daily Record the correct text of 
an amendment which he had offered on a previous day and which had been 
substantially misprinted in the daily Record for the day on which it was 
offered (Deschler's Precedents, vol. 1, ch. 5, sec. 18.6).


[[Page 386]]

affect the import of words uttered by another Member, the House 
corrected the Record (V, 6973). A Member is not entitled to inspect the 
reporter's notes of remarks which do not contain reflections on himself, 
delivered by another Member and withheld for revision (V, 6964).


Sec. 691. Privilege of Member to revise his 
remarks in the Congressional Record.

  The traditional  practice to allow a Member, with 
the approval of the House and under conditions set forth by the Joint 
Committee on Printing, to revise his remarks before publication in the 
Congressional Record (V, 6971, 7024; VIII, 3500) should be interpreted 
in light of clause 8 of rule XVII and rule 7 of the supplemental rules 
of the Joint Committee on Printing, which require the Record to be a 
substantially verbatim account of remarks made during House proceedings 
(see Sec. 686, supra, and Sec. Sec. 967, 968, infra). In any event, a 
Member should not change the notes of his own speech in such a way as to 
affect the remarks of an opponent in controversy without bringing the 
correction to the attention of that Member (V, 6972; VIII, 3461), and 
alterations which place a different aspect on the remarks of a colleague 
require authorization by the House (VIII, 3463, 3497). Where a Member so 
revised his remarks as to




Sec. 692. ``Leave to print'' in the Congressional 
Record.

  The practice  of inserting in the Congressional Record speeches not actually 
delivered on the floor has developed by consent of the House as the 
membership has increased and it has become difficult at times for every 
Member to express at length on the floor his reasons for his attitude on 
public questions (V, 6990-6996, 6998-7000). The House, in granting such 
leave to print, does not permit it to be exercised without unreasonable 
freedom (V, 7002, 7003). For example: (1) a Member with permission to 
insert one matter may not insert another (V, 7001; VIII, 3462, 3479, 
3480); (2) a Member may not insert statements and letters of others 
unless the leave granted specifies such matter as extraneous (VIII, 
3475, 3481), whether the extension be under general leave for all 
Members or individually; (3) a Member may not insert that which would 
not have been in order if uttered on the floor, and the House may 
exclude such insertion in whole or in part (V, 7004-7008; VIII, 3495; 
Oct. 2, 1992, p. 30709; Sept. 27, 1996, p. 25633). The principle that a 
Member shall not be called to order for words spoken in debate if 
business has intervened does not apply to a case where leave to print 
has been violated (V, 7005). Neither the House nor the Committee of the 
Whole permit the insertion of an entire colloquy between two or more 
Members not actually delivered (Aug. 10, 1982, pp. 20266, 20267; Oct. 3, 
1985, p. 26028; Dec. 15, 1995, p. 37133).


  General leave to print may be granted only by the House, although in 
the Committee of the Whole a Member, by unanimous consent, may be given 
leave to extend his remarks (V, 7009, 7010; VIII, 3488-3490). In the 
Committee of the Whole leave for an extension of remarks should not be 
granted except in connection with remarks actually delivered and 
relevant to the bill; and the extension under such circumstances should 
be brief (Speaker Longworth, Mar. 18, 1926, p. 5854).

  Where a Member abused a leave to print on the last day of the session, 
the House at the next session condemned the abuse and declared the 
matter not a legitimate part of the official debates (V, 7017). An abuse 
of the leave to print gives rise to a question of privilege (V, 7005-
7008, 7011; VIII, 3163, 3491, 3495), and a resolution or motion to 
expunge from the Record in such a case is offered as a question of 
privilege (V, 7012; VIII, 3475, 3491). An inquiry by the House as to an 
alleged abuse of the leave to print does not necessarily entitle the 
Member implicated to the floor on a question of privilege (V, 7012). 
Clause 8 of rule XVII (former clause 9 of rule XIV) requires substantive 
remarks inserted under leave to revise and extend to be printed in 
distinctive type and precludes deletion under such permission of words 
actually uttered (Jan. 4, 1995, p. 541).


[[Page 387]]

the Joint Committee on Printing, one Member cannot obtain permission for 
other individual Members to extend their remarks (rule 5 of House 
Supplement, Sec. 686, supra).
  A motion that a Member be permitted to extend his remarks in the 
Record is not privileged (Feb. 8, 1950, p. 1661), and under the rules of

  Where extraneous material proposed to be inserted in the body or in 
the Extension of Remarks portion of the Record exceeds two Record pages, 
the rules of the Joint Committee on Printing require that the Member 
state an estimate of printing cost when permission is requested to make 
the insertion (Feb. 12, 1962, p. 2207; May 24, 1972, p. 18653), and it 
is the Member's responsibility and not that of the Chair to ascertain 
the cost of printing extraneous material and obtaining consent of the 
House when necessary (Feb. 11, 1994, p. 2245). The Joint Committee on 
Printing amended the rules for publication of the Record, effective 
March 1, 1978, to require the identification in the Record by ``bullet'' 
symbols of statements or insertions no part of which were actually 
delivered in debate (Feb. 20, 1978, p. 3676). Where the House permitted 
all Members leave to revise and extend their remarks on a certain 
subject, those Members who actually spoke during the debate could revise 
their remarks to appear as if actually delivered, but Members' 
statements no part of which were spoken were preceded and followed by a 
``bullet'' symbol (Nov. 15, 1983, p. 32729). Then in the 99th Congress, 
the House adopted a resolution requesting the Joint Committee on 
Printing to adopt temporary rules to require distinctive type styles 
rather than bulleting of remarks not actually spoken in debate (H. Res. 
230, July 31, 1985, p. 21783), and also adopted a resolution requesting 
that those rules be made permanent (H. Res. 514, Aug. 12, 1986, p. 
20980). Under regulations of the Joint Committee on Printing, remarks 
delivered or inserted under leave to revise and extend in connection 
with a ``one-minute speech'' made before legislative business are 
printed after legislative business if exceeding 300 words (Speaker 
O'Neill, Apr. 5, 1978, p. 8846). See Sec. 686, supra.


News media galleries
  Based upon several unauthorized insertions of extensions of remarks in 
the Record, the Speaker announced that henceforth all extensions of 
remarks must be signed by the Member submitting them (Aug. 15, 1974, p. 
28385). The House by unanimous consent may grant permission for all 
Members to extend their remarks and to include extraneous material 
within the established limits in that section of the Congressional 
Record entitled ``Extensions of Remarks'' for a session of Congress 
(Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----; Jan. 27, 2000, p. ----; Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).


[[Page 388]]

utable reporters and correspondents shall be admitted thereto under such 
regulations as the Speaker may prescribe from time to time. The Standing 
Committee of Correspondents for the Press Gallery, and the Executive 
Committee of Correspondents for the Periodical Press Gallery, shall 
supervise such galleries, including the designation of its employees, 
subject to the direction and control of the Speaker. The Speaker may 
assign one seat on the floor to Associated Press reporters and one to 
United Press International reporters, and may regulate their occupation. 
The Speaker may admit to the floor, under such regulations as he may 
prescribe, one additional representative of each press association.



Sec. 693. Unofficial reporters in the press gallery and on the 
floor.

  2.  A portion of the gallery over the Speaker's chair as may be 
necessary to accommodate representatives of the press wishing to report 
debates and proceedings shall be set aside for their use. Rep


  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 2 of rule XXXIV. When it was 
transferred to this clause, it also was amended to reflect the existing 
practice of including the Periodical Press Gallery under the ambit of 
the rule (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). This provision was first 
adopted in 1857 and has been amended from time to time (V, 7304; VIII, 
3642; Jan. 3, 1953, p. 24; Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). See also Consumers 
Union v. Periodical Correspondents' Association, 1515 F.2d 1341 (D.C. 
Cir. 1975), cert. den. 423 U.S. 1051 (1976) (action in enforcing 
correspondents' association regulations is within legislative immunity 
granted by the Speech or Debate Clause).


[[Page 389]]

mittee of the Radio and Television Correspondents' Galleries shall 
supervise such gallery, including the designation of its employees, 
subject to the direction and control of the Speaker. The Speaker may 
admit to the floor, under such regulations as he may prescribe, one 
representative of the National Broadcasting Company, one of the Columbia 
Broadcasting System, and one of the American Broadcasting Company.



Sec. 694. Unofficial reporters in the radio gallery and on 
the floor.

  3.  A portion of the gallery as may be necessary to accommodate 
reporters of news to be disseminated by radio, television, and similar 
means of transmission, wishing to report debates and proceedings, shall 
be set aside for their use. Reputable reporters and correspondents shall 
be admitted thereto under such regulations as the Speaker may prescribe. 
The Executive Com






 
  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 3 of rule XXXIV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). It was adopted initially on April 20, 1939 (p. 4561), 
and was amended on May 30, 1940 (p. 7208) and on January 22, 1971 (p. 
144).

                                Rule VII


Archiving
                          records of the house



Sec. 695. Duties of Clerk and committees as to custody of 
papers before committees.

  1. (a)  At the end of each Congress, the chairman of 
each committee shall transfer to the Clerk any noncurrent records of 
such committee, including the subcommittees thereof.


  (b) At the end of each Congress, each officer of the House elected 
under rule II shall transfer to the Clerk any noncurrent records made or 
acquired in the course of the duties of such officer.


[[Page 390]]

of the House and remain subject to this rule and any order of the House.
Public availability
  2. The Clerk shall deliver the records transferred under clause 1, 
together with any other noncurrent records of the House, to the 
Archivist of the United States for preservation at the National Archives 
and Records Administration. Records so delivered are the permanent 
property

  3. (a) The Clerk shall authorize the Archivist to make records 
delivered under clause 2 available for public use, subject to clause 
4(b) and any order of the House.

  (b)(1) A record shall immediately be made available if it was 
previously made available for public use by the House or a committee or 
a subcommittee.

  (2) An investigative record that contains personal data relating to a 
specific living person (the disclosure of which would be an unwarranted 
invasion of personal privacy), an administrative record relating to 
personnel, or a record relating to a hearing that was closed under 
clause 2(g)(2) of rule XI shall be made available if it has been in 
existence for 50 years.


[[Page 391]]

  (3) A record for which a time, schedule, or condition for availability 
is specified by order of the House shall be made available in accordance 
with that order. Except as otherwise provided by order of the House, a 
record of a committee for which a time, schedule, or condition for 
availability is specified by order of the committee (entered during the 
Congress in which the record is made or acquired by the committee) shall 
be made available in accordance with the order of the committee.

  (4) A record (other than a record referred to in subparagraph (1), 
(2), or (3)) shall be made available if it has been in existence for 30 
years.

  4. (a) A record may not be made available for public use under clause 
3 if the Clerk determines that such availability would be detrimental to 
the public interest or inconsistent with the rights and privileges of 
the House. The Clerk shall notify in writing the chairman and ranking 
minority member of the Committee on House Administration of any such 
determination.

  (b) A determination of the Clerk under paragraph (a) is subject to 
later orders of the House and, in the case of a record of a committee, 
later orders of the committee.

  5. (a) This rule does not supersede rule VIII or clause 11 of rule X 
and does not authorize the public disclosure of any record if such 
disclosure is prohibited by law or executive order of the President.

  (b) The Committee on House Administration may prescribe guidelines and 
regulations governing the applicability and implementation of this rule.


[[Page 392]]

Definition of record
  (c) A committee may withdraw from the National Archives and Records 
Administration any record of the committee delivered to the Archivist 
under this rule. Such a withdrawal shall be on a temporary basis and for 
official use of the committee.

  6. In this rule the term ``record'' means any official, permanent 
record of the House (other than a record of an individual Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner), including--

      (a) with respect to a committee, an official, permanent record of 
the committee (including any record of a legislative, oversight, or 
other activity of such committee or a subcommittee thereof); and


      (b) with respect to an officer of the House elected under rule II, 
an official, permanent record made or acquired in the course of the 
duties of such officer.

  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, clauses 1 
through 6 were found in former rule XXXVI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 
----). That rule was adopted initially in 1880 (V, 7260). Clause 2 
(which derived from section 140(a) of the Legislative Reorganization Act 
of 1946 (60 Stat. 812)) was added in the 83d Congress when the rule was 
also renumbered (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1953, p. 24). It was amended on 
January 22, 1971 (p. 144). It was again amended in the 99th Congress to 
change the reference from the General Services Administration to the 
National Archives and Records Administration (H. Res. 114, Oct. 14, 
1986, p. 30821). The rule was rewritten entirely in the 101st Congress 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1989, p. 73) to incorporate the provisions of H. 
Res. 419 as reported from the Committee on Rules in the 100th Congress 
(H. Rept. 100-1054). Clerical corrections were effected to reflect 
changes in the name of the Committee on House Administration in the 
104th and 106th Congresses (sec. 202(b), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 
467; H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Clerical corrections were 
effected in the 107th Congress to correct cross references (sec. 2(x), 
H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).



[[Page 393]]


Withdrawal of papers
  The Clerk has historically been authorized to permit the Administrator 
of General Services (now Archivist) to make available for use certain 
records of the House transferred to the National Archives (H. Res. 288, 
June 16, 1953, p. 6641). Under this rule, an order of the House is 
required for the release of noncurrent records of the House (Mar. 22, 
1991, p. 7549).




Sec. 696. Custody of papers in the files of the House.

  7.  A 
memorial or other paper presented to the House may not be withdrawn from 
its files without its leave. If withdrawn certified copies thereof shall 
be left in the office of the Clerk. When an act passes for the 
settlement of a claim, the Clerk may transmit to the officer charged 
with the settlement thereof the papers on file in his office relating to 
such claim. The Clerk may lend temporarily to an officer or bureau of 
the executive departments any papers on file in his office relating to 
any matter pending before such officer or bureau, taking proper receipt 
therefor.


  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former rule XXXVII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 
----). It was adopted initially in 1873 and amended in 1880 (V, 7256). 
It was renumbered January 3, 1953 (p. 24).

  The House usually allows the withdrawal of papers only in cases where 
there has been no adverse report. As the rules for the order of business 
give no place to the motion to withdraw, it is made by unanimous consent 
(V, 7259). The House formerly adopted a privileged resolution at the 
beginning of each Congress authorizing the Clerk to furnish certified 
copies of certain types of House papers subpoenaed by courts upon 
determination of relevancy by the court, but not permitting production 
of executive session papers or transfer of original papers (Jan. 3, 
1973, p. 30).





 
  See rule VIII, infra for current procedure for response to subpoenas 
for papers of the House.

                                Rule VIII


                          response to subpoenas


[[Page 394]]

to the official functions of the House or for the production or 
disclosure of any document relating to the official functions of the 
House, such Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or 
employee shall comply, consistently with the privileges and rights of 
the House, with the judicial or administrative subpoena or judicial 
order as hereinafter provided, unless otherwise determined under this 
rule.


Sec. 697. Response to subpoenas.

  1.  When a Member, Delegate, 
Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House is properly 
served with a judicial or administrative subpoena or judicial order 
directing appearance as a witness relating


  2. Upon receipt of a properly served judicial or administrative 
subpoena or judicial order described in clause 1, a Member, Delegate, 
Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House shall promptly 
notify the Speaker of its receipt in writing. Such notification shall 
promptly be laid before the House by the Speaker. During a period of 
recess or adjournment of longer than three days, notification to the 
House is not required until the reconvening of the House, when the 
notification shall promptly be laid before the House by the Speaker.


[[Page 395]]

  3. Once notification has been laid before the House, the Member, 
Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House shall 
determine whether the issuance of the judicial or administrative 
subpoena or judicial order described in clause 1 is a proper exercise of 
jurisdiction by the court, is material and relevant, and is consistent 
with the privileges and rights of the House. Such Member, Delegate, 
Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee shall notify the Speaker 
before seeking judicial determination of these matters.

  4. Upon determination whether a judicial or administrative subpoena or 
judicial order described in clause 1 is a proper exercise of 
jurisdiction by the court, is material and relevant, and is consistent 
with the privileges and rights of the House, the Member, Delegate, 
Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House shall 
immediately notify the Speaker of the determination in writing.

  5. The Speaker shall inform the House of a determination whether a 
judicial or administrative subpoena or judicial order described in 
clause 1 is a proper exercise of jurisdiction by the court, is material 
and relevant, and is consistent with the privileges and rights of the 
House. In so informing the House, the Speaker shall generally describe 
the records or information sought. During a period of recess or 
adjournment of longer than three days, such notification is not required 
until the reconvening of the House, when the notification shall promptly 
be laid before the House by the Speaker.


[[Page 396]]

poena or judicial order by supplying certified copies.
  6. (a) Except as specified in paragraph (b) or otherwise ordered by 
the House, upon notification to the House that a judicial or 
administrative subpoena or judicial order described in clause 1 is a 
proper exercise of jurisdiction by the court, is material and relevant, 
and is consistent with the privileges and rights of the House, the 
Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the 
House shall comply with the judicial or administrative sub

  (b) Under no circumstances may minutes or transcripts of executive 
sessions, or evidence of witnesses in respect thereto, be disclosed or 
copied. During a period of recess or adjournment of longer than three 
days, the Speaker may authorize compliance or take such other action as 
he considers appropriate under the circumstances. Upon the reconvening 
of the House, all matters that transpired under this clause shall 
promptly be laid before the House by the Speaker.

  7. A copy of this rule shall be transmitted by the Clerk to the court 
when a judicial or administrative subpoena or judicial order described 
in clause 1 is issued and served on a Member, Delegate, Resident 
Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House.


  8. Nothing in this rule shall be construed to deprive, condition, or 
waive the constitutional or legal privileges or rights applicable or 
available at any time to a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, 
officer, or employee of the House, or of the House itself, or the right 
of such Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee, 
or of the House itself, to assert such privileges or rights before a 
court in the United States.


[[Page 397]]

p. 19) when general authority was granted to respond to subpoenas and a 
procedure was established for automatic compliance without the necessity 
of a House vote. This standing authority was clarified and revised later 
in the 96th Congress (H. Res. 722, Sept. 17, 1980, pp. 25777-90) and 
forms the basis for the present rule. In the 107th Congress the rule was 
amended to broaden its application to administrative subpoenas (sec. 
2(c), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).
  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former rule L (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). 
It was added initially in the 97th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1981, p. 
98). Until the 95th Congress, whenever a Member, officer, or employee 
received a subpoena, the House would authorize the person to respond by 
adopting a resolution. This case-by-case approach was changed in the 
95th and 96th Congresses (H. Res. 10, Jan. 4, 1977, p. 73; H. Res. 10, 
Jan. 15, 1979,

  In the 102d Congress the House considered as questions of the 
privileges of the House resolutions: responding to a subpoena for 
records of the ``bank'' in the Office of the Sergeant-at-Arms (Apr. 29, 
1992, p. 9753); responding to a contemporaneous request for such records 
from a Special Counsel (Apr. 29, 1992, p. 9763); and authorizing an 
officer of the House to release certain documents in response to another 
such request from the Special Counsel (May 28, 1992, p. 12790). Under 
rule VIII as amended in the 107th Congress, a Member or employee 
receiving such a subpoena informs the Speaker, as had been the practice 
under precedent (Deschler's Precedents, vol. 3, ch. 11, sec. 14.8) 
before the rule was amended (July 30, 1998, p. ----; May 3, 1999, p. --
--).





 
  Under clause 2, the Speaker promptly lays before the House a 
communication notifying him of the receipt of a subpoena, but the rule 
does not require that the text of a subpoena be printed in the Record 
(July 31, 1992, p. 20602).

                                 Rule IX


                         questions of privilege



Sec. 698. Definition of questions of privilege.

  1.  Questions 
of privilege shall be, first, those affecting the rights of the House 
collectively, its safety, dignity, and the integrity of its proceedings; 
and second, those affecting the rights, reputation, and conduct of 
Members, Delegates, or the Resident Commissioner, individually, in their 
representative capacity only.



[[Page 398]]

leged under clause 1, section 7, article I of the Constitution, shall 
have precedence of all other questions except motions to adjourn. A 
resolution offered from the floor by a Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner other than the Majority Leader or the Minority Leader as a 
question of the privileges of the House shall have precedence of all 
other questions except motions to adjourn only at a time or place, 
designated by the Speaker, in the legislative schedule within two 
legislative days after the day on which the proponent announces to the 
House his intention to offer the resolution and the form of the 
resolution. Oral announcement of the form of the resolution may be 
dispensed with by unanimous consent.


Sec. 699. Precedence of questions of 
privilege.

  2. (a)(1) A resolution  reported as a question of the privileges of the House, or 
offered from the floor by the Majority Leader or the Minority Leader as 
a question of the privileges of the House, or offered as privi


  (2) The time allotted for debate on a resolution offered from the 
floor as a question of the privileges of the House shall be equally 
divided between (A) the proponent of the resolution, and (B) the 
Majority Leader, the Minority Leader, or a designee, as determined by 
the Speaker.


  (b) A question of personal privilege shall have precedence of all 
other questions except motions to adjourn.


[[Page 399]]

announcement of the form of the resolution to be dispensed with by 
unanimous consent, and clerical and stylistic changes were effected when 
the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).

  This rule was adopted in 1880 (III, 2521). It merely defined what had 
been long established in the practice of the House but what the House 
had hitherto been unwilling to define (II, 1603). It was amended in the 
103d Congress to authorize the Speaker to designate a time within a 
period of two legislative days for the consideration of a resolution to 
be offered from the floor by a Member other than the Majority Leader or 
the Minority Leader as a question of the privileges of the House after 
that Member has announced to the House his intention to do so and the 
content of the resolution, and to divide the time for debate on a 
resolution offered from the floor as a question of the privileges of the 
House (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1993, p. 49). Clause 2 was amended in the 
106th Congress to permit the




Sec. 700. Questions of privileges of the House.

  The  body of 
precedent relating to questions of privilege includes rulings that span 
the adoption of standing rule IX in 1880. The rule was adopted ``to 
prevent the large consumption of time which resulted from Members 
getting the floor for all kinds of speeches under the pretext of raising 
a question of privilege'' (III, 2521). In a landmark decision on 
constitutional assertions of privilege, Speaker Gillett placed 
significant reliance on the history of rule IX by observing that it 
``was obviously adopted for the purpose of hindering the extension of 
constitutional or other privilege'' (VI, 48). Under House practice, a 
resolution offered as a question of the privileges of the House is read 
in full by the Clerk (Oct. 10, 1998, p. ----).




Sec. 701. Questions relating to organization.

  The  privileges 
of the House include questions relating to its organization (I, 22-24, 
189, 212, 290), and the title of its Members to their seats (III, 2579-
2587), which may be raised as questions of the privileges of the House 
even though the subject has been previously referred to committee (I, 
742; III, 2584; VIII, 2307). Such resolutions include those: (1) to 
declare prima facie right to a seat, or to declare a vacancy, where the 
House has referred the questions of prima facie and final rights to an 
elections committee for investigation (H. Res. 1, Jan. 3, 1985, p. 381; 
H. Res. 52, Feb. 7, 1985, p. 2220; H. Res. 97, Mar. 4, 1985, p. 4277; H. 
Res. 121, Apr. 2, 1985, p. 7118; H. Res. 148, Apr. 30, 1985, p. 9801); 
(2) to raise various questions incidental to the right to a seat (I, 
322, 328, 673, 742; II, 1207; III, 2588; VII, 2316), such as a 
resolution to declare a vacancy in the House because a Member-elect is 
unable to take the oath of office and to serve as a Member or to 
expressly resign the office due to an incapacitating illness (H. Res. 
80, Feb. 24, 1981, p. 2916); (3) to declare neither of two claimants 
seated pending a committee report and decision of final right to the 
seat by the House (Jan. 3, 1961, pp. 23-25; Jan. 3, 1985, p. 381), 
including incidental provisions providing compensation for both 
claimants and office staffing by the Clerk (Jan. 3, 1985, p. 381) and to 
direct temporary seating of a certified Member-elect pending 
determination of final right notwithstanding prior House action 
declining to seat either claimant (Feb. 7, 1985, p. 2220; Mar. 4, 1985, 
p. 4277); and (4) to propose directly to dispose of a contest over the 
title to a seat in the House (Nov. 8, 1997, p. ----; Nov. 9, 1997, p. --
--; Jan. 28, 1998, p. ----) or to dispose of such contest upon the 
expiration of a specified day (Oct. 23, 1997, p. ----; Oct. 29, 1997, p. 
----; Oct. 30, 1997, p. ----; Nov. 5, 1997, p. ----).



[[Page 400]]

and the title of its Members to seats, see Sec. Sec. 18-30, 46-51, 56, 
and 58-60, supra.

  A resolution electing a House officer is presented as a question of 
privilege (July 31, 1997, p. ----). A resolution declaring vacant the 
Office of the Speaker is presented as a matter of high constitutional 
privilege (VI, 35). For further discussion with respect to the 
organization of the House



Sec. 702. Questions relating to constitutional 
prerogatives.

  The  privileges of the House, as distinguished from that of 
the individual Member, include questions relating to its constitutional 
prerogatives in respect to revenue legislation and appropriations (see, 
e.g., II, 1480-1501; VI, 315; Nov. 8, 1979, p. 31517; Oct. 1, 1985, p. 
25418; June 16, 1988, p. 14780; June 21, 1988, p. 15425; Aug. 12, 1994, 
p. 21655). For a more thorough record of revenue bills returned to the 
Senate, see Sec. 102, supra. Such a question of privilege may be raised 
at any time when the House is in possession of the papers (June 20, 
1968, Deschler's Precedents, vol. 3, ch. 13, sec. 14.2; Aug. 19, 1982, 
p. 22127), but not otherwise (Apr. 6, 1995, p. 10701). Such a question 
of privilege includes a resolution asserting that a conference report 
accompanying a House bill originated revenue provisions in derogation of 
the sole constitutional prerogative of the House and resolving that such 
bill be recommitted to conference (July 27, 2000, p. ----). The 
constitutional prerogatives of the House also include its function with 
respect to: (1) treaties (II, 1502-1537); (2) impeachment and matters 
incidental thereto (see Sec. 604, supra); (3) bills ``pocket vetoed'' 
during an intersession adjournment (Nov. 21, 1989, p. 31156); (4) its 
power to punish for contempt, whether of its own Members (II, 1641-
1665), of witnesses who are summoned to give information (II, 1608, 
1612; III, 1666-1724), or of other persons (II, 1597-1640); and (5) 
questions relating to legal challenges involving the prerogatives of the 
House (Jan. 29, 1981, p. 1304; Mar. 30, 1982, p. 5890), including a 
resolution responding to a court challenge to the prerogative of the 
House to establish a Chaplain (Mar. 30, 1982, p. 5890). A resolution 
laying on the table a message from the President containing certain 
averments inveighing disrespect toward Members of Congress was 
considered as a question of the privileges of the House asserting a 
breach of privilege in a formal communication to the House (VI, 330). 
For a discussion of the relationship of the House and its Members to the 
courts, see Sec. Sec. 290-291b, supra.



[[Page 401]]

Nov. 4, 1999, pp. ----, ----, ----). On the other hand, an extraordinary 
question relating to the House vote required by the Constitution to pass 
a joint resolution extending the ratification period of a proposed 
constitutional amendment was raised as a question of privilege where the 
House had not otherwise made a separate determination on that procedural 
question and where consideration of the joint resolution had been made 
in order (Speaker O'Neill, Aug. 15, 1978, p. 26203).

  The ordinary rights and functions of the House under the Constitution 
are exercised in accordance with the rules without precedence as matters 
of privilege (III, 2567). For example, a legislative proposition 
presented as a question of constitutional privilege under the provisions 
of the 14th amendment was held not to involve a question of privilege 
(VI, 48). Similarly, neither the enumeration of legislative powers in 
article I of the Constitution nor the prohibition in the seventh clause 
of section 9 of that article against any withdrawal from the Treasury 
except by enactment of an appropriation renders a measure purporting to 
exercise or limit the exercise of those powers a question of the 
privileges of the House, because rule IX is concerned not with the 
privileges of the Congress, as a legislative branch, but only with the 
privileges of the House, as a House (Speaker Gingrich, Feb. 7, 1995, p. 
3905; Dec. 22, 1995, p. 38501; Jan. 3, 1996, p. 40; Jan. 24, 1996, p. 
1248; Feb. 1, 1996, p. 2245; Oct. 10, 1998, p. ----;


[[Page 402]]



Sec. 703. Questions relating to official 
conduct.

  The  privileges of the House include certain questions relating to 
the conduct of Members, officers, and employees (see, e.g., I, 284, 285; 
III, 2628, 2645-2647). Under that standard, the following resolutions 
have been held to constitute questions of the privileges of the House: 
(1) a resolution directing the Committee on Standards of Official 
Conduct to investigate illegal solicitation of political contributions 
in the House Office Building by unnamed sitting Members (July 10, 1985, 
p. 18397); (2) a resolution establishing an ad hoc committee to 
investigate allegations of ``ghost'' employment in the House (Apr. 9, 
1992, p. 9029); (3) a resolution directing a committee to further 
investigate the conduct of a Member on which it has reported to the 
House (Aug. 5, 1987, p. 22458); (4) a resolution directing the Committee 
on Standards of Official Conduct to report to the House the status of an 
investigation pending before the committee (Nov. 17, 1995, p. 33846; 
Nov. 30, 1995, p. 35075); (5) a resolution appointing an outside counsel 
(Sept. 19, 1996, p. 23851; Sept. 24, 1996, p. 24525); (6) a resolution 
to commit other matters to an outside counsel already appointed by the 
committee (June 27, 1996, p. 15917); (7) a resolution directing the 
committee to release the report of an outside counsel (Sept. 19, 1996, 
p. 23852; Sept. 24, 1996, p. 24526); (8) a resolution making allegations 
concerning the propriety of responses by officers of the House to court 
subpoenas for papers of the House without notice to the House, and 
directions to a committee to investigate such allegations (Feb. 13, 
1980, p. 2768); (9) a resolution making allegations of improper 
representation by counsel of the legal position of Members in a brief 
filed in the Court and directions for withdrawal of the brief (Mar. 22, 
1990, p. 4996); (10) a resolution making allegations of unauthorized 
actions by a committee employee to intervene in judicial proceedings 
(Feb. 5, 1992, p. 1601); (11) a resolution directing the Clerk to notify 
interested parties that the House regretted the use of official 
resources to present to the Supreme Court of Florida a legal brief 
arguing the unconstitutionality of congressional term limits, and that 
the House had no position on that question (Nov. 4, 1991, p. 29968); and 
(12) a resolution alleging a chronology of litigation relating to the 
immunity of a Member from civil liability for bona fide official acts 
and expressing the views of the House thereon (May 12, 1988, p. 10574). 
For a discussion of disciplinary resolutions meting out punishment for 
violations of standards of official conduct, which constitute questions 
of the privileges of the House, see Sec. Sec. 62-66, supra.



[[Page 403]]

the House relating to an investigation by the Committee on House 
Administration's task force to investigate the operation and management 
of the Office of the Postmaster (July 22, 1993, p. 16634); (11) 
directing the public release of transcripts and other relevant documents 
relating to an investigation by the Committee on House Administration's 
task force to investigate the operation and management of the Office of 
the Postmaster unless two designees of the bipartisan leadership agree 
to the contrary (June 9, 1994, p. 12437); and (12) directing the 
Committee on Standards of Official Conduct to defer any investigation 
relating to the operation of the former Post Office until assured that 
its inquiry would not interfere with an ongoing criminal investigation, 
as well as a resolution directing the Committee on Standards of Official 
Conduct to proceed with the investigation (Mar. 2, 1994, p. 3672).
  In the 102d and 103d Congresses, a large number of resolutions 
relating to the operation of the ``bank'' in the Office of the Sergeant-
at-Arms and the management of the Office of the Postmaster were 
presented as questions of the privileges of the House. The former 
category included resolutions: (1) terminating all bank and check-
cashing operations in the Office of the Sergeant-at-Arms and directing 
the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct to review GAO audits of 
such operations (Oct. 3, 1991, p. 25435); (2) instructing the Committee 
on Standards of Official Conduct to disclose the names and pertinent 
account information of Members and former Members found to have abused 
the privileges of the ``bank'' in the Office of the Sergeant-at-Arms 
(Mar. 12, 1992, p. 5519); (3) instructing the Committee on Standards of 
Official Conduct to disclose further account information respecting 
Members and former Members having checks held by that entity (Mar. 12, 
1992, p. 5534); (4) mandating full and accurate disclosure of pertinent 
information concerning the operation of that entity (Mar. 12, 1992, p. 
5551); (5) responding to a subpoena for records of that entity (Apr. 29, 
1992, p. 9453); (6) responding to a contemporaneous request for such 
records from a Special Counsel (Apr. 29, 1992, p. 9763); and (7) 
authorizing an officer of the House to release certain documents in 
response to another such request from the Special Counsel (May 28, 1992, 
p. 12790). The latter category included resolutions: (1) directing the 
Committee on House Administration to conduct a thorough investigation of 
the operation and management of the Office of the Postmaster in light of 
recent press allegations of wrongdoing (Feb. 5, 1992, p. 1589); (2) 
creating a select committee to investigate the same matter (Feb. 5, 
1992, p. 1599); (3) requiring an explanation of a reported interference 
with authorized access to a committee investigation of that matter (Apr. 
9, 1992, p. 9024); (4) redressing a perception of obstruction of justice 
by recusing the General Counsel to the Clerk from matters relating to 
the investigation of that matter (Apr. 9, 1992, p. 9076); (5) directing 
the Speaker to explain the lapse of time before the House received 
notice that several Members and an officer of the House had received 
subpoenas to testify before a Federal grand jury investigating that 
matter (May 14, 1992, p. 11309); (6) directing the Committee on House 
Administration to transmit to the Committee on Standards of Official 
Conduct and to the Department of Justice all records obtained by its 
task force to investigate that matter (July 22, 1992, p. 18786); (7) 
directing the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct to investigate 
violations of confidentiality by staff engaged in the investigation of 
that matter (July 22, 1992, p. 18795); (8) directing the Committee on 
House Administration to release transcripts of the proceedings of its 
task force to investigate that matter, where the investigation was 
ordered as a question of privilege and its results had been ordered 
reported to the House (July 22, 1992, p. 18796; July 23, 1992, p. 
19125); (9) directing the Committee on House Administration to redress 
the inaccurate naming of a Member in minority views accompanying a 
report on that matter (July 23, 1992, p. 19121); (10) directing the 
public release of official papers of


  In the 105th Congress a 12-member bipartisan task force appointed by 
the Majority and Minority Leaders conducted a comprehensive review of 
the House ethics process. During the deliberations of the task force, 
the House imposed a moratorium on raising certain questions of privilege 
under this rule with respect to official conduct and on the filing or 
processing of ethics complaints. The moratorium was imposed in the 
expectation that the recommendations of the task force would include 
rules changes relating to establishment and enforcement of standards of 
official conduct for Members, officers, and employees of the House (Feb. 
12, 1997, p. ----). The moratorium was extended through September 10, 
1997 (July 30, 1997, p. ----). The task force recommendations ultimately 
were reported from the Committee on Rules and were adopted with certain 
amendments (H. Res. 168, Sept. 18, 1997, p. ----).



Sec. 704. Questions relating to integrity of 
proceedings.

  The  privileges of the House include questions relating to the 
integrity of its proceedings, including the processes by which bills are 
considered (III, 2597-2601, 2614; IV, 3383, 3388, 3478), such as the 
constitutional question of the vote required to pass a joint resolution 
extending the State ratification period of a proposed constitutional 
amendment (Speaker O'Neill, Aug. 15, 1978, p. 26203). Privileges of the 
House also include: (1) resignation of a Member from a select or 
standing committee (Speaker Albert, June 16, 1975, p. 19054; Speaker 
O'Neill, Mar. 8, 1977, pp. 6579-82); (2) newspaper charges affecting the 
honor and dignity of the House (VII, 911); and (3) the conduct of 
representatives of the press (II, 1630, 1631; III, 2627; VI, 553).


  Admission to the floor of the House constitutes a question of 
privilege (III, 2624-2626), including a resolution alleging indecorous 
behavior of a former Member and instructing the Sergeant-at-Arms to ban 
the former Member from the floor, and rooms leading thereto, until the 
resolution of a contested election to which he was party (H. Res. 233, 
Sept. 18, 1997, p. ----).


[[Page 404]]

3461, 3463, 3464, 3491, 3499; Apr. 20, 1936, p. 5704; May 11, 1936, p. 
7019; May 7, 1979, p. 10099), including a resolution: (1) asserting that 
a Member's remarks spoken in debate were omitted from the printed 
Record, directing that the Record be corrected and requiring the Clerk 
to report on the circumstances and possible corrective action (July 29, 
1983, p. 21685); (2) directing the Committee on Rules to investigate and 
report to the House within a time certain on alleged alterations of the 
Congressional Record (Jan. 24, 1984, p. 250); and (3) addressing whether 
the Record should constitute a verbatim transcript (May 8, 1985, p. 
11072; Feb. 7, 1990, p. 1515). Although a motion to correct the 
Congressional Record based on improper alterations or insertions may be 
raised as a question of privilege, mere typographical errors or ordinary 
revisions of a Member's remarks do not form the basis for privileged 
motions to correct the Record (Apr. 25, 1985, p. 9419; see Sec. 690, 
supra).
  The accuracy and propriety of reports in the Congressional Record also 
constitute a question of privileges of the House (V, 7005-7023; VIII, 
3163,

  The protection of House records constitutes a question of the 
privileges of the House, especially when records are demanded by the 
courts (III, 2604, 2659, 2660-2664; VI, 587; Sept. 18, 1992, p. 25750; 
see also Sec. 291, supra). Privileges of the House involving records 
also include: (1) a resolution furnishing certain requested information 
to an Independent Counsel investigating covert arms transactions with 
Iran (June 4, 1992, p. 13664); (2) a resolution responding to a request 
of a law enforcement official regarding the timing of the public release 
of official papers of the House (July 22, 1993, p. 16624); (3) a 
resolution directing a committee to investigate press publication of a 
report that the House had ordered not to be released (Speaker Albert, 
Feb. 19, 1976, p. 3914); (4) a resolution directing the public release 
of transcripts and other relevant documents relating to an investigation 
by the Committee on House Administration's task force to investigate the 
operation and management of the Office of the Postmaster unless two 
designees of the bipartisan leadership agreed to the contrary (June 9, 
1994, p. 12437); and (5) a resolution alleging that a Member willfully 
abused his power as chairman of a committee by unilaterally releasing 
records of the committee in contravention of its rules (adopted 
``protocol''), and expressing disapproval of such conduct (May 14, 1998, 
p. ----). However, a resolution directing a standing committee to 
release executive-session material referred to it as such by special 
rule of the House was held to propose a change in the rules and, 
therefore, not to constitute a question of the privileges of the House 
under rule IX (Sept. 23, 1998, p. ----).


[[Page 405]]

a committee hearing and resolving that the Speaker take appropriate 
measures to ensure the integrity of the legislative process and report 
his actions and recommendations to the House (Oct. 25, 1995, p. 29373); 
and (3) a resolution requesting the Senate to return a House-passed bill 
and accompanying papers to the House if an error had been made by the 
Clerk in preparing the message to the Senate (Oct. 1, 1982, p. 27172). 
The privileges of the House also include: (1) the integrity of its 
Journal (II, 1363; III, 2620) and messages (III, 2613); (2) unreasonable 
delay in transmitting an enrolled bill to the President (Oct. 8, 1991, 
p. 25761); and (3) a concurrent resolution directing the Clerk of the 
House and the Secretary of the Senate to produce official duplicates of 
certain legislative papers (Oct. 5, 1992, p. 32064).
  A question regarding the accuracy of House documents constitutes a 
question of privileges of the House (V, 7329), including: (1) a 
resolution asserting that a printed transcript of joint subcommittee 
hearings contained unauthorized alterations of the statements of 
subcommittee members in the prior Congress and that unauthorized 
alterations may have occurred in other committee hearing transcripts, 
and proposing the creation of a select committee to investigate and 
report back by a date certain (June 29, 1983, p. 18279); (2) a 
resolution alleging the unauthorized creation and falsification of 
documents distributed to the general public at

  A resolution alleging that the Chair had improperly ordered the 
interruption of audio broadcast coverage of certain House proceedings 
constitutes a question of privileges of the House (Mar. 17, 1988, p. 
4180), as does a resolution providing for an experiment in the 
telecasting and broadcasting of House proceedings (Speaker O'Neill, Mar. 
15, 1977, p. 7607). Similarly, a resolution authorizing and directing 
the Speaker to provide for the audio and visual broadcast coverage of 
the Chamber while Members are voting has been held to present a question 
of the privileges of the House, because rule V (former clause 9 of rule 
I), which requires complete and unedited audio and visual coverage of 
House proceedings and coverage of record votes, had not been implemented 
(Apr. 30, 1985, p. 9821).


  Alleged improprieties in committee procedures, including charges of 
committee inaction (III, 2610), secret committee conferences (VI, 578), 
refusal to make staff study available to certain Members and to the 
public (Feb. 14, 1939, p. 1370), refusal to give hearings or allow 
petitions to be read (III, 2607), refusal to permit committee member to 
take photostatic copies of committee files (Aug. 14, 1957, p. 14739), 
and a determination whether a committee violated House rules by voting 
to take allegedly defamatory testimony in open session (June 30, 1958, 
p. 12690), were all held not to give rise to a question of the 
privileges of the House.




Sec. 705. Questions relating to comfort and 
convenience.

  The  privileges of the House include questions relating to the 
comfort and convenience of Members and employees (III, 2629-2636), such 
as resolutions concerning the proper attire for Members in the Chamber 
when the temperature is uncomfortably warm (July 17, 1979, p. 19008); as 
well as questions relating to safety, such as resolutions requiring an 
investigation into the safety of Members in view of alleged structural 
deficiencies in the West Front of the Capitol (July 25, 1980, pp. 19762-
64); and directing the appointment of a select committee to inquire into 
alleged fire safety deficiencies in the environs of the House (May 10, 
1988, p. 10286).



[[Page 406]]

and a question of the privileges of the House may not be invoked to 
effect a change in the rules or standing orders of the House or their 
interpretation (Speaker O'Neill, Dec. 6, 1977, pp. 38470-73; Sept. 9, 
1988, p. 23298; July 30, 1992, p. 20339; Jan. 31, 1996, p. 1887), 
including directions to the Speaker infringing upon his discretionary 
power of recognition under clause 2 of rule XVII (former clause 2 of 
rule XIV) (July 25, 1980, pp. 19762-64), for example, by requiring that 
he give priority in recognition to any Member seeking to call up a 
matter highly privileged pursuant to a statutory provision, over a 
member from the Committee on Rules seeking to call up a privileged 
report from that committee (Speaker Wright, Mar. 11, 1987, p. 5403), or 
by requiring that he state the question on overriding a veto before 
recognizing for a motion to refer (thereby overruling prior decisions of 
the Chair to change the order of precedence of motions) (Speaker Wright, 
Aug. 3, 1988, p. 20281). Similarly, a resolution alleging that, in light 
of an internationally objectionable French program of nuclear test 
detonations, for the House to receive the President of France in a joint 
meeting would be injurious to its dignity and to the integrity of its 
proceedings, and resolving that the Speaker withdraw the pending 
invitation and refrain from similar invitations, was held not to present 
a question of the privileges of the House because it proposed a 
collateral change in an order of the House previously adopted (that the 
House recess for the purpose of receiving the President of France) and a 
new rule for future cases (Jan. 31, 1996, p. 1887). A resolution 
collaterally challenging the validity or fairness of an adopted rule of 
the House by delaying its implementation was held not to give rise to a 
question of the privileges of the House (Speaker Foley, sustained by 
tabling of appeal, Feb. 3, 1993, p. 1974). A resolution directing that 
the party ratios of all standing committees, subcommittees, and staffs 
thereof be changed within a time certain to reflect overall party ratios 
in the House was held to constitute a change in the Rules of the House 
and not to constitute a proper question of the privileges of the House 
(the standing rules already providing mechanisms for selecting committee 
members and staff) (Jan. 23, 1984, p. 78). On the other hand, although 
the Rules of the House establish a procedure for fixing the ratio of 
majority to minority members on full committees and also provide that 
subcommittees are subject to the direction and control of the full 
committee (clause 1 of rule XI), a question of the privileges of the 
House is raised where it is alleged that subcommittee ratios should 
reflect full committee ratios established by the House and failure to do 
so denies representational rights at the subcommittee level (Oct. 4, 
1984, p. 30042). A resolution alleging that a recitation of the Pledge 
of Allegiance at the start of each legislative day would enhance the 
dignity and integrity of the proceedings of the House and directing that 
the Speaker implement such a recitation as the practice of the House was 
held to propose a change in the rules and therefore not to give rise to 
a question of the privileges of the House (Sept. 9, 1988, p. 23298). A 
resolution directing that the reprogramming process established in law 
for legislative branch appropria

[[Page 407]]

tions be subjected to third-party review for conformity with external 
standards of accounting but alleging no deviation from duly constituted 
procedure was held not to give rise to a question of the privileges of 
the House (Speaker Foley, sustained by tabling of appeal, May 20, 1992, 
p. 12005). A resolution to permit the Delegate of the District of 
Columbia to vote on articles of impeachment of the President in 
contravention of statutory law and the Rules of the House was held to be 
tantamount to change in the rules and therefore not to constitute a 
question of the privileges of the House (Dec. 18, 1998, p. ----). A 
resolution directing a standing committee to release executive-session 
material referred to it as such by special rule of the House was held to 
propose a change in the rules and, therefore, not to constitute a 
question of the privileges of the House (Sept. 23, 1998, p. ----).


Sec. 706. May not effect change in rules.

  A motion  to amend 
the Rules of the House does not present a question of privilege (Speaker 
Cannon, sustained by the House, thereby overruling the decision of March 
19, 1910 (VIII, 3376), which held such motion privileged (VIII, 3377)),



  A question of the privileges of the House may not be invoked to 
prescribe a special order of business for the House, because otherwise 
any Member would be able to attach privilege to a legislative measure 
merely by alleging impact on the dignity of the House based upon House 
action or inaction (Speaker Albert, June 27, 1974, p. 21596; July 31, 
1975, p. 26250; Dec. 22, 1995, p. 38501; Jan. 3, 1996, p. 40; Jan. 24, 
1996, p. 1248). For example, a resolution alleging that the inability of 
the House to enact certain legislation constituted an impairment of the 
dignity of the House, the integrity of its proceedings, and its place in 
public esteem, and resolving that the House be considered to have passed 
such legislation, does not give rise to a question of the privileges of 
the House (Jan. 3, 1996, p. 40; Jan. 24, 1996, p. 1248). Similarly, a 
resolution precluding an adjournment of the House until a specified 
legislative measure is considered does not constitute a question of the 
privileges of the House (Feb. 1, 1996, p. 2247). See also Sec. 702, 
supra, for a discussion of legislative propositions purporting to 
present questions of the privileges of the House.


[[Page 408]]

of the President (IV, 3530-3536), propositions of impeachment (see 
Sec. 604, supra), and questions incidental thereto (III, 2401, 2418; V, 
7261; July 22, 1986, p. 17306; Dec. 2, 1987, p. 33720; Jan. 3, 1989, p. 
84; Feb. 7, 1989, p. 1726), matters relating to the count of the 
electoral vote (III, 2573-2578), resolutions relating to adjournment and 
recess of Congress (V, 6698, 6701-6706; Nov. 13, 1997, p. ----), and a 
resolution declaring the Office of the Speaker vacant (VI, 35); but 
under later decisions certain of these matters which have no other basis 
in the Constitution or in the rules for privileged status, such as bills 
relating to census and apportionment, have been held not to present 
questions of privilege, and the effect of such decisions is to require 
all questions of privilege to come within the specific provisions of 
this rule (VI, 48; VII, 889; Apr. 8, 1926, p. 7147) (see Sec. 702, 
supra).


Sec. 707. As distinct from privileged questions.

  The  clause 
of the rule giving questions over privilege precedence of all other 
questions except a motion to adjourn is a recognition of a well-
established principle in the House, for it is an axiom of the 
parliamentary law that such a question ``supersedes the consideration of 
the original question, and must be first disposed of'' (III, 2522, 2523; 
VI, 595). As the business of the House began to increase it was found 
necessary to give certain important matters a precedence by rule, and 
such matters are called ``privileged questions.'' But as they relate 
merely to the order of business under the rules, they are to be 
distinguished from ``questions of privilege'' which relate to the safety 
or efficiency of the House itself as an organ for action (III, 2718). It 
is evident, therefore, that a question of privilege takes precedence 
over a matter merely privileged under the rules (III, 2526-2530; V, 
6454; VIII, 3465). Certain matters of business, arising under provisions 
of the Constitution mandatory in nature, have been held to have a 
privilege which superseded the rules establishing the order of business, 
as bills providing for census or apportionment (I, 305-308), bills 
returned with the objections



  A resolution that presents a proper question of the privileges of the 
House (alteration of subcommittee hearing transcripts) may propose the 
creation of a select investigatory committee with subpoena authority to 
report back to the House by a date certain (June 29, 1983, p. 18104), 
but may not appropriate funds for the investigating committee from the 
contingent fund (now referred to as ``applicable accounts of the House 
described in clause 1(i)(1) of rule X'') (VI, 395).


[[Page 409]]

17, 1986, p. 23605). While a Member may be recognized on a question of 
personal privilege to complain about an abuse of House rules as applied 
to debate in which he was properly participating, he may not raise a 
question of personal privilege merely to complain that microphones had 
been turned off during disorderly conduct following expiration of his 
recognition for debate (Mar. 16, 1988, p. 4085).


Sec. 708. Questions of personal privilege.

  The  privilege of 
the Member rests primarily on the Constitution, which gives to him a 
conditional immunity from arrest (Sec. 90, supra) and an unconditional 
freedom of debate in the House (III, 2670, Sec. 92, supra). A menace to 
the personal safety of Members from an insecure ceiling in the Hall was 
held to involve a question of the highest privilege (III, 2685); and an 
assault on a Member within the Capitol when the House was not in 
session, from a cause not connected with the Member's representative 
capacity, was also held to involve a question of privilege (II, 1624). 
But there has been doubt as to the right of the House to interfere for 
the protection of Members, who outside the Hall, get into difficulties 
not connected with their official duties (II, 1277; III, 2678; 
footnote). Charges against the conduct of a Member are held to involve 
privilege when they relate to his representative capacity (III, 1828-
1830, 2716; VI, 604, 612; VIII, 2479); but when they relate to conduct 
at a time before he became a Member they have not been entertained as of 
privilege (II, 1287; III, 2691, 2723, 2725). While questions of personal 
privilege normally involve matters touching on a Member's reputation, a 
Member may be recognized for a question of personal privilege based on a 
violation of his rights as a Member, such as unauthorized printed 
alterations in his statements made during a subcommittee hearing in a 
prior Congress (since the second phrase of this clause speaks to the 
``rights, reputation, and conduct of Members, individually'') (June 28, 
1983, p. 17674). A printed characterization by an officer of the House 
of a Member's proposed amendments as ``dilatory and frivolous'' may give 
rise to a question of personal privilege (Aug. 1, 1985, p. 22542) as may 
the fraudulent use of a Member's official stationery as a ``Dear 
Colleague'' letter (Sept.


  Speaker Wright rose to a question of personal privilege to respond to 
a ``statement of alleged violations'' pending in the Committee on 
Standards of Official Conduct; and, pending the committee's disposition 
of his motion to dismiss, announced his intention to resign as Speaker 
and as a Member (May 31, 1989, p. 10440). Speaker Gingrich rose to a 
question of personal privilege to discuss his own official conduct 
previously resolved by the House, which question was based upon press 
accounts (Apr. 17, 1997, p. ----). Speaker Hastert rose to a question of 
personal privilege to discuss the process for selecting a Chaplain, 
which question was based on press accounts (Mar. 23, 2000, p. ----).

  A Member rose to a question of personal privilege to discuss his own 
official conduct relative to his account with the ``bank'' operated by 
the Sergeant-at-Arms, which question was based on press accounts (Mar. 
19, 1992, p. 6074). A Member rose to a question of personal privilege 
based on press accounts concerning allegations by other Members that he, 
as a committee chairman, had been ``buying votes'' (Mar. 26, 1998, p. --
--). A committee chairman rose to a question of personal privilege based 
on press accounts containing statements impugning his character and 
motive by alleging intentional violation of rules as chairman of a 
committee conducting an investigation (May 12, 1998, p. ----). A 
committee chairman rose to a question of personal privilege to discuss 
his own official conduct, which question was based on a letter of 
reproval reported by the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct 
(Oct. 5, 2000, p. ----).


[[Page 410]]

pugn his character or motives (May 15, 1984, pp. 12207, 12211; May 31, 
1984, p. 14620), or based upon newspaper accounts of televised press 
coverage of a committee hearing at which he was criticized derogatorily 
(Mar. 3, 1988, p. 3196).

  A distinction has been drawn between charges made by one Member 
against another in a newspaper or in a press release (July 28, 1970, p. 
26002) or in a ``Dear Colleague'' letter (Aug. 4, 1989, p. 19139; May 
14, 1996, p. 11081), and the same when made on the floor (III, 1827, 
2691, 2717). Charges made in newspapers against Members in their 
representative capacities involve privilege (III, 1832, 2694, 2696-2699, 
2703, 2704; VI, 576, 621; VIII, 2479), even though the names of 
individual Members are not given (III, 1831, 2705, 2709; VI, 616, 617). 
But vague charges in newspaper articles (III, 2711; VI, 570), criticisms 
(III, 2712-2714; VIII, 2465), or even misrepresentations of the Member's 
speeches or acts or responses in an interview (III, 2707, 2708; Aug. 3, 
1990, p. 22135), have not been entertained. A question of personal 
privilege may not ordinarily be based merely on words spoken in debate 
(July 23, 1987, p. 20861; Mar. 16, 1988, p. 4085; Nov. 16, 1989, p. 
29569; Sept. 25, 1996, p. 24807) or conveyed by an exhibit in debate 
(June 28, 2000, p. ----). However, a Member may raise a question of 
personal privilege based upon press accounts of another Member's 
remarks, in debate or off the floor, which im



Sec. 709. Precedence of questions of privileges of the 
House.

  The  body of precedent relating to the precedence of questions of 
privilege spans both the adoption of standing rule IX in 1880 and its 
amendment to require notice in certain cases in 1993.


  A question of privilege which relates to a breach of privilege (an 
assault) occurring during the reading of the Journal may interrupt its 
reading (II, 1630). A question of privilege may interrupt the reading of 
the Journal (II, 1630; VI, 637), the consideration of a bill under a 
special order (III, 2524, 2525), even where the rule thereon provides 
for a vote without intervening motion (VI, 560), a proposition to 
suspend the rules (III, 2553; VI, 553, 565), the consideration of 
certain matters on which the previous question has been ordered (III, 
2532; VI, 561; VIII, 2688), business in order on Calendar Wednesday (VI, 
394; VII, 908-910), reports from the Rules Committee before 
consideration has begun (VIII, 3491; Mar. 11, 1987, p. 5403), call of 
the Consent Calendar on Monday (VI, 553), before that Calendar was 
repealed in the 104th Congress (H. Res. 168, June 20, 1995, p. 16574), 
and motions to resolve into the Committee of the Whole (VI, 554; VIII, 
3461). A question of the privileges of the House takes precedence over 
unfinished business, privileged under clauses 1 and 3 of rule XIV 
(former rule XXIV) (Speaker Albert, June 4, 1975, p. 16860). Since a 
resolution raising a question of the privileges of the House takes 
precedence over a motion to suspend the rules, it may be offered and 
voted on between motions to suspend the rules on which the Speaker has 
postponed record votes until after debate on all suspensions (May 17, 
1983, p. 12486). In general, one question of privilege may not take 
precedence over another (III, 2534, 2552, 2581), and the Chair's power 
of recognition determines which of two matters of equal privilege is 
considered first (July 24, 1990, p. 18916). While under rule IX a 
question of the privileges of the House takes precedence over all other 
questions except the motion to adjourn, the Speaker may, pursuant to his 
power of recognition under clause 2 of rule XVII (former clause 2 of 
rule XIV), entertain unanimous-consent requests for ``one-minute 
speeches'' pending recognition for a question of privilege, since such 
unanimous-consent requests, if granted, temporarily waive the standing 
Rules of the House relating to the order of business (Speaker O'Neill, 
July 10, 1985, p. 18394; Feb. 6, 1989, pp. 1676-82).

  A Member's announcement of intent to offer a resolution as a question 
of privilege may take precedence over a special order reported from the 
Committee on Rules; but, where a special order is pending, such 
announcements are counted against debate on the resolution absent 
unanimous consent to the contrary (Oct. 28, 1997, p. ----).


[[Page 411]]

A motion to reconsider may also be entered but may not be considered (V, 
5673-5676). It has been held that only one question of privilege may be 
pending at a time (III, 2533), but having presented one question of 
privilege, a Member, before discussing it, may submit a second question 
of privilege related to the first and discuss both on one recognition 
(VI, 562). While a resolution raising a question of the privileges of 
the House has precedence over all other questions, it is nevertheless 
subject to disposition by the ordinary motions permitted under clause 4 
of rule XVI, and by the motion to commit under clause 2 of rule XIX 
(former clause 1 of rule XVII) (Speaker Albert, Feb. 19, 1976, p. 3914; 
Apr. 28, 1983, p. 10423; Mar. 22, 1990, p. 4996).

  While a question of privilege is pending, a message of the President 
is received (V, 6640-6642), but is read only by unanimous consent (V, 
6639).




Sec. 711. Precedence of questions of personal 
privilege.

  When  a Member proposes merely to address the House on a question 
of personal privilege, and does not bring up a resolution affecting the 
dignity or integrity of the House for action, the practice as to 
precedence is somewhat different. Thus, a Member rising to a question of 
personal privilege may not interrupt a call of the yeas and nays (V, 
6051, 6052, 6058, 6059; VI, 554, 564), or take from the floor another 
Member who has been recognized for debate (V, 5002; VIII, 2459, 2528; 
Sept. 29, 1983, p. 26508; July 23, 1987, p. 20861), but he may interrupt 
the ordinary legislative business (III, 2531). A Member may address the 
House on a question of personal privilege even after the previous 
question has been ordered on a pending bill (VI, 561; VIII, 2688). Under 
modern practice, a question of personal privilege may not be raised in 
the Committee of the Whole (Sept. 4, 1969, p. 24372; Dec. 13, 1973, p. 
41270), the proper remedy being that a demand that words uttered in the 
Committee of the Whole be taken down pursuant to clause 4 of rule XVII 
(former clause 5 of rule XIV); yet a breach of privilege occurring in 
the Committee of the Whole relates to the dignity of the House and is so 
treated (II, 1657). A question of personal privilege may not be raised 
while a question of the privileges of the House is pending (Apr. 30, 
1985, p. 9808; May 1, 1985, p. 10003).



<>   Whenever 
it is asserted on the floor that the privileges of the House are 
invaded, the Speaker entertains the question (II, 1501), and may then 
refuse recognition if the resolution is not admissible as a question of 
privilege under the rule. A proper question of privilege may be renewed 
(Nov. 17, 1995, p. 33846). Although the early custom was for the Speaker 
to submit to the House the question whether a resolution involved the 
privileges of the House (III, 2718), the modern practice is for the 
Speaker to rule directly on the question (VI, 604; Speaker Wright, Mar. 
11, 1987, p. 5404; Feb. 3, 1995, p. 3571; Feb. 7, 1995, p. 3905), 
subject to appeal where appropriate (Speaker Albert, June 27, 1974, p. 
21596).

[[Page 412]]



Sec. 712. Questions of privilege in relation to 
quorum.

    During a call of the House in the absence of a quorum, only 
such questions of privilege as relate immediately to those proceedings 
may be presented (III, 2545). See also Sec. 1024, infra.


  Under the form of the rule adopted in the 103d Congress, the Speaker 
may in his discretion recognize a Member other than the Majority or 
Minority Leader to proceed immediately on a resolution offered as a 
question of the privileges of the House without first designating a 
subsequent time or place in the legislative schedule within two 
legislative days (Speaker Foley, Feb. 3, 1993, p. 1974); and he is not 
required to announce the time designated to consider a resolution at the 
time the resolution is noticed but may announce his designation at a 
later time (Feb. 11, 1994, p. 2209). The Speaker does not rule on the 
privileged status of a resolution at the time that resolution is 
noticed, but only when the resolution is called up within two 
legislative days (Feb. 11, 1994, p. 2209; Sept. 13, 1994, p. 24389; Feb. 
3, 1995, p. 3571).





[[Page 413]]

 
  Common fame has been held sufficient basis for raising a question 
(III, 2538, 2701); a telegraphic dispatch may also furnish a basis (III, 
2539). A report relating to the contemptuous conduct of a witness before 
a committee gives rise to a question of the privileges of the House and 
may, under this rule, be considered on the same day reported 
notwithstanding the requirement of clause 4(a) of rule XIII (former 
clause 2(l)(6) of rule XI) that reports from committees be available to 
Members for at least three calendar days prior to their consideration 
(Speaker Albert, July 13, 1971, pp. 24720-23). But a Member may not, as 
matter of right, require the reading of a book or paper on suggesting 
that it contains matter infringing on the privileges of the House (V, 
5258). In presenting a question of personal privilege the Member is not 
required in the first instance to offer a motion or resolution, but he 
must take this preliminary step in raising a question of general 
privileges (III, 2546, 2547; VI, 565-569; VII, 3464). A proposition of 
privilege may lose its precedence by association with a matter not of 
privilege (III, 2551; V, 5890; VI, 395). Debate on a question of 
privilege is under the hour rule (V, 4990; VIII, 2448), but the previous 
question may be moved (II, 1256; V, 5459, 5460; VIII, 2672); since the 
103d Congress, however, the rule has provided for divided control of the 
hour in the case of a resolution offered from the floor. Consideration 
of a resolution as a question of the privileges of the House has 
included an hour of debate on a motion to refer under clause 4 of rule 
XVI; a separate hour of debate on the resolution, itself, under clause 2 
of rule XVII (former clause 2 of rule XIV); and a motion to commit (not 
debatable after the ordering of the previous question) under clause 2 of 
rule XIX (former clause 1 of rule XVII) (Mar. 12, 1992, p. 5557). Debate 
on a letter of resignation is controlled by the Member moving the 
acceptance of the resignation (Mar. 8, 1977, pp. 6579-82) if the 
resigning Member does not seek recognition (June 16, 1975, p. 19054). 
Debate on a question of personal privilege must be confined to the 
statements or issues which gave rise to the question of privilege (V, 
5075-77; VI, 576, 608; VIII, 2448, 2481; May 31, 1984, p. 14623).

                                 Rule X


Committees and their legislative jurisdictions
                       organization of committees




Sec. 714. Number and jurisdiction of standing 
committees.

  1.  There shall be in the House the following standing 
committees, each of which shall have the jurisdiction and related 
functions assigned by this clause and clauses 2, 3, and 4. All bills, 
resolutions, and other matters relating to subjects within the 
jurisdiction of the standing committees listed in this clause shall be 
referred to those committees, in accordance with clause 2 of rule XII, 
as follows:


  Under the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812), the 
44 committees of the 79th Congress were consolidated into 19, effective 
January 2, 1947. The total number of standing committees grew over time 
with the creation of the Committee on Science and Astronautics (now 
Science), established on July 21, 1958 (p. 14513); the Committee on 
Standards of Official Conduct, established on April 13, 1967 (p. 9425); 
the Committee on the Budget, established on July 12, 1974, by the 
Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (88 Stat. 297); and the Committee on 
Small Business, established as a standing committee effective January 3, 
1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). The Committee on 
Internal Security was abolished in the 94th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 
14, 1975, p. 20) thereby setting the total number of standing committees 
at 22.


[[Page 414]]

  The 104th Congress reduced the total number to 19 by abolishing the 
Committees on the District of Columbia, Merchant Marine and Fisheries, 
and Post Office and Civil Service (sec. 202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, 
p. 464). Matters formerly in the jurisdiction of the Committees on the 
District of Columbia and Post Office and Civil Service were transferred 
to the Committee on Government Reform (formerly Government Reform and 
Oversight); and matters formerly in the jurisdiction of the Committee on 
Merchant Marine and Fisheries were transferred to the Committees on 
Resources (formerly Natural Resources), Transportation and 
Infrastructure (formerly Public Works and Transportation), Armed 
Services (formerly National Security during the 104th and 105th 
Congresses), and Science (formerly Science, Space, and Technology) (sec. 
202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464).

  A Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence was established in the 
95th Congress (H. Res. 658, July 14, 1977, pp. 22932-49). Before the 
House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, the Select Committee 
was found in former rule XLVIII (current clause 11 of rule X) (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). A permanent Select Committee on Aging was 
added to clause 6 of this rule effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 
93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470) until stricken in the 103d Congress 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1993, p. 49).

  Although earlier forms of the rule specified the number of Members 
comprising each of the standing committees, those specifications were 
eliminated in the 93d Congress, leaving to the House the authority to 
establish the sizes of committees by the numbers elected to each 
standing committee pursuant to clause 5 of rule X. The rules still 
specify part of the composition of the Committee on the Budget (clause 
5(a)(2) of rule X) as well as the overall size and preferred composition 
of the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (clause 11(a) of rule 
X; Jan. 6, 2001, p. ----).

  The Speaker refers public bills in accordance with clause 1 of rule X, 
but when the House itself refers a bill it may send it to any committee 
without regard to the rules of jurisdiction (IV, 4375; V, 5527; VII, 
2131) and jurisdiction is thereby conferred (IV, 4362-4364; VII, 2105). 
Motions for change of reference of public bills and resolutions must be 
authorized by the committee claiming jurisdiction (clause 7 of rule XII; 
VII, 2121; Feb. 13, 1918, p. 2070; Jan. 10, 1941, p. 100), must be made 
immediately following the reading of the Journal (VII, 1809, 2119, 
2120), must apply to a single bill and not to a class of bills (VII, 
2125), must apply to a bill erroneously referred (VII, 2125), may be 
amended (VII, 2127), may not be divided (VII, 2125), and may not be 
debated (VII, 2126, 2128), but are not in order on Calendar Wednesday 
(VII, 2117), and are not privileged if the original reference was not 
erroneous (VII, 2125). The re-referral of most bills is accomplished by 
unanimous consent (see Procedure, ch. 17, sec. 17-38).

  Prior to the 94th Congress, a bill could not be divided among two or 
more committees, even though it might contain matters properly within 
the jurisdiction of several committees (IV, 4372). The Committee Reform 
Amendments of 1974 added former clause 5 of rule X (current clause 2 of 
rule XII), permitting the Speaker to refer any matter to more than one 
committee (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). That 
provision was amended in the 104th Congress to require the Speaker to 
designate a primary committee among those to which a matter is initially 
referred (sec. 205, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 467).


[[Page 415]]

subject, the reference could nevertheless be to the committee having 
jurisdiction of the original bill (IV, 4373, 4374); normally, however 
such amended measures are held at the Speaker's table until disposed of 
by the House. The erroneous reference of a public bill under this rule, 
if it remains uncorrected, gives jurisdiction (IV, 4365-4371; VII, 
2108), but such is not the case with a private bill or petition (IV, 
3364, 4382-4389) unless the reference be made by action of the House 
itself (IV, 4390, 4391; VII 2131). A point of order as to the reference 
of a private bill is good when the bill comes up for consideration, 
either in the House or in the Committee of the Whole (IV, 4382-4389; 
VII, 2116, 2132; VIII, 2262) or at any time prior to passage (VII, 
2116). The reference of a bill to a committee involving the same subject 
matter as a bill previously reported confers jurisdiction anew upon the 
committee to consider and report the bill subsequently introduced (VIII, 
2311).
  A committee having jurisdiction of a subject by means of a petition 
(IV, 3365) properly referred (IV, 4361) can report on the subject 
thereof. It has generally been held that a committee may not report a 
bill whereof the subject matter has not been referred to it by the House 
(IV, 4355-4360, 4372; VII, 1029, 2101, 2102). Where a House bill is 
returned from the Senate with a substitute amendment relating to a new 
and different


  Clause 4 of rule XII prohibits the reception or consideration of 
certain private bills relating to claims, pensions, construction of 
bridges, and the correction of military or naval records. In the 104th 
Congress the House adopted a rule to prohibit introduction or 
consideration of any bill or resolution expressing a commemoration by 
designation of a specified period of time (current clause 5 of rule XII, 
former clause 2 of rule XXII) (sec. 216, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 
468).

  (a) Committee on Agriculture.



Sec. 715. Agriculture.

      (1)  Adulteration of seeds, insect 
pests, and protection of birds and animals in forest reserves.


      (2) Agriculture generally.

      (3) Agricultural and industrial chemistry.

      (4) Agricultural colleges and experiment stations.

      (5) Agricultural economics and research.

      (6) Agricultural education extension services.

      (7) Agricultural production and marketing and stabilization of 
prices of agricultural products, and commodities (not including 
distribution outside of the United States).

      (8) Animal industry and diseases of animals.

      (9) Commodity exchanges.


[[Page 416]]

      (10) Crop insurance and soil conservation.

      (11) Dairy industry.

      (12) Entomology and plant quarantine.

      (13) Extension of farm credit and farm security.

      (14) Inspection of livestock, poultry, meat products, and seafood 
and seafood products.

      (15) Forestry in general and forest reserves other than those 
created from the public domain.

      (16) Human nutrition and home economics.

      (17) Plant industry, soils, and agricultural engineering.

      (18) Rural electrification.

      (19) Rural development.


      (20) Water conservation related to activities of the Department of 
Agriculture.

  This Committee was established in 1820 (IV, 4149). In 1880 the subject 
of forestry was added to its jurisdiction, and the Committee was 
conferred authority to receive estimates of and to report appropriations 
(IV, 4149). However, on July 1, 1920, authority to report appropriations 
for the Department of Agriculture was transferred to the Committee on 
Appropriations (VII, 1860).

  The basic form of the present jurisdictional statement was made 
effective January 2, 1947, as a part of the Legislative Reorganization 
Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812). Subparagraph (7) was altered by the 93d 
Congress, effective January 3, 1975, to include jurisdiction over 
agricultural commodities (including the Commodity Credit Corporation) 
while transferring jurisdiction over foreign distribution and 
nondomestic production of commodities to the Committee on International 
Relations (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). 
Nevertheless, the Committee has retained a limited jurisdiction over 
measures to release CCC stocks for such foreign distribution (Sept. 14, 
1989, p. 20428). Previously unstated jurisdictions over commodities 
exchanges and rural development were codified effective January 3, 1975.


[[Page 417]]

and stylistic changes were effected when the House recodified its rules 
in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).
  The 104th Congress consolidated the Committee's jurisdiction over 
inspection of livestock and meat products to include inspection of 
poultry, seafood, and seafood products, and added subparagraph (20) 
relating to water conservation (sec. 202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 
464). Clerical

  The Committee has had jurisdiction of bills for establishing and 
regulating the Department of Agriculture (IV, 4150), for inspection of 
livestock and meat products, regulation of animal industry, diseases of 
animals (IV, 4154; VII, 1862), adulteration of seeds, insect pests, 
protection of birds and animals in forest reserves (IV, 4157; VII, 
1870), the improvement of the breed of horses, even with the cavalry 
service in view (IV, 4158; VII, 1865).

  The Committee, having charge of the general subject of forestry, has 
reported bills relating to timber, and forest reserves other than those 
created from the public domain (IV, 4160). It has also exercised 
jurisdiction of bills: relating to agricultural colleges and experiment 
stations (IV, 4152), incorporation of agricultural societies (IV, 4159), 
and establishment of a highway commission (IV, 4153); to discourage 
fictitious and gambling transactions in farm products (IV, 4161; VII, 
1861); to regulate the transportation, sale, and handling of dogs and 
cats intended for use in research and the licensing of animal research 
facilities (July 29, 1965, p. 18691); and to designate an agricultural 
research center (May 14, 1996, p. 11070). The Committee shares with the 
Committee on the Judiciary jurisdiction over a bill comprehensively 
amending the Immigration and Nationality Act and including food stamp 
eligibility requirements for aliens (Sept. 19, 1995, p. 25533).

  The House referred the President's message dealing with the 
refinancing of farm-mortgage indebtedness to the Committee, thus 
conferring jurisdiction (Apr. 4, 1933, p. 1209).


  The Committee has jurisdiction over a bill relating solely to 
executive level positions in the Department of Agriculture (Mar. 2, 
1976, p. 4958) and has jurisdiction over bills to develop land and water 
conservation programs on private and non-Federal lands (June 7, 1976, p. 
16768).

  (b) Committee on Appropriations.



Sec. 716. Appropriations.

      (1)    Appropriation of the 
revenue for the support of the Government.


      (2) Rescissions of appropriations contained in appropriation Acts.

      (3) Transfers of unexpended balances.



[[Page 418]]


      (4) Bills and joint resolutions reported by other committees that 
provide new entitlement authority as defined in section 3(9) of the 
Congressional Budget Act of 1974 and referred to the committee under 
clause 4(a)(2).

  This Committee was established in 1865, when all the general 
appropriation bills were confided to its care. In 1885 a portion of the 
bills were distributed to other committees. On July 1, 1920, the 
Committee again was given jurisdiction over all appropriations by an 
amendment to the rules adopted June 1, 1920 (VII, 1741).



Sec. 717. Responsibilities under Budget Act.

  Effective  July 
12, 1974, special Presidential messages on rescissions and deferrals of 
budget authority submitted pursuant to sections 1012 and 1013 of the 
Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 683, 684), as well as 
rescission bills and impoundment resolutions defined in section 1011 (2 
U.S.C. 682) and required in section 1017 (2 U.S.C. 688) to be referred 
to the appropriate committee, are referred to the Committee on 
Appropriations if the proposed rescissions or deferrals involve funds 
already appropriated or obligated. Also effective July 12, 1974, the 
Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (sec. 404(a)) added to the Committee's 
jurisdiction, and later perfected by the Committee Reform Amendments of 
1974 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470), subparagraphs 
(2), (3), and (4).


  In the 95th Congress this paragraph was amended to correct a 
typographical error (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, p. 53). Subparagraph (4) 
was amended in the 105th and 106th Congresses to conform to changes made 
by the Budget Enforcement Act of 1997 (sec. 10116, P.L. 105-33; H. Res. 
5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). When the House recodified its rules in the 
106th Congress, it transferred an undesignated portion of this paragraph 
to clause 3(f)(2) of rule XIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  While this Committee has authority to report appropriations, the power 
to report legislation relating thereto belongs to other committees (IV, 
4033; clause 2 of rule XXI), and a general appropriation bill reported 
from this Committee may not contain items of appropriation not 
authorized by law or provisions amending existing law (except 
retrenchments and rescissions of appropriations) (clause 2 of rule XXI), 
and may not contain reappropriations of unexpended balances except 
within agencies (clause 2 of rule XXI). General appropriation bills may 
not be considered in the House until hearings thereon have been 
available for three days (clause 4 of rule XIII).


[[Page 419]]

to the House recommendations for terminating or modifying such 
provisions (clause 4(a)(3) of rule X). The requirement of section 139 of 
the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812) that the 
Committees on Appropriations of the House and Senate develop a standard 
appropriation classification schedule was superseded by section 202(a) 
of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1167), which now 
imposes that responsibility upon the Secretary of the Treasury and the 
Office of Management and Budget. The further requirement of section 139 
of the 1946 Act that the Appropriations Committees study existing 
permanent appropriations and recommend which, if any, should be 
discontinued was made the responsibility of all standing committees of 
the House by clauses 4(e) of rule X, through enactment of section 253 of 
the 1970 Act (84 Stat. 1175).

  The authority to conduct studies and examinations of the organization 
and operation of executive departments and agencies was first given to 
this Committee on February 11, 1943 (p. 884); continued by resolution of 
January 9, 1945 (p. 135); and incorporated into permanent law in section 
202(b) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812). 
This authority was first made part of the standing rules on January 3, 
1953 (pp. 17, 24), and is now listed as a special oversight 
responsibility of the Committee in clause 3 of rule X, effective January 
3, 1975 (former clause 2(b)(3) of rule X) (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 
8, 1974, p. 34470). The Committee is also authorized and directed to 
hold hearings on the budget as a whole in open session within 30 days of 
its submission (clause 4(a)(1)(A) of rule X), and to study on a 
continuing basis provisions of law providing spending authority or 
permanent budget authority and to report

  (c) Committee on Armed Services.



Sec. 718. Armed Services.

      (1)  Ammunition depots; forts; 
arsenals; and Army, Navy, and Air Force reservations and establishments.


      (2) Common defense generally.

      (3) Conservation, development, and use of naval petroleum and oil 
shale reserves.

      (4) The Department of Defense generally, including the Departments 
of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, generally.

      (5) Interoceanic canals generally, including measures relating to 
the maintenance, operation, and administration of interoceanic canals.

      (6) Merchant Marine Academy and State Maritime Academies.

      (7) Military applications of nuclear energy.

      (8) Tactical intelligence and intelligence-related activities of 
the Department of Defense.


[[Page 420]]

and merchant marine officers and seamen as these matters relate to the 
national security.
      (9) National security aspects of merchant marine, including 
financial assistance for the construction and operation of vessels, 
maintenance of the U.S. shipbuilding and ship repair industrial base, 
cabotage, cargo preference,

      (10) Pay, promotion, retirement, and other benefits and privileges 
of members of the armed forces.

      (11) Scientific research and development in support of the armed 
services.

      (12) Selective service.

      (13) Size and composition of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air 
Force.

      (14) Soldiers' and sailors' homes.


      (15) Strategic and critical materials necessary for the common 
defense.

  This Committee was established January 2, 1947, as a part of the 
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812), combining the 
Committee on Military Affairs with the Committee on Naval Affairs, both 
of which had been created in 1822 (IV, 4179, 4189) and had had 
jurisdiction over appropriations from 1885 to 1920 (IV, 4179, 4189; VII, 
1741). The Committee was redesignated the Committee on National Security 
in the 104th Congress (sec. 202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464) and 
was redesignated again the Committee on Armed Services in the 106th 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Clerical and stylistic 
changes were effected when the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, including the deletion of a redundant undesignated recitation 
of a special oversight function (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  Much of the present legislative jurisdiction in this paragraph was 
adopted on January 3, 1953 (p. 17), to reflect jurisdiction over the 
Department of Defense, which was created in the National Security Act of 
1947 (61 Stat. 495). In the 95th Congress, when the Joint Committee on 
Atomic Energy was abolished, this Committee gained jurisdiction over 
military applications of nuclear energy (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, p. 
53). The special oversight function of the Committee in clause 3(g) 
(former clause 3(a)) were assigned by the Committee Reform Amendments of 
1974, effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, 
p. 34470). The 104th Congress added subparagraph (8) for clarification 
and subparagraphs (5), (6), and (9) to reflect the transfer of those 
matters from the former Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries (sec. 
202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464), and later amended subparagraph 
(8) to effect a technical correction (H. Res. 254, Nov. 30, 1995, p. 
35077).


[[Page 421]]

title 10 of the United States Code to permit suits against the United 
States for damage to reputation of members of Armed Forces acquitted of 
charges of crimes against civilians in combat zones (July 15, 1970, p. 
24451); for construction of facilities at Walter Reed Medical Center 
(Oct. 3, 1966, p. 24859); to require military commissary, post exchange, 
and medical care privileges for veterans with sufficient service-
connected disabilities (Feb. 3, 1976, p. 1972); of a private character 
to waive the statutory time limit on the award of the Congressional 
Medal of Honor on individuals (Feb. 22, 1982, p. 1812); including 
authorization of appropriations to the Department of Energy for resource 
applications for naval petroleum and oil shale reserves (May 1, 1978, p. 
11946); and effecting the transfer of military property to a State to be 
designated by the State as a wilderness area (Nov. 15, 1995, p. 32627).
  The Committee has jurisdiction over bills: relating to military 
housing construction (Feb. 21, 1962, p. 2684; Apr. 18, 1967, p. 9981); 
amending


  The Committee exercised jurisdiction with the Committee on Interior 
and Insular Affairs (now Resources) over a resolution expressing the 
sense of Congress regarding continued operation of the Hanford Nuclear 
Reactor to produce power for the Bonneville Power Administration (July 
17, 1986, p. 16888).

  (d) Committee on the Budget.



Sec. 719. 
Budget.

      (1) Concurrent resolutions on the  budget (as defined in section 3(4) of the Congressional Budget 
Act of 1974), other matters required to be referred to the committee 
under titles III and IV of that Act, and other measures setting forth 
appropriate levels of budget totals for the United States Government.


      (2) Budget process generally.


      (3) Establishment, extension, and enforcement of special controls 
over the Federal budget, including the budgetary treatment of off-budget 
Federal agencies and measures providing exemption from reduction under 
any order issued under part C of the Balanced Budget and Emergency 
Deficit Control Act of 1985.


[[Page 422]]

299). The separate subpoena authority conferred upon the Committee by 
section 101(b) of that Act has been superseded by the general grant of 
subpoena authority to all committees in clause 2(m) of rule XI (H. Res. 
988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). The Committee is also charged 
with the special oversight functions as described in clause 3(b) and 
clause 4(b) of rule X.
  This Committee was established in the 93d Congress, effective July 12, 
1974, by section 101 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (88 Stat.

  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
paragraph consisted of the committee's legislative jurisdiction (current 
paragraph (d)), its oversight jurisdiction (current clause 4 of rule X), 
and its composition (current clause 5(a)(2) of rule X (H. Res. 5, Jan. 
6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 423]]

mittee on Rules to clarify each Committee's jurisdiction over the 
congressional budget process (Jan. 4, 1995, p. 617). In the 105th 
Congress the jurisdictional statement in subparagraph (3), previously 
confined to the congressional budget process, was broadened to encompass 
also the executive budget process formerly included in the jurisdiction 
of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight (now Government 
Reform) (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). Clerical and stylistic 
changes were effected when the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). This Committee, and not the 
Committee on Ways and Means, has jurisdiction over a bill establishing a 
rule of sequestration under the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit 
Control Act (Dec. 15, 2000, p. ----). This Committee has primary 
jurisdiction, and the Committee on Ways and Means has additional 
jurisdiction, over a bill taking Social Security trust funds off budget 
(Dec. 15, 2000, p. ----). This Committee has primary jurisdiction, and 
the Committee on Rules has additional jurisdiction, over a bill amending 
the Budget Act to establish new legislative points of order and 
directing that the President include a specified matter with his budget 
(Feb. 14, 2001, p. ----).

  In the 99th Congress this paragraph was again amended by section 
232(h) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, 
to confer jurisdiction over Senate joint or concurrent resolutions 
constituting congressional responses to a Presidential sequestration 
order issued pursuant to a report of the Comptroller General under 
section 252(b) of that Act (P.L. 99-177). It was again amended by the 
Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 to conform subparagraph (2) to changes in 
the congressional budget laws (tit. XIII, P.L. 101-508). The 104th 
Congress amended the paragraph to expand the limited legislative 
jurisdiction of the Committee by: (1) adding other measures setting 
forth appropriate levels of budget totals to subparagraph (2); (2) 
granting the Committee jurisdiction over the congressional budget 
process generally in a new subparagraph (3); and (3) granting the 
Committee jurisdiction over special controls over the Federal budget in 
a new subparagraph (4), including receiving from the former Committee on 
Government Operations (now Government Reform) jurisdiction over 
budgetary treatment of off-budget Federal agencies and measures 
providing exemption from sequestration orders issued under the Balanced 
Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act (sec. 202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 
4, 1995, p. 464). Three re-referrals from the Committee on Government 
Reform to the Committee on the Budget marked this migration of off-
budget treatment jurisdiction: (1) the Committee on the Budget has 
primary jurisdiction over a bill excluding from the budget the Civil 
Service Retirement and Disability Fund (although the Committee on 
Government Reform retains programmatic jurisdiction over that Fund); (2) 
the Committee on the Budget has primary jurisdiction over a bill 
excluding from the budget the Highway Trust Fund, the Airport and Airway 
Trust Fund, the Inland Waterways Trust Fund, and the Harbor Maintenance 
Trust Fund (although the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure 
retains programmatic jurisdiction); and (3) the Committee on the Budget 
has secondary jurisdiction over a bill amending title 49 of the United 
States Code and providing off-budget treatment for the Highway Trust 
Fund, the Airport and Airway Trust Fund, the Inland Waterways Trust 
Fund, and the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund (Dec. 6, 1995, p. 35572). 
The chairman of the Committee on the Budget inserted in the 
Congressional Record a Memorandum of Understanding between this 
Committee and the Com

  (e) Committee on Education and the Workforce.

      (1) Child labor.



Sec. 720. Education and the Workforce.

        (2) Gallaudet 
University and Howard University and Hospital.


      (3) Convict labor and the entry of goods made by convicts into 
interstate commerce.

      (4) Food programs for children in schools.

      (5) Labor standards and statistics.

      (6) Education or labor generally.

      (7) Mediation and arbitration of labor disputes.

      (8) Regulation or prevention of importation of foreign laborers 
under contract.

      (9) Workers' compensation.

      (10) Vocational rehabilitation.

      (11) Wages and hours of labor.

      (12) Welfare of miners.



[[Page 424]]


      (13) Work incentive programs.

  This Committee was established as the Committee on Education and Labor 
on January 2, 1947, as part of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 
1946 (60 Stat. 812), combining the Committee on Education (created in 
1867) (IV, 4242) and the Committee on Labor (created in 1883) (IV, 
4244). When it was redesignated as the Committee on Economic and 
Educational Opportunities in the 104th Congress, the jurisdictional 
statement remained unchanged except by the combination of labor 
standards and labor statistics in a single subparagraph (5) (sec. 
202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464). In the 105th Congress the 
Committee was redesignated again the Committee on Education and the 
Workforce (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----).

  By the Committee Reform Amendments of 1974, effective January 3, 1975, 
the Committee gained jurisdiction over food programs for children in 
schools, an expansion of earlier jurisdiction over school-lunch programs 
(subpara. (4)), work incentive programs (subpara. (13)), and Indian 
education, a matter formerly within the specific jurisdiction of the 
Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (now Resources); jurisdiction 
of the Committee over international education matters was specifically 
transferred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs (now International 
Relations); and its special oversight function was inserted in clause 
3(c) of rule X (current clause 3(d) of rule X) (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., 
Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). Clerical and stylistic changes were effected 
when the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, including the 
deletion of obsolete references to the Columbia Institution for the 
Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, Freedmen's Hospital, and the United States 
Employees' Compensation Commission and the deletion of a redundant 
undesignated recitation of general and special oversight functions (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 425]]

include those subjects as they relate to veterans, which fall under the 
jurisdiction of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs.

  The Committee has jurisdiction over bills dealing with juvenile 
delinquency (Jan. 22, 1959, p. 1027), runaway youth (July 12, 1973, p. 
23633; Sept. 10, 1973, p. 28970), human services programs administered 
by HEW (June 21, 1972, p. 21733), education of Indians (Apr. 15, 1975, 
p. 10247; June 10, 1991, p. 14049), including the Native American 
Programs Act (Oct. 30, 1997, p. ----), and compensation for work 
injuries to Federal employees (Apr. 16, 1975, p. 10339); over bills 
amending the Community Services Block Grant Act to continue antipoverty 
programs originally authorized by the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 
(Nov. 4, 1993, p. 27359); and over an executive communication proposing 
draft legislation to amend the Labor Management Relations Act and the 
Employee Retirement Income Security Act (Mar. 24, 1983, p. 7402). The 
Committee shares with the Committee on the Judiciary original 
jurisdiction over a bill comprehensively amending the Immigration and 
Nationality Act and including provisions addressing the enforcement of 
labor laws (Sept. 19, 1995, p. 25533). The Committee has additional 
jurisdiction (Commerce, now Energy and Commerce, has primary 
jurisdiction) over a developmental disabilities assistance and family 
support bill (Feb. 10, 2000, p. ----). The jurisdiction of this 
Committee over education and vocational rehabilitation does not

  (f) Committee on Energy and Commerce.

      (1) Biomedical research and development.



Sec. 721. Energy and Commerce.

        (2) Consumer affairs and 
consumer protection.


      (3) Health and health facilities (except health care supported by 
payroll deductions).

      (4) Interstate energy compacts.

      (5) Interstate and foreign commerce generally.

      (6) Exploration, production, storage, supply, marketing, pricing, 
and regulation of energy resources, including all fossil fuels, solar 
energy, and other unconventional or renewable energy resources.

      (7) Conservation of energy resources.

      (8) Energy information generally.

      (9) The generation and marketing of power (except by federally 
chartered or Federal regional power marketing authorities); reliability 
and interstate transmission of, and ratemaking for, all power; and 
siting of generation facilities (except the installation of 
interconnections between Government waterpower projects).

      (10) General management of the Department of Energy and management 
and all functions of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.

      (11) National energy policy generally.


[[Page 426]]

      (12) Public health and quarantine.

      (13) Regulation of the domestic nuclear energy industry, including 
regulation of research and development reactors and nuclear regulatory 
research.

      (14) Regulation of interstate and foreign communications.


The committee shall have the same jurisdiction with respect to 
regulation of nuclear facilities and of use of nuclear energy as it has 
with respect to regulation of nonnuclear facilities and of use of 
nonnuclear energy.

      (15) Travel and tourism.

  The Committee dates from 1795 (IV, 4096). Effective January 3, 1975 
(H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470), the name of the 
Committee was changed from Interstate and Foreign Commerce to Commerce 
and Health. Effective January 14, 1975, it was redesignated as 
Interstate and Foreign Commerce (H. Res. 5, 94th Cong., p. 20). In the 
96th Congress it was redesignated again as Energy and Commerce and given 
much of its present jurisdiction, effective January 3, 1981 (H. Res. 
549, Mar. 25, 1980, pp. 6405-10; note publication of intercommittee 
memoranda of understanding). In the 104th Congress it was redesignated 
again as the Committee on Commerce (sec. 202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 
1995, p. 464). In the 107th Congress it was redesignated again as the 
Committee on Energy and Commerce and its jurisdiction over securities 
and exchanges was transferred to the Committee on Financial Services 
(sec. 2(d), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).


[[Page 427]]

p. 14513). In the Committee Reform Amendments of 1974, effective January 
3, 1975, the Committee obtained specific jurisdiction over consumer 
affairs and consumer protection (subpara. (2)), travel and tourism 
(subpara. (16)), health and health facilities, except health care 
supported by payroll deductions (subpara. (3)) (a matter formerly within 
the jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means), and biomedical 
research and development (subpara. (1)), and was released of 
jurisdiction over civil aeronautics to the Committee on Public Works and 
Transportation (now Transportation and Infrastructure), jurisdiction 
over civil aviation research and development, energy and environmental 
research and development, and the National Weather Service to the 
Committee on Science and Technology (now Science), and jurisdiction over 
trading with the enemy to the Committee on Foreign Affairs (now 
International Relations) (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 
34470). In the 95th Congress, when the legislative jurisdiction of the 
Joint Committee on Atomic Energy in the House was transferred to various 
standing committees, this Committee was given the same jurisdiction over 
nuclear energy as it had over nonnuclear energy and facilities (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70). In the 96th Congress the Committee obtained 
specific jurisdiction over national energy policy generally (subpara. 
(11)), measures relating to exploration, production, storage, supply, 
marketing, pricing, and regulation of energy resources (subpara. (6)), 
measures relating to conservation of energy resources (subpara. (7)), 
measures relating to energy information generally (subpara. (8)), 
measures relating to the generation, marketing, interstate transmission 
of, and ratemaking for power as well as the siting of generation 
facilities, with certain exceptions (subpara. (9)), interstate energy 
compacts (subpara. (4)), and measures relating to general management of 
the Department of Energy and all functions of the Federal Energy 
Regulatory Commission (subpara. (10)) (H. Res. 549, Mar. 25, 1980, pp. 
6405-10). In the 104th Congress the Committee's jurisdiction over inland 
waterways and railroads (including railroad labor, retirement, and 
unemployment) was transferred to the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure, and jurisdiction over measures relating to the 
commercial application of energy technology was transferred to the 
Committee on Science, while the Committee on Energy and Commerce 
obtained exclusive jurisdiction over regulation of the domestic nuclear 
energy industry (subpara. (13)) from the former Committee on Natural 
Resources (now Resources) (sec. 202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 
464). Clerical and stylistic changes were effected when the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 
----). In the 107th Congress the Committee's jurisdiction over 
securities and exchanges was transferred to the Committee on Financial 
Services (sec. 2(d), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). The Speaker 
inserted in the Congressional Record a Memorandum of Understanding 
between this Committee and the Committee on Financial Services to 
clarify the nature of this transfer (Jan. 20, 2000, p. ----).

[[Page 428]]

  In the 74th Congress the jurisdictional statement of the Committee was 
amended to include jurisdiction over bills relating to radio; to deprive 
the Committee jurisdiction over bills relating to water transportation, 
Coast Guard, lifesaving service, lighthouses, lightships, ocean 
derelicts, Coast and Geodetic Survey, and the Panama Canal; and to vest 
jurisdiction over those subjects in the former Committee on Merchant 
Marine and Fisheries (VII, 1814, 1847), but with the demise of the 
latter Committee in the 104th Congress, the latter subjects now reside 
in the jurisdiction of the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure, except that the Committee on National Security (now 
Armed Services) has jurisdiction over the Panama Canal (sec. 202(a), H. 
Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464). In the 85th Congress matters relating to 
the Bureau of Standards, standardization of weights and measures, and 
the metric system (conferred on the Committee by the Legislative 
Reorganization Act of 1946, 60 Stat. 812), were transferred to the 
Committee on Science and Astronautics (now Science) (July 21, 1958,

  The Committee has the special oversight responsibility under clause 
3(c) of rule X as well as the general oversight responsibility required 
by clause 2 of rule X. This special oversight responsibility was 
expanded in the 96th Congress to include all energy, effective January 
3, 1981 (H. Res. 549, Mar. 25, 1980, pp. 6405-10). In the 104th Congress 
it was again expanded to include nonmilitary nuclear energy and research 
and development including the disposal of nuclear waste (sec. 202(a), H. 
Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464), though a conforming change in clause 3(c) 
was inadvertently omitted.

  The Committee formerly reported the river and harbor appropriation 
bill, but in 1883 the Committee on Rivers and Harbors was created for 
that role (IV, 4096), and since the 66th Congress such appropriations 
have been reported by the Committee on Appropriations.

  The Committee has general jurisdiction of bills affecting domestic and 
foreign commerce, except such as may affect the revenue (IV, 4097). It 
also has jurisdiction of bills authorizing the construction of marine 
hospitals and the acquisition of sites therefor (IV, 4110; VII, 1816), 
the general subjects of quarantine and the establishment of quarantine 
stations (IV, 4109), health, spread of leprosy and other contagious 
diseases, international congress of hygiene, etc. (IV, 4111), bills 
declaring as to whether or not streams are navigable and for preventing 
or regulating hindrances to navigation (IV, 4101; VII, 1810; Mar. 9, 
1999, p. ----), such as bridges (IV, 4099; VII, 1812) and dams, except 
such bridges and dams as are a part of river improvements (IV, 4100; 
VII, 1810). This Committee formerly had jurisdiction of bills proposing 
construction of bridges across navigable streams which are now banned 
under clause 4 of rule XII (see Sec. 822, infra; see also General Bridge 
Act, 33 U.S.C. 525, 533).


[[Page 429]]

training (June 1, 1981, p. 11028; Nov. 3, 1993, p. 27274). This 
Committee and, in addition, the Committee on Education and the Workforce 
have jurisdiction over the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and 
Bill of Rights Act of 1999 (which replaced the above-mentioned Act) as 
it contained a family support program within the jurisdiction of the 
Committee on the Education and the Workforce (Feb. 10, 2000, p. ----). 
In the 94th Congress, the Committee gained jurisdiction over bills 
amending the Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act and bills dealing 
with nursing home construction as public health matters (June 10, 1975, 
p. 18009).

  Before the 104th Congress the Committee considered bills regulating 
railroads in their interstate commerce relations (IV, 414) and exercised 
jurisdiction with the Committees on Education and Labor (now Education 
and the Workforce) and Public Works and Transportation (now 
Transportation and Infrastructure) over bills providing labor 
protections to workers in the transportation industry, including 
railroad employees (Feb. 24, 1993, p. 3577). The Committee considers 
bills relating to commercial travelers as agents of interstate commerce 
and the branding of articles going into such commerce (IV, 4115), the 
prevention of the carriage of indecent and harmful pictures or 
literature (IV, 4116), the adulteration and misbranding of foods and 
drugs (IV, 4112), and protection of game through prohibition of 
interstate transportation (IV, 4117). The Committee has jurisdiction 
over bills imposing safety standards on motor vehicles purchased by the 
U.S. Government (Feb. 16, 1959, p. 2420), bills creating civil remedies 
for false advertising or other violations of commercial ethics (June 4, 
1962, p. 9601), and bills to assist financing of the Arctic Winter Games 
in Alaska (June 7, 1972, p. 19935). The Committee had jurisdiction over 
a bill to reauthorize the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill 
of Rights Act (ultimately repealed), which was focused on health matters 
rather than job

  (g) Committee on Financial Services.

      (1) Banks and banking, including deposit insurance and Federal 
monetary policy.



Sec. 722. Financial Services.

        (2) Economic 
stabilization, defense production, renegotiation, and control of the 
price of commodities, rents, and services.


      (3) Financial aid to commerce and industry (other than 
transportation).

      (4) Insurance generally.

      (5) International finance.

      (6) International financial and monetary organization.

      (7) Money and credit, including currency and the issuance of notes 
and redemption thereof; gold and silver, including the coinage thereof; 
valuation and revaluation of the dollar.

      (8) Public and private housing.

      (9) Securities and exchanges.


      (10) Urban development.


[[Page 430]]

4, 1995, p. 464). In the 107th Congress its name was changed to 
Financial Services in conjunction with its receipt of jurisdiction over 
securities and exchanges (formerly within the jurisdiction of the 
Committee on Energy and Commerce) (sec. 2(d), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, 
p. ----).
  This Committee was established in 1865 as the Committee on Banking and 
Currency (IV, 4082). In the Committee Reform Amendments of 1974, 
effective January 3, 1975, its name was changed to Banking, Currency and 
Housing (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). In the 95th 
Congress its name was changed to Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70). In the 104th Congress its name was 
changed to Banking and Financial Services (sec. 202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan.


[[Page 431]]

also received jurisdiction over insurance generally (sec. 2(d), H. Res. 
5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). The Speaker inserted in the Congressional 
Record a Memorandum of Understanding between this Committee and the 
Committee on Energy and Commerce to clarify these jurisdictional changes 
(Jan. 20, 2000, p. ----).
  The Committee was given much of its present jurisdiction in the 
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812), by which it 
absorbed the jurisdiction of the former Committee on Coinage, Weights, 
and Measures (created in 1864) (IV, 4090), except jurisdiction over 
matters relating to the standardization of weights and measures and the 
metric system was given to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign 
Commerce and was later transferred to the Committee on Science and 
Astronautics (now Science) in the 85th Congress (H. Res. 580, July 21, 
1958, p. 14513). In the 92d Congress jurisdiction over the impact on the 
economy of tax-exempt foundations and charitable trusts was transferred 
from the Subcommittee on Foundations of the Select Committee on Small 
Business, along with all that subcommittee's files, to this Committee 
(H. Res. 320, Apr. 27, 1971, p. 12081). Prior to the end of the 93d 
Congress, the Committee had legislative jurisdiction over the problems 
of small business under its general jurisdiction over financial aid to 
commerce and industry; but with the adoption of the Committee Reform 
Amendments of 1974, effective January 3, 1975, that jurisdiction was 
transferred to the standing Committee on Small Business, the permanent 
Select Committee on Small Business was abolished, and this Committee was 
specifically given jurisdiction over Federal monetary policy, money and 
credit, urban development, economic stabilization, defense production, 
and renegotiation (the latter matter formerly within the jurisdiction of 
the Committee on Ways and Means), international finance, and 
international financial and monetary organizations (formerly within the 
jurisdiction of the Committee on International Relations), while 
jurisdiction over the Commodity Credit Corporation was transferred to 
the Committee on Agriculture, jurisdiction over export controls and 
international economic policy to the Committee on International 
Relations, jurisdiction over construction of nursing home facilities to 
what is now the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and jurisdiction over 
urban mass transportation to what is now the Committee on Transportation 
and Infrastructure (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). In 
the 104th Congress subparagraphs (2) and (3) were added (sec. 202(a), H. 
Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464). Clerical and stylistic changes were 
effected when the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). In the 107th Congress jurisdiction over 
securities and exchanges was transferred from the Committee on Energy 
and Commerce to the Committee on Financial Services (sec. 2(d), H. Res. 
5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). As a result of the new jurisdiction of the 
Committee on Financial Services over securities and exchanges, its 
former jurisdiction over matters relating to bank capital markets 
activities and depository institutions securities activities were 
deleted as redundant (sec. 2(d), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). In 
the 107th Congress the Committee on Financial Services


  The Committee has reported on subjects relating to the strengthening 
of public credit, issues of notes, and State taxation and redemption 
thereof (IV, 4084), propositions to maintain the parity of the money of 
the United States (IV, 4089; VII, 1792), the issue of silver 
certificates as currency (IV, 4087, 4088), national banks and current 
deposits of public money (IV, 4083; VII, 1790), the incorporation of an 
international bank (IV, 4086), subjects relating to the Freedman's Bank 
(IV, 4085), and Federal Reserve System, farm loan act, home loan bills, 
stabilization of the dollar, War Finance Corporation, Federal Reserve 
bank buildings (VII, 1793, 1795). The Committee has jurisdiction of 
bills providing consolidation of grant-in-aid programs for urban 
development (Mar. 18, 1970, p. 7887), bills providing for U.S. 
participation in the International Development Association (Mar. 9, 
1960, p. 5046), bills to authorize GSA to acquire land in D.C. for 
transfer to the International Monetary Fund (May 1, 1962, p. 7428), 
bills relating to flood insurance (Dec. 4, 1975, p. 38701), and over an 
executive communication proposing regulations for college housing 
programs (notwithstanding that the requirement for such regulations was 
contained in higher education legislation reported from the Committee on 
Education and Labor) (June 15, 1982, p. 13638).

  (h) Committee on Government Reform.



Sec. 723. Government Reform.

      (1)  Federal civil service, 
including intergovernmental personnel; and the status of officers and 
employees of the United States, including their compensation, 
classification, and retirement.


      (2) Municipal affairs of the District of Columbia in general 
(other than appropriations).

      (3) Federal paperwork reduction.

      (4) Government management and accounting measures generally.

      (5) Holidays and celebrations.


[[Page 432]]

      (6) Overall economy, efficiency, and management of government 
operations and activities, including Federal procurement.

      (7) National archives.

      (8) Population and demography generally, including the Census.

      (9) Postal service generally, including transportation of the 
mails.

      (10) Public information and records.

      (11) Relationship of the Federal Government to the States and 
municipalities generally.


      (12) Reorganizations in the executive branch of the Government.

  In the 82d Congress the name of this Committee was changed from 
Expenditures in the Executive Departments to Government Operations (July 
3, 1952, p. 9217). In the 104th Congress it was changed to Government 
Reform and Oversight (sec. 202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464), and 
in the 106th Congress it was changed to Government Reform (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). The former Committee on Expenditures in the 
Executive Departments was established December 5, 1927 (VII, 2041), and 
took the place of 11 separate committees on expenditures in the several 
executive departments. The first of these committees was established in 
1816, and others were added as new departments were created (IV, 4315). 
They reported bills relating to the efficiency and integrity of the 
public service (IV, 4320), and creation and abolition of offices (IV, 
4318).


[[Page 433]]

diction: (1) the Committee on the Budget has primary jurisdiction over a 
bill excluding from the budget the Civil Service Retirement and 
Disability Fund (although the Committee on Government Reform and 
Oversight (now Government Reform) retains programmatic jurisdiction over 
that Fund); (2) the Committee on the Budget has primary jurisdiction 
over a bill excluding from the budget the Highway Trust Fund, the 
Airport and Airway Trust Fund, the Inland Waterways Trust Fund, and the 
Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund (although the Committee on Transportation 
and Infrastructure retains programmatic jurisdiction); and (3) the 
Committee on the Budget has secondary jurisdiction over a bill amending 
title 49 of the United States Code and providing off-budget treatment 
for the Highway Trust Fund, the Airport and Airway Trust Fund, the 
Inland Waterways Trust Fund, and the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund (Dec. 
6, 1995, p. 35572). The Committee was also released from jurisdiction 
over measures relating to exemptions from executive orders sequestering 
budget authority, which had been added by the Budget Enforcement Act of 
1990 (tit. XIII, P.L. 101-508). In the 105th Congress any residual 
jurisdiction over budget process was transferred to the Committee on the 
Budget (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). The 104th Congress assigned 
the Committee its responsibilities to coordinate committee oversight 
plans under clause 2(d) (sec. 203(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 467). 
In the 104th Congress the Committee was also given the responsibility to 
consider and report recommendations concerning alternatives to 
commemorative legislation, although no such report was made to the House 
(sec. 216(b), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 468). Clerical and stylistic 
changes were effected when the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, including the deletion of a redundant undesignated recitation 
of general and special oversight functions (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 
----).
  In addition to the jurisdiction vested in the Committee by the 
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812), the Committee 
Reform Amendments of 1974, effective January 3, 1975, assigned the 
Committee jurisdiction over measures relating to the overall economy and 
efficiency of Government operations and activities, including Federal 
procurement, intergovernmental relationships, and general revenue 
sharing (the latter from the Committee on Ways and Means), and the 
National Archives (from the former Committee on Post Office and Civil 
Service) (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). In the 104th 
Congress (sec. 202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464), the Committee 
assumed the jurisdictions of the former Committee on the District of 
Columbia (subparas. (2)) and the former Committee on Post Office and 
Civil Service except that relating to the Franking Commission (subparas. 
(1), (5), (8), and (9)); and subparagraphs (3) and (10) were added to 
clarify existing jurisdiction. At the same time the Committee's 
jurisdiction over measures relating to off-budget treatment of agencies 
or programs, which had been added by the Balanced Budget and Emergency 
Deficit Control Act of 1985 (P.L. 99-177), was transferred to the 
Committee on the Budget. Three re-referrals from the Committee on 
Government Reform and Oversight (now Government Reform) to the Committee 
on the Budget marked this migration of off-budget treatment juris


[[Page 434]]

The Committee has jurisdiction over a bill explicitly waiving the 
Federal Property and Administrative Services Act and directing the 
Administrator of General Services to convey excess real property (Oct. 
2, 1998, p. ----). This Committee, and not the Committee on the 
Judiciary, has jurisdiction over a bill authorizing a pay adjustment for 
administrative law judges (July 31, 1991, p. ----; June 10, 1999, p. --
--).
  The Committee has exercised jurisdiction of bills: establishing the 
Rural Electrification Administration as an independent agency and 
transferring certain functions thereto (Mar. 19, 1959, p. 4692); 
establishing a Commission on Population Growth (Sept. 23, 1969, p. 
26568); establishing a Cabinet Committee on Opportunities for Spanish-
Speaking Americans (Nov. 24, 1969, p. 35509); providing payment of 
travel costs for Federal employment applicants (Feb. 15, 1967, p. 3466); 
and a bill to rename an existing post office building (Aug. 4, 1995, p. 
22085; Oct. 1, 1998, p. ----), even if the post office building also 
houses a courthouse (Sept. 14, 2000, p. ----). The Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure, and not this Committee, has 
jurisdiction over a measure redesignating a general-purpose Federal 
building as a post office (Apr. 24, 1997, p. 22085). The Committee has 
exercised jurisdiction over countercyclical programs of revenue-sharing 
grants to State and local governments, such as that contained in Title 
II of the Public Works Employment Act of 1976 (Feb. 1, 1977, p. 3057). 
The Committee shares jurisdiction over a bill to facilitate the 
reorganization of an agency by instituting a separation pay program to 
encourage eligible employees to voluntarily resign or retire (Aug. 2, 
1993, p. 18161).


  The specific subpoena authority conferred upon the Committee in the 
standing rules on February 10, 1947 (p. 942) was superseded by the 
general conferral of subpoena authority on all committees in clause 2(m) 
of rule XI. By the Committee Reform Amendments of 1974, effective 
January 3, 1975, the Committee was given the general function under 
clause 4(c)(1) of examining and reporting upon reports of the 
Comptroller General, evaluating laws reorganizing the legislative and 
executive branches, and studying intergovernmental relationships 
domestically and with international organizations to which the United 
States belongs (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470).

  (i) Committee on House Administration.



Sec. 724. House Administration.

      (1)  Appropriations from 
accounts for committee salaries and expenses (except for the Committee 
on Appropriations); House Information Resources; and allowance and 
expenses of Members, Delegates, the Resident Commissioner, officers, and 
administrative offices of the House.


      (2) Auditing and settling of all accounts described in 
subparagraph (1).

      (3) Employment of persons by the House, including staff for 
Members, Delegates, the Resident Commissioner, and committees; and 
reporters of debates, subject to rule VI.


[[Page 435]]

      (4) Except as provided in paragraph (q)(11), the Library of 
Congress, including management thereof; the House Library; statuary and 
pictures; acceptance or purchase of works of art for the Capitol; the 
Botanic Garden; and purchase of books and manuscripts.

      (5) The Smithsonian Institution and the incorporation of similar 
institutions (except as provided in paragraph (q)(11)).

      (6) Expenditure of accounts described in subparagraph (1).

      (7) Franking Commission.

      (8) Printing and correction of the Congressional Record.

      (9) Accounts of the House generally.

      (10) Assignment of office space for Members, Delegates, the 
Resident Commissioner, and committees.

      (11) Disposition of useless executive papers.

      (12) Election of the President, Vice President, Members, Senators, 
Delegates, or the Resident Commissioner; corrupt practices; contested 
elections; credentials and qualifications; and Federal elections 
generally.

      (13) Services to the House, including the House Restaurant, 
parking facilities, and administration of the House Office Buildings and 
of the House wing of the Capitol.

      (14) Travel of Members, Delegates, and the Resident Commissioner.

      (15) Raising, reporting, and use of campaign contributions for 
candidates for office of Representative, of Delegate, and of Resident 
Commissioner.



[[Page 436]]


      (16) Compensation, retirement, and other benefits of the Members, 
Delegates, the Resident Commissioner, officers, and employees of 
Congress.

  This Committee was created as the Committee on House Administration on 
January 2, 1947, as a part of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 
(60 Stat. 812), combining the Committees on Accounts (created in 1803) 
(IV, 4328), Enrolled Bills (created in 1789) (IV, 4350), Disposition of 
Executive Papers (created in 1889) (IV, 4419), Printing (created in 
1846), Elections (created in 1794 and divided into three committees in 
1895) (IV, 4019), Election of President, Vice President, and 
Representatives in Congress (created in 1893) (IV, 4299), and Memorials 
(created January 3, 1929, VII, 2080).


  The Committee was redesignated as the Committee on House Oversight in 
the 104th Congress, obtaining from the former Committee on Post Office 
and Civil Service jurisdiction over the Franking Commission (also known 
as the House Commission on Congressional Mailing Standards) in 
subparagraph (7), while transferring to the Committee on Resources 
jurisdiction over erection of monuments to the memory of individuals 
(sec. 202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464). References in 
subparagraphs (1) and (2) to the ``contingent fund'' were eliminated 
without changing the Committee's jurisdiction over the accounts that the 
fund comprised. In the 105th Congress subparagraph (1) was amended to 
effect a technical correction (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). In the 
106th Congress the Committee was redesignated House Administration, and 
the House recodified its rules to effect clerical and stylistic changes, 
including the deletion of a redundant undesignated recitation of general 
and special oversight functions (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). In 
the 107th Congress the Committee's responsibilities with respect to 
enrolled bills (which were set forth in former clause 4(d)(1)(A) of rule 
X) were transferred to the Clerk (see clause 2(d)(2) of rule II) (sec. 
2(b), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).



Sec. 725. House facilities.

  The  Committee has jurisdiction 
over measures relating to the House Restaurant, which was first under 
the jurisdiction of the former Committee on Accounts, then under the 
supervision of the Architect of the Capitol (H. Res. 590, 76th Cong., 
Sept. 5, 1940, p. 11552, as made permanent law by P.L. 76-812, 40 U.S.C. 
174k), and then under the supervision of the Select Committee on the 
House Restaurant (H. Res. 472, 91st Cong., July 10, 1969, p. 19080; H. 
Res. 111, 93d Cong., Feb. 7, 1973, p. 3680), which was not reestablished 
after the 93d Congress.



[[Page 437]]

  By the Committee Reform Amendments of 1974, effective January 3, 1975, 
the Committee obtained jurisdiction over parking facilities of the 
House, a matter formerly assigned to a select committee (subpara. (13)) 
(H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). In the 94th Congress 
the Committee was given jurisdiction over campaign contributions to 
candidates for the House, a matter formerly within the jurisdiction of 
the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct (subpara. (15)), and over 
compensation, retirement, and other benefits of Members, officers, and 
employees of Congress (subpara. (16)) (H. Res. 5, Jan. 14, 1975, p. 20).


  The Committee has jurisdiction over resolutions authorizing committees 
to employ additional professional and clerical personnel (Feb. 7, 1966, 
p. 2373). The Committee has supervisory authority over the House barber 
shops, beauty shops, House Information Resources, and the Office of 
Placement and Management (the latter formerly within the jurisdiction of 
the former Joint Committee on Congressional Operations and of the former 
Select Committee on Congressional Operations).




Sec. 727. Library.

  Under  the Reorganization Act the 
Committee has jurisdiction of some of the subjects formerly within the 
jurisdiction of the Joint Committee on the Library, such as matters 
relating to the Library of Congress and the House Library, statuary and 
pictures, acceptance or purchase of works of art for the Capitol, the 
Botanic Gardens, management of the Library of Congress, purchase of 
books and manuscripts, matters relating to the Smithsonian Institution, 
and the incorporation of similar institutions. Excepted are measures 
relating to the construction or reconstruction, maintenance, and care of 
the buildings and grounds of the Botanic Gardens, the Library of 
Congress, and the Smithsonian Institution, which fall under the 
jurisdiction of the Committee on Transportation (now Transportation and 
Infrastructure). The House Members of the Joint Committee on the 
Library, provided for by law (2 U.S.C. 132b), are elected by resolution 
each Congress.




Sec. 728. Congressional Record.

  The  Committee has 
jurisdiction of matters relating to printing and correction of the 
Congressional Record, formerly within the jurisdiction of the Committee 
on Printing. The House Members of the Joint Committee on Printing, 
provided for by law (44 U.S.C. 1), are elected by resolution each 
Congress.


  The Committee has jurisdiction of measures relating to the election of 
the President, Vice President, or Members of Congress; corrupt 
practices; contested elections; credentials and qualifications; Federal 
elections generally, and the electoral count, which formerly was within 
the jurisdiction of the Committee on Election of the President, Vice 
President, and Representatives in Congress (IV, 4303).


  The Committee's former responsibility to report on Members' travel was 
supplanted by the function of providing policy direction to and 
oversight of the Clerk, Sergeant-at-Arms, Chief Administrative Officer, 
and Inspector General (sec. 10, H. Res. 423, Apr. 9, 1992, p. 9040; sec. 
201(e), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 463; see rule II and Sec. 752, 
infra). In the 107th Congress the Committee retained the responsibility 
to provide policy direction to and oversight of the Inspector General 
but retained only oversight of the remaining officers (sec. 2(g), H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).

  (j) Committee on International Relations.


[[Page 438]]



Sec. 729. International Relations.

      (1)  Relations of the 
United States with foreign nations generally.


      (2) Acquisition of land and buildings for embassies and legations 
in foreign countries.

      (3) Establishment of boundary lines between the United States and 
foreign nations.

      (4) Export controls, including nonproliferation of nuclear 
technology and nuclear hardware.

      (5) Foreign loans.

      (6) International commodity agreements (other than those involving 
sugar), including all agreements for cooperation in the export of 
nuclear technology and nuclear hardware.

      (7) International conferences and congresses.

      (8) International education.

      (9) Intervention abroad and declarations of war.

      (10) Diplomatic service.

      (11) Measures to foster commercial intercourse with foreign 
nations and to safeguard American business interests abroad.

      (12) International economic policy.

      (13) Neutrality.

      (14) Protection of American citizens abroad and expatriation.

      (15) The American National Red Cross.

      (16) Trading with the enemy.


      (17) United Nations organizations.


[[Page 439]]

  This Committee was established in 1822 (IV, 4162), and from 1885 to 
1920 had authority to report appropriations. In the 94th Congress the 
name of the Committee was changed from Foreign Affairs to International 
Relations (H. Res. 163, Mar. 19, 1975, p. 7343). In the 96th Congress it 
was changed back to Foreign Affairs (H. Res. 89, Feb. 5, 1979, p. 1848). 
In the 104th Congress the name was again changed to International 
Relations (sec. 202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464).

  In addition to the jurisdiction vested in the Committee by the 
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812), the Committee 
Reform Amendments of 1974, effective January 3, 1975, gave the Committee 
jurisdiction over measures relating to: international economic policy 
(subpara. (12)) and export controls (subpara. (4)), matters formerly 
within the jurisdiction of the Committee on Banking and Currency (now 
Financial Services); international commodity agreements other than sugar 
(subpara. (6)), formerly within the jurisdiction of the Committee on 
Agriculture; trading with the enemy (subpara. (16)), formerly within the 
jurisdiction of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce (now 
Energy and Commerce); and international education (subpara. (8)); while 
transferring jurisdiction over international financial and monetary 
organizations to the Committee on Banking and Currency (now Financial 
Services), and jurisdiction over international fishing agreements to the 
Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries (now Resources) (H. Res. 988, 
93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). When the legislative jurisdiction in 
the House of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy was abolished in the 
95th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70), the Committee was 
given jurisdiction over nonproliferation of nuclear technology and 
hardware (subpara. (4)), and over international agreements on nuclear 
exports (subpara. (6)). Clerical and stylistic changes were effected 
when the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, including the 
deletion of a redundant undesignated recitation of general and special 
oversight functions (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  It has a broad jurisdiction over foreign relations, including bills to 
establish boundary lines between the United States and foreign nations, 
to determine naval strengths, and to regulate bridges and dams on 
international waters (IV, 4166; see also the ``General Bridge Act,'' 33 
U.S.C. 525, 533), for the protection of American citizens abroad and 
expatriation (IV, 4169; VII, 1883), for extradition with foreign 
nations, for international arbitration, relating to violations of 
neutrality (IV, 4178a), international conferences and congresses (IV, 
4177; VII, 1884), the incorporation of the American National Red Cross 
and protection of its insignia (IV, 4173), intervention abroad and 
declarations of war (IV, 4164; VII 1880), affairs of the consular 
service, including acquisition of land and buildings for legations in 
foreign capitals (IV, 4163; VII, 1879), creation of courts of the United 
States in foreign countries (IV, 4167), treaty regulations as to 
protection of fur seals (IV, 4170), matters relating to the Philippines 
(see 60 Stat. 315), and measures establishing a District of Columbia 
corporation to support private American organizations engaged in 
communications with foreign nations (June 21, 1971, p. 21062).


[[Page 440]]

Committee has exercised a general but not exclusive jurisdiction over 
legislation relating to claims having international relations (IV, 4168; 
VII, 1882). Pursuant to its jurisdiction over international education, 
the Committee (and not former Committee on Education and Labor) has 
exercised jurisdiction over bills establishing scholarship programs for 
foreign students (May 10, 1988, p. 10305). The Committee has 
jurisdiction over a communication from the President notifying the 
House, consistent with the War Powers Resolution, of the deployment 
abroad of U.S. armed forces to participate in an embargo against another 
nation (Nov. 4, 1993, p. 27393).
  The Committee has also considered measures for fostering commercial 
intercourse with foreign nations and for safeguarding American business 
interests abroad (IV, 4175), and even the subjects of commercial 
treaties and reciprocal arrangements (IV, 4174), although in later 
practice the Committee on Ways and Means has considered such matters 
(IV, 4021). The


  The special oversight function of the Committee set forth in clause 
3(d) of rule X (current clause 3(f) of rule X) was made effective 
January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470).

  (k) Committee on the Judiciary.



Sec. 730. Judiciary.

      (1)  The judiciary and judicial 
proceedings, civil and criminal.


      (2) Administrative practice and procedure.

      (3) Apportionment of Representatives.

      (4) Bankruptcy, mutiny, espionage, and counterfeiting.

      (5) Civil liberties.

      (6) Constitutional amendments.

      (7) Federal courts and judges, and local courts in the Territories 
and possessions.

      (8) Immigration and naturalization.

      (9) Interstate compacts generally.

      (10) Claims against the United States.

      (11) Meetings of Congress; attendance of Members, Delegates, and 
the Resident Commissioner; and their acceptance of incompatible offices.

      (12) National penitentiaries.

      (13) Patents, the Patent and Trademark Office, copyrights, and 
trademarks.


[[Page 441]]

      (14) Presidential succession.

      (15) Protection of trade and commerce against unlawful restraints 
and monopolies.

      (16) Revision and codification of the Statutes of the United 
States.

      (17) State and territorial boundary lines.




Sec. 731. Internal Security.

      (18)  Subversive activities 
affecting the in-
ternal security of the United States.


  This Committee dates from 1813 (IV, 4054). The essential jurisdiction 
defined in the rule was made effective January 2, 1947, as a part of the 
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812), and combined the 
Committees on Revision of Laws (created 1868, IV, 4293), Patents 
(created in 1837) (IV, 4254), Immigration and Naturalization (created in 
1893) (IV, 4309), Claims (created in 1794) (IV, 4262), and War Claims 
(created in 1883) (IV, 4269). By the Committee Reform Amendments of 
1974, effective January 3, 1975, the Committee's jurisdiction over 
holidays and celebrations was transferred to the former Committee on 
Post Office and Civil Service (now under Government Reform) (H. Res. 
988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). In the 94th Congress the 
Committee on Internal Security was abolished and jurisdiction over 
communist and other subversive activities affecting the internal 
security of the United States was transferred to this Committee 
(subpara. (18)) (H. Res. 5, Jan. 14, 1975, p. 20), though an 
accompanying provision for the transfer of records and staff of the 
Internal Security Committee to the Judiciary Committee was deleted as 
obsolete in the 95th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70), and 
the specific reference to communism was deleted as unnecessary in the 
104th Congress (sec. 202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464). The 104th 
Congress also inserted ``the judiciary'' in subparagraph (1); added 
subparagraph (2) for clarification; combined former subparagraphs (6) 
and (9) in a new subparagraph (7); and combined former subparagraphs 
(13) and (14) in a new subparagraph (13) (sec. 202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 
4, 1995, p. 464). Clerical and stylistic changes were effected when the 
House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, including an update of 
a reference to the Patent and Trademark Office (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, 
p. ----).


[[Page 442]]

H. Res. 12, 101st Cong., Jan. 3, 1989, p. 84; Dec. 19, 1998, p. ----; 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).
  Under subparagraph (14) the Committee has jurisdiction over 
Presidential nominations to fill vacancies in the office of Vice 
President, submitted pursuant to the 25th amendment to the Constitution 
(Oct. 13, 1973, p. 34032; Aug. 20, 1974, p. 29366). The Committee has 
reported Articles of Impeachment of the President (Aug. 20, 1974, pp. 
29219-81; Dec. 17, 1998, p. ----). Where the House has voted 
impeachment, members of the Committee have been appointed as managers on 
the part of the House in presenting the charges to the Senate for trial 
(H. Res. 501, 99th Cong., July 22, 1986, p. 17306; H. Res. 511, 100th 
Cong., Aug. 3, 1988, p. 20223;

  The Committee on the Judiciary considers charges against judges of the 
Federal courts (IV, 4062), legislative propositions relating to the 
service of the Department of Justice (IV, 4067), bills relating to local 
courts in the District of Columbia, Alaska, and the territories (IV, 
4068), the establishment of a court of patent appeals (IV, 4075), 
relations of labor to courts and corporations (IV, 4072), crimes, 
penalties, extradition (IV, 4069; VII, 1747), construction and 
management of national penitentiaries (IV, 4070), matters relating to 
trusts and corporations (IV, 4057, 4059, 4060; VII, 1764), claims of 
States against the United States (IV, 4080), general legislation 
relating to international and other claims (IV, 4078, 4079, 4081), 
including measures extending the terms of members of the Foreign Claims 
Settlement Commission (Nov. 14, 1991, p. 32130), bills relating to the 
Office of President (IV, 4077), to the flag (IV, 4055), bankruptcy (IV, 
4065), removal of political disabilities (IV, 4058), prohibition of 
traffic in intoxicating liquors (IV, 4061; VII, 1773), mutiny and 
willful destruction of vessels (IV, 4145), counterfeiting (IV, 4071; 
VII, 1753), settlement of State and territorial boundary lines (IV, 
4060; VII, 1768), meeting of Congress and attendance of Members and 
their acceptance of incompatible offices (IV, 4077, VI, 65).

  The Committee also has jurisdiction over joint resolutions proposing 
amendments to the Constitution (IV, 4056; VII, 1779). It also reports on 
important questions of law relating to subjects naturally within the 
jurisdiction of other committees (IV, 4063). Although the Committee has 
historically exercised jurisdiction over lobbying activities, the 
Committee on Standards of Official Conduct was assigned such 
jurisdiction during a brief period (H. Res. 1031, 91st Cong., July 8, 
1970, p. 23141; H. Res. 5, 94th Cong., Jan. 14, 1975, p. 20).


[[Page 443]]

the Workforce), over bills to amend the Walsh-Healey Act regarding hours 
of work under government contracts (May 15, 1985, p. 11946). This 
Committee, and not the Committee on Public Works and Transportation (now 
Transportation and Infrastructure), exercised jurisdiction over a bill 
extending the authority for the Marshal of the Supreme Court and the 
Supreme Court Police to protect the Chief Justice, Associate Justices, 
officers, and employees of the Supreme Court beyond its building and 
grounds (Nov. 22, 1993, p. 32074). The Committee on Government Reform, 
and not this Committee, has jurisdiction over pay adjustments for 
administrative law judges (July 31, 1991, p. 20677; June 10, 1999, p. --
--).
  The Committee also has jurisdiction over bills regulating the 
authority of States to impose taxes on interstate commerce (June 18, 
1959, p. 11317), imposing conflict of interest standards and civil and 
criminal penalties relating thereto on government employees (Feb. 25, 
1960, p. 3484), establishing an Academy of Criminal Justice (Apr. 5, 
1965, p. 6822), to eliminate racketeering in the interstate sale of 
cigarettes (Feb. 9, 1972, p. 3429), providing workmen's compensation for 
non-Federal firemen killed during civil disorder (May 6, 1968, p. 
11798), authorizing the Attorney General to consent to a modification of 
a certain trust on behalf of the Library of Congress (Aug. 17, 1959, p. 
16051), amending an omnibus pension act to increase the amount of 
pension granted a certain class of persons (Feb. 15, 1960, p. 2523), and 
imposing criminal sanctions under the Controlled Substances Act (Nov. 
14, 1983, p. 32457). The Committee has exclusive jurisdiction over the 
Legal Services Corporation (Nov. 19, 1975, p. 37288) and over the 
extension of workmen's benefits to non-Federal policemen and firemen 
(Dec. 12, 1975, p. 40204). The Committee has exercised jurisdiction, 
with the Committee on Education and Labor (now Education and


  The Committee has the general oversight responsibility set forth in 
clause 2(b).

  (l) Committee on Resources.



Sec. 732. Resources.

      (1)  Fisheries and wildlife, 
including research, restoration, refuges, and conservation.


      (2) Forest reserves and national parks created from the public 
domain.

      (3) Forfeiture of land grants and alien ownership, including alien 
ownership of mineral lands.

      (4) Geological Survey.

      (5) International fishing agreements.

      (6) Interstate compacts relating to apportionment of waters for 
irrigation purposes.

      (7) Irrigation and reclamation, including water supply for 
reclamation projects and easements of public lands for irrigation 
projects; and acquisition of private lands when necessary to complete 
irrigation projects.


[[Page 444]]

      (8) Native Americans generally, including the care and allotment 
of Native American lands and general and special measures relating to 
claims that are paid out of Native American funds.

      (9) Insular possessions of the United States generally (except 
those affecting the revenue and appropriations).

      (10) Military parks and battlefields, national cemeteries 
administered by the Secretary of the Interior, parks within the District 
of Columbia, and the erection of monuments to the memory of individuals.

      (11) Mineral land laws and claims and entries thereunder.

      (12) Mineral resources of public lands.

      (13) Mining interests generally.

      (14) Mining schools and experimental stations.

      (15) Marine affairs, including coastal zone management (except for 
measures relating to oil and other pollution of navigable waters).

      (16) Oceanography.

      (17) Petroleum conservation on public lands and conservation of 
the radium supply in the United States.

      (18) Preservation of prehistoric ruins and objects of interest on 
the public domain.

      (19) Public lands generally, including entry, easements, and 
grazing thereon.

      (20) Relations of the United States with Native Americans and 
Native American tribes.


      (21) Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline (except ratemaking).


[[Page 445]]

  The Committee on Public Lands was created in 1805 (IV, 4194). Its name 
has since been changed to Interior and Insular Affairs (Feb. 2, 1951, p. 
883); to Natural Resources (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1993, p. 49); and to 
Resources (sec. 202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464).

  The core of the jurisdiction reflected in this paragraph was assigned 
to the Committee effective January 2, 1947, as a part of the Legislative 
Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812), which consolidated in this 
Committee the jurisdictions of the former Committees on Mines and Mining 
(created in 1865) (IV, 4223), Insular Affairs (created in 1899) (IV, 
4213), Irrigation and Reclamation (created in 1893) (IV, 4307), Indian 
Affairs (created in 1821) (IV, 4204), and territories (created in 1825) 
(IV, 4208), though vesting the subject of welfare of men working in 
mines, formerly under the jurisdiction of the Committee on Mines and 
Mining, in the Committee on Education and Labor (now Education and the 
Workforce). Until the Reorganization Act, military parks, battlefields, 
and national cemeteries were under jurisdiction of the Committee on 
Military Affairs. Jurisdiction over cemeteries of the United States in 
which veterans may be buried, except those administered by the Secretary 
of the Interior, was transferred to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs 
in the 90th Congress (H. Res. 241, Oct. 20, 1967).

  In Committee Reform Amendments of 1974, effective January 3, 1975, the 
Committee gained jurisdiction over parks within the District of 
Columbia, formerly within the jurisdiction of the Committee on Public 
Works and Transportation (now Transportation and Infrastructure) 
(subpara. (10)), and lost specific jurisdiction over Indian education 
and over Hawaii and Alaska, generally (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 
1974, p. 34470). By that same resolution, the Committee was given 
special oversight functions in clause 3.


[[Page 446]]

  The 104th Congress expanded the jurisdiction of the Committee by: 
adding subparagraphs (1), (5), (15), and (16) to reflect the transfer of 
those matters from the former Committee on Merchant Marine and 
Fisheries; inserting the subject of monuments in memory of individuals 
in subparagraph (10) to reflect the transfer of that matter from the 
Committee on House Administration; adding subparagraph (21), an 
exceptional treatment of pipeline jurisdiction otherwise vested in the 
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure; and deleting the subject 
of regulation of the domestic nuclear energy industry to reflect the 
transfer of that jurisdiction, which this Committee had acquired when 
the 95th Congress abolished the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70) and which it shared with the Committee 
on Energy and Commerce, to the Committee on Energy and Commerce (sec. 
202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464). At the same time, the 
statements of special oversight functions formerly found in this 
paragraph and in former paragraph (e) of this clause were adjusted to 
reflect the transfer of nonmilitary nuclear energy and research and 
development including disposal of nuclear waste from this Committee to 
the Committee on Energy and Commerce, though conforming changes in 
former paragraphs (e) and (h) of clause 3 were inadvertently omitted. 
Clerical and stylistic changes were effected when the House recodified 
its rules in the 106th Congress, (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  The Committee reports on subjects relating to the mineral resources of 
the public lands (IV, 4202), forfeiture of land grants and alien 
ownership (IV, 4201), validation of certain conveyances of erstwhile 
public lands by a railway company (July 11, 1995, p. 18397), public 
lands of Alaska (IV, 4196), forest reserves (IV, 4197), and national 
parks created out of the public domain (IV, 4199; VII, 1925), including 
measures relating to criminal trespass provisions applying only within 
national forests created from the public domain (July 18, 1977, p. 
23434); to admission of States (IV, 4208); to preservation of 
prehistoric ruins and objects of interest on the public domain (IV, 
4199); and sometimes to projects of general legislation relating to 
various classes of land claims (IV, 4203). The Committee also has 
jurisdiction over bills relating to proceeds from disposal of oil shale 
on public lands (other than naval oil shale reserves) (Aug. 3, 1967, p. 
21179); bills to exclude certain lands in the Outer Continental Shelf 
from mineral leasing provisions of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act 
(May 16, 1963, p. 8777); bills reinstating a U.S. oil and gas lease 
(Aug. 5, 1959, p. 15190); bills addressing U.S. claims to lands along 
the Colorado River forming state boundaries (June 28, 1967, p. 17738); 
bills designating national forest lands created from the public domain 
as wilderness (May 6, 1969, p. 11459); bills including additional units 
in the Missouri River Basin project (Sept. 8, 1959, p. 18587); bills 
establishing a commission on development of Pennsylvania Avenue in D.C. 
as a national historic site (Oct. 21, 1965, p. 27803); bills authorizing 
the Secretary of the Interior to conduct a feasibility investigation of 
potential water resource development (May 1, 1975, p. 12764); bills to 
establish a commission to consider the creation of a (Hudson) River 
compact (July 21, 1975, p. 23653); bills to name a building constructed 
as part of a Federal recreation area (June 8, 1988, p. 13803); bills 
addressing the siting on Federal parkland of an established national 
memorial (Sept. 24, 1991, p. 23731); and (with the Committee on 
Agriculture) bills exchanging a Federal tree nursery for certain State 
mining patents touching a western forest (Sept. 17, 1991, p. 23193). The 
Committee on National Security (now Armed Services), and not this 
Committee, has jurisdiction over the transfer of military property to a 
State to be designated by the State as a wilderness area (Nov. 15, 1995, 
p. 32627). The Committee on Agriculture, and not this Committee, has 
jurisdiction over the designation of an agricultural research center 
(May 14, 1996, p. 11070). The Committee on Education and the Workforce, 
and not this Committee, has jurisdiction over a bill amending the Native 
American Programs Act of 1974 (an Indian education matter) (Oct. 30, 
1997, p. ----).



[[Page 447]]


  The authority of the Committee to report as privileged bills for the 
forfeiture of land grants to railroad and other corporations, bills 
preventing speculation in the public lands, bills for the preservation 
of the public lands for the benefit of actual and bona fide settlers, 
and bills for the admission of new States was eliminated in the 
Committee Reform Amendments of 1974, effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 
988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470).

  (m) Committee on Rules.



Sec. 733. Rules.

      (1)  Rules and joint rules (other than 
those relating to the Code of Official Conduct) and the order of 
business of the House.



      (2) Recesses and final adjournments of Congress.

  This Committee, which had existed as a select committee from 1789, 
became a standing committee in 1880 (IV, 4321; VII, 2047). The 
jurisdiction defined in this paragraph became effective January 2, 1947, 
as a part of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812). 
Clerical and stylistic changes were effected when the House recodified 
its rules in the 106th Congress, including the deletion of a redundant 
undesignated pararaph permitting the Committee to sit during sessions of 
the House (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). That undesignated 
paragraph, originally designated as subparagraph (3) (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 
1993, p. 49), was derived from section 134(c) of the Legislative 
Reorganization Act of 1946, even though the Committee had authority to 
sit during sessions of the House since 1893 (IV, 4546). Effective 
January 3, 1975, however, the authority for all committees to sit and 
act whether the House is in session or has adjourned rendered this 
provision obsolete (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470).

  The Speaker was first made a member of the Committee in 1858 (IV, 
4321), and ceased to be a member on March 19, 1910 (VII, 2047). However, 
the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 deleted from the former rule 
the prohibition against the Speaker serving on the Committee. The size 
of the Committee was increased from 12 to 15 members for the 87th 
Congress (Jan. 31, 1961, p. 1589), and the increase in the Committee's 
size was incorporated as a part of the rules in the 88th Congress (Jan. 
9, 1963, p. 14). Effective January 3, 1975, however, the rules were 
amended to eliminate prescriptions of committee sizes (H. Res. 988, 93d 
Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470), and in the 94th through the 98th 
Congresses 16 Members were named to the Committee on nominations from 
the respective party caucuses (see, e.g., H. Res. 76, Jan. 20, 1975, p. 
803; H. Res. 101, Jan. 28, 1975, p. 1611), and in the 99th through 101st 
Congresses, 13 Members were named to the Committee on nominations from 
the respective party caucuses (see, e.g., H. Res. 34, 35, Jan. 30, 1985, 
pp. 1271, 1273).


[[Page 448]]

3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470), but was 
repealed as obsolete in the 102d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1991, p. 
39). Jurisdiction over rules relating to official conduct and financial 
disclosure was transferred to the Committee on Standards of Official 
Conduct on April 3, 1968 (H. Res. 1099, 90th Cong.), but in the 95th 
Congress, jurisdiction over rules relating to financial disclosure by 
Members, officers, and employees of the House was returned to this 
Committee (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70).
  The subject of recesses and adjournments was formerly under the 
jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means. In section 402(b) of 
the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-344, July 12, 1974), the 
Committee was given specific authority to report emergency waivers of 
the required reporting date for bills and resolutions authorizing new 
budget authority. That authority was incorporated into this rule, 
effective January


  The jurisdiction of this Committee is primarily over propositions to 
make or change the rules (V, 6770, 6776; VII, 2047), for the creation of 
committees (IV, 4322; VII, 2048), and directing them to make 
investigations (IV, 4322-4324; VII, 2048). Effective January 3, 1975, 
however, the authority for all committees to conduct investigations and 
studies was made a part of the standing rules (clause 1(b) of rule XI), 
as was the authority to issue subpoenas (clause 2(m) of rule XI) (H. 
Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). The Committee also reports 
resolutions relating to the hour of daily meeting and the days on which 
the House shall sit (IV, 4325), and orders relating to the use of the 
galleries during the electoral count (IV, 4327). The chairman of the 
Committee on the Budget inserted in the Congressional Record a 
Memorandum of Understanding between this Committee and the Committee on 
the Budget to clarify each Committee's jurisdiction over the 
congressional budget process (Jan. 4, 1995, p. 617). The Committee on 
the Budget has primary jurisdiction, and this Committee has additional 
jurisdiction, over a bill amending the Budget Act to establish new 
legislative points of order and directing that the President include a 
specified matter with his budget (Feb. 14, 2001, p. ----).



Sec. 734. Special orders of business.

  Since  1883 the 
Committee on Rules has reported special orders providing times and 
methods for consideration of special bills or classes of bills, thereby 
enabling the House by majority vote to forward particular legislation, 
instead of being forced to use for the purpose the motion to suspend the 
rules, which requires a two-thirds vote (IV, 3152; V, 6870; for forms 
of, IV, 3238-3263).


  Special orders may still be made by suspension of the rules (IV, 3154) 
or by unanimous consent (IV, 3165, 3166; VII, 758); but it is not in 
order, by motion in the House, to provide that a subject be made a 
special order by a motion to postpone to a day certain (IV, 3164). 
Before the adoption of rules, and consequently before there is a rule as 
to the order of business, the Speaker may recognize a Member to offer by 
direction of the caucus of the majority party for immediate 
consideration a special order providing for the consideration in the 
House of a subsequent resolution to adopt rules for the new Congress (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 447). A special order reported by the Committee 
on Rules must be agreed to by a majority vote of the House (IV, 3169).


[[Page 449]]

its consideration may be postponed by a majority vote (IV, 3177-3182). A 
motion to rescind a special order is not privileged under the rules 
regulating the order of business (IV, 3173, 3174; V, 5323).
  It is not in order to move to postpone a special order providing for 
the consideration of a class of bills (V, 4958), but a bill which comes 
before the House by the terms of a special order merely assigning the 
day for

  A motion to amend the rules of the House does not present a question 
of privilege (VIII, 3377, overruling VIII, 3376; see also rule IX and 
Sec. 706, supra), and it is not in order by raising a question of the 
privileges of the House under rule IX to move to direct the Committee on 
Rules to consider a request to report a special order of business 
(Speaker Albert, June 27, 1974, p. 21599), or to direct the Committee on 
Rules to meet, to elect a temporary chairman (in the temporary absence 
of the chairman) and consider special orders of business (Speaker 
Albert, July 31, 1975, p. 26250).


  For further discussion of the Committee on Rules, see Sec. Sec. 857-
859, infra.

  (n) Committee on Science.



Sec. 735. Science.

      (1)  All energy research, development, 
and demonstration, and projects therefor, and all federally owned or 
operated nonmilitary energy laboratories.


      (2) Astronautical research and development, including resources, 
personnel, equipment, and facilities.

      (3) Civil aviation research and development.

      (4) Environmental research and development.

      (5) Marine research.

      (6) Commercial application of energy technology.

      (7) National Institute of Standards and Technology, 
standardization of weights and measures, and the metric system.

      (8) National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

      (9) National Space Council.

      (10) National Science Foundation.


[[Page 450]]

      (11) National Weather Service.

      (12) Outer space, including exploration and control thereof.

      (13) Science scholarships.


      (14) Scientific research, development, and demonstration, and 
projects therefor.

  The standing Committee on Science and Astronautics was established in 
the 85th Congress and given jurisdiction formerly vested in a Select 
Committee on Astronautics and Space Exploration established a few months 
earlier (Mar. 5, 1958, p. 3443), as well as the former jurisdiction of 
the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce (now Energy and 
Commerce) over the Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology) and science scholarships (July 21, 1958, p. 
14513). By the Committee Reform Amendments of 1974, effective January 3, 
1975, the Committee was redesignated as the Committee on Science and 
Technology and given additional jurisdiction over civil aviation 
research and development, environmental research and development, 
nonnuclear energy research and development, and the National Weather 
Service (now part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration) (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). At the 
same time the Committee was given the general and special oversight 
functions set forth in clause 2(b) and former clause 3(f) (current 
clause 3(j)). When the House abolished the Joint Committee on Atomic 
Energy in the 95th Congress, this Committee was given jurisdiction over 
nuclear research and development, as well (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 
53-70). Its jurisdiction over energy research and development (now 
subpara. (1)) was amended in the 96th Congress, effective January 3, 
1981, to specifically include energy demonstration projects and 
federally owned nonmilitary energy laboratories (H. Res. 549, Mar. 25, 
1980, pp. 6405-10). In the 100th Congress, the Committee was 
redesignated as the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 6, 1987, p. 6). In the 103d Congress the jurisdictional 
statement of the Committee was updated to reflect the renaming of 
executive branch entities (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1993, p. 49). The 104th 
Congress again renamed the Committee as the Committee on Science and 
expanded its jurisdiction by adding subparagraph (5), from the former 
Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, and subparagraph (6), from 
the Committee on Energy and Commerce (sec. 202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 
1995, p. 464). Clerical and stylistic changes were effected when the 
House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, including the deletion 
of a redundant undesignated recitation of general and special oversight 
functions (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 451]]

the National Bureau of Standards and the National Science Foundation 
defer official travel to that country (Jan. 30, 1980, p. 1320); with the 
Committees on Armed Services and Interior and Insular Affairs (now 
Resources), over bills to test the commercial viability of oil shale 
technologies within the naval oil shale reserves or on other public 
lands (Sept. 26, 1978, p. 31623); and with four other committees over a 
bill coordinating Federal agencies' research into ground water 
contamination, including that done by the Environmental Protection 
Agency (Mar. 15, 1989, p. 4163).

  The Committee has jurisdiction over proposals dealing with U.S. 
participation in the World Science Pan-Pacific Exposition (June 24, 
1959, p. 11810); over a resolution condemning Soviet Union internal 
exile of an individual, and recommending that Government agencies 
including NASA,

  (o) Committee on Small Business.



Sec. 736. Small Business.

      (1)  Assistance to and 
protection of small business, including financial aid, regulatory 
flexibility, and paperwork reduction.



      (2) Participation of small-business enterprises in Federal 
procurement and Government contracts.

  A Select Committee on Small Business was first established in the 77th 
Congress (H. Res. 294, pp. 9418-28) and was reconstituted each Congress 
thereafter by resolution reported from the Committee on Rules until made 
permanent in the 92d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144).


  The Committee Reform Amendments of 1974 established a standing 
Committee on Small Business, effective January 3, 1975, and vested it 
with legislative jurisdiction formerly held by the Committee on Banking 
and Currency (now Financial Services) (subpara. (1)) and the Committee 
on the Judiciary (subpara. (2)) (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, 
p. 34470). At the same time the general and special oversight functions 
were set forth in clause 2(b) and in former clause 3(g) (current clause 
3(k)). The 104th Congress expanded the jurisdiction of the Committee 
over assistance to and protection of small business by inserting the 
references to regulatory flexibility and paperwork reduction in 
subparagraph (1) (sec. 202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464; see also 
Feb. 9, 1995, p. 4328) and later effected a technical correction (H. 
Res. 254, Nov. 30, 1995, p. 35077). Clerical and stylistic changes were 
effected when the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, 
including the deletion of a redundant undesignated recitation of general 
and special oversight functions (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  (p) Committee on Standards of Official Conduct.



[[Page 452]]


      The Code of Official Conduct.



Sec. 737. Standards of Official Conduct.

  In  the 90th 
Congress the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct was established 
as a standing committee (H. Res. 418, Apr. 13, 1967, p. 9425). Its 
precursor was the Select Committee on Standards and Conduct, created in 
the 89th Congress (H. Res. 1013, Oct. 19, 1966, pp. 27713-30). At 
various times in its history, the legislative jurisdiction of the 
Committee has included jurisdiction over measures relating to (1) 
financial disclosure by Members, officers, and employees of the House 
(H. Res. 1099, 90th Cong., Apr. 3, 1968, p. 8776); (2) the raising, 
reporting, and use of campaign contributions for candidates for the 
House (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470); and (3) lobbying 
activities (H. Res. 1031, 91st Cong., July 8, 1970, p. 23141). However, 
legislative jurisdiction over measures relating to financial disclosure 
was transferred to the Committee on Rules in the 95th Congress (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70); legislative jurisdiction over measures 
relating to campaign contributions for candidates for the House was 
transferred to House Administration, and legislative jurisdiction over 
measures relating to lobbying activities was removed from the Committee 
(thereby devolving on the Committee on the Judiciary) in the 94th 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 14, 1975, p. 20). Clerical and stylistic 
changes were effected when the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, including the deletion of a redundant undesignated recitation 
of general and special functions (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


  Two rules relating to the official conduct of Members outside the 
confines of rule XXIII, the ``Code of Official Conduct,'' are as 
follows: rule XXIV, limitations on use of official funds, and rule XXV, 
limitations on outside earned income and acceptance of gifts.

  Under clause 5(a) of rule XIII, the Committee is empowered to report 
as privileged resolutions recommending action by the House of 
Representatives with respect to the official conduct of an individual 
Member, officer, or employee of the House.

  In addition to its legislative jurisdiction, the Committee has the 
general oversight responsibility set forth in clause 2(b) and the 
additional functions of conducting the investigations and making the 
reports and recommendations required by clause 5 of rule XIII or by 
resolution of the House (see, e.g., H. Res. 252, 95th Cong., Feb. 9, 
1977, pp. 3966-75, directing investigation of gifts from Korean 
Government; H. Res. 1042, 94th Cong., Feb. 16, 1976, pp. 3158-61, 
directing investigation of unauthorized publication of report of Select 
Committee on Intelligence; and H. Res. 608, 96th Cong., Mar. 27, 1980, 
pp. 6995-98, relating to ``Abscam'').


[[Page 453]]

1978, p. 452). In the 96th Congress the Committee was assigned as 
additional responsibilities the functions designated in title I of the 
Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-521) relating to the 
administration of government ethics laws as they apply to Members, 
officers, and employees of the House (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 1979, p. 7). 
In the 102d Congress those responsibilities were enlarged to include 
also the functions designated in title V of the Act and the specified 
sections of title 5, United States Code (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1991, p. 
39).
  The Committee has investigated roll call procedures in the House and 
recommended installation of a modernized voting system (June 19, 1969, 
p. 16629). In the 95th Congress the Committee was authorized by section 
515 of Public Law 95-105 to act as the ``employing agency'' for the 
House of Representatives under the Foreign Gifts and Decorations Act, 
and the Committee promulgated regulations under that statute concerning 
acceptance of foreign gifts and decorations by Members and employees 
(Jan. 23,

  The Committee has compiled statutory and rule-based ethical standards 
in the House Ethics Manual (102d Cong., 2d Sess.). In the Manual, the 
Committee incorporates its advisory opinions issued under clause 3(a)(4) 
of rule XI, together with advisory opinions issued by the former Select 
Committee on Ethics, in its discussions of various ethical issues, 
including gifts, outside income, financial disclosure, staff rights and 
duties, official allowances and franking, casework considerations, 
campaign financing and practices, and involvement with official and 
unofficial organizations. The committee has also compiled a complete 
statement of the rules on gifts and travel, which supersedes Chapter 2 
of the 1992 House Ethics Manual (Gifts and Travel, 106th Cong., 2d 
Sess.).



Sec. 738. Former Select Committees on 
Ethics.

  In the 95th  Congress, the House established a Select Committee on Ethics 
and granted it exclusive legislative jurisdiction over bills that 
incorporated into permanent law provisions of House rules addressing 
financial ethics of Members, officers, and employees (H. Res. 383, Mar. 
9, 1977, pp. 6811-16). The Select Committee was also granted 
jurisdiction to promulgate implementing regulations and to issue 
advisory opinions. The resolution creating the Select Committee provided 
that it would expire on December 31, 1977, but the Committee and its 
functions ultimately were extended through the completion of its 
official business (H. Res. 871, Oct. 31, 1977, p. 35957). The advisory 
opinions compiled by the former Select Committee on Ethics have been 
incorporated in the House Ethics Manual (102d Cong., 2d Sess.).



  In the 105th Congress a new subparagraph (3) was added at the end of 
former clause 4(e) of rule X to establish a Select Committee on Ethics 
only to resolve an inquiry originally undertaken by the standing 
Committee on Standards of Official Conduct in the 104th Congress (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). The Select Committee filed one report to 
the House (H. Rept. 105-1, H. Res. 31, Jan. 21, 1997, p. ----).

  (q) Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.


[[Page 454]]



Sec. 739. Transportation and Infrastructure.

      (1)  Coast 
Guard, including lifesaving service, lighthouses, lightships, ocean 
derelicts, and the Coast Guard Academy.


      (2) Federal management of emergencies and natural disasters.

      (3) Flood control and improvement of rivers and harbors.

      (4) Inland waterways.

      (5) Inspection of merchant marine vessels, lights and signals, 
lifesaving equipment, and fire protection on such vessels.

      (6) Navigation and laws relating thereto, including pilotage.

      (7) Registering and licensing of vessels and small boats.

      (8) Rules and international arrangements to prevent collisions at 
sea.

      (9) The Capitol Building and the Senate and House Office 
Buildings.

      (10) Construction or maintenance of roads and post roads (other 
than appropriations therefor).

      (11) Construction or reconstruction, maintenance, and care of 
buildings and grounds of the Botanic Garden, the Library of Congress, 
and the Smithsonian Institution.

      (12) Merchant marine (except for national security aspects 
thereof).

      (13) Purchase of sites and construction of post offices, 
customhouses, Federal courthouses, and Government buildings within the 
District of Columbia.


[[Page 455]]

      (14) Oil and other pollution of navigable waters, including 
inland, coastal, and ocean waters.

      (15) Marine affairs, including coastal zone management, as they 
relate to oil and other pollution of navigable waters.

      (16) Public buildings and occupied or improved grounds of the 
United States generally.

      (17) Public works for the benefit of navigation, including bridges 
and dams (other than international bridges and dams).

      (18) Related transportation regulatory agencies.

      (19) Roads and the safety thereof.

      (20) Transportation, including civil aviation, railroads, water 
transportation, transportation safety (except automobile safety), 
transportation infrastructure, transportation labor, and railroad 
retirement and unemployment (except revenue measures related thereto).


      (21) Water power.


[[Page 456]]

mittee on Energy and Commerce; and adding subparagraph (2) and inserting 
the reference to inland, coastal, and ocean waters in subparagraph (14), 
as clarifying consolidations of formerly fractionalized subjects (sec. 
202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464). Clerical and stylistic changes 
were effected when the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress. 
The 106th Congress also adopted a substantive amendment to this 
provision deleting the prohibition against including a provision for a 
specific road in a bill providing for another specific road or in a 
general road bill (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).
  The Committee was created effective January 2, 1947, as a part of the 
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812), combining the 
Committees on Flood Control (created in 1916) (VII, 2069), Public 
Buildings and Grounds (created in 1837) (IV, 4231), Rivers and Harbors 
(created in 1883) (IV, 4118)), and Roads (created in 1913) (VII, 2065). 
The authority of the Committee to report as privileged bills authorizing 
the improvement of rivers and harbors was eliminated by the Committee 
Reform Amendments of 1974, effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d 
Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). At the same time the Committee's 
jurisdiction over parks in the District of Columbia was transferred to 
the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (now Resources); and it 
gained jurisdiction over transportation, including civil aviation 
(except railroads, railroad labor, and railroad pensions), over roads 
and the safety thereof, over water transportation subject to the 
jurisdiction of the Interstate Commerce Commission, and over related 
transportation regulatory agencies with certain exceptions. The 104th 
Congress changed the name of the Committee from Public Works and 
Transportation to Transportation and Infrastructure and expanded its 
jurisdiction by: adding subparagraphs (1), (6)-(8), (12), and (15) to 
reflect the transfer of those matters from the former Committee on 
Merchant Marine and Fisheries; adding subparagraph (4) and enlarging 
subparagraph (20) to reflect the transfer of those matters from the Com


[[Page 457]]

(July 11, 1995, p. 18397). The Committee on Government Reform, and not 
this Committee, has jurisdiction over a bill transferring real property 
administered by the Coast Guard where the bill explicitly waives the 
Federal Property and Administrative Services Act and directs the 
Administrator of General Services to convey the property (Oct. 2, 1998, 
p. ----).
  The Committee has jurisdiction over proposals establishing Treasury 
revolving funds for the Southeastern and Southwestern Power 
Administrations (July 2, 1959, p. 12629); directing the Secretary of the 
Army to provide school facilities for dependents of Corps of Engineers 
construction workers (June 17, 1968, p. 17429); conveying Corps of 
Engineers flood-control project lands (July 15, 1965, p. 17002) or 
naming reservoirs within such projects (Oct. 3, 1989, p. 22770) or 
allocating or limiting water use therefrom (Feb. 28, 1990, p. 2893); 
directing the Secretary of the Army to renew the license of an American 
Legion Post to use a parcel of land on a Corps of Engineer project (May 
10, 1988, p. 10282); authorizing construction of an annex to the 
National Gallery of Art by the Smithsonian Institution (Apr. 10, 1968, 
p. 9553); addressing the location and development of the J. F. Kennedy 
Center for the Performing Arts (Sept. 15, 1965, p. 23927; Oct. 21, 1965, 
p. 27803); transferring land under the control of the Corps of Engineers 
to Indian tribes (Jan. 29, 1976, p. 1577); amending the Interstate 
Commerce Act to regulate truck transportation (Feb. 24, 1976, p. 4109; 
Mar. 1, 1979, p. 3754); concerning the treatment of a U.S. air freight 
carrier by the Japanese Ministry of Transport pursuant to an 
understanding negotiated under the International Air Transportation 
Competition Act of 1979 (not a Trade Act matter) (July 28, 1988, p. 
19536); and over an executive communication amending Public Law 90-553, 
reported by the Committee, to authorize the transfer, conveyance, lease 
and improvement of, and construction on, certain property in the 
District of Columbia, for use as a headquarters site for an 
international organization, as sites for governments of foreign 
countries (Sept. 10, 1981, p. 20598). The Committee on Government Reform 
and Oversight (now Government Reform), and not this Committee, has 
jurisdiction over a bill renaming an existing post office building (Aug. 
4, 1995, p. 22085; Oct. 1, 1998, p. ----) and renaming an existing post 
office building that also housed a courthouse (Sept. 14, 2000, p. ----). 
However, this Committee, and not the Committee on Government Reform and 
Oversight (now Government Reform), has jurisdiction over a bill 
redesignating a general-purpose Federal building as a post office (Apr. 
24, 1997, p. ----). This Committee, and not the Committee on Ways and 
Means, has jurisdiction over a bill designating a customs building (Dec. 
12, 1995, p. 36165). The Committee on Resources, and not this Committee, 
has jurisdiction over a bill to validate certain conveyances of 
erstwhile public lands by a railway company

  The Committee has shared jurisdiction: with the Committee on Energy 
and Commerce over a bill amending the Solid Waste Disposal Act to 
provide for the cleanup of hazardous waste sites or discharges 
presenting a threat to human health and the environment, including 
navigable waters (Mar. 21, 1984, p. 6186); with the Committee on 
Government Operations (now Government Reform) over a bill to require the 
Administrator of General Services to convey certain real property (a 
Federal building) to the Museum for the American Indian and providing 
for renovation and alteration of the property (Oct. 28, 1987, p. 29685); 
with the Committee on House Administration over a bill authorizing the 
Smithsonian Institution to construct, expand, and renovate facilities at 
the Cooper-Hewitt Museum in New York (July 21, 1987, p. 20309), and over 
a bill authorizing appropriations to plan, design, construct, and equip 
museum space for the Smithsonian (July 18, 1991, p. 18830); with several 
other committees over bills to convert from a defense economy by, inter 
alia,  authorizing economic assistance for public works and economic 
development (June 24, 1991, p. 16021; June 11, 1992, p. 14470); and with 
the Committee on Education and Labor (now Education and the Workforce) 
over bills providing labor protections to workers, including airline 
employees, in the transportation industry (June 24, 1991, p. 16020; Feb. 
24, 1993, p. 3577).


  In the 101st Congress, the Committee reported a bill requiring a 
cooling-off period in a labor-management dispute between an airline and 
its unions under the Railway Labor Act (H.R. 1231, Mar. 13, 1989, p. 
4032).

  (r) Committee on Veterans' Affairs.

      (1) Veterans' measures generally.



Sec. 740. Veterans' Affairs.

      (2)  Cemeteries of the 
United States in which veterans of any war or conflict are or may be 
buried, whether in the United States or abroad (except cemeteries 
administered by the Secretary of the Interior).


      (3) Compensation, vocational rehabilitation, and education of 
veterans.

      (4) Life insurance issued by the Government on account of service 
in the Armed Forces.


[[Page 458]]

      (5) Pensions of all the wars of the United States, general and 
special.

      (6) Readjustment of servicemen to civil life.

      (7) Soldiers' and sailors' civil relief.


      (8) Veterans' hospitals, medical care, and treatment of veterans.


  This Committee was established January 2, 1947, as a part of the 
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812), and was vested 
with jurisdiction formerly exercised by the Committees on World War 
Veterans' Legislation (VII, 2077); Invalid Pensions (IV, 4258); and 
Pensions (IV, 4260). Jurisdiction over veterans' cemeteries administered 
by the Department of Defense was transferred from the Committee on 
Interior and Insular Affairs (now Resources) in the 90th Congress (H. 
Res. 241, Oct. 20, 1967, p. 29560). Vocational rehabilitation, except 
that pertaining to veterans, is under the jurisdiction of the Committee 
on Education and the Workforce. The Committee has jurisdiction over 
bills to amend the Soldiers and Sailors Civil Relief Act of 1940 to 
permit certain declarations of fact in lieu of affidavits (Feb. 4, 1959, 
p. 1812), and over bills to amend the Servicemen's and Veterans' 
Survivor Benefits Act relating to service-connected deaths of retired 
members of the uniformed services (May 18, 1959, p. 8273). Clerical and 
stylistic changes were effected when the House recodified its rules in 
the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  (s) Committee on Ways and Means.



Sec. 741. Ways and Means.

      (1)  Customs, collection 
districts, and ports of entry and delivery.


      (2) Reciprocal trade agreements.

      (3) Revenue measures generally.

      (4) Revenue measures relating to insular possessions.

      (5) Bonded debt of the United States, subject to the last sentence 
of clause 4(f).

      (6) Deposit of public monies.

      (7) Transportation of dutiable goods.

      (8) Tax exempt foundations and charitable trusts.


[[Page 459]]

payroll deductions and except work incentive programs).

      (9) National social security (except health care and facilities 
programs that are supported from general revenues as opposed to

  A select Committee on Ways and Means dates from 1789. It was made a 
standing committee in 1802. Originally it considered both revenue and 
appropriations, but in 1865 the appropriation bills were given to the 
Committee on Appropriations and certain other bills to the Committee on 
Banking and Currency (now Financial Services) (IV, 4020). Its 
jurisdiction was also amended on April 5, 1911 (p. 58), and further 
defined in the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812), 
which transferred the subject of recesses and final adjournments from 
this Committee to the Committee on Rules.

  By the Committee Reform Amendments of 1974, effective January 3, 1975, 
the Committee gained legislative jurisdiction over tax exempt 
foundations and charitable trusts (subpara. (8)), formerly within the 
jurisdiction of the Committee on Banking and Currency (now Financial 
Services), because of their impact on the economy, while it was released 
from: jurisdiction over health care and facilities programs supported 
from general revenues to the Committee on Energy and Commerce; 
jurisdiction over work incentive programs to the Committee on Education 
and Labor (now Education and the Workforce); jurisdiction over general 
revenue sharing to the Committee on Government Operations (now 
Government Reform); and jurisdiction over renegotiation to the Committee 
on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs (now Financial Services) (H. Res. 
988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470).

  The Committee's jurisdiction over the bonded debt of the United States 
(subpara. (5)) was made subject to the last sentence of clause 4(f) 
(former clause 4(g)) of rule X in the 96th Congress by Public Law 96-78 
(93 Stat. 589). Clerical and stylistic changes were effected when the 
House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).


[[Page 460]]

the Ways and Means Committee has traditionally exercised jurisdiction 
(May 20, 1980, p. 11862).
  The revenue jurisdiction of the Committee extends to such subjects as 
transportation of dutiable goods, collection districts, ports of entry 
and delivery (IV, 4026), customs unions, reciprocity treaties (IV, 
4021), revenue relations of the United States with Puerto Rico (IV, 
4025), the revenue bills relating to agricultural products generally, 
excepting oleomargarine (IV, 4022), and tax on cotton and grain futures. 
The Committee formerly had jurisdiction as to seal herds and other 
revenue-producing animals in Alaska but this jurisdiction was changed in 
the 68th Congress to the former Committee on Merchant Marine and 
Fisheries (VII, 1725, 1851). As exemplified by sequential referrals in 
the 96th Congress, the Committee has jurisdiction of reported bills 
creating major oilspill and hazardous waste trust funds in the Treasury, 
funded by assessments on all quantities of oil, petrochemical 
feedstocks, and other hazardous substances sold for sale, where the 
scope and size of the funds and the method of assessment (similar to an 
excise tax) represented the collection of general revenue to fund 
particular Federal activities, a type of financing mechanism over which

  The Committee has jurisdiction over subjects relating to the Treasury 
of the United States and the deposit of the public moneys (IV, 4028), 
but it failed to make good a claim to the subjects of ``national 
finances'' and ``preservation of the Government credit'' (IV, 4023). The 
Committee has jurisdiction over bills providing tax incentives for 
persons investing in Indian property (Feb. 1, 1964, p. 1582), providing 
unemployment compensation to individuals with military or Federal 
service (Apr. 28, 1976, p. 11590), providing extended and increased 
unemployment compensation (Apr. 16, 1975, p. 10346), and over private 
bills waiving provisions of the Tariff Act to require reliquidation of 
certain imported materials as duty-free (July 13, 1982, p. 16014). The 
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and not this Committee, 
has jurisdiction over a bill to designate a customs administrative 
building (Dec. 12, 1995, p. 36165). The Committee on the Budget, and not 
this Committee, has jurisdiction over a bill establishing a rule of 
sequestration under the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control 
Act (Dec. 15, 2000, p. ----). The Committee on the Budget has primary 
jurisdiction, and this Committee has additional jurisdiction, over a 
bill taking Social Security trust funds off budget (Dec. 15, 2000, p. --
--).

  The Committee has exercised jurisdiction, with the Committee on Energy 
and Commerce, over executive communications reporting on inpatient 
hospital services under title XVIII (medicare) and under title XIX 
(medicaid) of the Social Security Act (Dec. 21, 1982, p. 33261); with 
the Committee on Public Works and Transportation (now Transportation and 
Infrastructure) over executive communications proposing draft 
legislation reauthorizing the Surface Transportation Act but also 
containing a revenue title raising taxes to fund surface transportation 
programs (Mar. 20, 1986, p. 5804); with the former Committee on Merchant 
Marine and Fisheries (succeeded by the Committee on Resources) over a 
bill amending the Fishermen's Protective Act to authorize the President 
to prohibit the importation of any product from a country violating an 
international fishery conservation program (Mar. 21, 1989, p. 5077); and 
with three other committees over a bill imposing certain international 
economic sanctions including tariffs (May 27, 1992, p. 12658).



[[Page 461]]


General oversight responsibilities
  The Committee in the earlier practice reported resolutions 
distributing the President's annual message (IV, 4030), but since the 
first session of the 64th Congress this practice has been discontinued 
(VIII, 3350).



Sec. 742. General oversight.

  2. (a)  The various standing 
committees shall have general oversight responsibilities as provided in 
paragraph (b) in order to assist the House in--


      (1) its analysis, appraisal, and evaluation of--

          (A) the application, administration, execution, and 
effectiveness of Federal laws; and

          (B) conditions and circumstances that may indicate the 
necessity or desirability of enacting new or additional legislation; and

      (2) its formulation, consideration, and enactment of changes in 
Federal laws, and of such additional legislation as may be necessary or 
appropriate.

  (b)(1) In order to determine whether laws and programs addressing 
subjects within the jurisdiction of a committee are being implemented 
and carried out in accordance with the intent of Congress and whether 
they should be continued, curtailed, or eliminated, each standing 
committee (other than the Committee on Appropriations) shall review and 
study on a continuing basis--

      (A) the application, administration, execution, and effectiveness 
of laws and programs addressing subjects within its jurisdiction;


[[Page 462]]

      (B) the organization and operation of Federal agencies and 
entities having responsibilities for the administration and execution of 
laws and programs addressing subjects within its jurisdiction;

      (C) any conditions or circumstances that may indicate the 
necessity or desirability of enacting new or additional legislation 
addressing subjects within its jurisdiction (whether or not a bill or 
resolution has been introduced with respect thereto); and

      (D) future research and forecasting on subjects within its 
jurisdiction.



Sec. 743. Oversight subcommittees.

  (2)  Each committee to 
which subparagraph (1) applies having more than 20 members shall 
establish an oversight subcommittee, or require its subcommittees to 
conduct oversight in their respective jurisdictions, to assist in 
carrying out its responsibilities under this clause. The establishment 
of an oversight subcommittee does not limit the responsibility of a 
subcommittee with legislative jurisdiction in carrying out its oversight 
responsibilities.


  (c) Each standing committee shall review and study on a continuing 
basis the impact or probable impact of tax policies affecting subjects 
within its jurisdiction as described in clauses 1 and 3.


[[Page 463]]

  (d)(1) Not later than February 15 of the first session of a Congress, 
each standing committee shall, in a meeting that is open to the public 
and with a quorum present, adopt its oversight plan for that Congress. 
Such plan shall be submitted simultaneously to the Committee on 
Government Reform and to the Committee on House Administration. In 
developing its plan each committee shall, to the maximum extent 
feasible--

      (A) consult with other committees that have jurisdiction over the 
same or related laws, programs, or agencies within its jurisdiction with 
the objective of ensuring maximum coordination and cooperation among 
committees when conducting reviews of such laws, programs, or agencies 
and include in its plan an explanation of steps that have been or will 
be taken to ensure such coordination and cooperation;

      (B) review specific problems with Federal rules, regulations, 
statutes, and court decisions that are ambiguous, arbitrary, or 
nonsensical, or that impose severe financial burdens on individuals;

      (C) give priority consideration to including in its plan the 
review of those laws, programs, or agencies operating under permanent 
budget authority or permanent statutory authority; and

      (D) have a view toward ensuring that all significant laws, 
programs, or agencies within its jurisdiction are subject to review 
every 10 years.


[[Page 464]]

and otherwise to achieve the objectives of this clause.
  (2) Not later than March 31 in the first session of a Congress, after 
consultation with the Speaker, the Majority Leader, and the Minority 
Leader, the Committee on Government Reform shall report to the House the 
oversight plans submitted by committees together with any 
recommendations that it, or the House leadership group described above, 
may make to ensure the most effective coordination of oversight plans


  (e) The Speaker, with the approval of the House, may appoint special 
ad hoc oversight committees for the purpose of reviewing specific 
matters within the jurisdiction of two or more standing committees.



[[Page 465]]

Special oversight functions
  Clause 2(a), and the first requirement of clause 2(b)(1) that each 
standing committee shall review the application, etc. of all laws within 
its jurisdiction, was originally contained in section 118(b) of the 
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1140) and was made part 
of the standing rules on January 22, 1971 (H. Res. 5, p. 144). Effective 
January 3, 1975, general oversight responsibilities set forth in the 
remainder of the clause were incorporated into the rule (H. Res. 988, 
93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). On January 14, 1975, the size of 
those standing committees required by clause 2(b)(2) (former clause 
2(b)(1)) to establish an oversight subcommittee or to require its 
subcommittees to conduct oversight was increased from 15 to more than 20 
(H. Res. 5, 94th Cong., p. 20). In the 100th Congress the requirement 
that representatives from the Committee on Government Operations (now 
Government Reform) meet with other committees at the beginning of each 
Congress to discuss oversight plans and that that Committee report to 
the House its oversight coordination recommendations within 60 days 
after convening of the first session was deleted (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1987, p. 6). The 104th Congress added the requirement that each standing 
committee adopt by February 15 of the first session of a Congress its 
oversight plans for that Congress, such plans to be submitted to the 
Committees on Government Reform and Oversight (now Government Reform) 
and House Oversight (now House Administration). The Committee on 
Government Reform is required to report such plans to the House by March 
31, with recommendations to ensure coordination among committees. The 
104th Congress also added paragraph (e) to authorize the Speaker to 
appoint special ad hoc oversight committees to review matters within the 
jurisdiction of more than one standing committee (sec. 203(a), H. Res. 
6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 467). The 106th Congress deleted a provision added 
in the 104th Congress making consideration of resolutions funding each 
committee contingent on submission of its oversight plans to the 
committees specified; deleted the exception for the Budget Committee 
from the general oversight responsibilities listed in clause 2(b); 
effected clerical corrections to conform references to a renamed 
committee; and effected clerical and stylistic changes when the House 
recodified its rules (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Clause 
2(d)(1)(B) was added in the 107th Congress (sec. 2(e), H. Res. 5, Jan. 
3, 2001, p. ----).



Sec. 744. Special oversight.

  3.  (a) The Committee on 
Appropriations shall conduct such studies and examinations of the 
organization and operation of executive departments and other executive 
agencies (including an agency the majority of the stock of which is 
owned by the United States) as it considers necessary to assist it in 
the determination of matters within its jurisdiction.


  (b) The Committee on the Budget shall study on a continuing basis the 
effect on budget outlays of relevant existing and proposed legislation 
and report the results of such studies to the House on a recurring 
basis.

  (c) The Committee on Energy and Commerce shall review and study on a 
continuing basis laws, programs, and Government activities relating to 
nuclear and other energy and nonmilitary nuclear energy research and 
development including the disposal of nuclear waste.

  (d) The Committee on Education and the Workforce shall review, study, 
and coordinate on a continuing basis laws, programs, and Government 
activities relating to domestic educational programs and institutions 
and programs of student assistance within the jurisdiction of other 
committees.


[[Page 466]]

  (e) The Committee on Government Reform shall review and study on a 
continuing basis the operation of Government activities at all levels 
with a view to determining their economy and efficiency.

  (f) The Committee on International Relations shall review and study on 
a continuing basis laws, programs, and Government activities relating to 
customs administration, intelligence activities relating to foreign 
policy, international financial and monetary organizations, and 
international fishing agreements.

  (g) The Committee on Armed Services shall review and study on a 
continuing basis laws, programs, and Government activities relating to 
international arms control and disarmament and the education of military 
dependents in schools.

  (h) The Committee on Resources shall review and study on a continuing 
basis laws, programs, and Government activities relating to Native 
Americans.

  (i) The Committee on Rules shall review and study on a continuing 
basis the congressional budget process, and the committee shall report 
its findings and recommendations to the House from time to time.

  (j) The Committee on Science shall review and study on a continuing 
basis laws, programs, and Government activities relating to nonmilitary 
research and development.

  (k) The Committee on Small Business shall study and investigate on a 
continuing basis the problems of all types of small business.


[[Page 467]]

on an exclusive basis the sources and methods of entities described in 
clause 11(b)(1)(A).

  (l) The Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence shall review and 
study on a continuing basis laws, programs, and activities of the 
intelligence community and shall review and study

  The oversight authority conferred on the Committee on Appropriations 
in paragraph (a) (former clause 2(b)(3)) was first given that committee 
on February 11, 1943 (p. 884), continued by resolution of January 9, 
1945 (p. 135), and incorporated into permanent law in section 202(b) of 
the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, and made a part of the 
standing rules on January 3, 1953 (pp. 17, 24). The special oversight 
responsibilities of the Committee on the Budget set forth in paragraph 
(b) were made part of the rules effective July 12, 1974 by section 
101(c) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (88 Stat. 300). Paragraph 
(c) (former paragraph (h)) was added on January 4, 1977, upon the 
abolition of the legislative jurisdiction in the House of the Joint 
Committee on Atomic Energy (H. Res. 5, 95th Cong., pp. 53-70). The 
special oversight responsibilities of the Committee on Energy and 
Commerce over nuclear energy to all energy programs became effective 
January 3, 1981 (H. Res. 549, Mar. 25, 1980, pp. 6405-10). The oversight 
authority conferred on the Committee on Government Operations (now 
Government Reform) in paragraph (e) (former clause 2(b)(2)) was first 
made effective as part of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 
Stat. 812). In the 104th Congress conforming amendments to the special 
oversight functions of the Committees on Resources and Energy and 
Commerce were adopted to reflect the transfer of jurisdiction over 
nonmilitary nuclear energy from the Committee on Resources to the 
Committee on Commerce Energy and Commerce (H. Res. 254, Nov. 30, 1995, 
p. 35077). Paragraph (i) was added by section 226 of the Balanced Budget 
and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (P.L. 99-177). The remainder 
of the clause became effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., 
Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). This clause has been amended several times to 
conform references to renamed committees (H. Res. 89, Feb. 5, 1979, p. 
1848; H. Res. 549, Mar. 25, 1980, pp. 6405-10; H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1993, 
p. 49; sec. 202(b), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464; H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 
1997, p. ----; H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Clerical and stylistic 
changes were effected when the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, including the transfer to this clause of oversight functions 
of the Committees on Government Reform and Appropriations found in 
clause 2 (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). The oversight authority of 
the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence in paragraph (l) was 
added in the 107th Congress (sec. 2(f), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----
).


[[Page 468]]

gress to provide that the Speaker, the Majority and Minority Leaders, 
and the chairman and ranking minority member of the Committee on House 
Administration be informed of tie votes in that subcommittee (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 5, 1993, p. 49), but the paragraph was deleted entirely in the 
104th Congress (sec. 201(d), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 463).

Additional functions of committees
  Section 9 of the House Administrative Reform Resolution of 1992 (H. 
Res. 423, Apr. 9, 1992, p. 9040) added a paragraph in this clause 
creating a bipartisan Subcommittee on Administrative Oversight of the 
Committee on House Administration, to be chaired by the chairman of the 
Committee on House Administration and to be composed of members of the 
Committee on House Administration, one-half from the majority party and 
one-half from the minority party. The paragraph was rewritten in the 
103d Con



Sec. 745. Committee on Appropriations; budget 
hearings.

  4.  (a)(1)(A) The Committee on Appropriations shall, within 30 
days after the transmittal of the Budget to Congress each year, hold 
hearings on the Budget as a whole with particular reference to--


      (i) the basic recommendations and budgetary policies of the 
President in the presentation of the Budget; and

      (ii) the fiscal, financial, and economic assumptions used as bases 
in arriving at total estimated expenditures and receipts.

  (B) In holding hearings under subdivision (A), the committee shall 
receive testimony from the Secretary of the Treasury, the Director of 
the Office of Management and Budget, the Chairman of the Council of 
Economic Advisers, and such other persons as the committee may desire.


[[Page 469]]

nished to each Member, Delegate, and the Resident Commissioner.


Sec. 746. Procedure for budget hearings.

  (C)  A hearing under 
subdivision (A), or any part thereof, shall be held in open session, 
except when the committee, in open session and with a quorum present, 
determines by record vote that the testimony to be taken at that hearing 
on that day may be related to a matter of national security. The 
committee may by the same procedure close one subsequent day of hearing. 
A transcript of all such hearings shall be printed and a copy thereof 
fur



  (D) A hearing under subdivision (A), or any part thereof, may be held 
before a joint meeting of the committee and the Committee on 
Appropriations of the Senate in accordance with such procedures as the 
two committees jointly may determine.


-  (2) <> Pursuant to section 401(b)(2) of the Congressional 
Budget Act of 1974, when a committee reports a bill or joint resolution 
that provides new entitlement authority as defined in section 3(9) of 
that Act, and enactment of the bill or joint resolution, as reported, 
would cause a breach of the committee's pertinent allocation of new 
budget authority under section 302(a) of that Act, the bill or joint 
resolution may be referred to the Committee on Appropriations with 
instructions to report it with recommendations (which may include an 
amendment limiting the total amount of new entitlement authority 
provided in the bill or joint resolution). If the Committee on 
Appropriations fails to report a bill or joint resolution so referred 
within 15 calendar days (not counting any day on which the House

[[Page 470]]

is not in session), the committee automatically shall be discharged from 
consideration of the bill or joint resolution, and the bill or joint 
resolution shall be placed on the appropriate calendar.
  This part of clause 4 was originally contained in section 242(c)(1) of 
the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 and was made part of the 
standing rules in the 92d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). 
Paragraph (a)(1)(C), requiring open hearings, was first adopted in the 
93d Congress (H. Res. 259, Mar. 7, 1973, pp. 6713-20) and was amended in 
the 94th Congress to limit the effect of a vote to close a hearing to 
that day and one subsequent day (H. Res. 5, Jan. 14, 1975, p. 20). 
Clerical and stylistic changes were effected when the House recodified 
its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  (3) In addition, the Committee on Appropriations shall study on a 
continuing basis those provisions of law that (on the first day of the 
first fiscal year for which the congressional budget process is 
effective) provide spending authority or permanent budget authority and 
shall report to the House from time to time its recommendations for 
terminating or modifying such provisions.


  (4) In the manner provided by section 302 of the Congressional Budget 
Act of 1974, the Committee on Appropriations (after consulting with the 
Committee on Appropriations of the Senate) shall subdivide any 
allocations made to it in the joint explanatory statement accompanying 
the conference report on such concurrent resolution, and promptly report 
the subdivisions to the House as soon as practicable after a concurrent 
resolution on the budget for a fiscal year is agreed to.


[[Page 471]]

nally contained in section 302(b) of the Congressional Budget Act of 
1974 (P.L. 93-344, July 12, 1974) and was incorporated into this rule 
effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 
34470). It was amended by the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 (tit. XIII, 
P.L. 101-508) to conform to the enactment of title VI of the Budget Act. 
It was again amended by the Budget Enforcement Act of 1997 (sec. 10118, 
P.L. 105-33) to conform to the subsequent repeal of title VI. Clerical 
and stylistic changes were effected when the House recodified its rules 
in the 106th Congress, including the transfer of former paragraph (h) to 
this paragraph as new subparagraph (4) (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----
).

  Subparagraph (2) first became effective on July 12, 1974, by inclusion 
in section 401(b)(2) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (88 Stat. 
317), was incorporated into the rules effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 
988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470), was amended in the 95th 
Congress to correct an error in cross-reference (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 
1977, pp. 53-70), and was again amended in the 105th Congress to reflect 
the repeal of the collective definition of ``new spending authority'' 
and the revision of various remaining parts (Budget Enforcement Act of 
1997 (sec. 10116, P.L. 105-33). Subparagraph (3) was also contained in 
the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 in section 402(f), and was likewise 
incorporated into the rules effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d 
Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). The requirements of subparagraph (4) 
(former paragraph (h)) was origi

  (b) The Committee on the Budget shall--



Sec. 748. Budget.

      (1)  review on a continuing basis the 
conduct by the Congressional Budget Office of its functions and duties;


      (2) hold hearings and receive testimony from Members, Senators, 
Delegates, the Resident Commissioner, and such appropriate 
representatives of Federal departments and agencies, the general public, 
and national organizations as it considers desirable in developing 
concurrent resolutions on the budget for each fiscal year;

      (3) make all reports required of it by the Congressional Budget 
Act of 1974;

      (4) study on a continuing basis those provisions of law that 
exempt Federal agencies or any of their activities or outlays from 
inclusion in the Budget of the United States Government, and report to 
the House from time to time its recommendations for terminating or 
modifying such provisions;


[[Page 472]]

from time to time the results of such studies, together with its 
recommendations; and
      (5) study on a continuing basis proposals designed to improve and 
facilitate the congressional budget process, and report to the House


      (6) request and evaluate continuing studies of tax expenditures, 
devise methods of coordinating tax expenditures, policies, and programs 
with direct budget outlays, and report the results of such studies to 
the House on a recurring basis.


  Paragraph (b)(1) became a part of the rules on July 12, 1974 by 
enactment of section 101(c) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (88 
Stat. 300). Subparagraph (2), contained in section 301(d) of that Act, 
subparagraph (3), subparagraph (4), contained in section 606 of that 
Act, and subparagraph (5), contained in section 703 of that Act, all 
were made part of the rules effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d 
Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). Paragraph (b)(2) was amended in the 99th 
Congress by section 232 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit 
Control Act of 1985 (P.L. 99-177) to remove reference to the first 
concurrent resolution on the budget. Before the House recodified its 
rules in the 106th Congress, subparagraph (6) was found in former clause 
1(d)(5)(C) of rule X (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



Sec. 749. Government Reform.

  (c)(1)  The Committee on 
Government Reform shall--


      (A) receive and examine reports of the Comptroller General of the 
United States and submit to the House such recommendations as it 
considers necessary or desirable in connection with the subject matter 
of the reports;

      (B) evaluate the effects of laws enacted to reorganize the 
legislative and executive branches of the Government; and


[[Page 473]]

      (C) study intergovernmental relationships between the United 
States and the States and municipalities and between the United States 
and international organizations of which the United States is a member.


      (2) In addition to its duties under subparagraph (1), the 
Committee on Government Reform may at any time conduct investigations of 
any matter without regard to clause 1, 2, 3, or this clause conferring 
jurisdiction over the matter to another standing committee. The findings 
and recommendations of the committee in such an investigation shall be 
made available to any other standing committee having jurisdiction over 
the matter involved.


  Paragraph (c)(1) became effective January 2, 1947 as part of the 
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812). Paragraph (c)(2) 
was made a function of the Committee on Government Operations (now 
Government Reform) effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., 
Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). Paragraph (c)(2) was amended in the 107th 
Congress to delete the requirement that committees include oversight 
findings and recommendations by the Committee on Government Reform in 
their reports as was required under the former clause 3(c)(4) of rule 
XIII (sec. 2(l), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). The Committee was 
renamed in the 104th and 106th Congresses (sec. 202(b), H. Res. 6, Jan. 
4, 1995, p. 464; H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Clerical and 
stylistic changes were effected when the House recodified its rules in 
the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



Sec. 750. House Administration.

  (d)(1)  The Committee on 
House Administration shall--




Sec. 752. Direction of officers.

  (A)  provide policy 
direction for the Inspector General and oversight of the Clerk, 
Sergeant-at-Arms, Chief Administrative Officer, and Inspector General;



[[Page 474]]



Sec. 753. Acceptance of gifts.

  (B)  have the function of 
accepting on behalf of the House a gift, except as otherwise provided by 
law, if the gift does not involve a duty, burden, or condition, or is 
not made dependent on some future performance by the House; and


  (C) promulgate regulations to carry out subdivision (B).




Sec. 754. Approval of certain settlements.

  (2)  An employing 
office of the House may enter into a settlement of a complaint under the 
Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 that provides for the payment 
of funds only after receiving the joint approval of the chairman and 
ranking minority member of the Committee on House Administration 
concerning the amount of such payment.



[[Page 475]]

changes were effected when the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). The 107th Congress 
transferred the Committee's responsibilities with respect to enrolled 
bills (former paragraph (d)(1)(A)) to the Clerk (clause 2(d)(2) of rule 
II) (sec. 2(b), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).

  The Committee's duty to arrange for memorial services of Members was 
eliminated from the rules effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d 
Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). Former paragraph (d)(3) required the 
Committee to provide a committee scheduling service, which was provided 
through House Information Resources and was made mandatory on all 
committees and subcommittees in the 97th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 
1981, pp. 98-113). The requirement was stricken altogether when two 
provisions were added by section 10 of the House Administrative Reform 
Resolution of 1992 (H. Res. 423, 102d Cong., Apr. 9, 1992, p. 9040) to 
ensure the orderly transfer of functions and entities from elected 
officers to the Director of Non-legislative and Financial Services and 
to provide for policy direction and oversight of certain administrative 
officials and elected officers. However, the 107th Congress amended 
clause 4(d)(1) of rule X to remove the requirement that the Committee 
provide policy direction to such officials and officers except the 
Inspector General (sec. 2(g), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). In the 
104th Congress the rule was amended (1) to reflect the change in the 
name of the Committee on House Administration to the Committee on House 
Oversight and (2) to reflect the abolishment of the Director of Non-
legislative and Financial Services (sec. 201, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, 
p. 463). Later in the 104th Congress the provision for the acceptance of 
gifts was added as paragraph (d)(3) (H. Res. 250, Nov. 16, 1995, p. 
33434). In the 105th Congress paragraph (d) was redesignated as (d)(1), 
its former subparagraphs (1) through (3) were redesignated as (1)(A) 
through (1)(C), and a new paragraph (d)(2) was added to require approval 
by the Committee for monetary settlements of certain employment claims 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). The 104th Congress also prohibited 
the establishment or continuation of any legislative service 
organization (as that term had been understood in the 103d Congress) and 
directed the Committee on House Oversight (now House Administration) to 
take such steps as were necessary to ensure an orderly termination and 
accounting for funds of any legislative service organization in 
existence on January 3, 1995 (sec. 222, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 
469). Clerical and stylistic



Sec. 755. Annual appropriations.

  (e)(1)  Each standing 
committee shall, in its consideration of all public bills and public 
joint resolutions within its jurisdiction, ensure that appropriations 
for continuing programs and activities of the Federal Government and the 
government of the District of Columbia will be made annually to the 
maximum extent feasible and consistent with the nature, requirement, and 
objective of the programs and activities involved. In this subparagraph 
programs and activities of the Federal Government and the government of 
the District of Columbia includes programs and activities of any 
department, agency, establishment, wholly owned Government corporation, 
or instrumentality of the Federal Government or of the government of the 
District of Columbia.



  (2) Each standing committee shall review from time to time each 
continuing program within its jurisdiction for which appropriations are 
not made annually to ascertain whether the program should be modified to 
provide for annual appropriations.



[[Page 476]]


Budget Act responsibilities
  The provisions of this paragraph derive from section 253(c) of the 
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1140), and were made 
part of the rules in the 92d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 
144). Clerical and stylistic changes were effected when the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 
----).



Sec. 756. Concurrent resolution on Budget.

  (f)(1)  Each standing 
committee shall submit to the Committee on the Budget not later than six 
weeks after the President submits his budget, or at such time as the 
Committee on the Budget may request--


      (A) its views and estimates with respect to all matters to be set 
forth in the concurrent resolution on the budget for the ensuing fiscal 
year that are within its jurisdiction or functions; and

      (B) an estimate of the total amounts of new budget authority, and 
budget outlays resulting therefrom, to be provided or authorized in all 
bills and resolutions within its jurisdiction that it intends to be 
effective during that fiscal year.


  (2) The views and estimates submitted by the Committee on Ways and 
Means under subparagraph (1) shall include a specific recommendation, 
made after holding public hearings, as to the appropriate level of the 
public debt that should be set forth in the concurrent resolution on the 
budget.


[[Page 477]]

well as the first concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal 1981 
(H. Res. 642, Apr. 23, 1980, pp. 8789-90). The deadline for submitting 
views and estimates to the Budget Committee has changed several times 
(Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, sec. 232(c), 
P.L. 99-177; Budget Enforcement Act of 1997, sec. 10104, P.L. 105-33; H. 
Res. 5, 106th Cong., Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). A former paragraph 
directing standing committees to submit reconciliation recommendations 
to the Budget Committee was deleted in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----), but committees are still required to submit such 
recommendations under section 310 of the Congressional Budget Act of 
1974. Clerical and stylistic changes were effected when the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 
----). Paragraph (f)(2) was amended in the 107th Congress to reflect the 
repeal of former rule XXIII (``Statutory Limit on Public Debt'') (sec. 
2(s), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).

Election and membership of standing committees
  The requirements of paragraph (f)(1) were originally contained in 
section 301(c) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-344, 
July 12, 1974), and was incorporated into this rule effective January 3, 
1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). The requirement 
of paragraph (f)(2) that the Committee on Ways and Means include a 
specific recommendation as to the appropriate level of the public debt 
in its views and estimates submitted to the Committee on the Budget was 
added in the 96th Congress by Public Law 96-78 (93 Stat. 589) and was 
originally intended to apply to concurrent resolutions on the budget for 
fiscal years beginning on or after October 1, 1980. However, in the 96th 
Congress the provisions of that public law amending the Rules of the 
House were made applicable to the third concurrent resolution on the 
budget for fiscal year 1980 as




Sec. 757. Electing committees.

  5.  (a)(1) The standing committees 
specified in clause 1 shall be elected by the House within seven 
calendar days after the commencement of each Congress, from nominations 
submitted by the respective party caucus or conference. A resolution 
proposing to change the composition of a standing committee shall be 
privileged if offered by direction of the party caucus or conference 
concerned.



[[Page 478]]

In the 99th Congress the requirement for early election of standing 
committees within the first seven calendar days and the conferral of 
privileged status on resolutions from the party caucuses to change the 
composition of standing committees were added by section 227 of the 
Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (P.L. 99-177). 
Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 6 of rule X (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).

  The old rule entrusting the appointment of committees to the Speaker 
was adopted in 1789 and amended in 1790 and in 1860 (IV, 4448-4476). 
Committees are now elected on resolution offered from the floor (VIII, 
2171) and it is in order to move the previous question on each 
resolution (VIII, 2174). The resolution is not divisible (clause 5 of 
rule XVI), and is privileged (VIII, 2179, 2183). The requirement that 
nominations to standing committees be submitted by the respective party 
caucuses was made part of the rules effective January 3, 1975, by the 
Committee Reform Amendments of 1974 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 
1974, p. 34470). That same resolution also eliminated the designations 
in the rules of the numbers of Members comprising the standing 
committees, thereby permitting the House to establish committee size by 
the numbers of Members elected to each committee pursuant to this 
paragraph. The role of the party caucuses in presenting privileged 
resolutions to the House electing Members to committees is discussed in 
detail in Deschler's Precedents, vol. 4, ch. 17, sec. 9.



Sec. 758. Budget, composition of.

  (2)(A)  The Committee on 
the Budget shall be composed of members as follows:


      (i) Members, Delegates, or the Resident Commissioner who are 
members of other standing committees, including five who are members of 
the Committee on Appropriations and five who are members of the 
Committee on Ways and Means;

      (ii) one Member from the elected leadership of the majority party; 
and

      (iii) one Member from the elected leadership of the minority 
party.

  (B) Except as permitted by subdivision (C), a member of the Committee 
on the Budget other than one from the elected leadership of a party may 
not serve on the committee during more than four Congresses in a period 
of six successive Congresses (disregarding for this purpose any service 
for less than a full session in a Congress).


[[Page 479]]

the ranking minority member of the committee during one additional 
Congress.

  (C) A member of the Committee on the Budget who served as either the 
chairman or the ranking minority member of the committee in the 
immediately previous Congress and who did not serve in that respective 
capacity in an earlier Congress may serve as either the chairman or

  This paragraph (former clause 1(d) of rule X) was amended in the 96th 
Congress to relax the limitation on Members' service on the Budget 
Committee to three Congresses (from two) in any period of five 
successive Congresses, to exempt representatives from the party 
leaderships from the limitation, and to permit an incumbent chairman who 
had served on the Committee for three Congresses and as chairman for not 
more than one Congress to be eligible for reelection as chairman for one 
additional Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 1979, p. 8). It was again 
amended in the 100th Congress to eliminate as obsolete the words 
``beginning after 1974'' following ``any period of five successive 
Congresses'' as a measure of permissible terms of service on the 
Committee (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1987, p. 6). It was further amended in the 
101st Congress to permit, in that Congress only, a minority Member who 
had served on the Committee for three terms to run within his party's 
caucus for the position of ranking minority member and thus be able to 
serve on the Committee for one additional Congress, and to permit a 
Member elected as ranking minority member during his third term on the 
Committee to serve one additional term on the Committee should he be 
reelected as the ranking minority member (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1989, p. 
72). It was again amended in the 102d Congress to extend the waiver of 
the tenure restriction for the ranking minority member of the Committee 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1991, p. 39), but in the 103d Congress that 
provision was stricken as obsolete (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1993, p. 49). In 
the 104th Congress the limitation on a Member's service on the Committee 
was relaxed to four Congresses (from three) in any period of six 
successive Congresses, with the exception that a Member who has served 
as chairman or as ranking minority member during a fourth such Congress 
may serve in either capacity during a fifth, so long as he would not 
thereby exceed two consecutive terms as chairman or as ranking minority 
member (sec. 202(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former clause 1(d) of rule X (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). The 
tenure limitation of clause 5(a)(2)(B) was suspended during the 106th 
Congress (sec. 2(b), H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



[[Page 480]]


  In the 94th Congress the membership of the Committee was increased to 
25 (from 23), with 13 (rather than 11) members elected from committees 
other than Appropriations and Ways and Means (H. Res. 5, Jan. 14, 1975, 
p. 20). The membership was increased again in the 97th Congress to 30, 
with 28 from other standing committees and two from the respective 
leaderships (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1981, pp. 98-113), and again in the 98th 
Congress to 31 (unanimous-consent order, Feb. 7, 1983, p. 1791). The 
99th Congress amended this paragraph to remove any numerical limitation 
on the membership of the Committee (H. Res. 7, Jan. 3, 1985, p. 393).



Sec. 759. Committee on Standards of Official 
Conduct.

  (3)(A)  The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct shall be 
composed of 10 members, five from the majority party and five from the 
minority party.


  (B) Except as permitted by subdivision (C), a member of the Committee 
on Standards of Official Conduct may not serve on the committee during 
more than three Congresses in a period of five successive Congresses 
(disregarding for this purpose any service for less than a full session 
in a Congress).

  (C) A member of the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct may 
serve on the committee during a fourth Congress in a period of five 
successive Congresses only as either the chairman or the ranking 
minority member of the committee.

  (4)(A) At the beginning of a Congress, the Speaker or his designee and 
the Minority Leader or his designee each shall name 10 Members, 
Delegates, or the Resident Commissioner from his respective party who 
are not members of the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct to be 
available to serve on investigative subcommittees of that committee 
during that Congress. The lists of Members, Delegates, or the Resident 
Commissioner so named shall be announced to the House.


[[Page 481]]

sioner named under subdivision (A) should be assigned to serve on an 
investigative subcommittee of that committee, each of them shall select 
an equal number of such Members, Delegates, or Resident Commissioner 
from his respective party to serve on that subcommittee.

  (B) Whenever the chairman and the ranking minority member of the 
Committee on Standards of Official Conduct jointly determine that 
Members, Delegates, or the Resident Commis


  Prior to the 93d Congress, the rule that established the size of the 
Committee on Standards of Official Conduct at 12 members also required 
that six members be elected from the majority and six from the minority 
party. Effective in the 93d Congress, the ratio of the committee was 
codified in the first sentence of subparagraph (3)(A) (former clause 
6(a)(2)) (H. Res. 988, Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). The Ethics Reform Act of 
1989 added a sentence to limit service on the committee (P.L. 101-194, 
Nov. 30, 1989), which was amended in the 105th and 106th Congresses 
(sec. 2, H. Res. 168, Sept. 18, 1997, p. ----; H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, 
p. ----). A requirement that two members from each party rotate off the 
committee was adopted in the 105th Congress (sec. 2, H. Res. 168, Sept. 
18, 1997, p. ----), but was deleted in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Subparagraph (4) (former clause 6(a)(3)) was 
adopted in the 105th Congress (sec. 1, H. Res. 168, Sept. 18, 1997, p. 
----). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 6(a) of rule X (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). The 106th Congress also formally reduced the size of the 
committee to 10 members, which was the de facto size of the committee in 
the 105th Congress even though the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 required 
each party caucus to nominate seven Members (sec. 803(b), P.L. 101-194, 
Nov. 30, 1989; H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 482]]

the basis of nomination by that caucus or conference. The chairman of 
the relevant party caucus or conference shall notify the Speaker 
whenever a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner ceases to be a 
member of that caucus or conference. The Speaker shall notify the 
chairman of each affected committee that the election of such Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner to the committee is automatically 
vacated under this subparagraph.


Sec. 760. Party membership as basis for election.

  (b)(1) Membership on a standing committee during the course of 
a  Congress 
shall be contingent on continuing membership in the party caucus or 
conference that nominated the Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner 
concerned for election to such committee. Should a Member, Delegate, or 
Resident Commissioner cease to be a member of a particular party caucus 
or conference, that Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner shall 
automatically cease to be a member of each standing committee to which 
he was elected on


  (2)(A) Except as specified in subdivision (B), a Member, Delegate, or 
Resident Commissioner may not serve simultaneously as a member of more 
than two standing committees or more than four subcommittees of the 
standing committees.

  (B)(i) Ex officio service by a chairman or ranking minority member of 
a committee on each of its subcommittees under a committee rule does not 
count against the limitation on subcommittee service.

  (ii) Service on an investigative subcommittee of the Committee on 
Standards of Official Conduct under paragraph (a)(4) does not count 
against the limitation on subcommittee service.

  (iii) Any other exception to the limitations in subdivision (A) must 
be approved by the House on the recommendation of the relevant party 
caucus or conference.


[[Page 483]]

other subunit of a standing committee that is established for a 
cumulative period longer than six months in a Congress.

  (C) In this subparagraph the term ``subcommittee'' includes a panel 
(other than a special oversight panel of the Committee on Armed 
Services), task force, special subcommittee, or

  The requirement that membership on standing committees be contingent 
on continuing membership in a party caucus or conference, along with the 
mechanism for the automatic vacating of a Member's election to committee 
should his party relationship cease, was added to the rules in the 98th 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1983, p. 34). The limitation on full 
committee and subcommittee assignments was added in the 104th Congress 
(sec. 204, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 467; see H. Res. 11, Jan. 4, 
1995, p. 549). The exception for special service on an investigative 
subcommittee of the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct from the 
limitation on subcommittee service was added in the 105th Congress (sec. 
1, H. Res. 168, Sept. 18, 1997, p. ----). A technical correction was 
effected in the 106th Congress to conform references to a renamed 
committee (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


  The Speaker lays before the House communications relative to the 
removal of a Member from committee pursuant to this clause (see, e.g., 
Sept. 11, 1984, p. 24790; Feb. 22, 1989, p. 2500; May 10, 1995, p. 
12396; July 19, 1999, p. ----; Feb. 1, 2000, p. ----; Sept. 13, 2000, p. 
----). The Speaker also lays before the House a communication from a 
Member announcing a change in his party affiliation (Sept. 13, 2000, p. 
----). On one occasion there was a delay in laying the latter 
communication before the House, and the House by unanimous consent 
retroactively changed informational voting records from the date on the 
communication (Sept. 13, 2000, p. ----). The earlier practice was, and 
the most recent practice is, for the minority party to handle committee 
assignments for third-party Members (VIII, 2184-2185; H. Res. 11, Jan. 
4, 1995, p. 549). During the 102d and 103d Congresses, the majority 
leadership took that responsibility by separate resolution for a Member 
who had joined neither major party caucus (see H. Res. 45, Jan. 24, 
1991, p. 2171); however, during the 104th through 107th Congresses, when 
control of the House shifted, the minority leadership retained 
responsibility for the committee assignments of such third-party Member.


[[Page 484]]

chairman. Rank shall be determined by the order members are named in 
resolutions electing them to the committee. In the case of a permanent 
vacancy in the elected chairmanship of a committee, the House shall 
elect another chairman.


Sec. 761. Committee chairmen.

  (c)(1)  One of the members of 
each standing committee shall be elected by the House, on the nomination 
of the majority party caucus or conference, as chairman thereof. In the 
temporary absence of the chairman, the member next in rank (and so on, 
as often as the case shall happen) shall act as



  (2) A member of a standing committee may not serve as chairman of the 
same standing committee, or of the same subcommittee of a standing 
committee, during more than three consecutive Congresses (disregarding 
for this purpose any service for less than a full session in a 
Congress).

  The requirement that nominations for chairmen be submitted by the 
majority party caucus was made part of the rules effective January 3, 
1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). The sentence 
addressing temporary and permanent vacancies in chairmanships was first 
adopted on April 5, 1911 (VIII, 2201), and was continued in the 
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812). The 104th 
Congress added the sentence setting term limits for committee and 
subcommittee chairmen (sec. 103(b), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 462). 
Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 6(c) of rule X (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).


  In the 102d Congress a resolution included as a matter properly 
incidental to its election of the chairman of a standing committee a 
proviso that his powers and duties be exercised by the vice chairman 
until otherwise ordered by the House (H. Res. 43, Jan. 24, 1991, p. 
2169; Feb. 6, 1991, p. 3198). In the 103d Congress a privileged 
resolution, offered at the direction of the Democratic Caucus, 
authorized a named acting chairman to exercise the powers and duties of 
a chairman of a standing committee until otherwise ordered by the House 
(H. Res. 396, Mar. 23, 1994, p. 6093).



Sec. 762. Requirement for subcommittees.

  (d)(1)  Except as 
permitted by subparagraph (2), a committee may have not more than five 
subcommittees.



[[Page 485]]

priations may have not more than 13 subcommittees. The Committee on 
Government Reform may have not more than seven subcommittees.

  (2) A committee that maintains a subcommittee on oversight may have 
not more than six subcommittees. The Committee on Appro


  This paragraph was adopted in the 104th Congress (sec. 101(b), H. Res. 
6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 462), replacing a requirement that all standing 
committees having more than 20 members (except the Committee on the 
Budget) establish at least four subcommittees (H. Res. 5, Jan. 14, 1975, 
p. 20). In the 106th Congress the paragraph was amended to delete the 
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure from the list of 
exceptions to the general rule and to add a new exception for committees 
that maintain a subcommittee on oversight (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 
----). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 6(d) of rule X (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). Notwithstanding clause 5(d) the Committee on Government 
Reform was permitted to have not more than eight subcommittees during 
the 106th and 107th Congresses (sec. 2(d), H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 
----; sec. 3(c), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----); and the Committees 
on International Relations and Transportation and Infrastructure were 
permitted to have not more than six during the 107th Congress (sec. 
3(c), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).


  (e) The House shall fill a vacancy on a standing committee by election 
on the nomination of the respective party caucus or conference.


[[Page 486]]

104th Congress added paragraph (b)(2) (see Sec. 760, supra). Party 
caucuses or conferences have also placed restrictions on committee 
assignments. The role of the respective party caucus or conference in 
making nominations to fill vacancies in standing committees was made 
part of the rule in the 98th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1983, p. 34). 
Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 6(e) of rule X (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).
  This paragraph was first adopted in the 62d Congress (VIII, 2178). At 
the beginning of the 80th Congress it was amended to prevent a Member 
from serving on more than one standing committee, except that Members 
elected to serve on the Committees on District of Columbia or Un-
American Activities (renamed the Committee on Internal Security and 
jurisdiction redefined on Feb. 19, 1969, p. 3723) could be elected to 
serve on not more than two standing committees, and that Members of the 
majority party, serving on the Committee on Expenditures in the 
Executive Departments (changed to Committee on Government Operations 
July 3, 1952, p. 9217) or House Administration could be elected to serve 
on not more than two standing committees. This limitation was continued 
through the 80th, 81st, and part of the 82d Congresses until July 3, 
1952 (p. 9217) when it was modified so that Members elected to serve on 
the Committees on the District of Columbia, Government Operations, Un-
American Activities, or House Administration could be elected to serve 
on not more than two standing committees. It was restored to its 
original form by amendment on January 13, 1953 (p. 368) so that there 
was no limitation in House rules on the number of committees to which a 
Member may be elected until the


Expense resolutions
  Form of resolution electing a Member to a committee and fixing his 
rank thereon (Jan. 23, 1947, p. 536; H. Res. 157, May 25, 1995, p. 
14424). The House by unanimous consent fixed the relative rank of two 
Members on a committee where an error had been made on the original 
appointment (Jan. 20, 1947, p. 481). The House has filled a vacancy on a 
standing committee (H. Res. 43, Jan. 24, 1991, p. 2169) with a Member 
subsequently designated by his party caucus as ``temporary'' (in order 
to avoid caucus limitations on committee assignments) (Feb. 5, 1991, p. 
2814).



Sec. 763. Primary expense resolution.

  6.  (a) Whenever a 
committee, commission, or other entity (other than the Committee on 
Appropriations) is granted authorization for the payment of its expenses 
(including staff salaries) for a Congress, such authorization initially 
shall be procured by one primary expense resolution reported by the 
Committee on House Administration. A primary expense resolution may 
include a reserve fund for unanticipated expenses of committees. An 
amount from such a reserve fund may be allocated to a committee only by 
the approval of the Committee on House Administration. A primary expense 
resolution reported to <> the House 
may not be considered in the House unless a printed report thereon was 
available on the previous calendar day. For the information of the 
House, such report shall--



[[Page 487]]

lution for all anticipated activities and programs of the committee, 
commission, or other entity; and
      (1) state the total amount of the funds to be provided to the 
committee, commission, or other entity under the primary expense reso

      (2) to the extent practicable, contain such general statements 
regarding the estimated foreseeable expenditures for the respective 
anticipated activities and programs of the committee, commission, or 
other entity as may be appropriate to provide the House with basic 
estimates of the expenditures contemplated by the primary expense 
resolution.



Sec. 765. 
Additional expense resolution.

  (b) After the date of adoption by the House  of a primary expense resolution for a 
committee, commission, or other entity for a Congress, authorization for 
the payment of additional expenses (including staff salaries) in that 
Congress may be procured by one or more supplemental expense resolutions 
reported by the Committee on House Administration, as necessary. A 
supplemental expense resolution reported to the House may not be 
considered in the House unless a printed report thereon was available on 
the previous calendar day. For the information of the House, such report 
shall--


      (1) state the total amount of additional funds to be provided to 
the committee, commission, or other entity under the supplemental 
expense resolution and the purposes for which those additional funds are 
available; and


[[Page 488]]

commission, or other entity by means of the primary expense resolution.
      (2) state the reasons for the failure to procure the additional 
funds for the committee,

  (c) The preceding provisions of this clause do not apply to--



Sec. 766. Exception for certain initial 
funding.

      (1) a  resolution providing for the payment from committee salary 
and expense accounts of the House of sums necessary to pay compensation 
for staff services performed for, or to pay other expenses of, a 
committee, commission, or other entity at any time after the beginning 
of an odd-numbered year and before the date of adoption by the House of 
the primary expense resolution described in paragraph (a) for that year; 
or



      (2) a resolution providing each of the standing committees in a 
Congress additional office equipment, airmail and special-delivery 
postage stamps, supplies, staff personnel, or any other specific item 
for the operation of the standing committees, and containing an 
authorization for the payment from committee salary and expense accounts 
of the House of the expenses of any of the foregoing items provided by 
that resolution, subject to and until enactment of the provisions of the 
resolution as permanent law.


[[Page 489]]

to extend its applicability to all committees, commissions, and entities 
rather than just to standing committees. Paragraphs (a)-(c) were amended 
in the 104th Congress to institute biennial funding of committee 
expenses and to require that all committee staff salaries and expenses 
(including statutory staff) be authorized by expense resolution (sec. 
101(c), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 462). In the 105th Congress 
paragraph (a) was amended to permit a primary expense resolution to 
include a reserve fund for unanticipated expenses of committees (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). A technical correction to paragraphs (a) and 
(b) was effected in the 106th Congress to conform references to a 
renamed committee (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former clause 5 of rule XI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).
  Paragraphs (a)-(c) of this clause were contained originally in section 
110(b) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1140) and 
was added to the rules in the 92d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 
144). Effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, 
p. 34470), the authority of all committees to incur expenses, including 
travel expenses, was made contingent upon adoption by the House of 
resolutions reported pursuant to this clause (clause 1(b) of rule XI). 
The clause was amended in the 95th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, 
pp. 53-70)

  The Committee on Appropriations is not covered by this clause, but is 
reimbursed by funds in appropriation acts for expenses of examinations 
of estimates of appropriations in the field (31 U.S.C. 22a). An 
exemption from this clause for the Committee on the Budget was effective 
from the enactment of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 through the 
103d Congress.


  Based on the exception stated in paragraph (c), a resolution 
establishing a task force of members of a standing committee and 
providing for the payment of its expenses from the contingent fund of 
the House (now referred to as ``applicable accounts of the House 
described in clause 1(i)(1) of rule X'') was held not to be subject to a 
point of order under clause 5(a) for lack of report language detailing 
the funding provided, since the resolution was called up at the 
beginning of the session prior to consideration of a primary expense 
resolution for all committees for that calendar year (Feb. 5, 1992, p. 
1621).




Sec. 767. Funds for committee staffs; expense 
resolutions.

  (d)  From the funds made available for the appointment of 
committee staff by a primary or additional expense resolution, the 
chairman of each committee shall ensure that sufficient staff is made 
available to each subcommittee to carry out its responsibilities under 
the rules of the committee and that the minority party is treated fairly 
in the appointment of such staff.



[[Page 490]]

to take effect on the first day of the 94th Congress, the paragraph had 
required that each standing committee, upon request of a majority of its 
minority members, devote one-third of its staffing funds to the needs of 
the minority (H. Res. 988, Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). As originally 
adopted in the 92d Congress, the paragraph had required that the 
minority be accorded fair consideration in the appointment of committee 
staff (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). Before the House recodified 
its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former 
clause 5(d) of rule X (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  Paragraph (d) was adopted in the 104th Congress (sec. 101(c)(4), H. 
Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 462). A preceding form of the paragraph, first 
adopted in the 94th Congress, authorized the chairman and ranking 
minority member of a subcommittee each to appoint one staff member to 
the subcommittee (H. Res. 5, Jan. 14, 1975, p. 20). As adopted in the 
93d Congress


  (e) Funds authorized for a committee under this clause and clauses 7 
and 8 are for expenses incurred in the activities of the committee.


Interim funding
  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 2(n)(1) of rule XI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 
6, 1999, p. ----).



Sec. 768. Interim funding.

  7. (a)  For the period beginning at 
noon on January 3 and ending at midnight on March 31 in each odd-
numbered year, such sums as may be necessary shall be paid out of the 
committee salary and expense accounts of the House for continuance of 
necessary investigations and studies by--


      (1) each standing and select committee established by these rules; 
and

      (2) except as specified in paragraph (b), each select committee 
established by resolution.

  (b) In the case of the first session of a Congress, amounts shall be 
made available for a select committee established by resolution in the 
preceding Congress only if--


[[Page 491]]

      (1) a resolution proposing to reestablish such select committee is 
introduced in the present Congress; and

      (2) the House has not adopted a resolution of the preceding 
Congress providing for termination of funding for investigations and 
studies by such select committee.

  (c) Each committee described in paragraph (a) shall be entitled for 
each month during the period specified in paragraph (a) to 9 percent (or 
such lesser percentage as may be determined by the Committee on House 
Administration) of the total annualized amount made available under 
expense resolutions for such committee in the preceding session of 
Congress.

  (d) Payments under this clause shall be made on vouchers authorized by 
the committee involved, signed by the chairman of the committee, except 
as provided in paragraph (e), and approved by the Committee on House 
Administration.

  (e) Notwithstanding any provision of law, rule of the House, or other 
authority, from noon on January 3 of the first session of a Congress 
until the election by the House of the committee concerned in that 
Congress, payments under this clause shall be made on vouchers signed 
by--

      (1) the member of the committee who served as chairman of the 
committee at the expiration of the preceding Congress; or


[[Page 492]]

ber of the majority party in the present Congress.
      (2) if the chairman is not a Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner in the present Congress, then the ranking member of the 
committee as it was constituted at the expiration of the preceding 
Congress who is a mem

  (f)(1) The authority of a committee to incur expenses under this 
clause shall expire upon adoption by the House of a primary expense 
resolution for the committee.

  (2) Amounts made available under this clause shall be expended in 
accordance with regulations prescribed by the Committee on House 
Administration.


  (3) This clause shall be effective only insofar as it is not 
inconsistent with a resolution reported by the Committee on House 
Administration and adopted by the House after the adoption of these 
rules.

  This clause (former clause 5(f) of rule XI) was originally adopted in 
the 99th Congress to provide automatic interim funding for committees at 
the beginning of a Congress (H. Res. 7, Jan. 3, 1985, p. 393). 
Resolutions providing such interim funding had been routinely adopted at 
the convening of Congress before the adoption of this standing 
authority. In the 100th Congress, the provision was amended to make the 
automatic committee funding mechanism applicable to the first three 
months of the second session of a Congress, as well as the first 
session, and to authorize the Committee on House Administration to 
establish interim funding for any committee at a percentage lower than 9 
percent of the total annualized amount (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1987, p. 6). 
In the 104th and 106th Congresses technical corrections were effected to 
conform references to a renamed committee (sec. 202(b), H. Res. 6, Jan. 
4, 1995, p. 464; H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former clause 5(f) of rule XI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). 
Clerical corrections were effected in the 107th Congress (sec. 2(x), H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).



[[Page 493]]

Travel
  At its organization the 104th Congress suspended the operation of 
paragraph (f) in favor of special provisions for interim funding in 
light of its abolishment of three standing committees, its reduction in 
the overall number of committee staff, and its institution of biennial 
primary expense resolutions (sec. 101(c)(3), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 
462).



Sec. 769. Committee travel.

  8. (a)  Local currencies owned by the 
United States shall be made available to the committee and its employees 
engaged in carrying out their official duties outside the United States 
or its territories or possessions. Appropriated funds, including those 
authorized under this clause and clauses 6 and 8, may not be expended 
for the purpose of defraying expenses of members of a committee or its 
employees in a country where local currencies are available for this 
purpose.


  (b) The following conditions shall apply with respect to travel 
outside the United States or its territories or possessions:

      (1) A member or employee of a committee may not receive or expend 
local currencies for subsistence in a country for a day at a rate in 
excess of the maximum per diem set forth in applicable Federal law.

      (2) A member or employee shall be reimbursed for his expenses for 
a day at the lesser of--

          (A) the per diem set forth in applicable Federal law; or

          (B) the actual, unreimbursed expenses (other than for 
transportation) he incurred during that day.


[[Page 494]]

cost of transportation furnished, and funds expended for any other 
official purpose and shall summarize in these categories the total 
foreign currencies or appropriated funds expended. Each report shall be 
filed with the chairman of the committee not later than 60 days 
following the completion of travel for use in complying with reporting 
requirements in applicable Federal law and shall be open for public 
inspection.


Sec. 770. Travel reports.

      (3)  Each member or employee of 
a committee shall make to the chairman of the committee an itemized 
report showing the dates each country was visited, the amount of per 
diem furnished, the


  (c)(1) In carrying out the activities of a committee outside the 
United States in a country where local currencies are unavailable, a 
member or employee of a committee may not receive reimbursement for 
expenses (other than for transportation) in excess of the maximum per 
diem set forth in applicable Federal law.

  (2) A member or employee shall be reimbursed for his expenses for a 
day, at the lesser of--

      (A) the per diem set forth in applicable Federal law; or

      (B) the actual unreimbursed expenses (other than for 
transportation) he incurred during that day.

  (3) A member or employee of a committee may not receive reimbursement 
for the cost of any transportation in connection with travel outside the 
United States unless the member or employee actually paid for the 
transportation.


[[Page 495]]

officer, or employee of the House authorized under any standing rule.

  (d) The restrictions respecting travel outside the United States set 
forth in paragraph (c) also shall apply to travel outside the United 
States by a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner,

  Prior to the adoption of this clause (former clause 2(n) of rule XI) 
and of clause 1(b) of rule XI under the Committee Reform Amendments of 
1974, effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, 
p. 34470), each committee was given separate authority to incur expenses 
in connection with its investigations and studies, and certain 
committees were authorized to use local currencies for foreign committee 
travel, in resolutions reported from the Committee on Rules in each 
Congress. This clause was amended in the 95th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 
4, 1977, pp. 53-70) to clarify the availability of local currencies for 
travel outside the United States and its territories and possessions, to 
require reports within 60 days for use in complying with statutory 
reporting requirements, and to authorize the Committee on House 
Administration to recommend in expense resolutions expenses for foreign 
as well as domestic travel. This clause was further amended on March 2, 
1977 (H. Res. 287, 95th Cong., pp. 5933-53) to limit all travel expenses 
to the maximum per diem rate or actual, unreimbursed expenses, whichever 
is less. Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, 
this provision was found in former clause 2(n) of rule XI, except that 
the ``lame duck'' travel prohibitions formerly found in clause 2(n)(5) 
of rule XI and clause 8 of rule I were transferred to former rule XXV 
(redesignated as rule XXIV in the 107th Congress) (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).


Committee staffs
  Under section 502(b) of the Mutual Security Act of 1954 (22 U.S.C. 
1754), foreign local currencies owned or purchased by the United States 
may be used for foreign travel expenses by members or employees of 
standing or select committees when authorized by the chairman thereof, 
and by other Members or employees when authorized by the Speaker. 
Consolidated committee reports prepared on a quarterly basis, and 
individual reports required within 30 days after the travel involved, 
must be forwarded to the Clerk of the House and published in the 
Congressional Record.


[[Page 496]]

staff <> member appointed under this 
subparagraph shall be assigned to the chairman and the ranking minority 
member of the committee, as the committee considers advisable.


Sec. 771. Thirty professional staff.

  9.  (a)(1) Subject to 
subparagraph (2) and paragraph (f), each standing committee may appoint, 
by majority vote, not more than 30 professional staff members to be 
compensated from the funds provided for the appointment of committee 
staff by primary and additional expense resolutions. Each professional





Sec. 773. Minority.

  (2)  Subject to paragraph (f) whenever a 
majority of the minority party members of a standing committee (other 
than the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct or the Permanent 
Select Committee on Intelligence) so request, not more than 10 persons 
(or one-third of the total professional committee staff appointed under 
this clause, whichever is fewer) may be selected, by majority vote of 
the minority party members, for appointment by the committee as 
professional staff members under subparagraph (1). The committee shall 
appoint persons so selected whose character and qualifications are 
acceptable to a majority of the committee. If the committee determines 
that the character and qualifications of a person so selected are 
unacceptable, a majority of the minority party members may select 
another person for appointment by the committee to the professional 
staff until such appointment is made. Each professional staff member 
appointed under this subparagraph shall be assigned to such committee 
business as the minority party members of the committee consider 
advisable.



[[Page 497]]

Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1140), which increased 
the authorized maximum for professional staff from four to six and added 
the concept of minority staffing, was incorporated into the rules in the 
92d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). In the 93d Congress the 
maximum was increased from six to 18, the minority entitlement within 
that number was increased from two to six, a requirement that 
professional staff be appointed without regard to political affiliation 
was eliminated, and prohibitions against consideration of race, creed, 
sex, or age in the appointment of staff were added (H. Res. 988, Oct. 8, 
1974, p. 34470). An exemption for the Committee on the Budget was 
included in section 901 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (88 
Stat. 330), was later omitted under the Committee Reform Amendments of 
1974 (H. Res. 988, Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470), and was reinserted by the 
94th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 14, 1975, p. 20). The requirement added 
in 1975 that staff positions made available to subcommittee chairmen and 
ranking minority members pursuant to former provisions of clause 5 of 
rule XI be provided from staff positions available under this clause 
unless provided in a primary or additional expense resolution was 
eliminated in the 104th Congress (sec. 101(c)(5), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 
1995, p. 462). The 98th Congress added the Permanent Select Committee on 
Intelligence to the exception for the Committee on Standards of Official 
Conduct (H. Res. 58, Mar. 1, 1983, p. 3241). The 101st Congress added an 
exemption for the Committee on Rules (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1989, p. 72). 
The Ethics Reform Act of 1989 struck the antidiscrimination provisions 
as redundant (P.L. 101-194, Nov. 30, 1989). The 104th Congress 
eliminated the former distinction between professional and clerical 
staff, set the authorized maximum for committee staff under expense 
resolutions at 30, eliminated subcommittee entitlement to staff, and set 
the entitlement of the full committee minority within that number at 
one-third (sec. 101(c)(5), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 462). The 104th 
Congress also mandated that the total number of staff of House 
committees be at least one-third less than the corresponding total in 
the 103d Congress (sec. 101(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 462). Before 
the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was 
found in former clause 6 of rule XI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).
  This clause (former clause 6 of rule XI) had its origins in section 
202 of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812), which 
allocated up to four nonpartisan professionals to each committee other 
than Appropriations and specifically provided for clerical staff, and 
which was incorporated into the rules on January 3, 1953 (p. 24). 
Section 302(b) of the

  Additional staff of committees are authorized by the Committee on 
House Administration and agreed to by the House. There is no legal power 
to fill a vacancy in the clerkship of a committee after one Congress has 
expired and before the next House has been organized (IV, 4539). An 
assault upon the clerk of a committee within the walls of the Capitol 
was held to be a breach of privilege (II, 1629). The pay of clerks has 
been the subject of several decisions (IV, 4536-4538).


[[Page 498]]

Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970, sections 303 and 304 (2 U.S.C. 
72a(i) and (j)).



Sec. 774. Consultants and training.

  Committees  may, with the 
approval of the Committee on House Administration, procure the temporary 
or intermittent services of consultants and obtain specialized training 
for professional staff, subject to expense resolutions, under the




Sec. 775. Staff duties.

  (b)(1)  The professional staff 
members of each standing committee--


      (A) may not engage in any work other than committee business 
during congressional working hours; and

      (B) may not be assigned a duty other than one pertaining to 
committee business.



Sec. 776. ``Associate'' or ``shared'' staff.

  (2) Subparagraph (1) does not apply to staff designated by a 
committee  as 
``associate'' or ``shared'' staff who are not paid exclusively by the 
committee, provided that the chairman certifies that the compensation 
paid by the committee for any such staff is commensurate with the work 
performed for the committee in accordance with clause 8 of rule XXIII.


  (3) The use of any ``associate'' or ``shared'' staff by a committee 
shall be subject to the review of, and to any terms, conditions, or 
limitations established by, the Committee on House Administration in 
connection with the reporting of any primary or additional expense 
resolution.


  (4) This paragraph does not apply to the Committee on Appropriations.


[[Page 499]]

6 of rule XI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). A technical correction 
also was effected in the 107th Congress to conform a reference to a 
redesignated rule (sec. 2(s), H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 2001, p. ----).

  The Ethics Reform Act of 1989 prescribed that staff work be confined 
to committee business during congressional working hours but maintained 
exceptions for the Committees on the Budget and Rules (P.L. 101-194, 
Nov. 30, 1989). The 104th Congress eliminated exceptions by committee in 
favor of exceptions for ``associate'' or ``shared'' staff (sec. 
101(c)(5), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 462), and later also effected a 
technical correction (H. Res. 254, Nov. 30, 1995, p. 35077). A technical 
correction also was effected in the 106th Congress to conform references 
to a renamed committee (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Before the 
House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was 
found in former clause




Sec. 777. Pay.

  (c)  Each employee on the professional or 
investigative staff of a standing committee shall be entitled to pay at 
a single gross per annum rate, to be fixed by the chairman and that does 
not exceed the maximum rate of pay as in effect from time to time under 
applicable provisions of law.



  This provision (former clause 6(c) of rule XI) was derived from 
section 477(c) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 
1140) and was incorporated into the rules in the 92d Congress (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). Under the Committee Reform Amendments of 
1974, effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, 
p. 34470), the maximum salary was set at level V of the Executive 
Schedule, rather than at the highest rate of basic pay law (5 U.S.C. 
5332(a)), as specified in the 1970 Reorganization Act, and effective in 
the 95th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70), the authority 
for two professional staff to be paid at level IV of the Executive 
Schedule was added to the clause. Under section 311 of the Legislative 
Branch Appropriations Act, 1988 (2 U.S.C. 60a-2a), the maximum salary 
for staff members is now set by pay order of the Speaker. At the 
beginning of the 101st Congress, references to particular levels of the 
executive schedule were deleted (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1989, p. 72). In the 
104th Congress this paragraph was amended to reflect the elimination of 
the former distinction between ``professional'' and ``clerical'' staff 
(sec. 101(c)(5), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 462). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former clause 6 of rule XI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



[[Page 500]]




Sec. 778. Staff, Committee on Appropriations.

  (d)  Subject to 
appropriations hereby authorized, the Committee on Appropriations may 
appoint by majority vote such staff as it determines to be necessary (in 
addition to the clerk of the committee and assistants for the minority). 
The staff appointed under this paragraph, other than minority 
assistants, shall possess such qualifications as the committee may 
prescribe.



  This paragraph (former clause 6(d) of rule XI) derives from section 
202(b) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812), 
which was incorporated into the rules on January 3, 1953 (p. 24). The 
exemption was extended to the Committee on the Budget by section 901 of 
the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (88 Stat. 330). The reference to 
that committee was inadvertently omitted by the 93d Congress (H. Res. 
988, Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470) and reinserted by the 94th Congress (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 14, 1975, p. 20). The 104th Congress deleted the exemption 
for the Committee on the Budget (sec. 101(c)(5), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 
1995, p. 462). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, this provision was found in former clause 6(d) of rule X (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).




Sec. 779. Detailed employees.

  (e)  A committee may not 
appoint to its staff an expert or other personnel detailed or assigned 
from a department or agency of the Government except with the written 
permission of the Committee on House Administration.



  This paragraph was contained in section 202(f) of the Legislative 
Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812) and was incorporated into the 
rules on January 3, 1953 (p. 24). In the 104th and 106th Congresses it 
was amended to conform references to a renamed committee (sec. 202(b), 
H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 464; H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 501]]

cancy occurs on the professional staff when seven or more persons have 
been so appointed who are eligible to fill that vacancy, a majority of 
the minority party members shall designate which of those persons shall 
fill the vacancy.
  (f) If a request for the appointment of a minority professional staff 
member under paragraph (a) is made when no vacancy exists for such an 
appointment, the committee nevertheless may appoint under paragraph (a) 
a person selected by the minority and acceptable to the committee. A 
person so appointed shall serve as an additional member of the 
professional staff of the committee until such a vacancy occurs (other 
than a vacancy in the position of head of the professional staff, by 
whatever title designated), at which time that person is considered as 
appointed to that vacancy. Such a person shall be paid from the 
applicable accounts of the House described in clause 1(i)(1) of rule X. 
If such a va

  (g) Each staff member appointed pursuant to a request by minority 
party members under paragraph (a), and each staff member appointed to 
assist minority members of a committee pursuant to an expense resolution 
described in clause 6(a), shall be accorded equitable treatment with 
respect to the fixing of the rate of pay, the assignment of work 
facilities, and the accessibility of committee records.


  (h) Paragraph (a) may not be construed to authorize the appointment of 
additional professional staff members of a committee pursuant to a 
request under paragraph (a) by the minority party members of that 
committee if 10 or more professional staff members provided for in 
paragraph (a)(1) who are satisfactory to a majority of the minority 
party members are otherwise assigned to assist the minority party 
members.


[[Page 502]]

5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). Before the House recodified its rules in the 
106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 6 of rule XI 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). A clerical correction was effected 
in the 107th Congress (sec. 2(x), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).

  Paragraphs (f)-(h) (former clause 6(f)-(h) of rule XI) are derived 
from section 302(c) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 
Stat. 1140) and were incorporated into the rules in the 92d Congress (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). Effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 
93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470), conforming changes were made in 
paragraphs (f) and (h) to reflect increased minority professional and 
clerical staff permitted to committees under paragraphs (a) and (b) of 
this clause. In the 104th Congress paragraphs (f)-(h) were amended to 
reflect the elimination of the former distinction between 
``professional'' and ``clerical'' staff (sec. 101(c)(5), H. Res. 6, Jan. 
4, 1995, p. 462). The 104th Congress also mandated that the total number 
of staff of House committees be at least one-third less than the 
corresponding total in the 103d Congress (sec. 101(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 
4, 1995, p. 462). In the 105th Congress paragraph (f) was amended to 
update an archaic reference to the ``contingent fund'' (H. Res.




Sec. 780. Nonpartisan staff.

  (i)  Notwithstanding paragraph 
(a)(2), a committee may employ nonpartisan staff, in lieu of or in 
addition to committee staff designated exclusively for the majority or 
minority party, by an affirmative vote of a majority of the members of 
the majority party and of a majority of the members of the minority 
party.


  Section 202(a) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 
812), which was incorporated into the rules on January 3, 1953 (p. 24), 
required committee professional staffs to be appointed on a permanent 
basis without regard to political affiliation. The concept of minority 
staffing was added by section 302(b) of the Legislative Reorganization 
Act of 1970. Under the Committee Reform Amendments of 1974, effective 
January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470), 
paragraph (i) (former clause 6(i) of rule XI) was added to permit 
committees to employ nonpartisan staff upon an affirmative vote of the 
majority of the members of each party. In the 104th Congress it was 
amended to reflect the elimination of the former distinction between 
``professional'' and ``clerical'' staff (sec. 101(c)(5), H. Res. 6, Jan. 
4, 1995, p. 462). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, this provision was found in former clause 6(i) of rule XI (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


Select and joint committees


Sec. 781. Reports on staff.

  Effective  in the 95th Congress 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70), former clause 6(j) of rule XI, 
which was added on January 3, 1953 (p. 24) and which was contained in 
section 134(b) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1945, was 
deleted; that clause required committees to report semiannually to the 
Clerk, for printing in the Congressional Record, on the names, 
professions and salaries of committee employees.



[[Page 503]]

caucus or conference of which the Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner concerned was a member at the time of appointment. Should a 
Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner cease to be a member of that 
caucus or conference, that Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner 
shall automatically cease to be a member of any select or joint 
committee to which he is assigned. The chairman of the relevant party 
caucus or conference shall notify the Speaker whenever a Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner ceases to be a member of a party 
caucus or conference. The Speaker shall notify the chairman of each 
affected select or joint committee that the appointment of such Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner to the select or joint committee is 
automatically vacated under this paragraph.



Sec. 782. Party membership as basis for 
appointment.

  10. (a)  Membership on a select or joint committee appointed by 
the Speaker under clause 11 of rule I during the course of a Congress 
shall be contingent on continuing membership in the party



  This party membership requirement for select and joint committees, 
analogous to clause 5(b), was added in the 98th Congress (H. Res. 5, 
1983, Jan. 3, 1983, p. 34). Before the House recodified its rules in the 
106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 6(g) of rule X 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).




Sec. 783. Select and joint committee compliance.

  (b)  Each 
select or joint committee, other than a conference committee, shall 
comply with clause 2(a) of rule XI unless specifically exempted by law.


  Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, paragraph 
(b) was found in clause 2(a) of rule XI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. --
--). The extension of clause 2(a) requirements to select and joint 
committees was added to clause 2(a) when that rule was rewritten by the 
Committee Reform Amendments of 1974 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 
1974, p. 34470).


[[Page 504]]

lect Committee on Aging. That provision was stricken in the 103d 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1993, p. 49).

Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence


Sec. 784. Aging.

  A  paragraph (i) of former clause 6 of rule 
X was incorporated into the rules effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 
988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470), to provide for a permanent Se




Sec. 785. Permanent Select Committee on 
Intelligence.

  11. (a)(1) There is  established a Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence 
(hereafter in this clause referred to as the ``select committee''). The 
select committee shall be composed of not more than 18 Members, 
Delegates, or the Resident Commissioner, of whom not more than 10 may be 
from the same party. The select committee shall include at least one 
Member, Delegate, or the Resident Commissioner from each of the 
following committees:


      (A) the Committee on Appropriations;

      (B) the Committee on Armed Services;

      (C) the Committee on International Relations; and

      (D) the Committee on the Judiciary.

  (2) The Speaker and the Minority Leader shall be ex officio members of 
the select committee but shall have no vote in the select committee and 
may not be counted for purposes of determining a quorum thereof.


[[Page 505]]

  (3) The Speaker and Minority Leader each may designate a member of his 
leadership staff to assist him in his capacity as ex officio member, 
with the same access to committee meetings, hearings, briefings, and 
materials as employees of the select committee and subject to the same 
security clearance and confidentiality requirements as employees of the 
select committee under this clause.

  (4)(A) Except as permitted by subdivision (B), a Member, Delegate, or 
Resident Commissioner, other than the Speaker or the Minority Leader, 
may not serve as a member of the select committee during more than four 
Congresses in a period of six successive Congresses (disregarding for 
this purpose any service for less than a full session in a Congress).

  (B) A member of the select committee who served as either the chairman 
or the ranking minority member of the select committee in the 
immediately previous Congress and who did not serve in that respective 
capacity in an earlier Congress may serve as either the chairman or the 
ranking minority member of the select committee during one additional 
Congress.

  (b)(1) There shall be referred to the select committee proposed 
legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating 
to the following:

      (A) The Central Intelligence Agency, the Director of Central 
Intelligence, and the National Foreign Intelligence Program as defined 
in section 3(6) of the National Security Act of 1947.

      (B) Intelligence and intelligence-related activities of all other 
departments and agencies of the Government, including the tactical 
intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the Department of 
Defense.


[[Page 506]]

tion relates to a function or activity involving intelligence or 
intelligence-related activities.
      (C) The organization or reorganization of a department or agency 
of the Government to the extent that the organization or reorganiza

      (D) Authorizations for appropriations, both direct and indirect, 
for the following:

          (i) The Central Intelligence Agency, the Director of Central 
Intelligence, and the National Foreign Intelligence Program as defined 
in section 3(6) of the National Security Act of 1947.

          (ii) Intelligence and intelligence-related activities of all 
other departments and agencies of the Government, including the tactical 
intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the Department of 
Defense.

          (iii) A department, agency, subdivision, or program that is a 
successor to an agency or program named or referred to in (i) or (ii).

  (2) Proposed legislation initially reported by the select committee 
(other than provisions solely involving matters specified in 
subparagraph (1)(A) or subparagraph (1)(D)(i)) containing any matter 
otherwise within the jurisdiction of a standing committee shall be 
referred by the Speaker to that standing committee. Proposed legislation 
initially reported by another committee that contains matter within the 
jurisdiction of the select committee shall be referred by the Speaker to 
the select committee if requested by the chairman of the select 
committee.


[[Page 507]]

ity to the extent that such activity directly affects a matter otherwise 
within the jurisdiction of that committee.
  (3) Nothing in this clause shall be construed as prohibiting or 
otherwise restricting the authority of any other committee to study and 
review an intelligence or intelligence-related activ

  (4) Nothing in this clause shall be construed as amending, limiting, 
or otherwise changing the authority of a standing committee to obtain 
full and prompt access to the product of the intelligence and 
intelligence-related activities of a department or agency of the 
Government relevant to a matter otherwise within the jurisdiction of 
that committee.

  (c)(1) For purposes of accountability to the House, the select 
committee shall make regular and periodic reports to the House on the 
nature and extent of the intelligence and intelligence-related 
activities of the various departments and agencies of the United States. 
The select committee shall promptly call to the attention of the House, 
or to any other appropriate committee, a matter requiring the attention 
of the House or another committee. In making such report, the select 
committee shall proceed in a manner consistent with paragraph (g) to 
protect national security.


[[Page 508]]

United States or its interests. An unclassified version of each report 
may be made available to the public at the discretion of the select 
committee. Nothing herein shall be construed as requiring the public 
disclosure in such reports of the names of persons engaged in 
intelligence or intelligence-related activities for the United States or 
the divulging of intelligence methods employed or the sources of 
information on which the reports are based or the amount of funds 
authorized to be appropriated for intelligence and intelligence-related 
activities.
  (2) The select committee shall obtain annual reports from the Director 
of the Central Intelligence Agency, the Secretary of Defense, the 
Secretary of State, and the Director of the Federal Bureau of 
Investigation. Such reports shall review the intelligence and 
intelligence-related activities of the agency or department concerned 
and the intelligence and intelligence-related activities of foreign 
countries directed at the

  (3) Within six weeks after the President submits a budget under 
section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, or at such time as the 
Committee on the Budget may request, the select committee shall submit 
to the Committee on the Budget the views and estimates described in 
section 301(d) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 regarding matters 
within the jurisdiction of the select committee.

  (d)(1) Except as specified in subparagraph (2), clauses 8(a), (b), and 
(c) and 9(a), (b), and (c) of this rule, and clauses 1, 2, and 4 of rule 
XI shall apply to the select committee to the extent not inconsistent 
with this clause.


[[Page 509]]

determines that the testimony or evidence would endanger the national 
security.
  (2) Notwithstanding the requirements of the first sentence of clause 
2(g)(2) of rule XI, in the presence of the number of members required 
under the rules of the select committee for the purpose of taking 
testimony or receiving evidence, the select committee may vote to close 
a hearing whenever a majority of those present

  (e) An employee of the select committee, or a person engaged by 
contract or otherwise to perform services for or at the request of the 
select committee, may not be given access to any classified information 
by the select committee unless such employee or person has--

      (1) agreed in writing and under oath to be bound by the Rules of 
the House, including the jurisdiction of the Committee on Standards of 
Official Conduct and of the select committee concerning the security of 
classified information during and after the period of his employment or 
contractual agreement with the select committee; and

      (2) received an appropriate security clearance, as determined by 
the select committee in consultation with the Director of Central 
Intelligence, that is commensurate with the sensitivity of the 
classified information to which such employee or person will be given 
access by the select committee.


[[Page 510]]

it determines that national interest in the disclosure of classified 
information clearly outweighs any infringement on the privacy of a 
person.
  (f) The select committee shall formulate and carry out such rules and 
procedures as it considers necessary to prevent the disclosure, without 
the consent of each person concerned, of information in the possession 
of the select committee that unduly infringes on the privacy or that 
violates the constitutional rights of such person. Nothing herein shall 
be construed to prevent the select committee from publicly disclosing 
classified information in a case in which

  (g)(1) The select committee may disclose publicly any information in 
its possession after a determination by the select committee that the 
public interest would be served by such disclosure. With respect to the 
disclosure of information for which this paragraph requires action by 
the select committee--

      (A) the select committee shall meet to vote on the matter within 
five days after a member of the select committee requests a vote; and

      (B) a member of the select committee may not make such a 
disclosure before a vote by the select committee on the matter, or after 
a vote by the select committee on the matter except in accordance with 
this paragraph.

  (2)(A) In a case in which the select committee votes to disclose 
publicly any information that has been classified under established 
security procedures, that has been submitted to it by the executive 
branch, and that the executive branch requests be kept secret, the 
select committee shall notify the President of such vote.


[[Page 511]]

sons therefor, and certifies that the threat to the national interest of 
the United States posed by the disclosure is of such gravity that it 
outweighs any public interest in the disclosure.
  (B) The select committee may disclose publicly such information after 
the expiration of a five-day period following the day on which notice of 
the vote to disclose is transmitted to the President unless, before the 
expiration of the five-day period, the President, personally in writing, 
notifies the select committee that he objects to the disclosure of such 
information, provides his rea

  (C) If the President, personally in writing, notifies the select 
committee of his objections to the disclosure of information as provided 
in subdivision (B), the select committee may, by majority vote, refer 
the question of the disclosure of such information, with a 
recommendation thereon, to the House. The select committee may not 
publicly disclose such information without leave of the House.

  (D) Whenever the select committee votes to refer the question of 
disclosure of any information to the House under subdivision (C), the 
chairman shall, not later than the first day on which the House is in 
session following the day on which the vote occurs, report the matter to 
the House for its consideration.

  (E) If the chairman of the select committee does not offer in the 
House a motion to consider in closed session a matter reported under 
subdivision (D) within four calendar days on which the House is in 
session after the recommendation described in subdivision (C) is 
reported, then such a motion shall be privileged when offered by a 
Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner. In either case such a motion 
shall be decided without debate or intervening motion except one that 
the House adjourn.


[[Page 512]]

division (E), the Speaker may declare a recess subject to the call of 
the Chair. At the expiration of the recess, the pending question, in 
closed session, shall be, ``Shall the House approve the recommendation 
of the select committee?''.
  (F) Upon adoption by the House of a motion to resolve into closed 
session as described in sub

  (G) Debate on the question described in subdivision (F) shall be 
limited to two hours equally divided and controlled by the chairman and 
ranking minority member of the select committee. After such debate the 
previous question shall be considered as ordered on the question of 
approving the recommendation without intervening motion except one 
motion that the House adjourn. The House shall vote on the question in 
open session but without divulging the information with respect to which 
the vote is taken. If the recommendation of the select committee is not 
approved, then the question is considered as recommitted to the select 
committee for further recommendation.

  (3)(A) Information in the possession of the select committee relating 
to the lawful intelligence or intelligence-related activities of a 
department or agency of the United States that has been classified under 
established security procedures, and that the select committee has 
determined should not be disclosed under subparagraph (1) or (2), may 
not be made available to any person by a Member, Delegate, Resident 
Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House except as provided in 
subdivision (B).


[[Page 513]]

tion described in subdivision (A) available to a committee or a Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner, and permit a Member, Delegate, or 
Resident Commissioner to attend a hearing of the select committee that 
is closed to the public. Whenever the select committee makes such 
information available, it shall keep a written record showing, in the 
case of particular information, which committee or which Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner received the information. A Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner who, and a committee that, receives 
information under this subdivision may not disclose the information 
except in a closed session of the House.
  (B) The select committee shall, under such regulations as it may 
prescribe, make informa

  (4) The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct shall investigate 
any unauthorized disclosure of intelligence or intelligence-related 
information by a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or 
employee of the House in violation of subparagraph (3) and report to the 
House concerning any allegation that it finds to be substantiated.


[[Page 514]]

Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the 
House, it shall report its findings to the House and recommend 
appropriate action. Recommendations may include censure, removal from 
committee membership, or expulsion from the House, in the case of a 
Member, or removal from office or employment or punishment for contempt, 
in the case of an officer or employee.
  (5) Upon the request of a person who is subject to an investigation 
described in subparagraph (4), the Committee on Standards of Official 
Conduct shall release to such person at the conclusion of its 
investigation a summary of its investigation, together with its 
findings. If, at the conclusion of its investigation, the Committee on 
Standards of Official Conduct determines that there has been a 
significant breach of confidentiality or unauthorized disclosure by a

  (h) The select committee may permit a personal representative of the 
President, designated by the President to serve as a liaison to the 
select committee, to attend any closed meeting of the select committee.

  (i) Subject to the Rules of the House, funds may not be appropriated 
for a fiscal year, with the exception of a bill or joint resolution 
continuing appropriations, or an amendment thereto, or a conference 
report thereon, to, or for use of, a department or agency of the United 
States to carry out any of the following activities, unless the funds 
shall previously have been authorized by a bill or joint resolution 
passed by the House during the same or preceding fiscal year to carry 
out such activity for such fiscal year:

      (1) The activities of the Central Intelligence Agency and the 
Director of Central Intelligence.

      (2) The activities of the Defense Intelligence Agency.


[[Page 515]]

      (3) The activities of the National Security Agency.

      (4) The intelligence and intelligence-related activities of other 
agencies and subdivisions of the Department of Defense.

      (5) The intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the 
Department of State.

      (6) The intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the 
Federal Bureau of Investigation, including all activities of the 
Intelligence Division.

  (j)(1) In this clause the term ``intelligence and intelligence-related 
activities'' includes--

      (A) the collection, analysis, production, dissemination, or use of 
information that relates to a foreign country, or a government, 
political group, party, military force, movement, or other association 
in a foreign country, and that relates to the defense, foreign policy, 
national security, or related policies of the United States and other 
activity in support of the collection, analysis, production, 
dissemination, or use of such information;

      (B) activities taken to counter similar activities directed 
against the United States;

      (C) covert or clandestine activities affecting the relations of 
the United States with a foreign government, political group, party, 
military force, movement, or other association;


[[Page 516]]

a department, agency, bureau, office, division, instrumentality, or 
employee of the United States to pose, a threat to the internal security 
of the United States; and
      (D) the collection, analysis, production, dissemination, or use of 
information about activities of persons within the United States, its 
territories and possessions, or nationals of the United States abroad 
whose political and related activities pose, or may be considered by

      (E) covert or clandestine activities directed against persons 
described in subdivision (D).

  (2) In this clause the term ``department or agency'' includes any 
organization, committee, council, establishment, or office within the 
Federal Government.

  (3) For purposes of this clause, reference to a department, agency, 
bureau, or subdivision shall include a reference to any successor 
department, agency, bureau, or subdivision to the extent that a 
successor engages in intelligence or intelligence-related activities now 
conducted by the department, agency, bureau, or subdivision referred to 
in this clause.


  (k) Clause 12(a) of rule XXII does not apply to meetings of a 
conference committee respecting legislation (or any part thereof) 
reported by the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence.


[[Page 517]]

p. 39); (7) to make certain conforming changes (Budget Enforcement Act 
of 1997, sec. 10104, P.L. 105-33; H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----); (8) 
to increase the size of the Committee to not more than 18 members, of 
whom not more than 10 shall be of the same political party (sec. 2(h), 
H. Res. 5, 107th Cong., Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----); and (9) to make a 
clerical correction in a cross reference (sec. 2(x), H. Res. 5, 107th 
Cong., Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). Before the House recodified its rules in 
the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former rule XLVIII (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). By order of the House, the size of the 
Committee was increased for the 107th Congress to not more than 20 
members, of whom not more than 11 shall be of the same political party 
(Jan. 6, 2001, p. ----).


Sec. 786.

  This clause (former rule XLVIII) was  adopted in 
the 95th Congress (H. Res. 658, July 14, 1977, pp. 22932-49) and has had 
several technical amendments: (1) to change the size of the Select 
Committee from 13 to 14 members (H. Res. 70, 96th Cong., Jan. 25, 1979, 
p. 1023); (2) to reflect a change in the name of a committee (H. Res. 
89, 96th Cong., Feb. 5, 1979, p. 1848); (3) to change the size to not 
more than 16 members (H. Res. 33, 99th Cong., Jan. 30, 1985, p. 1271); 
(4) to change the size to not more than 17 members and to change the 
cross-reference in clause 7(c)(1) to include paragraph (a) or (b) (H. 
Res. 5, 100th Cong., Jan. 6, 1987, p. 6); (5) to change the size to not 
more than 19 members (H. Res. 5, 101st Cong., Jan. 3, 1989, p. 73) and 
to permit the Speaker to attend meetings and have access to information 
(H. Res. 268, Nov. 14, 1989, p. 28789); (6) to strike obsolete language 
relating to tenure restrictions in clause 1 and relating to the 
requirement for authorizations of appropriations in clause 9 (H. Res. 5, 
102d Cong., Jan. 3, 1991,


  More substantive amendments have been adopted as follows: (1) clause 4 
was amended to make former clause 6(c) of rule XI (current clause 9(c) 
of rule X) applicable to salaries of the staff of the Select Committee 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 1979, pp. 7-16); (2) paragraph (d) (former clause 
4) was amended to make an exception to the provisions of clause 2(g)(2) 
of rule XI (requiring a majority of the membership of a committee be 
present in order to vote to close a hearing) to allow the Select 
Committee to vote to go into executive session if a majority of the 
members present, there being in attendance the requisite number under 
the Select Committee rules for the purpose of taking testimony, 
determine that it is necessary to do so for national security reasons 
(but in no event to be determined by less than two members) (H. Res. 
165, Mar. 29, 1979, p. 6820); and (3) paragraph (d) (former clause 4) 
was amended to provide the Select Committee with permanent professional 
and clerical staff as provided by former clauses 6(a) and (b) of rule XI 
(current clauses 9(a) and (b) of rule X) (H. Res. 58, Mar. 1, 1983, p. 
3241).

  In the 104th Congress the rule was amended in several different 
respects: (1) to limit the size of the panel to 16, with no more than 
nine members from the same party; (2) to set the tenure limitation at 
four Congresses within a period of six Congresses, with exceptions for 
ongoing service as chairman or ranking minority member; (3) to make the 
Speaker (rather than the Majority Leader) an ex officio member of the 
panel (as opposed to his former free access to its meetings and 
information); (4) to clarify jurisdiction over the National Foreign 
Intelligence Program and the tactical intelligence and intelligence-
related activities of the Department of Defense; (5) to clarify staffing 
arrangements for the Speaker and the Minority Leader as ex officio 
members; and (6) to conform references to renamed committees (sec. 221, 
H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 469).


[[Page 518]]

Select Committee on Intelligence of the 94th Congress in the possession, 
custody, or control of the Clerk of the House.
  The resolution creating the Select Committee directed the committee to 
make a study with respect to intelligence and intelligence-related 
activities of the U.S. and to report thereon, together with appropriate 
recommendations, not later than the close of the 95th Congress (sec. 3, 
H. Res. 658; see H. Rept. 95-1795, Oct. 14, 1978), and transferred to 
the Select Committee all records, files, documents, and other materials 
of the

  The Select Committee has concurrent jurisdiction with the Committee on 
the Judiciary over bills concerning electronic surveillance of foreign 
intelligence (Nov. 4, 1977, p. 37070); concurrent jurisdiction with the 
Committees on Science, Space, and Technology (now Science) and Foreign 
Affairs (now International Relations) over a bill establishing a 
satellite monitoring commission (Mar. 15, 1988, p. 3847); and sole 
jurisdiction over a resolution of inquiry directing the Secretary of 
Defense to furnish to the House documents and information on Cuban or 
other foreign military or paramilitary presence in Panama or the Canal 
Zone (Apr. 6, 1978, p. 9105).

  Paragraph (g)(2) places restrictions on the Select Committee only with 
respect to the public disclosure of classified information in the 
possession of that committee, and does not prevent the House from 
determining to release any matter properly presented to it in secret 
session pursuant to clause 9 of rule XVII (former rule XXIX) (Feb. 25, 
1980, p. 3618).

  For a discussion of the role of the Permanent Select Committee on 
Intelligence in regulating access to the classified records of the 
former Select Committee on U.S. National Security and Military/
Commercial Concerns With the People's Republic of China, see Sec. 1112a, 
infra.





 
  In the 107th Congress the Select Committee was given oversight 
authority described in clause 3(l) of rule X (sec. 2(f), H. Res. 5, Jan. 
3, 2001, p. ----).

                                 Rule XI


In general
            procedures of committees and unfinished business



Sec. 787. Committee procedure.

  1.  (a)(1)(A) Except as provided 
in subdivision (B), the Rules of the House are the rules of its 
committees and subcommittees so far as applicable.



[[Page 519]]

  (B) A motion to recess from day to day, and a motion to dispense with 
the first reading (in full) of a bill or resolution, if printed copies 
are available, each shall be privileged in committees and subcommittees 
and shall be decided without debate.


  (2) Each subcommittee is a part of its committee and is subject to the 
authority and direction of that committee and to its rules, so far as 
applicable.

  Paragraph (a)(1) was first adopted December 8, 1931 (VIII, 2215), and 
amended March 23, 1955 (pp. 3569, 3585). In the 92d Congress (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144), paragraph (a)(2) was incorporated into the 
rules, together with the reference to subcommittees contained in 
paragraph (a)(1), having been contained in the Legislative 
Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1140). This clause was amended in 
the 99th Congress to allow a privileged motion in committee and 
subcommittee to dispense with the first reading of a measure where 
printed copies are available (H. Res. 7, Jan. 3, 1985, p. 393). Clerical 
and stylistic changes were effected when the House recodified its rules 
in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). See 
Jefferson's Manual at Sec. 412, supra, for the requirement that a bill 
or resolution be read in full upon demand, prior to being read by 
paragraphs or sections for amendment.


  Each committee may appoint subcommittees (VI, 532), which should 
include majority and minority representation (IV, 4551), and confer on 
them powers delegated to the committee itself (VI, 532) except such 
powers as are reserved to the full committee by the Rules of the House; 
but express authority has also been given subcommittees by the House 
(III, 1754-1759, 1801, 2499, 2504, 2508, 2517; IV, 4548).



Sec. 788. Investigative authority.

  (b)(1)  Each committee may 
conduct at any time such investigations and studies as it considers 
necessary or appropriate in the exercise of its responsibilities under 
rule X. Subject to the adoption of expense resolutions as required by 
clause 6 of rule X, each committee may incur expenses, including travel 
expenses, in connection with such investigations and studies.



[[Page 520]]

  (2) A proposed investigative or oversight report shall be considered 
as read in committee if it has been available to the members for at 
least 24 hours (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, or legal holidays except 
when the House is in session on such a day).

  (3) A report of an investigation or study conducted jointly by more 
than one committee may be filed jointly, provided that each of the 
committees complies independently with all requirements for approval and 
filing of the report.


  (4) After an adjournment sine die of the last regular session of a 
Congress, an investigative or oversight report may be filed with the 
Clerk at any time, provided that a member who gives timely notice of 
intention to file supplemental, minority, or additional views shall be 
entitled to not less than seven calendar days in which to submit such 
views for inclusion in the report.


  Paragraph (b)(1) was incorporated into the rules under the Committee 
Reform Amendments of 1974, effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d 
Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470), and, together with clauses 2(m) and 2(n) 
of rule XI, eliminated the necessity that each committee obtain such 
authority each Congress by a separate resolution reported from the 
Committee on Rules. Paragraphs (b)(2), (b)(3), and (b)(4) were added in 
the 105th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). Clerical and 
stylistic changes were effected when the House recodified its rules in 
the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).




Sec. 789. Printing and binding.

  (c)  Each committee may have 
printed and bound such testimony and other data as may be presented at 
hearings held by the committee or its subcommittees. All costs of 
stenographic services and transcripts in connection with a meeting or 
hearing of a committee shall be paid from the applicable accounts of the 
House described in clause 1(i)(1) of rule X.



[[Page 521]]

were effected when the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  Paragraph (c) was made part of the rules by the Committee Reform 
Amendments of 1974, effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., 
Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). In the 105th and 106th Congresses, it was 
amended to update a reference to the ``contingent fund'' (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----; H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Clerical and 
stylistic changes



Sec. 790. Activity reports.

  (d)(1)  Each committee shall 
submit to the House not later than January 2 of each odd-numbered year a 
report on the activities of that committee under this rule and rule X 
during the Congress ending at noon on January 3 of such year.


  (2) Such report shall include separate sections summarizing the 
legislative and oversight activities of that committee during that 
Congress.

  (3) The oversight section of such report shall include a summary of 
the oversight plans submitted by the committee under clause 2(d) of rule 
X, a summary of the actions taken and recommendations made with respect 
to each such plan, a summary of any additional oversight activities 
undertaken by that committee, and any recommendations made or actions 
taken thereon.

  (4) After an adjournment sine die of the last regular session of a 
Congress, the chairman of a committee may file an activities report 
under subparagraph (1) with the Clerk at any time and without approval 
of the committee, provided that--

      (A) a copy of the report has been available to each member of the 
committee for at least seven calendar days; and



[[Page 522]]


      (B) the report includes any supplemental, minority, or additional 
views submitted by a member of the committee.

  The provisions of paragraph (d)(1) were first made requirements of the 
rules in the 92d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144, 
incorporating the provisions of sec. 118(b) of the Legislative 
Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1140)), and effective on January 3, 
1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470) exemptions from 
the reporting requirements for the Committees on Appropriations, the 
Budget, House Administration, Rules, and Standards of Official Conduct 
were removed, so the paragraph from that point applied to all 
committees. The 104th Congress added paragraphs (d)(2) and (d)(3) to 
require that activity reports include separate sections on legislative 
and oversight activities, including a summary comparison of oversight 
plans and eventual recommendations and actions (sec. 203(b), H. Res. 6, 
Jan. 4, 1995, p. 467). Paragraph (d)(4) was added in the 105th Congress 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). Clerical and stylistic changes were 
effected when the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


Adoption of written rules
  Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995, the Committee on Rules 
is required to include in its activity report a separate item 
identifying all waivers of points of order relating to Federal mandates, 
listed by bill or joint resolution number and subject matter (sec. 
107(b), P.L. 104-4; 109 Stat. 63).



Sec. 791. Committee rules.

  2.  (a)(1) Each standing committee 
shall adopt written rules governing its procedure. Such rules--


      (A) shall be adopted in a meeting that is open to the public 
unless the committee, in open session and with a quorum present, 
determines by record vote that all or part of the meeting on that day 
shall be closed to the public;

      (B) may not be inconsistent with the Rules of the House or with 
those provisions of law having the force and effect of Rules of the 
House; and


[[Page 523]]

      (C) shall in any event incorporate all of the succeeding 
provisions of this clause to the extent applicable.


  (2) Each committee shall submit its rules for publication in the 
Congressional Record not later than 30 days after the committee is 
elected in each odd-numbered year.

  The requirement that standing committees adopt written rules was first 
incorporated into the rules in the 92d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 
1971, p. 144), having been included in the Legislative Reorganization 
Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1140). Under the Committee Reform Amendments of 
1974, clause 2(a) became effective in essentially its present form on 
January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). In the 
94th Congress it was amended to permit a record vote to close the 
committee meeting at which committee rules are adopted only on the day 
of the meeting (H. Res. 5, Jan. 14, 1975, p. 20). In the 102d Congress 
it was amended to allow a committee 30 days after the election of its 
members, rather than after the convening of the Congress, to publish its 
rules in the Congressional Record (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1991, p. 39). The 
provision requiring publication of committee rules in the Congressional 
Record derived from statute (2 U.S.C. 190a-2 (repealed 1979)). A court 
interpreted that statute to be mandatory in a case where a Senate 
committee failed to publish in the Record a rule regarding a quorum for 
the purpose of taking sworn testimony. In overturning a perjury 
conviction, the court held that the unpublished committee rule was not 
valid. United States v. Reinecke, 524 F.2d 435 (D.C. Cir. 1975). 
Clerical and stylistic changes were effected when the House recodified 
its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  Committees have historically adopted rules under which they function 
(I, 707; III, 1841, 1842; VIII, 2214). Committee rules are compiled by 
the Committee on Rules each Congress as a committee print. It is the 
responsibility of the committees, and not the House, to construe and 
enforce additional committee rules on the calling of committee meetings 
(Speaker Albert, July 22, 1974, pp. 24436-47). This provision requires a 
select committee to publish its adopted rules in the Record (June 25, 
1998, p. ----).


[[Page 524]]



Sec. 792. Committee procedure generally.

  Failure  to follow 
certain procedural requirements imposed on committees by this rule may 
invalidate committee actions. Violation of the requirements as to open 
meetings and hearings and other hearing irregularities improperly 
overruled (see clause 2(g)(5) of rule XI) or the prescribed committee 
procedures for reporting bills and resolutions (clause 2(h) of rule XI) 
may in some instances be the basis for a point of order in the House, 
resulting in the recommitment of the bill. However, a point of order 
does not ordinarily lie in the House against consideration of a bill by 
reason of defective committee procedures occurring prior to the time the 
bill is ordered reported to the House (Procedure, ch. 17, sec. 11.1).


  Many of the procedures applicable to committees derive from 
Jefferson's Manual, which govern the House and its committees in all 
cases to which they are applicable (clause 1 of rule XXVII). A committee 
may act only when together, and not by separate consultation and 
consent, nothing being the report (or recommendation) of the committee 
except what has been agreed to in committee actually assembled (see 
Jefferson's Manual at Sec. 407, supra). A measure before a committee for 
consideration must be read for amendment by section as in the House (see 
Jefferson's Manual at Sec. Sec. 412-414, supra), and reading of the 
measure and of amendments thereto must be in full. The procedures 
applicable in the House as in the Committee of the Whole (see 
Sec. Sec. 424 and 427, supra) generally apply to proceedings in 
committees of the House of Representatives, except that since a measure 
considered in committee must be read for amendment, a motion to limit 
debate under the five-minute rule in committee must be confined to the 
portion of the bill then pending. The previous question may only be 
moved on the measure in committee if the entire measure has been read, 
or considered as read, for amendment.

  Committees generally conduct their business under the five-minute rule 
but may employ the ordinary motions which are in order in the House, 
such as under clause 4 of rule XVI, and may also employ the motion to 
limit debate under the five-minute rule on a proposition which has been 
read.
Regular meeting days



Sec. 793. Committee meetings.

  (b)  Each standing committee shall 
establish regular meeting days for the conduct of its business, which 
shall be not less frequent than monthly. Each such committee shall meet 
for the consideration of a bill or resolution pending before the 
committee or the transaction of other committee business on all regular 
meeting days fixed by the committee unless otherwise provided by written 
rule adopted by the committee.
Additional and special meetings



[[Page 525]]

lution pending before the committee or for the conduct of other 
committee business, subject to such rules as the committee may adopt. 
The committee shall meet for such purpose under that call of the 
chairman.
  (c)(1) The chairman of each standing committee may call and convene, 
as he considers necessary, additional and special meetings of the 
committee for the consideration of a bill or reso


[[Page 526]]

Temporary absence of chairman
  (2) Three or more members of a standing committee may file in the 
offices of the committee a written request that the chairman call a 
special meeting of the committee. Such request shall specify the measure 
or matter to be considered. Immediately upon the filing of the request, 
the clerk of the committee shall notify the chairman of the filing of 
the request. If the chairman does not call the requested special meeting 
within three calendar days after the filing of the request (to be held 
within seven calendar days after the filing of the request) a majority 
of the members of the committee may file in the offices of the committee 
their written notice that a special meeting of the committee will be 
held. The written notice shall specify the date and hour of the special 
meeting and the measure or matter to be considered. The committee shall 
meet on that date and hour. Immediately upon the filing of the notice, 
the clerk of the committee shall notify all members of the committee 
that such special meeting will be held and inform them of its date and 
hour and the measure or matter to be considered. Only the measure or 
matter specified in that notice may be considered at that special 
meeting.


  (d) A member of the majority party on each standing committee or 
subcommittee thereof shall be designated by the chairman of the full 
committee as the vice chairman of the committee or subcommittee, as the 
case may be, and shall preside during the absence of the chairman from 
any meeting. If the chairman and vice chairman of a committee or 
subcommittee are not present at any meeting of the committee or 
subcommittee, the ranking majority member who is present shall preside 
at that meeting.

  Paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) were first adopted on December 8, 1931 
(VIII, 2208), were amended on January 3, 1953 (p. 24), and were revised 
both by the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1140) and 
in the 92d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). In the 102d 
Congress paragraph (d) was amended to provide that the ranking majority 
Member of each committee and subcommittee be designated as its vice 
chairman (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1991, p. 39). In the 104th Congress 
paragraph (d) was amended to permit the chairman of a full committee to 
designate vice chairmen of the committee and its subcommittees (sec. 
223(c), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 477). Clerical and stylistic changes 
were effected when the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  A committee scheduled to meet on stated days, when convened on such 
day with a quorum present may proceed to the transaction of business 
regardless of the absence of the chairman (VIII, 2213, 2214). A 
committee meeting being adjourned for lack of a quorum, a majority of 
the members of the committee may not, without the consent of the 
chairman, call a meeting of the committee on the same day (VIII, 2213).
Committee records



Sec. 794. Required records.

  (e)(1)(A)  Each committee shall keep 
a complete record of all committee action which shall include--



[[Page 527]]

pographical corrections authorized by the person making the remarks 
involved; and
      (i) in the case of a meeting or hearing transcript, a 
substantially verbatim account of remarks actually made during the 
proceedings, subject only to technical, grammatical, and ty

      (ii) a record of the votes on any question on which a record vote 
is demanded.



Sec. 795. Public availability.

  (B)(i)  Except as provided in 
subdivision (B)(ii) and subject to paragraph (k)(7), the result of each 
such record vote shall be made available by the committee for inspection 
by the public at reasonable times in its offices. Information so 
available for public inspection shall include a description of the 
amendment, motion, order, or other proposition, the name of each member 
voting for and each member voting against such amendment, motion, order, 
or proposition, and the names of those members of the committee present 
but not voting.


  (ii) The result of any record vote taken in executive session in the 
Committee on Standards of Official Conduct may not be made available for 
inspection by the public without an affirmative vote of a majority of 
the members of the committee.


[[Page 528]]



Sec. 796. Committee files.

  (2)(A)  Except as provided in 
subdivision (B), all committee hearings, records, data, charts, and 
files shall be kept separate and distinct from the congressional office 
records of the member serving as its chairman. Such records shall be the 
property of the House, and each Member, Delegate, and the Resident 
Commissioner shall have access thereto.


  (B) A Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner, other than members 
of the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, may not have access 
to the records of that committee respecting the conduct of a Member, 
Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House 
without the specific prior permission of that committee.

  (3) Each committee shall include in its rules standards for 
availability of records of the committee delivered to the Archivist of 
the United States under rule VII. Such standards shall specify 
procedures for orders of the committee under clause 3(b)(3) and clause 
4(b) of rule VII, including a requirement that nonavailability of a 
record for a period longer than the period otherwise applicable under 
that rule shall be approved by vote of the committee.


  (4) Each committee shall make its publications available in electronic 
form to the maximum extent feasible.


[[Page 529]]

XI was amended to permit proxies in committee, and this paragraph was 
likewise amended to reinsert the requirement of availability for public 
inspection (H. Res. 5, Jan. 14, 1975, p. 20). When proxy voting was 
again eliminated in the 104th Congress, the reference thereto in the 
third sentence of paragraph (e)(1) was deleted (sec. 104(b), H. Res. 6, 
Jan. 4, 1995, p. 463). Paragraph (e)(2) derives from section 202(d) of 
the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812), was made a 
part of the rules in the 83d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1953, p. 24), 
and was amended in the 95th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-
70) to restrict the access of Members to certain records of the 
Committee on Standards of Official Conduct. Paragraph (e)(3) was added 
in the 101st Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1989, p. 72). Paragraph (e)(4) 
was added in the 105th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). 
Clerical and stylistic changes were effected when the House recodified 
its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).
  The first sentence of paragraph (e)(1) was rewritten entirely in the 
104th Congress (sec. 206, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 475). Its 
predecessor, requiring a complete record of all committee actions, 
including votes on any question on which a roll call was demanded, was 
enacted as section 133(b) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 
(60 Stat. 812) and made part of the standing rules on January 3, 1953 
(p. 24). The requirement that committee roll calls be subject to public 
inspection was added by section 104(b) of the Legislative Reorganization 
Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1140) and made a part of the rules in the 92d 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). The qualified exception for 
the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct from the requirement of 
public availability of record votes was added in the 105th Congress 
(sec. 8, H. Res. 168, Sept. 18, 1997, p. ----). Effective on January 3, 
1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470), the requirement 
that proxy votes in committee be made available for public inspection 
was eliminated from this paragraph since proxies were prohibited as of 
that date, but in the 94th Congress clause 2(f) of rule

  A Member's right to access to committee records under this clause does 
not entitle him to make photostatic copies of such records (Speaker 
Rayburn, Aug. 14, 1957, pp. 14737-39), and such records may not be 
brought into the well of the House if the committee has not authorized 
such action (Speaker Rayburn, June 3, 1960, p. 11820). Furthermore, such 
access allows a Member to examine executive session materials only in 
committee rooms and does not permit a Member to copy or to take personal 
notes from such materials, to keep such notes or copies in his personal 
office files, or to release such materials to the public without the 
consent of the committee or subcommittee under clause 2(k)(7) of rule XI 
(Speaker O'Neill, Dec. 6, 1977, pp. 38470-73). This clause allowing all 
Members access to committee records and materials which are the property 
of the House does not necessarily apply to records within the possession 
of the executive branch which the members of the committee have been 
allowed to examine under limited conditions at the discretion of the 
executive agency in possession of such materials (Speaker O'Neill, July 
31, 1980, p. 20765). Also, this clause does not apply to records (an 
executive communication not yet referred to committee) in the possession 
of the House (Sept. 9, 1998, p. ----). In the 105th Congress the House 
adopted a resolution restricting Members' access to documents received 
from an independent counsel (said to relate to possible grounds for 
impeachment of the President) and referred to the Committee on the 
Judiciary (H. Res. 525, Sept. 11, 1998, p. ----). Compare this clause 
with clause 11(g)(3) of rule X, which only permits access of nonmembers 
of the Select Committee on Intelligence to classified information in the 
possession of that committee when authorized by that committee.


[[Page 530]]

15). A resolution directing a standing committee to release executive-
session material referred to it as such by special rule of the House was 
held to propose a change in the rules and, therefore, not to constitute 
a question of the privileges of the House under rule IX (Sept. 23, 1998, 
p. ----).
  While all Members have access to committee records under this clause, 
testimony or evidence taken in executive sessions of a committee is 
under the control and subject to the regulation of the committee and, 
under clause 2(k)(7) of rule XI (Sec. 803, infra), cannot be released 
without the consent of the committee (June 26, 1961, p. 11233; see also 
Procedure, ch. 17, sec.


Prohibition against proxy voting
  In implementing clause 2(e), committees may prescribe regulations to 
govern the manner of access to their records, such as requiring 
examination only in committee rooms. See, for example, the rules of the 
Committees on the Budget, International Relations, and Armed Services, 
as compiled by the Committee on Rules.




Sec. 797. Ban on proxies.

  (f)  A vote by a member of a committee 
or subcommittee with respect to any measure or matter may not be cast by 
proxy.


  The 104th Congress adopted paragraph (f) in this form (sec. 104, H. 
Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 463). An earlier form of the provision was 
enacted as section 106(b) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 
(84 Stat. 1140) and made part of the standing rules in the 92d Congress 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). Clerical and stylistic changes were 
effected when the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


Open meetings and hearings
  The original form of this paragraph permitted committees to adopt 
written rules permitting proxies in writing, designating the persons to 
execute them and specifying the measures or matters to which they 
applied. Effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 
1974, p. 34470), proxies in committee were prohibited, but in the 94th 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 14, 1975, p. 20), the rule was amended to 
permit proxies in committees with additional restrictions requiring an 
assertion that the grantor was absent on official business or otherwise 
unable to attend, requiring the Member to sign and date the proxy, and 
permitting general proxies for procedural matters.


[[Page 531]]

coverage, except when the committee or subcommittee, in open session and 
with a majority present, determines by record vote that all or part of 
the remainder of the meeting on that day shall be in executive session 
because disclosure of matters to be considered would endanger national 
security, would compromise sensitive law enforcement information, would 
tend to defame, degrade, or incriminate any person, or otherwise would 
violate a law or rule of the House. Persons, other than members of the 
committee and such noncommittee Members, Delegates, Resident 
Commissioner, congressional staff, or departmental representatives as 
the committee may authorize, may not be present at a business or markup 
session that is held in executive session. This subparagraph does not 
apply to open committee hearings, which are governed by clause 4(a)(1) 
of rule X or by subparagraph (2).


Sec. 798. Open meetings and hearings.

  (g)(1)  Each meeting for 
the transaction of business, including the markup of legislation, by a 
standing committee or subcommittee thereof (other than the Committee on 
Standards of Official Conduct or its subcommittees) shall be open to the 
public, including to radio, television, and still photography



[[Page 532]]

  (2)(A) Each hearing conducted by a committee or subcommittee (other 
than the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct or its 
subcommittees) shall be open to the public, including to radio, 
television, and still photography coverage, except when the committee or 
subcommittee, in open session and with a majority present, determines by 
record vote that all or part of the remainder of that hearing on that 
day shall be closed to the public because disclosure of testimony, 
evidence, or other matters to be considered would endanger national 
security, would compromise sensitive law enforcement information, or 
would violate a law or rule of the House.

  (B) Notwithstanding the requirements of subdivision (A), in the 
presence of the number of members required under the rules of the 
committee for the purpose of taking testimony, a majority of those 
present may--

      (i) agree to close the hearing for the sole purpose of discussing 
whether testimony or evidence to be received would endanger national 
security, would compromise sensitive law enforcement information, or 
would violate clause 2(k)(5); or

      (ii) agree to close the hearing as provided in clause 2(k)(5).

  (C) A Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not be excluded 
from non-
participatory attendance at a hearing of a committee or subcommittee 
(other than the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct or its 
subcommittees) unless the House by majority vote authorizes a particular 
committee or subcommittee, for purposes of a particular series of 
hearings on a particular article of legislation or on a particular 
subject of investigation, to close its hearings to Members, Delegates, 
and the Resident Commissioner by the same procedures specified in this 
subparagraph for closing hearings to the public.


[[Page 533]]

ligence, and the subcommittees thereof, may vote by the same procedure 
to close up to five additional, consecutive days of hearings.
  (D) The committee or subcommittee may vote by the same procedure 
described in this subparagraph to close one subsequent day of hearing, 
except that the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed 
Services, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intel

  (3) The chairman of each committee (other than the Committee on Rules) 
shall make public announcement of the date, place, and subject matter of 
a committee hearing at least one week before the commencement of the 
hearing. If the chairman of the committee, with the concurrence of the 
ranking minority member, determines that there is good cause to begin a 
hearing sooner, or if the committee so determines by majority vote in 
the presence of the number of members required under the rules of the 
committee for the transaction of business, the chairman shall make the 
announcement at the earliest possible date. An announcement made under 
this subparagraph shall be published promptly in the Daily Digest and 
made available in electronic form.


[[Page 534]]

fiscal years by the witness or by an entity represented by the witness.
  (4) Each committee shall, to the greatest extent practicable, require 
witnesses who appear before it to submit in advance written statements 
of proposed testimony and to limit their initial presentations to the 
committee to brief summaries thereof. In the case of a witness appearing 
in a nongovernmental capacity, a written statement of proposed testimony 
shall include a curriculum vitae and a disclosure of the amount and 
source (by agency and program) of each Federal grant (or subgrant 
thereof) or contract (or subcontract thereof) received during the 
current fiscal year or either of the two previous

  (5)(A) Except as provided in subdivision (B), a point of order does 
not lie with respect to a measure reported by a committee on the ground 
that hearings on such measure were not conducted in accordance with this 
clause.

  (B) A point of order on the ground described in subdivision (A) may be 
made by a member of the committee that reported the measure if such 
point of order was timely made and improperly disposed of in the 
committee.


  (6) This paragraph does not apply to hearings of the Committee on 
Appropriations under clause 4(a)(1) of rule X.


[[Page 535]]

conditions and to delete an exception for meetings relating to internal 
budget or personnel matters and to specify a new condition (sensitive 
law enforcement information) for closing hearings (sec. 105, H. Res. 6, 
Jan. 4, 1995, p. 463). The paragraph was also amended to conform 
references to renamed committees (sec. 202(b), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, 
p. 467; H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). In the 105th Congress 
subparagraphs (1) and (2) were again amended to reflect an amendment to 
former clause 4(e)(3) of rule X (currently clause 3 of rule XI) 
requiring meetings of the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct to 
occur in executive session (except for adjudicatory subcommittee 
meetings or full committee sanction hearings) unless opened by an 
affirmative vote of a majority of members (sec. 5, H. Res. 168, Sept. 
18, 1997, p. ----). Subparagraphs (3)-(6) derive from sections 111(b), 
113(b), 115(b), and 242(c) respectively of the Legislative 
Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1140) and became part of the rules 
in the 92d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). Effective 
January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470), these 
provisions were inadvertently omitted from the rules, and were therefore 
reinserted in the 94th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 14, 1975, p. 20). 
Subparagraph (3) was amended in the 97th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 
1981, pp. 98-113) to add the requirement of prompt entering of public 
notice of committee meetings into the committee scheduling service of 
the House Information Resources. Subparagraph (3) was again amended in 
the 104th Congress to permit the calling of a hearing on less than seven 
days' notice upon a determination of good cause either by vote of the 
committee or subcommittee or by its chairman with the concurrence of its 
ranking minority member (H. Res. 43, Jan. 31, 1995, p. 3028). In the 
105th and 106th Congresses subparagraphs (3) and (2) (respectively) were 
amended to effect a technical correction (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. --
--; H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Subparagraph (4) was rewritten in 
the 105th Congress to encourage committees to elicit curricula vitae and 
disclosures of certain interests from nongovernmental witnesses (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). Clerical and stylistic changes were effected 
when the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).
  Subparagraphs (1) and (2) relating to open committee meetings and 
hearings, were first made part of the rules on March 7, 1973 (H. Res. 
259, 93d Cong., pp. 6713-20). They were amended in the 94th Congress (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 14, 1975, p. 20), to limit to one day (in case of a 
committee meeting) or to one day plus one subsequent day (in the case of 
a hearing) the period during which a committee may close its session. 
They were again amended in the 95th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, 
pp. 53-70), to require that a majority (rather than a quorum) be present 
when a committee or subcommittee votes to close a meeting or hearing and 
to provide that a noncommittee Member cannot be excluded from a hearing 
except by a vote of the House. However, subparagraph (2) was amended in 
the 96th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 1979, p. 8) to permit a majority 
of those present under the rules of the committee for the purpose of 
taking testimony (not less than two members as provided in clause 
2(h)(2) of rule XI) to vote to close a hearing either to discuss whether 
the testimony would endanger national security or would violate clause 
2(k)(5) of this rule, or to proceed to close the hearing as provided by 
clause 2(k)(5). In the 98th Congress subparagraph (2) was amended 
further to permit the Committees on Appropriations, Armed Services, and 
Intelligence, and their subcommittees, when voting in open session with 
a quorum present, to close a hearing on that particular day and for up 
to five additional days, for a total of not to exceed six days (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 3, 1983, p. 34). In the 104th Congress the paragraph was amended 
to require that meetings and hearings open to the public also be open to 
broadcast and photographic media; subparagraph (2) was further amended 
to permit closed meetings only on specified


Quorum requirements
  In the 105th Congress the House adopted a resolution restricting 
access to meetings and hearings held by the Committee on the Judiciary 
on a communication received from an independent counsel relating to 
possible grounds for impeachment of the President (H. Res. 525, Sept. 
11, 1998, p. ----).



[[Page 536]]




Sec. 799. Requirement of quorum.

  (h)(1)  A measure or 
recommendation may not be reported by a committee unless a majority of 
the committee is actually present.


  This subparagraph (former clause 2(l)(2)(A) is from section 133(d) of 
the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812) and was made a 
part of the rules on January 3, 1953 (p. 24). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former clause 2(l)(2)(A) of rule XI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). 
The point of order that a bill was reported from a committee without a 
formal meeting and a quorum present comes too late if debate has started 
on a bill in the House (VIII, 2223; Feb. 24, 1947, p. 1374). No 
committee report is valid unless authorized with a quorum of the 
committee actually present at the time the vote is taken (IV, 4584; 
VIII, 2211, 2212, 2221, 2222), and while Speakers have indicated that 
committee members may come and go during the course of the vote if the 
roll call indicates that a quorum was present (VIII, 2222), where it is 
admitted that a quorum was not in the room at any time during the vote 
and the committee transcript does not show a quorum acting as a quorum, 
the Chair will sustain the point of order (VIII, 2212). In the 103d 
Congress, this provision was amended to provide that responses to roll 
calls in committee be deemed contemporaneous and to require that a point 
of no quorum with respect to a committee report be timely asserted in 
committee or considered waived (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1993, p. 49), but in 
the 104th Congress both of those features were deleted from the rule 
(sec. 207, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 467).


  Where the committee transcript was not conclusive and the manager of 
the bill gave absolute assurance that a majority of the full committee 
was actually present when the bill was ordered reported the Speaker 
overruled a point of order made under this provision (Oct. 22, 1987, p. 
28807). A point of no quorum pending a committee vote on ordering a 
measure reported may provoke a quorum call requiring a majority of the 
committee to be present in the committee room. A committee may act only 
when together, nothing being the report of the committee except what has 
been agreed to in committee actually assembled (see Jefferson's Manual 
at Sec. 407, supra).



Sec. 800. Reduced quorum.

  (2)  Each committee may fix the 
number of its members to constitute a quorum for taking testimony and 
receiving evidence, which may not be less than two.



[[Page 537]]

mittee is otherwise required, which may not be less than one-third of 
the members.

  (3) Each committee (other than the Committee on Appropriations, the 
Committee on the Budget, and the Committee on Ways and Means) may fix 
the number of its members to constitute a quorum for taking any action 
other than one for which the presence of a majority of the com

  Subparagraphs (2) and (3) (former subparagraphs (1) and (2)) were 
adopted in the 84th Congress and only related to the authority of a 
committee to fix a quorum of not less than two for taking testimony (H. 
Res. 151, Mar. 23, 1955, pp. 3569, 3585). In the 95th Congress (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70) subparagraph (3) (former subparagraph (2)) 
was added to authorize committees to fix a quorum less than a majority 
for certain other action. Before the House recodified its rules in the 
106th Congress, paragraph (h) consisted only of subparagraphs (2) and 
(3) (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Subparagraph (3) was amended in 
the 107th Congress to preserve all requirements for a majority quorum 
found in House rules (sec. 2(i), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). 
Under clause 2(g) of this rule, a majority of a committee or 
subcommittee must be present when a committee or subcommittee votes to 
close a meeting or hearing. Under clause 2(m) of this rule a majority of 
a committee or subcommittee must be present to authorize and issue a 
subpoena. Under subparagraph (1) a majority of a committee or 
subcommittee must be present to order a measure or recommendation 
reported.


Limitation on committee sittings
  By unanimous consent the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct 
was authorized to receive evidence and take testimony before a quorum of 
one of its members for the remainder of the second session of the 100th 
Congress (Oct. 13, 1988, p. 30467). Authority for a committee to conduct 
depositions or interrogatories before one member or staff of the 
committee must be specifically conferred by the House (see, e.g., H. 
Res. 167, 105th Cong., June 20, 1997, p. ----).




Sec. 801. Committees not to sit.

  (i)  A committee may not sit 
during a joint session of the House and Senate or during a recess when a 
joint meeting of the House and Senate is in progress.



[[Page 538]]

Budget, and Rules; and in the 95th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, 
pp. 53-70), the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct was also 
exempted. The Committee on Ways and Means was traditionally permitted to 
sit during proceedings under the five-minute rule by unanimous consent 
granted each Congress (Jan. 29, 1975, p. 1677) until it was exempted 
from the rule in the 97th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1981, pp. 98-
113). A provision that special leave to sit be granted if ten Members 
did not object was added to the clause in the 95th Congress (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70). An exemption for the Committee on House 
Administration and the prohibition against committee meetings during 
joint meetings or joint sessions were added in the 101st Congress (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1989, p. 72). In the 103d Congress the prohibition 
against sitting during proceedings under the five-minute rule was 
stricken altogether (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1993, p. 49), but in the 104th 
Congress the former rule was reinstated with exemptions for the 
Committees on Appropriations, the Budget, Rules, Standards of Official 
Conduct, and Ways and Means, and also with the provision for a 
privileged motion by the Majority Leader (sec. 208, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 
1995, p. 467), on which he controlled one hour of debate (Jan. 23, 1995, 
p. 2209). In the 105th Congress so much of paragraph (i) as related to 
proceedings under the five-minute rule was again stricken (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). Clerical and stylistic changes were effected 
when the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

Calling and questioning of witnesses
  A clause regulating when committees could sit had its origin in 1794. 
It was omitted from rule XI in the adoption of rules for the 80th 
Congress but remained effective as part of the Legislative 
Reorganization Act of 1946, the applicable provisions of which were 
continued as a part of the Rules of the House. While the rule formerly 
prohibited committees from sitting at any time when the House was in 
session, it was narrowed to proscribe sittings during the five-minute 
rule by the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (sec. 117(b); 84 
Stat. 1140) and this revision was made part of the standing rules in the 
92d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). Effective January 3, 
1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470), the committees 
exempted from this clause were Appropriations,



Sec. 802. Witnesses.

  (j)(1)  Whenever a hearing is conducted by a 
committee on a measure or matter, the minority members of the committee 
shall be entitled, upon request to the chairman by a majority of them 
before the completion of the hearing, to call witnesses selected by the 
minority to testify with respect to that measure or matter during at 
least one day of hearing thereon.



[[Page 539]]

  (2)(A) Subject to subdivisions (B) and (C), each committee shall apply 
the five-minute rule during the questioning of witnesses in a hearing 
until such time as each member of the committee who so desires has had 
an opportunity to question each witness.

  (B) A committee may adopt a rule or motion permitting a specified 
number of its members to question a witness for longer than five 
minutes. The time for extended questioning of a witness under this 
subdivision shall be equal for the majority party and the minority party 
and may not exceed one hour in the aggregate.


  (C) A committee may adopt a rule or motion permitting committee staff 
for its majority and minority party members to question a witness for 
equal specified periods. The time for extended questioning of a witness 
under this subdivision shall be equal for the majority party and the 
minority party and may not exceed one hour in the aggregate.


Hearing procedures
  Paragraph (j)(1) was contained in section 114(b) of the Legislative 
Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1140) and was made a part of the 
rules in the 92d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). Paragraph 
(j)(2) was added to the rules on that latter date. While a majority of 
the minority members of a committee are entitled to call witnesses 
selected by the minority for at least one day of hearings, no rule of 
the House requires the calling of witnesses on opposing sides of an 
issue (Oct. 14, 1987, p. 27921). In the 105th Congress paragraph (j)(2) 
was redesignated as (2)(A) and two new subparagraphs were added as 
(2)(B) and (2)(C) to enable committees to permit extended examinations 
of witnesses (for 30 additional minutes) by designated members or by 
staff (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). A technical correction was 
effected in the 106th Congress to clarify the procedure to extend 
questioning, and clerical and stylistic changes were effected when the 
House recodified its rules in the same Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).


[[Page 540]]



Sec. 803. Hearing procedure.

  (k)(1)  The chairman at a hearing 
shall announce in an opening statement the subject of the hearing.


  (2) A copy of the committee rules and of this clause shall be made 
available to each witness on request.

  (3) Witnesses at hearings may be accompanied by their own counsel for 
the purpose of advising them concerning their constitutional rights.

  (4) The chairman may punish breaches of order and decorum, and of 
professional ethics on the part of counsel, by censure and exclusion 
from the hearings; and the committee may cite the offender to the House 
for contempt.

  (5) Whenever it is asserted by a member of the committee that the 
evidence or testimony at a hearing may tend to defame, degrade, or 
incriminate any person, or it is asserted by a witness that the evidence 
or testimony that the witness would give at a hearing may tend to 
defame, degrade, or incriminate the witness--

      (A) notwithstanding paragraph (g)(2), such testimony or evidence 
shall be presented in executive session if, in the presence of the 
number of members required under the rules of the committee for the 
purpose of taking testimony, the committee determines by vote of a 
majority of those present that such evidence or testimony may tend to 
defame, degrade, or incriminate any person; and


[[Page 541]]

In either case the committee shall afford such person an opportunity 
voluntarily to appear as a witness, and receive and dispose of requests 
from such person to subpoena additional witnesses.
      (B) the committee shall proceed to receive such testimony in open 
session only if the committee, a majority being present, determines that 
such evidence or testimony will not tend to defame, degrade, or 
incriminate any person.

  (6) Except as provided in subparagraph (5), the chairman shall receive 
and the committee shall dispose of requests to subpoena additional 
witnesses.

  (7) Evidence or testimony taken in executive session, and proceedings 
conducted in executive session, may be released or used in public 
sessions only when authorized by the committee, a majority being 
present.

  (8) In the discretion of the committee, witnesses may submit brief and 
pertinent sworn statements in writing for inclusion in the record. The 
committee is the sole judge of the pertinence of testimony and evidence 
adduced at its hearing.


  (9) A witness may obtain a transcript copy of his testimony given at a 
public session or, if given at an executive session, when authorized by 
the committee.


[[Page 542]]

to be defamatory in executive session upon a determination by a majority 
of those present that such testimony is indeed defamatory, degrading, or 
incriminating. It was amended in the 107th Congress to permit such an 
assertion to be made by the witness (with respect to himself) or a 
member of the Committee (with respect to any person) (sec. 2(j), H. Res. 
5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). In the 105th Congress subparagraph (5) was 
amended to clarify a majority of those voting (a full quorum being 
present) may decide to proceed in open session (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, 
p. ----). Clerical and stylistic changes were effected when the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 
----). ``Investigative'' was removed from the heading and subparagraphs 
(1), (3), and (5) of paragraph (k) in the 107th Congress to indicate 
past practice, which applied this paragraph to all committee 
investigative, oversight, or legislative hearings (sec. 2(j), H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).
  The provisions of paragraph (k) were first incorporated into the rules 
in the 84th Congress (H. Res. 151, Mar. 23, 1955, pp. 3569, 3585). The 
requirement of paragraph (k)(2) that a copy of committee rules be 
furnished to each witness was added in the 92d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 
22, 1971, p. 144) and was amended in the 107th Congress to require the 
committee to furnish such rules only when the witness so requests (sec. 
2(j), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). The former requirement of 
paragraph (k)(9) that a witness must pay the cost of a transcript copy 
of his testimony was eliminated under the Committee Reform Amendments of 
1974, effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, 
p. 34470). Paragraph (k)(5) was amended in the 96th Congress (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 15, 1979, pp. 7-16) to permit a committee or subcommittee to hear 
testimony asserted


Supplemental, minority, or additional views
  The requirements of clause 2(g)(1) and (2), and of 2(m)(2)(A), of this 
rule that a majority of the committee or subcommittee shall constitute a 
quorum for the purposes of closing meetings or hearings or issuing 
subpoenas have been construed to require, under clause 2(k)(7) of this 
rule, that a majority shall likewise constitute a quorum to release or 
make public any evidence or testimony received in any closed meeting or 
hearing and any other executive session record of the committee or 
subcommittee. See also clauses 11(c) and 11(g) of rule X, which provide 
that executive session material transmitted by the Permanent Select 
Committee on Intelligence to another committee of the House becomes the 
executive session material of the recipient committee by virtue of the 
nature of the material and the injunction of clause 11(g) of rule X 
which prohibit disclosure of information provided to committees or 
Members of the House except in a secret session. A resolution directing 
a standing committee to release executive-session material referred to 
it as such by special rule of the House was held to propose a change in 
the rules and, therefore, not to constitute a question of the privileges 
of the House under rule IX (Sept. 23, 1998, p. ----).


[[Page 543]]

such notice (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays except 
when the House is in session on such a day) to file such views, in 
writing and signed by that member, with the clerk of the committee.



Sec. 804. Minority views.

  (l)  If at the time of approval of a 
measure or matter by a committee (other than the Committee on Rules) a 
member of the committee gives notice of intention to file supplemental, 
minority, or additional views for inclusion in the report to the House 
thereon, that member shall be entitled to not less than two additional 
calendar days after the day of



Power to sit and act; subpoena power
  This provision was originally included in section 107 of the 
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1140) and was 
incorporated into the rules in the 92d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 
1971, p. 144). In the 104th Congress it was amended to count as a 
``calendar day'' any day on which the House is in session (H. Res. 254, 
Nov. 30, 1995, p. 35077). In the 105th Congress it was further amended 
to reduce the guaranteed time for composing separate views from three 
full days to two full days after the day of notice (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 
1997, p. ----). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, paragraph (l) consisted of this paragraph and current clause 
2(c) of rule XIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



Sec. 805. Power to sit and to issue subpoenas; oaths.

  (m)(1)  For 
the purpose of carrying out any of its functions and duties under this 
rule and rule X (including any matters referred to it under clause 2 of 
rule XII), a committee or subcommittee is authorized (subject to 
subparagraph (3)(A))--


      (A) to sit and act at such times and places within the United 
States, whether the House is in session, has recessed, or has adjourned, 
and to hold such hearings as it considers necessary; and

      (B) to require, by subpoena or otherwise, the attendance and 
testimony of such witnesses and the production of such books, records, 
correspondence, memoranda, papers, and documents as it considers 
necessary.


[[Page 544]]

  (2) The chairman of the committee, or a member designated by the 
chairman, may administer oaths to witnesses.

  (3)(A)(i) Except as provided in subdivision (A)(ii), a subpoena may be 
authorized and issued by a committee or subcommittee under subparagraph 
(1)(B) in the conduct of an investigation or series of investigations or 
activities only when authorized by the committee or subcommittee, a 
majority being present. The power to authorize and issue subpoenas under 
subparagraph (1)(B) may be delegated to the chairman of the committee 
under such rules and under such limitations as the committee may 
prescribe. Authorized subpoenas shall be signed by the chairman of the 
committee or by a member designated by the committee.

  (ii) In the case of a subcommittee of the Committee on Standards of 
Official Conduct, a subpoena may be authorized and issued only by an 
affirmative vote of a majority of its members.

  (B) A subpoena duces tecum may specify terms of return other than at a 
meeting or hearing of the committee or subcommittee authorizing the 
subpoena.


  (C) Compliance with a subpoena issued by a committee or subcommittee 
under subparagraph (1)(B) may be enforced only as authorized or directed 
by the House.


[[Page 545]]

the chairman of the full committee or any member designated by the 
committee (H. Res. 5, Jan. 14, 1975, p. 20); and in the 95th Congress 
the paragraph was altered to permit subcommittees, as well as full 
committees, to authorize subpoenas and to allow the delegation of such 
authority to the chairman of the full committee (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 
1977, pp. 53-70). The special rule for authorizing and issuing a 
subpoena of a subcommittee of the Committee on Standards of Official 
Conduct was adopted in the 105th Congress (sec. 15, H. Res. 168, Sept. 
18, 1997, p. ----). In the 106th Congress subparagraph (3)(B) was added, 
and clerical and stylistic changes were effected when the House 
recodified its rules in the same Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 
----). A clerical correction was effected to paragraph (m)(1) in the 
107th Congress to correct a cross reference (sec. 2(x), H. Res. 5, Jan. 
3, 2001, p. ----).
  Prior to the adoption of clause 2(m) under the Committee Reform 
Amendments of 1974, effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., 
Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470), only the Committees on Appropriations, the 
Budget, Government Operations, Internal Security, and Standards of 
Official Conduct were permitted by the standing rules to perform the 
functions as specified in subparagraphs (1)(A) and (1)(B), and other 
standing and select committees were given those authorities by separate 
resolutions reported from the Committee on Rules each Congress. In the 
94th Congress the paragraph was amended to require authorized subpoenas 
to be signed by

  A subpoena issued under this clause need only be signed by the 
chairman of the committee or by any member designated by the committee, 
whereas when the House issues an order or warrant the Speaker must under 
clause 4 of rule I issue the summons under his hand and seal, and it 
must be attested by the Clerk pursuant to clause 2(c) of rule II (former 
clause 3 of rule III) (III, 1668; see H. Rept. 96-1078, p. 22). Pursuant 
to 2 U.S.C. 191, the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House 
of Representatives, or a chairman of any joint committee established by 
a joint or concurrent resolution of the two Houses of Congress, or of a 
committee of the whole, or of any committee of either House of Congress, 
is empowered to administer oaths to witnesses in any case under their 
examination, and any Member of either House of Congress may administer 
oaths to witnesses in any matter depending in either House of Congress 
of which he is a Member, or any committee thereof.



[[Page 546]]

Committee on Standards of Official Conduct
  While under this clause the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct 
may issue subpoenas in investigating the conduct of a Member, officer, 
or employee of the House (the extent of the committee's jurisdiction 
under rule X and functions under clause 3 of rule XI), where the House 
mandates a possible investigation by that committee of other persons not 
directly associated with the House, the committee's jurisdiction is 
thereby enlarged and a broader subpoena authority must be conferred on 
the committee (Mar. 3, 1976, p. 5165). Subparagraph (3)(B) (former 
subparagraph (2)(B)) has been interpreted to require authorization by 
the full House before a subcommittee chairman could intervene in a law 
suit in order to gain access to documents subpoenaed by the 
subcommittee. In re Beef Industry Antitrust Litigation, 589 F.2d 786 
(5th Cir. 1979). The authority conferred in clause 2(m)(1)(B) to require 
information ``by subpoena or otherwise'' has not been interpreted to 
authorize depositions and interrogatories. That authority must be 
conferred by separate action of the House (see Sec. 800, supra).



Sec. 806. Standards of Official Conduct; additional 
duties.

  3. (a) The  Committee on Standards of Official Conduct has the following 
functions:


      (1) The committee may recommend to the House from time to time 
such administrative actions as it may consider appropriate to establish 
or enforce standards of official conduct for Members, Delegates, the 
Resident Commissioner, officers, and employees of the House. A letter of 
reproval or other administrative action of the committee pursuant to an 
investigation under subparagraph (2) shall only be issued or implemented 
as a part of a report required by such subparagraph.


[[Page 547]]

the committee may consider appropriate in the circumstances.
      (2) The committee may investigate, subject to paragraph (b), an 
alleged violation by a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, 
or employee of the House of the Code of Official Conduct or of a law, 
rule, regulation, or other standard of conduct applicable to the conduct 
of such Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee in 
the performance of his duties or the discharge of his responsibilities. 
After notice and hearing (unless the right to a hearing is waived by the 
Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee), the 
committee shall report to the House its findings of fact and 
recommendations, if any, for the final disposition of any such 
investigation and such action as

      (3) The committee may report to the appropriate Federal or State 
authorities, either with the approval of the House or by an affirmative 
vote of two-thirds of the members of the committee, any substantial 
evidence of a violation by a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, 
officer, or employee of the House, of a law applicable to the 
performance of his duties or the discharge of his responsibilities that 
may have been disclosed in a committee investigation.

      (4) The committee may consider the request of a Member, Delegate, 
Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House for an advisory 
opinion with respect to the general propriety of any current or proposed 
conduct of such Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or 
employee. With appropriate deletions to ensure the privacy of the person 
concerned, the committee may publish such opinion for the guidance of 
other Members, Delegates, the Resident Commissioner, officers, and 
employees of the House.

      (5) The committee may consider the request of a Member, Delegate, 
Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House for a written 
waiver in exceptional circumstances with respect to clause 4 of rule 
XXIII.


[[Page 548]]

a resolution, report, recommendation, or advisory opinion relating to 
the official conduct of a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, 
officer, or employee of the House, or, except as provided in 
subparagraph (2), undertake an investigation of such conduct.
  (b)(1)(A) Unless approved by an affirmative vote of a majority of its 
members, the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct may not report

  (B)(i) Upon the receipt of information offered as a complaint that is 
in compliance with this rule and the rules of the committee, the 
chairman and ranking minority member jointly may appoint members to 
serve as an investigative subcommittee.

  (ii) The chairman and ranking minority member of the committee jointly 
may gather additional information concerning alleged conduct that is the 
basis of a complaint or of information offered as a complaint until they 
have established an investigative subcommittee or either of them has 
placed on the agenda of the committee the issue of whether to establish 
an investigative subcommittee.

  (2) Except in the case of an investigation undertaken by the committee 
on its own initiative, the committee may undertake an investigation 
relating to the official conduct of an individual Member, Delegate, 
Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House only--


[[Page 549]]

      (A) upon receipt of information offered as a complaint, in writing 
and under oath, from a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner and 
transmitted to the committee by such Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner; or

      (B) upon receipt of information offered as a complaint, in writing 
and under oath, from a person not a Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner provided that a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner 
certifies in writing to the committee that he believes the information 
is submitted in good faith and warrants the review and consideration of 
the committee.
If a complaint is not disposed of within the applicable periods set 
forth in the rules of the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, 
the chairman and ranking minority member shall establish jointly an 
investigative subcommittee and forward the complaint, or any portion 
thereof, to that subcommittee for its consideration. However, if at any 
time during those periods either the chairman or ranking minority member 
places on the agenda the issue of whether to establish an investigative 
subcommittee, then an investigative subcommittee may be established only 
by an affirmative vote of a majority of the members of the committee.


[[Page 550]]

  (3) The committee may not undertake an investigation of an alleged 
violation of a law, rule, regulation, or standard of conduct that was 
not in effect at the time of the alleged violation. The committee may 
not undertake an investigation of such an alleged violation that 
occurred before the third previous Congress unless the committee 
determines that the alleged violation is directly related to an alleged 
violation that occurred in a more recent Congress.

  (4) A member of the committee shall be ineligible to participate as a 
member of the committee in a committee proceeding relating to the 
member's official conduct. Whenever a member of the committee is 
ineligible to act as a member of the committee under the preceding 
sentence, the Speaker shall designate a Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner from the same political party as the ineligible member to 
act in any proceeding of the committee relating to that conduct.

  (5) A member of the committee may disqualify himself from 
participating in an investigation of the conduct of a Member, Delegate, 
Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House upon the 
submission in writing and under oath of an affidavit of disqualification 
stating that the member cannot render an impartial and unbiased decision 
in the case in which the member seeks to be disqualified. If the 
committee approves and accepts such affidavit of disqualification, the 
chairman shall so notify the Speaker and request the Speaker to 
designate a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner from the same 
political party as the disqualifying member to act in any proceeding of 
the committee relating to that case.


[[Page 551]]

  (6) Information or testimony received, or the contents of a complaint 
or the fact of its filing, may not be publicly disclosed by any 
committee or staff member unless specifically authorized in each 
instance by a vote of the full committee.

  (7) The committee shall have the functions designated in titles I and 
V of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978, in sections 7342, 7351, and 
7353 of title 5, United States Code, and in clause 11(g)(4) of rule X.

  (c)(1) Notwithstanding clause 2(g)(1) of rule XI, each meeting of the 
Committee on Standards of Official Conduct or a subcommittee thereof 
shall occur in executive session unless the committee or subcommittee, 
by an affirmative vote of a majority of its members, opens the meeting 
to the public.

  (2) Notwithstanding clause 2(g)(2) of rule XI, each hearing of an 
adjudicatory subcommittee or sanction hearing of the Committee on 
Standards of Official Conduct shall be held in open session unless the 
committee or subcommittee, in open session by an affirmative vote of a 
majority of its members, closes all or part of the remainder of the 
hearing on that day to the public.

  (d) Before a member, officer, or employee of the Committee on 
Standards of Official Conduct, including members of a subcommittee of 
the committee selected under clause 5(a)(4) of rule X and shared staff, 
may have access to information that is confidential under the rules of 
the committee, the following oath (or affirmation) shall be executed:


[[Page 552]]

thorized by the committee or in accordance with its rules.''
Copies of the executed oath shall be retained by the Clerk as part of 
the records of the House. This paragraph establishes a standard of 
conduct within the meaning of paragraph (a)(2). Breaches of 
confidentiality shall be investigated by the Committee on Standards of 
Official Conduct and appropriate action shall be taken.
      ``I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will not disclose, to any 
person or entity outside the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, 
any information received in the course of my service with the committee, 
except as au

  (e)(1) If a complaint or information offered as a complaint is deemed 
frivolous by an affirmative vote of a majority of the members of the 
Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, the committee may take such 
action as it, by an affirmative vote of a majority of its members, 
considers appropriate in the circumstances.


  (2) Complaints filed before the One Hundred Fifth Congress may not be 
deemed frivolous by the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct.

  The investigative authority contained in this clause (former clause 
4(e) of rule X) was first conferred upon the commitee in the 90th 
Congress (H. Res. 1099, Apr. 3, 1968, p. 8802). Effective January 3, 
1975, the former requirement in paragraph (b)(1)(A) (former clause 
4(e)(2)(A) of rule X) that seven committee members must authorize an 
investigation was changed to permit a majority of the commitee to 
provide that authorization (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 
34470). That provision was further amended in the 105th Congress to 
permit the chairman and ranking minority member, with respect to a 
properly filed complaint, to gather additional information or to 
establish an investigative subcommittee (sec. 11, H. Res. 168, Sept. 18, 
1997, p. ----). Paragraph (b)(5) (former clause 4(e)(2)(E) of rule X) 
was added in the 95th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70), to 
provide a mechanism for a committee member to disqualify himself from 
participating in an investigation, and paragraph (b)(6) (former clause 
4(e)(2)(F) of rule X) was added in the 96th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 
15, 1979, p. 8).


[[Page 553]]

tive action of the commitee to be implemented as part of a report to the 
House, with no action required of the House; (2) paragraph (a)(2) 
(former clause 4(e)(1)(B) of rule X) was amended to require the commitee 
to report to the House its findings of fact and any recommendations 
respecting the final disposition of a matter in which it votes to 
undertake an investigation; (3) a new paragraph (a)(4) (former clause 
4(e)(1)(E) of rule X) was added to empower the commitee to consider 
requests that the rule restricting the acceptance of gifts be waived in 
exceptional circumstances; and (4) paragraph (b)(3) (former clause 
4(e)(2)(C) of rule X) was amended to set a general limitation on actions 
for committee consideration of ethics matters.
  This provision was amended in several particulars by the Ethics Reform 
Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-194): (1) paragraph (a)(1) (former clause 
4(e)(1)(A) of rule X) was amended to enable a letter of reproval or 
other administra

  In the beginning of the 105th Congress a subparagraph (3) was added at 
the end of former clause 4(e) of rule X to establish a Select Committee 
on Ethics only to resolve a specific inquiry originally undertaken by 
the standing Committee on Standards of Official Conduct in the 104th 
Congress but not concluded (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). The 
select commitee filed one report to the House (H. Rept. 105-1, H. Res. 
31, Jan. 21, 1997, p. ----). The current form of paragraph (c) (former 
clause 4(e)(3) of rule X) was adopted later in the 105th Congress (sec. 
5, H. Res. 168, Sept. 18, 1997, p. ----).

  Additional amendments to this provision were adopted in the 105th 
Congress as follows: (1) paragraphs (d) and (3) (former clauses 4(e)(4) 
and 4(e)(5)) were adopted (sec. 6 and sec. 19, H. Res. 168, Sept. 18, 
1997, p. ----); (2) paragraph (b)(2) (former clause 4(e)(2)(B) of rule 
X) was amended to address the disposition of a complaint after 
expiration of periods set forth in the commitee rules and to specify 
parameters for the filing of complaints by non-Members (sec. 11, H. Res. 
168, Sept. 18, 1997, p. ----); and (3) paragraph (a)(3) (former clause 
4(e)(1)(C) of rule X) was amended to permit the commitee to report to 
the appropriate authorities substantial evidence of a violation of law 
by an affirmative vote of two-thirds of the members of the commitee 
without the approval of the House (sec. 18, H. Res. 168, Sept. 18, 1997, 
p. ----). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, 
this provision was found in former clause 4(e) of rule X and paragraph 
(b)(7) was found in former clause 1(p) of rule X (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). Clause 3(a)(5) was amended in the 107th Congress to 
reflect the redesignation of a rule (sec. 2(s), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, 
p. ----).


[[Page 554]]

1997, p. ----; H. Res. 44, Feb. 10, 1997, p. ----); (2) that the 
commitee adopt rules establishing investigative and adjudicative 
subcommittees; and (3) that the commitee adopt rules establishing an 
Office on Advice and Education (see sec. 803(b), (c), (d), and (i), P.L. 
101-194, 2 U.S.C. 29d). The texts of those provisions are set forth 
below. Section 803(b), (c), and (d) should be read in light of H. Res. 
168, adopted in the 105th Congress, and reaffirmed in the 106th Congress 
and 107th Congress with one amendment (sec. 2(c), H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----; sec. 3(a), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----), and 
described later in this annotation.

  The Ethics Reform Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-194) contains free-standing 
provisions requiring: (1) that the respective party caucuses nominate 
seven majority and seven minority members, although in the 104th 
Congress only five returning majority and five returning minority 
members were initially elected (H. Res. 41, H. Res. 42, Jan. 20, 1995, 
p. 1909), and in the 105th Congress only the chairman and ranking 
minority member were elected initially pending recommendations by a 12-
member bipartisan task force informally appointed by the Majority and 
Minority Leaders to conduct a comprehensive review of the House ethics 
process (H. Res. 12, Jan. 7,


 ``Sec. 803. Reforms Respecting the Committee on Standards of Official 
                               __________


                               Conduct.--


                                  * * *


  ``(b) committee composition.--The respective party caucus or 
conference of the House of Representatives shall each nominate to the 
House of Representatives at the beginning of each Congress 7 members to 
serve on the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct.

  ``(c) investigative subcommittees.--The Committee on Standards of 
Official Conduct shall adopt rules providing--

          ``(1) for the establishment of a 4 or 6-member investigative 

        subcommittee (with equal representation from the majority and 

        minority parties) whenever the committee votes to undertake any 

        investigation;

          ``(2) that the senior majority and minority members on an 

        investigative subcommittee shall serve as the chairman and 

        ranking minority member of the subcommittee; and

          ``(3) that the chairman and ranking minority member of the 

        full committee may only serve as non-voting, ex officio members 


        on an investigative subcommittee.
``Clause 5(d) of rule XI of the Rules of the House of Representatives 
shall not apply to any investigative subcommittee.

  ``(d) adjudicatory subcommittees.--The Committee on Standards of 
Official Conduct shall adopt rules providing--

          ``(1) that upon the completion of an investigation, an 

        investigative subcommittee shall report its findings and 

        recommendations to the committee;

          ``(2) that, if an investigative subcommittee by majority vote 

        of its membership adopts a statement of alleged violation, the 

        remaining members of the committee shall comprise an 

        adjudicatory subcommittee to hold a disciplinary hearing on the 

        violation alleged in the statement;

          ``(3) that any statement of alleged violation and any written 

        response thereto shall be made public at the first meeting or 

        hearing on the matter which is open to the public after the 


[[Page 555]]

        respondent has

        been given full opportunity to respond to the statement in 

        accordance with committee rules, but, if no public hearing or 

        meeting is held on the matter, the statement of alleged 

        violation and any written response thereto shall be included in 

        the committee's final report to the House of Representatives as 

        required by clause 4(e)(1)(B) of rule X of the Rules of the 

        House of Representatives;

          ``(4) that a quorum for an adjudicatory subcommittee for the 

        purpose of taking testimony and conducting any business shall 

        consist of a majority of the membership of the subcommittee plus 

        one; and

          ``(5) that an adjudicatory subcommittee shall determine, after 

        receiving evidence, whether the counts in the statement have 


        been proved and shall report its findings to the committee.
``Clause 5(d) of rule XI of the Rules of the House of Representatives 
shall not apply to any adjudicatory subcommittee.


                                  * * *

  ``(i) advice and education.--(1) The Committee on Standards of 
Official Conduct shall establish within the Committee an Office on 
Advice and Education (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as the 
`Office') under the supervision of the chairman.

          ``(2) The Office shall be headed by a director who shall be 

        appointed by the chairman, in consultation with the ranking 

        minority member, and shall be comprised of such staff as the 

        chairman determines is necessary to carry out the 

        responsibilities of the Office.

          ``(3) The primary responsibilities of the Office shall 

        include:

                  ``(A) Providing information and guidance to Members, 

                officers and employees of the House regarding any laws, 

                rules, regulations, and other standards of conduct 

                applicable to such individuals in their official 

                capacities, and any interpretations and advisory 

                opinions of the committee.

                  ``(B) Submitting to the chairman and ranking minority 

                member of the committee any written request from any 

                such Member, officer or employee for an interpretation 

                of applicable laws, rules, regulations, or other 

                standards of conduct, together with any recommendations 

                thereon.

                  ``(C) Recommending to the committee for its 

                consideration formal advisory opinions of general 

                applicability.

                  ``(D) Developing and carrying out, subject to the 

                approval of the chairman, periodic educational briefings 

                for Members, officers and employees of the House on 

                those laws, rules, regulations, or other standards of 

                conduct applicable to them.

          ``(4) No information provided to the Committee on Standards of 

        Official Conduct by a Member, officer or employee of the House 

        of Representatives when seeking advice regarding prospective 

        conduct of such Member, officer or employee may be used as the 

        basis for initiating an investigation under clause 4(e)(1)(B) of 


[[Page 556]]

        rule X of the Rules

        of the House of Representatives, if such Member, officer or 

        employee acts in accordance with the written advice of the 


        committee.''.


                               __________


  In the 105th Congress a 12-member bipartisan task force was informally 
appointed by the Majority and Minority Leaders to conduct a 
comprehensive review of the House ethics process. At the same time an 
order of the House was adopted imposing a moratorium on filing or 
processing ethics complaints and on raising certain questions of 
privilege under rule IX with respect to official conduct. The moratorium 
was imposed in the expectation that the recommendations of the task 
force would include changes relating to the Committee on Standards of 
Official Conduct and the process by which the House enforces standards 
of official conduct (Feb. 12, 1997, p. ----). The moratorium was 
extended through September 10, 1997 (July 30, 1997, p. ----). On 
September 18, 1997, the House adopted the recommendations of the task 
force with certain amendments (H. Res. 168, 105th Cong., p. ----), which 
included not only changes to the standing Rules of the House but also 
free-standing directives to the Committee on Standards of Official 
Conduct, which were reaffirmed for the 106th Congress (sec. 2(c), H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Those directives were again reaffirmed 
in the 107th Congress with an exception to section 13 (sec. 3(a), H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). The texts of those free-standing 
provisions are set forth below.


                               __________


                              ``H. Res. 168


``SEC. 3. COMMITTEE AGENDAS.
                                  * * *


``SEC. 4. COMMITTEE STAFF.
  ``The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct shall adopt rules 
providing that the chairman shall establish the agenda for meetings of 
the committee, but shall not preclude the ranking minority member from 
placing any item on the agenda.

  ``(a) Committee Rules.--The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct 
shall adopt rules providing that:

          ``(1)(A) The staff is to be assembled and retained as a 

        professional, nonpartisan staff.

          ``(B) Each member of the staff shall be professional and 

        demonstrably qualified for the position for which he is hired.

          ``(C) The staff as a whole and each member of the staff shall 

        perform all official duties in a nonpartisan manner.

          ``(D) No member of the staff shall engage in any partisan 

        political activity directly affecting any congressional or 

        presidential election.

          ``(E) No member of the staff or outside counsel may accept 

        public speaking engagements or write for publication on any 


[[Page 557]]

        subject that

        is in any way related to his or her employment or duties with 

        the committee without specific prior approval from the chairman 

        and ranking minority member.

          ``(F) No member of the staff or outside counsel may make 

        public, unless approved by an affirmative vote of a majority of 

        the members of the committee, any information, document, or 

        other material that is confidential, derived from executive 

        session, or classified and that is obtained during the course of 

        employment with the committee.

          ``(2)(A) All staff members shall be appointed by an 

        affirmative vote of a majority of the members of the committee. 

        Such vote shall occur at the first meeting of the membership of 

        the committee during each Congress and as necessary during the 

        Congress.

          ``(B) Subject to the approval of Committee on House 

        Administration, the committee may retain counsel not employed by 

        the House of Representatives whenever the committee determines, 

        by an affirmative vote of a majority of the members of the 

        committee, that the retention of outside counsel is necessary 

        and appropriate.

          ``(C) If the committee determines that it is necessary to 

        retain staff members for the purpose of a particular 

        investigation or other proceeding, then such staff shall be 

        retained only for the duration of that particular investigation 

        or proceeding.

          ``(3) Outside counsel may be dismissed prior to the end of a 

        contract between the committee and such counsel only by an 

        affirmative vote of a majority of the members of the committee.

          ``(4) Only subparagraphs (C), (E), and (F) of paragraph (1) 

        shall apply to shared staff.


``SEC. 5. MEETINGS AND HEARINGS.

  ``(b) Additional Committee Staff.--In addition to any other staff 
provided for by law, rule, or other authority, with respect to the 
Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, the chairman and ranking 
minority member each may appoint one individual as a shared staff member 
from his or her personal staff to perform service for the committee. 
Such shared staff may assist the chairman or ranking minority member on 
any subcommittee on which he serves.


                                  * * *

  ``(b) Committee Rules.--The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct 
shall adopt rules providing that--

          ``(1) all meetings of the committee or any subcommittee 

        thereof shall occur in executive session unless the committee or 

        subcommittee by an affirmative vote of a majority of its members 

        opens the meeting or hearing to the public; and

          ``(2) any hearing held by an adjudicatory subcommittee or any 

        sanction hearing held by the committee shall be open to the 

        public unless the committee or subcommittee by an affirmative 

        vote of a majority of its members closes the hearing to the 


[[Page 558]]

        public.


``SEC. 7. PUBLIC DISCLOSURE.
                                  * * *


  ``The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct shall adopt rules 
providing that, unless otherwise determined by a vote of the committee, 
only the chairman or ranking minority member, after consultation with 
each other, may make public statements regarding matters before the 
committee or any subcommittee thereof.


``SEC. 10. REQUIREMENTS TO CONSTITUTE A COMPLAINT.
                                  * * *


``SEC. 11. DUTIES OF CHAIRMAN AND RANKING MINORITY MEMBER REGARDING 
PROPERLY FILED COMPLAINTS.
  ``The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct shall amend its rules 
regarding complaints to provide that whenever information offered as a 
complaint is submitted to the committee, the chairman and ranking 
minority member shall have 14 calendar days or 5 legislative days, 
whichever occurs first, to determine whether the information meets the 
requirements of the committee's rules for what constitutes a complaint.

  ``(a) Committee Rules.--The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct 
shall adopt rules providing that whenever the chairman and ranking 
minority member jointly determine that information submitted to the 
committee meets the requirements of the committee's rules for what 
constitutes a complaint, they shall have 45 calendar days or 5 
legislative days, whichever is later, after the date that the chairman 
and ranking minority member determine that information filed meets the 
requirements of the committee's rules for what constitutes a complaint, 
unless the committee by an affirmative vote of a majority of its members 
votes otherwise, to--

          ``(1) recommend to the committee that it dispose of the 

        complaint, or any portion thereof, in any manner that does not 

        require action by the House, which may include dismissal of the 

        complaint or resolution of the complaint by a letter to the 

        Member, officer, or employee of the House against whom the 

        complaint is made;

          ``(2) establish an investigative subcommittee; or

          ``(3) request that the committee extend the applicable 45-

        calendar day or 5-legislative day period by one additional 45-

        calendar day period when they determine more time is necessary 


        in order to make a recommendation under paragraph (1).


                                  * * *


[[Page 559]]

periods under subsection (a), then they shall establish an investigative 
subcommittee and forward the complaint, or any portion thereof, to that 
subcommittee for its consideration. However, if, at any time during 
those periods, either the chairman or ranking minority member places on 
the agenda the issue of whether to establish an investigative 
subcommittee, then an investigative subcommittee may be established only 
by an affirmative vote of a majority of the members of the committee.

  ``(c) Disposition of Properly Filed Complaints by Chairman and Ranking 
Minority Member if no Action Taken by Them Within Prescribed Time 
Limit.--The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct shall adopt rules 
providing that if the chairman and ranking minority member jointly 
determine that information submitted to the committee meets the 
requirements of the committee rules for what constitutes a complaint, 
and the complaint is not disposed of within the applicable time


``SEC. 12. DUTIES OF CHAIRMAN AND RANKING MINORITY MEMBER REGARDING 
INFORMATION NOT CONSTITUTING A COMPLAINT.
                                  * * *

  ``The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct shall adopt rules 
providing that whenever the chairman and ranking minority member jointly 
determine that information submitted to the committee does not meet the 
requirements for what constitutes a complaint set forth in the committee 
rules, they may--

          ``(1) return the information to the complainant with a 

        statement that it fails to meet the requirements for what 

        constitutes a complaint set forth in the committee's rules; or

          ``(2) recommend to the committee that it authorize the 


``SEC. 13. INVESTIGATIVE AND ADJUDICATORY SUBCOMMITTEES.\1\
        establishment of an investigative subcommittee.

  ``The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct shall adopt rules 
providing that--

          ``(1)(A) investigative subcommittees shall be comprised of 4 

        Members (with equal representation from the majority and 

        minority parties) whenever such subcommittee is established 

        pursuant to the rules of the committee; and

          ``(B) adjudicatory subcommittees shall be comprised of the 

        members of the committee who did not serve on the investigative 

        subcommittee (with equal representation from the majority and 

        minority parties) whenever such subcommittee is established 

        pursuant to the rules of the committee;

          ``(2) at the time of appointment, the chairman shall designate 

        one member of the subcommittee to serve as chairman and the 


[[Page 560]]

        ranking

        minority member shall designate one member of the subcommittee 

        to serve as the ranking minority member of the investigative 

        subcommittee or adjudicatory subcommittee; and

          ``(3) the chairman and ranking minority member of the 

        committee may serve as members of an investigative subcommittee, 


        but may not serve as non-voting, ex officio members.

  \1\ Section 13 was reaffirmed in the 107th Congress with 
the following exception: ``except that, notwithstanding section 13 [of 
H. Res. 168], the chairman and ranking minority member of the Committee 
on Standards of Official Conduct may consult with an investigative 
subcommittee either on their own initiative or on the initiative of the 
subcommittee, shall have access to information before a subcommittee 
with which they so consult, and shall not thereby be precluded from 
serving as full, voting members of any adjudicatory subcommittee'' (sec. 
3(a), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
``SEC. 14. STANDARD OF PROOF FOR ADOPTION OF STATEMENT OF ALLEGED 
VIOLATION.


``SEC. 15. SUBCOMMITTEE POWERS.
  ``The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct shall amend its rules 
to provide that an investigative subcommittee may adopt a statement of 
alleged violation only if it determines by an affirmative vote of a 
majority of the members of the committee that there is substantial 
reason to believe that a violation of the Code of Official Conduct, or 
of a law, rule, regulation, or other standard of conduct applicable to 
the performance of official duties or the discharge of official 
responsibilities by a Member, officer, or employee of the House of 
Representatives has occurred.


  ``(a) Subpoena Power.--


                                  * * *

          ``(2) Committee rules.--The Committee on Standards of Official 

        Conduct shall adopt rules providing that an investigative 

        subcommittee or an adjudicatory subcommittee may authorize and 

        issue subpoenas only when authorized by an affirmative vote of a 

        majority of the members of the subcommittee.

  ``(b) Expansion of Scope of Investigations.--The Committee on 
Standards of Official Conduct shall adopt rules providing that an 
investigative subcommittee may, upon an affirmative vote of a majority 
of its members, expand the scope of its investigation approved by an 
affirmative vote of a majority of the members of the committee.

  ``(c) Amendments of Statements of Alleged Violation.--The Committee on 
Standards of Official Conduct shall adopt rules to provide that--

          ``(1) an investigative subcommittee may, upon an affirmative 

        vote of a majority of its members, amend its statement of 

        alleged violation anytime before the statement of alleged 

        violation is transmitted to the committee; and

          ``(2) if an investigative subcommittee amends its statement of 

        alleged violation, the respondent shall be notified in writing 

        and shall have 30 calendar days from the date of that 

        notification to file an answer to the amended statement of 


``SEC. 16. DUE PROCESS RIGHTS OF RESPONDENTS.
        alleged violation.

  ``The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct shall amend its rules 
to provide that--

          ``(1) not less than 10 calendar days before a scheduled vote 

        by an investigative subcommittee on a statement of alleged 

        violation, the subcommittee shall provide the respondent with a 


[[Page 561]]

        copy of the state

        ment of alleged violation it intends to adopt together with all 

        evidence it intends to use to prove those charges which it 

        intends to adopt, including documentary evidence, witness 

        testimony, memoranda of witness interviews, and physical 

        evidence, unless the subcommittee by an affirmative vote of a 

        majority of its members decides to withhold certain evidence in 

        order to protect a witness, but if such evidence is withheld, 

        the subcommittee shall inform the respondent that evidence is 

        being withheld and of the count to which such evidence relates;

          ``(2) neither the respondent nor his counsel shall, directly 

        or indirectly, contact the subcommittee or any member thereof 

        during the period of time set forth in paragraph (1) except for 

        the sole purpose of settlement discussions where counsels for 

        the respondent and the subcommittee are present;

          ``(3) if, at any time after the issuance of a statement of 

        alleged violation, the committee or any subcommittee thereof 

        determines that it intends to use evidence not provided to a 

        respondent under paragraph (1) to prove the charges contained in 

        the statement of alleged violation (or any amendment thereof), 

        such evidence shall be made immediately available to the 

        respondent, and it may be used in any further proceeding under 

        the committee's rules;

          ``(4) evidence provided pursuant to paragraph (1) or (3) shall 

        be made available to the respondent and his or her counsel only 

        after each agrees, in writing, that no document, information, or 

        other materials obtained pursuant to that paragraph shall be 

        made public until--

                  ``(A) such time as a statement of alleged violation is 

                made public by the committee if the respondent has 

                waived the adjudicatory hearing; or

                  ``(B) the commencement of an adjudicatory hearing if 

                the respondent has not waived an adjudicatory hearing;

        ``but the failure of respondent and his counsel to so agree in 

        writing, and therefore not receive the evidence, shall not 

        preclude the issuance of a statement of alleged violation at the 

        end of the period referred to in paragraph (1);

          ``(5) a respondent shall receive written notice whenever--

                  ``(A) the chairman and ranking minority member 

                determine that information the committee has received 

                constitutes a complaint;

                  ``(B) a complaint or allegation is transmitted to an 

                investigative subcommittee;

                  ``(C) that subcommittee votes to authorize its first 

                subpoena or to take testimony under oath, whichever 

                occurs first; and

                  ``(D) an investigative subcommittee votes to expand 


[[Page 562]]

                the scope of its investigation;

          ``(6) whenever an investigative subcommittee adopts a 

        statement of alleged violation and a respondent enters into an 

        agreement with that subcommittee to settle a complaint on which 

        that statement is based, that agreement, unless the respondent 

        requests otherwise, shall be in writing and signed by the 

        respondent and respondent's counsel, the chairman and ranking 

        minority member of the subcommittee, and the outside counsel, if 

        any;

          ``(7) statements or information derived solely from a 

        respondent or his counsel during any settlement discussions 

        between the committee or a subcommittee thereof and the 

        respondent shall not be included in any report of the 

        subcommittee or the committee or otherwise publicly disclosed 

        without the consent of the respondent; and

          ``(8) whenever a motion to establish an investigative 

        subcommittee does not prevail, the committee shall promptly send 


``SEC. 17. COMMITTEE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.
        a letter to the respondent informing him of such vote.

  ``The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct shall amend its rules 
to provide that--

          ``(1) whenever an investigative subcommittee does not adopt a 

        statement of alleged violation and transmits a report to that 

        effect to the committee, the committee may by an affirmative 

        vote of a majority of its members transmit such report to the 

        House of Representatives; and

          ``(2) whenever an investigative subcommittee adopts a 

        statement of alleged violation, the respondent admits to the 

        violations set forth in such statement, the respondent waives 

        his or her right to an adjudicatory hearing, and the 

        respondent's waiver is approved by the committee--

                  ``(A) the subcommittee shall prepare a report for 

                transmittal to the committee, a final draft of which 

                shall be provided to the respondent not less than 15 

                calendar days before the subcommittee votes on whether 

                to adopt the report;

                  ``(B) the respondent may submit views in writing 

                regarding the final draft to the subcommittee within 7 

                calendar days of receipt of that draft;

                  ``(C) the subcommittee shall transmit a report to the 

                committee regarding the statement of alleged violation 

                together with any views submitted by the respondent 

                pursuant to subparagraph (B), and the committee shall 

                make the report together with the respondent's views 

                available to the public before the commencement of any 

                sanction hearing; and

                  ``(D) the committee shall by an affirmative vote of a 

                majority of its members issue a report and transmit such 

                report to the House of Representatives, together with 

                the respondent's views previously submitted pursuant to 


[[Page 563]]

                subparagraph (B) and any ad

                ditional views respondent may submit for attachment to 

                the final report; and

          ``(3) members of the committee shall have not less than 72 

        hours to review any report transmitted to the committee by an 

        investigative subcommittee before both the commencement of a 

        sanction hearing and the committee vote on whether to adopt the 


        report.


``SEC. 20. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.
                                  * * *

  ``The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct shall--

          ``(1) clarify its rules to provide that whenever the committee 

        votes to authorize an investigation on its own initiative, the 

        chairman and ranking minority member shall establish an 

        investigative subcommittee to undertake such investigation;

          ``(2) revise its rules to refer to hearings held by an 

        adjudicatory subcommittee as adjudicatory hearings; and

          ``(3) make such other amendments to its rules as necessary to 


``SEC. 21. EFFECTIVE DATE.
        conform such rules to this resolution.


  ``This resolution and the amendments made by it apply with respect to 
any complaint or information offered as a complaint that is or has been 
filed during this Congress.''


                               __________


[[Page 564]]

engaged in the investigation of the operation and management of the 
Office of the Postmaster (July 22, 1992, p. 18786). In compliance with 
one such direction of the House, the Acting Chairman of the Committee on 
Standards of Official Conduct inserted in the Record names and pertinent 
account information of Members and former Members found to have abused 
the privileges of the ``bank'' in the Office of the Sergeant-at-Arms (H. 
Res. 393, Apr. 1, 1992, p. 7888). In the 106th Congress the chairman of 
the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct inserted in the Record an 
explanation of the committee's amendment to committee rule 20(f) to 
reflect that the full committee retains discretion whether to report to 
the House that an investigative subcommittee has not adopted a statement 
of alleged violation (Apr. 13, 2000, p. ----). In the 106th Congress the 
committee filed a report issuing a letter of reproval regarding the 
conduct of a Member (Oct. 16, 2000, p. ----).
  On occasions where the House has directed the committee to conduct 
specific investigations by separate resolution, it has authorized the 
committee to take depositions with one Member present, notwithstanding 
clause 2(h) of rule XI, to serve subpoenas within or without the United 
States, and to participate by special counsel in relevant judicial 
proceedings (see H. Res. 252, 95th Cong., Feb. 9, 1977, pp. 3966-75; H. 
Res. 608, Mar. 27, 1980, pp. 6995-98; H. Res. 254, June 30, 1983, p. 
18279), and to investigate persons other than Members, officers and 
employees with expanded subpoena authority (see H. Res. 1054, 94th 
Cong., Mar. 3, 1976, pp. 5165-68). By unanimous consent the committee 
was authorized to receive evidence and take testimony before a quorum of 
one of its Members for the remainder of the second session of the 100th 
Congress (Oct. 13, 1988, p. 30467). By resolutions considered as 
questions of the privileges of the House, the committee has been 
directed to investigate illegal solicitation of political contributions 
in the House Office Building by unnamed sitting Members (July 10, 1985, 
p. 18397); to review GAO audits of the operations of the ``bank'' in the 
Office of the Sergeant-at-Arms (Oct. 3, 1991, p. 25435), to disclose the 
names and pertinent account information of Members and former Members 
found to have abused the privileges of that entity (Mar. 12, 1992, p. 
5519), and to disclose further account information respecting Members 
and former Members having checks held by that entity (Mar. 12, 1992, p. 
5534); and to investigate violations of confidentiality by staff

  Under clause 3(b)(4) (former clause 4(e)(2)(D) of rule X), a member of 
the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct is ineligible to 
participate in a committee proceeding relating to that member's official 
conduct. Upon notification to the Speaker of such ineligibility, the 
Speaker designates another Member of the same political party as the 
ineligible member to serve on the committee during proceedings relating 
to that conduct (Speaker O'Neill, Feb. 5, 1980, p. 1908; July 23, 1996, 
p. 18596). Under clause 3(b)(5) (former clause 4(e)(2)(E) of rule X), a 
member of the committee may be recused from serving on the committee 
during proceedings relating to a pending investigation by submitting an 
affidavit of disqualification to the committee stating that the member 
cannot render an impartial and unbiased decision relating to that 
investigation. If the committee accepts the affidavit, the chairman 
notifies the Speaker and requests the Speaker to designate another 
Member from the same political party as the disqualified member to serve 
on the committee during proceedings relating to that investigation 
(Speaker O'Neill, Mar. 18, 1980).



[[Page 565]]

Audio and visual coverage of committee proceedings
  The committee has compiled statutory and rule-based ethical standards 
in the House Ethics Manual (102d Cong., 2d Sess.). In the Manual, the 
committee incorporates its advisory opinions issued under clause 3(a)(4) 
(former clause 4(e)(1)(D) of rule X), together with advisory opinions 
issued by the former Select Committee on Ethics, in its discussions of 
various ethical issues, including gifts, outside income, financial 
disclosure, staff rights and duties, official allowances and franking, 
casework considerations, campaign financing and practices, and 
involvement with official and unofficial organizations. The committee 
has also compiled a complete statement of the rules on gifts and travel, 
which supersedes Chapter 2 of the 1992 House Ethics Manual (Gifts and 
Travel, 106th Cong., 2d Sess.).



Sec. 807. Coverage of committee proceedings.

  4.  (a) The purpose 
of this clause is to provide a means, in conformity with acceptable 
standards of dignity, propriety, and decorum, by which committee 
hearings or committee meetings that are open to the public may be 
covered by audio and visual means--


      (1) for the education, enlightenment, and information of the 
general public, on the basis of accurate and impartial news coverage, 
regarding the operations, procedures, and practices of the House as a 
legislative and representative body, and regarding the measures, public 
issues, and other matters before the House and its committees, the 
consideration thereof, and the action taken thereon; and

      (2) for the development of the perspective and understanding of 
the general public with respect to the role and function of the House 
under the Constitution as an institution of the Federal Government.

  (b) In addition, it is the intent of this clause that radio and 
television tapes and television film of any coverage under this clause 
may not be used, or made available for use, as partisan political 
campaign material to promote or oppose the candidacy of any person for 
elective public office.


[[Page 566]]

covered under authority of this clause by audio or visual means, and the 
personal behavior of the committee members and staff, other Government 
officials and personnel, witnesses, television, radio, and press media 
personnel, and the general public at the hearing or other meeting, shall 
be in strict conformity with and observance of the acceptable standards 
of dignity, propriety, courtesy, and decorum traditionally observed by 
the House in its operations, and may not be such as to--


Sec. 808. Media coverage.

  (c) It is,  further, the intent of 
this clause that the general conduct of each meeting (whether of a 
hearing or otherwise)


      (1) distort the objects and purposes of the hearing or other 
meeting or the activities of committee members in connection with that 
hearing or meeting or in connection with the general work of the 
committee or of the House; or

      (2) cast discredit or dishonor on the House, the committee, or a 
Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner or bring the House, the 
committee, or a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner into 
disrepute.

  (d) The coverage of committee hearings and meetings by audio and 
visual means shall be permitted and conducted only in strict conformity 
with the purposes, provisions, and requirements of this clause.


[[Page 567]]

or still cameras to fewer than two representatives from each medium 
(except for legitimate space or safety considerations, in which case 
pool coverage shall be authorized).


Sec. 809. When permitted.

  (e) Whenever  a hearing or meeting 
conducted by a committee or subcommittee is open to the public, those 
proceedings shall be open to coverage by audio and visual means. A 
committee or subcommittee chairman may not limit the number of 
television




Sec. 810. Committee rules.

  (f) Each  committee shall adopt 
written rules to govern its implementation of this clause. Such rules 
shall contain provisions to the following effect:


      (1) If audio or visual coverage of the hearing or meeting is to be 
presented to the public as live coverage, that coverage shall be 
conducted and presented without commercial sponsorship.

      (2) The allocation among the television media of the positions or 
the number of television cameras permitted by a committee or 
subcommittee chairman in a hearing or meeting room shall be in 
accordance with fair and equitable procedures devised by the Executive 
Committee of the Radio and Television Correspondents' Galleries.

      (3) Television cameras shall be placed so as not to obstruct in 
any way the space between a witness giving evidence or testimony and any 
member of the committee or the visibility of that witness and that 
member to each other.

      (4) Television cameras shall operate from fixed positions but may 
not be placed in positions that obstruct unnecessarily the coverage of 
the hearing or meeting by the other media.


[[Page 568]]

stalled in, or removed from, the hearing or meeting room while the 
committee is in session.
      (5) Equipment necessary for coverage by the television and radio 
media may not be in

      (6)(A) Except as provided in subdivision (B), floodlights, 
spotlights, strobelights, and flash-
guns may not be used in providing any method of coverage of the hearing 
or meeting.

      (B) The television media may install additional lighting in a 
hearing or meeting room, without cost to the Government, in order to 
raise the ambient lighting level in a hearing or meeting room to the 
lowest level necessary to provide adequate television coverage of a 
hearing or meeting at the current state of the art of television 
coverage.

      (7) In the allocation of the number of still photographers 
permitted by a committee or subcommittee chairman in a hearing or 
meeting room, preference shall be given to photographers from Associated 
Press Photos and United Press International Newspictures. If requests 
are made by more of the media than will be permitted by a committee or 
subcommittee chairman for coverage of a hearing or meeting by still 
photography, that coverage shall be permitted on the basis of a fair and 
equitable pool arrangement devised by the Standing Committee of Press 
Photographers.


[[Page 569]]



Sec. 811. Press photographers.

      (8)  Photographers may not 
position themselves between the witness table and the members of the 
committee at any time during the course of a hearing or meeting.


      (9) Photographers may not place themselves in positions that 
obstruct unnecessarily the coverage of the hearing by the other media.

      (10) Personnel providing coverage by the television and radio 
media shall be currently accredited to the Radio and Television 
Correspondents' Galleries.



Sec. 812. Accreditation.

      (11)  Personnel providing 
coverage by still photography shall be currently accredited to the Press 
Photographers' Gallery.



      (12) Personnel providing coverage by the television and radio 
media and by still photography shall conduct themselves and their 
coverage activities in an orderly and unobtrusive manner.


[[Page 570]]

105th Congress (H. Res. 301, Nov. 12, 1997, p. ----). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former clause 3 of rule XI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

Pay of witnesses
  The rule permitting broadcasting of committee hearings was contained 
in section 116(b) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 
Stat. 1140) and became part of the rules in the 92d Congress (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). In the 93d Congress (H. Res. 1107, July 22, 
1974, p. 24447), the rule was amended to permit committees to adopt 
rules allowing coverage of committee meetings as well as hearings. 
Paragraphs (e), (f)(3), (f)(5), and (f)(8) of this clause were amended 
in the 99th Congress to remove the limit on the number of television 
cameras (previously four) and press photographers (previously five) 
covering committee proceedings, and to provide the committee or 
subcommittee chairman with the discretion to determine the appropriate 
number (H. Res. 7, Jan. 3, 1985, p. 393). At the beginning of the 104th 
Congress paragraph (d) was amended to delete the former characterization 
of broadcast and photographic coverage of committee meetings and 
hearings as ``a privilege made available by the House,'' and paragraph 
(e) was amended to eliminate the requirement that a committee vote to 
permit broadcast and photographic coverage of open hearings and meetings 
and to prohibit chairmen from limiting coverage to less than two 
representatives from each medium, except where space or safety 
considerations warrant pool coverage (sec. 105, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, 
p. 463). Later in the 104th Congress this clause was again amended to 
make conforming changes in its heading and in paragraph (f) (H. Res. 
254, Nov. 30, 1995, p. 35077). Former clause 4(f)(2), permitting a 
witness to terminate audio and visual (including photographic) coverage, 
was eliminated in the




Sec. 813. Fees of witnesses before the House or 
committees.

  5.  Witnesses appearing before the House or any of its 
committees shall be paid the same per diem rate as established, 
authorized, and regulated by the Committee on House Administration for 
Members, Delegates, the Resident Commissioner, and employees of the 
House, plus actual expenses of travel to or from the place of 
examination. Such per diem may not be paid when a witness has been 
summoned at the place of examination.


  This clause (former rule XXXV) was adopted in 1872, with amendments in 
1880 (III, 1825), 1930 (VI, 393), April 19, 1955 (p. 4722), August 12, 
1969 (H. Res. 495, 91st Cong., p. 23355), and July 28, 1975 (H. Res. 
517, 94th Cong. p. 25258). The last amendment eliminated the specific 
per diem and travel rate of reimbursement and allowed actual travel 
costs and per diem for witnesses requested or subpoenaed to appear at 
the same rate as established by the Committee on House Administration 
for Members and employees. In the 104th and 106th Congresses it was 
amended to conform references to a renamed committee (sec. 202(b), H. 
Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 467; H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Before 
the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was 
found in former rule XXXV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). For 
further provisions relating to witnesses, see clauses 2(j) and (k) of 
rule XI (Sec. Sec. 802-803, supra).



[[Page 571]]

Unfinished business of the session
  Regulations of the Committee on House Administration do not permit per 
diem reimbursement for witnesses. Regulations for reimbursement of 
actual travel costs may be found in the Committees' Congressional 
Handbook, Committee on House Administration, under the section entitled 
``Hearings and Meetings.''




Sec. 814. Resumption of business of a preceding 
session.

  6. All business  of the House at the end of one session shall be resumed at 
the commencement of the next session of the same Congress in the same 
manner as if no adjournment had taken place.


  At first the Congress attempted to follow the rule of the English 
Parliament that business unfinished in one session should begin anew at 
the next; but in 1818, after an investigation of a joint committee in 
1816, a rule was adopted that House bills remaining undetermined in the 
House should be continued at the next session after six days. This rule 
did not reach House bills sent to the Senate; but in 1848 the two Houses 
remedied this omission by a joint rule. Business referred to committees 
of the House was still subject to the old rule of Parliament; but in 
1860 the present rule was adopted as a supplement to the rule of 1818. 
In 1890, desiring to do away with the limitation of the six days and 
apparently overlooking the main purpose of the rule of 1818, the House 
rescinded that portion of this provision which dated from 1818. Also, in 
1876 the joint rules were abrogated, leaving no provision, except the 
headline of the rule, for the continuance of business not before 
committees. The practice, however, had become so well established that 
no question has ever been raised (V, 6727). Before the House recodified 
its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former rule 
XXVI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).




[[Page 572]]
 
  The business of conferences between the two Houses is not interrupted 
by an adjournment of a session which does not terminate the Congress (V, 
6260-6262), and even where one House asks a conference at one session 
the other may agree to it in the next session (V, 6286). Where bills 
were enrolled and signed by the presiding officers of the two Houses at 
the close of one session they were sent to the President and approved at 
the beginning of the next session (IV, 3486-3488).

                                Rule XII


Messages
              receipt and referral of measures and matters




Sec. 815. Entry of messages in the Journal and 
Record.

  1.  Messages received from the Senate, or from the President, 
shall be entered on the Journal and published in the Congressional 
Record of the proceedings of that day.


  This provision was adopted in 1867 and amended in 1880 (V, 6593). It 
was renumbered January 3, 1953 (p. 24). Before the House recodified its 
rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former rule 
XXXIX (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


Referral
  The House may receive a message from the Senate when the Senate is not 
in session (VIII, 3338).



Sec. 816. Referral procedures.

  2.  (a) The Speaker shall refer 
each bill, resolution, or other matter that relates to a subject listed 
under a standing committee named in clause 1 of rule X in accordance 
with the provisions of this clause.



[[Page 573]]

  (b) The Speaker shall refer matters under paragraph (a) in such manner 
as to ensure to the maximum extent feasible that each committee that has 
jurisdiction under clause 1 of rule X over the subject matter of a 
provision thereof may consider such provision and report to the House 
thereon. Precedents, rulings, or procedures in effect before the Ninety-
Fourth Congress shall be applied to referrals under this clause only to 
the extent that they will contribute to the achievement of the 
objectives of this clause.

  (c) In carrying out paragraphs (a) and (b) with respect to the 
referral of a matter, the Speaker--

      (1) shall designate a committee of primary jurisdiction;

      (2) may refer the matter to one or more additional committees for 
consideration in sequence, either initially or after the matter has been 
reported by the committee of primary jurisdiction;

      (3) may refer portions of the matter reflecting different subjects 
and jurisdictions to one or more additional committees;

      (4) may refer the matter to a special, ad hoc committee appointed 
by the Speaker with the approval of the House, and including members of 
the committees of jurisdiction, for the specific purpose of considering 
that matter and reporting to the House thereon;

      (5) may subject a referral to appropriate time limitations; and


      (6) may make such other provision as may be considered 
appropriate.


[[Page 574]]

on Armed Services (military applications of nuclear energy), Interior 
and Insular Affairs (now Resources) (regulation of the domestic nuclear 
energy industry, since transferred to the Committee on Energy and 
Commerce in the 104th Congress), Foreign Affairs (now International 
Relations) (nonproliferation of nuclear energy and international nuclear 
export agreements), Interstate and Foreign Commerce (now Energy and 
Commerce) (the same jurisdiction over nuclear energy as exercised over 
other energy), and Science and Technology (now Science) (nondefense 
nuclear research and development). In addition, the Committee on 
Interstate and Foreign Commerce (now Energy and Commerce) was given 
oversight jurisdiction over all laws, programs, and government 
activities affecting nuclear energy. Paragraph (e) was deleted entirely 
in the 97th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1981, p. 98). At the same time 
the House deleted former paragraph (d) which required the Congressional 
Research Service of the Library of Congress to prepare factual 
descriptions of each bill or resolution introduced in the House to be 
published in the Congressional Record. Before the House recodified its 
rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 5 
of rule X (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).
  This provision became effective as part of the rules on January 3, 
1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). Prior to that 
time a bill or resolution could not be divided for reference among two 
or more committees, although it contained matter properly within the 
jurisdiction of several committees (IV, 4361). Paragraph (c) was amended 
on January 4, 1977 (H. Res. 5, pp. 53-70) to authorize the Speaker to 
place an appropriate time limit for consideration by the first committee 
or committees to which referred. In the 104th Congress paragraph (c) was 
again amended to require the Speaker to initially designate a committee 
of primary jurisdiction in each referral of a measure to more than one 
committee (sec. 205, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 467). A paragraph (e) 
was added to the clause on January 4, 1977 (H. Res. 5, pp. 53-70) to 
abolish the legislative jurisdiction in the House of the Joint Committee 
on Atomic Energy. The legislative jurisdiction of the Joint Committee 
was divided among the Committees

  An order of the House that no organizational or legislative business 
be conducted on certain days (first by provision of a concurrent 
resolution, but extended by unanimous consent) was considered not to 
deprive Members of the privilege of introducing bills and resolutions 
during pro forma sessions on those days, such measures being numbered on 
the day introduced but not noted in the Record or referred to committee 
until the day on which business was resumed (H. Con. Res. 260, 102d 
Cong., Nov. 26, 1991, p. 35840; see Jan. 22, 1992, p. 149, and Jan. 28, 
1992, p. 745).


[[Page 575]]

reference to committees (Speaker Hastert, Apr. 26, 1999, p. ----) and 
may set appropriate time limitations on the initial reference to each 
committee (Speaker O'Neill, Feb. 16, 1977, p. 4532); may sequentially 
refer a bill reported by one committee, with a committee amendment, to 
another committee for consideration of the bill and amendment of the 
previous committee (Speaker O'Neill, Oct. 13, 1977, p. 33716); may 
sequentially refer to a third committee a portion of an amendment in the 
nature of a substitute recommended by one of two committees to which the 
bill had been referred, after the second committee reports the bill 
(Speaker O'Neill, May 22, 1985, p. 13126); may refer sequentially to two 
committees only a portion of the amendment reported by the primary 
committee for consideration of such provisions within that portion as 
fall within their respective jurisdictions (Speaker Wright, Sept. 9, 
1987, p. 23648); may discharge a reported bill from the Union Calendar 
for sequential reference to another committee (Speaker O'Neill, Apr. 27, 
1978, p. 11742; June 19, 1986, p. 14741; June 12, 1990, p. 13670); may 
discharge a committee from further consideration of a bill not reported 
by it within the time period for which the bill was referred by the 
Speaker and place the bill on the appropriate calendar (May 8, 1978, p. 
12924); may jointly refer designated portions of a bill to a second 
committee while referring the entire bill to another committee (Speaker 
O'Neill, Mar. 3, 1982, p. 3155); may delimit the period for sequential 
consideration of a bill in terms of legislative days (June 30, 1988, p. 
16597); may sequentially refer a bill without day (Sept. 27, 1988, p. 
25827); may sequentially refer a bill back to the first-reporting 
committee when it is reported from the second-reporting committee with a 
nongermane amendment within the jurisdiction of the first committee and 
not within the bounds of the initial referral (Oct. 4, 1988, p. 28242); 
and may refer a bill primarily to one committee (as now required by 
paragraph (c)) while also referring it initially to additional 
committees for time periods to be subsequently determined when the 
primary committee reports, in each case for consideration of matters 
within their respective jurisdictions (Speaker Gingrich, Jan. 4, 1995, 
p. 123). A bill initially referred to more than one committee and 
reported by the primary committee with an amendment in the nature of a 
substitute may be sequentially referred to yet another committee for 
consideration of specified portions of the introduced bill (Sept. 12, 
1995, p. 24791).
  Pursuant to his authority under this clause, subject to paragraph (c), 
the Speaker may refer a bill to a special ad hoc committee appointed by 
him with the approval of the House (from the members of the committees 
with legislative jurisdiction) for consideration and report on that 
particular bill (Speaker Albert, Apr. 22, 1975, p. 11261); may jointly 
refer a report of a select committee filed with the Clerk to standing 
committees of the House for their study (Speaker Albert, Feb. 16, 1976, 
p. 3158); may divide a communication or bill for reference where the 
proposition is divisible by jurisdiction (Feb. 4, 1975, p. 2253; Apr. 
26, 1999, p. ----); may refer a bill to more than one committee for 
their respective consideration of such provisions of the bill as fall 
within their jurisdiction (Speaker Albert, Feb. 25, 1976, p. 4315); may 
sequentially refer a bill reported from a committee to other committees 
for a time certain for consideration of such portions of the bill as 
fall within their respective jurisdictions (Speaker Albert, Apr. 9, 
1976, p. 10265; May 17, 1976, p. 14093); may limit a sequential referral 
to matters having a direct effect on subjects within the committee's 
jurisdiction (Speaker O'Neill, June 7, 1983, p. 14699); may extend the 
time period of a sequentially referred bill and may refer the bill to 
yet another committee under the same sequential referral conditions 
(Speaker Albert, June 1, 1976, p. 16588); may divide a matter for 
initial


[[Page 576]]

by the primary committee would delete portions of the bill within the 
jurisdiction of the sequential committee) (Speaker Hastert, May 10, 
1999, p. ----). In the 96th Congress, the Speaker had followed a more 
restrictive policy, permitting a sequential committee to review (1) 
those portions of introduced text within its jurisdiction and (2) those 
portions of an amendment within its jurisdiction when the introduced 
version also dictated a sequential referral to the committee (Speaker 
O'Neill, Apr. 15, 1980, p. 7760). The Speaker first exercised the 
authority to base referrals on committee amendments by sequentially 
referring a bill reported from the Committee on Public Works and 
Transportation (now Transportation and Infrastructure), relating only to 
Corps of Engineers water projects as introduced but amended in committee 
to address general water resource policy affecting irrigation and 
reclamation projects and soil conservation programs, to the Committees 
on Agriculture and Interior and Insular Affairs (now Resources) for 
consideration of provisions of the committee amendment within their 
jurisdiction (Speaker O'Neill, May 20, 1981, p. 10361). Thus the Speaker 
may sequentially refer a reported bill to another committee solely for 
consideration of provisions of the first committee's amendment within 
its jurisdiction and not for consideration of the entire bill (Apr. 5, 
1982, p. 6580), may sequentially refer a reported bill to two other 
committees for different periods of time, solely for consideration of 
designated sections of the first committee's recommended amendment (May 
18, 1982, p. 10418; Aug. 1, 1985, p. 22681), may discharge from the 
Union Calendar and sequentially refer to another committee a bill solely 
for consideration of designated portions of the first committee's 
amendment (May 21, 1982, p. 11169), and may sequentially refer a bill 
which has been initially referred to several committees but reported 
only by one, for consideration of the reporting committee's amendment 
(June 17, 1982, p. 14069; Sept. 5, 1990, p. 23477), and may sequentially 
refer a bill referred to more than one committee when the first 
committee reports, for a period ending a number of days after the next 
committee reports (Speaker O'Neill, Aug. 1, 1985, p. 22681), or after 
all committees report (June 10, 1988, p. 14079).
  The Speaker announced a new application of his authority on sequential 
referrals in the 97th Congress, namely that the sequential referral of 
any bills or resolutions from a committee initially reporting a bill 
would be based upon the subject matter contained in any amendment 
recommended by the reporting committee, as well as upon the original 
text of the bill or resolution (Speaker O'Neill, Jan. 5, 1981, pp. 115, 
116), or, as announced in the 100th Congress, in certain cases, based 
only upon the text of a reported substitute amendment in lieu of 
original text (Speaker Wright, Jan. 6, 1987, p. 22). The Speaker also 
may base a sequential referral only on the text of the bill as 
introduced (where the amendment recommended

  On the last day of an expiring sequential referral, a committee has 
until midnight to file its report with the Clerk (Oct. 9, 1991, p. 
26045).


[[Page 577]]

a date certain (Speaker O'Neill, July 31, 1985, p. 21936). In the 98th 
Congress, the Speaker exercised his authority under this clause to 
sequentially refer a joint resolution making continuing appropriations, 
reported as privileged by the Committee on Appropriations, to the 
committee having legislative jurisdiction over a legislative provision 
in the resolution, without a time limitation on the sequential referral 
(H.J. Res. 367, Sept. 22, 1983, p. 25523).
  Before paragraph (c) was amended in the 104th Congress to require the 
Speaker to designate a committee of primary jurisdiction, the Speaker 
announced at the convening of the 98th Congress that he would exercise 
his authority, in situations which warranted it, to designate a primary 
committee among those to which a bill was jointly referred, and to 
impose time limits on committees having a secondary interest following 
the report of the primary committee under a joint referral (Speaker 
O'Neill, Jan. 3, 1983, p. 54; Jan. 5, 1993, p. 105). The Speaker may 
exercise this authority by referring a bill concurrently to two 
committees, with a time limit on one of the committees ending within a 
certain period after the other committee reports to the House (Jan. 27, 
1983, p. 937; Feb. 2, 1983, p. 1492; Apr. 9, 1987, p. 8665) or with a 
time limit on one committee ending with

  Pursuant to the Speaker's authority under clause 2 of rule XIV (former 
clause 2 of rule XXIV), relating to messages from the Senate, he has 
discretionary authority to refer from the Speaker's table to standing 
committees, Senate amendments to House-passed bills, under any 
conditions permitted under this provision for introduced bills; he may 
for example impose a time limitation for consideration only of a portion 
of the Senate amendment, not germane to the original House bill, by the 
standing committee with subject-matter jurisdiction, without referring 
the remainder of the Senate amendment to the House committee with 
jurisdiction over the original House bill (Speaker O'Neill, H.R. 31, 
Mar. 26, 1981, p. 5397). Beginning with the 98th Congress, the Speaker 
announced a policy of referring nongermane Senate amendments under 
certain conditions (Jan. 3, 1983, p. 54; Jan. 5, 1993, p. 105).

  Resolutions authorizing the Speaker to establish an ad hoc committee 
for the consideration of a particular bill under paragraph (c) of this 
clause, and extending the reporting date for such a committee, are 
privileged when offered from the floor at the Speaker's request (Speaker 
Albert, Apr. 22, 1975, p. 11261; Jan. 26, 1976, p. 876; Speaker O'Neill, 
Jan. 11, 1977, pp. 894-98; Apr. 21, 1977, pp. 11550-56).

  The Speaker may refer to an ad hoc committee, established with the 
approval of the House, bills, resolutions, and other matters (including 
messages and communications) for the purpose of considering such matters 
and reporting to the House thereon, and the resolution creating such a 
committee may specify whether referrals to such a committee shall be by 
initial or sequential reference or by any of the other methods provided 
by this clause (H. Res. 508, Apr. 21, 1977, pp. 11550-56; Speaker 
O'Neill, July 11, 1977, p. 22183; July 20, 1977, p. 24167). Further, 
under paragraph (c), the Speaker may divide a bill into two or more 
parts for initial reference to different committees and may also jointly 
refer a portion of the bill to some of those committees, and may set 
appropriate time limitations for reporting by every standing committee 
to which the bill is initially referred (Speaker O'Neill, May 2, 1977, 
p. 13184).



[[Page 578]]


  Clause 7 provides the mechanism for changes of referrals erroneously 
made.




Sec. 817. Restriction on the reference of claims.

  (d)  A bill 
for the payment or adjudication of a private claim against the 
Government may not be referred to a committee other than the Committee 
on International Relations or the Committee on the Judiciary, except by 
unanimous consent.


  The present form of this paragraph was made effective January 2, 1947, 
as a part of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812). 
It was amended several times to conform references to renamed committees 
(H. Res. 163, Mar. 19, 1975, p. 7343; H. Res. 89, Feb. 5, 1979, p. 1848; 
sec. 202(b), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 467). The old rule, adopted in 
1885 and amended May 29, 1936, provided that private claims bills be 
referred to a Committee on Invalid Pensions, Claims, War Claims, Public 
Lands, and Accounts, in addition to the Committees on Foreign Affairs 
(now International Relations) and the Judiciary. Certain private bills, 
resolutions and amendments are barred (see Sec. 822, infra). Before the 
House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was 
found in former clause 4 of rule XXI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


Petitions, memorials, and private bills
  Under this paragraph unanimous consent is required for the reference 
of a bill for the payment of a private claim to a committee other than 
the Committee on the Judiciary or the Committee on International 
Relations (May 4, 1978, p. 12615). The Committee on the Judiciary, and 
not the Committee on Ways and Means, has jurisdiction over a private 
bill specifying that a certain annuity fund is exempt from taxation 
under provisions of the Internal Revenue Code (Deschler's Precedents, 
vol. 4, ch. 17, sec. 43.22).


[[Page 579]]

senting it and shall be printed in the Congressional Record.



Sec. 818. Introduction and reference of petitions, 
memorials, and private bills.

  3. If a  Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner has a petition, memorial, or private bill to present, he 
shall endorse his name, deliver it to the Clerk, and may specify the 
reference or disposition to be made thereof. Such petition, memorial, or 
private bill (except when judged by the Speaker to be obscene or 
insulting) shall be entered on the Journal with the name of the Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner pre


  At the first organization of the House in 1789 the rules then adopted 
provided for the presentation of petitions to the House by the Speaker 
and Members, and for the introduction of bills by motion for leave. In 
1842 it was found necessary, in order to save time, to provide that 
petitions and memorials should be filed with the Clerk. In 1870, 1879, 
and 1887 the practice as to petitions was extended to private bills, at 
first as to certain classes and later so that all should be filed with 
the Clerk (IV, 3312, 3365; VII, 1024). Before the House recodified its 
rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 1 
of rule XXII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



Sec. 819. Duties of Speaker and Members 
in presenting petitions.

  Petitions, memorials,  and other papers addressed to the House may 
be presented by the Speaker as well as by a Member (IV, 3312). Petitions 
from the country at large are presented by the Speaker in the manner 
prescribed by the rule (III, 2030; IV, 3318; VII, 1025). A Member may 
present a petition from the people of a State other than his own (IV, 
3315, 3316). The House itself may refer one portion of a petition to one 
committee and another portion to another committee (IV, 3359, 3360), but 
ordinarily the reference of a petition does not come before the House 
itself. A committee may receive a petition only through the House (IV, 
4557).




Sec. 820. As to division of bills for 
reference.

  The parliamentary  law provides that the House may commit a portion of a bill, 
or a part to one committee and part to another (V, 5558), yet under the 
practice of the House until January 3, 1975, a bill or joint resolution 
could not be divided for reference, although it might contain matters 
properly within the jurisdiction of several committees (IV, 4372, 4376). 
On that date, the Speaker was given authority over referral of bills as 
prescribed in clause 2 of this rule (former clause 5 of rule X). In the 
106th Congress the Speaker referred a bill by title to two committees 
(H.R. 1554, Apr. 26, 1999, p. ----).





Sec. 821. Fraudulent introduction of a 
bill.

  The fraudulent  introduction of a bill involves a question of privilege, and a 
bill so introduced was ordered stricken from the files (IV, 3388). As 
the result of the unauthorized introduction of several bills without the 
knowledge of the Members listed as sponsors, the Speaker directed that 
all bills and resolutions must be signed by the prime sponsor thereof in 
order to be accepted for introduction (Speaker Albert, Feb. 3, 1972, p. 
2521).



[[Page 580]]

not be received or considered in the House if it authorizes or directs--


Sec. 822. Certain private bills prohibited.

  4. A  private 
bill or private resolution (including an omnibus claim or pension bill), 
or amendment thereto, may


      (a) the payment of money for property damages, for personal 
injuries or death for which suit may be instituted under the Tort Claims 
Procedure provided in title 28, United States Code, or for a pension 
(other than to carry out a provision of law or treaty stipulation);

      (b) the construction of a bridge across a navigable stream; or


      (c) the correction of a military or naval record.


Prohibition on commemorations
  This paragraph derives from section 131 of the Legislative 
Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812) and was made a part of the 
standing rules January 3, 1953 (p. 24). Before the House recodified its 
rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 
2(a) of rule XXII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). The prohibition 
relating to correction of a miltary record does not apply to a private 
bill that changes the computation of retired pay for a former member of 
the armed services (after exhaustion of administrative remedies) but 
does not directly correct his military record (Sept. 18, 1984, p. 
25824).



Sec. 823. Commemoratives prohibited.

  5. (a)  A bill or 
resolution, or an amendment thereto, may not be introduced or considered 
in the House if it establishes or expresses a commemoration.



  (b) In this clause the term ``commemoration'' means a remembrance, 
celebration, or recognition for any purpose through the designation of a 
specified period of time.


[[Page 581]]

ommendations thereon (sec. 216, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 468). Before 
the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was 
found in former clause 2(b) of rule XXII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. --
--).

Excluded matters
  The 104th Congress added the prohibition against commemorative 
legislation and directed the Committee on Government Reform and 
Oversight (now Government Reform) to consider alternative means for 
establishing commemorations, including the creation of an independent or 
executive branch commission for such purpose, and to report to the House 
any rec




Sec. 824. Correction of errors in reference; and relation to 
jurisdiction.

  6. A  petition, memorial, bill, or resolution excluded under 
this rule shall be returned to the Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner from whom it was received. A petition or private bill that 
has been inappropriately referred may, by direction of the committee 
having possession of it, be properly referred in the manner originally 
presented. An erroneous reference of a petition or private bill under 
this clause does not confer jurisdiction on a committee to consider or 
report it.


  This clause of the rule was first adopted in 1880, although the 
portion relating to the return of certain petitions and bills was 
adapted from an older rule of 1842 (IV, 3312, 3365). In the 104th 
Congress it was amended to conform to the new prohibition against 
commemorative legislation (sec. 216, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 468). 
Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 3 of rule XXII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).



[[Page 582]]

Sponsorship
  Errors in reference of petitions, memorials, or private bills are 
corrected at the Clerk's table, without action by the House, at the 
suggestion of the committee holding possession (IV, 4379). As provided 
in the rule, the erroneous reference of a private House bill does not 
confer jurisdiction, and a point of order is good when the bill comes up 
for consideration either in the House or in the Committee of the Whole 
(IV, 4382-4389). But in cases wherein the House itself refers a private 
House or Senate bill a point of order may not be raised as to 
jurisdiction (IV, 4390, 4391; VII, 2131). The Speaker may correct the 
erroneous referral of a bill as private by referring it to the 
appropriate (Union) calendar as a public bill when reported (June 1, 
1988, p. 13184).



Sec. 825. Introduction, reference, and change of 
reference of public bills, memorials, and resolutions.

  7. (a) Bills,  memorials, 
petitions, and resolutions, endorsed with the names of Members, 
Delegates, or the Resident Commissioner introducing them, may be 
delivered to the Speaker to be referred. The titles and references of 
all bills, memorials, petitions, resolutions, and other documents 
referred under this rule shall be entered on the Journal and printed in 
the Congressional Record. An erroneous reference may be corrected by the 
House in accordance with rule X on any day immediately after the Pledge 
of Allegiance to the Flag by unanimous consent or motion. Such a motion 
shall be privileged if offered by direction of a committee to which the 
bill has been erroneously referred or by direction of a committee 
claiming jurisdiction and shall be decided without debate.


  (b)(1) The primary sponsor of a public bill or public resolution may 
name cosponsors. The name of a cosponsor added after the initial 
printing of a bill or resolution shall appear in the next printing of 
the bill or resolution on the written request of the primary sponsor. 
Such a request may be submitted to the Speaker at any time until the 
last committee authorized to consider and report the bill or resolution 
reports it to the House or is discharged from its consideration.


[[Page 583]]

the Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner whose name is to be 
deleted or by the primary sponsor of the bill or resolution, and only 
until the last committee authorized to consider and report the bill or 
resolution reports it to the House or is discharged from its 
consideration. The Speaker may not entertain a request to delete the 
name of the primary sponsor of a bill or resolution. A deletion shall be 
indicated by date in the next printing of the bill or resolution.
  (2) The name of a cosponsor of a bill or resolution may be deleted by 
unanimous consent. The Speaker may entertain such a request only by

  (3) The addition or deletion of the name of a cosponsor of a bill or 
resolution shall be entered on the Journal and printed in the 
Congressional Record of that day.


  (4) A bill or resolution shall be reprinted on the written request of 
the primary sponsor. Such a request may be submitted to the Speaker only 
when 20 or more cosponsors have been added since the last printing of 
the bill or resolution.

  The rule of 1789 provided that all bills should be introduced on 
report of a committee or by motion for leave. By various modifications 
it was first provided that all classes of private bills should be 
introduced by filing them with the Clerk, and in 1890 this system was by 
this rule extended to all public bills (IV, 3365). In the 105th and 
107th Congresses paragraph (a) was amended to effect technical 
corrections (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----; sec. 2(x), H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). Before the House recodified its rules in the 
106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 4 of rule XXII 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  At its organization for the 106th Congress the House adopted an order 
of the House that the first 10 bill numbers be reserved for assignment 
by the Speaker during a specified period (sec. 2(g), H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). In the 107th Congress the House adopted the same order, 
but extending the applicable time period to the entire first session 
(sec. 3(d), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).


[[Page 584]]

in order on Calendar Wednesday (VII, 2117), and is not privileged under 
the rule if the original reference was not erroneous (VII, 2125). The 
motion may be amended, but the amendment, like the original motion, is 
subject to the requirement that it be authorized by the committee (VII, 
2127). The motion must apply to a single bill and not to a class of 
bills (VII, 2125).
  The motion for a change of reference and subsidiary motions take 
precedence over motions to go into the Committee of the Whole for the 
consideration of appropriation bills and the consideration of conference 
reports (VII, 2124), and may not be debated (VII, 2126-2128). But the 
motion is not

  According to the later practice the erroneous reference of a public 
bill, if it remain uncorrected, in effect gives jurisdiction to the 
committee receiving it (IV, 4365-4371; VII, 1489, 2108-2113; VIII, 
2312). And it is too late to move a change of reference after such 
committee has reported the bill (VII, 2110; VIII, 2312), but the Speaker 
may, pursuant to authority granted him by clause 2 (former clause 5 of 
rule X) effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, 
p. 34470), refer a bill sequentially to other committees. All bills and 
resolutions must be signed by the primary sponsor thereof (Speaker 
Albert, Feb. 3, 1972, p. 2521).

  Joint sponsorship of public bills by not more than 25 Members was 
authorized in the 90th Congress (H. Res. 42, Apr. 25, 1967, p. 10712). 
Prior thereto a special committee had reported against this practice and 
the report had been adopted by the House (VII, 1029). Effective January 
3, 1979 (H. Res. 86, 95th Cong., Oct. 10, 1978, p. 34929), paragraph (b) 
was added to allow unlimited cosponsorship and to provide a mechanism 
for Members to add their names as cosponsors to bills or resolutions 
which have already been introduced, up until the bill is finally 
reported from committee, and on January 15, 1979, the Speaker announced 
his directive for the processing of lists of cosponsors pursuant to the 
new clause (Speaker O'Neill, Jan. 15, 1979, p. 19).

  Although, prior to the 106th Congress, paragraph (b)(2) only permitted 
a cosponsoring Member himself to request unanimous consent for his 
deletion as a cosponsor, the primary sponsor of a measure was permitted 
to request unanimous consent to delete from the permanent Record the 
name of a cosponsor he had inadvertently or erroneously listed (Feb. 9, 
1982). This practice was codified in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 
6, 1999, p. ----). Unanimous-consent requests to delete Members' names 
as cosponsors are not entertained after the last committee authorized to 
consider the bill has reported to the House (or has been discharged from 
further consideration) (Oct. 8, 1985, p. 26668; Feb. 10, 2000, p. ----), 
and the Speaker has vacated unanimous-consent orders of the House to 
delete cosponsors when advised that the bill had already been reported 
(Aug. 5, 1987, p. 22458). A Member may request unanimous consent that 
his name be deleted as a cosponsor of an unreported bill during its 
consideration under suspension of the rules and prior to a final vote 
thereon (June 9, 1986, p. 12979).


[[Page 585]]

tual primary sponsor is no longer a Member (June 23, 1989, p. 13271; 
Apr. 5, 2000, p. ----), but the Chair will not otherwise entertain a 
request to add cosponsors by a Member other than the primary sponsor 
(Mar. 5, 1991, p. 5026). In fact, the Chair will not entertain any 
unanimous consent request to add a cosponsor (July 24, 2000, p. ----), 
whether such request includes only the Member making the request (Oct. 
25, 1995, p. 29352), includes all Members (Dec. 18, 1985, p. 37765), or 
includes a specified additional sponsor (Jan. 28, 1985, p. 1141; May 23, 
1985, p. 13421). Such requests must be made by a primary sponsor through 
the hopper not later than the last day on which any committee is 
authorized to consider and report the measure to the House (Nov. 4, 
1997, p. ----).
  By unanimous consent a Member may add his own name as a cosponsor of 
an unreported bill where the primary sponsor is no longer a Member of 
the House (Aug. 4, 1983, p. 23188), and a designated Member may be 
authorized to sign and submit lists of additional cosponsors where the 
ac

  An order of the House that no organizational or legislative business 
be conducted on certain days (first by provision of a concurrent 
resolution, but extended by unanimous consent) was considered not to 
deprive Members of the privilege of introducing bills and resolutions 
during pro forma sessions on those days, such measures being numbered on 
the day introduced but not noted in the Record or referred to committee 
until the day on which business was resumed (H. Con. Res. 260, 102d 
Cong., Nov. 26, 1991, p. 35840; Jan. 22 and 28, 1992, pp. 149, 745).


  At its organization for the 104th Congress the House resolved that 
each of the first 20 bills and each of the first two joint resolutions 
introduced in the House in that Congress could have more than one Member 
reflected as a primary sponsor (sec. 223(g), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 
469); and the Speaker stated that all signatures of ``primary'' sponsors 
would be required on the bills (Speaker Gingrich, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 551). 
A Member was subsequently added as a ``primary'' sponsor by unanimous 
consent (Jan. 18, 1995, p. 1447).




Sec. 826. Introduction of bills, resolutions, or memorials 
by request.

  (5)  When a bill or resolution is introduced ``by request,'' 
those words shall be entered on the Journal and printed in the 
Congressional Record.



Executive communications
  This provision was adopted in 1888 (IV, 3366). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, it was found in former 
clause 6 of rule XXII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). It has never 
been the practice of the House to permit the names of the persons 
requesting the introduction of the bill to be printed in the Record.


[[Page 586]]

House shall be addressed to the Speaker for referral as provided in 
clause 2 of rule XIV.



Sec. 827. Reception and reference of executive 
communications, including estimates.

  8. Estimates  of appropriations and all other 
communications from the executive departments intended for the 
consideration of any committees of the






 
  This rule was adopted in 1867 and amended in 1880 (V, 6593). It was 
renumbered January 3, 1953 (p. 24). Before the House recodified its 
rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former rule XL 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Formerly estimates of appropriations 
were transmitted through the Secretary of the Treasury (IV, 3573-3576, 
4045), but under the Budget Act they are transmitted by the President.

                                Rule XIII


Calendars
                     calendars and committee reports



Sec. 828. Calendar for reports of committees.

  1. (a)  All 
business reported by committees shall be referred to one of the 
following three calendars:


      (1) A Calendar of the Committee of the Whole House on the state of 
the Union, to which shall be referred public bills and public 
resolutions raising revenue, involving a tax or charge on the people, 
directly or indirectly making appropriations of money or property or 
requiring such appropriations to be made, authorizing payments out of 
appropriations already made, releasing any liability to the United 
States for money or property, or referring a claim to the Court of 
Claims.


[[Page 587]]

      (2) A House Calendar, to which shall be referred all public bills 
and public resolutions not requiring referral to the Calendar of the 
Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union.


      (3) A Private Calendar as provided in clause 5 of rule XV, to 
which shall be referred all private bills and private resolutions.

  This provision was adopted in 1880 and amended in 1911 (VI, 742); but 
as early as 1820 a rule was adopted creating calendars for the 
Committees of the Whole. Clerical and stylistic changes were effected 
when the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----), including a change in subparagraph (3) from the 
``Calendar of the Committee of the Whole House'' to the ``Private 
Calendar.'' Bills not requiring consideration in Committee of the Whole 
were considered when reported, but in 1880 the House Calendar was 
created to remedy the delays in making reports caused by such 
consideration (IV, 3115). Reference of bills to calendars is governed by 
text of bills as referred to committees and amendments reported by 
committees are not considered (VIII, 2392).

  A motion to correct an error in referring a bill to the proper 
calendar presents a question of privilege (III, 2614, 2615); but a mere 
clerical error in the calendar does not give rise to such question (III, 
2616). A bill improperly reported is not entitled to a place on the 
calendar (IV, 3117).

  A bill on the wrong calendar may be transferred to the proper calendar 
as of date of original reference by direction of the Speaker (VI, 744-
748; VII, 859, 2406; Dec. 7, 1950, p. 16307; Apr. 26, 1984, p. 10242; 
Sept. 10, 1990, p. 23677). But the Speaker has no authority to change 
calendar reference made by the House (VI, 749; VII, 859). Reports from 
the Court of Claims do not remain on the calendar from Congress to 
Congress, even when a law seems so to provide (IV, 3298-3302). In 
determining whether a bill should be placed on the House or Union 
Calendar, clause 3 of rule XVIII should be consulted. The Speaker may 
correct the erroneous referral of a bill as private by referring it to 
the appropriate (Union) calendar as a public bill when reported (June 1, 
1988, p. 13184).



[[Page 588]]


  Although the Speaker has no general authority to remove a reported 
bill from the Union Calendar (other than to correct the erroneous 
reference of a reported bill between calendars), he may discharge a bill 
therefrom for reference to another committee when required (1) by 
section 401(b) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, permitting 15-
day referral to the Committee on Appropriations of reported bills 
providing new entitlement authority in excess of that allocated to the 
reporting committee in connection with the most recently agreed-to 
concurrent resolution on the budget (Speaker O'Neill, Sept. 8, 1977, p. 
28153), or (2) by clause 2 of rule XII (former clause 5 of rule X), 
authorizing and directing the Speaker to assure that each committee has 
responsibility to consider legislation within its jurisdiction by 
fashioning sequential referrals where appropriate (Speaker O'Neill, Apr. 
27, 1978, p. 11742; June 19, 1986, p. 14741).



Sec. 829. Corrections Calendar.

  (b) There  is established a 
Corrections Calendar as provided in clause 6 of rule XV.





Sec. 830. Motion to discharge.

  (c)  There is established a 
Calendar of Motions to Discharge Committees as provided in clause 2 of 
rule XV.



Filing and printing of reports
  Paragraph (b) was added when the House recodified its rules in the 
106th Congress to provide a cross reference to the ``Corrections 
Calendar'' in rule XV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Before the 
House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, paragraph (c) was 
found in former clause 5 of rule XIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----
).



Sec. 831. Nonprivileged reports filed with the 
Clerk.

  2. (a)(1)  Except as provided in subparagraph (2), all reports of 
committees (other than those filed from the floor as privileged) shall 
be delivered to the Clerk for printing and reference to the proper 
calendar under the direction of the Speaker in accordance with clause 1. 
The title or subject of each report shall be entered on the Journal and 
printed in the Congressional Record.





Sec. 832. Adverse reports.

  (2)  A bill or resolution reported 
adversely shall be laid on the table unless a committee to which the 
bill or resolution was referred requests at the time of the report its 
referral to an appropriate calendar under clause 1 or unless, within 
three days thereafter, a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner 
makes such a request.


  A technical amendment was effected by the 93d Congress (H. Res. 988, 
Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). Clerical and stylistic changes were effected 
when the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 589]]

  A resolution of inquiry is referred to the House Calendar even when 
reported adversely (VI, 411).



Sec. 833. Requirement that reports of committees be in 
writing and be printed.

  When  the House codified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, it deleted the portion of clause 2 of rule XVIII that required 
the printing of reports. That provision was redundant because this 
provision carries the same requirement (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----
). Former clause 2 of rule XVIII was adopted in 1880 (V, 5647).


  The House insists on its requirement that all reports must be in 
writing (IV, 4655) and does not receive verbal reports as to bills (IV, 
4654). But the sufficiency of a report is passed on by the House and not 
by the Speaker (II, 1339; IV, 4653). A report is not necessarily signed 
by all those concurring (II, 1274) or even by any of those concurring, 
but minority, supplemental, and additional views are signed by those 
submitting them (IV, 4671; VIII, 2229; see clause 2(l)(5) of rule XI). 
Under this rule, the printing requirement is not a condition precedent 
to consideration of the matter reported (VIII, 2307-2309), but see 
clause 4(c) of rule XIII, which states that no general appropriation 
bill shall be considered until printed hearings and report thereon have 
been available for three calendar days, and clause 2 of rule XIII, 
pertaining to the consideration of matters reported by committees, and 
clause 8 of rule XXII, pertaining to the requirement that conference 
reports and amendments reported in disagreement from conference be 
available before consideration.

  Under clause 4(a) of rule XIII, a measure or matter may not be called 
up for consideration until the third calendar day (excluding Saturdays, 
Sundays, and legal holidays) on which the report thereon has been 
available to the Members of the House, and printed hearings on 
appropriation bills must be available for the same time period. Expense 
resolutions reported from the Committee on House Administration have a 
one-day layover under clause 6 of rule X; and reports from the Committee 
on Rules may be called up on the same legislative day filed subject to 
the two-thirds vote for consideration requirement of clause 6 of rule 
XIII, except that reports from the Committee on Rules merely waiving the 
three-day availability requirement may be immediately considered and do 
not require a two-thirds vote for consideration. A supplemental report 
to correct a technical error in a committee report may be filed without 
the consent of the House (clause 3(a)(2) of rule XIII) and are not 
subject to the availability requirement when only correcting errors in 
the depiction of record votes (see Sec. 838, infra).

  Unless filed with the report, minority, supplemental or additional 
views may be presented only with the consent of the House (IV, 4600; 
VIII, 2231, 2248). See clause 2(c) of rule XIII for the procedure by 
which such views may be filed as part of the committee report.



[[Page 590]]


  It has been held that the fact that a report was not printed by the 
Public Printer as originally made to the House does not prevent the 
consideration of the matter reported (VIII, 2307). A committee may not 
file its report on a bill after the House has passed the bill (Sept. 30, 
1985, p. 25270).



Sec. 834. Chairman's duty.

  (b)(1)  It shall be the duty of 
the chairman of each committee to report or cause to be reported 
promptly to the House a measure or matter approved by the committee and 
to take or cause to be taken steps necessary to bring the measure or 
matter to a vote.





Sec. 835. Filing by majority of committee.

  (2)  In any event, 
the report of a committee on a measure that has been approved by the 
committee shall be filed within seven calendar days (exclusive of days 
on which the House is not in session) after the day on which a written 
request for the filing of the report, signed by a majority of the 
members of the committee, has been filed with the clerk of the 
committee. The clerk of the committee shall immediately notify the 
chairman of the filing of such a request. This subparagraph does not 
apply to a report of the Committee on Rules with respect to a rule, 
joint rule, or order of business of the House, or to the reporting of a 
resolution of inquiry addressed to the head of an executive department.



[[Page 591]]

paring specified spending levels, but was repealed by section 232(e) of 
the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (P.L. 99-
177). An obsolete reference in former subdivision (B) to the former 
subdivision (C) was deleted in the 104th Congress (sec. 223(f), H. Res. 
6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 469). Before the House recodified its rules in the 
106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 2(l)(1) of 
rule XI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).
  Subparagraph (1) (former clause 2(l)(1)(A) of rule XI) is derived from 
section 133(c) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 
812) and was made a part of the standing rules on January 3, 1953 (p. 
24). It is sufficient authority for the chairman to call up a bill on 
Calendar Wednesday (Speaker Rayburn, Feb. 22, 1950, p. 2162). 
Subparagraph (2) (former clause 2(l)(1)(B) of rule XI) is derived from 
section 105 of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 
1140) and was made part of the rules in the 92d Congress (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). Former clause 2(l)(1)(C) of rule XI was added by 
the Committee Reform Amendments of 1974, effective January 3, 1975 (H. 
Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470), to incorporate section 307 
of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (88 Stat. 313), requiring the 
Committee on Appropriations to strive to complete committee action on 
all regular appropriation bills before reporting any of them to the 
House, and to submit a report com


  Absent a special order of the House, committee reports must be 
submitted while the House is in session, except for committees that 
honor the guarantee of clause 2(c) of rule XIII for composing separate 
views (see Sec. 836, infra) (Dec. 17, 1982, p. 31951).




Sec. 836. Filing with minority views.

  (c)  All supplemental, 
minority, or additional views filed under clause 2(l) of rule XI by one 
or more members of a committee shall be included in, and shall be a part 
of, the report filed by the committee with respect to a measure or 
matter. When time guaranteed by clause 2(l) of rule XI has expired (or, 
if sooner, when all separate views have been received), the committee 
may arrange to file its report with the Clerk not later than one hour 
after the expiration of such time. This clause and provisions of clause 
2(l) of rule XI do not preclude the immediate filing or printing of a 
committee report in the absence of a timely request for the opportunity 
to file supplemental, minority, or additional views as provided in 
clause 2(l) of rule XI.




[[Page 592]]

Content of reports
  The first sentence of this paragraph was originally included in 
section 107 of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 
1140) and was made a part of the rules in the 92d Congress (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). The remainder of the paragraph (establishing 
standing authority for committees to file reports with the Clerk after 
honoring the guarantee of the rule) was adopted in the 105th Congress 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). Before the House recodified its 
rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 
2(l)(5) of rule XI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



Sec. 837. Single volume.

  3. (a)(1)  Except as provided in 
subparagraph (2), the report of a committee on a measure or matter shall 
be printed in a single volume that--


      (A) shall include all supplemental, minority, or additional views 
that have been submitted by the time of the filing of the report; and

      (B) shall bear on its cover a recital that any such supplemental, 
minority, or additional views (and any material submitted under 
paragraph (c)(3) or (4)) are included as part of the report.




Sec. 838. Technical error.

  (2)  A committee may file a 
supplemental report for the correction of a technical error in its 
previous report on a measure or matter. A supplemental report only 
correcting errors in the depiction of record votes under paragraph (b) 
may be filed under this subparagraph and shall not be subject to the 
requirement in clause 4 concerning the availability of reports.



[[Page 593]]

  Clause 3 (former clause 2(l)(5) of rule XI) was originally included in 
section 107 of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 
1140) and was incorporated into the rules in the 92d Congress (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). This paragraph permits the filing of a 
supplemental report to correct a technical error in a previous report. A 
supplemental report filed under this clause is subject to the three-day 
availability under clause 4 of this rule (Deschler's Precedents, vol. 4, 
ch. 17, sec. 64.1). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, this provision was found in former clause 2(l)(5) of rule XI, 
and the former companion provision of clause 2(l)(5) of rule XI 
entitling members to supplemental, minority, or additional views was 
transferred to new clause 2(l) of rule XI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 
----). The last sentence of subparagraph (2) was added in the 107th 
Congress (sec. 2(k), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).




Sec. 839. Vote on reporting.

  (b)  With respect to each record 
vote on a motion to report a measure or matter of a public nature, and 
on any amendment offered to the measure or matter, the total number of 
votes cast for and against, and the names of members voting for and 
against, shall be included in the committee report. The preceding 
sentence does not apply to votes taken in executive session by the 
Committee on Standards of Official Conduct.



  The requirement of subparagraph (b) (former clause 2(l)(2)(B) of rule 
XI) was contained in section 104(b) of the Legislative Reorganization 
Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1140), was incorporated into the rules in the 92d 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144), and was restated in the 
104th Congress to require that reports also reflect the total number of 
votes cast for and against any public measure or matter and any 
amendment thereto and the names of those voting for and against (sec. 
209, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 468). The last sentence was adopted in 
the 105th Congress (sec. 8, H. Res. 168, Sept. 18, 1997, p. ----). 
Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 2(l)(2)(B) of rule XI (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). If the accompanying report erroneously reflects 
information required by this paragraph, a bill would be subject to a 
point of order against its consideration, unless corrected pursuant to 
clause 3(a)(2) by a supplemental report; however, a point of order would 
not lie if the error was introduced by the Government Printing Office 
(Jan. 19, 1995, p. 1613).



Sec. 840. Content of reports.

  (c)  The report of a committee 
on a measure that has been approved by the committee shall include, 
separately set out and clearly identified, the following:


      (1) Oversight findings and recommendations under clause 2(b)(1) of 
rule X.


[[Page 594]]

evant programs to the appropriate levels under current law.
      (2) The statement required by section 308(a) of the Congressional 
Budget Act of 1974, except that an estimate of new budget authority 
shall include, when practicable, a comparison of the total estimated 
funding level for the rel

      (3) An estimate and comparison prepared by the Director of the 
Congressional Budget Office under section 402 of the Congressional 
Budget Act of 1974 if timely submitted to the committee before the 
filing of the report.


      (4) A statement of general performance goals and objectives, 
including outcome-related goals and objectives, for which the measure 
authorizes funding.


  This provision (former clause 2(l)(3) of rule XI) became effective 
January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). It was 
amended in the 95th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70), to 
correct a cross-reference, and in the 103d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 
1993, p. 49) to correct the typographical transposition of a phrase. 
Subparagraphs (2) and (3) (former clauses 2(l)(3)(B) and 2(l)(3)(C) of 
rule XI) are requirements of sections 308(a) and 402 of the 
Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (88 Stat. 297). Subparagraph (2) 
(former clause 2(l)(3)(B) of rule XI) was amended in the 99th Congress 
by section 232(f) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control 
Act of 1985 (P.L. 99-177) to include new entitlement and credit 
authority in conformity with section 308(a)(1) of the Congressional 
Budget Act of 1974, as amended by that law. It was again amended in the 
104th Congress to require estimates of new budget authority, when 
practicable, to compare the total estimated funding for the program to 
the appropriate level under current law (sec. 102(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 
1995, p. 462). In the 104th and 106th Congresses, it was amended to 
conform references to a renamed committee (sec. 202(b), H. Res. 6, Jan. 
4, 1995, p. 467; H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). This provision was 
amended in the 105th Congress to reflect the repeal of the collective 
definition of ``new spending authority'' and the revision of various 
remaining parts and to effect a technical and conforming change (Budget 
Enforcement Act of 1997 (sec. 10116, P.L. 105-33)). Subparagraph (4) was 
amended to replace a requirement that committees include in their 
reports oversight findings and recommendations by the Committee on 
Government Reform with a requirement that they include a statement of 
performance goals and objectives (sec. 2(l), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. 
----).


[[Page 595]]



Sec. 841. Constitutional authority.

  (d)  Each report of a 
committee on a public bill or public joint resolution shall contain the 
following:



      (1) A statement citing the specific powers granted to Congress in 
the Constitution to enact the law proposed by the bill or joint 
resolution.

  This reporting requirement subsequently replaced former clause 2(l)(4) 
of rule XI, which became a part of the rules under the Committee Reform 
Amendments of 1974, effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., 
Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). In its original form the provision required an 
analytical statement of inflationary impact, but in the 105th Congress 
it was converted to require a statement of constitutional authority (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). If a point of order were sustained under 
this subparagraph, the measure would be ``recommitted'' to await 
possible return to the Calendar by the filing of a supplemental report 
pursuant to clause 3(a)(2) correcting the technical error (Feb. 13, 
1995, p. 4591).



Sec. 842. Application of laws to legislative 
branch.

  Under  the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995, each report 
accompanying a bill or joint resolution relating to terms and conditions 
of employment or access to public services or accommodations must 
describe the manner in which the provisions apply to the legislative 
branch or a statement of the reasons the provisions do not apply; and 
any Member may raise a point of order against the consideration of a 
bill or joint resolution not complying with this requirement, which may 
be waived in the House by majority vote (sec. 102(b)(3), P.L. 104-1; 109 
Stat. 6).





Sec. 843. Unfunded mandates.

  The  Unfunded Mandates Reform 
Act of 1995 (P.L. 104-4; 109 Stat. 48) added a new part B to title IV of 
the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 658-658g) that imposes 
several requirements on committees with respect to measures effecting 
``Federal mandates'' (secs. 423-424; 2 U.S.C. 658b-c) and establishes 
points of order to permit separate votes on whether to enforce those 
requirements (sec. 425; 2 U.S.C. 658d). See Sec. 1127, infra.




Sec. 844. Estimate of cost.

      (2)(A)  An estimate by the 
committee of the costs that would be incurred in carrying out the bill 
or joint resolution in the fiscal year in which it is reported and in 
each of the five fiscal years following that fiscal year (or for the 
authorized duration of any program authorized by the bill or joint 
resolution if less than five years);



[[Page 596]]

mittee with any estimate of such costs made by a Government agency and 
submitted to such committee; and
      (B) a comparison of the estimate of costs described in subdivision 
(A) made by the com

      (C) when practicable, a comparison of the total estimated funding 
level for the relevant programs with the appropriate levels under 
current law.

      (3)(A) In subparagraph (2) the term ``Government agency'' includes 
any department, agency, establishment, wholly owned Government 
corporation, or instrumentality of the Federal Government or the 
government of the District of Columbia.


      (B) Subparagraph (2) does not apply to the Committee on 
Appropriations, the Committee on House Administration, the Committee on 
Rules, or the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, and does not 
apply when a cost estimate and comparison prepared by the Director of 
the Congressional Budget Office under section 402 of the Congressional 
Budget Act of 1974 has been included in the report under paragraph 
(c)(3).


[[Page 597]]

(former clause 7(d)) was amended to conform references to a renamed 
committee (sec. 202(b), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 467; H. Res. 5, Jan. 
6, 1999, p. ----). In the 105th Congress it was again amended to effect 
a technical change (Budget Enforcement Act of 1997 (sec. 10116, P.L. 
105-33)). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, 
this provision was found in former clause 7 of this rule (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).
  This provision was adopted in the 92d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 
1971, p. 144) as part of the implementation of section 252(b) of the 
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1140) and was amended 
in the 95th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70) to remove 
references to the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. Subparagraph (3)(B) 
(former clause 7(d)) was amended in the 97th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 
5, 1981, pp. 98-113) to render committee cost estimates optional where 
an estimate by the Congressional Budget Office is included in the 
report. It was amended by the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 
900 note) to require five-year estimates of revenue changes in 
legislative reports. In the 104th Congress it was amended to require 
estimates of new budget authority, when practicable, to compare the 
total estimated funding for the program to the appropriate level under 
current law (sec. 102(b), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 462). In the 104th 
and 106th Congresses subparagraph (3)(B)

  A committee cost estimate identifying certain spending authority as 
recurring annually and indefinitely was held necessarily to address the 
five-year period required by section 308 of the Congressional Budget Act 
of 1974 (Nov. 20, 1993, p. 31354).




Sec. 845. Unfunded mandates.

  The  Unfunded Mandates Reform 
Act of 1995 (P.L. 104-4; 109 Stat. 48) added a new part B to title IV of 
the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 658-658b-c) that imposes 
several requirements on the Director of the Congressional Budget Office 
and on committees of the House with respect to measures effecting 
``Federal mandates'' (secs. 423-424; 2 U.S.C. 658b-c) and establishes 
points of order to permit separate votes on whether to enforce those 
requirements (sec. 425; 2 U.S.C. 658d). See Sec. 1127, infra, and 
Sec. 843, supra.




Sec. 846. ``Ramseyer Rule.''

  (e)(1)  Whenever a committee 
reports a bill or joint resolution proposing to repeal or amend a 
statute or part thereof, it shall include in its report or in an 
accompanying document--


      (A) the text of a statute or part thereof that is proposed to be 
repealed; and

      (B) a comparative print of any part of the bill or joint 
resolution proposing to amend the statute and of the statute or part 
thereof proposed to be amended, showing by appropriate typographical 
devices the omissions and insertions proposed.


[[Page 598]]

by the bill or joint resolution as proposed to be amended.

  (2) If a committee reports a bill or joint resolution proposing to 
repeal or amend a statute or part thereof with a recommendation that the 
bill or joint resolution be amended, the comparative print required by 
subparagraph (1) shall reflect the changes in existing law proposed to 
be made

  The first part of this paragraph (former clause 3) was adopted January 
28, 1929 (VIII, 2234), was redesignated January 3, 1953 (p. 24), and the 
subparagraph (2) (former proviso in clause 3(2)) was added September 22, 
1961 (p. 20823). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, this provision was found in former clause 3 of this rule (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  Technical failure of a committee report to comply with the 
``Ramseyer'' rule may be remedied by a supplemental report (VIII, 2247). 
While the filing of such a corrective report formerly required the 
consent of the House (VIII, 2248), it may now be filed with the Clerk 
pursuant to clause 3(a)(2). Reports held to violate the rule because 
they are not susceptible to correction by the filing of a supplemental 
report under clause 3(a)(2), as in the case of a substantial violation, 
are automatically recommitted to the respective committees reporting 
them (VIII, 2237, 2245, 2250). When a bill is so recommitted, further 
proceedings are de novo and the bill is considered again and reported by 
the committee as if no previous report had been made (VIII, 2249).

  Although a bill proposes but one minor and obvious change in existing 
law, the failure of the report to indicate the change is in violation of 
the rule (VIII, 2236). The statute proposed to be amended must be quoted 
in the report and it is not sufficient that it is incorporated in the 
bill (VIII, 2238). Under the rule the committee report on a bill 
amending existing law by the addition of a proviso should quote in full 
the section immediately preceding the proposed amendment (VIII, 2237). 
The rule applies to appropriation bills where such bills include 
legislative provisions (VIII, 2241) and reports on appropriation bills 
are also subject to the requirements of clause 3(f) of rule XIII, 
requiring a concise statement of the effect of any direct or indirect 
changes in the application of existing law. In order to fall within the 
purview of the rule the bill must seek to repeal or amend specifically 
an existing law (VIII, 2235, 2239, 2240).

  Special orders providing for consideration of bills, unless 
specifically waiving points of order, do not preclude the point of order 
that reports on such bills fail to indicate proposed changes in existing 
law (VIII, 2245). The point of order that a report fails to comply with 
the rule is properly made when the bill is called up in the House and 
comes too late after the House has resolved into the Committee of the 
Whole for its consideration (VIII, 2243-2245).



[[Page 599]]


  Where the comparative print contained certain errors in punctuation 
and capitalization and utilized abbreviations not appearing in existing 
provisions of law, the Speaker held that the committee report was in 
substantial compliance with the rule and overruled a point of order 
against the report (Deschler's Precedents, vol. 4, ch. 17, secs. 60.13, 
60.14).



Sec. 847. Content of reports on appropriation 
bills.

  (f)(1)  A report of the Committee on Appropriations on a general 
appropriation bill shall include--


      (A) a concise statement describing the effect of any provision of 
the accompanying bill that directly or indirectly changes the 
application of existing law; and


      (B) a list of all appropriations contained in the bill for 
expenditures not currently authorized by law for the period concerned 
(excepting classified intelligence or national security programs, 
projects, or activities), along with a statement of the last year for 
which such expenditures were authorized, the level of expenditures 
authorized for that year, the actual level of expenditures for that 
year, and the level of appropriations in the bill for such expenditures.


  This provision (former clause 3 of rule XXI) became a part of the 
rules under the Committee Reform Amendments of 1974, effective January 
3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). This provision 
was amended on January 14, 1975 (H. Res. 5, 94th Cong., p. 32) to 
confine its applicability to general appropriation bills, and again in 
the 104th Congress to add subparagraph (1)(B) concerning unauthorized 
items (sec. 215(d), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 468). Subparagraph 
(1)(B) was amended in the 107th Congress to require more detail on the 
status of unauthorized appropriations (sec. 2(m), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 
2001, p. ----). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, this provision was found in former clause 3 of rule XXI (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 600]]

  (2) Whenever the Committee on Appropriations reports a bill or joint 
resolution including matter specified in clause 1(b)(2) or (3) of rule 
X, it shall include--

      (A) in the bill or joint resolution, separate headings for 
``Rescissions'' and ``Transfers of Unexpended Balances''; and


      (B) in the report of the committee, a separate section listing 
such rescissions and transfers.


  This provision (former clause 1(b) of rule X) was added by the 
Committee Reform Amendments of 1974 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 
1974, p. 34470). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, this provision was found in former clause 1(b) of rule X (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



Sec. 848. Comparative print.

  (g)  Whenever the Committee on 
Rules reports a resolution proposing to repeal or amend a standing rule 
of the House, it shall include in its report or in an accompanying 
document--


      (1) the text of any rule or part thereof that is proposed to be 
repealed; and


      (2) a comparative print of any part of the resolution proposing to 
amend the rule and of the rule or part thereof proposed to be amended, 
showing by appropriate typographical devices the omissions and 
insertions proposed.


[[Page 601]]

ment of the bill into law, but not itself repealing or amending any rule 
(May 27, 1993, p. 11597).

  This provision (former clause 4(d) of rule XI) was added to the rules 
under the Committee Reform Amendments of 1974, effective January 3, 1975 
(H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470), and is similar to the 
``Ramseyer Rule'' requirements of paragraph (e) relating to bills and 
joint resolutions repealing or amending existing law. Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former clause 4(d) of rule XI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). This 
clause is applicable to resolutions reported from the Committee on Rules 
which propose direct permanent repeal or amendment of a rule of the 
House, but does not apply to resolutions providing temporary waivers of 
rules during the consideration of particular legislative business 
(Speaker Albert, Mar. 20, 1975, p. 7676; Mar. 24, 1975, p. 8418), or to 
a special order of business resolution providing for the consideration 
of a bill with textual modifications that would effect certain changes 
in House rules on enact



Sec. 849. Tax complexity analysis.

  (h)(1)  It shall not be in 
order to consider a bill or joint resolution reported by the Committee 
on Ways and Means that proposes to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 
1986 unless--


      (A) the report includes a tax complexity analysis prepared by the 
Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation in accordance with section 
4022(b) of the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 
1998; or


      (B) the chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means causes such a 
tax complexity analysis to be printed in the Congressional Record before 
consideration of the bill or joint resolution.


  This provision was added by the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring 
and Reform Act of 1998 as a new clause 2(l)(8) of rule XI, effective 
after January 1, 1999 (sec. 4022, P.L. 105-206). This provision was 
transferred to clause 3(h) of rule XIII when the House recodified its 
rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 602]]

dynamic estimate under this paragraph may be used only for informational 
purposes.
  (2) A report from the Committee on Ways and Means on a bill or joint 
resolution designated by the Majority Leader, after consultation with 
the Minority Leader, as major tax legislation may include a dynamic 
estimate of the changes in Federal revenues expected to result from 
enactment of the legislation. The Joint Committee on Internal Revenue 
Taxation shall render a dynamic estimate of such legislation only in 
response to a timely request from the chairman of the Committee on Ways 
and Means, after consultation with the ranking minority member. A


  (3) In this paragraph the term ``dynamic estimate'' means a projection 
based in any part on assumptions concerning probable effects of 
macroeconomic feedback. A dynamic estimate shall include a statement 
identifying all such assumptions.


Availability of reports-
  This provision was added in the 105th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 
1997, p. ----). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, this provision was found in former clause 7(e) of rule XIII 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



Sec. 850. Threeday layover.

  4. (a)(1)  Except as specified in 
subparagraph (2), it shall not be in order to consider in the House a 
measure or matter reported by a committee until the third calendar day 
(excluding Saturdays, Sundays, or legal holidays except when the House 
is in session on such a day) on which each report of a committee on that 
measure or matter has been available to Members, Delegates, and the 
Resident Commissioner.


  (2) Subparagraph (1) does not apply to--

      (A) a resolution providing a rule, joint rule, or order of 
business reported by the Committee on Rules considered under clause 6;


[[Page 603]]

      (B) a resolution providing amounts from the applicable accounts 
described in clause 1(i)(1) of rule X reported by the Committee on House 
Administration considered under clause 6 of rule X;

      (C) a bill called from the Corrections Calendar under clause 6 of 
rule XV;

      (D) a resolution presenting a question of the privileges of the 
House reported by any committee;

      (E) a measure for the declaration of war, or the declaration of a 
national emergency, by Congress; and

      (F) a measure providing for the disapproval of a decision, 
determination, or action by a Government agency that would become, or 
continue to be, effective unless disapproved or otherwise invalidated by 
one or both Houses of Congress. In this subdivision the term 
``Government agency'' includes any department, agency, establishment, 
wholly owned Government corporation, or instrumentality of the Federal 
Government or of the government of the District of Columbia.


  (b) A committee that reports a measure or matter shall make every 
reasonable effort to have its hearings thereon (if any) printed and 
available for distribution to Members, Delegates, and the Resident 
Commissioner before the consideration of the measure or matter in the 
House.


[[Page 604]]

as a ``calendar day'' any day on which the House is in session (H. Res. 
254, Nov. 30, 1995, p. 35077), and again in the 105th Congress to 
achieve like treatment in the case of a concurrent resolution on the 
budget (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). The rule was later amended in 
the 105th Congress to conform to a change in the layover requirement for 
a concurrent resolution on the budget (Budget Enforcement Act of 1997 
(sec. 10109, P.L. 105-33)). In the 106th Congress two technical and 
conforming corrections were effected. The 106th Congress also recodified 
the rules, transferring this provision from former clause 2(l)(6) of 
rule XI, which consisted of this provision and current clause 6(a)(2) of 
this rule (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Subparagraph (2)(C) was 
added in the 107th Congress (sec. 2(n), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----
).
  This provision (former clause 2(l)(6) of rule XI) was originally 
contained in section 108 of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 
(84 Stat. 1140) and was incorporated into the rules in the 92d Congress 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). It was amended in the 94th Congress 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 14, 1975, p. 20), in the 95th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 
4, 1977, pp. 53-70), and in the 96th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 1979, 
p. 8). In the 102d Congress it was amended to clarify the availability 
requirements for reported measures, including concurrent resolutions on 
the budget (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1991, p. 39). It was amended in the 104th 
Congress to count

  The availability requirement is not applicable to privileged reports 
from the Committee on Rules or to bills before the House which have not 
been reported from committee (Speaker Albert, Aug. 10, 1976, p. 26793). 
The Committee on Rules has the authority under clause 5(a) of rule XIII 
(former clause 4(a) of rule XI) to report a special order making in 
order the text of an introduced bill as a substitute original text for a 
reported bill, and no point of order lies that such introduced text has 
not been available for three days under this rule, which only applies to 
the consideration of reported measures themselves (Oct. 9, 1986, p. 
29973). The exceptions from the three-day layover requirement were 
expanded in the 97th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1981, p. 98) to 
include resolutions called up pursuant to legislative veto provisions in 
laws having the effect of approving or invalidating the actions of any 
government agency (and not just agencies of the executive branch). That 
exception allows the consideration of a measure disapproving an 
executive branch decision pursuant to statute within three days of the 
expiration of the congressional review period, notwithstanding the 
three-day availability requirement (concurrent resolution disapproving a 
regulation of the Federal Trade Commission pursuant to the Federal Trade 
Commission Improvements Act, P.L. 96-252) (May 26, 1982, pp. 12027-30). 
A report from a committee raising a question of the privileges of the 
House, such as a report relating to the contemptuous conduct of a 
witness before the committee, may be considered notwithstanding the 
availability requirements of this clause (Speaker Albert, July 13, 1971, 
pp. 24720-23; see also VI, 48; Deschler's Precedents, vol. 3, ch. 14, 
sec. 7.4, fn. 10, and Oct. 8, 1998, p. ----, with respect to impeachment 
reports; and Feb. 12, 1998, p. ----, with respect to a resolution 
dismissing an election contest reported as privileged under clause 
5(a)(3) of rule XIII). Clause 3(a)(2) of rule XIII was amended in the 
107th Congress to except from the three-day layover requirement a 
supplemental report only correcting errors in the depiction of record 
votes under clause 3(b) (sec. 2(k), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).-


[[Page 605]]

tions reported from that committee which are privileged (such as a 
resolution authorizing the printing of material as a House document), 
but which do not constitute questions of the privileges of the House, 
are subject to this clause (Speaker Albert, Mar. 6, 1975, p. 5537).



Sec. 851. Oneday layover.

  A committee  expense resolution 
reported by the Committee on House Administration pursuant to clause 5 
of rule XIII need only be available for one day. However, other resolu





Sec. 852. Printed hearings and reports on appropriation 
bills.

  (c)  A general appropriation bill reported by the Committee on 
Appropriations may not be considered in the House until the third 
calendar day (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays except 
when the House is in session on such a day) on which printed hearings of 
the Committee on Appropriations thereon have been available to Members, 
Delegates, and the Resident Commissioner.



Privileged reports, generally
  This provision from section 139(a) of the Legislative Reorganization 
Act of 1946 was made a part of the standing rules January 3, 1953 (p. 
24), and was amended (by the addition of the parenthetical clause) on 
January 22, 1971 (p. 144). In the 104th Congress it was amended to count 
as a ``calendar day'' any day on which the House is in session (H. Res. 
254, Nov. 30, 1995, p. 35077). Before the House recodified its rules in 
the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 7 of rule 
XXI; and a requirement that the report also be available for three days 
was deleted as redundant because reports on general appropriation bills 
are covered under the availability requirements of paragraph (a) (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). In counting the ``three calendar days'' 
specified in the clause, the date the bill is filed or the date on which 
it is to be called up for consideration are counted, but not both (May 
26, 1969, p. 13720).



Sec. 853. Privileged reports.

  5. (a)  The following committees 
shall have leave to report at any time on the following matters, 
respectively:



[[Page 606]]

      (1) The Committee on Appropriations, on general appropriation 
bills and on joint resolutions continuing appropriations for a fiscal 
year after September 15 in the preceding fiscal year.

      (2) The Committee on the Budget, on the matters required to be 
reported by such committee under titles III and IV of the Congressional 
Budget Act of 1974.

      (3) The Committee on House Administration, on enrolled bills, on 
contested elections, on matters referred to it concerning printing for 
the use of the House or the two Houses, on expenditure of the applicable 
accounts of the House described in clause 1(i)(1) of rule X, and on 
matters relating to preservation and availability of noncurrent records 
of the House under rule VII.

      (4) The Committee on Rules, on rules, joint rules, and the order 
of business.

      (5) The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, on resolutions 
recommending action by the House with respect to a Member, Delegate, 
Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House as a result of 
an investigation by the committee relating to the official conduct of 
such Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee.


  (b) A report filed from the floor as privileged under paragraph (a) 
may be called up as a privileged question by direction of the reporting 
committee, subject to any requirement concerning its availability to 
Members, Delegates, and the Resident Commissioner under clause 4 or 
concerning the timing of its consideration under clause 6.


[[Page 607]]

amended by the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 812), on 
February 2, 1951 (p. 883), and by the Committee Reform Amendments of 
1974, effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, 
p. 34470). On the latter date the privileges given to the Committee on 
Interior and Insular Affairs (now Resources) on bills for the forfeiture 
of land grants to railroad and other corporations, preventing 
speculation in the public lands and reserving public lands for the 
benefit of actual and bona fide settlers, and for the admission of new 
States, to the Committee on Public Works (now Transportation and 
Infrastructure) on bills authorizing the improvement of rivers and 
harbors, to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs on general pension bills, 
and to the Committee on Ways and Means on bills raising revenue, were 
eliminated from the rule. In the 94th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 14, 
1975, p. 20), the rule was further amended to reinsert ``contested 
elections'' under the authority of the Committee on House 
Administration, a matter inadvertently omitted by the 93d Congress (H. 
Res. 988, Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). The rule was amended in the 97th 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1981, pp. 98-113) to permit joint 
resolutions continuing appropriations to be privileged if reported after 
a certain date. In the 101st Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1989, p. 72), 
the rule was amended to include under the authority of the Committee on 
House Administration all matters relating to preservation and 
availability of noncurrent House records. In the 104th and 106th 
Congresses, it was amended to conform references to a renamed committee 
(sec. 202(b), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 467; H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, 
p. ----). In the 105th Congress it was amended to update an archaic 
reference to the ``contingent fund'' (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). 
Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 4 of rule XI; as part of that 
recodification, former clause 9 of rule XVI (restating the privilege of 
general appropriation bills) was deleted as obsolete (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).
  The origins of this provision appear as early as 1812, but it was in 
1886 that the various provisions were consolidated in one rule. The rule 
was


[[Page 608]]

to the two-thirds vote requirement of clause 6 of this rule), and 
Standards of Official Conduct could call up a matter in the House for 
immediate consideration as soon as the report was filed. Now only 
reports from the Committee on Rules on rules, joint rules, and the order 
of business under clause 6 of this rule; reports from the Committee on 
House Administration on committee expense resolutions under clause 5(a) 
of this rule; reports constituting questions of privilege (see generally 
Deschler's Precedents, vol. 3, ch. 14, sec. 7.4, fn. 10, discussing 
ruling of Speaker Albert, July 13, 1971, on a reported contempt); and 
reports on the official conduct of a Member (e.g., H. Res. 31, Jan. 21, 
1997, p. ----) are exempt from the requirements of former clause 2(l)(6) 
(current clause 4 of this rule) (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, 
p. 34470). Other committees enumerated in this clause may still utilize 
the privilege after the report on the bill or resolution has been 
available for at least three calendar days (excluding Saturdays, 
Sundays, and legal holidays except when the House is in session on such 
a day). Once called up for consideration, the matter so reported remains 
privileged until disposed of (IV, 3145). The House proceeds to the 
consideration of privileged questions only on motion directed to be made 
by the several committees reporting such questions (VIII, 2310). 
Privileged questions reported adversely have the same status so far as 
their privilege is concerned as those reported favorably (VI, 413; VIII, 
2310).
  At the time these privileges originated all reports were made on the 
floor, and often with great difficulty because of the pressure of 
business (IV, 4621), and by giving this privilege the most important 
matters of business were greatly expedited. In 1890 a rule was adopted 
providing that reports should be made by filing with the Clerk, but 
privileged reports must still be made from the floor (IV, 3146; VIII, 
2230). A privileged report from the Committee on Rules may be filed at 
any time when the House is in session, including during special-order 
speeches (Oct. 14, 1986, p. 30861). Prior to the original adoption of 
the provisions contained in former clause 2(l)(6) of rule XI in the 92d 
Congress (current clause 4 of rule XIII) (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 
144), the right of reporting at any time was held to give the right of 
immediate consideration by the House (IV, 3131, 3132, 3142-3147; VIII, 
2291, 2312). However, from that date until the effective date of the 
provision of former clause 2(l)(6) (current clause 4 of this rule) on 
January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470), only 
the Committees on House Administration, Rules (subject



Sec. 854. Privileged reports defined.

  The  matters reported 
under the provisions of this clause are denominated ``privileged 
reports'' or ``privileged questions,'' and since the privilege relates 
merely to the order of business under the rules, they must be 
distinguished from ``questions of privilege'' which relate to the safety 
or dignity of the House itself defined in rule IX (III, 2718). 
Therefore, ``questions of privilege'' take precedence over these matters 
which are privileged under the rules (III, 2426-2530; V, 6454; VIII, 
3465).


  Privileged questions interrupt the regular order of business as 
established by former rule XXIV (current rule XIV), but when they are 
disposed of the regular order continues on from the point of 
interruption (IV, 3070, 3071). But the Speaker has declined to allow a 
call of committees to be interrupted by a privileged report (IV, 3132). 
The presence of matter not privileged with privileged matter destroys 
the privileged character of a bill (IV, 4622, 4624, 4633, 4640, 4643; 
VIII, 2289; Speaker Rayburn, May 21, 1958, pp. 9212-16), or resolution 
(VIII, 2300), and when the text of a bill contains nonprivileged matter, 
privilege may not be created by a committee amendment in the nature of a 
substitute not containing the nonprivileged matter (IV, 4623).


[[Page 609]]

  The House may give a committee leave to report at any time only by the 
process of changing the rules (III, 1770).



Sec. 855. The privilege of individual committees for 
reports.

  The  privilege given by this clause to the Committee on Rules is 
confined to ``action touching rules, joint rules, and order of 
business'' and this committee may not report as privileged a concurrent 
resolution providing for a Senate investigating committee (VIII, 2255), 
or provide for the appointment of a clerk (VIII, 2256); but the 
privilege has been held to include the right to report special orders 
for the consideration of individual bills or classes of bills (V, 6774), 
or the consideration of a specified amendment to a bill and prescribing 
a mode of considering such amendment (VIII, 2258). A special rule 
providing for the consideration of a bill is not invalidated by the fact 
that at the time the rule was reported, the bill was not on the calendar 
(VIII, 2259; Speaker McCormack, Aug. 19, 1964, p. 20212). The authority 
to report special orders of business includes authority to recommend 
consideration of measures and amendments thereto the subject of which 
might be separately pending before a standing committee (Apr. 15, 1986, 
p. 7531); to make in order the consideration of the text of an 
introduced bill as original text in a reported bill (Oct. 9, 1986, p. 
29973); to permit consideration of a previously unnumbered and 
unsponsored measure which comes into existence by virtue of adoption by 
the House of the special order (Speaker O'Neill, Apr. 16, 1986, p. 
7610); to recommend a ``hereby'' resolution, for example, that a 
concurrent resolution correcting the enrollment of a bill be considered 
as adopted by the House upon the adoption of the special order (Speaker 
Wright, May 4, 1988, p. 9865), or that a Senate amendment pending at the 
Speaker's table and otherwise requiring consideration in Committee of 
the Whole under clause 3 of rule XXII (former clause 1 of rule XX) be 
``hereby'' considered as adopted upon adoption of the special order 
(Deschler's Precedents, vol. 6, ch. 21, sec. 16.11; Feb. 4, 1993, p. 
2500); to provide that an amendment containing an appropriation in 
violation of clause 4 of rule XXI (former clause 5(a)) be considered as 
adopted in the House when the reported bill is under consideration (Feb. 
24, 1993, p. 3542); to provide that an amendment containing an 
appropriation in violation of clause 2 of rule XXI be considered as 
adopted in the House when the reported bill is under consideration (July 
27, 1993, p. 17129); and to provide that a nongermane amendment 
otherwise in violation of clause 7 of rule XVI be considered as adopted 
in the House when the bill is under consideration (Feb. 24, 1993, p. 
3542; July 27, 1993, p. 17129). The Committee on Rules has also reported 
as privileged a joint resolution repealing a statutory joint rule 
(mandatory July adjournment, sec. 132 of the Legislative Reorganization 
Act of 1946) (July 27, 1990, p. 20178). The Committee on Rules has 
reported as privileged a special order of business nearly identical to 
one previously rejected by the House, but held not to constitute 
``another of the same substance'' within the meaning of Jefferson's 
section XLIII (reconsideration) because it provided a different scheme 
for general debate (July 27, 1993, p. 17115).



[[Page 610]]

referred to a primary committee, reported therefrom as privileged, 
referred sequentially, and reported as privileged from the sequential 
committee as well (H. Res. 258, 102d Cong., Nov. 8, 1991, p. 30979; Nov. 
19, 1991, p. 32903).
  A resolution consisting solely of privileged matter, albeit in two 
separate jurisdictions empowered to report at any time under clause 
4(a), has been

  The right of the Committee on Appropriations to report at any time is 
confined strictly to general appropriation bills (IV, 4629-4632; VIII, 
2282-2284) and does not include appropriations for specific purposes 
(VIII, 2285). Before privilege was extended to continuing appropriation 
bills (in 1981), the rule was not construed to extend to resolutions 
extending appropriations (VIII, 2282-2284).

  Reports from the Committee on House Administration authorizing 
appropriations from the Treasury directly for compensation of employees 
(IV, 4645) or fixing the salaries of employees are not privileged (VIII, 
2302).



Sec. 856. Privileged motion for consideration of revenue and 
appropriation bills.

    As early as 1835 the necessity of giving the 
appropriation bills precedence became apparent, and in 1837 former 
clause 9 of rule XVI was adopted to establish that principle, but was 
deleted in recodification as redundant to this rule. Former clause 4(a) 
of rule XI was amended by the Committee Reform Amendments of 1974, 
effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 
34470) to eliminate the authority of the Committee on Ways and Means to 
report as privileged bills raising revenue, and former clause 9 of rule 
XVI was amended in the 104th Congress (H. Res. 254, Nov. 30, 1995, p. 
35077) to delete as obsolete the reference to bills raising revenue (see 
Sec. 853, supra). However, the privilege to call up general 
appropriation bills in both rules was retained. When both types of 
reports were privileged under the rule prior to the 94th Congress, 
motions to consider revenue bills and appropriation bills were of equal 
privilege (IV, 3075, 3076).



[[Page 611]]

Consent Calendar (abolished in the 104th Congress) took precedence (VII, 
986).

Privileged reports by the Committee on Rules
  The motion may designate the particular appropriation bill to be 
considered (IV, 3074). The motion is privileged at any time after the 
approval of the Journal (subject to relevant report and hearing 
availability requirements), but only if offered at the direction of the 
committee (July 23, 1993, p. 16820). The motion is in order on District 
Mondays (VI, 716-718; VII, 876, 1123); and takes precedence of the 
motion to go into Committee of the Whole House to consider the Private 
Calendar (IV, 3082-3085; VI, 719, 720). Before the adoption of clause 4 
of rule XIII (the former Consent Calendar) it could be made on a 
``suspension day'' as on other days (IV, 3080). On Wednesdays the 
privilege of the motion is limited by clause 7 of rule XV. It may not be 
amended (VI, 52, 723), debated (VI, 716), laid on the table, or 
indefinitely postponed (VI, 726), and the previous question may not be 
demanded on it (IV, 3077-3079). Although highly privileged, it may not 
take precedence of a motion to reconsider (IV, 3087), or a motion to 
change the reference of a bill (VII, 2124). The motion is less highly 
privileged than the motion to discharge a committee from further 
consideration of a bill under former clause 3 of rule XXVII (current 
clause 2 of rule XV) (VII, 1011, 1016), and on consent days the call of 
the former



Sec. 857. Reports from Committee on Rules.

  6. (a)  A report by 
the Committee on Rules on a rule, joint rule, or the order of business 
may not be called up for consideration on the same day it is presented 
to the House except--


      (1) when so determined by a vote of two-thirds of the Members 
voting, a quorum being present;

      (2) in the case of a resolution proposing only to waive a 
requirement of clause 4 or of clause 8 of rule XXII concerning the 
availability of reports; or

      (3) during the last three days of a session of Congress.

  (b) Pending the consideration of a report by the Committee on Rules on 
a rule, joint rule, or the order of business, the Speaker may entertain 
one motion that the House adjourn. After the result of such a motion is 
announced, the Speaker may not entertain any other dilatory motion until 
the report shall have been disposed of.

  (c) The Committee on Rules may not report--

      (1) a rule or order proposing that business under clause 7 of rule 
XV be set aside by a vote of less than two-thirds of the Members voting, 
a quorum being present;


[[Page 612]]

rule XIX, including a motion to recommit with instructions to report 
back an amendment otherwise in order, if offered by the Minority Leader 
or a designee, except with respect to a Senate bill or resolution for 
which the text of a House-passed measure has been substituted.

      (2) a rule or order that would prevent the motion to recommit a 
bill or joint resolution from being made as provided in clause 2(b) of

  The Committee on Rules, ``by uniform practice of the House,'' 
exercised the privilege of reporting at any time as early as 1888. The 
right to report at any time is confined to privileged matters (VIII, 
2255). This was probably the survival of a practice which existed as 
early as 1853 of giving the privilege of reporting at any time to this 
committee for a session (IV, 4650). In 1890 the committee was included 
among the committees whose reports were privileged by rule. The present 
rule (former clause 4(b) of rule XI) was adopted in 1892 (IV, 4621), 
amended on March 15, 1909. Clause 6(a)(1) (former matter found in 
parentheses in clause 4(b) of rule XI) was adopted January 18, 1924 (pp. 
1139, 1141), and the rule was further amended by the Committee Reform 
Amendments of 1974, effective January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., 
Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470), to limit its application to reports from the 
Committee on Rules on rules, joint rules, and orders of business. In the 
94th Congress it was amended to permit the immediate consideration of a 
resolution reported from the Committee on Rules waiving the two-hour 
layover requirement (H. Res. 868, Feb. 26, 1976, p. 4625). In the 104th 
Congress the provision was amended to prohibit the Committee on Rules 
from recommending a rule or order that would prevent a motion by the 
Minority Leader or his designee to recommit a bill or joint resolution 
with instructions to report back an amendment otherwise in order except 
in the case of a Senate bill or resolution for which the text of a 
House-passed measure is being substituted (sec. 210, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 
1995, p. 468). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, this provision was found in former clause 4(b) of rule XI (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). For rulings under the earlier form of 
the rule, see Sec. 859, infra.


[[Page 613]]

Oct. 29, 1987, p. 29937). This clause does not require that a privileged 
resolution, and the report thereon, from the Committee on Rules be 
printed before it is called up for consideration (Speaker O'Neill, Feb. 
2, 1977, p. 3344).
  Pursuant to this clause, a privileged report from the Committee on 
Rules may be considered on the same legislative day only by a two-thirds 
vote, but a report properly filed by the committee at any time prior to 
the convening of the House on the next legislative day may be called up 
for immediate consideration without the two-thirds requirement (Speaker 
Albert, July 31, 1975, p. 26243), including a report filed during 
special-order speeches after legislative business on that prior 
legislative day (Oct. 14, 1986, p. 30861), and if the House continues in 
session into a second calendar day and then meets again that day, or 
convenes for two legislative days on the same calendar day, any report 
filed on the first legislative day may be called up on the second 
without the question of consideration being raised (Speaker O'Neill, 
Dec. 16, 1985, p. 36755; Speaker Wright,

  In the case of certain resolutions reported from the Committee on 
Rules, the two-thirds vote requirement for consideration on the same day 
reported does not apply. This clause provides for the immediate 
consideration of a resolution from the Rules Committee waiving the 
requirement that copies of reports and reported measures be available 
for three days before their consideration, and waiving the requirement 
that copies of conference reports or amendments reported from conference 
in disagreement be available for two hours before their consideration 
(see Aug. 10, 1984, p. 23978).

  Although highly privileged, a report from the Committee on Rules 
yields to questions of privilege (VIII, 3491; Mar. 11, 1987, p. 5403), 
and is not in order after the House has voted to go into Committee of 
the Whole (V, 6781). Also a conference report has precedence of it, even 
when the yeas and nays and previous question have been ordered (V, 
6449). Formerly if a report from the Committee on Rules contained 
substantive propositions, a separate vote could be had on each 
proposition (VIII, 2271, 2272, 2274, 3167); but these decisions were 
nullified by the adoption of clause 5(b)(2) of rule XVI (former clause 
6). A report from the Committee on Rules takes precedence over a motion 
to consider a measure which is ``highly privileged'' pursuant to a 
statute enacted as an exercise in the rulemaking authority of the House, 
acknowledging the constitutional authority of the House to change its 
rules at any time (Speaker Wright, Mar. 11, 1987, p. 5403). Before the 
House adopts rules, the Speaker may recognize a Member to offer for 
immediate consideration a special order providing for the consideration 
of a resolution adopting the rules (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 447).


[[Page 614]]

eral budgets but did not dictate what legislation could be considered or 
otherwise constitute a rule of the House) (June 10, 1982, p. 13353).
  The Committee on Rules may report and call up as privileged 
resolutions temporarily waiving or altering any rule of the House, 
including statutory provisions enacted as an exercise of the House's 
rulemaking authority which would otherwise prohibit the consideration of 
a bill being made in order by the resolution. (Speaker Albert, Mar. 20, 
1975, p. 7676; Mar. 24, 1975, p. 8418), or which would otherwise 
establish an exclusive procedure for consideration of a particular type 
of measure (Speaker O'Neill, Apr. 16, 1986, p. 7610; Speaker Wright, 
Mar. 11, 1987, p. 5403). No rule of the House precludes the Committee on 
Rules from reporting a special order making in order specified 
amendments that have not been preprinted as otherwise required by an 
announced policy of that committee (Oct. 23, 1991, p. 28097). No point 
of order lies against a resolution reported from the Committee on Rules 
that waives points of order against a measure or provides special 
procedures for its consideration, where no law constituting a rule of 
the House prohibits consideration of such a resolution (resolution 
providing for consideration of a budget resolution, where a statute 
(P.L. 96-389, reaffirmed congressional commitment to balanced Fed

  The Chair has declined to entertain a unanimous-consent request to 
alter a special order previously adopted by the House to admit an 
additional (nongermane) amendment during further consideration of a bill 
unless assured of certain clearances, consistent with the Speaker's 
announced policy (see Sec. 956, infra) of conferring recognition for 
unanimous-consent requests for the consideration of unreported bills and 
resolutions only when assured that the majority and minority floor and 
committee leaderships have no objection (Nov. 14, 1991, p. 32083).


[[Page 615]]

Sept. 28, 1993, p. 22719). The Chair has held that a virtually 
consecutive invocation of former rule XXX (current clause 6 of rule 
XVII), resulting in a second pair of votes on use of a chart and on 
reconsideration thereof, was not dilatory under this clause (or former 
clause 10 of rule XVI (current clause 1 of rule XVI)) (July 31, 1996, p. 
20693). In the 107th Congress clause 6 of rule XVII was amended to 
render the Chair's recognition for a motion on the use of charts 
completely discretionary (see Sec. 963, infra).


Sec. 858. Dilatory motions not permitted.

  In  the later 
practice it has been held that the question of consideration may not be 
raised against a report from the Committee on Rules (V, 4961-4963; VIII, 
2440, 2441). The clause forbidding dilatory motions has been construed 
strictly  (V, 5740-5742), and in the later practice the following have 
been excluded: (1) the motion to commit after the ordering of the 
previous question (V, 5593-5601; VIII, 2270, 2750; Feb. 22, 1984, p. 
2965); (2) an appeal from the Chair's decision not to entertain the 
question of consideration or a motion to lay the pending resolution on 
the table (V, 5739); and (3) the motion to postpone to a day certain 
(Oct. 9, 1986, p. 29972). A motion to reconsider the vote on ordering 
the previous question has been held not dilatory (V, 5739). Before 
debate has begun on a report from the Committee on Rules, a question of 
the privileges of the House takes precedence (VIII, 3491; Mar. 11, 1987, 
p. 5403). In the event that the previous question is rejected on a 
privileged resolution from the Committee on Rules, the provisions of 
clause 6(b) prohibiting ``dilatory'' motions no longer strictly apply; 
the resolution is subject to proper amendment, further debate, or a 
motion to table or refer, and the Member who lead the opposition to the 
previous question has the prior right to recognition (Oct. 19, 1966, pp. 
27713, 27725-29; May 29, 1980, pp. 12667-78), subject to being preempted 
by a preferential motion offered by another Member (Aug. 13, 1982, pp. 
20969, 20975-78). The member of the Committee on Rules calling up a 
privileged resolution on behalf of the committee may offer an amendment, 
and House rules do not require a specific authorization from the 
committee (Sept. 25, 1990, p. 25575). A motion to table such a pending 
amendment is dilatory and not in order under this provision, but the 
motion to reconsider the vote on ordering the previous question on the 
rule and amendment thereto is not (see V, 5739; Sept. 25, 1990, p. 
25575), and may be laid on the table without carrying with it the 
resolution itself (Sept. 25, 1990, p. 25575). Only one motion to adjourn 
is admissible during the consideration of a report from the Committee on 
Rules (July 23, 1997, p. ----), and the motion may not be made when 
another Member has the floor (Sept. 27, 1993, p. 22608). Where the House 
adjourns during the consideration of a report from the Committee on 
Rules, further consideration of the report becomes the unfinished 
business on the following day, and debate resumes from the point where 
interrupted (Sept. 27, 1993, p. 22609;


  A motion to recommit a special rule from the Committee on Rules is not 
in order (VIII, 2270, 2753).



Sec. 859. Restrictions on authority of Committee on 
Rules.

  From  1934 until the amendment to this provision in the 104th 
Congress (sec. 210, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 468), it was 
consistently held that the Committee on Rules could recommend a special 
order that limited, but did not totally prohibit, a motion to recommit 
pending passage of a bill or joint resolution, as by precluding the 
motion from containing instructions relating to specified amendments 
(Speaker Rainey, sustained on appeal, Jan. 11, 1934, pp. 479-83); or by 
omitting to preserve the availability of amendatory instructions in the 
case that the bill is entirely rewritten by the adoption of a substitute 
made in order as original text (Speaker Foley, June 4, 1991, p. 13170; 
Speaker Foley, Nov. 25, 1991, p. 34460); or by expressly allowing only a 
simple (``straight'') motion to recommit (without instructions) 
(sustained by tabling of appeal, Oct. 16, 1990, p. 29657; sustained by 
tabling of appeal, Feb. 26, 1992, p. 3441; Speaker Foley, sustained by 
tabling of appeal, May 7, 1992, p. 10586; Speaker Foley, sustained by 
tabling of appeal, June 16, 1992, p. 14973; Nov. 21, 1993, p. 31544; 
Nov. 22, 1993, p. 31815). A special order providing for consideration of 
a bill under suspension of the rules does not prevent a motion to 
recommit from being made ``as provided in clause 4 of rule XVI,'' i.e., 
after the previous question is ordered on passage, a procedure not 
applicable to a motion to suspend the rules (Speaker Foley, June 21, 
1990, p. 15229). See Deschler's Precedents, vol. 6, ch. 21, sec. 26.11; 
see generally Deschler's Precedents, vol. 7, ch. 23, sec. 25.


  The caveat against including in a special order matter privileged to 
be reported by another committee (Deschler's Precedents, vol. 6, ch. 21, 
sec. 17.13) does not extend to a ``hereby'' resolution (e.g., that a 
concurrent resolution correcting the enrollment of a bill within the 
jurisdiction of another committee be considered as adopted by the House 
upon the adoption of the special order), so long as not precluding the 
motion to recommit a bill or joint resolution (Speaker Wright, May 4, 
1988, p. 9865).


[[Page 616]]

but where such a resolution provided for the appointment of conferees 
without intervening motion in the case where the House is to ask for a 
conference, giving the Senate the right of first acting on the 
conference report, it was held in contravention of the rule because it 
both precluded a motion to commit the Senate amendment before conference 
and permitted the Senate to act first on the conference report, thereby 
denying the minority of the House any opportunity of making a motion to 
recommit (VIII, 2264).
  A special rule providing that a House bill with Senate amendments be 
taken from the Speaker's table, that the Senate amendments be disagreed 
to, that the Senate's request for a conference be agreed to, and that 
the Speaker appoint conferees without intervening motion, is not in 
violation of this provision, since not precluding a motion to recommit 
after the ordering of the previous question on passage of the bill, and 
since the motion to recommit the conference report would remain 
available (VIII, 2266);

  While the Committee on Rules is forbidden to report special orders 
abrogating the Calendar Wednesday rule or excluding the motion to 
recommit after the previous question, a resolution making possible that 
ultimate result by permitting motions to suspend the rules for a week 
was held in order (VIII, 2267).




Sec. 860. Unfunded mandates.

  The  Unfunded Mandates Reform 
Act of 1995 (P.L. 104-4; 109 Stat. 48) added a new part B to title IV of 
the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 658-658g) that, effective 
on January 1, 1996, or 90 days after appropriations are made available 
to the Congressional Budget Office pursuant to the 1995 Act (whichever 
is earlier), imposes several requirements on committees with respect to 
``Federal mandates'' (secs. 423-424; 2 U.S.C. 658b-c), establishes 
points of order to permit separate votes on whether to enforce those 
requirements (sec. 425; 2 U.S.C. 658d), and permits a vote on the 
consideration of a rule or order waiving such points of order in the 
House (sec. 426(a); 2 U.S.C. 658e(a)). See Sec. 1127, infra.



[[Page 617]]



Sec. 861. Filing reports.

  (d)  The Committee on Rules shall 
present to the House reports concerning rules, joint rules, and the 
order of business, within three legislative days of the time when they 
are ordered. If such a report is not considered immediately, it shall be 
referred to the calendar. If such a report on the calendar is not called 
up by the member of the committee who filed the report within seven 
legislative days, any member of the committee may call it up as a 
privileged question on the day after the calendar day on which the 
member announces to the House his intention to do so. The Speaker shall 
recognize a member of the committee who rises for that purpose.



  (e) An adverse report by the Committee on Rules on a resolution 
proposing a special order of business for the consideration of a public 
bill or public joint resolution may be called up as a privileged 
question by a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner on a day when 
it is in order to consider a motion to discharge committees under clause 
2 of rule XV.


  This provision was initially adopted January 18, 1924, amended 
December 8, 1931 (VIII, 2268), January 3, 1949 (p. 16), January 3, 1951 
(p. 18), January 4, 1965 (p. 24) (inserting the so-called ``21-day 
rule''), January 10, 1967 (H. Res. 7, p. 28) (deleting the ``21-day 
rule'' in effect in the 89th Congress), January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 
93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). Before the House recodified its 
rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 
4(c) of rule XI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). A special order 
reported from the Committee on Rules and not called up within seven 
legislative days may be called up by any member of that committee, 
including a minority member (Nov. 13, 1979, p. 32185; May 6, 1982, p. 
8905). In the 100th Congress this paragraph was amended to require the 
member of the Committee on Rules calling up a report seven legislative 
days after its filing to have given one calendar day's notice to the 
House (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1987, p. 6).




Sec. 862.

  (f)  If the House has adopted a resolution making 
in order a motion to consider a bill or resolution, and such a motion 
has not been offered within seven calendar days thereafter, such a 
motion shall be privileged if offered by direction of all reporting 
committees having initial jurisdiction of the bill or resolution.




[[Page 618]]


  This provision was contained in section 109 of the Legislative 
Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1140) and became part of the rules 
in the 92d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former clause 2(l)(7) of rule XI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). In 
modern practice, this subparagraph is normally inapplicable in light of 
clause 2(b) of rule XVIII, which provides for the House resolving into 
the Committee of the Whole by declaration of the Speaker pursuant to a 
special order of business rather than by adoption of a motion.




Sec. 863. Specifying waivers.

  (g)  Whenever the Committee on 
Rules reports a resolution providing for the consideration of a measure, 
it shall (to the maximum extent possible) specify in the resolution the 
object of any waiver of a point of order against the measure or against 
its consideration.



Resolutions of inquiry
  This provision (former clause 4(e) of rule XI) was adopted in this 
form in the 104th Congress (sec. 211, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 468). 
Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 4(e) of rule XI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).




Sec. 864. Resolution of inquiry.

  7. A  report on a resolution of 
inquiry addressed to the head of an executive department may be filed 
from the floor as privileged. If such a resolution is not reported to 
the House within 14 legislative days after its introduction, a motion to 
discharge a committee from its consideration shall be privileged.


  The House has exercised the right, from its earliest days, to call on 
the President and heads of departments for information. The first rule 
on the subject was adopted in 1820 for the purpose of securing greater 
care and deliberation in the making of requests. The present form of 
rule, in its essential features, dates from 1879 (III, 1856), while the 
time period for a committee to report was extended from one week to 14 
legislative days in the 98th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1983, p. 34). 
Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 5 of rule XXII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).


[[Page 619]]

with the public interest'' (II, 1547; III, 1896-1901; V, 5759; VI, 436). 
But in some instances the House has made its inquiries of the President 
without condition, and has even made the inquiry imperative (III, 1896-
1901). Resolutions of inquiry are delivered under direction of the Clerk 
(III, 1879) and are answered by subordinate officers of the Government 
either directly or through the President (III, 1908-1910).


Sec. 865. Forms of resolutions of inquiry and 
delivery thereof.

  Resolutions of  inquiry are usually simple rather than concurrent in 
form (III, 1875), and are never joint resolutions (III, 1860). A 
resolution authorizing a committee to request information has been 
treated as a resolution of inquiry (III, 1860). It has been considered 
proper to use the word ``request'' in asking for information from the 
President and ``direct'' in addressing the heads of departments (III, 
1856, footnote, 1895). It is usual for the House in calling on the 
President for information, especially with relation to foreign affairs, 
to use the qualifying clause ``if not incompatible




Sec. 866. Privileged status of resolutions of 
inquiry.

  The practice of  the House gives to resolutions of inquiry a privileged 
status. Thus, they are privileged for report and consideration at any 
time after their reference to a committee (III, 1870; VI, 413, 414), but 
not before (III, 1857), and are in order for consideration only on 
motion directed to be made by the committee reporting the same (VI, 413; 
VIII, 2310). They are privileged for consideration on ``Suspension 
days'' and took precedence of the former Consent Calendar (VI, 409) 
before its abolishment in the 104th Congress (H. Res. 168, June 20, 
1995, p. 16574), but are not in order on Calendar Wednesday (VII, 896-
898). And only resolutions addressed to the President and the heads of 
the executive departments have the privilege (III, 1861-1864; VI, 406). 
To enjoy the privilege a resolution should call for facts rather than 
opinions (III, 1872, 1873; VI, 413, 418-432; July 7, 1971, pp. 23810-
11), should not require investigations (III, 1872-1874; VI, 422, 427, 
429, 432), and should not present a preamble (III, 1877, 1878; VI, 422, 
427); but if a resolution on its face calls for facts, the Chair will 
not investigate the probability of the existence of the facts called for 
(VI, 422). However, a resolution inquiring for such facts as would 
inevitably require the statement of an opinion to answer such inquiry is 
not privileged (Speaker Longworth, Feb. 11, 1926, p. 3805).


  Questions of privilege (as distinguished from privileged questions) 
have sometimes arisen in cases wherein the head of a department has 
declined to respond to an inquiry and the House has desired to demand a 
further answer (III, 1891; VI, 435); but a demand for a more complete 
reply (III, 1892) or a proposition to investigate as to whether or not 
there has been a failure to respond may not be presented as involving 
the privileges of the House (III, 1893).


[[Page 620]]

the resolution is debatable under the hour rule unless the previous 
question is ordered (VI, 416, 417). If a committee reports a privileged 
resolution of inquiry (favorably or adversely), it may then be called up 
only by an authorized member of the reporting committee and not by 
another Member of the House (VI, 413; VIII, 2310). The Member calling up 
a privileged resolution of inquiry reported from committee is recognized 
to control one hour of debate and may move to lay the resolution on the 
table during that time (July 7, 1971, pp. 23807-10; Oct. 20, 1971, pp. 
37055-57).


Sec. 867. Discharge of a committee from a 
resolution of inquiry.

  Committees are  required to report resolutions of inquiry back 
to the House within one week (now 14 days) of the reference, and this 
time is construed to be legislative days (VIII, 3368; Speaker Rayburn, 
Feb. 9, 1950, p. 1755) exclusive of either the first or last day (III, 
1858, 1859). If a committee refuses or neglects to report the resolution 
back, the House may reach the resolution only by a motion to discharge 
the committee (III, 1865). The ordinary motion to discharge a committee 
is not privileged (VIII, 2316); but the practice of the House has given 
privilege to the motion in cases of resolutions of inquiry (III, 1866-
1870). And this motion to discharge is privileged at the end of the time 
period, though the resolution may have been delayed in reaching the 
committee (III, 1871). The motion to discharge is not debatable (III, 
1868; VI, 415). However, if the motion is agreed to,






 


Sec. 868. Resolutions of inquiry as related to 
the Executive.

  The President  having failed to respond to a resolution of inquiry, 
the House respectfully reminded him of the fact (III, 1890). In 1796 the 
House declared that its constitutional requests of the Executive for 
information need not be accompanied by a statement of purposes (II, 
1509). As to the kind of information which may be required, especially 
as to the papers that may be demanded, there has been much discussion 
(III, 1700, 1738, 1888, 1902, 1903; VI, 402, 435). There have been 
several conflicts with the Executive (II, 1534, 1561; III, 1884, 1885-
1889, 1894) over demands for papers and information, especially when the 
resolutions have called for papers relating to foreign affairs (II, 
1509-1513, 1518, 1519).


                                Rule XIV


                     order and priority of business



Sec. 869. The rule for the order of business in the House.

  1. The daily order of business (unless varied by the application of 
other rules and except for the disposition of matters of higher 
precedence) shall be as follows:
   
First. Prayer by the Chaplain. l   Second. Reading and approval of the 
Journal, unless postponed under clause 8 of rule XX.


  Third. The Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag.

  Fourth. Correction of reference of public bills.

  Fifth. Disposal of business on the Speaker's table as provided in 
clause 2.


[[Page 621]]

  Sixth. Unfinished business as provided in clause 3.

  Seventh. The morning hour for the consideration of bills called up by 
committees as provided in clause 4.

  Eighth. Motions that the House resolve into the Committee of the Whole 
House on the state of the Union subject to clause 5.


  Ninth. Orders of the day.

  Originally the House had no rule prescribing an order of business, but 
certain simple usages were gradually established by practice before the 
first rule on the subject was adopted in 1811. The rule was amended 
frequently to arrange the business to give the House as large a freedom 
as possible in selecting for consideration and completing the 
consideration of the bills that it deems most important. The basic form 
of the rule has been in place since 1890 (IV, 3056). The 98th Congress 
made a conforming change to the second order of business relating to the 
postponement of the vote on approval of the Journal (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 
1983, p. 34). The 104th Congress added the present third order of 
business respecting the Pledge of Allegiance (sec. 218, H. Res. 6, Jan. 
4, 1995, p. 468). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, this provision was found in former clause 1 of rule XXIV (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). A correction to a cross reference was 
effected in the 107th Congress (sec. 2(x), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. 
----).

  The Speaker does not entertain a point of no quorum before the prayer 
is offered (VI, 663). Under clause 7 of rule XX, a point of no quorum 
may not be entertained unless a question is pending (see Sec. 1027, 
infra).


[[Page 622]]

clauses 5 and 7 of rule XV, providing for a call of the Private Calendar 
on the first Tuesday of each month and a call of committees on 
Wednesdays. By this combination of an order of business with privileged 
interruptions the House is enabled to give precedence to its most 
important business without at the same time losing the power by majority 
vote to go to any other bills on its calendars.
<>   The privileged matters which may interrupt the order of 
business include: l  (1) General appropriation bills (clause 5 of rule 
XIII; IV, 3072). l  (2) Conference reports (clause 7(a) of rule XXII; V, 
6443) and motions to discharge or instruct conferees (clause 7(c) of 
rule XXII).


Sec. 870. Privileged interruptions of the order of 
business in the House.

  This rule  does not, however, bind the House to a daily 
routine, since the system of making certain important subjects 
privileged (see clause 5 of rule XIII and rule XXII) permits the 
interruption of the order of business by matters which, in fact, often 
supplant it entirely for days at a time. In the 106th Congress the 
recodification acknowledged in the parenthetical of this clause that the 
prescribed daily order of business could be superseded by operation of 
other rules (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). But on any day, when the 
order of business is interrupted by a privileged matter, the business in 
order goes on from the place of interruption (IV, 3070, 3071) unless the 
House adjourns. After an adjournment the House begins again at the 
beginning. While privileged matters may interrupt the order of business, 
they may do so only with the consent of a majority of the House, 
expressed as to appropriation bills by the vote on going into Committee 
of the Whole to consider such bills, and as to matters like conference 
reports, questions of privilege, etc., by raising and voting on the 
question of consideration. The only exceptions to the principle that a 
majority may prevent interruption is contained in


  (3) Special orders reported by the Committee on Rules for 
consideration by the House (clause 5 of rule XIII; IV, 3070-3076, 4621).

  (4) Consideration of amendments between the Houses after disagreement 
(IV, 3149, 3150).

  (5) Questions of privilege (rule IX; III, 2521).

  (6) Privileged bills reported under the right to report at any time 
(clauses 5 and 7 of rule XIII; IV, 3142-3144, 4621).

  (7) Call of committees on Wednesdays for bills on House and Union 
Calendars (clause 7 of rule XV).

  (8) Private business on Tuesday (clause 5 of rule XV).

  (9) Motions on the second and fourth Mondays of the month to discharge 
committees on public bills and resolutions (clause 2 of rule XV), and 
consideration of District of Columbia business (clause 4 of rule XV; IV, 
3304).

  (10) Consideration of bills on the Corrections Calendar (clause 6 of 
rule XV), and motions to suspend the rules and pass bills out of the 
regular order (clause 1 of rule XV; V, 6790).

  (11) Bills coming over from a previous day with the previous question 
ordered (V, 5510-5517).

  (12) Bills returned with the objections of the President (IV, 3534-
3536).

  (13) Motions to send a bill to conference (under clause 1 of rule 
XXII; Aug. 1, 1972, p. 26153).


[[Page 623]]

  In addition to these matters, the House by practice permits its order 
of business to be interrupted, at the discretion of the Speaker, for the 
reception of messages (V, 6602). Prior to the 104th Congress, addressing 
the House out of order by unanimous consent, the Speaker announced that 
on at least two subsequent days he would recognize designated Members 
after approval of the Journal to lead the House in the Pledge of 
Allegiance to the Flag (Speaker Wright, Sept. 9, 1988, p. 23310). 
Requests of Members for leaves of absence are in practice put before the 
House at the time of adjournment (IV, 3151).




Sec. 872. The interruption of the order of business 
by the request for unanimous consent.

  When the  House has no rule establishing 
an order of business, as at the beginning of a session before the 
adoption of rules, it is in order for any Member who is recognized by 
the Chair to offer a proposition relating to the order of business 
without asking consent of the House (IV, 3060). But after the adoption 
of the rule for the order of business, interruptions are confined to 
matters privileged to interrupt or to cases wherein the House gives 
unanimous consent for an interruption. A request for unanimous consent 
to consider a bill is in effect a request to suspend the order of 
business temporarily (IV, 3059). Therefore any Member, including the 
Speaker, may object, or reserve the right to object and inquire, for 
example, about the reasons for the request, or demand the ``regular 
order'' (IV, 3058). Debate under a reservation of objection proceeds at 
the sufferance of the House and may not continue after a demand for the 
regular order (see, e.g., Speaker Foley, Nov. 14, 1991, p. 32128; Dec. 
15, 1995, p. 37142). A Member objecting to a unanimous-consent request 
or demanding the regular order when another has reserved the right to 
object must stand to be observed by the Chair (Nov. 7, 1991, p. 30633; 
June 23, 1992, p. 15703). The Speaker, however, usually signifies his 
objection by declining to put the request of the Member, thus saving the 
time of the House. The Speaker's guidelines for recognition for 
unanimous-consent requests for consideration of unreported measures are 
issued pursuant to clause 2 of rule XVII and are discussed in Sec. 956, 
infra. The request for unanimous consent began to be used about 1832 
when the House first felt a pressure of business and the necessity of 
adhering to a fixed order (IV, 3155-3159). In 1909, by the adoption of 
former clause 4 of rule XIII, a Consent Calendar was established, which 
was abolished in the 104th Congress (H. Res. 168, June 20, 1995, p. 
16574). For discussion of unanimous-consent requests and reservations of 
objections, see House Practice (1996), pp. 359-360, 861-68, and 
Sec. 956, infra. Unanimous consent for the immediate consideration of a 
measure in the House does not preclude a demand for a record vote when 
the Chair puts the question on final passage, since it merely permits 
consideration of a matter not otherwise privileged (Dec. 16, 1987, p. 
35816).




Sec. 873. Disposal of 
business on the Speaker's table.

  2. Business on the Speaker's table  shall be disposed of as follows:


      (a) Messages from the President shall be referred to the 
appropriate committees without debate.


[[Page 624]]

heads of departments and bills, resolutions, and messages from the 
Senate, may be referred to the appropriate committees in the same manner 
and with the same right of correction as public bills and public 
resolutions presented by Members, Delegates, or the Resident 
Commissioner.
      (b) Communications addressed to the House, including reports and 
communications from

      (c) Motions to dispose of Senate amendments on the Speaker's table 
may be entertained as provided in clauses 1, 2, and 4 of rule XXII.


      (d) Senate bills and resolutions substantially the same as House 
measures already favorably reported and not required to be considered in 
the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union may be 
disposed of by motion. Such a motion shall be privileged if offered by 
direction of all reporting committees having initial jurisdiction of the 
House measure.

  A rule to govern disposition of business on the Speaker's table (to be 
distinguished from the table of the House, which is the Clerk's table) 
was adopted in 1832. In 1880 and 1885 efforts were made to so modify the 
rule as to prevent delays in business on the Speaker's table, but it was 
not until 1890 that the present rule was adopted (IV, 3089). Before the 
House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision and 
clause 2 of rule XXII occupied a single clause (former clause 2 of rule 
XXIV) (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 625]]

for action; but communications other than messages from the President, 
all portions of Senate messages requiring consideration in Committee of 
the Whole (IV, 3101), and Senate bills of all kinds (with the exception 
noted in the rule) are referred to the appropriate standing committees 
under direction of the Speaker without action by the House (IV, 3107, 
3111; VI, 727). Under clause 2 of former rule XXIV (current rule XIV), 
the Speaker may temporarily retain custody of an executive communication 
addressed to him (or may pursuant to former clause 1 of rule IV (current 
clause 3(a) of rule II) order the Sergeant-at-Arms to assume custody) 
pending House disposition of a special order reported from the Committee 
on Rules relating to a referral of the communication to committee (Sept. 
9, 1998, p. ----).


Sec. 874. Matters on Speaker's table for action by the 
House or by the Speaker alone.

  Such  portions of messages from the Senate as 
require action by the House, all messages from the President except 
those transmitting his objections to bills (IV, 3534-3536), and all 
communications and reports from the heads of departments go to the 
Speaker's table when received, to be disposed of under this rule. Simple 
resolutions of the Senate that do not require any action by the House 
are not referred (VII, 1048). All of the President's messages and such 
portions of Senate messages as, being House bills with Senate 
amendments, that do not require consideration in Committee of the Whole 
are laid before the House



[[Page 626]]

The authority of a committee to call up a bill must be given at a formal 
meeting of the committee (VIII, 2211, 2212, 2222).
  A House bill returned with Senate amendments involving a new matter of 
appropriation, whether with or without a request for a conference, may 
be referred directly to a standing committee (VI, 731), and on being 
reported therefrom is referred directly to the Committee of the Whole 
(IV, 3094, 3095, 3108-3110). The usual practice, however, is to take 
from the Speaker's table and send to conference by unanimous consent 
(VI, 732). The Speaker's authority under this clause includes the 
discretionary authority to refer from the Speaker's table Senate 
amendments to House-passed bills, to standing committees, under any 
conditions permitted under current clause 2 of rule XII (former clause 5 
of rule X) for referral of introduced bills; he may for example impose a 
time limitation for consideration only of a portion of the Senate 
amendment, not germane to the original House bill, by the standing 
committee with subject-matter jurisdiction, without referring the 
remainder of the Senate amendment to the House committee with 
jurisdiction over the original House bill (Speaker O'Neill, H.R. 31, 
Mar. 26, 1981, p. 5397). The Speaker announced his policy regarding 
referral of nongermane Senate amendments to committee (Jan. 3, 1983, p. 
54; Jan. 6, 1987, p. 21); and his policy regarding recognition for 
unanimous-consent requests to dispose of Senate amendments at the 
Speaker's table (Apr. 26, 1984, p. 10194; Feb. 4, 1987, p. 2676) 
discussed in Sec. 956, infra. A Senate bill to come before the House 
directly from the table must conform to the conditions prescribed by the 
rule (IV, 3098, 3099; VI, 727, 734, 737), and must have come to the 
House after and not before the House bill ``substantially the same'' has 
been placed on the House Calendar (IV, 3096; VI, 727, 736, 738). In the 
event the House bill has passed before the Senate bill is received, the 
Senate bill may nevertheless be disposed of on motion directed by the 
committee (VI, 734, 735). The House bill must be correctly on the House 
Calendar (VI, 736). In determining whether the House bill is 
substantially the same as the Senate bill, amendments recommended by the 
House committee must be considered (VI, 734, 736). The rule applies to 
private as well as to public Senate bills (IV, 3101), and to concurrent 
resolutions as well as to bills (IV, 3097). Although a committee must 
authorize the calling up of the Senate bill (VI, 739), the actual motion 
need not be made by a member of the committee (IV, 3100).




Sec. 875. Reference of President's messages from the 
Speaker's table.

  A  message of the President on the Speaker's table is 
regularly laid before the House only at the time prescribed by the order 
of business (V, 6635-6638). While it is always read in full and entered 
on the Journal and the Congressional Record (V, 6963), the accompanying 
documents are not read on demand of a Member or entered in the Journal 
or Record (V, 5267-5271; VII, 1108). The annual message of the President 
is usually referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of 
the Union by the House on motion (V, 6631). In the earlier practice it 
was distributed to appropriate standing committees by resolutions 
reported from the Committee on Ways and Means (V, 6621, 6622) but since 
the first session of the 64th Congress the practice has been 
discontinued (VIII, 3350). A portion of the annual message has been 
referred directly to a select committee (V, 6628). A message other than 
an annual message is usually referred directly to a standing committee 
by direction of the Speaker (IV, 4053; VIII, 3346), but may be referred 
by the House itself on motion by a Member (V, 6631; VIII, 3348), and 
such motion is privileged (VIII, 3348). This reference may be to a 
select as well as to a standing committee (V, 6633, 6634).





Sec. 876. Unfinished business.

  3.  Consideration of 
unfinished business in which the House may have been engaged at an 
adjournment, except business in the morning hour and proceedings 
postponed under clause 8 of rule XX, shall be resumed as soon as the 
business on the Speaker's table is finished, and at the same time each 
day thereafter until disposed of. The consideration of all other 
unfinished business shall be resumed whenever the class of business to 
which it belongs shall be in order under the rules.



[[Page 627]]

  The first rule relating to unfinished business was adopted in 1794. 
Changes were made in 1860 and 1880, but the rule finally became 
unsatisfactory, because of delays caused by it, and in 1890 the present 
form was adopted (IV, 3112). Before the House recodified its rules in 
the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 3 of rule 
XXIV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). A clerical correction to a 
cross reference was effected in the 107th Congress (sec. 2(x), H. Res. 
5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).



Sec. 877. Construction of rule as to unfinished 
business.

  This  clause should be understood in light of clause 8 of rule XX, 
which permits the Chair to postpone record votes on certain questions to 
a designated time within two legislative days (see Sec. 1030, infra). 
The ``business in which the House may be engaged at an adjournment'' 
means, literally, business in the House, as distinguished from the 
Committee of the Whole; and it further means business in which the House 
is engaged in its general legislative time, as distinguished from the 
special periods set aside for classes of business, like the morning hour 
for calls of committee, Tuesdays for private bills, etc. In general, all 
business unfinished in the general legislative time goes over as 
unfinished business under the rule, but there are a few exceptions. 
Thus, a motion relating to the order of business does not recur as 
unfinished business on a succeeding day, even though the yeas and nays 
may have been ordered on it (IV, 3114). The question of consideration, 
also, when not disposed of at an adjournment, does not recur as 
unfinished business on a succeeding day (V, 4947, 4948), but may be 
again raised on a subsequent day when the matter is again called up as 
unfinished business (VIII, 2438). Where the House adjourns during the 
consideration of a report from the Committee on Rules, further 
consideration of the report becomes the unfinished business on the 
following day, and debate resumes from the point where interrupted 
(Sept. 27, 1993, p. 22609; Sept. 28, 1993, p. 22719). When the House 
adjourns on the second legislative day after postponement of a question 
under clause 8 of rule XX without resuming proceedings thereon, the 
question remains unfinished business on the next legislative day (Oct. 
1, 1997, p. ----). When the House adjourns while a motion to instruct 
under clause 7(c) of rule XXII is pending, the motion to instruct 
becomes unfinished business on the next day and does not need to be 
renoticed (Oct. 1, 1997, p. ----).



[[Page 628]]



Sec. 878. Effect of previous question.

  When the  House 
adjourns before voting on a proposition on which the previous question 
has been ordered, either directly or by the terms of a special order 
(IV, 3185), the matter comes up the next day as unfinished business (V, 
5510-5517; VIII, 2691; Aug. 2, 1989, p. 18187). If several bills come 
over in this situation, they have precedence in the order in which the 
several motions for the previous question were made (V, 5518). When the 
previous question is ordered on a bill undisposed of at adjournment on 
Friday, the bill comes up for disposition on the next legislative day 
(VIII, 2694). A bill going over from Calendar Wednesday with the 
previous question ordered on it should be disposed of on the next 
legislative day (VII, 967), but when the previous question is ordered on 
a bill undisposed of when the House adjourns Tuesday, the bill goes over 
until Thursday (VII, 890-894; VIII, 2674, 2691). A bill coming over from 
a preceding day with the previous question ordered was of equal 
privilege with business on the former Consent Calendar (VII, 990).




Sec. 879. Business unfinished in periods set apart 
for classes of business.

  The rule  excepts by its terms certain classes of 
business which are considered in periods set apart for classes of 
business, viz: l  (a) Bills considered in the morning hour and on 
Calendar Wednesday for the call of committees. l  (b) Bills in Committee 
of the Whole.


  (c) Private bills considered on Tuesdays.

  (d) District of Columbia bills.

  (e) Bills brought up under the rule setting apart days for motions to 
suspend the rules, the Corrections Calendar, motions to discharge 
committees, and bills under consideration after a committee has been 
discharged.

  A bill brought up in the morning hour and undisposed of when the call 
ceases for the day remains as unfinished business in the morning hour 
(IV, 3113, 3120), i.e., it is considered when the House next goes to a 
call of committees. Business unfinished when the Committee of the Whole 
rises remains unfinished, to be considered first in order when the House 
next goes into Committee of the Whole to consider that business (IV, 
4735, 4736).


  On District of Columbia day business unfinished on the preceding 
District day is in order for consideration, but does not come before the 
House unless called up (IV, 3307; VII, 879). Unless postponed under 
clause 8 of rule XX, a motion to suspend the rules, which is undisposed 
of on one suspension day, goes over as unfinished business to the next 
suspension day, individual motions going over to a committee day, and 
vice versa (V, 6814-6816; VII, 1005; VIII, 3411, 3412).



[[Page 629]]




Sec. 880. The morning hour for the call of 
committees.

  4. After the  unfinished business has been disposed of, the Speaker 
shall call each standing committee in regular order and then select 
committees. Each committee when named may call up for consideration a 
bill or resolution reported by it on a previous day and on the House 
Calendar. If the Speaker does not complete the call of the committees 
before the House passes to other business, the next call shall resume at 
the point it left off, giving preference to the last bill or resolution 
under consideration. A committee that has occupied the call for two days 
may not call up another bill or resolution until the other committees 
have been called in their turn.


  The morning hour is one of the oldest devices of the rules for 
devoting an early portion of the session to a specific class of 
business. Until 1885 it was the hour for the reception of reports from 
committees. In 1890 it was provided that reports should be filed with 
the Clerk, and the morning hour was by this rule devoted to a call of 
committees for the consideration of House Calendar bills (IV, 3181). 
Since the adoption of the Calendar Wednesday rule (clause 7 of rule XV), 
the morning hour has been used but rarely. Before the House recodified 
its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former 
clause 4 of rule XXIV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).




Sec. 881. Procedure in the morning 
hour.

  Originally the  morning hour was a fixed period of 60 minutes (IV, 3118); but 
under the present rule it does not terminate until the call is exhausted 
or until the House adjourns (IV, 3119), unless the House on motion made 
at the end of 60 minutes votes to go into Committee of the Whole House 
on the state of the Union (clause 5 of rule XIV; IV, 3134), or unless 
other privileged matter intervenes (IV, 3131, 3132). Before the 
expiration of the 60 minutes the Speaker has declined to permit the call 
to be interrupted by a privileged report (IV, 3132) or by unanimous 
consent (IV, 3130). Where the business for which the call is interrupted 
is concluded, the call is resumed unless there be other interrupting 
business or the House adjourns (IV, 3133). A bill once brought up on the 
call continues before the House in that order of business until disposed 
of (IV, 3120), unless withdrawn by authority of the committee before 
action which puts it in possession of the House (IV, 3129); and may not 
be made a special order for a future day by a motion to postpone to a 
day certain (IV, 3164). In order to be called up in this order a bill 
must actually be on the House Calendar, and properly there, in order to 
be considered (IV, 3122-3126), and a bill on the Union Calendar may not 
be brought up on call of committees under this clause (VI, 753). If the 
authority of the committee to call up a bill is disputed, the Chair does 
not consider it his duty to decide the question (IV, 3127), but the 
Chair may base its decision on statements from the chairman and other 
members of the committee (IV, 3128).



[[Page 630]]

Union to consider a particular bill. Such a motion shall be subject to 
only one amendment designating another bill. If such a motion is decided 
in the negative, another such motion may not be considered until the 
matter that was pending when such motion was offered is disposed of.



Sec. 882. Interruption of the call of committees by 
motion to go into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the 
Union.

  5. After  consideration of bills or resolutions under clause 4 for one 
hour, it shall be in order, pending consideration thereof, to entertain 
a motion that the House resolve into the Committee of the Whole House on 
the state of the Union or, when authorized by a committee, that the 
House resolve into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the


  This portion of the rule was adopted in 1890 as part of the plan for 
enabling the House at will to go at any time to any public bill on its 
calendars (IV, 3134). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, this provision was found in former clause 5 of rule XXIV (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


6. <>   All questions relating to the priority of business 
shall be decided by a majority without debate.



Sec. 883. Conditions of the motion to go into 
Committee of the Whole at the end of one hour.

  The words  of the rule ``one 
hour'' have been interpreted to mean a less time in case the call of 
committees shall have exhausted itself before the expiration of one hour 
(IV, 3135); but not otherwise (IV, 3141). After the House has been in 
Committee of the Whole under this order and has risen and reported, and 
the report has been acted on by the House, other motions to go into 
Committee to consider other bills are in order (IV, 3136). The motion to 
go into Committee generally may be made by the individual Member (IV, 
3138), but when it is proposed to designate a particular bill he must 
have the authority of a committee (IV, 3138). The amendment to the 
motion to consider a particular bill must refer to a bill on the Union 
Calendar (IV, 3139). This order of business is used entirely for 
nonprivileged bills and is not used in the House for consideration of 
bills in Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union if 
otherwise privileged under clause 5 of rule XIII.


  This provision was adopted in 1803 to prevent obstructive debate (IV, 
3061). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former rule XXV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----
). The question of consideration under clause 3 of rule XVI and the 
motion that the House resolve itself into the Committee of the Whole are 
not debatable (VIII, 2447; IV, 3062, 3063).




[[Page 631]]
 
  This rule may not be invoked to establish an order of business or to 
inhibit the Speaker's power of recognition (Speaker Albert, July 31, 
1975, p. 26249). It has been held that appeals from decisions of the 
Chair as to priority of business are not debatable under this rule (V, 
6952).

                                 Rule XV


Suspensions, Mondays and Tuesdays
                    business in order on special days




Sec. 885. Motions to suspend the rules.

  1. (a)  A rule may not be 
suspended except by a vote of two-thirds of the Members voting, a quorum 
being present. The Speaker may not entertain a motion that the House 
suspend the rules except on Mondays and Tuesdays and during the last six 
days of a session of Congress.



[[Page 632]]

  This provision (former clause 1 of rule XXVII) has been built up 
gradually on an old rule of 1794, which provided that no rule should be 
rescinded without one day's notice. In 1822 a clause was added that no 
rule should be suspended except by a two-thirds vote; and in 1828 it was 
provided that the order of business, as established by the rules, should 
not be changed except by a two-thirds vote. This provision marks the 
great purpose of the motion, which was to give a means of getting 
consideration for bills which could not get forward under the rule for 
the order of business. Originally in order on any day, the motion was, 
in 1847, restricted to Mondays of each week, and, in 1880, to the first 
and third Mondays of each month. In 1874 the old limit of 10 days at the 
end of the session was reduced to six days. In the 93d Congress, the 
rule was amended to permit the Speaker to recognize for such motions on 
the first and third Mondays and on the Tuesdays immediately following 
those days and to eliminate the distinction between days on which 
committees and individuals had preference (H. Res. 6, Jan. 3, 1973, pp. 
26, 27); and in the 95th Congress, the rule was amended to permit the 
Speaker to recognize for such motions on every Monday and Tuesday (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, 95th Cong., pp. 53-70). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former clause 1 of rule XXVII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). 
Originally of great use in establishing the order of business, when the 
older and more defective rules for the order of business existed, the 
use of the motion has changed since the House in 1890 adopted rules for 
the order of business which enables the House on any day to go to any 
public bills on its calendars. About the same time the perfection of the 
process of getting bills before the House out of order by a majority 
vote through a report from the Committee on Rules further diminished the 
importance of the motion to suspend the rules (V, 6790).


[[Page 633]]

the permission to a committee to report several bills (V, 6857), an 
order to the Clerk to incorporate in the engrossment of a general 
appropriation bill a provision not otherwise in order (IV, 3845), an 
authorization to the House to entertain a specified motion to suspend 
the rules on a future day, not a suspension day (IV, 3845), a motion to 
take a bill (V, 6288; VIII, 3425), or a motion to reconsider, from the 
table (V, 5640). A motion to suspend the rules may provide for the 
passage of a bill regardless of whether it has been reported or referred 
to any calendar or even previously introduced (VIII, 3421; July 16, 
1996, p. 17228), may include an amendment without the formality of 
committee approval (June 22, 1992, p. 15617), may provide for agreeing 
to a conference report which has been ruled out of order by the Speaker 
(Dec. 20, 1974, p. 41860), and may provide for passage of a bill that 
consists of the text of two bills previously passed by the House (Sept. 
19, 2000, p. ----). One motion to suspend the rules having been 
rejected, the Speaker may recognize for a similar motion (Dec. 21, 1973, 
pp. 43270-81).


Sec. 886. Nature of the motion to suspend the 
rules.

  While originally  the motion was used to suspend the rule on the order of 
business in order to consider a particular bill (V, 6852, 6853), in the 
later practice it is more usual to move ``to suspend the rules and 
pass'' the bill (V, 6846, 6847), and a division of the question may not 
be demanded, either as to the two branches of the motion or as to 
distinct substantive propositions in the subject of the motion (V, 6141-
6143). The motion may not be amended (V, 5322, 5405, 6858; Deschler's 
Precedents, vol. 6, ch. 21, sec. 14.7; Apr. 11, 2000, p. ----), 
postponed (V, 5322), or laid on the table (V, 5405). The motion to 
reconsider may not be applied to a negative vote on the motion (V, 5645, 
5646; VIII, 2781; Sept. 28, 1996, p. 25797), although it may be applied 
to an affirmative vote (Sept. 28, 1996, p. 25796). The motion to refer 
may not be applied to the bill which it is proposed to pass under 
suspension of the rules (V, 6860). The motion to suspend the rules 
applied to the parliamentary law of Jefferson's Manual as well as to the 
other rules of the House (V, 6796), and may even be used to deny the 
right to have read a paper on which the House is to vote (V, 5278-5284). 
While it has been held that the right of a Member to have read the paper 
on which he is called to vote is not changed by the fact that the 
procedure is by suspension of the rules (V, 5277; VIII, 3400), the 
precedents are not uniform in this regard, and in earlier instances the 
separate motion to suspend the rules and dispense with reading of 
pendings bills, amendments, and Senate amendments was held in order (V, 
5278-84). Under the modern practice, only the motion ``to suspend the 
rules and pass'' is itself read and is held to suspend all rules 
inconsistent with its purposes, including a rule requiring that a recess 
be taken (V, 5752), or that a quorum be present when a bill is reported 
from committee (Sept. 22, 1992, p. 26932). Thus only the title of the 
bill is normally read by the Clerk, and amendments included in the 
motion are not reported separately, but the Chair may, in his 
discretion, where objection is made to that procedure, require the 
reading of an amendment which is not printed or otherwise available 
(July 17, 1950, p. 10448). Where a motion to suspend the rules and agree 
to a resolution which provided for concurring in a Senate amendment with 
an amendment consisting of the text of a bill introduced in the House, 
the Speaker ruled that reading of the resolution itself was sufficient 
and that it could be re-read to the House only by unanimous consent 
(Dec. 21, 1973, pp. 43251-63). It may be used also to change a rule (V, 
6862), or to make a new rule, as was more frequently done in the earlier 
years of the House when it was the only way for making a special order 
except by unanimous consent (IV, 3152-3162). In the later practice 
special orders may still be made by motion to suspend the rules (IV, 
3154); but usually they are made by majority vote of the House on a 
report from the Committee on Rules (IV, 3169). The motion to suspend may 
include a series of actions, as the discharge of a committee from 
consideration of a bill and the passage of it (V, 6850), the 
reconsideration of the vote passing a bill, amendment of it, and passage 
again (V, 6849),



[[Page 634]]

by a question of the privilege of the House (III, 2553; VI, 565). 
Pursuant to clause 1(b) of rule XV the Speaker may entertain one motion 
to adjourn pending a motion to suspend the rules, but after that vote 
shall not entertain any other motion until the vote is taken on the 
motion to suspend the rules. Moreover, in the absence of a motion to 
suspend, the ordinary motions relating to business of the House may be 
made on suspension days as on other days (IV, 3080). The motion to 
suspend the rules may be made on days other than suspension days by 
unanimous consent (V, 6795) or by adoption of a resolution reported by 
the Rules Committee. On suspension days the motion to suspend the rules 
has been admitted at the discretion of the Speaker since 1881 (V, 6791-
6794, 6845; VIII, 3402-3404), and no appeal may be taken from the 
Speaker's denial of recognition (II, 1425), and no advance notice to 
Members of bills to be called up under suspension of the rules is 
required (Mar. 20, 1978, p. 7535), but the rules forbid the Speaker to 
entertain a motion to suspend the rules relating to the privilege of the 
floor (clause 2(b) of rule IV; V, 7283; VIII, 3634), the use of the Hall 
of the House (clause 1 of rule IV; V, 7270) or prohibiting the 
introduction of persons in the galleries (clause 7 of rule XVII; VI, 
197). Where a special rule requires that the object of a motion to 
suspend the rules be announced on the floor at least one hour prior to 
the Chair's entertaining the motion, unanimous consent is required to 
permit the Chair to entertain the motion prior to that time (Sept. 28, 
1996, p. 25765, 25774).


Sec. 887. Precedence of the motion to suspend the 
rules.

  In the  early practice, when the motion to suspend the rules was used 
to enable a matter to be taken up for consideration out of order, it was 
not admitted when a subject was already before the House (V, 5278, 6836, 
6837, 6852, 6853). A bill taken up under this early practice might be 
amended (V, 6842, 6856) by the House, or withdrawn by the mover, in 
which case another Member might not present it (V, 6854, 6855). In the 
later practice, where the motion includes both suspension of the rules 
and action on the subject it is admitted, although another matter be 
pending (V, 6834), although the yeas and nays may have been demanded on 
another highly privileged motion (V, 6835), or although the previous 
question may have been ordered or moved on another matter (V, 6827; see 
also Sept. 17, 1990, p. 24695; V, 6831-6833; VIII, 3418). Earlier 
rulings, however, did not, while a series of Senate amendments were 
pending, permit a motion to suspend the rules in order to permit a vote 
to be taken on the amendments in gross (V, 6828, 6830). But in the 
earlier practice, while a matter was pending, a motion to suspend the 
rules in order to dispense with the reading otherwise required was 
admitted (V, 5278). The motion to suspend the rules has been ruled out 
of order when the House is considering a bill under a special order (V, 
6838); and when a question of high privilege under rule IX is before the 
House a motion to suspend the rules and consider another matter is not 
in order (V, 6825, 6826; VI, 553, 565). But the motion to suspend the 
rules has been held of equal privilege with the motion to instruct 
conferees after 20 days of conference, which under former clause 1(c) of 
rule XXVIII (current clause 7(c) of rule XXII) is of the highest 
privilege (Mar. 1, 1988, pp. 2749, 2751, 2754). A motion to suspend the 
rules and approve the Journal was held in order, although the Journal 
had not been read and the then highly privileged motion to fix the day 
to which the House should adjourn was pending (IV, 2758). While the 
motion is of high privilege, it may be superseded




Sec. 888. Individual and committee motions to suspend 
the rules.

  Prior to  the 93d Congress, the rule gave to individuals preference 
on the first Monday of the month for making motions to suspend the 
rules, and preference on the third Mondays for committees to make the 
motion (V, 6790). In rare instances the Speaker has called the 
committees in regular order for motions to suspend the rules, but this 
method is not required (V, 6810, 6811). In the earlier practice the 
committee motion must have been formally and specifically authorized by 
the committee (V, 6805-6807); but after the motion was seconded and 
debate had begun it was too late to raise a question as to the 
authorization (V, 6808). Under the later practice authorization by a 
committee is not required (VIII, 3410). The committee may not present a 
bill which has not been referred to it (V, 6813) and is not within its 
jurisdiction (V, 6848). A bill offered on a committee suspension day, in 
the early practice, could carry with it only such amendments as were 
authorized by a committee (V, 6812), but in the modern practice the 
formality of committee approval is not required (June 22, 1992, p. 
15617). If on a committee day an individual motion was made and 
seconded, it was then too late to make a point of order (V, 6809).



[[Page 635]]

object of it was to prevent consumption of the time of the House by 
forcing consideration of undesirable propositions (V, 6797). The 
requirement (former clause 2 of rule XXVII) was amended in the 96th 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 1979, pp. 7-16) so that a second was not 
required where printed copies of the proposed measure were available. 
Copies of reports on bills considered under suspension are not required 
to be available in advance. The constitutional right of a Member to 
demand the yeas and nays, or the right of a Member under clause 1(b) of 
rule XX to demand a recorded vote, did not exist on the question of 
ordering a second under the former clause 2 of rule XXVII, which only 
permitted the ordering of a second by tellers if a quorum was present 
(V, 6032-6036; VIII, 3109; Dec. 16, 1981, p. 31851). The fact that a 
majority of the Members of the House did not pass between the tellers on 
the question of ordering a second did not conclusively show that a 
quorum was not present in the Chamber, and the Speaker could count the 
House to determine whether a quorum was actually present (Dec. 16, 1981, 
p. 31851). But where a quorum failed on the vote for a second, under 
clause 6 of rule XX the yeas and nays were ordered (IV, 3053-3055; Dec. 
21, 1973, pp. 43251-63). Where the Chair allocates the time in 
opposition to the motion to the ranking minority member of the reporting 
committee, a challenge that that member does not qualify by being 
opposed, in order to control such time, must be made when the time is 
allocated by the Chair (May 15, 1984, p. 12215; Speaker Wright, June 2, 
1987, p. 14223). The motion to suspend the rules may be withdrawn at any 
time before the Chair puts the question and a voice vote is taken 
thereon (July 27, 1981, p. 17563; July 16, 1996, p. 17228).



Sec. 889. The second of the motion to suspend the 
rules.

  Prior to  the 102d Congress, certain motions to suspend the rules were 
required to be seconded, if demanded, by a majority by tellers, but this 
requirement was eliminated from the rule in the 102d Congress (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 3, 1991, p. 39). This requirement for a second was adopted in 
1874, was rescinded two years later, but was again adopted in 1880. The





Sec. 890. Dilatory motions pending motions to suspend 
rules.

  (b)  Pending a motion that the House suspend the rules, the Speaker 
may entertain one motion that the House adjourn. After the result of 
such a motion is announced, the Speaker may not entertain any other 
motion until the vote is taken on the suspension.




[[Page 636]]


  This provision (former clause 8 of rule XVI) was adopted in 1868 (V, 
5743), and amended in 1911 (VIII, 2823). A motion for a recess (V, 5748-
5751) and for a call of the House when there was no doubt of the 
presence of a quorum (V, 5747) were held to be dilatory motions within 
the meaning of the rule. But where a motion to suspend the rules has 
been made and, after one motion to adjourn has been acted on, a quorum 
has failed, another motion to adjourn has been admitted (V, 5744-5746).




Sec. 891. The 40 minutes of debate on motion to suspend 
the rules.

  (c)  A motion that the House suspend the rules is debatable for 
40 minutes, one-half in favor of the motion and one-half in opposition 
thereto.


  This provision (former clause 2 of rule XXVII) was adopted in 1880 (V, 
6821). It was amended and redesignated from clause 3 to clause 2 of rule 
XXVII in the 102d Congress to conform to the repeal of the former clause 
2, relating to the requirement of a second (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1991, p. 
39). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 2 of rule XXVII. Former clause 2 
consisted of paragraph (b) and another provision currently found in 
clause 1(a) of rule XIX permitting 40 minutes debate on an otherwise 
debatable question on which the previous question has been ordered 
without debate (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Before the adoption 
of this provision in 1880 (V, 6821) the motion to suspend the rules was 
not debatable (V, 5405, 6820). The 40 minutes of debate is divided 
between the mover and a Member opposed to the bill, unless it develops 
that the mover is opposed to the bill, in which event some Member in 
favor is recognized for debate (VIII, 3416). Where recognition for the 
20 minutes in opposition is contested, the Speaker will accord priority 
first on the basis of true opposition, then on the basis of committee 
membership, and only then on the basis of party affiliation, the latter 
preference inuring to the minority party (VIII, 3415; Nov. 18, 1991, p. 
32510). The Chair will not examine the degree of opposition to the 
motion by a member of the committee who seeks the time in opposition 
(Aug. 3, 1999, p. ----). When the mover and the opponent divide their 
time with others, the practice as to alternation of recognitions is not 
insisted on so rigidly as in other debate (II, 1442). Debate should be 
confined to the object of the motion and may not range to the merits of 
a bill not scheduled for suspension on that day (Nov. 23, 1991, p. 
34189).



[[Page 637]]

Discharge motions, second and fourth Mondays
  This paragraph formerly included a provision dealing with the 
Speaker's authority to postpone further proceedings on motions to 
suspend the rules and pass bills or resolutions. It was added in the 93d 
Congress (H. Res. 998, Apr. 9, 1974, pp. 10195-99), amended in the 95th 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70), and amended further in 
the 96th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 1979, pp. 7-16). It was deleted 
entirely in the 97th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1981, pp. 98-113) when 
all of the Speaker's postponing authorities were consolidated into 
clause 5 of rule I (current clause 8 of rule XX).



Sec. 892. Motion to discharge a committee.

  2. (a)  Motions to 
discharge committees shall be in order on the second and fourth Mondays 
of a month.


  (b)(1) A Member may present to the Clerk a motion in writing to 
discharge--

      (A) a committee from consideration of a public bill or public 
resolution that has been referred to it for 30 legislative days; or

      (B) the Committee on Rules from consideration of a resolution that 
has been referred to it for seven legislative days and that proposes a 
special order of business for the consideration of a public bill or 
public resolution that has been reported by a standing committee or has 
been referred to a standing committee for 30 legislative days.

  (2) Only one motion may be presented for a bill or resolution. A 
Member may not file a motion to discharge the Committee on Rules from 
consideration of a resolution providing for the consideration of more 
than one public bill or public resolution or admitting or effecting a 
nongermane amendment to a public bill or public resolution.


[[Page 638]]

record, causing the names of the Members who have signed a discharge 
motion during a week to be published in a portion of the Congressional 
Record designated for that purpose on the last legislative day of the 
week and making cumulative lists of such names available each day for 
public inspection in an appropriate office of the House. The Clerk shall 
devise a means for making such lists available to offices of the House 
and to the public in electronic form. When a majority of the total 
membership of the House shall have signed the motion, it shall be 
entered on the Journal, published with the signatures thereto in the 
Record, and referred to the Calendar of Motions to Discharge Committees.
  (c) A motion presented under paragraph (b) shall be placed in the 
custody of the Clerk, who shall arrange a convenient place for the 
signatures of Members. A signature may be withdrawn by a Member in 
writing at any time before a motion is entered on the Journal. The Clerk 
shall make signatures a matter of public

  (d)(1) On the second and fourth Mondays of a month (except during the 
last six days of a session of Congress), immediately after the Pledge of 
Allegiance to the Flag, a motion to discharge that has been on the 
calendar for at least seven legislative days shall be privileged if 
called up by a Member whose signature appears thereon. When such a 
motion is called up, the House shall proceed to its consideration under 
this paragraph without intervening motion except one motion to adjourn. 
Privileged motions to discharge shall have precedence in the order of 
their entry on the Journal.


[[Page 639]]

  (2) When a motion to discharge is called up, the bill or resolution to 
which it relates shall be read by title only. The motion is debatable 
for 20 minutes, one-half in favor of the motion and one-half in 
opposition thereto.

  (e)(1) If a motion prevails to discharge the Committee on Rules from 
consideration of a resolution, the House shall immediately consider the 
resolution, pending which the Speaker may entertain one motion that the 
House adjourn. After the result of such a motion to adjourn is 
announced, the Speaker may not entertain any other dilatory motion until 
the resolution has been disposed of. If the resolution is adopted, the 
House shall immediately proceed to its execution.

  (2) If a motion prevails to discharge a standing committee from 
consideration of a public bill or public resolution, a motion that the 
House proceed to the immediate consideration of such bill or resolution 
shall be privileged if offered by a Member whose signature appeared on 
the motion to discharge. The motion to proceed is not debatable. If the 
motion to proceed is adopted, the bill or resolution shall be considered 
immediately under the general rules of the House. If unfinished before 
adjournment of the day on which it is called up, the bill or resolution 
shall remain the unfinished business until it is disposed of. If the 
motion to proceed is rejected, the bill or resolution shall be referred 
to the appropriate calendar, where it shall have the same status as if 
the committee from which it was discharged had duly reported it to the 
House.


[[Page 640]]

  (f)(1) When a motion to discharge originated under this clause has 
once been acted on by the House, it shall not be in order to entertain 
during the same session of Congress--

      (A) a motion to discharge a committee from consideration of that 
bill or resolution or of any other bill or resolution that, by relating 
in substance to or dealing with the same subject matter, is 
substantially the same; or

      (B) a motion to discharge the Committee on Rules from 
consideration of a resolution providing a special order of business for 
the consideration of that bill or resolution or of any other bill or 
resolution that, by relating in substance to or dealing with the same 
subject matter, is substantially the same.


  (2) A motion to discharge on the Calendar of Motions to Discharge 
Committees that is rendered out of order under subparagraph (1) shall be 
stricken from that calendar.

  This clause (former clause 3 of rule XXVII) was adopted December 8, 
1931 and amended January 3, 1935 (VII, 1007). It displaced a rule 
providing for a motion to instruct a committee to report a public bill 
or resolution. The first discharge rule was adopted in the 61st Congress 
(June 17, 1910, pp. 8439, 8445). It was amended during the 62d Congress 
(Apr. 4-5, 1911, pp. 18, 80). It was further amended in the 62d Congress 
(H. Res. 407, Feb. 3, 1912, p. 1685), the 68th Congress (H. Res. 146, 
Jan. 18, 1924, p. 1143), and the 69th Congress (H. Res. 6, Dec. 7, 1925, 
p. 383). This provision was redesignated from clause 4 to clause 3 in 
the 102d Congress to conform to the repeal of the former clause 2 of 
rule XXVII, relating to the requirement of a second; it was at the same 
time amended to enable debate on a resolution discharged from the 
Committee on Rules (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1991, p. 39). Under the previous 
form of the rule, where the Committee on Rules was discharged from 
further consideration of a resolution the House immediately voted on 
adoption of the resolution (Speaker Rayburn, Jan. 24, 1944, p. 631).


[[Page 641]]

a motion to discharge a committee were not made public until the 
requisite number had signed the motion (VII, 1008; Apr. 12, 1934, p. 
6489). In the 105th Congress the clause was amended to clarify that, to 
be a proper object of a discharge petition, a resolution providing a 
special rule must address the consideration of only one measure and must 
not propose to admit or effect a nongermane amendment (H. Res. 5, Jan. 
7, 1997, p. ----). A clerical correction was effected in the 107th 
Congress (sec. 2(x), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).
  In the 103d Congress, after a successful petition under this clause 
placed on the calendar a motion to discharge the Committee on Rules from 
further consideration of a resolution to require publication of the 
names of Members who had signed pending discharge petitions, the clause 
was so amended (H. Res. 134, Sept. 28, 1993, p. 22698). In the 104th 
Congress the clause was amended to ensure the periodic publication of 
such names (sec. 219, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 468). Before the 103d 
Congress signatures on

  The phrase ``a majority of the total membership of the House'' was 
construed to mean 218 Members (Speaker Byrns, Apr. 15, 1936, p. 5509), 
not including Delegates or the Resident Commissioner. The rule does not 
authorize signature of discharge motions by proxy (VII, 1014). When a 
Member withdraws his signature from a discharge petition at any time 
before it garners 218 signatures and is entered on the Journal, the 
withdrawal is printed in the Record (Apr. 23, 1998, p. ----).

  The rule does not apply to a bill that has been reported by a 
committee during the interval between the placing of a motion to 
discharge on the calendar and the day when such motion is called up for 
action in the House (Apr. 23, 1934, p. 7156). The Committee on Rules may 
not be discharged from further consideration of a resolution providing 
for an investigating committee (Apr. 23, 1934, p. 7161).

  The death or resignation of a Member who has signed a motion does not 
invalidate his signature (May 31, 1934, p. 10159). It may be withdrawn 
by his successor (Dec. 7, 1943, p. 10388; Jan. 17, 1946, p. 96; Mar. 5, 
1946, p. 1968; July 30, 1946, pp. 10464, 10491; Mar. 2, 1948, pp. 1993, 
2001; Jan. 16, 1950, p. 436). The seven days that the motion must be on 
the calendar before it may be called up begins to run as of the day the 
motion is placed on the calendar (Dec. 14, 1937, p. 1517). A discharge 
petition in the 102d Congress received the requisite number of 
signatures on the same day it was filed (May 20, 1992, p. 12222), and 
subsequently by unanimous consent the House dispensed with the motion to 
discharge and agreed to consider the object of the petition (a special 
order of business resolution) on a date certain under the same terms as 
if discharged by motion (June 4, 1992, p. 13618). In the 103d Congress a 
discharge petition also received the requisite number of signatures on 
the same day it was filed (Feb. 24, 1994, p. 2999).

  The right to close 20 minute debate on a motion to discharge a 
committee is reserved to the proponents of the motion (VII, 1010a); and 
the chairman of the committee being discharged, if opposed to the 
motion, has been recognized to control the 10 minutes in opposition 
(Aug. 10, 1970, p. 27999).


[[Page 642]]

  Where a measure not requiring consideration in the Committee of the 
Whole House on the state of the Union is brought before the House by a 
successful motion to discharge, the Member moving its consideration is 
recognized in the House under the hour rule (Aug. 10, 1970, p. 28004).

  The point of order provided in clause 4 of rule XXI (former clause 
5(a) of rule XXI) does not apply to an appropriation in a bill taken 
away from a committee by the motion to discharge (VII, 1019a).


Adverse report by the Committee on Rules, second and fourth Mondays
  Under Jefferson's Manual (Sec. 364, supra) a line of Members waiting 
to sign a discharge petition should proceed to the rostrum from the far 
right-hand aisle and should not stand between the Chair and Members 
engaging in debate (Oct. 24, 1997, p. ----).




Sec. 893. Adverse report by Rules Committee.

  3. An  adverse 
report by the Committee on Rules on a resolution proposing a special 
order of business for the consideration of a public bill or public joint 
resolution may be called up under clause 6(e) of rule XIII as a 
privileged question by a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner on a 
day when it is in order to consider a motion to discharge committees 
under clause 2.



District of Columbia business, second and fourth Mondays
  This provision was initially adopted January 18, 1924, amended 
December 8, 1931 (VIII, 2268), January 3, 1949 (p. 16), January 3, 1951 
(p. 18), January 4, 1965 (p. 24) (inserting the so-called ``21-day 
rule''), January 10, 1967 (H. Res. 7, p. 28) (deleting the ``21-day 
rule'' in effect in the 89th Congress), January 3, 1975 (H. Res. 988, 
93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470). Before the House recodified its 
rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found only in former 
clause 4(c) of rule XI. It is currently found in both this provision and 
clause 6(e) of rule XIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 643]]

disposal of such business on the Speaker's table as requires reference 
only.



Sec. 894. District of Columbia.

  4.  The second and fourth Mondays 
of a month shall be set apart for the consideration of such District of 
Columbia business as may be called up by the Committee on Government 
Reform after the disposition of motions to discharge committees and 
after the


  The first rule allocating a fixed day for District of Columbia 
business was adopted in 1870. In 1890 the rule (former clause 8 of rule 
XXIV) was amended (IV, 3304). It was again amended December 8, 1931 
(VII, 872). In the 104th Congress it was amended to reflect that the 
jurisdiction of the former Committee on the District of Columbia had 
been subsumed within the amalgamated jurisdiction of the newly 
designated Committee on Government Reform and Oversight (and in the 
106th Congress to reflect a change in the name of a committee) (sec. 
202, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 465; H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). 
Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 8 of rule XXIV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).

  The Committee on Government Reform and Oversight (now Government 
Reform) may not, on a District day, call up a bill reported from another 
committee (IV, 3311). If certain of the committee's bills are on one of 
the calendars of the Committees of the Whole, a motion to go into 
committee to consider them is in order (IV, 3310). Bills reported from 
the District Committee (now Government Reform) are not so privileged as 
to prevent their being taken up under call of committees on Wednesday 
(VII, 937). Business unfinished on one District day does not come up on 
the next unless called up (IV, 3307; VII, 879, 880). The question of 
consideration may not be demanded against District business generally, 
but may be demanded against any bill as it is presented (IV, 3308, 
3309).


Private Calendar, first and third Tuesdays
  On District days it is in order to go into the Committee of the Whole 
to consider revenue or general appropriation bills (VI, 716-718; VII, 
876, 1123). Consideration of conference reports is in order on District 
Monday (VIII, 3202). District of Columbia business is in order on the 
second and fourth Mondays of the month before or after other business 
(such as motions to suspend the rules), and the fact that the House has 
considered some District of Columbia business before motions to suspend 
the rules does not affect the eligibility of further such business after 
suspensions have been completed (Sept. 17, 1984, p. 25523).


[[Page 644]]

sioner object to the consideration of a bill or resolution so called, it 
shall be recommitted to the committee that reported it. No other 
business shall be in order before completion of the call of the Private 
Calendar on this day unless two-thirds of the Members voting, a quorum 
being present, agree to a motion that the House dispense with the call.


Sec. 895. Interruption of the regular order on Tuesdays for 
consideration of the Private Calendar.

  5. (a)  On the first Tuesday of a 
month, the Speaker shall direct the Clerk to call the bills and 
resolutions on the Private Calendar after disposal of such business on 
the Speaker's table as requires reference only. If two or more Members, 
Delegates, or the Resident Commis


  (b)(1) On the third Tuesday of a month, after the disposal of such 
business on the Speaker's table as requires reference only, the Speaker 
may direct the Clerk to call the bills and resolutions on the Private 
Calendar. Preference shall be given to omnibus bills containing the 
texts of bills or resolutions that have previously been objected to on a 
call of the Private Calendar. If two or more Members, Delegates, or the 
Resident Commissioner object to the consideration of a bill or 
resolution so called (other than an omnibus bill), it shall be 
recommitted to the committee that reported it. Two-thirds of the Members 
voting, a quorum being present, may adopt a motion that the House 
dispense with the call on this day.


[[Page 645]]

eral bills and resolutions, with any amendments adopted by the House, 
shall be engrossed, when necessary, and otherwise considered as passed 
severally by the House as distinct bills and resolutions.
  (2) Omnibus bills shall be read for amendment by paragraph. No 
amendment shall be in order except to strike or to reduce amounts of 
money or to provide limitations. An item or matter stricken from an 
omnibus bill may not thereafter during the same session of Congress be 
included in an omnibus bill. Upon passage such an omnibus bill shall be 
resolved into the several bills and resolutions of which it is composed. 
The sev


  (c) The Speaker may not entertain a reservation of the right to object 
to the consideration of a bill or resolution under this clause. A bill 
or resolution considered under this clause shall be considered in the 
House as in the Committee of the Whole. A motion to dispense with the 
call of the Private Calendar under this clause shall be privileged. 
Debate on such a motion shall be limited to five minutes in support and 
five minutes in opposition.



Sec. 896. Tuesday as a day for private 
business.

  This  provision (former clause 6 of rule XXIV) was adopted in the 
62d Congress in lieu of special orders under which pension and private 
business formerly had been considered. The rule was amended on April 23, 
1932 (VII, 846) and was adopted in its present form on March 27, 1935 
(pp. 4480-89, 4538). When the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, this provision was transferred from former clause 6 of rule 
XXIV and the archaic reference to the ``Calendar of the Committee of the 
Whole House'' was changed to the ``Private Calendar'' (H. Res. 5, Jan. 
6, 1999, p. ----). A Member serving as an ``official objector'' for the 
Private Calendar has periodically included in the Record an explanation 
of how bills on the Private Calendar are considered (see, e.g., Dec. 5, 
1995, p. 35354; June 17, 1997, p. ----). Clause 4 of rule XII prohibits 
consideration of certain private bills. Under former clause 6(e)(2) of 
rule XV (current clause 7(b) of rule XX), the Speaker may in his 
discretion recognize a Member to move a call of the House prior to the 
call of the Private Calendar (July 8, 1987, p. 18972).




Sec. 897. Methods of considering omnibus 
bills.

  During the  consideration of omnibus bills the Chair declines to recognize 
Members for unanimous-consent requests to address the House (May 7, 
1935, p. 7100); motions to strike out the last word are not in order, 
and requests for extension of time under the five-minute rule are not 
entertained (Speaker Byrns, Mar. 17, 1936, pp. 3890, 3894).



[[Page 646]]

may prescribe, by special order, that such omnibus bills shall be passed 
over (June 27, 1968, p. 19106). During the consideration of the First 
Omnibus Bill of 1968, seven roll calls occurred and seven of the 15 
bills carried therein were stricken by motion (Sept. 17, 1968, pp. 
27165-84). Amendments to the bill were strictly limited by the rule to 
those striking out or reducing amounts of money carried in the bill or 
to provide limitations, and debate on those permissible motions was 
under the five-minute rule. After the passage of an omnibus bill, it is 
resolved into the various private bills of which it is composed and each 
is engrossed and messaged to the Senate as if individually passed; thus 
it is possible, after passage of the omnibus bill, to lay on the table a 
private House or Senate bill which was included therein (by unanimous 
consent) (Sept. 17, 1968, p. 27184).
  An omnibus private bill is normally passed over by the Clerk when the 
Private Calendar is called on the first Tuesday of the month, but the 
House


Corrections Calendar, second and fourth Tuesdays
  On the third Tuesday of the month, the calendar is not called unless 
the Speaker so directs (Oct. 16, 1990, p. 29646); and when he does 
direct the Clerk to call the Private Calendar, omnibus bills on the 
Calendar are called before individual bills thereon (Feb. 17, 1970, pp. 
3605-13). A motion to dispense with the call of the Private Calendar on 
the third Tuesday of each month, when the call of the Calendar is within 
the discretion of the Chair, is likewise in order in the Chair's 
discretion (although this clause only specifically provides for a motion 
to dispense with the call on the first Tuesday of each month), since no 
rule or precedent prohibits the motion and it is consistent with the 
discretionary authority of the Chair to dispense with the call of the 
entire Calendar (appeal from the Chair's ruling laid on the table) (Nov. 
17, 1981, p. 27770).



Sec. 898. Corrections Calendar.

  6. (a)  After a bill has been 
favorably reported and placed on either the Union or House Calendar, the 
Speaker, after consultation with the Minority Leader, may direct the 
Clerk also to place the bill on the ``Corrections Calendar.'' At any 
time on the second and fourth Tuesdays of a month, the Speaker may 
direct the Clerk to call a bill that is printed on the Corrections 
Calendar.



[[Page 647]]

the primary committee of jurisdiction, and shall not be subject to 
amendment except those recommended by the primary committee of 
jurisdiction or offered by the chairman of the primary committee or a 
designee. The previous question shall be considered as ordered on the 
bill and any amendments thereto to final passage without intervening 
motion except one motion to recommit with or without instructions.
  (b) A bill called from the Corrections Calendar shall be considered in 
the House, is debatable for one hour equally divided and controlled by 
the chairman and ranking minority member of


  (c) The approval of three-fifths of the Members voting, a quorum being 
present, shall be required to pass a bill called from the Corrections 
Calendar. The rejection of a bill so called, or the sustaining of a 
point of order against it or against its consideration, does not cause 
its removal from the Calendar to which it was originally referred.


  This clause (former clause 4 of rule XIII) was amended in the 104th 
Congress to abolish the Consent Calendar and establish in its place a 
Corrections Calendar (H. Res. 168, June 20, 1995, p. 16574). Later in 
the 104th Congress several technical changes were effected, and 
paragraph (b) was amended to admit amendments by a designee of the 
chairman of the primary committee (H. Res. 254, Nov. 30, 1995, p. 
14974). In the 105th Congress paragraph (a) was amended to permit bills 
to be called from the Calendar at any time on a ``corrections day'' and 
in any order (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). In the 107th Congress 
paragraph (a) was amended to delete the requirement that a bill be on 
the Corrections Calendar for three days before being called therefrom 
(sec. 2(n), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former clause 4 of rule XIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). The 
Speaker may discharge a bill from the Corrections Calendar at any time 
(June 24, 1996, p. 14974). In the 105th Congress the House established a 
Corrections Calendar Office to assist the Speaker in management of the 
Calendar (H. Res. 7, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----).


[[Page 648]]

to be eligible for consideration (VII, 992, 994). When a House bill was 
on the Consent Calendar, by unanimous consent the House committee could 
have been discharged from the consideration of a Senate bill on the same 
subject, and the Senate bill considered in lieu of the House bill (VII, 
1004). The status of bills on the Consent Calendar was not affected by 
their consideration from another calendar and such bills could have been 
called up for consideration from the Consent Calendar while pending as 
unfinished business in the House or Committee of the Whole (VII, 1006).


Sec. 899. Former Consent Calendar.

  The  original form of 
former clause 4 of rule XIII, providing for the former Consent Calendar, 
was adopted March 15, 1909, amended January 18, 1924; December 7, 1925; 
December 8, 1931; and April 23, 1932 (VII, 972). Bills must have been on 
the printed calendar three legislative working days in order



Calendar Call of Committees, Wednesdays
  The former rule did not preclude the Speaker from recognizing Members 
to suspend the rules before completion of the Consent Calendar (decided 
by the House, VIII, 3405; also held by Speaker Clark, Oct. 5, 1914, p. 
16182, and by Speaker Gillett, Sept. 4, 1919, p. 5128). Recognition to 
suspend the rules did not preclude the continuation of the call of the 
calendar later in the day (VII, 991). The call of the Consent Calendar 
on days devoted to its consideration took precedence of the motion to go 
into the Committee of the Whole to consider revenue or appropriation 
bills (VII, 986), and a contested-election case could not supplant the 
call of the Calendar (VII, 988), but the Speaker could recognize a 
Member to call up a conference report before directing the call of the 
Consent Calendar (May 4, 1970, pp. 13991-95).



Sec. 900. Calendar Wednesday business.

  7. (a)  On Wednesday of 
each week, business shall not be in order before completion of the call 
of the committees (except as provided by clause 4 of rule XIV) unless 
two-thirds of the Members voting, a quorum being present, agree to a 
motion that the House dispense with the call. Such a motion shall be 
privileged. Debate on such a motion shall be limited to five minutes in 
support and five minutes in opposition.



[[Page 649]]

motion, subject to clause 3 of rule XVI. General debate on a measure 
considered under this clause shall be confined to the measure and may 
not exceed two hours equally divided between a proponent and an 
opponent.
  (b) A bill or resolution on either the House or the Union Calendar, 
except bills or resolutions that are privileged under the Rules of the 
House, may be called under this clause. A bill or resolution called up 
from the Union Calendar shall be considered in the Committee of the 
Whole House on the state of the Union without

  (c) When a committee has occupied the call under this clause on one 
Wednesday, it shall not be in order on a succeeding Wednesday to 
consider unfinished business previously called up by that committee 
until the other committees have been called in their turn unless--

      (1) the previous question has been ordered on such unfinished 
business; or

      (2) the House adopts a motion to dispense with the call under 
paragraph (a).

  (d) If any committee has not been called under this clause during a 
session of a Congress, then at the next session of that Congress the 
call shall resume where it left off at the end of the preceding session.

  (e) This rule does not apply during the last two weeks of a session of 
Congress.


  (f) The Speaker may not entertain a motion for a recess on a Wednesday 
except during the last two weeks of a session of Congress.


[[Page 650]]

sent or by rule it is automatically rendered ineligible for 
consideration on Calendar Wednesday (VII, 932-935). House Calendar bills 
have no preference over Union Calendar bills (VII, 938). The motion to 
dispense with a call of committees under this rule is privileged and may 
be made prior to the consideration of District of Columbia business 
under clause 4 of this rule (June 11, 1973, pp. 19028-30).


Sec. 901. Decisions on Calendar Wednesday.

  The first  portion 
of this rule (former clause 7 of rule XXIV) was adopted March 1, 1909, 
and amended March 15, 1909. The last sentence of paragraph (b) (first 
proviso of former clause 7 of rule XXIV) and paragraph (c) (second 
proviso of former clause 7 of rule XXIV) were adopted January 18, 1916. 
Paragraph (d) (the last proviso of former clause 7 of rule XXIV) was 
adopted December 8, 1931 (VII, 881), and was amended in the 102d 
Congress to specify that the alphabetical call of the committees under 
Calendar Wednesday resumes where left off between sessions within a 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1991, p. 39). The rule applies to 
unprivileged bills only, and when a bill otherwise unprivileged is given 
a privileged status by unanimous con


  When a bill on the Union Calendar is called up on Calendar Wednesday 
the House automatically resolves itself into the Committee of the Whole 
House on the state of the Union (VII, 939; Jan. 25, 1984, p. 358), and 
when a Union Calendar bill is the unfinished business the Speaker 
declares the House in Committee of the Whole without motion (VII, 940, 
942).

  The question of consideration may be raised on a bill on the House 
Calendar on Calendar Wednesday, even after one Wednesday has been 
devoted to its consideration (VIII, 2447), and the question of 
consideration is properly raised on Union Calendar bills in the House 
before automatically going into Committee of the Whole House on the 
state of the Union (VII, 952).

  During the 61st and 62d Congresses it was held that the call of 
committees rested where the call left off on the preceding day, whether 
the last call was on a Wednesday or during the morning hour on another 
day, thus making but one committee call under the two rules. But under 
the later practice there have been two distinct calls of committees, one 
under clause 4 of rule XIV (former clause 4 of rule XXIV), the morning 
hour, and another under Calendar Wednesday (VII, 944). Prior to the 
adoption of paragraph (c) (the second proviso of former clause 7 of rule 
XXIV), it was held that one committee could not occupy more than two 
Calendar Wednesdays (except for unfinished business) until other 
committees were called, notwithstanding the fact that the call rested on 
said committee (VII, 944), but the adoption of the second proviso of the 
rule has defined the status of debate and unfinished business more 
explicitly. It was formerly held that a bill undisposed of on Calendar 
Wednesday became the unfinished business on the following Calendar 
Wednesday (VII, 965), but since the adoption of paragraph (c) (the 
second proviso of former clause 7 of rule XXIV), one committee can 
occupy but one Calendar Wednesday for the consideration of its business 
(unless the House by two-thirds vote shall otherwise determine).

  The same rule of debate applies to House Calendar bills called up on 
Calendar Wednesday as on other days, and the Member in charge of the 
bill may move the previous question at any time (VII, 955).

  The previous question having been ordered on a bill undisposed of when 
the House adjourns Tuesday, the bill goes over as unfinished business 
until Thursday, and is not in order for consideration on Calendar 
Wednesday (VII, 890-894). The previous question having been ordered on a 
bill on Calendar Wednesday, the bill becomes the unfinished business on 
Thursday (VII, 895, 967).


[[Page 651]]

(VII, 912), but a bill privileged by reason of the Rules of the House 
cannot be called up on Calendar Wednesday (VII, 932); for example, a 
general appropriation bill (VII, 904), or a bill under consideration by 
reason of a special order, unless the special order expressly sets aside 
Calendar Wednesday (VII, 773), or a conference report (VII, 899). A 
motion to reconsider an action taken on a bill on Tuesday may be 
entered, but may not be considered on Calendar Wednesday (VII, 905). 
Privileged bills may be reported but not considered on Calendar 
Wednesday (VII, 907), except by unanimous consent (Jan. 25, 1984, p. 
357). The Speaker has entertained a unanimous-consent request for 
business (to send a bill to conference) before the call of committees on 
Calendar Wednesday (Mar. 28, 1984, p. 6869). District of Columbia 
business is eligible for consideration on Calendar Wednesday (VII, 937). 
Once the call of committees on Calendar Wednesday is completed, other 
business may be conducted (VII, 921).
  It is in order to consider a vetoed bill on Calendar Wednesday, since 
such a question is privileged under the Constitution of the United 
States

  The Committee on Rules cannot report a rule which is aimed strictly or 
directly toward setting aside Calendar Wednesday, but the committee is 
not thereby prevented from reporting a resolution couched in general 
terms which may indirectly accomplish that ultimate result, such as a 
resolution providing for six days' suspension of the rules (VIII, 2267).

  The motion to grant a committee an additional Wednesday under 
paragraph (c) (the second proviso of former clause 7 of rule XXIV) is in 
order prior to the Wednesday on which the committee is called (VII, 
946).

  It has been held that if no Member opposed to the bill desires to 
claim the hour specified in the rule for general debate against the 
bill, the time may be claimed by some Member who is in favor of the bill 
(VII, 962), but this principle has been questioned (VII, 961).




[[Page 652]]
 
  Clause 2(b) of rule XIII (former clause 2(l)(1) of rule XI), requiring 
the chairman of each committee to report or cause to be reported 
promptly measures approved by his committee and to take such necessary 
steps to bring the matter to a vote, is sufficient authority for the 
chairman to call up a bill on Calendar Wednesday, but any other 
committee member must obtain specific authority of his committee to call 
up a reported bill on Calendar Wednesday (VII, 928, 929; Feb. 22, 1950, 
p. 2162; Feb. 1, 1984, p. 1193; Sept. 12, 1984, p. 25100). Prior to the 
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 and the subsequent adoption of 
former clause 2(l)(1)(A) of rule XI, authority to call up a bill on 
Calendar Wednesday must have been given to a chairman by his committee 
(IV, 3127). A Member not authorized to do so may not call up such bill 
under the Calendar Wednesday rule (VII, 928, 929).

                                Rule XVI


Motions
                         motions and amendments




Sec. 902. Motions reduced to writing and entered on the 
Journal.

  1.  Every motion entertained by the Speaker shall be reduced to 
writing on the demand of a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner 
and, unless it is withdrawn the same day, shall be entered on the 
Journal with the name of the Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner 
offering it. A dilatory motion may not be entertained by the Speaker.


  The first sentence of this clause was made up in 1880 of old rules 
adopted in 1789 and 1806 (V, 5300). The last sentence of this clause 
(former clause 10 of rule XVI) was adopted in 1890 (V, 5706) to make 
permanent a principle already enunciated in a ruling of the Speaker, who 
had declared that the ``object of a parliamentary body is action, and 
not stoppage of action'' (V, 5713). When the House recodified its rules, 
it consolidated clause 1 and former clause 10 of rule XVI under this 
clause (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  Because of this provision it has been held not in order to amend or 
strike out a Journal entry setting forth a motion exactly as made (IV, 
2783, 2789). A motion not entertained is not entered on the Journal (IV, 
2813, 2844-2846). See Sec. 71, supra, for discussion of Journal entries. 
Any Member may demand that a motion be reduced to writing and in the 
proper form, including the motion to adjourn (Sept. 27, 1993, p. 22608; 
Jan. 4, 1995, p. 509), and the demand may be initiated by the Chair 
(July 24, 1986, p. 17641). Consistent with this clause, the Chairman of 
the Committee of the Whole requires that each amendment be reduced to 
writing (July 22, 1994, p. 17617). Although a motion to recommit is 
properly presented in writing, no rule requires that the proponent 
distribute copies on the floor (June 28, 2000. p.----).


[[Page 653]]

thereof, was not dilatory under this provision (or former clause 4(b) of 
rule XI (current clause 6(b) of rule XIII)) (July 31, 1996, p. 20700). 
Usually, but not always, the Speaker awaits a point of order from the 
floor before acting (V, 5715-5722). The rule has been applied to the 
motions to adjourn (V, 5721, 5731-5733; VIII, 2796, 2813), to reconsider 
(V, 5735; VIII, 2797, 2815, 2822), to fix the time of five-minute debate 
in Committee of the Whole (V, 5734; VIII, 2817), and to lay on the table 
(VIII, 2816); and to the question of consideration (V, 5731-5733). The 
point of ``no quorum'' has also been ruled out (V, 5724-5730; VIII, 
2801, 2808), and former clause 6 of rule XV (current clause 7 of rule 
XX), as adopted in the 93d Congress and as amended in the 95th Congress 
prevents the making of a point of no quorum under certain circumstances. 
A demand for tellers has been held dilatory (V, 5735, 5736; VIII, 2436, 
2818-2821); but the constitutional right of the Member to demand the 
yeas and nays may not be overruled (V, 5737; VIII, 3107). (For ruling by 
Speaker Gillett construing dilatory motions, see VIII, 2804.) See also 
Sec. 857, supra, for discussion of dilatory motions pending 
consideration of Rules Committee report, and Sec. Sec. 857-858, supra, 
for rule prohibiting offering of dilatory amendments printed in the 
Record.

Withdrawal


Sec. 903. Dilatory motions.

  The  Speaker has declined to 
entertain debate or appeal on a question as to the dilatoriness of a 
motion, as to do so would be to nullify the rule (V, 5731); but has 
recognized that the authority conferred by the rule should not be 
exercised until the object of the dilatory motion ``becomes apparent to 
the House'' (V, 5713-5714). For example, the Chair has held that a 
virtually consecutive invocation of former rule XXX (current clause 6 of 
rule XVII), resulting in a second pair of votes on use of a chart and on 
reconsideration





Sec. 904. Stating and withdrawing of motions.

  2.  When a motion 
is entertained, the Speaker shall state it or cause it to be read aloud 
by the Clerk before it is debated. The motion then shall be in the 
possession of the House but may be withdrawn at any time before a 
decision or amendment thereon.


  The provisions of this clause were adopted first in 1789. At that time 
a second was required for every motion, but in practice this requirement 
became obsolete very early, and it was dropped from the rule in 1880 (V, 
5304). Clerical and stylistic changes were effected when the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 
----).

  The House always insists that the motion shall be stated or read 
before debate shall begin (V, 4983) and the Clerk's reading may be 
dispensed with only by unanimous consent (Dec. 15, 1975, p. 40671; see 
also Sec. 432, supra). It is the duty of the Speaker to put a motion in 
order under the rules and practice without passing on its constitutional 
effect (IV, 3550; VIII, 2225, 3031, 3071, 3427). In a case wherein a 
clerk presiding during organization of the House declined to put a 
question, a Member-elect put the question from the floor (I, 67).


[[Page 654]]

  Under certain circumstances, a Member may make a double motion (V, 
5637).



Sec. 905. Conditions of withdrawal of motions.

  Even  after 
the affirmative side has been taken on a division the withdrawal of a 
motion has been permitted (V, 5348), also after a viva voce vote and the 
ordering and appointment of tellers (V, 5349). While the House was 
dividing on a second of the previous question (this second is no longer 
required) on a motion to refer a resolution, the Member was permitted to 
withdraw the resolution (V, 5350); also a motion was once withdrawn 
after the previous question had been ordered on an appeal from a 
decision on a point of order as to the motion (V, 5356). A motion to 
suspend the rules could be withdrawn at any time before a second was 
ordered (V, 6844; VIII, 3405, 3419), even on another suspension day (V, 
6844) but not after a second was ordered, except by unanimous consent 
(VIII, 3420); but where a second is not required on a motion to suspend 
the rules under former clause 2 of rule XXVII (current clause 1 of rule 
XV), the motion may be withdrawn at any time before action is taken 
thereon (July 27, 1981, p. 17563). A motion may be withdrawn although an 
amendment may have been offered and be pending (V, 5347; VI, 373; VIII, 
2639), and in the House an amendment, whether simple or in the nature of 
a substitute, may be withdrawn at any time before an amendment is 
adopted thereto or decision is had thereon (VI, 587; VIII, 2332, 2764); 
and the same right to withdraw an amendment exists in the House as in 
Committee of the Whole (IV, 4935; June 26, 1973, p. 21315) and in 
standing committees where general procedures in the House as in the 
Committee of the Whole apply (Sec. 427, supra); but unanimous consent to 
withdraw an amendment is required in Committee of the Whole (V, 5221, 
5753; VI, 570; VIII, 2465, 2859, 3405), unless withdrawal authority was 
conferred by the House (July 22, 1999, p. ----). Withdrawal of a pending 
resolution is not in order when the absence of a quorum has been 
announced by the Chair (Oct. 14, 1970, pp. 36665-69). A motion that the 
House resolve into the Committee of the Whole for the consideration of a 
bill may be withdrawn pending a point of order against consideration of 
the bill, and if the motion is withdrawn the Chair is not obligated to 
rule on the point of order (VIII, 3405; Dec. 3, 1979, p. 34385). A 
motion to instruct conferees may be withdrawn at any time before a 
decision thereon (Oct. 31, 2000, p. ----), as may a contempt resolution 
(Oct. 27, 2000, p. ----). Unanimous consent is not required to withdraw 
a pending unanimous-consent request (Speaker O'Neill, Dec. 16, 1985, p. 
36575).



[[Page 655]]

the hour rule; and the Member calling up such a resolution is recognized 
for an hour notwithstanding the fact that the resolution has been 
previously considered, debated, and then withdrawn before action thereon 
(Apr. 8, 1964, pp. 7303-08).
  A decision which prevents withdrawal may consist of the ordering of 
the yeas and nays (V, 5353), either directly on the motion or on a 
motion to lay it on the table (V, 5354), the ordering of the previous 
question (V, 5355; June 29, 1995, p. 17967), or the demand therefor (V, 
5489), or the refusal to lay on the table (V, 5351, 5352; VIII, 2640). 
Where the Speaker has put the question on adoption of a resolution to a 
voice vote without the ordering of the previous question, and the yeas 
and nays have not been ordered, the resolution may be withdrawn (V, 
5349; Feb. 26, 1985, p. 3501). A privileged resolution called up in the 
House is debated under

  Where proceedings are postponed on a motion for the previous question 
pending a point of no quorum on a voice vote thereon (pursuant to former 
clause 5 of rule I (current clause 8 of rule XX)), the manager may 
withdraw the motion when it is again before the House as unfinished 
business. See proceedings of July 24, 1989, where the motion for the 
previous question was withdrawn and an amendment was offered to a 
special order (p. 15818).


Question of consideration
  A Member having the right to withdraw a motion before a decision 
thereon has the resulting power to modify the motion (V, 5358; Oct. 23, 
1990, p. 32667), and a Member having the right to withdraw a motion to 
instruct conferees before a decision thereon has the resulting power to 
modify the motion by offering a different motion at the same stage of 
proceedings (July 14, 1993, p. 15661). A motion being withdrawn, all 
proceedings on an appeal arising from a point of order related to it 
fell thereby (V, 5356).




Sec. 906. The question of consideration.

  3.  When a motion or 
proposition is entertained, the question, ``Will the House now consider 
it?'' may not be put unless demanded by a Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner.



[[Page 656]]

  The question of consideration is an outgrowth of the practice of the 
House, and was in use as early as 1808. The rule was adopted in 1817 in 
order to limit its use. Clerical and stylistic changes were effected 
when the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). It is the means by which the House protects 
itself from business that it does not wish to consider (V, 4936; VIII, 
2436). The refusal to consider does not amount to the rejection of a 
bill or prevent its being brought before the House again (V, 4940), and 
an affirmative vote does not prevent the question of consideration from 
being raised on a subsequent day when the bill is again called up as 
unfinished business (VIII, 2438). It has once been held that a question 
of privilege which the House has refused to consider may be brought up 
again on the same day (V, 4942). The question of consideration is not 
debatable (VIII, 2447), and thus not subject to the motion to lay on the 
table (Oct. 4, 1994, p. 27643). See also clause 6 of rule XIV (Sec. 884, 
supra), which provides that questions relating to the priority of 
business are not debatable.



Sec. 907. Raising the question of consideration.

  A  Member 
may demand the question of consideration, although the Member in charge 
of the bill may claim the floor for debate (V, 4944, 4945; VI, 404); but 
after debate has begun the demand may not be made (V, 4937-4939). It has 
been admitted, however, after the making of a motion to lay on the table 
(V, 4943). The demand for the question of consideration may not be 
prevented by a motion for the previous question (V, 5478), but after the 
previous question is ordered it may not be demanded (V, 4965, 4966), 
even on another day, unless other business has intervened (V, 4967, 
4968). The question of consideration being pending, a motion to refer is 
not in order (V, 5554).


  The intervention of an adjournment does not destroy the right to raise 
the question of consideration (V, 4946), but this right did not hold 
good in a case where the yeas and nays had been ordered and the House 
had adjourned pending the failure of a quorum on the roll call (V, 
4949). A question of consideration undisposed of at an adjournment does 
not recur as unfinished business on a succeeding day (V, 4947, 4948). It 
is not in order to reconsider the vote whereby the House refuses to 
consider a bill (V, 5626, 5627), although it is in order to reconsider 
an affirmative vote on the question of consideration (Oct. 4, 1994, p. 
27644).



Sec. 908. Questions subject to the question of 
consideration.

  The  question of consideration may be demanded against a 
matter of the highest privilege, such as the right of a Member to his 
seat (V, 4941), a question involving the privilege of the House (VI, 
560), against the motion to reconsider (VIII, 2437), but not against a 
bill returned with the President's objection (V, 4960, 4970). It may not 
be raised against a proposition before the House for reference merely, 
as a petition (V, 4964). It may not be demanded against a class of 
business in order under a special order or rule, but may be demanded 
against each bill individually (IV, 3308, 3309; V, 4958, 4959). It may 
be raised against a bill that has been made a special order (IV, 3175; 
V, 4953-4957), unless the order provides for immediate consideration (V, 
4960) or provides for the Speaker's declaration that the House resolve 
into the Committee of the Whole under clause 2 of rule XVIII. The 
question may be raised against a bill on the Union Calendar on Calendar 
Wednesday before resolving into the Committee of the Whole even after 
one Wednesday has been devoted to it (VIII, 2447); but it may not be 
raised against a report from the Committee on Rules relating to the 
order of considering individual bills (V, 4961-4963; VIII, 2440, 2441, 
see Sec. 858, supra).



[[Page 657]]

expresses its wish as to consideration by its vote on this motion (V, 
4973-4976; VI, 51; VIII, 2442; May 21, 1958, p. 9216).
  The question of consideration may not be raised on a motion relating 
to the order of business (V, 4971-4976; VIII, 2442; May 21, 1958, p. 
9216); to a motion to discharge a committee (V, 4977); or against a 
motion to take from the Speaker's table Senate bills substantially the 
same as House bills already favorably reported and on the House Calendar 
(VIII, 2443). On a motion to go into Committee of the Whole to consider 
a bill the House



Sec. 909. Relation of question of consideration to points of 
order.

  A  point of order against the eligibility for consideration of a 
bill which if sustained might prevent consideration should be made and 
decided before the question of consideration is put (V, 4950, 4951; VII, 
2439), but if the point relates merely to the manner of considering, it 
should be passed on afterwards (V, 4950). In general, after the House 
has decided to consider, a point of order raised with the object of 
preventing consideration, in whole or part, comes too late (IV, 4598; V, 
4952, 6912-6914), but on a conference report the question of 
consideration may be demanded before points of order are raised against 
the substance of the report (VIII, 2439; Speaker Albert, Sept. 28, 1976, 
p. 33019).



Precedence of motions


Sec. 910. Unfunded mandates.

  The  Unfunded Mandates Reform 
Act of 1995 (P.L. 104-4; 109 Stat. 48) added a new part B to title IV of 
the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 658-658g) that imposes 
several requirements on committees with respect to ``Federal mandates'' 
(secs. 423-424; 2 U.S.C. 658b-c), establishes points of order to to 
permit separate votes on whether to enforce those requirements (sec. 
425; 2 U.S.C. 658d), and permits a vote on the question of consideration 
of a rule or order waiving such points of order in the House (sec. 
426(a); 2 U.S.C. 658e(a)). The latter provision also prescribes that 
such points of order be disposed of by the question of consideration 
with respect to the proposition against which they are lodged (after 20 
minutes of debate) (sec. 426(b); 2 U.S.C. 658e(b)). See Sec. 1127, 
infra.




Sec. 911. Precedence of privileged motions.

  4.  (a) When a 
question is under debate, only the following motions may be entertained 
(which shall have precedence in the following order):


      (1) To adjourn.

      (2) To lay on the table.

      (3) For the previous question.

      (4) To postpone to a day certain.

      (5) To refer.

      (6) To amend.

      (7) To postpone indefinitely.


[[Page 658]]

out debate. A motion to postpone to a day certain, to refer, or to 
postpone indefinitely, being decided, may not be allowed again on the 
same day at the same stage of the question.
  (b) A motion to adjourn, to lay on the table, or for the previous 
question shall be decided with

  (c)(1) It shall be in order at any time for the Speaker, in his 
discretion, to entertain a motion--

      (A) that the Speaker be authorized to declare a recess; or

      (B) that when the House adjourns it stand adjourned to a day and 
time certain.


  (2) Either motion shall be of equal privilege with the motion to 
adjourn and shall be decided without debate.

  The first form of this clause appears in 1789, but amendments have 
been made at various times (V, 5301; VIII, 2757). Paragraph (c) (former 
final two sentences of the clause) were added in the 93d Congress to 
enable a privileged, nondebatable motion to fix the adjournment (H. Res. 
6, Jan. 3, 1973, pp. 26-27), and amended in the 102d Congress to enable 
a privileged, nondebatable motion for recess authority (H. Res. 5, Jan. 
3, 1991, p. 39). When the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, the provision of this clause addressing the motion for the 
previous question was transferred to clause 2 of rule XIX (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  The application of the first sentence of the clause is confined to 
cases wherein a question is ``under debate'' (V, 5379). It has been held 
that a question ceases to be ``under debate'' after the previous 
question has been ordered (V, 5415).


[[Page 659]]

yeas and nays are ordered and before the roll call has begun (V, 5366); 
(2) before the reading of the Journal (IV, 2757) or the Speaker's 
approval thereof (Speaker Wright, Nov. 2, 1987, p. 30386); (3) pending a 
motion to reconsider (Sept. 20, 1979, p. 25512); (4) after the House 
rejects a motion to table a motion to instruct conferees and before the 
vote occurs on the motion to instruct (May 29, 1980, pp. 12717-19); or 
(5) when the Speaker is absent and the Clerk is presiding (I, 228). The 
motion takes precedence over: (1) in the absence of a quorum, the motion 
for a call of the House (VIII, 2642); (2) a motion to dispense with 
further proceedings under the call (VIII, 2643); and (3) a motion 
directing the Sergeant-at-Arms to arrest absentees during a call of the 
House (June 6, 1973, p. 18403). The motion to adjourn may not interrupt 
a Member who has the floor (V, 5369, 5370; VIII, 2646; Mar. 25, 1993, p. 
6373; Oct. 1, 1997, p. ----) as, for example, by virtue of unanimous-
consent permission to announce to the House the legislative program 
(Dec. 14, 1982, p. 30549), or a call of the yeas and nays (V, 6053), or 
the actual act of voting by other means (V, 5360), or be made after the 
House has voted to go into Committee of the Whole (IV, 4728; V, 5367, 
5368), or defer the right of a Member to take the oath (I, 622) and may 
not be repeated in the absence of intervening business (Speaker Albert, 
July 31, 1975, p. 26243); and when no question is under debate it may 
not displace a motion to fix the day to which the House shall adjourn 
(V, 5381). The Speaker has refused to recognize for a motion to adjourn 
pending a vote on a proposition, where a special order provided that the 
House vote thereon without intervening motion (IV, 3211-3213).


Sec. 912. The motion to adjourn.

  The  motion to adjourn not 
only has the highest precedence when a question is under debate, but, 
with certain restrictions, it has the highest privilege under all other 
conditions. Even questions of privilege (III, 2521), such as a motion 
privileged under the Constitution (VIII, 2641), the filing of a 
privileged report pursuant to former clause 4(a) of rule XI (current 
clause 5 of rule XIII) (Apr. 29, 1985, p. 9699), a motion to suspend the 
rules (Aug. 11, 1992, p. 23086), and the motion to reconsider yield to 
it (V, 5605), and a conference report may defer it only until the report 
is before the House (V, 6451-6453). Pursuant to clause 6(b) of rule XIII 
or clause 1(b) of rule XV, only one motion to adjourn is in order, 
pending consideration of a privileged report from the Committee on Rules 
or a motion that the House suspend the rules, respectively. The motion 
may be made: (1) after the



[[Page 660]]

  When the House has fixed the hour of daily meeting, the simple motion 
to adjourn may neither be amended (V, 5754) by specifying a particular 
day (V, 5360) or hour (V, 5364) (but see Sec. 913, infra, for a 
discussion of the equally privileged motion to fix the day and time to 
which the House shall adjourn); nor by stating the purposes of 
adjournment (V, 5371, 5372; VIII, 2647). However, when the hour of daily 
meeting is not fixed, the motion to adjourn may fix it (V, 5362, 5363). 
A motion to adjourn is in order in simple form only (VIII, 2647), is not 
debatable (V, 5359), may not be laid on the table (Aug. 3, 1990, p. 
22195), is not in order in Committee of the Whole (IV, 4716), and is not 
entertained when the Committee of the Whole rises to report proceedings 
incident to securing a quorum (VI, 673; VIII, 2436). After the motion is 
made neither another motion nor an appeal may intervene before the 
taking of the vote (V, 5361). When the House adopts the motion to 
adjourn, it must adjourn immediately; and a unanimous-consent request 
that the House proceed to the calling of special-order speeches is not 
in order (Sept. 27, 1993, p. 22608).



Sec. 913. Motion to fix the day to which the House shall 
adjourn and motion to authorize the Speaker to declare a 
recess.

  The  motion to fix the day and time to which the House shall 
adjourn, in its present form, was included in this clause of rule XVI 
and given privileged status in the 93d Congress (H. Res. 6, Jan. 3, 
1973, p. 26). At several times during the 19th Century, the motion to 
fix the day to which the House should adjourn was included within the 
rule as to the precedence of motions but was dropped because of its use 
in obstructive tactics (V, 5301, 5379). The following precedent relates 
to the use of the motion in its earlier form: No question being under 
debate, a motion to fix the day to which the House should adjourn, 
already made, was held not to give way to a motion to adjourn (V, 5381). 
But if the motion to adjourn be made first, the motion to fix the day or 
for a recess is not entertained (V, 5302). The motion to fix the day is 
not debatable under the practice of the House (V, 5379, 5380; VIII, 
2648, 3367), requires a quorum for adoption (IV, 2954; June 19, 1975, p. 
19789; June 22, 1976, p. 19755), and is only in order if offered on the 
day on which the adjournment applies (Sept. 23, 1976, p. 32104). The 
House may convene and adjourn twice on the same calendar day pursuant to 
a motion under this clause that when the House adjourn it adjourn to a 
time certain later in the day, thereby meeting for two legislative days 
on the same calendar day (Nov. 17, 1981, p. 27771; Oct. 29, 1987, p. 
29933; June 29, 1995, p. 17716). When the Speaker exercises his 
discretion to entertain at any time a motion that when the House adjourn 
it stand adjourned to a day and time certain, the motion is of equal 
privilege with the simple motion to adjourn and takes precedence over a 
pending question on which the vote has been objected to for lack of a 
quorum (Nov. 17, 1981, p. 27770). The motion is not subject to the 
motion to lay on the table since it is not debatable and the precedence 
conferred on the motion to table only applies to a question that is 
``under debate'' (Nov. 17, 1981, p. 27770).


  Under the express terms of clause 4, the motion to authorize the 
Speaker to declare a recess is nondebatable and has equal privilege with 
the motion to adjourn. The House (without the consent of the Senate) may 
authorize the Speaker to declare a recess for up to three days (Dec. 15, 
1995, p. 37102).


[[Page 661]]

ment (VI, 541), a concurrent resolution to adjourn sine die (Mar. 27, 
1936, p. 4512), and a resolution to expel a Member (Oct. 1, 1976, p. 
35111). But a question of privilege (affecting the right of a Member to 
a seat) that has been laid on the table may be taken therefrom on motion 
made and agreed to by the House (V, 5438). The motion to lay on the 
table has the precedence given it by the rule, but may not be made after 
the previous question is ordered (V, 5415-5422; VIII, 2655), or even 
after the yeas and nays have been ordered on the demand for the previous 
question (V, 5408, 5409); but pending the demand for the previous 
question on a motion that is under debate, the motion to lay the primary 
motion on the table is preferential and is voted on first (Speaker 
Albert, Sept. 22, 1976, pp. 31876-82; Speaker O'Neill, July 10, 1985, 
pp. 18397-18400). The previous question having been ordered on a bill to 
final passage, the motion to lay the bill on the table may not then be 
offered pending a motion to reconsider the vote whereby the bill had 
been passed or rejected (Sept. 20, 1979, p. 25512).


Sec. 914. Motion to lay on the table.

  The  motion to lay on 
the table is used in the House for a final, adverse disposition of a 
matter without debate (V, 5389), and is in order before the Member 
entitled to prior recognition for debate has begun his remarks (V, 5391-
5395; VIII, 2649, 2650). Under the explicit terms of this clause, the 
motion is not debatable (Oct. 17, 1991, p. 26749). The motion is 
applicable to a motion to reconsider (VIII, 2652, 2659), a motion to 
postpone to a day certain (VIII, 2654, 2657), a resolution presenting a 
question of privilege (VI, 560), a privileged resolution offered at the 
direction of a party caucus electing Members to committees (Feb. 5, 
1997, p. ----), an appeal from a decision of the Chair (VIII, 3453), a 
motion to discharge a committee from a resolution of inquiry (VI, 415), 
a proposal to investigate with a view to impeach


  When a bill is laid on the table, pending motions connected therewith 
go to the table also (V, 5426, 5427); and when a proposed amendment is 
laid on the table the pending bill goes there also (V, 5423; VIII, 
2656), and if a pending amendment to a special order reported from the 
Committee on Rules were tabled, it would carry the resolution with it 
and is thus considered dilatory under former clause 4(b) of rule XI 
(current clause 6(b) of rule XIII) (Sept. 25, 1990, p. 25575). This rule 
holds good as to a House bill with Senate amendments (V, 5424, 6201-
6203; Sept. 28, 1978, p. 32334), but laying on the table the motion to 
postpone consideration of Senate amendments was held not to carry to the 
table pending motions for their disposition (VIII, 2657). The Journal 
does not accompany a proposed amendment to the table (V, 5435, 5436); 
the original question does not accompany an appeal (V, 5434); a 
resolution does not accompany another resolution with which it is 
connected, or a preamble (V, 5248, 5430); and a petition does not 
accompany the motion to receive it when the latter is laid on the table 
(V, 5431-5433); a bill does not accompany a motion to instruct conferees 
which is laid on the table (VIII, 2658).

  A motion to lay on the table a motion to reconsider the vote by which 
an amendment to a resolution had been agreed to would not carry the 
resolution to the table (VIII, 2652).


[[Page 662]]

clause 2 of rule XV) (June 11, 1945, p. 5892) but may be applied to the 
motion to discharge a committee from consideration of a resolution of 
inquiry (V, 5407). It is generally not applicable to motions that are 
neither debatable nor amendable and hence cannot be applied to a motion 
to dispense with further proceedings under a call of the House (Speaker 
McCormack, Aug. 27, 1962, pp. 17651-54), or to a motion that when the 
House adjourn it stand adjourned to a day and time certain (Nov. 17, 
1981, p. 27770). The motion to lay on the table is applicable to 
debatable secondary or privileged motions for disposal of another 
matter; thus a motion to refer (V, 5433; Aug. 13, 1982, pp. 20969, 
20975-78) or a motion to recede and concur in a Senate amendment in 
disagreement may be laid on the table (Speaker O'Neill, Feb. 22, 1978, 
p. 4072) without carrying the pending matter to the table. The motion is 
not applicable to a conference report (V, 6540).
  The motion is not in order in Committee of the Whole (IV, 4719, 4720; 
VIII, 2330, 2556a, 3455; Mar. 16, 1995, p. 8112; July 21, 1999, p. ----
), or on motions to go into the Committee of the Whole (VI, 726). It may 
not be amended (V, 5754), for example, to operate for a specified time 
(Oct. 17, 1991, p. 26749), or applied to the motions for adjournment 
(Aug. 3, 1990, p. 22195), the previous question (V, 5410, 5411; Oct. 4, 
1994, p. 27649), to suspend the rules (V, 5405), to commit after the 
previous question is ordered (V, 5412-5414; VIII, 2653, 2655), or to any 
motion relating to the order of business (V, 5403, 5404). It may not be 
applied to a motion to discharge a committee under former clause 3 of 
rule XXVII (current



Sec. 915. The motions to postpone.

  As  indicated in the rule, 
the motions to postpone are two in number and distinct. The first one is 
to postpone to a day certain, and the second one is to postpone 
indefinitely. Each must apply to the whole and not a part of the pending 
proposition (V, 5306). Neither may be entertained after the previous 
question is ordered (V, 5319-5321; VIII, 2616, 2617), or be applied to a 
special order providing for the consideration of a class of bills (V, 
4958); but when a bill comes before the House under the terms of a 
special order that assigns a day merely, a motion to postpone may be 
applied to the bill (IV, 3177-3182). Business postponed to a day certain 
is in order on that day immediately after the approval of the Journal 
and disposition of business on the Speaker's table, unless displaced by 
more highly privileged business (VIII, 2614). Where consideration of a 
measure postponed to a day certain resumes as unfinished business in the 
House, recognition for debate does not begin anew but recommences from 
the point where it was interrupted (June 10, 1980, p. 13801). It is not 
in order to postpone pending business to Calendar Wednesday (VIII, 
2614), but if so postponed by consent, when consideration is concluded 
on that Wednesday, the remainder of the day is devoted to business in 
order under the Calendar Wednesday rule (VII, 970). The motion is not 
available in Committee of the Whole (July 14, 1998, p. ----), but a 
motion that a bill be reported with the recommendation that it be 
postponed is in order in the Committee of the Whole proceeding under the 
general rules of the House (IV, 4765; VIII, 2372), is debatable (VIII, 
2372), and is a preferential motion (VIII, 2372, 2615), but debate is 
confined to the advisability of postponement only (VIII, 2372). It has 
been held in order to postpone an appeal (VIII, 2613). A bill under 
consideration in the morning hour may not be made a special order by a 
motion to postpone to a day certain (IV, 3164).



[[Page 663]]

it is applied not being within those limits (V, 5311-5315; VIII, 2372, 
2616, 2640).
  The motion to postpone to a day certain may not specify the hour (V, 
5307). The motion may be amended (V, 5754; VIII, 2824). It is debatable 
within narrow limits only (V, 5309, 5310), the merits of the bill to 
which

  The motion to postpone indefinitely opens to debate all the merits of 
the proposition to which it is applied (V, 5316). It may not be applied 
to the motion to refer (V, 5317), to suspend the rules (V, 5322), or 
motion to resolve into the Committee of the Whole (VI, 726), and it is 
reasonable to infer that it is equally inapplicable to the other 
secondary or privileged motions enumerated in the rule and to motions 
relating to the order of business. However, the motion to postpone 
indefinitely may be applied to the motion that the House resolve itself 
into the Committee of the Whole pursuant to the provisions of a statute, 
enacted under the rulemaking power of the House of Representatives, that 
specifically allows such a motion in the consideration of a resolution 
disapproving a certain executive action (Mar. 10, 1977, p. 7021; Aug. 3, 
1977, p. 26528).



Sec. 916. The motions to refer.

  The  parliamentary motion to 
refer is explicitly recognized and given status in four different 
situations under House rules: The ordinary motion provided for in this 
clause; the motion to recommit with or without instructions after the 
previous question has been ordered on a bill or joint resolution to 
final passage, provided in clause 2 of rule XIX; the motion to commit, 
with or without instructions, pending the motion for or after ordering 
of the previous question as provided in clause 1 of rule XIX (V, 5569); 
and the motion to refer, with or without instructions, pending a vote in 
the House to strike out the enacting clause as provided in clause 9 of 
rule XVIII. The terms ``refer,'' ``commit,'' and ``recommit'' are 
sometimes used interchangeably (V, 5521; VIII, 2736), but when used in 
the precise manner and situation contemplated in each rule, reflect 
certain differences based upon whether the question to which applied is 
``under debate,'' whether the motion itself is debatable, whether a 
minority Member or a Member opposed to the question to which the motion 
is applied is entitled to a priority of recognition, and whether the 
prohibition against a special order reported from the Committee on Rules 
denying a motion to recommit a bill or joint resolution pending final 
passage is applicable. For a discussion of the motion to recommit, see 
the annotations under clause 2 of rule XIX. The motion may not be used 
in direct form in Committee of the Whole (IV, 4721; VIII, 2326); and 
where a bill is being considered under the provisions of a resolution 
stating that ``at the conclusion of the consideration of the bill for 
amendment under the five-minute rule the Committee shall rise and report 
the bill back to the House with such amendments as may have been 
adopted,'' a motion that the Committee rise and report to the House with 
the recommendation that the bill be recommitted to the legislative 
committee reporting it is not in order (Aug. 10, 1950, p. 12219). It may 
be made after the engrossment and third reading of a bill, even though 
the previous question may not have been ordered (V, 5562, 5563).



[[Page 664]]

``under debate'' and the motion to refer may be offered under this 
clause (Speaker Albert, Sept. 16, 1976, p. 30887). A motion to refer 
takes precedence over motion to amend when a question is under debate 
(such as where the previous question has been rejected), and the Chair 
recognizes the Member seeking to offer the preferential motion before 
the less preferential motion is read (Aug. 13, 1982, pp. 20969, 20975-
78).
  If the previous question is rejected on a preferential motion to 
dispose of Senate amendments in disagreement, the preferential motion 
remains

  The simple motion to refer under the first sentence of this clause is 
debatable within narrow limits (V, 5054) and may be offered by any 
Member (who need not qualify as being in opposition to the pending 
question) when that question is ``under debate,'' i.e., when the 
previous question has not been moved or ordered, but the merits of the 
proposition sought to be referred may not be brought into the debate (V, 
5564-5568; VI, 65, 549; VIII, 2740). The motion to refer with 
instructions is also debatable (V, 5561); but the previous question is 
preferential (Mar. 22, 1990, p. 4997).



Sec. 917. Instructions with the motion to refer.

  The  motion 
to refer may specify that the reference shall be to a select as well as 
a standing committee (IV, 4401) without regard for rules of jurisdiction 
(IV, 4375; V, 5527) and may provide for reference to another committee 
than that reporting the bill (VIII, 2696, 2736), or to the Committee of 
the Whole (V, 5552, 5553), and even that the committee be endowed with 
power to send for persons and papers (IV, 4402). Unless the previous 
question is ordered the motion may be amended (VIII, 2712, 2738), in 
part (V, 5754); by substitute (VIII, 2698, 2738, 2759); or by adding 
instructions (V, 5521, 5570, 5582-5584; VIII, 2695, 2762; Aug. 13, 1982, 
pp. 20969, 20975-78).



Divisibility


Sec. 918. Repetition of motions.

  The  rule specifies that the 
motions to postpone and refer shall not be repeated on the same day at 
the same stage of the question (V, 5301, 5591; VIII, 2738, 2760). Under 
the practice, also, a motion to adjourn may be repeated only after 
intervening business (V, 5373; VIII, 2814), debate (V, 5374), the 
ordering of the yeas and nays (V, 5376, 5377), decision of the Chair on 
a question of order (V, 5378), reception of a message (V, 5375). The 
motion to lay on the table may also be repeated after intervening 
business (V, 5398-5400); but the ordering of the previous question (V, 
5709), a call of the House (V, 5401), or decision of a question of order 
have been held not to be such intervening business, it being essential 
that the pending matter be carried to a new stage in order to permit a 
repetition of the motion (V, 5709).



[[Page 665]]

put if it includes propositions so distinct in substance that, one being 
taken away, a substantive proposition remains.


Sec. 919. Division of the question.

  5.  (a) Except as provided in 
paragraph (b), a question shall be divided on the demand of a Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner before the question is


  (b)(1) A motion or resolution to elect members to a standing committee 
of the House, or to a joint standing committee, is not divisible.

  (2) A resolution or order reported by the Committee on Rules providing 
a special order of business is not divisible.




Sec. 920. Motion to strike out and insert not 
divisible.

  (c)  A motion to strike and insert is not divisible, but 
rejection of a motion to strike does not preclude another motion to 
amend.


  Paragraphs (a) and (b) (former clause 6) was first adopted in 1789, 
and was amended in 1837 (V, 6107). Paragraph (b)(1) (first part of the 
former proviso) was adopted April 2, 1917 (VIII, 2175), and paragraph 
(b)(2) (last part of the former proviso) was adopted May 3, 1933 (VIII, 
3164). Paragraph (c) (first part of former clause 7) was adopted in 
1811, and amended in 1822 (V, 5767). When the House recodified its rules 
in the 106th Congress, former clause 5 of this rule (requiring time of 
adjournment to be entered on the Journal) was transferred to clause 
2(c)(2) of rule II, paragraphs (a) and (b) were found in former clause 
6, and paragraph (c) was found in the first part of former clause 7 (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  The House may by adoption of a resolution reported from the Committee 
on Rules suspend the rule providing for the division of a question (VII, 
775).


[[Page 666]]

of the committee's findings, is not divisible since those questions are 
substantially equivalent (Speaker O'Neill, Oct. 13, 1978, p. 37016); and 
an adjournment resolution that also authorizes the receipt of veto 
messages from the President during the adjournment is not subject to a 
division of the question, as the receipt authority would be nonsensical 
standing alone (June 30, 1976, p. 21702). However, a concurrent 
resolution on the budget is subject to a demand for a division of the 
question if, for example, the resolution grammatically and substantively 
relates to different fiscal years (May 7, 1980, pp. 10185-87), or 
includes a separate, hortatory section having its own grammatical and 
substantive meaning (Speaker Foley, Mar. 5, 1992, p. 4657).


Sec. 921. Principles governing the division of the 
question.

  The  principle that there must be at least two substantive 
propositions in order to justify division is insisted on rigidly (V, 
6108-6113), as failure to do so produces difficulties (III, 1725). The 
question may not be divided after it has been put (V, 6162), or after 
the yeas and nays have been ordered (V, 6160, 6161); but division of the 
question may be demanded after the previous question is ordered (V, 
5468, 6149; VIII, 3173). In passing on a demand for division the Chair 
considers only substantive propositions and not the merits of the 
question presented (V, 6122). It seems to be most proper, also, that the 
division should depend on grammatical structure rather than on the 
legislative propositions involved (I, 394; V, 6119), but a question 
presenting two propositions grammatically is not divisible if either 
does not constitute a substantive proposition when considered alone 
(VII, 3165). Thus a resolution censuring a Member and adopting a report 
of a committee thereon, which recommends censure on the basis


  Decisions have been made that a resolution affecting two individuals 
may be divided, although such division may involve a reconstruction of 
the text (I, 623; V, 6119-6121). The better practice seems to be, 
however, that this reconstruction of the text should be made by the 
adoption of a substitute amendment of two branches, rather than by 
interpretation of the Chair (II, 1621). But merely formal words, such as 
``resolved,'' may be supplied by interpretation of the Chair (V, 6114-
6118). A resolution with two resolve clauses separately certifying the 
contemptuous conduct of two individuals is divisible (Feb. 27, 1986, p. 
3040); as is a resolution with one resolve clause certifying 
contemptuous conduct of several individuals (Oct. 27, 2000, p. ----, 
contrast, Deschler-Brown Precedents, vol. 14, ch. 30, sec. 49.1). A 
measure containing a series of simple resolutions (V, 6149), and a 
resolution confirming several nominations (Speaker Albert, Mar. 19, 
1975, p. 7344) may be divided. A resolution of impeachment presenting 
discrete articles may be divided (VI, 545; Dec. 18, 1998, p. ----).

  Except on resolutions to elect Members to committees or on resolutions 
reported from the Committee on Rules providing a special order of 
business, where division of the question is prohibited by this clause, a 
resolution reported from the Committee on Rules may be divided where 
otherwise appropriate. Thus a resolution reported from that committee 
establishing several select committees in grammatically divisible 
titles, not being a special order of business, is subject to a demand 
for a division of the question (Jan. 8, 1987, p. 1036). However, it is 
not in order to demand a division of a subject incorporated by reference 
in the pending text, as when a resolution to adopt a series of rules, 
not made a part of the resolution, was before the House, it was held not 
in order to demand a separate vote on each rule (V, 6159).

  The question on engrossment and third reading under former clause 1 of 
rule XXI (current clause 8(c) of rule XVI) is not divisible (Speaker 
Foley, Aug. 3, 1989, p. 18544); and in voting on the engrossment or 
passage of a bill or joint resolution, a separate vote may not be 
demanded on the various portions (V, 6144-6146; VIII, 3172), or on the 
preamble (V, 6147).


[[Page 667]]

645). An amendment (to a joint resolution making continuing 
appropriations) containing separate paragraphs appropriating funds for 
different programs may be substantively and grammatically divisible 
although preceded by the same prefatory language applicable to all the 
paragraphs, and the Clerk will read each paragraph as including the 
prefatory language prior to the Chair's putting the question thereon 
(Nov. 8, 1983, p. 31495). A division may be demanded on an amendment to 
strike out various unrelated phrases (VIII, 3166; Mar. 28, 1984, p. 
6898). An amendment proposing to change a figure in one paragraph of an 
appropriation bill and also to insert a new (``fetch-back'') paragraph 
at another point in the bill is divisible (July 15, 1993, p. 15843). 
Absent a contrary order, the question may be divided on an amendment en 
bloc comprising discrete instructions to amend, even though unanimous 
consent has just been granted for the en bloc consideration (July 25, 
1990, p. 19174; July 18, 1991, p. 18851).
  Where an amendment is offered to an appropriation bill providing that 
no part of the appropriation may be paid to named individuals, the 
amendment may be divided for a separate vote on each name (Feb. 5, 1943, 
p.

  A division of the question may not be demanded on a motion to strike 
out and insert (V, 5767, 6123; VIII, 3169), including substitutes for 
pending amendments (V, 6127; VIII, 3168; Aug. 17, 1972, pp. 28887-90; 
July 2, 1980, pp. 18288-92), although an amendment comprising two 
discrete instructions to strike and insert may be divided (June 4, 1998, 
p. ----) and a perfecting amendment to an amendment may be divided if 
not in the form of a motion to strike out and insert (V, 6131). When it 
is proposed to strike out and insert not one but several connected 
matters, it is not in order to demand a separate vote on each of those 
matters (V, 6124, 6125), as when an amendment in the nature of a 
substitute containing several resolutions is proposed; but after this 
amendment has been agreed to, it is in order to demand a division of the 
original resolution as amended (V, 6127, 6128). When, however, an 
amendment simply adding or inserting is proposed, it is in order to 
divide the amendment (V, 6129-6133). To a motion to strike certain words 
and insert others, a simple motion to strike out the words may not be 
offered as a substitute, as it would have the effect of dividing the 
motion to strike out and insert (June 29, 1939, pp. 8282, 8284; June 19, 
1979, pp. 15566-68).


[[Page 668]]

a separate vote was had on the amendment to the Senate amendment (VIII, 
2420). When Senate amendments to a House bill are considered in the 
House, a separate vote may be had on each amendment (VIII, 2383, 2400, 
3191), and separate votes may be had on nongermane portions of Senate 
amendments as provided in clause 10 of rule XXII.
  A division may be demanded on the motion to recede from disagreement 
to a Senate amendment and concur therein (see Sec. 525, supra; V, 6209; 
VIII, 3197-3199, 3203), but may not be demanded on Senate amendments 
when sending to conference (V, 6151-6156; VIII, 3175). A division of the 
question may not be demanded, with respect to a motion to concur in a 
Senate amendment with an amendment, between concurring and amending 
(VIII, 3176), and may not be demanded on separate parts of the proposed 
amendment if it is not properly divisible under the same tests that 
apply to any other amendment (Aug. 3, 1973, pp. 28124-26; Oct. 11, 1984, 
p. 32188). Thus a proposed amendment to a Senate amendment is not 
divisible if in the form of a motion to strike out and insert (Oct. 15, 
1986, p. 32135). Each Senate amendment must be voted on as a whole 
(VIII, 3175) but the Committee of the Whole having reported a Senate 
amendment with the recommendation that it be agreed to with an 
amendment,

  It is not in order to divide a motion to lay several connected 
propositions on the table (V, 6138-6140). Similarly, it is not in order 
to divide a motion for the previous question on two related 
propositions, as on a special order reported from the Committee on Rules 
and a pending amendment thereto (Sept. 25, 1990, p. 25575). An appeal 
from a decision of the Speaker involving two distinct questions may be 
divided (V, 6157).

  On a motion to commit with instructions it is not in order to demand a 
separate vote on the instructions or various branches thereof (V, 6134-
6137; VIII, 2737, 3170; Speaker Rayburn, Apr. 11, 1956, p. 6157; June 
29, 1993, p. 14618). However, an amendment reported forthwith pursuant 
to instructions contained in a successful motion to recommit may be 
divided on the question of its adoption if composed of substantively and 
grammatically distinct propositions (June 29, 1993, p. 14618). A motion 
to recommit a bill to conference with various instructions may not be 
divided (Sept. 29, 1994, p. 27681). However, a motion to instruct 
conferees after 20 days of conference (when multiple motions are in 
order) may be divided (Speaker Byrns, May 26, 1936, p. 7951; Sept. 20, 
2000, p.----), provided that separate substantive propositions are 
presented (Speaker Rayburn, May 9, 1946, p. 4750).

  A division of the question may not be demanded on bills or joint 
resolutions for reference (IV, 4376) or change of reference (VII, 2125), 
a motion to elect Members to committees of House (VIII, 2175, 3164), a 
question against which a point of order is pending (VIII, 3432), a 
proposition under a motion to suspend the rules (V, 6141-6143; VIII, 
3171). A proposition reported from the Committee of the Whole as an 
entire and distinct amendment may not be divided, but must be voted on 
in the House as a whole (IV, 4883-4892). A separate vote may not be 
demanded in the House on an amendment adopted in the Committee of the 
Whole to an amendment (VIII, 2422, 2426, 2427).


[[Page 669]]

the remaining portion (Aug. 17, 1972, Deschler's Precedents, vol. 9, ch. 
27, sec. 22.14; June 8, 1995, p. 15302). Where a division of the 
question is demanded on more than one portion of an amendment, the Chair 
may put the question first on the remaining portions of the amendment 
(if any), then (after further debate) on the first part on which a 
division is demanded, and then (after further debate) on the last part 
on which a division is demanded (Oct. 21, 1981, pp. 24785-89). Where the 
question on adopting an amendment is divided by special rule (rather 
than on demand from the floor), the Chair puts the question on each 
divided portion of the amendment in the order in which it appears (May 
23, 1996, p. 12316).
  After the vote on the first member of the question, the second is open 
to debate and amendments, unless the previous question is ordered (see 
Sec. 482, supra). Where a motion to concur in a Senate amendment is 
divided pursuant to a special rule permitting that procedure, the Chair 
puts the question first on the first portion of the Senate amendment, 
and then on the remaining portion (Mar. 4, 1993, p. 4163). Where a 
division of the question is demanded on a portion of an amendment, the 
Chair puts the question first on the remaining portions of the 
amendment, and that portion on which the division is demanded remains 
open for further debate and amendment (Oct. 21, 1981, pp. 24785-89). 
However, where no further debate or amendment is in order on the divided 
portion, the Chair may put the question first on the divided portion(s) 
and then immediately on


Amendments
  A demand for a division of the question on a separate portion of an 
amendment may be withdrawn before the question is put on the first 
portion thereof (July 15, 1993, p. 15843), but once the Chair has put 
the question on the first portion of the amendment, a demand for a 
division may be withdrawn only by unanimous consent (Sept. 9, 1976, pp. 
29538-40).




Sec. 922. Amendments to text and to title.

  6.  When an amendable 
proposition is under consideration, a motion to amend and a motion to 
amend that amendment shall be in order, and it also shall be in order to 
offer a further amendment by way of substitute for the original motion 
to amend, to which one amendment may be offered but which may not be 
voted on until the original amendment is perfected. An amendment may be 
withdrawn in the House at any time before a decision or amendment 
thereon. An amendment to the title of a bill or resolution shall not be 
in order until after its passage or adoption and shall be decided 
without debate.



[[Page 670]]

  This provision (former rule XIX) was adopted in 1880, with an 
amendment adding the portion in relation to the title in 1893. The rule 
of 1880, however, merely stated in form of rule what had been the 
practice of the House for many years (V, 5753). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former rule XIX (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). For further 
discussion see House Practice (1996), pp. 25-29, and Deschler's 
Precedents, vol. 9, ch. 27, secs. 15-19.



Sec. 923. Conditions of the motion to amend.

  It  is not in 
order to offer more than one motion to amend of the same nature at a 
time (V, 5755; VIII, 2831), but the four motions specified by the rule 
may be pending at the same time (V, 5793; VIII, 2883, 2887). Where, 
pursuant to a special rule, a committee amendment in the nature of a 
substitute is being read as original text for purpose of amendment, 
there may be pending to that text the four stages of amendment permitted 
by this rule (Apr. 23, 1969, p. 10066). When a request for a recorded 
vote in the Committee of the Whole is postponed under authority of a 
special order of the House (such authority now found in clause 6(g) of 
rule XVIII), the amendment becomes unfinished business and is no longer 
pending, thereby permitting the offering of another amendment (May 10, 
2000, p. ----). An amendment in the third degree is not specified by the 
rule and is not permissible (V, 5754; VIII, 2580, 2888, 2891), even when 
the third degree is in the nature of a substitute for an amendment to a 
substitute (V, 5791; VIII, 2889).


  An amendment must contain instructions to the Clerk as to the portion 
of the bill it seeks to amend and is subject to a point of order if not 
in proper form (Oct. 3, 1985, p. 25970). An amendment may not propose to 
change portions of a measure not yet read for amendment (Mar. 24, 1999, 
p. ----). Under a ``modified-closed'' rule permitting only amendments 
printed in the report accompanying the rule, the Chair will permit an 
amendment to be offered in the form actually submitted for printing 
rather than requiring that it be offered in the erroneous form printed 
(Mar. 10, 1994, p. 4405).

  A Member may not amend or modify his own amendment except by unanimous 
consent (Oct. 1, 1985, p. 25453); and where the Chair recognizes the 
proponent of an amendment to propound such a unanimous-consent request 
before commencing debate, the Chair does not charge time consumed under 
a reservation of objection against the proponent's time for debate on 
the amendment (Feb. 3, 1993, p. 1978; May 27, 1993, p. 11849). Under the 
five-minute rule, the proponent of an amendment may not yield to another 
to offer an amendment to the amendment; rather an amendment to the 
amendment may be offered after the proponent of the pending amendment 
has explained it (Sept. 7, 1995, p. 24071).

  Two independent amendments may be voted on at once only by unanimous 
consent of the House (V, 5979). Amendments en bloc, once pending, are 
open to perfecting amendment at any point (June 12, 1991, p. 14337). If 
a point of order is sustained against a discrete portion of an en bloc 
amendment, the entire en bloc amendment may not be considered; however, 
each constituent amendment may be offered separately if otherwise in 
order (Sept. 16, 1981, p. 20735-38). An amendment considered with others 
en bloc and rejected may be offered separately at a subsequent time 
(Deschler's Precedents, vol. 9, ch. 27, sec. 35.15; Nov. 4, 1991, p. 
29932).


[[Page 671]]

all after its first word and inserting a new text (V, 5793, 5794). While 
this is in effect a substitute, it is not technically so. A substitute 
always proposes to replace all the words of a pending amendment. The 
amendatory instructions contained in a substitute direct changes to be 
made in the original language rather than to the pending amendment. 
Although a substitute may change parts of a bill not changed by the 
pending amendment, the substitute must be germane to the pending 
amendment (VIII, 2879, 2880; Deschler's Precedents, vol. 9, ch. 27, sec. 
18.6). A substitute may result in similar language to the original text 
proposed to be changed by the pending amendment, but may not result in 
identical language (Deschler's Precedents, vol. 9, ch. 27, sec. 18.15). 
To an amendment adding a new section, an amendment making perfecting 
changes in the bill rather than in the amendment is not a proper 
perfecting amendment, but may, if germane, be offered as a substitute 
for the amendment (Deschler's Precedents, vol. 9, ch. 27, sec. 18.7). 
The Chair will not look behind the form of the amendment in determining 
whether it is a perfecting amendment or a substitute (June 13, 1994, p. 
12731). Once a perfecting amendment to an amendment is disposed of, the 
original amendment, as amended or not, remains open to further 
perfecting amendment (June 20, 1991, p. 15610); and all such amendments 
are disposed of prior to voting on substitutes for the original 
amendment and amendments thereto (July 26, 1984, p. 21253).
  The substitute provided for in this rule has been construed as a 
substitute for the amendment and not as a substitute for the original 
text (VIII, 2883). A substitute amendment may be amended by striking out

  An amendment offered as a substitute and rejected may again be offered 
as an original amendment without presenting an equivalent question. In 
the first case the question is the relationship between the substitute 
and the amendment to which offered, and in the second case the question 
is the relationship between the original amendment and the text of the 
bill (V, 5797; VIII, 2843). An amendment that is adopted as amended by a 
substitute may not be reoffered in its original form if it would 
directly change the amended portion of the bill. However, it may be 
reoffered if the original amendment amends a different part of the bill 
(as in the case where the amendatory instructions of the substitute 
displaces the language of the original amendment). In such a case the 
vote on the amendment as amended by the substitute is not equivalent to 
a direct vote on the original amendment (June 25, 1987, p. 17416). An 
amendment considered with others en bloc and rejected may be offered 
separately at a subsequent time (Deschler's Precedents, vol. 9, ch. 27, 
sec. 35.15; Nov. 4, 1991, p. 29932).


[[Page 672]]

posed to offer a single substitute for several paragraphs of a bill that 
is being considered by paragraphs, the substitute may be moved to the 
first paragraph, with notice that, if agreed to, motions will be made to 
strike out the remaining paragraphs (V, 5795; VIII, 2898, 2900-2903; 
July 29, 1969, p. 21218). An amendment in the nature of a substitute, as 
well as the original proposition, may be perfected by amendments before 
the vote on it is taken (V, 5786). Where there is pending an amendment 
in the nature of a substitute, it is in order to offer a perfecting 
amendment to the pending portion of original text (VIII, 2861; Apr. 27, 
1976, p. 11411; see also Procedure, ch. 27, sec. 13.8). An amendment in 
the nature of a substitute having been agreed to, the vote is then taken 
on the original proposition as amended (II, 983; V, 5799, 5800), and no 
further amendment is in order (Speaker O'Neill, Mar. 26, 1985, p. 6274). 
If a perfecting amendment to an amendment in the nature of a substitute, 
striking out all after the short title and inserting a new text, is 
agreed to, further amendments to the text so perfected are not in order, 
but amendments are in order to add new language at the end of the 
amendment in the nature of a substitute as amended (May 16, 1979, p. 
11420).
  An amendment in the nature of a substitute always proposes to strike 
out all after the enacting or resolving words in order to insert a new 
text (V, 5785, footnote). An amendment in the nature of a substitute may 
be proposed before amendments to the pending portion of original text 
have been acted on, but may not be voted on until such amendments have 
been disposed of (V, 5787). When a bill is considered by sections or 
paragraphs an amendment in the nature of a substitute is properly 
offered after the reading for amendment is concluded (V, 5788). However, 
when it is pro



Sec. 924. Relation of point of order to motion to 
amend.

  A  point of order against an amendment is timely if made or 
reserved prior to formal recognition of the proponent to commence debate 
thereon (July 16, 1991, p. 18391), but thereafter comes too late (V, 
6894, 6898-6899) except as provided in clauses 4 and 5(a) of rule XXI. 
To preclude a point of order, debate should be on the merits of the 
proposition (V, 6901). When enough of an amendment has been read to show 
that it is out of order, a point of order may be raised without waiting 
for the reading to be completed (V, 6886-6887; VIII, 2912, 3437), though 
the Chair may decline to rule until the entire proposition has been read 
(Dec. 14, 1973, pp. 41716-18). A timely reservation of a point of order 
by one Member inures to the benefit of any other Member who desires to 
press a point of order (V, 6906; July 18, 1990, p. 17930).




Sec. 925. Withdrawal of the motion to amend.

  While  the rule 
provides that either an ordinary or substitute amendment may be 
withdrawn in the House (V, 5753) or ``in the House as in Committee of 
the Whole'' (IV, 4935; June 26, 1973, p. 21315), it may not be withdrawn 
or modified in Committee of the Whole except by unanimous consent 
(clause 5 of rule XVIII; V, 5221; VIII, 2564, 2859).



[[Page 673]]

extent to which the chairman of the committee reporting a bill should be 
recognized to offer amendments to perfect it in preference to other 
Members (II, 1450). Amendments may not be offered by proxy (VIII, 2830). 
The motion to strike out the enacting clause has precedence of the 
motion to amend, and may be offered while an amendment is pending (V, 
5328-5331; VIII, 2622-2624); but the motion to amend takes precedence 
over a motion that the Committee of the Whole rise and report the bill 
with the recommendation that it pass (July 27, 1937, p. 7699).


Sec. 926. Precedence of the motion to amend.

  Pursuant  to 
clause 4 of rule XVI, the motion for the previous question takes 
precedence of a motion to amend (Nov. 8, 1971, p. 39944); and if the 
previous question is not ordered, the motion to refer also has 
precedence of the motion to amend (V, 5555; VI, 373). Amendments 
reported by a committee are acted on before those offered from the floor 
(V, 5773; VIII, 2862, 2863), but a floor amendment to the text of a 
pending section is considered before a committee amendment adding a new 
section at the end of the pending section (Oct. 4, 1972, pp. 33779-82), 
and there is a question as to the




Sec. 927. Relation of the motion to amend to other 
motions.

  With  some exceptions an amendment may attach itself to secondary 
and privileged motions (V, 5754). Thus, the motions to postpone, refer, 
amend, for a recess, and to fix the day to which the House shall adjourn 
may be amended (V, 5754; VIII, 2824). But the motions for the previous 
question, to lay on the table, to adjourn (V, 5754) and to go into 
Committee of the Whole to consider a privileged bill may not be amended 
(IV, 3078, 3079; VI, 723-725).



Germaneness
  An amendment to the title of a bill is not in order in Committee of 
the Whole (Jan. 29, 1986, p. 682).




Sec. 928. Germane amendments.

  7.  No motion or proposition on a 
subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under 
color of amendment.


  This clause was adopted in 1789, and amended in 1822 (V, 5767, 5825). 
Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this clause 
and clause 5(c) occupied a single former clause 7 (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).


[[Page 674]]

order during consideration in the House to introduce a new subject by 
way of amendment (V, 5825). The rule that amendments should be germane 
applies to amendments reported by committees (V, 5806), but a resolution 
providing for consideration of the bill with committee amendments may 
waive points of order (Oct. 10, 1967, p. 28406), and the point of order 
under this rule does not apply to a special order reported from the 
Committee on Rules ``self-executing'' the adoption in the House of a 
nongermane amendment to a bill, since the amendment is not separately 
before the House during consideration of the special order (Feb. 24, 
1993, p. 3542; July 27, 1993, p. 17117). A resolution reported from the 
Committee on Rules providing for the consideration of a bill relating to 
a certain subject may be amended neither by an amendment that would 
substitute the consideration of an unrelated proposition (V, 5834-5836; 
VIII, 2956; Sept. 14, 1950, p. 14844) nor an amendment that would permit 
the additional consideration of a nongermane amendment to the bill (May 
29, 1980, pp. 12667-73; Aug. 13, 1982, p. 20972). The Chair will not 
interpret as a point of order under a specific rule of the House an 
objection to a substitute as narrowing the scope of a pending amendment, 
absent some stated or necessarily implied reference to germaneness or 
other rule (June 25, 1987, p. 17415). The burden of proof is on the 
proponent of an amendment to establish its germaneness (VIII, 2995; July 
10, 2000, p. ----), and where an amendment is equally susceptible to 
more than one interpretation, one of which will render it not germane, 
the Chair will rule it out of order (June 20, 1975, p. 19967).
  It introduced a principle not then known to the general parliamentary 
law (V, 5825), but of high value in the procedure of the House (V, 
5866). Prior to the adoption of rules, when the House is operating under 
general parliamentary law, as modified by the usage and practice of the 
House, an amendment may be subject to the point of order that it is not 
germane to the proposition to which offered (Jan. 3, 1969, p. 23). The 
principle of the rule applies to a proposition by which it is proposed 
to modify the pending bill, and not to a portion of the bill itself (V, 
6929); thus a point of order will not lie that an appropriation in a 
general appropriation bill is not germane to the rest of the bill (Dec. 
16, 1963, p. 24753). In general, an amendment simply striking out words 
already in a bill may not be ruled out as not germane (V, 5805; VIII, 
2918) unless such action would change the scope and meaning of the text 
(VIII, 2917-2921; Mar. 23, 1960, p. 6381); and a pro forma amendment 
``to strike out the last word'' has been considered germane (July 28, 
1965, p. 18639). While a committee may report a bill or resolution 
embracing different subjects, it is not in



Sec. 929. Proposition to which amendment must be 
germane.

  Under  the later practice an amendment should be germane to the 
particular paragraph or section to which it is offered (V, 5811-5820; 
VIII, 2922, 2936; Oct. 14, 1971, pp. 36194, 36211; Sept. 19, 1986, p. 
24729), without reference to subject matter of other titles not yet read 
(July 31, 1990, p. 20816), and an amendment inserting an additional 
section should be germane to the portion of the bill to which it is 
offered (V, 5822; VIII, 2927, 2931; July 14, 1970, pp. 24033-35), though 
it may be germane to more than one portion of a bill (Mar. 27, 1974, p. 
8508), and when offered as a separate paragraph is not required to be 
germane to the paragraph immediately preceding or following it (VII, 
1162; VIII, 2932-2935).


  The test of germaneness in the case of a motion to recommit with 
instructions is the relationship of the instructions to the bill taken 
as a whole (and not merely to the separate portion of the bill 
specifically proposed to be amended in the instructions) (Mar. 28, 1996, 
p. 6932).


[[Page 675]]

cy but not transferring funds to that account from other paragraphs in 
the bill, an amendment increasing that amount by transfer from an 
account in another paragraph is not germane, since affecting budget 
authority for a different agency not the subject of the pending 
paragraph (July 17, 1985, p. 19436). Similarly, an amendment to a 
general appropriation bill in the form of a limitation on funds therein 
but extending to activities prescribed by laws unrelated to the 
functions of departments and agencies addressed by the bill is not 
germane (July 10, 2000, p. ----).
  Subject to clause 2(c) of rule XXI (requiring that limitation 
amendments to general appropriation bills be offered at the end of the 
reading of the bill for amendment), an amendment limiting the use of 
funds by a particular agency funded in a general appropriation bill may 
be germane to the paragraph carrying the funds, or to any general 
provisions portion of the bill affecting that agency or all agencies 
funded by the bill (July 16, 1979, p. 18807). However, to a paragraph 
containing funds for an agen

  In passing on the germaneness of an amendment, the Chair considers the 
relationship between the amendment and the bill as modified by the 
Committee of the Whole (Apr. 23, 1975, p. 11545; July 8, 1987, p. 
19013).

  An amendment adding a new section to a bill being read by titles must 
be germane to the pending title (Sept. 17, 1975, p. 28925), but where a 
bill is considered as read and open to amendment at any point, an 
amendment must be germane to the bill as a whole and not to a particular 
section (Sept. 29, 1975, p. 30761; Jan. 30, 1986, p. 1052). Where a 
title of a bill is open to amendment at any point, the germaneness of an 
amendment perfecting one section therein depends on its relationship to 
the title as a whole and not merely on its relationship to the one 
section (June 25, 1991, p. 16152). An amendment in the form of a new 
title, when offered at the end of a bill containing several diverse 
titles on a general subject, need not be germane to the portion of the 
bill to which offered, it being sufficient that the amendment be germane 
to the bill as a whole in its modified form (Nov. 4, 1971, p. 39267; 
July 2, 1974, p. 22029; Sept. 18, 1975, p. 29322; July 11, 1985, p. 
18601; Oct. 8, 1985, pp. 26548-51). While the heading of the final title 
of a bill as ``miscellaneous'' does not thereby permit amendments to 
that title which are not germane thereto, the inclusion of sufficiently 
diverse provisions in such title affecting various provisions in the 
bill may permit further amendments which need only be germane to the 
bill as a whole (Apr. 10, 1979, pp. 8034-37).


[[Page 676]]

  Under clause 10 of rule XXII, a portion of a conference report 
incorporating part of a Senate amendment in the nature of a substitute 
to a House bill, or incorporating part of a Senate bill that the House 
has amended, must be germane to the bill in the form passed by the 
House; thus where a House-passed bill contained several sections and 
titles amending diverse portions of the Internal Revenue Code relating 
to tax credits, a modified Senate provision adding a new section dealing 
with another tax credit was held germane to the House-passed measure as 
a whole (Speaker Albert, Mar. 26, 1975, p. 8900); but a Senate provision 
in a conference report, on a Senate bill with a House amendment in the 
nature of a substitute, which authorized appointment of a special 
prosecutor for any criminal offenses committed by certain Federal 
officials was held not germane to the bill as passed by the House, which 
related to offenses directly related to official duties and 
responsibilities of Federal officials (Oct. 12, 1978, pp. 36459-61).

  The test of germaneness of an amendment to or a substitute for an 
amendment in the nature of a substitute is its relationship to the 
substitute and not its relationship to the bill to which the amendment 
in the nature of a substitute has been offered (July 19, 1973, p. 24958; 
July 22, 1975, p. 23990; June 1, 1976, pp. 16051-56; July 28, 1982, pp. 
18355-58, 18361), and an amendment to a substitute is not required to 
affect the same page and line numbers as the substitute in order to be 
germane, it being sufficient that the amendment is germane to the 
subject matter of the substitute (Aug. 1, 1979, pp. 21944-47). When an 
amendment in the nature of a substitute is offered at the end of the 
first section of a bill, the test of germaneness is the relationship 
between the amendment and the entire bill, and the germaneness of an 
amendment in the nature of a substitute for a bill is not necessarily 
determined by an incidental portion of the amendment which if offered 
separately might not be germane to the portion of the bill to which 
offered (July 8, 1975, p. 21633).

  The test of germaneness of an amendment offered as a substitute for a 
pending amendment is its relationship to the pending amendment and not 
its relationship to the underlying bill (Feb. 14, 1995, p. 4714).

  An amendment germane to the bill as a whole, but hardly germane to any 
one section, may be offered at an appropriate place with notice of 
motions to strike out the following sections which it would supersede 
(V, 5823; July 29, 1969, p. 21221). Where a perfecting amendment to the 
text is offered pending a vote on a motion to strike out the same text, 
the perfecting amendment must be germane to the text to which offered, 
not to the motion to strike (Oct. 3, 1969, p. 28454).


[[Page 677]]



Sec. 930. Instructions to committees and amendments 
thereto.

  The  rule that amendments must be germane applies to amendments to 
the instructions in a motion to instruct conferees (VIII, 3230, 3235), 
and the test of germaneness of an amendment to a motion to instruct 
conferees, in addition to the measurement of scope of conference, is the 
relationship of the amendment to the subject matter of the House or 
Senate version of the bill (Deschler-Brown Precedents, vol. 11, ch. 28, 
sec. 28.2). The rule of germaneness similarly applies to the 
instructions in a motion to recommit a bill to a committee of the House, 
as it is not in order to propose as part of a motion to recommit any 
proposition that would not have been germane if proposed as an amendment 
to the bill in the House (V, 5529-5541; VIII, 2708-2712; Mar. 2, 1967, 
p. 5155), and the instructions must be germane to the bill as perfected 
in the House (Nov. 19, 1993, p. 30513), even where the instructions do 
not propose a direct amendment to the bill but merely direct the 
committee to pursue an unrelated approach (Speaker O'Neill, Mar. 2, 
1978, p. 5272; July 16, 1991, p. 18397) or direct the committee not to 
report the bill back to the House until an unrelated contingency occurs 
(VIII, 2704). Under the same rationale as amendments to a motion to 
instruct conferees, amendments to a motion to recommit to a standing 
committee with instructions must be germane to the subject matter of the 
bill (see V, 6888; VIII, 2711).


  The fact that an amendment is offered in conjunction with a motion to 
recommit a bill with instructions to a standing committee does not 
affect the requirement that the subject matter of the amendment be 
germane and within the jurisdiction of the committee reporting the bill 
(Mar. 2, 1967, p. 5155; July 16, 1991, p. 18397).


[[Page 678]]

whole be germane to the Senate amendment as a whole under clause 7 of 
rule XVI (Oct. 4, 1978, pp. 33502-06; June 30, 1987, p. 18294).


Sec. 931. Senate amendments and matter contained in 
conference reports.

  In  the consideration of Senate amendments to a House 
bill an amendment must be germane to the particular Senate amendment to 
which it is offered (V, 6188-6191; VIII, 2936; May 14, 1963, p. 8506; 
Dec. 13, 1980, p. 34097), and it is not sufficient that an amendment to 
a Senate amendment is germane to the original House bill if it is not 
germane to the subject matter of a Senate amendment that merely inserts 
new matter and does not strike out House provisions (V, 6188; VIII, 
2936). But where a Senate amendment proposes to strike out language in a 
House bill, the test of the germaneness of a motion to recede and concur 
with an amendment is the relationship between the language in the motion 
and the provisions in the House bill proposed to be stricken, as well as 
those to be inserted, by the Senate amendment (June 8, 1943, p. 5511; 
June 15, 1943, p. 5899; Dec. 12, 1974, p. 39272). The test of the 
germaneness of an amendment to a motion to concur in a Senate amendment 
with an amendment is the relationship between the amendment and the 
motion, and not between the amendment and the Senate amendment to which 
the motion has been offered (Aug. 3, 1973, Deschler-Brown Precedents, 
vol. 11, ch. 28, sec. 27.6). Formerly, a Senate amendment was not 
subject to the point of order that it was not germane to the House bill 
(VIII, 3425), but under changes in the rules points of order may be made 
and separate votes demanded on portions of Senate amendments and 
conference reports containing language that would not have been germane 
if offered in the House. Clause 10 of rule XXII permits points of order 
against language in a conference report which was originally in the 
Senate bill or amendment and which would not have been germane if 
offered to the House-passed version, and permits a separate motion to 
reject such portion of the conference report if found nongermane (Oct. 
15, 1986, p. 31498). For purposes of that rule, the House-passed 
version, against which Senate provisions are compared, is that finally 
committed to conference, taking into consideration all amendments 
adopted by the House, including House amendments to Senate amendments 
(July 28, 1983, p. 21401). Clause 10 of rule XXII permits points of 
order against motions to concur or concur with amendment in nongermane 
Senate amendments, the stage of disagreement having been reached, and, 
if such points of order are sustained, permits separate motions to 
reject such nongermane matter. Clause 10 of rule XXII is not applicable 
to a provision contained in a motion to recede and concur with an 
amendment (the stage of disagreement having been reached) which is not 
contained in any form in the Senate version, the only requirement in 
such circumstances being that the motion as a



[[Page 679]]

an amendment addressing enforcement of State firearm laws (Aug. 3, 1999, 
p. ----).


Sec. 932. Subject matter as test of 
germaneness.

  An  amendment must relate to the subject matter under 
consideration. Thus, the following are not germane: To a bill seeking to 
eliminate wage discrimination based on the sex of the employee, an 
amendment to make the provisions of the bill applicable to 
discrimination based on race (July 25, 1962, p. 14778); to a bill 
establishing an office in the Department of the Interior to manage 
biological information, an amendment addressing socioeconomic matters 
(Oct. 26, 1993, p. 26082); to a bill authorizing military assistance to 
Israel and funds for the United Nations emergency force in the Middle 
East, an amendment expressing the sense of Congress that the President 
conduct negotiations to obtain a peace treaty in the Middle East and the 
resumption of diplomatic and trade relations between Arab nations and 
the United States and Israel (Dec. 11, 1973, p. 40842); to a concurrent 
resolution expressing congressional concern over certain domestic 
policies of a foreign government and urging that government to improve 
those internal problems in order to enhance better relations with the 
United States, amendments expressing the necessity for United States 
diplomatic initiatives as a consequence of that foreign government's 
policies (July 12, 1978, pp. 20500-05); to a resolution amending several 
clauses of a rule of the House but confined in its scope to the issue of 
access to committee hearings and meetings, an amendment to another 
clause of that rule relating to committee staffing (Mar. 7, 1973, p. 
6714); to a title of a bill that only addresses the administrative 
structure of a new department and not its authority to carry out 
transferred programs, an amendment prohibiting the department from 
withholding funds to carry out certain objectives (June 12, 1979, p. 
14485); to an amendment authorizing the use of funds for a specific 
study, an amendment naming any program established in the bill for an 
unrelated purpose for a specified Senator (Aug. 15, 1986, p. 22075); to 
one of two reconciliation bills reported by the Budget Committee, an 
amendment making a prospective indirect change to the other 
reconciliation bill not then pending before the House (June 25, 1997, p. 
----); to a bill reauthorizing the National Sea Grant College Program, a 
proposal to amend existing law to provide for automatic continuation of 
appropriations in the absence of timely enactment of a regular 
appropriation bill (June 18, 1997, p. ----); to a bill regulating 
immigration, an amendment reaffirming an agreement with Japan (VIII, 
3050); to a bill opposing concessional loans to a country and outlining 
principles governing the conduct of industrial cooperation projects of 
U.S. nationals in that country, an amendment waiving provisions of other 
law by requiring changes in tariff schedules to achieve overall trade 
reciprocity between that country and the United States (Nov. 6, 1997, p. 
----); to a resolution authorizing the deployment of troops to implement 
a peace agreement, an amendment expressing support for the armed forces 
in carrying out such mission (Mar. 11, 1999, p. ----); to a bill 
addessing enforcement of State liquor laws,


  An amendment that is germane, not being ``on a subject different from 
that under consideration,'' belongs to a class illustrated by the 
following: to a bill providing for an interoceanic canal by one route, 
an amendment providing for a different route (V, 5909); to a bill 
providing for the reorganization of the Army, an amendment providing for 
the encouragement of marksmanship (V, 5910); to a proposition to create 
a board of inquiry, an amendment specifying when it shall report (V, 
5915); to a bill relating to ``oleomargarine and other imitation dairy 
products,'' an amendment on the subject of ``renovated butter'' (V, 
5919); to a resolution rescinding an order for final adjournment, an 
amendment fixing a new date therefor (V, 5920); to a proposition 
directing a feasibility investigation, an amendment requiring the 
submission of legislation to implement that investigation (Dec. 14, 
1973, p. 41747); and to a section of a bill prescribing the functions of 
a new Federal Energy Administration by conferring wide discretionary 
powers upon the Administrator, an amendment directing the Administrator 
to issue preliminary summer guidelines for citizen fuel use (as a 
further delineation of those functions) (Mar. 6, 1974, p. 5436).

  A bill comprehensively addressing a subject requires careful analysis 
to determine whether an amendment addresses a different subject. For 
example, to an amendment in the nature of a substitute comprehensively 
amending several sections of the Clean Air Act with respect to the 
impact of shortages of energy resources on standards imposed under that 
Act, an amendment to another section of the Act suspending temporarily 
the authority of the Administrator of the EPA to control automobile 
emissions was held germane (Dec. 14, 1973, p. 41688). On the other hand, 
to a bill comprehensively restructuring the production and distribution 
of food, an amendment proposed in a motion to recommit to provide 
nutrition assistance, including food stamps and soup kitchen programs, 
was held not germane (Feb. 29, 1996, p. 3257).


[[Page 680]]

or exceptions that were related to the fundamental purpose of the bill 
(Aug. 2, 1973, pp. 27673-75; July 8, 1975, p. 21633; Sept. 29, 1980, pp. 
27832-52). On the other hand, an amendment may relate to the same 
subject matter yet still stray from adherence to a common fundamental 
purpose, by, for example, singling out one constituent element of a 
larger subject for specific and unrelated scrutiny (Aug. 3, 1999, p. --
--).


Sec. 933. Fundamental purpose as test of 
germaneness.

  The  fundamental purpose of an amendment must be germane to 
the fundamental purpose of the bill (VIII, 2911). The Chair discerns the 
fundamental purpose of a bill by examining the text of the bill and its 
report language (Deschler-Brown, vol. 10, ch. 28, sec. 5.6; Aug. 3, 
1999, p. ----), rather than the motives that circumstances may suggest 
(V, 5783, 5803; Dec. 13, 1973, pp. 41267-69; Aug. 15, 1974, p. 28438). 
To a bill that comprehensively addresses a subject matter, an amendment 
that relates to that subject matter may not be ruled out as nongermane 
merely because the amendment may be characterized as private legislation 
benefitting certain individuals offered to a public bill (May 30, 1984, 
p. 14495). Similarly, to a bill proposing to accomplish a result by 
methods comprehensive in scope, an amendment in the nature of a 
substitute seeking to achieve the same result was held germane where it 
was shown that additional provisions not contained in the original bill 
were merely incidental conditions


  In order to be germane, an amendment must not only have the same end 
as the matter sought to be amended, but must contemplate a method of 
achieving that end that is closely allied to the method encompassed in 
the bill or other matter sought to be amended (Aug. 11, 1970, p. 28165). 
Thus the following are germane: to a bill raising revenue by several 
methods of taxation, an amendment proposing a tax on undistributed 
profits (the Committee of the Whole overruling the Chair) (VII, 3042); 
to a proposition to accomplish a result through regulation by a 
governmental agency, an amendment to accomplish the same fundamental 
purpose through regulation by another governmental agency (Dec. 15, 
1937, pp. 1572-89; June 9, 1941, p. 4905; Dec. 19, 1973, p. 42618); to a 
bill to achieve a certain purpose by conferring discretionary authority 
to set fair labor standards upon an independent agency, an amendment in 
the nature of a substitute to attain that purpose by a more inflexible 
method (prescribing fair labor standards) (Dec. 15, 1937, pp. 1590-94; 
Oct. 14, 1987, p. 27885); to a proposition to accomplish the broad 
purpose of settling land claims of Alaska natives by a method general in 
scope, an amendment accomplishing the same purpose by a method more 
detailed in its provisions (Oct. 20, 1971, p. 37079); to an amendment 
comprehensively amending the Natural Gas Act to deregulate interstate 
sales of new natural gas and regulate aspects of intrastate gas use, a 
substitute providing regulatory authority for interstate and intrastate 
gas sales of large producers (Feb. 4, 1976, p. 2387); to a bill 
providing a temporary extension of existing authority, an amendment 
achieving the same purpose by providing a nominally permanent authority 
was held germane where both the bill and the amendment were based on 
reported economic projections under which either would achieve the same, 
necessarily temporary result by method of direct or indirect amendment 
to the same existing law (May 13, 1987, p. 12344); to a bill subjecting 
employers who fail to apprise their workers of health risks to penalties 
under other laws and regulations, a substitute subjecting such employers 
to penalties prescribed in the substitute itself (Oct. 14, 1987, p. 
27885); to an amendment freezing the obligation of funds for fiscal year 
1996 for missile defense until the Secretary of Defense rendered a 
specified readiness certification, an amendment permitting an increase 
in the obligation of such funds on the basis of legislative findings 
concerning readiness, as each proposition addressed the relationship 
between 1996 funding levels for missile defense and readiness (Feb. 15, 
1995, p. 5026).


[[Page 681]]

through government agencies, an amendment providing for relief to be 
made through the International Red Cross (Dec. 10, 1947, pp. 11242-44); 
to a bill to aid in the control of crime through research and training 
an amendment to accomplish that result through regulation of the sale of 
firearms (Aug. 8, 1967, pp. 21846-50); to a bill providing assistance to 
Vietnam war victims, amendments containing foreign policy declarations 
as to culpability in the Vietnam war (Apr. 23, 1975, p. 11510); to a 
bill conserving energy by civil penalties on manufacturers of autos with 
low gas mileage, an amendment conserving energy by tax rebates to 
purchasers of high-mileage autos (June 12, 1975, p. 18695); to a 
proposition whose fundamental purpose was registration and public 
disclosure by, but not regulation of the activities of, lobbyists, 
amendments prohibiting lobbying in certain places, restricting monetary 
contributions by lobbyists, and providing civil penalties for violating 
Rules of the House in relation to floor privileges (Sept. 28, 1976, p. 
33070) (but to a similar bill, an amendment requiring disclosure of any 
lobbying communication made on the floor of the House or Senate or in 
adjoining rooms, but not regulating such conduct, was held germane (Apr. 
26, 1978, p. 11641)); to a bill seeking to accomplish a purpose by one 
method (creation of an executive branch agency), an amendment 
accomplishing that result by a method not contemplated in the bill 
(creation of office within legislative branch as function of committee 
oversight) (Nov. 5, 1975, p. 35041); to a bill authorizing foreign 
military assistance programs, an amendment authorizing contributions to 
an international agency for nuclear missile inspections (Mar. 3, 1976, 
p. 5226); to a joint resolution proposing a constitutional amendment for 
representation of the District of Columbia in Congress, a motion to 
recommit with instructions that the Committee on the Judiciary consider 
a resolution retroceding populated portions of the District to Maryland 
(Speaker O'Neill, Mar. 2, 1978, p. 5272); to an amendment to achieve a 
national production goal for synthetic fuels for national defense needs 
by loans and grants and development of demonstration synthetic fuel 
plants, a substitute to require by regulation that any fuel sold in 
commerce require a certain percentage of synthetic fuels, as broader in 
scope and an unrelated method (June 26, 1979, pp. 16663-74); to a bill 
to provide financial assistance to domestic agriculture through price 
support payments, an amendment to protect domestic agriculture by 
restricting imports in competition therewith as proposing an unrelated 
method of assistance within the jurisdiction of another committee (Oct. 
14, 1981, p. 23899); to a bill authorizing financial assistance to 
unemployed individuals for employment opportunities, an amendment 
providing instead for tax incentives to stimulate employment as 
employing an unrelated method within the jurisdiction of a different 
committee of the House (Sept. 21, 1983, p. 25145); to a bill relating to 
one government agency, an amendment having as its fundamental purpose a 
change in the law relating to another agency, even though it 
contemplated a consultative role for the agency covered by the bill 
(July 8, 1987, p. 19014); to a proposition changing congressional budget 
procedures

[[Page 682]]

to require consideration of balanced budgets, an amendment changing 
concurrent resolutions on the budget to joint resolutions, bringing 
executive enforcement mechanisms into play (July 18, 1990, p. 17920); to 
a bill to promote technological advancement by fostering Federal 
research and development, and amendment exhorting to do so by changes in 
tax and antitrust laws (July 16, 1991, p. 18397); to a bill extending 
unemployment compensation benefits during a period of economic 
recession, an amendment to stimulate economic growth by tax incentives 
and regulatory reform (Sept. 17, 1991, p. 23156); an amendment to change 
a direct appropriation of new budget authority from the general fund 
into a reappropriation (in effect a rescission) of funds previously 
appropriated for an entirely different purpose in a special reserve 
account (Feb. 28, 1985, p. 4146); to a bill addressing substance abuse 
through prevention and treatment, an amendment imposing civil penalties 
on drug dealers (Sept. 16, 1998, p. ----); to a resolution impeaching 
the President, an amendment censuring the President (Dec. 19, 1998, p. 
----); to a bill authorizing a State attorney general to bring a civil 
action in Federal court against a person who has violated a State law 
regulating intoxicating liquor, an amendment singling out certain 
violations of liquor laws on the basis of their regard for any and all 
firearms issues (Aug. 3, 1999, p.----); to the same bill, an amendment 
creating new Federal laws to regulate intoxicating liquor (Aug. 3, 1999, 
p. ----).
  However, an amendment to accomplish a similar purpose by an unrelated 
method, not contemplated by the bill, is not germane. Thus, the 
following are not germane: to a bill providing relief to foreign 
countries


[[Page 683]]

(a rulemaking provision within the jurisdiction of the Committee on 
Rules) (Nov. 6, 1975, p. 35373); to a proposition reported from the 
Committee on Public Works and Transportation, authorizing funds for 
local public works employment, an amendment to mandate expenditure of 
already appropriated funds (as a purported disapproval of deferral of 
such funds under the Impoundment Control Act) and to set discount rates 
for reclamation and public works projects, subjects within the 
jurisdictions of the Committees on Appropriations and Interior and 
Insular Affairs (May 3, 1977, p. 13242); to a bill reported from the 
Committee on Armed Services authorizing military procurement and 
personnel strengths for one fiscal year, a proposition imposing 
permanent prohibitions and conditions on troop withdrawals from the 
Republic of Korea since including statements of policy within the 
jurisdiction of the Committee on Foreign Affairs (May 24, 1978, pp. 
15293-95); to a bill reported from the Committee on Government 
Operations creating a new department, transferring the administration of 
existing laws to it, and authorizing appropriations to carry out the Act 
subject to provisions in existing law, an amendment prohibiting the use 
of funds so authorized to carry out a designated funding program 
transferred to the department, where the purpose of the authorization is 
to allow appropriations in general appropriation bills for the 
department to carry out its functions but where changes in the laws to 
be administered by the department remain within the jurisdiction of 
other committees of the House (June 19, 1979, p. 15570); to a bill 
reported by the Committee on Public Works authorizing funds for highway 
construction and mass transportation systems using motor vehicles, an 
amendment relating to urban mass transit (then within the jurisdiction 
of the Committee on Banking and Currency) and the railroad industry 
(then within the jurisdiction of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign 
Commerce) (Oct. 5, 1972, p. 34115); to a bill reported from the 
Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs designating certain areas in a 
State as wilderness, an amendment providing unemployment benefits to 
workers displaced by the designation (a subject in the jurisdiction of 
other committees) (Mar. 21, 1983, p. 6347); to a bill reported from the 
Committee on Science and Technology authorizing environmental research 
and development activities of an agency, an amendment expressing the 
sense of Congress with respect to that agency's regulatory and 
enforcement authority, within the jurisdiction of the Committee on 
Energy and Commerce (Feb. 9, 1984, p. 2423); to a bill authorizing 
environmental research and development activities of an agency for two 
years, an amendment adding permanent regulatory authority for that 
agency by amending a law not within the jurisdiction of the committee 
reporting the bill (June 4, 1987, p. 14757); to a bill reported from the 
Committee on Education and Labor dealing with education, an amendment 
regulating telephone communications (a matter within the jurisdiction of 
the Committee on Energy and Commerce) (Apr. 19, 1988, p. 7355); to a 
bill addressing various research programs and authorities, an amendment 
addressing matters of fiscal and economic policy and regulation (July 
16,

[[Page 684]]

1991, p. 18391; Sept. 22, 1992, pp. 26734, 26741); to a bill reported 
from the Committee on Ways and Means addressing unemployment 
compensation, an amendment addressing stimuli for economic growth 
involving the jurisdictions of the Committees on Banking, Finance, and 
Urban Affairs and the Judiciary (Sept. 17, 1991, p. 23177); to a bill 
reported from the Committee on Armed Services amending several laws 
within that committee's jurisdiction on military procurement and policy, 
an amendment to the Renegotiation Act, a matter within the jurisdiction 
of the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs and not solely 
related to military contracts (June 26, 1985, pp. 17417-19) and an 
amendment requiring reports on Soviet Union compliance with arms control 
commitments, a matter exclusively within the jurisdiction of the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs (Deschler-Brown Precedents, vol. 10, ch. 
28, sec. 4.26); to a bill reported from the Committee on Energy and 
Commerce, relating to mentally ill individuals, an amendment prohibiting 
the use of general revenue sharing funds (within the jurisdiction of the 
Committee on Government Operations) (Jan. 30, 1986, p. 1053); to a bill 
reported from the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries authorizing 
various activities of the Coast Guard, an amendment urging the Secretary 
of State in consultation with the Coast Guard to elicit cooperation from 
other nations concerning certain Coast Guard and military operations (a 
matter within the jurisdiction of the Committee on Foreign Affairs) 
(July 8, 1987, p. 19013); to a bill reported by the Committee on 
Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs dealing with housing and community 
development grant and credit programs, an amendment expressing the sense 
of Congress on tax policy (the deductibility of mortgage interest), a 
matter within the jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means (Aug. 
1, 1990, p. 21256); to a bill reported from the Committee on Education 
and Labor authorizing a variety of civilian national service programs, 
an amendment establishing a contingent military service obligation (a 
matter within the selective service jurisdiction of the Committee on 
Armed Services) (July 28, 1993, p. 17398); to a bill reauthorizing 
programs administered by two agencies within one committee's 
jurisdiction, an amendment more general in scope affecting agencies 
within the jurisdiction of other committees (May 12, 1994, p. 10024); to 
a bill reported by the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure 
reforming and privatizing Amtrak, an amendment rescinding previously 
appropriated funds for certain administrative expenses, a matter within 
the jurisdiction of the Committee on Appropriations (Nov. 30, 1995, p. 
35071); to a measure expressing a sense of Congress with respect to the 
availability of public funds for expenses incurred in the evaluation of 
a problem, an amendment addressing legislative responses to that 
problem, within the jurisdiction of other committees (Feb. 4, 1998, p. 
----); to a bill reported from Government Reform and Oversight proposing 
to alter responsibilities of executive branch agencies under an existing 
law, an amendment proposing to extend the application of that law to 
entities of the legislative branch, a matter within the jurisdiction of 
the Committee on House Administration (Mar.

[[Page 685]]

12, 1998, p. ----); to a resolution authorizing the deployment of troops 
to implement a peace agreement within the jurisdiction of the Committee 
on International Relations, an amendment expressing support for the 
armed forces carrying such mission within the jurisdiction of both the 
Committees on Armed Services and International Relations (Mar. 11, 1999, 
p. ----); to a bill addressing certain diplomatic efforts to curb 
alleged price-fixing in the global oil market within the jurisdiction of 
the Committee on International Relations, an amendment proposing to 
suspend oil exportation through changes to the Mineral Leasing Act 
within the jurisdiction of the Committee on Resources and an amendment 
proposing to change the Energy Policy and Conservation Act to 
reauthorize Presidential authority to draw down the strategic petroleum 
reserve, a matter within the jurisdiction of the Committee on Commerce 
(Mar. 22, 2000, p. ----).


Sec. 934. Committee jurisdiction as test of 
germaneness.

  An  amendment when considered as a whole should be within the 
jurisdiction of the committee reporting the bill (Jan. 29, 1976, p. 
1582; July 25, 1979, pp. 20601-03; June 27, 1985, pp. 17417-19), 
although committee jurisdiction over the subject of an amendment and of 
the original bill is not the exclusive test of germaneness (Aug. 2, 
1973, pp. 27673-75), and the Chair relates the amendment to the bill in 
its perfected form (Aug. 17, 1972, p. 28913). Thus, the following are 
not germane: To a bill reported from the Committee on Agriculture 
providing price support programs for various agricultural commodities, 
an amendment repealing price control authority for all commodities under 
an act reported from the Committee on Banking and Currency (July 19, 
1973, p. 24950); to a bill reported from the Committee on Ways and Means 
providing for a temporary increase in the public debt ceiling for the 
current fiscal year (not directly amending the Second Liberty Bond Act), 
an amendment proposing permanent changes in that Act and also affecting 
budget and appropriation procedures (matters within the jurisdiction of 
other House committees) (Nov. 7, 1973, p. 36240); to a bill relating to 
intelligence activities of the executive branch, an amendment effecting 
a change in the Rules of the House by directing a committee to impose an 
oath of secrecy on its members and staff (May 1, 1991, p. 9669); to a 
bill reported by the Committee on Government Operations creating an 
executive agency to protect consumers, an amendment conferring on 
congressional committees with oversight over consumer protection the 
authority to intervene in judicial or administrative proceedings


  Committee jurisdiction is not the sole test of germaneness where: (1) 
the proposition to which the amendment is offered is so comprehensive 
(overlapping several committees' jurisdictions) as to diminish the 
pertinency of that test; (2) the amendment does not demonstrably affect 
a law within another committee's jurisdiction (July 21, 1976, p. 23167; 
Oct. 8, 1985, pp. 26548-51); (3) the portion of the bill also contains 
language, related to the amendment, not within the jurisdiction of the 
committee reporting the bill (Apr. 2, 1976, p. 9254; Aug. 10, 1984, p. 
23975); or (4) the bill has been amended to include matter within the 
jurisdiction of another committee thus permitting further similar 
amendments to be germane (July 11, 1985, p. 18601; Sept. 19, 1986, p. 
24769). Thus, to a bill reported from the Committee on Agriculture 
relating to the food stamp program, an amendment requiring the Secretary 
of the Treasury, after consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, 
to collect from certain recipients the monetary value of food stamps 
received was held germane since the performance of new duties by the 
Secretary of the Treasury and by the Internal Revenue Service not 
affecting the application of the Internal Revenue Code is not a matter 
solely within the jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means (July 
27, 1977, pp. 25249-52).

  To a bill amending an existing law to grant to merchant mariners 
benefits substantially equivalent to those granted to veterans in a 
separate law in the jurisdiction of another committee, an amendment 
directly changing the separate law to extend its benefits to merchant 
mariners was held not germane (Sept. 9, 1992, p. 23951); but where the 
pending bill incorporates by reference provisions of a law from another 
committee and conditions the bill's effectiveness upon actions taken 
pursuant to a section of that law, an amendment to alter that section of 
the law may be germane (Apr. 8, 1974, pp. 10108-10).


[[Page 686]]

However, the House may by adopting a special rule allow a point of order 
that a section of a committee amendment in the nature of a substitute 
would not have been germane if offered separately to the bill as 
introduced (May 23, 1978, pp. 15094-96; May 24, 1978, pp. 15293-95; Aug. 
11, 1978, p. 25705).
  The test of the germaneness of an amendment in the nature of a 
substitute for a bill is its relationship to the bill as a whole, and is 
not necessarily determined by the content of an incidental portion of 
the amendment which, if considered separately, might be within the 
jurisdiction of another committee (Aug. 2, 1973, p. 27673; June 1, 1976, 
pp. 16021-25).

  The fact that an amendment is offered in conjunction with a motion to 
recommit a bill with instructions does not affect the requirement that 
the subject matter of the amendment be germane and within the 
jurisdiction of the committee reporting the bill (Mar. 2, 1967, p. 
5155). Thus the following are not germane: to a bill reported from the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs addressing U.S. claims against Iraq, a 
motion to recommit with instructions to prohibit the admission of former 
members of Iraq's armed forces to the United States as refugees (a 
matter within the jurisdiction of the Committee on the Judiciary) is not 
germane (Apr. 28, 1994, p. 8803); and to a bill amending a law reported 
by the Committee on Banking and Financial Services opposing concessional 
loans to a country and outlining principles governing the conduct of 
industrial cooperation projects of U.S. nationals in that country, an 
amendment proposed in a motion to recommit waiving provisions of other 
law by requiring changes in tariff schedules to achieve overall trade 
reciprocity between that country and the United States, a subject within 
the jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means (Nov. 6, 1997, p. --
--).


[[Page 687]]

to sell two battleships and build a new battleship with the proceeds, a 
proposition to devote the proceeds to building wagon roads (VIII, 2973); 
to a bill authorizing a State attorney general to bring a civil action 
in Federal court against a person who has violated a State law 
regulating intoxicating liquor, an amendment singling out certain 
violations of liquor laws on the basis of their regard for any and all 
firearms issues (Aug. 3, 1999, p.----).


Sec. 935. Various tests of germaneness are not 
exclusive.

  The  standards by which the germaneness of an amendment may be 
measured, as set forth in Sec. Sec. 932-934, supra, are not exclusive; 
an amendment and the matter to which offered may be related to some 
degree under the tests of subject matter, purpose, and jurisdiction, and 
still not be considered germane under the precedents. Thus, the 
following have been held not to be germane: To a proposition relating to 
the terms of Senators, an amendment changing the manner of their 
election (V, 5882); to a bill relating to commerce between the States, 
an amendment relating to commerce within the several States (V, 5841); 
to a proposition to relieve destitute citizens of the United States in 
Cuba, a proposition declaring a state of war in Cuba and proclaiming 
neutrality (V, 5897); to a proposition for the appointment of a select 
committee to investigate a certain subject, an amendment proposing an 
inquiry of the executive on that subject (V, 5891); to a bill granting a 
right of way to a railroad, an amendment providing for the purchase of 
the railroad by the Government (V, 5887); to a provision for the 
erection of a building for a mint, an amendment to change the coinage 
laws (V, 5884); to a resolution proposing expulsion, an amendment 
proposing censure (VI, 236); to a resolution authorizing the 
administration of the oath to a Member-elect, an amendment authorizing 
such oath administration but adding several conditions of punishment 
predicated on acts committed in a prior Congress (Jan. 3, 1969, pp. 23-
25); to a general tariff bill, an amendment creating a tariff board (May 
6, 1913, p. 1234; Speaker Clark, May 8, 1913, p. 1381); to a proposition



[[Page 688]]

p. 17226); to an amendment exempting national defense budget authority 
from the reach of a proposed Presidential rescission authority, an 
amendment exempting social security (Feb. 2, 1995, p. 5501); to a Senate 
amendment striking an earmarking from an appropriation bill, a House 
amendment reinserting part of the amount but adding other earmarking for 
unrelated programs (Nov. 15, 1989, p. 29019); to a Senate amendment 
relating to a feasibility study of a land transfer in one State, a House 
amendment requiring an environmental study of land in another State 
(Nov. 15, 1989, p. 29035); to a bill prohibiting certain uses of 
polygraphy in the private sector, an amendment applying the terms of the 
bill to the Congress (Nov. 4, 1987, p. 30870); to a bill to determine 
the equitability of Federal pay practices under statutory systems 
applicable to agencies of the executive branch, an amendment to extend 
the scope of the determination to pay practices in the legislative 
branch (ruling sustained by Committee of Whole, Sept. 28, 1988, p. 
26422); to a special appropriation bill providing funds and authority 
for agricultural credit programs but containing no transfers of funds, 
reappropriations, or rescissions, an amendment (contained in a motion to 
recommit) deriving funds for the bill by transfer of unobligated 
balances in the Energy Security Reserve and thus decreasing and 
transferring funds provided for a program unrelated to the subject 
matter or method of funding provided in the bill (Feb. 28, 1985, p. 
4146); to a bill prohibiting importation of goods made in whole or in 
part by convict, pauper, or detained labor, or made in whole or in part 
from materials that have been made in whole or in part in any manner 
manipulated by convict or prison labor, an amendment prohibiting 
importation of goods produced by child labor, a second discrete class 
(VIII, 2963); similarly, to an amendment authorizing grants to States 
for purchase of one class of equipment (photographic and fingerprint 
equipment) for law enforcement purposes, an amendment including 
assistance for the purchase of a different class of equipment 
(bulletproof vests) (Oct. 12, 1979, pp. 28121-24); to a bill repealing 
section 14(b) of the National Labor Relations Act and making conforming 
changes in two related sections of labor law, all pertaining solely to 
the so-called ``right-to-work'' issue, an amendment excluding from the 
applicability of certain labor-management agreements members of 
religious groups (July 28, 1965, p. 18633); to a bill relating to the 
design of certain coin currency, an amendment specifying the metal 
content of other coin currency (Sept. 12, 1973, p. 29376); to a 
proposition to accomplish a single purpose without amending a certain 
existing law, an amendment to accomplish another individual purpose by 
changing that existing law (Dec. 14, 1973, pp. 41723-25); to a bill 
regulating poll closing time in Presidential general elections, an 
amendment extending its provisions to Presidential primary elections 
(Jan. 29, 1986, p. 684); to a bill authorizing grants to private 
entities furnishing health care to underserved populations, an amendment 
authorizing grants to States to control a public health hazard was held 
not germane as relating to a different category of recipient (Mar. 5, 
1986, p. 3604); to a bill siting a certain type of reposi

[[Page 689]]

tory for a specified kind of nuclear waste, an amendment prohibiting the 
construction at another site of another type of repository for another 
kind of nuclear waste (July 21, 1992, p. 18718); to a bill addressing 
violent crimes, an amendment addressing nonviolent crimes, such as 
crimes of fraud and deception or crimes against the environment (May 7, 
1996, pp. 10342, 10343); to a bill naming a facility after a specific 
person, an amendment proposing to substitute the name of a different 
person is not germane (VIII, 2955) where it could not be shown that the 
amendment intended a return to the facility's existing designation (Feb. 
4, 1998, p. ----); to a joint resolution addressing whether public funds 
should be available for specified endeavors of one group, an amendment 
addressing the same question for unrelated endeavors of another group 
(Feb. 4, 1998, p. ----); to a bill proposing to alter responsibilities 
of executive branch agencies under an existing law, an amendment 
proposing to extend the application of that law to entities of the 
legislative branch (Mar. 12, 1998. p. ----).


Sec. 936. One individual proposition not germane to 
another.

  One  individual proposition may not be amended by another 
individual proposition even though the two belong to the same class 
(VIII, 2951-2953, 2963-2966, 3047; Jan. 29, 1986, p. 684; Oct. 22, 1990, 
p. 32346; Oct. 24, 1991, p. 28561). Thus, the following are not germane: 
To a bill proposing the admission of one territory into the Union, an 
amendment for admission of another territory (V, 5529); to a bill 
amending a law in one particular, amending the law in another particular 
(VIII, 2949); to a proposition to appropriate or to authorize 
appropriations for only one year (and containing no provisions extending 
beyond that year), an amendment to extend the authorization or 
appropriation to another year (VIII, 2913; Nov. 13, 1980, pp. 29523-28; 
see also May 2, 1979, p. 9564; Oct. 12, 1979, pp. 28097-99); to a 
measure earmarking funds in an appropriation bill, an amendment 
authorizing the program for which the appropriation is made (Nov. 15, 
1989, p. 29019); to a bill for the relief of one individual, an 
amendment proposing similar relief for another (V, 5826-5829); to a 
resolution providing a special order for one bill, an amendment to 
include another bill (V, 5834-5836); to a provision for extermination of 
the cotton-boll weevil, an amendment including the gypsy moth (V, 5832); 
to a provision for a clerk for one committee, an amendment for a clerk 
to another committee (V, 5833); to a Senate amendment dealing with use 
of its contingent fund for art restoration in that body, a proposed 
House amendment for use of the House contingent fund for a similar but 
broader purpose (May 24, 1990, p. 12203); to a bill prohibiting 
transportation of messages relative to dealing in cotton futures, an 
amendment adding wheat, corn, etc. (VIII, 3001); to a bill prohibiting 
cotton futures, an amendment prohibiting wheat futures (VIII, 3001); to 
a bill for the relief of certain aliens, an amendment for the relief of 
other persons who are not aliens (May 14, 1975, p. 14360); to a bill 
providing relief for agricultural producers, an amendment extending such 
relief to commercial fishermen, another class within the jurisdiction of 
another committee (Apr. 24, 1978, p. 11080); to a bill governing the 
political activities of Federal civilian employees, an amendment to 
cover members of the uniformed services (June 7, 1977, p. 17713); to a 
bill covering the civil service system for Federal civilian employees, 
an amendment bringing other classes of employees (postal and District of 
Columbia employees) within the scope of the bill (Sept. 7, 1978, pp. 
28437-39; Oct. 9, 1985, pp. 26951-54); to a portion of an appropriation 
bill containing funds for a certain purpose to be expended by one 
agency, an amendment containing funds for another agency for the same 
purpose (July 24, 1981,



[[Page 690]]

use of funds appropriated for a fiscal year for a specified purpose, an 
amendment prohibiting the use of funds appropriated for that or any 
prior fiscal year for an unrelated purpose is not germane (June 30, 
1987, p. 18294); to a proposition providing for a training vessel for 
one state maritime academy, an amendment relating to training vessels 
for all state maritime academies is not germane (June 30, 1987, p. 
18296); to a proposition waiving a requirement in existing law that an 
authorizing law be enacted prior to the obligation of certain funds, an 
amendment affirmatively enacting bills containing not only that 
authorization but also other policy matters (Sept. 28, 1988, p. 26108); 
to a proposition pertaining only to a certain appropriation account in a 
bill, an amendment relating not only to that account but also to funds 
in other acts (Sept. 30, 1988, p. 27148); to a proposition raising an 
employment ceiling for one year, an amendment proposing also to address 
in permanent law a hiring preference system for such employees (Oct. 11, 
1989, p. 24089); to an omnibus farm bill, with myriad programs to 
improve agricultural economy, an amendment to the Animal Welfare Act but 
not limited to agricultural pursuits (Aug. 1, 1990, p. 21573); to a bill 
authorizing Federal funding for qualifying State national service 
programs, an amendment conditioning a portion of such funding on the 
enactment of State laws immunizing volunteers in nonprofit or public 
programs, generally, from certain legal liabilities (July 28, 1993, p. 
17401); to an amendment addressing particular educational requirements 
imposed on educational agencies by the underlying bill, an amendment 
addressing any requirements imposed on educational agencies by the 
underlying bill (Mar. 21, 1994, p. 5771); to a bill reauthorizing 
programs administered by the Economic Development Administration and the 
Appalachian Regional Commission, an amendment providing for the waiver 
of any Federal regulation that would interfere with economic development 
(May 12, 1994, p. 10024); to a bill prohibiting a certain class of 
abortion procedures, an amendment prohibiting any or all abortion 
procedures (Mar. 20, 1997, p. ----); to a bill addressing a class of 
imported goods (those produced by forced labor), an amendment addressing 
all imported goods from one specified country (Nov. 5, 1997, p. ----); 
and to a general appropriation bill, an amendment in the form of a 
limitation on funds therein for activities unrelated to the functions of 
departments and agencies addressed by the bill (July 10, 2000, p. ----).


Sec. 937. A general provision not germane to a specific 
subject.

  A  specific subject may not be amended by a provision general in 
nature, even when of the class of the specific subject (V, 5843-5846; 
VIII, 2997, 2998; July 31, 1985, pp. 21832-34; see also Procedure, ch. 
28, sec. 8). Thus the following are not germane: To a bill for the 
admission of one territory into the Union, an amendment providing for 
the admission of several other territories (V, 5837); to a bill relating 
to all corporations engaged in interstate commerce, an amendment 
relating to all corporations (V, 5842); to a bill proscribing certain 
picketing in the District of Columbia, an amendment making the 
provisions thereof applicable throughout the United States (Aug. 22, 
1966, p. 20113); to a joint resolution proposing an amendment to the 
Constitution prohibiting the United States or any State from denying 
persons 18 years of age or older the right to vote, an amendment 
requiring the United States and all States to treat persons 18 years and 
older as having reached the age of majority for all purposes under the 
law (Mar. 23, 1971, p. 7567); to a bill dealing with enforcement of 
United Nations sanctions against one country in relation to a specific 
trade commodity, an amendment imposing United States sanctions against 
all countries for all commodities and communications (Mar. 14, 1977, p. 
7446); to a bill to enable the Department of HEW to investigate and 
prosecute fraud and abuse in medicare and medicaid health programs, an 
amendment to prohibit any officer or employee from disclosing any 
identifiable medical record absent patient approval (Sept. 23, 1977, pp. 
30534-35); to an amendment to a budget resolution changing one 
functional category only, an amendment changing several other categories 
and covering an additional fiscal year (May 2, 1979, pp. 9556-64); to a 
bill authorizing funds for radio broadcasting to Cuba, an amendment 
broadening the bill to include broadcasting to all dictatorships in the 
Caribbean Basin (Aug. 10, 1982, p. 20256); to a bill relating to 
aircraft altitude over units of the National Park System, an amendment 
relating to aircraft collision avoidance generally (Sept. 18, 1986, p. 
24084); to a proposition prohibiting the



[[Page 691]]

government agencies for a temporary period, an amendment permanently 
changing existing law to cover a broader range of government activities 
(May 5, 1988, p. 9938); and to a joint resolution continuing funding 
within one executive department, neither an amendment addressing funding 
for other departments nor one addressing the compensation of Federal 
employees on government-wide bases (Dec. 20, 1995, pp. 37886, 37888).
  To a bill limited in its applicability to certain departments and 
agencies of government, an amendment applicable to all departments and 
agencies is not germane (Sept. 27, 1967, p. 26957). Thus, the following 
are not germane: to a bill establishing an office without regulatory 
authority in the Department of the Interior to manage biological 
information, an amendment addressing requirements of compensation for 
constitutional takings by other regulatory agencies (Oct. 26, 1993, p. 
26076); to a bill amending an authority of an agency under an existing 
law, an amendment independently expressing the sense of Congress on 
regulatory agencies generally (May 14, 1992, p. 11287); to a proposition 
authorizing activities of certain

  To a bill modifying an existing law as to one specific particular, an 
amendment relating to the terms of the law other than those dealt with 
by the bill is not germane (V, 5806-5808). Thus, the following are not 
germane: to a bill amending the war-time prohibition act in one 
particular, an amendment repealing that act (VIII, 2949); to a 
proposition temporarily suspending certain requirements of the Clean Air 
Act, an amendment temporarily suspending other requirements of all other 
environmental protection laws (Dec. 14, 1973, p. 41751); to an amendment 
striking from a bill one activity from those covered by the law being 
amended, a substitute striking out the entire subsection of the bill, 
thereby eliminating the applicability of existing law to a number of 
activities (Sept. 23, 1982, p. 24963); to a bill amending an existing 
law to authorize a program, an amendment restricting authorizations 
under that or any other act (Dec. 10, 1987, p. 34676); to a bill 
proposing a temporary change in law, an amendment making permanent 
changes in that law (Nov. 19, 1991, p. 32893); and to a bill amending an 
existing law in one particular, an amendment amending other laws and 
more comprehensive in scope (Nov. 19, 1993, pp. 30513, 30515, 30517).

  A bill dealing with an individual proposition but rendered general in 
its scope by amendment is then subject to further amendment by 
propositions of the same class (VIII, 3003). While a specific 
proposition covering a defined class may not be amended by a proposition 
more general in scope, the Chair may consider all pending provisions 
being read for amendment in determining the generality of the class 
covered by that proposition (Jan. 30, 1986, p. 1051).


[[Page 692]]

a third category of the same class (Nov. 27, 1967, p. 33769); to a 
proposition providing for prepayment of loans by those within a certain 
class of borrowers who meet a specified criterion, a proposed House 
amendment eliminating the criterion to broaden the applicability of the 
Senate amendment to additional borrowers within the same class (June 30, 
1987, p. 18308); to an amendment addressing a range of criminal 
prohibitions, an amendment addressing another criminal prohibition 
within that range (Oct. 17, 1991, p. 26767); to a bill addressing 
violent crimes, an amendment addressing violent crimes involving the 
environment (May 7, 1996, p. 10344).


Sec. 938. Specific subjects germane to general propositions 
of the class.

  A  general subject may be amended by specific propositions 
of the same class (VIII, 3002, 3009, 3012; see also Procedure, ch. 28, 
sec. 9). Thus, the following have been held to be germane: To a bill 
admitting several territories into the Union, an amendment adding 
another territory (V, 5838); to a bill providing for the construction of 
buildings in each of two cities, an amendment providing for similar 
buildings in several other cities (V, 5840); to a resolution embodying 
two distinct phases of international relationship, an amendment 
embodying a third (V, 5839); to an amendment prohibiting indirect 
assistance to several countries, an amendment to include additional 
countries within that prohibition (Aug. 3, 1978, p. 24244); to a portion 
of a bill providing two categories of economic assistance to foreign 
countries, an amendment adding a further specific category (Apr. 9, 
1979, pp. 7755-57); to a bill bringing two new categories within the 
coverage of existing law, an amendment to include


  Where a bill seeks to accomplish a general purpose (support of arts 
and humanities) by diverse methods, an amendment that adds a specific 
method to accomplish that result (artist employment through National 
Endowment for the Arts) may be germane (Apr. 26, 1976, p. 11101; see 
also June 12, 1979, p. 14460). However, to a resolution authorizing a 
class of employees in the service of the House, an amendment providing 
for the employment of a specified individual was held not to be germane 
(V, 5848-5849). Other examples of amendments that have been held to be 
germane under this theory include: to a proposition relating in many 
diverse respects to the political rights of the people of the District 
of Columbia, an amendment conferring upon that electorate the additional 
right of electing a nonvoting Delegate to the Senate (Oct. 10, 1973, p. 
33656); to a bill containing definitions of several of the terms used 
therein, an amendment modifying one of the definitions and adding 
another (Sept. 26, 1967, p. 26878); to a bill authorizing a broad 
program of research and development, an amendment directing specific 
emphasis in the administration of the program (Dec. 19, 1973, p. 42607); 
to a bill providing for investigation of relationships between 
environmental pollution and cancer, an amendment to investigate the 
impact of personal health habits, such as cigarette smoking, on that 
relationship (Sept. 15, 1976, pp. 30496-98); to a supplemental 
appropriation bill containing funds for several departments and 
agencies, an amendment in the form of a new chapter providing funds for 
capital outlays for subway construction in the District of Columbia (May 
11, 1971, p. 14437); to a proposal authorizing military procurement, 
including purchase of food supplies, an amendment authorizing 
establishment that fiscal year of a military preparedness grain reserve, 
as a more specific authorization (July 20, 1982, pp. 17073, 17074, 
17092, 17093).


[[Page 693]]

1976, p. 13532). To a bill narrowly amending an anti-discrimination 
provision in the Education Amendments of 1972 only to clarify the 
definition of a discriminating entity subject to the statutory penalties 
(denial of Federal funding), amendments re-defining a class of 
discrimination (sex), expanding the definition of persons who are the 
subject of discrimination (to include the unborn), and deeming a new 
entity (Congress) to be a recipient of Federal assistance (a class not 
necessarily covered by the class covered by the bill), were ruled not to 
be germane (June 26, 1984, pp. 18847, 18857, 18861). But to the same 
bill, an amendment merely defining a word used in the bill was held 
germane (June 26, 1984, p. 18865). Unless a bill so extensively amends 
existing law as to open up the entire law to amendment, the germaneness 
of an amendment to the bill depends on its relationship to the subject 
of the bill and not to the entire law being amended (Oct. 28, 1975, p. 
34031). But a bill amending several sections of an existing law may be 
sufficiently broad to permit amendments that are germane to other 
sections of that law not mentioned in the bill (Feb. 19, 1975, p. 3596; 
Sept. 14, 1978, p. 29487). To a bill continuing and re-enacting an 
existing law amendments germane to the existing act sought to be 
continued have been held germane to the pending bill (VIII, 2940, 2941, 
2950, 3028; Oct. 31, 1963, p. 20728; June 1, 1976, p. 16045); but where 
a bill merely extends an official's authority under existing law, an 
amendment permanently amending that law has been held not in order 
(Sept. 29, 1969, pp. 27341-43). Thus where a bill authorized 
appropriations to an agency for one year but did not amend the organic 
law by extending the existence of that agency, an amendment extending 
the life of another entity mentioned in the organic law was held not 
germane (May 20, 1976, p. 14912). An amendment making permanent changes 
in the law relating to organization of an agency is not germane to a 
title of a bill only authorizing appropriations for such agency for one 
fiscal year (Nov. 29, 1979, p. 34090); to a general appropriation bill 
providing funds for one fiscal year, an amendment changing a permanent 
appropriation in existing law and changing congressional procedures for 
consideration of that general appropriation bill in future years is more 
general in scope and in part within the jurisdiction of the Committee on 
Rules and therefore is not germane (June 29, 1987, p. 18083); and to a 
temporary authorization bill prescribing the use of an agency's funds 
for two years but not amending permanent law, an amendment permanently 
changing the organic law governing that agency's operations is not 
germane (Dec. 2, 1982, p. 28537, concerning Sept. 28, 1982, p. 25465). 
However, to a bill authorizing appropriations for a department for one 
fiscal year, where the effect of the department's activities pursuant to 
that authorization may extend beyond such year, an amendment directing a 
specific use of those funds to perform an activity that may not be 
completed within the fiscal year was nevertheless germane, since limited 
to funds in the bill (Oct. 18, 1979, p. 28763). Similarly, to a one-year 
authorization bill containing diverse limitations and directions to the 
agency in question during such year, an amendment

[[Page 694]]

further directing the agency to obtain information from the private 
sector, and to make such information public during such year, was held 
germane (Oct. 18, 1979, pp. 28815-17). While an amendment making a 
permanent change in existing law has been held not germane to a bill 
proposing a temporary change in that law, where it is apparent that the 
fundamental purpose of the amendment is to have only temporary effect 
and to accomplish the same result as the bill it may be germane. Thus to 
a bill providing a temporary extension of existing authority, an 
amendment achieving the same purpose by providing a nominally permanent 
authority was held germane where both the bill and the amendment were 
based on reported economic projections under which either would achieve 
the same, necessarily temporary result by method of direct or indirect 
amendment to the same existing law (May 13, 1987, p. 12344). However, to 
a proposal continuing the availability of appropriated funds and also 
imposing diverse legislative conditions upon the availability of 
appropriations, an amendment directly and permanently changing existing 
law as to the eligibility of recipients of funds was held to be 
nongermane (Dec. 10, 1981, pp. 30536-38). To a bill extending an 
existing law in modified form, an amendment proposing further 
modification of that law may be germane (Apr. 23, 1969, p. 10067; Feb. 
19, 1975, p. 3596). But to a bill amending a law in one particular, an 
amendment repealing the law is not germane (Jan. 14, 1964, p. 423). To a 
bill amending a general law in several particulars, an amendment 
providing for the repeal of the whole law was held germane (V, 5824), 
but the bill amending the law must so vitally affect the whole law as to 
bring the entire act under consideration before the Chair will hold an 
amendment repealing the law or amending any section of the law germane 
to the bill (VIII, 2944; Apr. 2, 1924, p. 5437). Where a bill repeals a 
provision of law, an amendment modifying that provision rather than 
repealing it may be germane (Oct. 30, 1969, p. 32466); but the 
modification must relate to the provision of law being repealed (July 
28, 1965, p. 18636). Generally to a bill amending one existing law, an 
amendment changing the provisions of another law or prohibiting 
assistance under any other law is not germane (May 11, 1976, p. 13419; 
Aug. 12, 1992, p. 23238). To a bill amending the Bretton Woods Act in 
relation to the International Monetary Fund, an amendment prohibiting 
the alienation of gold to the IMF or to any other international 
organization or its agents was held not germane (July 27, 1976, p. 
24040). However, to a bill comprehensively amending several laws within 
the same class, an amendment further amending one of those laws on a 
subject within that class is germane (May 12, 1976, p. 13530); and to a 
bill authorizing funding for the intelligence community for one fiscal 
year and making diverse changes in permanent laws relating thereto, an 
amendment changing another permanent law to address accountability for 
intelligence activities was held germane (Oct. 17, 1990, p. 30171). To a 
title of a bill dealing with a number of unrelated authorities of the 
Secretary of Agriculture, an amendment amending another act within the 
jurisdiction of the Committee on Agriculture to require

[[Page 695]]

the adoption of a minimum standard for the contents of ice cream was 
held germane since restricted to the authority of the Secretary of 
Agriculture (July 22, 1977, pp. 24558-70). But to a section of a bill 
amending a section of the National Labor Relations Act dealing with 
procedural rules governing labor elections and organizations, an 
amendment changing the same section of law to require promulgation of 
rules defining certain conduct as an unfair labor practice was held not 
germane, where neither the pending section nor the bill itself addressed 
the subject of unfair labor practices dealt with in another section of 
the law (Oct. 5, 1977, p. 32507). To a bill narrowly amending one 
subsection of existing law dealing with one specific criminal activity, 
an amendment postponing the effective date of the entire section, 
affecting other criminal provisions and classes of persons as well as 
the one amended by the bill, or an amendment to another subsection of 
the law dealing with a related but separate prohibition was held not 
germane (May 16, 1979, pp. 11470-72), but to an amendment adding sundry 
punitive sections to the Federal criminal code, an amendment creating an 
exception to the prohibition of another such section was held germane 
(Oct. 17, 1991, p. 26767).


Sec. 939. Amendments to bills amending existing law.

  To  a 
bill amending a general law on a specific point an amendment relating to 
the terms of the law rather than to those of the bill was ruled not to 
be germane (V, 5808; VIII, 2707, 2708); thus a bill amending several 
sections of one title of the United States Code does not necessarily 
bring the entire title under consideration so as to permit an amendment 
to any portion thereof (Oct. 11, 1967, p. 28649), and where a bill 
amends existing law in one narrow particular, an amendment proposing to 
modify such existing law in other particulars will generally be ruled 
out as not germane (Aug. 16, 1967, p. 22768; VIII, 2709, 2839, 3013, 
3031; May 12,



[[Page 696]]

age of funds authorized by other acts as long as the amendment does not 
directly affect the use of other funds (July 26, 1973, p. 26210); to a 
bill authorizing certain housing programs, an amendment restricting the 
amounts of direct spending in the bill to the levels set in the 
concurrent resolution on the budget as merely a measure of availability 
of funds in the bill and not a provision directly affecting the 
congressional budget process (June 11, 1987, p. 15540); to a proposition 
restricting the availability of funds to a certain category of 
recipients, an amendment further restricting the availability of funds 
to a subcategory of the same recipients (Sept. 25, 1979, pp. 26135-43); 
to a bill authorizing appropriations for an agency, an amendment 
prohibiting the use of funds for any purpose to which the funds may 
otherwise be applied (Nov. 5, 1981, p. 26716); an amendment that 
conditions the availability of funds covered by a bill by adopting as a 
measure of their availability the monthly increases in the public debt 
as long as the amendment does not directly affect other provisions of 
law or impose unrelated contingencies (Sept. 25, 1979, pp. 26150-52); to 
a bill authorizing defense assistance to a foreign nation, an amendment 
delaying the availability of that assistance until that nation's former 
ambassador testified before a House committee, which had been directed 
by the House to investigate gifts by that nation's representatives to 
influence Members and employees, as a contingency that sought to compel 
the furnishing of information related to efforts to induce defense 
assistance to that nation (Aug. 2, 1978, p. 23932); to a provision 
authorizing funds for a fiscal year, an amendment restricting the 
availability of funds appropriated pursuant thereto for a specified 
purpose until enactment of a subsequent law authorizing that purpose 
(July 21, 1983, p. 20198); to a bill authorizing humanitarian and 
evacuation assistance to war refugees, an amendment making such 
authorization contingent on a report to Congress on costs of a portion 
of the evacuation program (but not requiring implementation of any new 
program) (Apr. 23, 1975, p. 11529); and to an amendment precluding the 
availability of an authorization for part of a fiscal year and then 
permitting availability for the remainder of the year based upon a 
contingency, an amendment constituting a prohibition on the availability 
of the same funds for the entire fiscal year (May 16, 1984, p. 12567).


Sec. 940. Amendments imposing conditions, 
qualifications, and limitations.

  Restrictions,  qualifications, and limitations 
sought to be added by way of amendment must be germane to the provisions 
of the bill. Conditioning the availability of funds may be germane if 
the condition is related to the general purpose and within the scope of 
the pending proposition (Deschler-Brown Precedents, vol. 11, ch. 28, 
secs. 29-34). Thus, the following are germane: to a bill authorizing the 
funding of a variety of programs that satisfy several stated 
requirements in order to accomplish a general purpose, an amendment 
conditioning the availability of those funds upon implementation by 
their recipients of another program related to that general purpose 
(June 18, 1973, p. 20100); to a bill authorizing funds for military 
procurement and construction, an amendment declaring that none of the 
funds be used to carry out military operations in North Vietnam (Mar. 2, 
1967, p. 5143); an amendment to an authorization bill that conditions 
the expenditure of funds covered by the bill by restricting their 
availability during months in which there is an increase in the public 
debt, as long as the amendment does not directly affect other provisions 
of law or impose contingencies textually predicated upon other unrelated 
actions of Congress (Sept. 25, 1979, pp. 26150-52); an amendment 
proposing a conditional restriction on the availability of funds to 
carry out an activity, that merely requires observation of similar 
activities of another country, which similar conduct already constitutes 
the policy basis for the funding of that governmental activity (May 16, 
1984, p. 12510); an amendment restricting the payment of Federal funds 
in a bill to States that enact certain laws relating to the activities 
being funded (July 28, 1993, p. 17403); an amendment that conditions the 
availability of funds authorized in the bill by adopting as a measure of 
their availability the expenditure during the fiscal year of a 
comparable percent



[[Page 697]]

the subjects of narcotics and the accessibility of Federal agencies are 
not contained in the bill (June 17, 1971, p. 20589); to a bill 
authorizing funds for foreign assistance, an amendment placing 
restrictions on funds authorized or appropriated in prior years (Aug. 
24, 1967, p. 24002); to an amendment changing a dollar amount in a bill, 
a substitute therefor not only changing the figure but also restricting 
the use of any funds in furtherance of a certain activity (June 7, 1972, 
p. 19920); to a proposal to restrict availability of agency funds for a 
year and amending the organic law as it relates to the internal 
functions thereof, an amendment further restricting funding but also 
applying with respect to the use of funds in the bill provisions of 
criminal and other laws not applicable thereto (Oct. 26, 1989, p. 
26269); to a provision prohibiting aid to a certain country unless 
certain conditions were met, an amendment prohibiting aid to another 
country until that nation took certain acts, and referring to funds 
provided in other acts (Nov. 17, 1967, p. 32968); and an amendment 
conditioning the availability of funds to certain recipients based upon 
their compliance with Federal law not otherwise applicable to them and 
within the jurisdiction of other House committees (conditioning defense 
funds for procurement contracts with foreign contractors on their 
compliance with domestic law regarding discrimination) (June 16, 1983, 
p. 16060).
  On the other hand, the following conditions on the availability of 
funds are not germane: an amendment conditioning the use of funds on the 
conduct of congressional hearings addressing an unrelated subject (July 
22, 1994, p. 17613); to a proposition conditioning the availability of 
funds upon the enactment of an authorizing statute for the enforcing 
agency, a substitute conditioning the availability of some of those 
funds upon a prohibition of certain imports into the United States, a 
contingency unrelated to that to which offered (Nov. 7, 1985, p. 30984); 
to a bill authorizing funds for military assistance to certain foreign 
countries, an amendment to make the availability of those funds 
contingent upon efforts by those countries to control narcotic traffic 
to the United States, and to authorize the President to offer the 
assistance of Federal agencies for that purpose, where

  An amendment to a general appropriation bill in the form of a 
limitation on funds therein for activities unrelated to the functions of 
departments and agencies addressed by the bill is not germane (July 10, 
2000, p. ----).

  An amendment delaying the availability of authorizations pending 
unrelated determinations involving agencies and committee jurisdictions 
not within the purview of the bill is also not germane (Feb. 7, 1973, p. 
3708; July 8, 1981, p. 15010; July 9, 1981, p. 15218). Thus, the 
following are not germane: to a bill authorizing military assistance to 
Israel and funds for a U.N. emergency force in the Middle East, an 
amendment postponing the availability of funds to Israel until the 
President certifies the existence of a designated level of domestic 
energy supplies (Dec. 11, 1973, p. 40837); an amendment delaying the 
availability of an appropriation pending the enactment of certain 
revenue legislation (Oct. 25, 1979, p. 29639); to a bill authorizing 
radio broadcasting to Cuba, an amendment prohibiting the use of those 
funds until Congress has considered a constitutional amendment mandating 
a balanced budget (Aug. 10, 1982, p. 20250).


[[Page 698]]

had made restitution of a designated amount of money is not germane 
(Oct. 2, 1974, p. 33620). On the other hand, to a general appropriation 
bill providing funds for the Department of Agriculture and including 
specific allocation of funds for pest control, an amendment was germane 
that prohibited the use of funds for use of pesticides prohibited by 
State or local law (May 26, 1969, p. 13753).
  Similarly, while it may be in order on a general appropriation bill to 
delay the availability of certain funds therein if the contingency does 
not impose new duties on executive officials, the contingency must be 
related to the funds being withheld and cannot affect other funds in the 
bill not related to that factual situation (VII, 1596, 1600), may not be 
made applicable to a trust fund provided (IV, 4017), or may not be made 
applicable to money appropriated in other acts (IV, 3927, VIII, 1495, 
1597-1599). Thus, to a general appropriation bill containing funds not 
only for a former President but also for other departments and agencies, 
an amendment delaying the availability of all funds in the bill until 
the former President

  It is not in order to amend a bill to delay the effectiveness of the 
legislation pending an unrelated contingency (VIII, 3035, 3037). Thus 
the following are not germane: An amendment delaying the bill's 
effectiveness pending unrelated determinations involving agencies and 
committee jurisdictions not within the purview of the bill (Feb. 7, 
1973, p. 3708; July 8, 1981, p. 15010; July 9, 1981, p. 15218); an 
amendment delaying the bill's effectiveness pending enactment of 
unrelated State legislation (June 29, 1967, p. 17921; July 28, 1993, p. 
17401); to a bill proposing relief for women and children in Germany, an 
amendment delaying the effectiveness of such relief until a soldier's 
compensation act shall have been enacted (VIII, 3035); to a bill naming 
an airport, an amendment conditioning the naming on approval by an 
entity without jurisdiction over the administration of the airport (Feb. 
4, 1998, p. ----). On the other hand, the following are germane: an 
amendment delaying operation of a proposed enactment pending an 
ascertainment of a fact when the fact to be ascertained relates to the 
subject matter of the bill (VIII, 3029; Dec. 15, 1982, pp. 30957-61); an 
amendment postponing the effective date of a title of a bill to a date 
certain (July 25, 1973, p. 25828); to a provision to become effective 
immediately, an amendment deferring the time at which it shall become 
effective, without involving affirmative legislation (VIII, 3030).


[[Page 699]]

stitute providing for a study to determine the feasibility of 
undertaking the same type of program, as a more limited approach 
involving the same agency (June 26, 1985, pp. 17453, 17458, 17460) (in 
effect overruling VIII, 2989); and to a bill limiting an official's 
authority to construe legal authorities transferred to him in the bill, 
an amendment further restricting his authority to construe under any 
circumstances certain other laws to be administered by him (as an 
additional, although more restrictive, curtailment of existing 
authorities transferred by the bill) (June 11, 1979, pp. 14226-38).
  Where a proposition confers broad discretionary power on an executive 
official, an amendment is germane which directs that official to take 
certain actions in the exercise of the authority or proposes to limit 
such authority (VIII, 3022). Thus the following are germane: to an 
amendment in the nature of a substitute authorizing the Federal Energy 
Administrator to restrict exports of certain energy resources, an 
amendment directing that official to prohibit the exportation of 
petroleum products for use in Indochina military operations (Dec. 14, 
1973, p. 41753); to a provision conferring Presidential authority to 
establish priorities among users of petroleum products and requiring 
priority to education and transportation users, an amendment restricting 
such regulatory authority by requiring that petroleum products allocated 
for public school transportation be used only between the student's home 
and the closest school (Dec. 13, 1973, pp. 41267-69); to a bill 
extending the authorities of one government agency, including 
requirements for consultation with several other agencies, an amendment 
requiring that agency to perform a function based upon an analysis 
furnished by yet another agency, as an additional limitation on the 
authority of the agency being extended which did not separately mandate 
the performance of an unrelated function by another entity (July 27, 
1978, p. 23107); to a proposition authorizing a program to be 
undertaken, a sub

  An amendment providing a privileged procedure for expedited review of 
an agency's regulations is not germane where the bill does not contain 
such procedures (Aug. 13, 1982, pp. 20969, 20975-78). On the other hand 
to a bill authorizing an agency to undertake certain activities, an 
amendment allowing Congress to disapprove regulations issued pursuant 
thereto if the disapproval mechanism does not amend the rules or 
procedures of the House is germane (May 4, 1976, p. 12348); and to a 
bill directing the furnishing of certain intelligence information to the 
House without amending any House procedure, an amendment imposing 
relevant conditions of security on the handling of such information in 
committee (also without amending any House procedure) for the period 
covered by the bill is also germane (June 11, 1991, p. 14204).

  It is germane to condition or restrict assistance to a particular 
class of recipient covered by the underlying measure. Thus, the 
following are germane: to a bill providing aid to shipping, an amendment 
to limit such aid to ships equipped with saving devices (VIII, 3027); to 
a bill authorizing the insurance of vessels, an amendment denying such 
insurance to vessels charging exorbitant rates (VIII, 3023); to a 
proposition denying benefits to recipients failing to meet a certain 
qualification, a substitute denying the same benefits to some recipients 
but excepting others (July 28, 1982, pp. 18355-58, 18361). While a bill 
relating to benefits based on indemnification of liability arising out 
of an activity does not ordinarily admit as germane amendments relating 
to regulation of that activity, an amendment conditioning benefits upon 
agreement by its recipient to be governed by certain safety regulations 
may be germane if related to the activity giving rise to the liability 
(July 29, 1987, p. 21448). On the other hand, it is not germane to 
condition or restrict assistance to a particular class of recipient upon 
a related contingency such as action or inaction by another class of 
recipient or agent not covered by the bill (Mar. 5, 1986, p. 3613).


[[Page 700]]

  To a bill not only granting consent of Congress to an interstate 
compact but also imposing conditions on the granting of that consent, an 
amendment stating an additional related condition to that consent and 
not directly changing the compact may be germane (Oct. 7, 1997, p. ----
). To a bill regulating immigration, an amendment providing that the 
operation of the act should not conflict with an agreement with Japan is 
not germane (VIII, 3050).


Readings
  Amendments providing exceptions or exemptions must also be within the 
scope of the proposition. Thus, to a bill requiring that a certain 
percentage of autos sold in the United States be manufactured 
domestically, and imposing an import restriction for autos on persons 
violating that requirement, an amendment waiving those restrictions with 
respect to a foreign nation where the President has issued a 
proclamation that that nation is not imposing unfair import restrictions 
on any United States product was held not germane, dealing with overall 
trade issues rather than domestic content requirement for autos sold in 
the United States (Nov. 2, 1983, p. 30776). However, an amendment to the 
same bill prohibiting its implementation if resulting in United States 
violation to resolve conflicts under those agreements, was held germane 
since the bill already comprehensively addressed those subject matters 
by disclaiming any purpose to amend international agreements or to 
confer court jurisdiction relative thereto, and by conferring court 
jurisdiction over adjudication of penalties assessed under the bill 
(Nov. 2, 1983, p. 30546). Similarly, the following are germane: to a 
bill providing for the deportation of aliens, an amendment to exempt a 
portion of such aliens from deportation (VIII, 3029); to a bill 
prohibiting the issuance of injunctions by the courts in labor disputes, 
an amendment to except all labor disputes affecting public utilities 
(VIII, 3024).



Sec. 941. Reading, engrossment, and passage of bills.

  8.  Bills 
and joint resolutions are subject to readings as follows:


      (a) A first reading is in full when the bill or joint resolution 
is first considered.

      (b) A second reading occurs only when the bill or joint resolution 
is read for amendment in a Committee of the Whole House on the state of 
the Union under clause 5 of rule XVIII.


[[Page 701]]

title and then the question shall be put on its passage.

      (c) A third reading precedes passage when the Speaker states the 
question: ``Shall the bill [or joint resolution] be engrossed [when 
applicable] and read a third time?'' If that question is decided in the 
affirmative, then the bill or joint resolution shall be read the final 
time by

  This provision (former clause 1 of rule XXI) rule was adopted in 1789, 
amended in 1794, 1880 (IV, 3391), and on Jan. 4, 1965 (H. Res. 8, 89th 
Cong.). This latest amendment eliminated the provision which permitted a 
Member to demand the reading in full of the engrossed copy of a House 
bill. Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 1 of rule XXI. The recodification 
also clarified paragraphs (a) and (b) to reflect the modern practice of 
first and second readings (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



Sec. 942. First and second readings.

  Formerly a  bill was 
read for the first time by title at the time of its introduction, but 
since 1890 all bills have been introduced by filing them with the Clerk, 
thus rendering a reading by title impossible at that time (IV, 3391). 
But the titles of all bills introduced are printed in the Journal and 
Record, thereby carrying out the real purpose of the rule.


  Under paragraph (a), the first reading of a bill is in full and occurs 
when the bill is considered in the House (IV, 3391) or in the Committee 
of the Whole (Apr. 28, 1977, p. 12635). The initial step of 
consideration in the Committee of the Whole is sometimes referred to as 
the ``first reading'' and is customarily dispensed with by unanimous 
consent or special rule. Thus, under paragraph (b), the second reading 
of a bill comprises its reading for amendment in the Committee of the 
Whole (Apr. 28, 1977, p. 12635). Any Member may demand a full reading of 
a bill before general debate begins in the Committee of the Whole or, if 
considered in the House, when first taken up for action (IV, 3391, 
4738). However, waiving of the first reading in full is normally 
effected by unanimous consent, suspension of the rules, or a special 
rule providing for the consideration of the bill. A motion to dispense 
with the reading of a bill in full is not in order (VIII, 2335, 2436). 
The Speaker may object to a request for unanimous consent that a bill 
may be acted on without being read (IV, 3390; VII, 1054).


[[Page 702]]

reading. The demand for the reading of the engrossed copy of a Senate 
bill cannot be made in the House (VIII, 2426).


Sec. 943. The third reading after 
engrossment.

  The right to  demand the reading in full of the engrossed copy of a 
bill formerly guaranteed by the rule, existed only immediately after it 
had passed to be engrossed and before it had been read a third time by 
title (IV, 3400, 3403, 3404; VII, 1061); or before the yeas and nays had 
been ordered on passage (IV, 3402). The right to demand the reading in 
full caused the bill to be laid aside until engrossed even though the 
previous question had been ordered (IV, 3395-3399; VII, 1062). A 
privileged motion may not intervene before the third reading (IV, 3405), 
and the question on engrossment and third reading is not subject to a 
demand for division of the question (Aug. 3, 1989, p. 18544). A vote on 
passage must first be reconsidered to remedy the omission to read a bill 
a third time (IV, 3406). Senate bills are not engrossed in the House; 
but are ordered to a third




 


Sec. 944. Voting on bills.

  A bill in  the House (as 
distinguished from the Committee of the Whole) is amended pending the 
engrossment and third reading (V, 5781; VI, 1051, 1052). The question on 
engrossment and third reading being decided in the negative the bill is 
rejected (IV, 3420, 3421). A bill must be considered and voted on by 
itself (IV, 3408). Where the two Houses pass similar but distinct bills 
on the same subject it is necessary that one or the other House act 
again on the subject (IV, 3386). The requirement of a two-thirds vote 
for proposed constitutional amendments has been construed in the later 
practice to apply only to the vote on the final passage (V, 7029, 7030; 
VIII, 3504). A bill having been rejected by the House, a similar but not 
identical bill on the same subject was afterwards held to be in order 
(IV, 3384).


                                Rule XVII


Decorum
                           decorum and debate



Sec. 945. Obtaining the floor for debate; and relevancy and 
decorum therein.

  1. (a)  A Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner who 
desires to speak or deliver a matter to the House shall rise and 
respectfully address himself to ``Mr. Speaker'' and, on being 
recognized, may address the House from any place on the floor. When 
invited by the Chair, a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may 
speak from the Clerk's desk.


  (b)(1) Remarks in debate shall be confined to the question under 
debate, avoiding personality.

  (2)(A) Except as provided in subdivision (B), debate may not include 
characterizations of Senate action or inaction, references to individual 
Members of the Senate, or quotations from Senate proceedings.


[[Page 703]]

that are a matter of public record; references to the pendency or 
sponsorship in the Senate of bills, resolutions, and amendments; factual 
descriptions relating to Senate action or inaction concerning a measure 
then under debate in the House; and quotations from Senate proceedings 
on a measure then under debate in the House that are relevant to the 
making of legislative history establishing the meaning of that measure.

  (B) Debate may include references to actions taken by the Senate or by 
committees thereof

  This clause (former clause 1 of rule XIV) was adopted in 1880, but was 
made up, in its main provisions, from older rules, which dated from 1789 
and 1811 (V, 4979). Subparagraph (2), relating to references to the 
Senate, had its origins in the 100th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1987, 
p. 6) but was amended in the 101st Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1989, p. 
72) to narrowly expand the range of permissible references. Before the 
House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was 
found in former clause 1 of rule XIV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). 
This rule, and rulings of the Chair with respect to references in debate 
to the Senate, are discussed in Sec. 371, supra; see also Sec. 361, 
supra.


[[Page 704]]

e.g., Oct. 16, 1989, p. 24715; Oct. 17, 1989, p. 24764; Jan. 24, 1990, 
p. 426; Oct. 9, 1991, p. 25999). Even when referring in debate to the 
Speaker, himself, a Member directs his remarks to the occupant of the 
Chair and addresses him as ``Mr. Speaker'' pursuant to this clause (Nov. 
1, 1983, p. 30267).
  The Speaker, who has a responsibility under rule I to maintain and 
enforce decorum in debate, and the Chairman of the Committee of the 
Whole, who enforces decorum in debate under rule XVIII, have reminded 
and advised Members that: (1) clause 1 requires Members seeking 
recognition to rise and to address themselves to the question under 
debate, avoiding personality; (2) Members should address their remarks 
to the Chair only and not to other entities such as the press or the 
television audience, and the Chair enforces this rule on its own 
initiative (see, e.g., Nov. 8, 1979, p. 31519; Sept. 29, 1983, p. 26501; 
Dec. 17, 1987, p. 36139); (3) Members should not refer to or address any 
occupant of the galleries; (4) Members should refer to other Members in 
debate only in the third person, by state designation (Speaker O'Neill, 
June 14, 1978, p. 17615; Oct. 2, 1984, p. 28520; Mar. 7, 1985, p. 5028); 
(5) Members should refrain from using profanity or vulgarity in debate 
(Mar. 5, 1991, p. 5036; Feb. 18, 1993, p. 2973; Nov. 17, 1995, p. 33744; 
July 23, 1998, p. ----; Oct. 11, 2000, p. ----); (6) the Chair may 
interrupt a Member engaging in personalities with respect to another 
Member of the House, as the Chair does with respect to references to the 
Senate or the President (Jan. 4, 1995, p. 551); and (7) Members should 
refrain from discussing the President's personal character (May 10, 
1994, p. 9697). The Speaker has deplored the tendency to address remarks 
directly to the President (or others not in the Chamber) in the second 
person, and cautions Members on his own initiative (see,

  Members should refrain from speaking disrespectfully of the Speaker or 
arraigning the personal conduct of the Speaker, and under the precedents 
the sanctions for such violations transcend the ordinary requirements 
for timeliness of challenges (II, 1248; Jan. 4, 1995, p. 551; Jan. 18, 
1995, p. 1441; Jan. 19, 1995, p. 1599). Engaging in personalities with 
respect to the Speaker's conduct is not in order even though possibly 
relevant to a pending resolution granting him certain authority (Sept. 
24, 1996, p. 24485).

  This clause has also been interpreted to proscribe the wearing of 
badges by Members to communicate a message, since Members must rise and 
address the Speaker to deliver any matter to the House (Speaker O'Neill, 
Apr. 15, 1986, p. 7525; Feb. 22, 1995, p. 5435; Mar. 29, 1995, p. 9662; 
Oct. 19, 1995, pp. 28522, 28540, 28646; Nov. 17, 1995, p. 5435; Mar. 7, 
1996, p. 4083; Sept. 26, 1996, p. 25117; July 24, 1998, p. ----; Sept. 
28, 2000, p. ----). A Member's comportment may constitute a breach of 
decorum even though the content of that Member's speech is not, itself, 
unparliamentary (July 29, 1994, p. 18609). Under this standard the Chair 
may deny recognition to a Member who has engaged in unparliamentary 
debate and ignored repeated admonitions by the Chair to proceed in 
order, subject to the will of the House on the question of his 
proceeding in order (Sept. 18, 1996, p. 23535).

  For further discussion of personalities in debate with respect to 
references to the official conduct of a Member, see Sec. Sec. 361-363, 
supra; with respect to references to the President, see Sec. 370, supra; 
and with respect to references to the Senate, see Sec. Sec. 371-374, 
supra.

  Aside from ``special-order,'' ``morning-hour,'' or ``one-minute'' 
debate, where no question is pending and recognition is by unanimous 
consent or leadership listings, it is a general rule that a motion must 
be made before a Member may proceed in debate (V, 4984, 4985), and this 
motion may be required to be reduced to writing (V, 4986). A motion must 
also be stated by the Speaker or read by the Clerk before debate may 
begin (V, 4982, 4983, 5304). The withdrawal of a motion precludes 
further debate on it (V, 4989). But sometimes when a communication or a 
report has been before the House it has been debated before any specific 
motion has been made in relation to it (V, 4987, 4988). In a few cases, 
such as conference reports and reports from the Committee of the Whole, 
the motion to agree is considered as pending without being offered from 
the floor (IV, 4896; V, 6517).


[[Page 705]]

(III, 2546, 2547; VI, 565, 566, 580). Personal explanations merely are 
made by unanimous consent (V, 5065).
  In presenting a question of personal privilege the Member is not 
required in the first instance to make a motion or offer a resolution, 
but such is not the rule in presenting a case involving the privileges 
of the House



Sec. 946. Interruption of a Member in debate.

  A  Member 
having the floor may not be taken off his feet by an ordinary motion, 
even the highly privileged motion to adjourn (V, 5369, 5370; VIII, 
2646), or the motion to table (Mar. 18, 1992, p. 6022). He may not be 
deprived of the floor by a parliamentary inquiry (VIII, 2455-2458), a 
question of privilege (V, 5002; VIII, 2459), a motion that the Committee 
rise (VIII, 2325), or a demand for the previous question (VIII, 2609; 
Mar. 18, 1992, p. 6022), but he may be interrupted for a conference 
report (V, 6451; VIII, 3294). It is a custom also for the Speaker to 
request a Member to yield for the reception of a message. A Member may 
yield the floor for a motion to adjourn or that the Committee of the 
Whole rise without losing his right to continue when the subject is 
again continued (V, 5009-5013), but where the House has by resolution 
vested control of general debate in the Committee of the Whole in 
designated Members, their control of general debate may not be abrogated 
by another Member moving to rise, unless they yield for that purpose 
(May 25, 1967, p. 14121; June 10, 1999, p. ----). A Member may also 
resume his seat while a paper is being read in his time without losing 
his right to the floor (V, 5015). A Member who, having the floor, moved 
the previous question was permitted to resume the floor on withdrawing 
the motion (V, 5474). But a Member may not yield to another Member to 
offer an amendment without losing the floor (V, 5021, 5030, 5031; VIII, 
2476), and a Member may not offer an amendment in time secured for 
debate only (VIII, 2474), or request unanimous consent to offer an 
amendment unless yielded to for that purpose by the Member controlling 
the floor (Sept. 24, 1986, p. 25589). A Member recognized under the 
five-minute rule in the Committee of the Whole may not yield to another 
Member to offer an amendment, as it is within the power of the Chair to 
recognize each Member to offer amendments (Apr. 19, 1973, p. 13240; Dec. 
12, 1973, p. 41171). A Member desiring to interrupt another in debate 
should address the Chair for permission of the Member speaking (V, 5006; 
VI, 193), but the latter may exercise his own discretion as to whether 
or not he will yield (V, 5007, 5008; VI, 193; VIII, 2463, 2465). It is 
not in order to disrupt a Member's remarks in debate by repeatedly 
interrupting to ask whether he will yield after he has declined to do so 
(Apr. 9, 1992, p. 9040; Nov. 13, 1997, p. ----). Where a Member 
interrupts another during debate without being yielded to or otherwise 
recognized (as on a point of order), his remarks are not printed in the 
Record (Speaker O'Neill, Feb. 7, 1985, p. 2229; July 21, 1993, p. 16545; 
July 29, 1994, p. 18609). Members should not engage in disruption while 
another is speaking (Dec. 20, 1995, p. 37878; June 27, 1996, p. 15915).



[[Page 706]]

comparatively rare Speakers have called Members to the Chair and 
participated in debate on questions of order or matters relating their 
own conduct or rights, usually without asking consent of the House (II, 
1367, 1368, 1371; III, 1950; V, 6097). In more recent years, Speakers 
have frequently entered into debate from the floor on substantive 
legislative issues before the House for decision, and the right to 
participate in debate in the Committee of the Whole is without question 
(see, e.g., Apr. 30, 1987, p. 10811).


Sec. 947. Speaker in debate.

  The  Speaker may of right speak 
from the Chair on questions of order and be first heard (II, 1367), but 
with this exception he may speak from the Chair only by leave of the 
House and on questions of fact (II, 1367-1372). On occasions




Sec. 948. Member must confine himself to the subject.

  It  has 
always been held, and generally quite strictly, that in the House the 
Member must confine himself to the subject under debate (V, 5043-5048; 
VI, 576; VIII, 2481, 2534). The Chair normally waits for the question of 
relevancy of debate to be raised and does not take initiative (Sept. 27, 
1990, p. 26226; Mar. 23, 1995, p. 8986; Nov. 14, 1995, pp. 32354-57, 
32374; Dec. 15, 1995, p. 37118; Mar. 12, 1996, p. 4149).



[[Page 707]]

the subject so specified (Jan. 23, 1984, p. 93). Debate on a question of 
personal privilege must be confined to the statements or issue which 
gave rise to the question of privilege (V, 5075-5077; VI, 576, 608; 
VIII, 2448, 2481; May 31, 1984, p. 14623). Debate on a privileged 
resolution recommending disciplinary action against a Member, while it 
may include comparisons with other such actions taken by or reported to 
the House for purposes of measuring severity of punishment, may not 
extend to the conduct of another sitting Member not the subject of a 
committee report (Dec. 18, 1987, p. 36271). The question whether a 
Member should be relieved from committee service is debatable only 
within very narrow limits (IV, 4510; June 16, 1975, p. 19056). Debate on 
a resolution electing a Member to a committee is confined to the 
election of that Member and should not extend to that committee's agenda 
(July 10, 1995, p. 18258).
  During debate on a bill, a Member under recognition must confine his 
remarks to the pending legislation; that is, he must not dwell on 
another measure not before the House (Nov. 4, 1999, p. ----), rather he 
must maintain a constant nexus between debate and the subject of the 
bill (Nov. 14, 1995, p. 32354-57; Mar. 12, 1996, p. 4450). Debate on a 
motion to amend must be confined to the amendment, and may neither 
include the general merits of the bill (V, 5049-5051), nor range to the 
merits of a proposition not included in the underlying resolution (Jan. 
31, 1995, p. 3032). Similarly, debate on a motion to recommit with 
instructions should be confined to the subject of the motion rather than 
dwelling on the general merits of the bill (Mar. 7, 1996, p. 4092). 
However, the Chair has accorded Members latitude in debating a series of 
amendments in the nature of a substitute to a concurrent resolution on 
the budget (Mar. 25, 1999, p. ----). On a motion to suspend the rules, 
debate is confined to the object of the motion and may not range to the 
merits of a bill not scheduled for such consideration (Nov. 23, 1991, p. 
34189). Debate on a special order providing for the consideration of a 
bill may range to the merits of the bill to be made in order (Sept. 26, 
1989, p. 21532; Oct. 16, 1990, p. 29668; Oct. 1, 1991, p. 24836), since 
the question of consideration of the bill is involved, but should not 
range to the merits of a measure not to be considered under that special 
order (Sept. 27, 1990, p. 26226; July 25, 1995, p. 20323; Sept. 20, 
1995, p. 15838; Dec. 15, 1995, p. 37118; May 1, 1996, p. 9888; May 8, 
1996, p. 10511; May 15, 1996, p. 1131; Mar. 13, 1997, p. ----). Debate 
on a resolution providing authorities to expedite the consideration of 
end-of-session legislation may neither range to the merits of a measure 
that might or might not be considered under such authorities nor engage 
in personalities with respect to the official conduct of the Speaker, 
even as asserted to relate to the question of granting the authorities 
proposed (Sept. 24, 1996, p. ----). If a unanimous-consent request for a 
Member to address the House for one hour specifies the subject of the 
address, the occupant of the Chair during that speech may enforce the 
rule of relevancy in debate by requiring that the remarks be confined to

  While the Speakers have entertained appeals from their decisions as to 
irrelevancy, they have held that such appeals were not debatable (V, 
5056-5063).


Recognition
<>   2. When two or more 
Members, Delegates, or the Resident Commissioner rise at once, the 
Speaker shall name the Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner who is 
first to speak. * * *

  Under prior practice in Committee of the Whole, a Member did not have 
to confine himself to the subject during general debate (V, 5233-5238; 
VIII, 2590; June 28, 1974, p. 21743); but under modern practice a 
special order providing for consideration of a measure in the Committee 
of the Whole typically does require such relevance in debate. All five-
minute debate in Committee of the Whole is confined to the subject (V, 
5240-5256), even on a pro forma amendment (VIII, 2591), in which case 
debate must relate to an issue in the pending portion of the bill (VIII, 
2592, 2593); thus, where a general provisions title is pending debate 
may relate to any agency funded by the bill (June 13, 1991, p. 14692).

  This provision was adopted in 1789 (V, 4978). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former clause 2 of rule XIV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 708]]

the necessity that the Speaker should not be compelled to heed the 
claims of Members as individuals was expressed in 1879 in a report from 
the Committee on Rules, which declared that ``in the nature of the case 
discretion must be lodged with the presiding officer'' (II, 1424). And 
in 1881 the Speaker declined to entertain an appeal from his decision on 
a question of recognition (II, 1425-1428), establishing thereby a 
practice which continues (VI, 292; VIII, 2429, 2646, 2762). It has also 
been determined that a Member may not invoke clause 6 of rule XIV 
(former rule XXV) (Sec. 884, supra), providing that questions relating 
to the priority of business shall be decided by a majority without 
debate, to inhibit the Speaker's power of recognition under this clause 
(Speaker Albert, July 31, 1975, p. 26249).

--  Recognition <> for one-minute speeches by unanimous consent and the order 
of recognition are entirely within the discretion of the Speaker (Nov. 
15, 1983, p. 32657; Mar. 7, 2001, p. ----). When the House has a heavy 
legislative schedule, the Speaker may refuse to recognize Members for 
that purpose until the completion of legislative business (Procedure, 
ch. 21, sec. 7.5; July 24, 1980, p. 19386). It is not in order to raise 
as a question of the privileges of the House a resolution directing the 
Speaker to recognize for such speeches, since a question of privilege 
cannot amend or interpret the Rules of the House (July 25, 1980, pp. 
19762-64). The modern practice of limiting recognition before 
legislative business to one minute began August 2, 1937 (p. 8004) and 
was reiterated by Speaker Rayburn on March 6, 1945 (Deschler's 
Precedents, vol. 6, ch. 21, sec. 6.1).
  In the early history of the House, when business proceeded on 
presentation by individual Members, the Speaker recognized the Member 
who arose first; and in case of doubt there was an appeal from his 
recognition (II, 1429-1434). But as the membership and business of the 
House increased it became necessary to establish and adhere to a fixed 
order of business, and recognitions, instead of pertaining to the 
individual Member, necessarily came to pertain to the bill or other 
business which would be before the House under the rule regulating the 
order of business. Hence


[[Page 709]]

not enter requests for five-minute special orders earlier than one week 
in advance; (8) the respective Leaders may establish additional 
guidelines for entering requests; and (9) a Member recognized for a 
five-minute special order may not be recognized for an hour special 
order (Feb. 11, 1994, p. 2244; May 23, 1994, p. 1154; June 10, 1994, p. 
12684; Jan. 4, 1995, p. 551; Feb. 16, 1995, p. 5096; May 12, 1995, p. 
12765; Jan. 21, 1997, p. ----; Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).
  Since the 98th Congress the Speaker has followed announced policies of 
(1) alternating recognition for one-minute speeches and special-order 
speeches between majority and minority Members and (2) recognizing for 
special-order speeches of five minutes or less before longer speeches 
(Speaker O'Neill, Aug. 8, 1984, p. 22963; Jan. 4, 1995, p. 551). In the 
101st Congress, the Chair continued the practice of alternating 
recognition for one-minute speeches but began a practice of recognizing 
Members suggested by their party leadership before others in the well 
(Apr. 19, 1990, p. 7406). From August 8, 1984, through February 23, 
1994, the Speaker also followed an announced policy of recognizing 
Members of the same party within a given category in the order in which 
their requests for special orders were granted (Speaker O'Neill, Aug. 8, 
1984, p. 22963; Jan. 5, 1993, p. 106). But since February 24, 1994, the 
Speaker's announced policies for recognition for special-order speeches 
has been as follows: (1) recognition does not extend beyond midnight; 
(2) recognition is granted first for speeches of five minutes or less; 
(3) recognition for longer speeches is limited (except on Tuesdays) to 
four hours equally divided between the majority and minority; (4) the 
first hour for each party is reserved to its respective Leader or his 
designees; (5) time within each party is allotted in accord with a list 
submitted to the Chair by the respective Leader; (6) the first 
recognition within a category alternates between the parties from day to 
day, regardless of when requests were granted; (7) Members may

  While the Chair's calculation of time consumed under one-minute 
speeches is not subject to challenge, the Chair endeavors to recognize 
majority and then minority Members by allocating time in a nonpartisan 
manner (Aug. 4, 1982, p. 19319). Prior to legislative business, the 
Speaker will traditionally recognize a Member only once by unanimous 
consent for a one-minute speech, and will not entertain a second request 
(May 1, 1985, p. 9995). The Chair will not entertain a unanimous-consent 
request to extend a five-minute special order (Mar. 7, 1995, p. 7152) or 
to extend a special order beyond midnight (Oct. 7, 1998, p. ----). The 
Chair will recognize for subdivisions of the first hour reserved for 
special orders only on designations (and reallocations) by the 
leadership concerned (Oct. 2, 1998, p. ----). A Member who is recognized 
to control time during special orders may yield to colleagues for such 
amounts of time as the Member may deem appropriate but may not yield 
blocks of time to be enforced by the Chair. Members regulate the 
duration of their yielding by reclaiming the time when appropriate (Jan. 
31, 2001, p. ----).-


[[Page 710]]

entertain a unanimous-consent request to extend a five-minute period of 
recognition (Apr. 28, 1998, p. ----).-


Sec. 951. Morninghour debates.

  Beginning  in the second 
session of the 103d Congress, the House has by unanimous consent agreed 
(without prejudice to the Speaker's ultimate power of recognition under 
this rule) to convene 90 minutes early on Mondays and Tuesdays for 
morning-hour debate (Feb. 11, 1994, p. 2244; May 23, 1994, p. 11459; 
June 8, 1994, p. 12305; June 10, 1994, p. 12684; Jan. 4, 1995, p. 551; 
Feb. 16, 1995, p. 5096; Jan. 21, 1997, p. ----; Jan. 19, 1999, p. ----). 
On May 12, 1995, the House extended and modified the above order to 
accommodate earlier convening times after May 14 of each year. The 
modified order changes morning-hour debates on Tuesdays after May 14 of 
each year as follows: (1) the House convenes one hour early (rather than 
90 minutes); (2) time for debate is limited to 25 minutes for each party 
(rather than 30 minutes); and (3) in no event is morning-hour debate to 
continue beyond 10 minutes before the House is to convene (May 12, 1995, 
p. 12765). The above-cited orders of the House also: (1) postpone the 
Prayer, approval of the Journal, and the Pledge of Allegiance during 
morning-hour debates; and (2) require the Chair to recognize Members for 
not more than five minutes each, alternating between the majority and 
minority parties in accord with lists supplied by their respective 
Leaders. During morning-hour debate it is not in order to request that a 
name be removed from a list of cosponsors of a bill (Apr. 26, 1994, p. 
8544). Under the customary order of the House establishing morning-hour 
debate, the Chair does not




Sec. 952. ``Oxford''style debates.

  In  the 103d Congress the 
House agreed by unanimous consent to conduct at a time designated by the 
Speaker structured debate on a mutually agreeable topic announced by the 
Speaker, with four participants from each party in a format announced by 
the Speaker (Feb. 11, 1994, p. 2244; Mar. 11, 1994, p. 4772; May 23, 
1994, p. 11459; June 8, 1994, p. 12305; June 10, 1994, p. 12648). 
Pursuant to that authority the House conducted three ``Oxford''-style 
debates (Mar. 16, 1994, p. 5088; May 4, 1994, p. 9300; July 20, 1994, p. 
17245). As a precursor to those structured debates, special-order time 
was used for a ``Lincoln-Douglas''-style debate involving five Members, 
with one Member acting as ``moderator'' by controlling the hour under 
this clause (Nov. 3, 1993, p. 27312).



[[Page 711]]

may demand the previous question, although another Member may propose to 
offer a motion of higher privilege (VIII, 2684); but the motion of 
higher privilege must be put before the previous question (V, 5480; 
VIII, 2684). The Member who has been recognized to call up a measure in 
the House has priority of recognition to move the previous question 
thereon, even over the chairman of the committee reporting that measure 
(Oct. 1, 1986, p. 27468). The fact that a Member has the floor on one 
matter does not necessarily entitle him to prior recognition on a motion 
relating to another matter (II, 1464). It is because the Speaker is 
governed by these usages that he often asks, when a Member seeks 
recognition, ``For what purpose does the gentleman rise?''. By this 
question he determines whether the Member proposes business or a motion 
which is entitled to precedence and he may deny recognition (VI, 289-
291, 293; Aug. 13, 1982, pp. 20969, 20975-78; Speaker Wright, Feb. 17, 
1988, p. 1583; Feb. 27, 1992, p. 3656) and from such denial there is no 
appeal (II, 1425; VI, 292; VIII, 2429, 2646, 2762; Feb. 27, 1992, p. 
3656). Recognition for parliamentary inquiry lies in the discretion of 
the Chair (VI, 541), who may take a parliamentary inquiry under 
advisement (VIII, 2174), especially where not related to the pending 
proceedings (Apr. 7, 1992, p. 8273).


Sec. 953. Speaker governed by usage in 
recognitions.

  Although  there is no appeal from the Speaker's recognition, he is 
not a free agent in determining who is to have the floor. The practice 
of the House establishes rules from which he may not depart. When the 
order of business brings before the House a certain bill he must first 
recognize, for motions for its disposition, the Member who represents 
the committee which has reported it (II, 1447; VI, 306, 514). This is 
not necessarily the chairman of the committee, for a chairman who, in 
committee, has opposed the bill, must yield the prior recognition to a 
member of his committee who has favored the bill (II, 1449). Usually, 
however, the chairman has charge of the bill and is entitled at all 
stages to prior recognition for allowable motions intended to expedite 
it (II, 1452, 1457; VI, 296, 300). Once the proponent of a pending 
motion has been recognized for debate thereon, a unanimous-consent 
request to modify the motion may be entertained only if the proponent 
yields for that purpose (Jan. 5, 1996, p. 348). This principle does not, 
however, apply to the Chairman of the Committee of the Whole (II, 1453). 
The Member who originally introduces the bill which a committee reports 
has no claims to recognition as opposed to the claims of the members of 
the committee, but in cases where a proposition is brought directly 
before the House by a Member the mover is entitled to prior recognition 
for motions and debate (II, 1446, 1454; VI, 302-305, 417; VIII, 2454, 
3231). And this principle applies to the makers of certain motions. 
Thus, the Member on whose motion the enacting clause of a bill is 
stricken out in Committee of the Whole is entitled to prior recognition 
when the bill is reported to the House (V, 5337; VIII, 2629), and in a 
case where a Member raised an objection in the joint session to count 
the electoral vote the Speaker recognized him first when the Houses had 
separated to consider the objection (III, 1956). But a Member may not, 
by offering a debatable motion of higher privilege than the pending 
motion, deprive the Member in charge of the bill of possession of the 
floor for debate (II, 1460-1463; VI, 290, 297-299; VIII, 2454, 3193, 
3197, 3259; House Practice (1996), p. 834). The Member in charge of the 
bill and having the floor


  The Chair may follow a tradition of the House to allow the highest 
ranking party-elected Members (Speaker, Majority Leader, and Minority 
Leader) additional time to make their remarks in important debate (Dec. 
18, 1998, p. ----).



Sec. 954. Loss of right to recognition by Member in 
charge.

  When  an essential motion made by the Member in charge of a bill is 
decided adversely, the right to prior recognition passes to the Member 
who the Speaker perceives to be leading the opposition to the motion 
(II, 1465-1468; VI, 308). Under this principle control of a measure 
passes when the House disagrees to a recommendation of the committee 
reporting the measure (II, 1469-1472) or when the Committee of the Whole 
reports the measure adversely (IV, 4897; VIII, 2430). Similarly, this 
principle applies when a motion for the previous question is rejected 
(VI, 308). However, a Member who led the opposition to ordering the 
previous question may be preempted by a motion of higher precedence 
(Aug. 13, 1982, pp. 20969, 20975-78). On the other hand, the mere defeat 
of an amendment proposed by the Member in charge does not cause the 
right to prior recognition to pass to an opponent (II, 1478, 1479).



[[Page 712]]

report, it then rejects the report (II, 1473-1477; V, 6396). However, 
control of a Senate amendment reported from conference in disagreement 
passes to an opponent when the House rejects a motion to dispose thereof 
(Aug. 6, 1993, p. 19582).
  Rejection of a conference report after the previous question has been 
ordered thereon does not cause recognition to pass to a Member opposed 
to the report, and the manager retains control to offer the initial 
motion to dispose of amendments in disagreement (Speaker Albert, May 1, 
1975, p. 12761). Similarly, the invalidation of a conference report on a 
point of order, which is equivalent to its rejection by the House, does 
not give the Member raising the question of order the right to the floor 
(VIII, 3284) and exerts no effect on the right to recognition (VI, 313). 
In most cases, when the House refuses to order the previous question on 
a conference



Sec. 955. Prior right of Members to recognition for 
debate.

  In  debate the members of the committee--except the Committee of 
the Whole (II, 1453)--are entitled to priority of recognition for debate 
(II, 1438, 1448; VI, 306, 307), but a motion to lay a proposition on the 
table is in order before the Member entitled to prior recognition for 
debate has begun his remarks (V, 5391-5395; VI, 412; VIII, 2649, 2650).


  In recognizing for general debate under general House rules the Chair 
alternates between those favoring and those opposing the pending matter, 
preferring members of the committee reporting the bill (II, 1439-1444). 
When a member of a committee has occupied the floor in favor of a 
measure the Chair attempts to recognize a Member opposing next, even 
though he be not a member of the committee (II, 1445). The principle of 
alternation is not insisted on rigidly where a limited time is 
controlled by Members, as in the 40 minutes of debate on motions for 
suspension of the rules and the previous question (II, 1442).


[[Page 713]]

38356); (3) requests to consider a motion to suspend the rules and pass 
an unreported bill (on a nonsuspension day) (Aug. 12, 1986, p. 21126; 
Mar. 30, 1998, p. ----); (4) requests to permit consideration of 
(nongermane) amendments to bills (Nov. 14, 1991, p. 32083; Dec. 20, 
1995, p. 37877); (5) requests to permit expedited consideration of 
measures on subsequent days, as by waiving the requirement that a bill 
be referred to committee for 30 legislative days before a motion to 
discharge may be presented under clause 2 of rule XV (former clause 3 of 
rule XXVII) (June 9, 1992, p. 13900); and (6) requests relating to 
Senate-passed bills on the Speaker's table (Oct. 25, 1995, p. 29347; 
Jan. 3, 1996, p. 58; Aug. 2, 1999, p. ----), including one identical to 
a House-passed bill (Feb. 4, 1998, p. ----) and a Senate concurrent 
resolution to correct an enrollment (Oct. 20, 1998, p. ----). The 
Speaker's enforcement of this policy is not subject to appeal (Apr. 4, 
1995, p. 10298). ``Floor leadership'' in this context has been construed 
to apply only to the Minority Leader and not to the entire hierarchy of 
minority leadership, where the Chair had been assured that the Minority 
Leader had been consulted (Apr. 25, 1985, p. 9415). It is not a proper 
parliamentary inquiry to ask the Chair to indicate which side of the 
aisle has failed under the Speaker's guidelines to clear a unanimous-
consent request (Feb. 1, 1996, p. 2260), but the Chair may indicate his 
cognizance of a source of objection for the Record (Feb. 4, 1998, p. --
--). In addition, with respect to unanimous-consent requests to dispose 
of Senate amendments to House bills on the Speaker's table, the Chair 
will entertain such a request only if made by the chairman of the 
committee with jurisdiction, or by another committee member authorized 
to make the request (Apr. 26, 1984, p. 10194; Feb. 4, 1987, p. 2675; 
Jan. 3, 1996, p. 86; Jan. 4, 1996, pp. 200, 210; Deschler's Precedents, 
vol. 6, ch. 21, sec. 1.23). For a discussion of recognition for 
unanimous-consent requests to vary procedures in the Committee of the 
Whole governed by a special order adopted by the House, see Sec. 993, 
infra.



Sec. 956. Exceptions to the usages constraining the Speaker 
as to recognitions.

  As  to motions to suspend the rules, which are in 
order on Mondays and Tuesdays of each week, the Speaker exercises a 
discretion to decline to recognize (V, 6791-6794, 6845; VIII, 3402-
3404). He also may decline to recognize a Member who desires to ask 
unanimous consent to set aside the rules in order to consider a bill not 
otherwise in order, this being the way of signifying his objection to 
the request. But this authority did not extend to the former Consent 
Calendar. Where the previous question was ordered to passage of a bill 
without intervening motion except recommittal, the Chair declined to 
entertain a unanimous-consent request to further amend the pending bill 
as an exercise of his discretionary power of recognition under this 
clause (Feb. 10, 2000, p. ----). The Chair has declined to entertain a 
unanimous-consent request to print a separate volume of tributes given 
in memory of a deceased former Member absent concurrence of the Joint 
Committee on Printing (Aug. 1, 1996, p. 21247). The Speaker has 
announced and enforced a policy of conferring recognition for unanimous-
consent requests for the consideration of unreported bills and 
resolutions only when assured that the majority and minority floor and 
committee leaderships have no objection (see, e.g., Dec. 15, 1981, p. 
31590; May 4, 1982, p. 8613; Nov. 16, 1983, p. 33138; Jan. 25, 1984, p. 
354; Jan. 26, 1984, p. 449; Jan. 31, 1984, p. 1063; Oct. 2, 1984, p. 
28516; Feb. 4, 1987, p. 2675; Jan. 3, 1989, p. 89; Jan. 3, 1991, p. 64; 
Jan. 5, 1993, p. 106; Apr. 4, 1995, p. 12097). This policy has been 
extended to: (1) requests relating to reported bills (July 23, 1993, p. 
16820); (2) requests for immediate consideration of matters (separately 
unreported) comprising a portion of a measure already passed by the 
House (Dec. 19, 1985, p.





Sec. 957. The hour rule in debate.

  2.  * * * A Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not occupy more than one hour in 
debate on a question in the House or in the Committee of the Whole House 
on the state of the Union except as otherwise provided in this rule.


  This provision (former clause 2 of rule XIV) dates from 1841, when the 
increase of membership had made it necessary to prevent the making of 
long speeches which sometimes occupied three or four hours each (V, 
4978). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 2 of rule XIV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).


[[Page 714]]

has been placed within the control of those representing the two sides 
of a question, it must be assigned to Members in accordance with this 
rule (V, 5004, 5005; VIII, 2462). A Member recognized to call up a 
privileged resolution may yield the floor upon expiration of his hour 
without moving the previous question, thereby permitting another Member 
to be recognized for a successive hour (Dec. 18, 1998, p. ----). Under 
this clause a Member recognized for one hour for a ``special-order'' 
speech in the House may not extend that time, even by unanimous consent 
(Feb. 9, 1966, p. 2794; July 12, 1971, pp. 24594, 24603; Oct. 23, 1997, 
p. ----). In the 104th Congress the Speaker announced his intention to 
strictly enforce time limitations on debate (Jan. 4, 1995, pp. 457-552).
  This provision applies to debate on a question of privilege, as well 
as to debate on other questions (V, 4990; VIII, 2448). When the time for 
debate


Managing debate
  For a discussion of morning-hour debates and ``Oxford''-style debates, 
see Sec. Sec. 951-952, supra.



Sec. 958. The opening and closing of general debate.

  3. (a)  The 
Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner who calls up a measure may 
open and close debate thereon. When general debate extends beyond one 
day, that Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner shall be entitled 
to one hour to close without regard to the time used in opening.




Sec. 959. Member to speak but once to the same question; 
right to close controlled debate.

  (b)  Except as provided in paragraph (a), 
a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not speak more than 
once to the same question without leave of the House.



  (c) A manager of a measure who opposes an amendment thereto is 
entitled to close controlled debate thereon.


[[Page 715]]

  Paragraphs (a) and (c) (former clause 3 of rule XIV) were adopted in 
1847 and perfected in 1880 (V, 4996). Paragraph (b) (former clause 6 of 
rule XIV) was adopted in 1789, and amended in 1840 (V, 4991). Before the 
House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, paragraphs (a) and (c) 
were found in former clause 3 of rule XIV and paragraph (b) was found in 
former clause 6 of rule XIV. The recodification also added paragraph (c) 
to codify modern practice (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  In the later practice this right to close may not be exercised after 
the previous question is ordered (V, 4997-5000). This clause applies to 
general debate in Committee of the Whole (Mar. 26, 1985, p. 6283). A 
majority manager of the bill who represents the primary committee of 
jurisdiction is entitled to close general debate (in this case, as 
against another manager representing an additional committee of 
jurisdiction) (May 13, 1998, p. ----). Where an order of the House 
divides debate on an unreported measure among four Members, the Chair 
will recognize for closing speeches in the reverse order of the original 
allocation (Mar. 24, 1999, p. ----). Where a special order of the House 
allocates time for debate, which is further fractionalized under a later 
order by unanimous consent, the Chair recognizes for closing speeches in 
the reverse order of their original recognitions, concluding with the 
Member who opened the debate. This is true even when the manager who 
opened debate is opposed, as in the case of a measure reported adversely 
(July 22, 1998, p. ----; July 27, 1999, p. ----; June 21, 2000, p. ----; 
July 26, 2000, p. ----).

  A Member who has spoken once to the main question may speak again to 
an amendment (V, 4993, 4994). It is too late to make the point of order 
that a Member has spoken already if no one claims the floor until he has 
made some progress in his speech (V, 4992). Paragraph (b) is often 
circumscribed by modern practice and by special orders of business that 
vest control of debate in designated Members and permit them to yield 
more than once to other Members (Apr. 5, 2000, p. ----). For a 
discussion of the right of a Member to speak more than once under the 
five-minute rule, see Sec. 981, infra. The right to close may not be 
exercised after the previous question has been ordered (V, 4997-5000). 
The right to close does not belong to a Member who has merely moved to 
reconsider the vote on a bill which he did not report (V, 4995). The 
right of a contestant in an election case to close when he is permitted 
to speak in the contest has been a matter of discussion (V, 5001).


[[Page 716]]

bate against an amendment thereto (June 15, 1989, pp. 12084-87). By 
recommending an amendment in the nature of a substitute, a reporting 
committee implicitly opposes a further amendment that could have been 
included therein, such that a committee representative who controls time 
in opposition may close debate thereon (June 4, 1992, p. 13572; June 13, 
1995, p. 15836). Where the rule providing for the consideration of an 
unreported measure designates managers who do not serve on a committee 
of jurisdiction, those managers are entitled to close controlled debate 
against an amendment thereto (Sept. 18, 1997, p. ----). The majority 
manager of the bill will be recognized to control time in opposition to 
an amendment thereto, without regard to the party affiliation of the 
proponent, where the special order allocated control to ``a Member 
opposed'' (May 13, 1998, p. ----). The right to close debate in 
opposition to an amendment devolves to a member of the committee of 
jurisdiction who derived debate time by unanimous consent from a manager 
who originally had the right to close debate (Sept. 10, 1998, p. ----; 
July 29, 1999, p. ----). The proponent of a first-degree amendment who 
controls time in opposition to a second-degree amendment that favors the 
original bill over the first-degree amendment does not qualify as a 
``manager'' within the meaning of clause 3(c) of rule XVII in opposing 
(June 15, 2000, p. ----).
  As codified in paragraph (c), the manager of a bill or other 
representative of the committee position and not the proponent of an 
amendment has the right to close debate on an amendment on which debate 
has been limited and allocated under the five-minute rule in Committee 
of the Whole (VIII, 2581; July 16, 1981, p. 16043; Apr. 4, 1984, p. 
7841; June 5, 1985, p. 14302; July 10, 1985, p. 18496; Oct. 24, 1985, p. 
28824; May 2, 1988, p. 9638; May 5, 1988, p. 9961), including the 
minority manager (June 29, 1984, p. 20253; Aug. 14, 1986, p. 21660; July 
26, 1989, p. 16403; Oct. 27, 1997, p. ----). The Chair will assume that 
the manager of a measure is representing the committee of jurisdiction 
even where the measure called up is unreported (Apr. 15, 1996, p. 7421; 
July 24, 1998, p. ----), where an unreported compromise text is made in 
order as original text in lieu of committee amendments (Oct. 19, 1995, 
p. 28650), or where the committee reported the measure without 
recommendation (Feb. 12, 1997, p. ----). Where the pending text includes 
a provision recommended by a committee of sequential referral, a member 
of that committee is entitled to close de



[[Page 717]]

Call to order
  Under certain circumstances, however, the proponent of the amendment 
may close debate where he represents the position of the reporting 
committee (Aug. 14, 1986, p. 21660); for example, the proponent of a 
``manager's amendment'' may close controlled debate thereon (May 13, 
1998, p. ----). Similarly, the proponent may close debate where neither 
a committee representative nor a Member assigned a managerial role by 
the governing special order oppose the amendment (Aug. 15, 1986, p. 
22057; May 6, 1998, p. ----; July 14, 1998, p. ----). Where a committee 
representative is allocated control of time in opposition to an 
amendment not by recognition from the Chair but by unanimous-consent 
request of a third Member who was allocated the time by the Chair, then 
the committee representative is not entitled to close debate as against 
the proponent (July 24, 1997, p. ----). Similarly, the proponent of the 
amendment may close debate where no representative from the reporting 
committee opposes an amendment to a multijurisdictional bill (Mar. 9, 
1995, p. 7467); where the measure is unreported and has no ``manager'' 
under the terms of a special rule (Apr. 24, 1985, p. 9206); or where a 
measure is being managed by a single reporting committee and the Member 
controlling time in opposition, though a member of the committee having 
jurisdiction over the amendment, does not represent the reporting 
committee (Nov. 9, 1995, p. 31964).



Sec. 960. The call to order for words spoken in 
debate.

  4. (a)  If a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner, in speaking 
or otherwise, transgresses the Rules of the House, the Speaker shall, or 
a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may, call to order the 
offending Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner, who shall 
immediately sit down unless permitted on motion of another Member, 
Delegate, or the Resident Commissioner to explain. If a Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner is called to order, the Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner making the call to order shall 
indicate the words excepted to, which shall be taken down in writing at 
the Clerk's desk and read aloud to the House.




[[Page 718]]


  (b) The Speaker shall decide the validity of a call to order. The 
House, if appealed to, shall decide the question without debate. If the 
decision is in favor of the Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner 
called to order, the Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner shall be 
at liberty to proceed, but not otherwise. If the case requires it, an 
offending Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner shall be liable to 
censure or such other punishment as the House may consider proper. A 
Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not be held to answer a 
call to order, and may not be subject to the censure of the House 
therefor, if further debate or other business has intervened.

  The first sentence of paragraph (a) and all but the last sentence of 
paragraph (b) (former clause 4 of rule XIV) was adopted in 1789 and 
amended in 1822 and 1880 (V, 5175). The last sentence of paragraph (a) 
and the last sentence of paragraph (b) (former clause 5 of rule XIV) was 
adopted in 1837 and amended in 1880, although the practice of writing 
down objectionable words had been established in 1808. When the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, it consolidated former 
clauses 4 and 5 of rule XIV into a single clause (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).



Sec. 961. Words taken down and other calls to order 
for unparliamentary debate.

  Members  transgressing the rules of debate and 
decorum may be called to order by the Speaker (VIII, 2481, 2521, 3479), 
a Member (II, 1344; V, 5154, 5161-5163, 5175, 5192), or a Delegate (II, 
1295). A Member may initiate a call to order either by making a point of 
order that a Member is transgressing the rules or by formally demanding 
that words be taken down under this clause (Sept. 12, 1996, pp. 22897, 
22899; Sept. 17, 1996, p. 23426; Sept. 18, 1996, p. 23535; Sept. 25, 
1996, p. 24759). A Member's comportment in debate may constitute a 
breach of decorum even though the content of the Member's speech is not, 
itself, unparliamentary (July 29, 1994, p. 18609). Except for naming the 
offending Member, the Speaker may not otherwise censure or punish him 
(II, 1345; VI, 237; Sept. 18, 1996, p. 23535; see also Sec. 366, supra). 
The House may by proper motions under this clause dictate the 
consequences of a ruling by the Chair that a Member was out of order 
(May 26, 1983, p. 14048).


  As discussed in Sec. 374, supra, it is customary for the Chair to 
initiate the call to order a Member who criticizes the actions of the 
Senate, its Members, or its committees, whether in debate or through an 
insertion in the Record (Speaker Albert, Apr. 17, 1975, p. 10458; Oct. 
7, 1975, p. 32055; Feb. 27, 1997, p. ----). On the other hand, the Chair 
customarily awaits an initiative from the floor to call to order a 
Member engaging in personalities in debate with respect to another 
Member of the House (June 29, 1987, p. 18072; Jan. 4, 1995, p. 551; Feb. 
27, 1997, p. ----). The Chair may take initiative to call to order a 
Member engaging in verbal outburst following expiration of his 
recognition for debate (Mar. 16, 1988, p. 4081). The Chair may deny 
further recognition to an offending Member, subject to the will of the 
House on the question of his proceeding in order (Speaker O'Neill, June 
16, 1982, p. 13843; July 29, 1994, p. 18609; Sept. 18, 1996, p. 23535). 
The Chair may admonish a Member for words spoken in debate and request 
that they be removed from the Record even prior to a demand that the 
words be taken down (Sept. 24, 1992, p. 27345).


[[Page 719]]

the Chair to determine whether a point of order from the floor is 
intended as a demand that words be taken down is not such intervening 
debate or business as would render the demand untimely (Oct. 2, 1984, p. 
28522). Unanimous consent is not required for a Member to withdraw his 
demand that words be taken down prior to a ruling by the Chair (June 18, 
1986, p. 14232; June 7, 2000, p. ----).
  This clause (former clause 5) prohibits the taking down of words after 
intervening business (V, 5177; VIII, 2536; Sept. 16, 1991, p. 23032; 
Mar. 28, 1996, p. 6934). However, a Member on his feet and seeking 
recognition at the appropriate time may yet be recognized to demand that 
words be taken down even though brief debate may have intervened, and a 
request that a Member uttering objectionable words yield does not 
forfeit the right to demand that the words be taken down (VIII, 2528). 
Action taken by

  While a demand that a Member's words be taken down is pending, that 
Member should be seated immediately (July 29, 1994, p. 18609; Jan. 25, 
1995, p. 2352), and no Member may engage the Chair until the demand has 
been disposed of (Nov. 9, 1995, p. 31913; Nov. 14, 1995, p. 32472). 
Where two Members consecutively demand that each others' words be taken 
down as unparliamentary, the Chair advises both Members to be seated and 
then directs the Clerk to report the first words objected to (June 19, 
1996, p. 14655). An offending Member may be directed by the Chair to be 
seated even if a formal demand that the Member's words be taken down is 
not pending; for example, where a Member declines to proceed in order at 
the directive of the Chair after points of order have been sustained 
against unparliamentary references in debate, the Chair may, under rule 
I and this rule, deny the Member further recognition as a disposition of 
the question of order, subject to the will of the House on the question 
of proceeding in order (Sept. 12, 1996, p. 22900; Sept. 17, 1996, p. 
23427; Sept. 18, 1996, p. 23535; see also Sec. 366, supra).

  The words having been read from the desk, the Chair decides whether 
they are in order (II, 1249; V, 5163, 5169, 5187), as read by the Clerk 
and not as otherwise alleged to have been uttered (June 9, 1992, p. 
13902). When a Member denies that the words taken down are the exact 
words used by himself, the question as to the words is put to the House 
for decision (V, 5179, 5180). Where demands are made to take down words 
both as spoken in a one-minute speech and as reiterated when the 
offending Member is permitted by unanimous consent to explain, the Chair 
may rule simultaneously on both (July 25, 1996, p. 19170). A decision of 
the Chair on a point of order that a Member is engaging in personalities 
is subject to appeal (Sept. 28, 1996, p. 25780).

  The rule permits a motion that an offending Member be permitted to 
explain before the Chair rules on the words taken down, and the Chair 
has discretion to ask for explanation before ruling on the words (Feb. 
1, 1940, p. 954). The Chair also may recognize an offending Member, 
permitted by unanimous consent, to explain words ruled out of order 
(Nov. 10, 1971, p. 40442).


[[Page 720]]

floor, and other Members may proceed to debate the same subject (July 
25, 1996, p. 19170). The offending Member will not lose the floor if the 
House permits the Member to proceed in order (see, e.g., May 10, 1990, 
p. 9992), which motion may be stated on the initiative of the Chair 
(Oct. 8, 1991, p. 25757; Mar. 29, 1995, p. 9676; July 25, 1996, p. 1970) 
or offered by any Member (July 25, 1996, p. 1970). The motion is not 
inconsistent with the immediate consequence of the call to order because 
this clause (former clause 4) also permits the House to determine the 
extent of the sanction for a given breach (Oct. 10, 1991, p. 26102). The 
motion is debatable within narrow limits of relevance under the hour 
rule, and consequently also is subject to the motion to lay on the table 
(Speaker Foley, Oct. 8, 1991, p. 25757).
  If words taken down are ruled out of order, the Member loses the floor 
(V, 5196-5199; Jan. 25, 1995, p. 2352) and may not proceed on the same 
day without the permission of the House (Jan. 29, 1946, p. 533; Aug. 21, 
1974, p. 29652; Jan. 25, 1995, p. 2352; Apr. 17, 1997, p. ----), even on 
yielded time (V, 5147), and may not insert unspoken remarks in the 
Record (Jan. 25, 1995, p. 2352), but still may exercise his right to 
vote or to demand the yeas and nays (VIII, 2546). The ruling does not 
take the issue off the

  Where a Member has been called to order not in response to a formal 
demand that words be taken down but in response to a point of order, the 
former practice was to test the opinion of the House by a motion ``that 
the gentleman be allowed to proceed in order'' (V, 5188, 5189; VIII, 
2534). Under the modern practice the Chair either may invite the 
offending Member to proceed in order (see, e.g., Sept. 12, 1996, p. 
22898) or, particularly where admonitions have been ignored, may deny 
the Member recognition for the balance of the time for which he was 
recognized, subject to the will of the House, as by a vote on the 
question whether the Member should be permitted to proceed in order 
(Sept. 12, 1996, p. 22899; Sept. 17, 1996, p. 23426; Sept. 18, 1996, p. 
23535; Sept. 25, 1996, p. 24759).

  Words taken down and ruled out of order by the Chair are subject to a 
motion that they be stricken or expunged from the Record. This motion 
has precedence (VIII, 2538-2541; Aug. 21, 1974, p. 29652), is often 
stated on the initiative of the Chair (May 10, 1990, p. 9992), and is 
debatable within narrow limits (VIII, 2539; Speaker Martin, June 12, 
1947, p. 6896). However, the motion may not be entertained in the 
Committee of the Whole (Feb. 18, 1941, p. 1126) or offered by the Member 
called to order (Feb. 11, 1941, pp. 894, 899), although that Member may 
ask unanimous consent to withdraw his words (VIII, 2528, 2538, 2540, 
2543, 2544; July 16, 1998, p. ----; June 28, 2000, p. ----).

  When disorderly words are spoken in the Committee of the Whole, they 
are taken down and read at the Clerk's desk, and the Committee rises 
automatically (VIII, 2533, 2538, 2539) and reports them to the House 
(II, 1257-1259, 1348). Action in the House on words reported from the 
Committee of the Whole is limited to the words reported (VIII, 2528), 
and it is not in order as a question of privilege in the House to 
propose censure of a Member for disorderly words spoken in Committee of 
the Whole but not reported therefrom (V, 5202). After words reported to 
the House from Committee of the Whole have been disposed of (by decision 
of the Chair and any associated action by the House), the Committee 
resumes its sitting without motion (VIII, 2539, 2541).


[[Page 721]]

although business may have intervened in certain exceptional cases, such 
as when disorderly words are part of an occurrence constituting a breach 
of privilege (II, 1657), when a Member's language has been investigated 
by a committee (II, 1655), when a Member has reiterated on the floor 
certain published charges (III, 2637), when a Member has uttered words 
alleged to be treasonable (II, 1252), or when a Member has uttered an 
attack on the Speaker (II, 1248; Jan. 4, 1995, p. 551; Jan. 19, 1995, p. 
1599).
  The House has censured a Member for disorderly words (II, 1253, 1254, 
1259, 1305; VI, 236). The House may proceed to censure or other action


Comportment
  For a discussion of resolving the use of objectional exhibits that are 
a breach of decorum, see Sec. 622, supra; and for a discussion of 
resolving the use of objectional exhibits that are not necessarily a 
breach of decorum, see clause 6, Sec. 963, infra.




Sec. 962. Decorum of Members in the Hall.

  5.  When the Speaker is 
putting a question or addressing the House, a Member, Delegate, or 
Resident Commissioner may not walk out of or across the Hall. When a 
Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner is speaking, a Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not pass between the person 
speaking and the Chair. During the session of the House, a Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not wear a hat or remain by the 
Clerk's desk during the call of the roll or the counting of ballots. A 
person may not smoke or use any personal, electronic office equipment, 
including cellular phones and computers, on the floor of the House. The 
Sergeant-at-Arms is charged with the strict enforcement of this clause.


  Until the 104th Congress this clause (former clause 7 of rule XIV) was 
made up of provisions adopted in 1789, 1837, 1871, and 1896. In the 
104th Congress a reference to the former Doorkeeper was deleted and the 
prohibition against using personal electronic office equipment was added 
(secs. 201 and 223, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, pp. 463, 469). Before the 
House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was 
found in former clause 7 of rule XIV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 722]]

gress the Speaker announced that the prohibition against Members wearing 
hats included doffing the hat in tribute to a group (Speaker Foley, June 
22, 1993, p. 13569; June 10, 1996, p. 13560). In the 96th Congress the 
Speaker announced that he considered as proper the customary and 
traditional attire for Members, including a coat and tie for male 
Members and appropriate attire for female Members (where thermostat 
controls had been raised in the summer to conserve energy); the House 
then adopted a resolution, offered as a question of the privileges of 
the House, requiring Members to wear proper attire as determined by the 
Speaker, and denying noncomplying Members the privilege of the floor 
(July 17, 1979, pp. 19008, 19073). In the 106th Congress Members were 
reminded of the need to be in proper attire in the Chamber (June 28, 
2000, p. ----). In the 97th Congress, the Speaker announced during a 
vote by electronic device that Members were not permitted under the 
traditions of the House to wear overcoats on the House floor (Dec. 16, 
1981, p. 31847).
  Originally Members wore their hats during sessions, as in Parliament, 
and the custom was not abolished until 1837 (II, 1136). In the 103d Con

  The prohibition against using personal electronic office equipment was 
affirmed by response to a parliamentary inquiry (Feb. 23, 1995, p. 
5639). The Chair announced that the use of cellular telephones was not 
permitted on the floor of the House or in the gallery (July 13, 1999, p. 
----; Oct. 7, 1999, p. ----; Jan. 27, 2000, p. ----) and that Members 
should disable wireless telephones on entering the Chamber (June 12, 
2000, p. ----; July 19, 2000, p. ----; Oct. 10, 2000, p. ----; Oct. 19, 
2000, p. ----).

  Smoking is not permitted in the Hall during sessions of the House 
(Oct. 15, 1990, p. 29248), nor during sittings of the Committee of the 
Whole (Aug. 14, 1986, p. 21707); and the prohibition extends to smoking 
behind the rail (Feb. 23, 1995, p. 5640).

  On the opening day of the 101st Congress, the Speaker prefaced his 
customary announcement of policies concerning such aspects of the 
legislative process as recognition for unanimous-consent requests and 
privileges of the floor with a general statement concerning decorum in 
the House, including particular adjurations against engaging in 
personalities, addressing remarks to spectators, and passing in front of 
the Member addressing the Chair (Jan. 3, 1989, p. 88; see also Jan. 5, 
1993, p. 105; Jan. 4, 1995, p. 551). In the 104th Congress the Speaker 
announced: (1) that Members should not traffic, or linger in, the well 
of the House while another Member is speaking (Feb. 3, 1995, p. 3541; 
Mar. 3, 1995, p. 6721; Dec. 15, 1995, p. 37111); and (2) that Members 
should not engage in disruption while another Member is speaking (Dec. 
20, 1995, p. 37878). Under this provision the Chair may require a line 
of Members waiting to sign a discharge petition to proceed to the 
rostrum from the far right-hand aisle and require the line not to stand 
between the Chair and Members engaging in debate (Oct. 24, 1997, p. ----
).

  Hissing and jeering is not proper decorum in the House (May 21, 1998, 
p. ----).


[[Page 723]]

ing such decorum (Sept. 17, 1997, p. ----). In the 105th Congress the 
House adopted a resolution offered as a question of the privileges of 
the House alleging indecorous behavior of a former Member and 
instructing the Sergeant-at-Arms to ban the former Member from the 
floor, and rooms leading thereto, until the resolution of a contested 
election to which he was party (H. Res. 233, Sept. 18, 1997, p. ----).

Exhibits
  A former Member must observe proper decorum under this clause, and the 
Chair may direct the Sergeant-at-Arms to assist the Chair in maintain




Sec. 963. Objections to use of exhibits.

  6.  When the use of an 
exhibit in debate is objected to by a Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner, the Chair, in his discretion, may submit the question of 
its use to the House without debate.


  This provision was rewritten in the 103d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 
1993, p. 49) to address the use of exhibits in debate rather than the 
reading from papers. As rewritten in the 103d Congress, an objection to 
the use of an exhibit automatically triggered a vote by the House on its 
use. The clause was amended in the 107th Congress to permit the Chair in 
his discretion to submit the question of its use to the House (sec. 
2(o), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). Before the House recodified its 
rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former rule XXX 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  When the use of an exhibit in debate was objected to before the clause 
was rewritten in the 107th Congress, the Chair immediately put the 
question on whether use of the exhibit would be permitted (the Chair was 
not determining a breach of decorum under clause 2 of rule I) (Nov. 1, 
1995, p. 31154; Nov. 10, 1995, p. 20689; July 31, 1996, p. 20689). The 
Chair put the question without debate, and without requiring the 
objecting Member to state the basis for the objection (Nov. 10, 1995, p. 
20689). As such, an objection under this rule was not a point of order: 
it could have been resolved by withdrawal of the exhibit; that failing, 
it amounted to a demand that the Chair put to the House the question 
whether the exhibit may be used (July 31, 1996, p. 20700).


[[Page 724]]

  It is not a proper parliamentary inquiry to ask the Chair to judge the 
accuracy of the content of an exhibit (Nov. 10, 1995, p. 32142). The 
Chair has held that a second virtually consecutive invocation of this 
provision, resulting in a second pair of votes on use of a chart and on 
reconsideration thereof, was not dilatory under former clause 10 of rule 
XVI (current clause 1 of rule XVI) or former clause 4(b) of rule XI 
(current clause 6(b) of rule XIII) (July 31, 1996, p. 20700). It is not 
in order to request that the voting display be turned on during debate 
as an exhibit to accompany a Member's debate (Oct. 12, 1998, p. ----).



Sec. 964. History of former rule on reading of 
papers.

  The earlier  form of the rule (former rule XXX), originally adopted in 1794 
and amended in 1802 and 1880 (V, 5257), addressed reading from papers. 
It recognized the right of a Member under the general parliamentary law 
to have read the paper on which the House is to vote (V, 5258), but when 
that paper had been read once, the reading could not be repeated unless 
by order of the House (V, 5260). The right could be abrogated by 
suspension of the rules (V, 5278-5284; VIII, 3400); but was not 
abrogated simply by the fact that the current procedure was taking place 
under the rule for suspension (V, 5273-5277). On a motion to refer a 
report, the reading of it could be demanded as a matter of right, but 
the latest ruling left to the House to determine whether or not an 
accompanying record of testimony should be read (V, 5261, 5262). In 
general the reading of a report was held to be in the nature of debate 
(V, 5292); but where a report presented facts and conclusions but no 
legislative proposition, it was read if submitted for action (IV, 4663). 
Where a paper is offered as involving a matter of privilege it may be 
read to the House (III, 2597; VI, 606; VIII, 2599), rather than by the 
Speaker privately (III, 2546), but a Member may not, as a matter of 
right, require the reading of a book or paper on suggestion that it 
contains matter infringing on the privileges of the House (V, 5258).


  The former rule XXX prohibiting the reading of papers in debate was 
held to apply to the exhibition of articles as evidence or in 
exemplification in debate (VIII, 2452, 2453; June 2, 1937, p. 6104; Aug. 
5, 1949, p. 10859), and the new form of the rule adopted in the 103d 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1993, p. 49) marks the modern relevance of 
that application. While Members may use exhibits such as charts during 
debate subject to this rule, the Speaker may, pursuant to his authority 
to preserve order and decorum under rule I (see Sec. 622, supra), direct 
the removal of a chart from the well of the House which is not being 
utilized during debate (Apr. 1, 1982, p. 6304), or which is otherwise 
disruptive of decorum.


[[Page 725]]

to read as much of the paper as possible in the time yielded or allotted 
to that Member, and did not necessarily grant permission to read or to 
insert the entire document (Mar. 1, 1979, p. 3748). Where a Member 
objected to another's reading from a paper, the Chair put the question 
without debate. It was not in order under the guise of parliamentary 
inquiry to debate that question by indicating that the objection was a 
dilatory tactic (Dec. 10, 1987, p. 34672).

Galleries


Sec. 965. Earlier practice.

  The reading  of papers other than 
the one on which the vote was about to be taken was usually permitted 
without question (V, 5258), and the Member in debate usually read such 
papers as he pleased. However, this privilege was subject to the 
authority of the House if another Member objected (V, 5285-5291; VIII, 
2597, 2602; Dec. 19, 1974, p. 41425; Dec. 10, 1987, p. 34669). This 
principle applied even to the Member's own written speech (V, 5258; 
VIII, 2598), to a report which he proposed to have read in his own time 
or to read in his place (V, 5293), and to excerpts from the 
Congressional Record (VIII, 2597). After the previous question was 
ordered, a Member could not ask the decision of the House on a request 
for the reading of a paper not before the House for action (V, 5296), 
even though it be the report of the committee (V, 5294, 5295). For 
further discussion, see Sec. Sec. 432-436, supra. Pursuant to the former 
form of this rule, the consent of the House for a Member to read a paper 
in debate only permitted the Member seeking such permission





Sec. 966. Gallery occupants not to be introduced.

  7.  During a 
session of the House, it shall not be in order for a Member, Delegate, 
or Resident Commissioner to introduce to or to bring to the attention of 
the House an occupant in the galleries of the House. The Speaker may not 
entertain a request for the suspension of this rule by unanimous consent 
or otherwise.



Congressional Record
  This clause was adopted April 10, 1933 (VI, 197). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former clause 8 of rule XIV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



Sec. 967. Revisions of remarks in debate.

  8. (a)  The 
Congressional Record shall be a substantially verbatim account of 
remarks made during the proceedings of the House, subject only to 
technical, grammatical, and typographical corrections authorized by the 
Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner making the remarks.


  (b) Unparliamentary remarks may be deleted only by permission or order 
of the House.




Sec. 968. Standard of conduct.

  (c)  This clause establishes a 
standard of conduct within the meaning of clause 3(a)(2) of rule XI.



[[Page 726]]

5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Under paragraph (a) a unanimous-consent 
request to revise and extend remarks permits a Member (1) to make 
technical, grammatical, and typographical corrections to remarks uttered 
and (2) to include in the Record additional remarks not uttered to 
appear in a distinctive typeface; however, such a unanimous-consent 
request does not permit a Member to remove remarks actually uttered 
(Jan. 4, 1995, p. 541). Paragraph (a) also applies to statements and 
rulings of the Chair (Jan. 20, 1995, p. 1866).

Secret sessions
  This clause was adopted in the 104th Congress (sec. 213, H. Res. 6, 
Jan. 4, 1995, p. 468). Before the House recodified its rules in the 
106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 9 of rule XIV 
(H. Res.




Sec. 969. Secret session of the House.

  9.  When confidential 
communications are received from the President, or when the Speaker or a 
Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner informs the House that he has 
communications that he believes ought to be kept secret for the present, 
the House shall be cleared of all persons except the Members, Delegates, 
Resident Commissioner, and officers of the House for the reading of such 
communications, and debates and proceedings thereon, unless otherwise 
ordered by the House.


  This provision (former rule XXIX), in a somewhat different form, was 
adopted in 1792, although secret sessions had been held by the House 
before that date. They continued to be held at times with considerable 
frequency until 1830. In 1880, at the time of the general revision of 
the rules, the House concluded to retain the rule, although it had been 
long in disuse (V, 7247; VI, 434). Before the House recodified its rules 
in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former rule XXIX (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  The two Houses have legislated in secret session, transmitting their 
messages also in secrecy (V, 7250); but the House has declined to be 
bound to secrecy by act of the Senate (V, 7249). Motions to remove the 
injunction of secrecy should be made with closed doors (V, 7254). In 
1843 a confidential message from the President was referred without 
reading; but no motion was made for a secret session (V, 7255).


[[Page 727]]

itself into secret session must qualify, as provided by the rule, by 
asserting that the Member has a secret communication to make to the 
House (June 6, 1978, p. 16376).
  The House and not the Committee of the Whole determines whether the 
Committee may sit in executive session, and an inquiry relative to 
whether the Committee of the Whole should sit in secret session is 
properly addressed to the Speaker and not to the Chairman of the 
Committee of the Whole (May 9, 1950, p. 6746; June 6, 1978, p. 16376; 
June 20, 1979, p. 15710). A Member seeking to offer the motion that the 
House resolve

  On June 20, 1979, the House adopted by voice vote a motion that the 
House resolve itself into secret session pursuant to this rule (the 
first such occasion since 1830), where the Member offering the motion 
had ensured the Speaker that he had confidential communications to make 
to the House as required by the rule (pp. 15711-13). The Speaker pro 
tempore announced on that occasion before the commencement of the secret 
session that the galleries would be cleared of all persons, that the 
Chamber would be cleared of all persons except Members and those 
officers and employees specified by the Speaker whose attendance was 
essential to the functioning of the secret session, who would be 
required to sign an oath of secrecy, and that all proceedings in the 
secret session must be kept secret until otherwise ordered by the House 
(June 20, 1979, pp. 15711-13). Where the House has concluded a secret 
session and has not voted to release the transcripts of that session, 
the injunction of secrecy remains and the Speaker may informally refer 
the transcripts to appropriate committees for their evaluation and 
report to the House as to ultimate disposition to be made (June 20, 
1979, pp. 15711-13).

  The following procedures apply during a secret session. The motion for 
a secret session is not debatable (June 20, 1979, p. 15711; Mar. 31, 
1998, p. ----). The Member who offers the motion may be recognized for 
one hour of debate after the House resolves into secret session, and the 
normal rules of debate, including the principle that no motions would be 
in order unless he yields for that purpose, apply. The Speaker having 
found that a Member has qualified to make the motion for a secret 
session, having confidential communications to make, no point of order 
lies that the material in question must be submitted to the Members to 
make that determination (the motion for a secret session having been 
adopted by the House). No point of order lies in secret session that 
employees designated by the Speaker as essential to the proceedings, who 
have signed an oath of secrecy, may not be present. A motion in secret 
session to make public the proceedings therein is debatable for one 
hour, within narrow limits of relevancy. At the conclusion of debate in 
secret session, a Member may be recognized to offer a motion that the 
session be dissolved (July 17, 1979, pp. 19057-59).


[[Page 728]]

had authorized those materials to be used in a secret session (Feb. 25, 
1980, p. 3618). Another secret session was held in the 98th Congress 
pending consideration of a bill amending the Intelligence Authorization 
Act to prohibit United States support for military or paramilitary 
operations in Nicaragua (July 19, 1983, p. 19776).
  The House conducted another secret session in the 96th Congress to 
receive confidential communications consisting of classified information 
in the possession of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Permanent 
Select Committee on Intelligence, which those committees had authorized 
to be used in a secret session of the House if ordered; on that occasion 
the Speaker overruled a point of order against the motion for a secret 
session since the Speaker must rely on the assurance of a Member that he 
has confidential communications to make to the House, and since the 
Speaker was aware that the committee with possession of the materials

  The House may subsequently by unanimous consent order printed in the 
Congressional Record proceedings in secret session, with appropriate 
deletions and revisions agreeable to the committees to which the secret 
transcript has been referred for review (July 17, 1979, p. 19049).



 
  Under his authority in clause 3 of rule I, the Speaker convened a 
classified briefing for Members on the House floor when the House was 
not in session (Mar. 18, 1999, p. ----).

                               Rule XVIII


Resolving into the Committee of the Whole
       the committee of the whole house on the state of the union




Sec. 970. Selection of Chairman of Committee of the Whole; and 
his power to preserve order.

  1.  Whenever the House resolves into the 
Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, the Speaker 
shall leave the chair after appointing a Chairman to preside. In case of 
disturbance or disorderly conduct in the galleries or lobby, the 
Chairman may cause the same to be cleared.



[[Page 729]]

  This provision (former clause 1(a) of rule XXIII), adopted in 1880, 
was made from two older rules dating from 1789 and modified in 1794 to 
provide for the appointment of the Chairman instead of the inconvenient 
method of election by the committee (IV, 4704). It was amended in the 
103d Congress to permit Delegates and the Resident Commissioner to 
preside in the Committee of the Whole (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1993, p. 49), 
but that authority was repealed in the 104th Congress (sec. 212(b), H. 
Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 468). Delegates presided in two instances 
during the 103d Congress (Oct. 6, 1994, p. 28533; Oct. 7, 1994, p. 
29167). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, 
this provision was found in former clause 1(a) of rule XXIII (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).




Sec. 971. Functions of the Chairman of the Committee of 
the Whole.

  The  Sergeant-at-Arms attends the sittings of the Committee of 
the Whole and, under direction of the Chairman, maintains order (I, 
257). Decisions of the Chairman on questions of order may be appealed. 
In stating the appeal the question is put as in the House: ``Shall the 
decision of the Chair stand as the judgment of the Committee?'' The 
Committee of the Whole may not postpone a vote on an appeal of a ruling 
of the Chair (even by unanimous consent); and an appeal of a ruling of 
the Chair may be withdrawn in the Committee of the Whole as a matter of 
right (June 8, 2000, p. ----). A majority vote sustains the ruling (Aug. 
1, 1989, p. 17159). In rare cases wherein the Chairman has been defied 
or insulted, he has directed the Committee to rise, left the chair and, 
on the chair being taken by the Speaker, has reported the facts to the 
House (II, 1350, 1651, 1653). While the Committee of the Whole does not 
control the Congressional Record, the Chairman may direct the exclusion 
of disorderly words spoken by a Member after he has been called to order 
(V, 6987), but may not determine the privileges of a Member under 
general ``leave to print'' (V, 6988). The Chairman decides questions of 
order arising in the Committee independently of the Speaker (V, 6927, 
6928), but has declined to consider a question that had arisen in the 
House just before the Committee began to sit (IV, 4725, 4726) or a 
question that may arise in the House in the future (June 21, 1995, p. 
16682). The Chairman does not take cognizance of a ``point of order'' 
against the legislative schedule, its announcement being the prerogative 
of the Leadership (Nov. 10, 1999, p. ----). He recognizes for debate (V, 
5003); but like the Speaker is forbidden to recognize for requests to 
suspend the rule of admission to the floor (V, 7285). He may direct the 
Committee to rise when the hour previously fixed for adjournment of the 
House arrives, or when the hour previously fixed by the House for 
consideration of other business arrives, in which case he reports in the 
regular way (IV, 4785; VIII, 2376; Aug. 22, 1974, p. 30077); but if the 
Committee happens to be in session at the hour fixed for the meeting of 
the House on a new legislative day, it rests with the Committee and not 
with the Chairman to determine whether or not the Committee shall rise 
(V, 6736, 6737). Although arguments on a point of order may not be 
revised, extended, or inserted, the Committee of the Whole by unanimous 
consent has allowed a Member to insert remarks about a point of order to 
follow the ruling thereon (July 13, 2000, p. ----).



[[Page 730]]

question without debate: ``Shall the House resolve itself into the 
Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for consideration 
of this matter?'', naming it.


Sec. 972. Speaker's declaration into Committee of the 
Whole pursuant to special order.

  2. (a)  Except as provided in paragraph (b) 
and in clause 7 of rule XV, the House resolves into the Committee of the 
Whole House on the state of the Union by motion. When such a motion is 
entertained, the Speaker shall put the



  (b) After the House has adopted a resolution reported by the Committee 
on Rules providing a special order of business for the consideration of 
a measure in the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, 
the Speaker may at any time, when no question is pending before the 
House, declare the House resolved into the Committee of the Whole for 
the consideration of that measure without intervening motion, unless the 
special order of business provides otherwise.


Measures requiring initial consideration in the Committee of the Whole
  Paragraph (a) was adopted when the House recodified its rules in the 
106th Congress to codify the form of the motion to resolve into the 
Committee of the Whole (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Paragraph (b) 
was added in the 98th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1983, p. 34). Before 
the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, paragraph (b) was 
found in former clause 1(b) of rule XXIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 
----).


[[Page 731]]

resolution, or Senate amendment that fails to comply with this clause is 
subject to a point of order against its consideration.



Sec. 973. Subjects requiring consideration in Committee of the 
Whole.

  3.  All bills, resolutions, or Senate amendments (as provided in 
clause 3 of rule XXII) involving a tax or charge on the people, raising 
revenue, directly or indirectly making appropriations of money or 
property or requiring such appropriations to be made, authorizing 
payments out of appropriations already made, releasing any liability to 
the United States for money or property, or referring a claim to the 
Court of Claims, shall be first considered in the Committee of the Whole 
House on the state of the Union. A bill,


  The first form of this rule was adopted in 1794 and was perfected by 
amendments in 1874 and 1896 (IV, 4792). Before the House recodified its 
rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 3 
of rule XXIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



Sec. 974. Construction of the rule, requiring 
consideration in Committee of the Whole.

  To require  consideration in Committee of 
the Whole, a bill must show on its face that it falls within the 
requirements of the rule (IV, 4811-4817; VIII, 2391). Where the 
expenditure is a mere matter of speculation (IV, 4818-4821; VIII, 2388), 
or where the bill might involve a charge but does not necessarily do so 
(IV, 4809, 4810), the rule does not apply. In passing upon the question 
as to whether a proposition involves a charge upon the Treasury, the 
Speaker is confined to the provisions of the text and may not take into 
consideration personal knowledge not directly deducible therefrom (VIII, 
2386, 2391). Resolutions reported by the Committee on House 
Administration appropriating from the contingent fund (now referred to 
as ``applicable accounts of the House described in clause 1(i)(1) of 
rule X'') of the House are considered in the House (VIII, 2415, 2416). 
Authorizations of expenditures from the contingent fund, under the later 
ruling (IV, 4862-4867) do not fall within the specifications of the rule 
(IV, 4868). A bill providing for an expenditure which is to be borne 
otherwise than by the Government (IV, 4831; VIII, 2400), or relating to 
money in the Treasury in trust (IV, 4835, 4836, 4853; VIII, 2413), is 
not governed by the rule. However, where a bill sets in motion a train 
of circumstances destined ultimately to involve certain expenditures, it 
must be considered in Committee of the Whole (IV, 4827; VIII, 2399), as 
well as bills ultimately authorizing officials in certain contingencies 
to part with property belonging to the United States (VIII, 2399). The 
requirements of the rule apply to amendments as well as to bills (IV, 
4793, 4794; VIII, 2331), and also to any portion of a bill requiring an 
appropriation, even though it be merely incidental to the bill's main 
purpose (IV, 4825). Under the later practice general (as well as private 
and special) bills providing for the adjudication and payment of claims 
are held to be within the requirements of the rule (IV, 4856-4859).



[[Page 732]]

in Committee of the Whole, they may not be sent there on the suggestion 
of the point of order that they contain matter ordinarily requiring 
consideration therein (V, 6559-6561). When a bill is made a special 
order (IV, 3216-3224), or when unanimous consent is given for its 
consideration (IV, 4823; VIII, 2393), the effect is to discharge the 
Committee of the Whole and bring the bill before the House itself for 
its consideration (IV, 3216; VII, 788), and in such event the bill is 
considered either in the House pursuant to a special order or ``in the 
House as in the Committee of the Whole'' (VIII, 2393). When a bill once 
considered in Committee of the Whole is recommitted, it is not, when 
again reported, necessarily subject to the point of order that it must 
be considered in Committee of the Whole (IV, 4828, 4829; V, 5545, 5546, 
5591).


Sec. 975. Subjects not requiring consideration in 
Committee of the Whole.

  The  House may consider in Committee of the Whole 
subjects not specified in the rule (IV, 4822); for example, major 
amendments to the Rules of the House have been considered in Committee 
of the Whole pursuant to special orders (H. Res. 988, Committee Reform 
Amendments of 1974, considered in Committee of the Whole pursuant to H. 
Res. 1395, Sept. 30, 1974, p. 32953; H.R. 17654, Legislative 
Reorganization Act of 1970, considered in Committee of the Whole 
pursuant to H. Res. 1093, July 13, 1970, p. 23901). While conference 
reports were formerly considered




Sec. 976. General practice as to consideration in 
Committee of the Whole.

  Provisions  placing liability jointly on the United States 
and the District of Columbia (IV, 4833), granting an easement on public 
lands or in streets belonging to the United States (IV, 4840-4842), 
dedicating public land to be forever used as a public park (IV, 4837, 
4838), providing site for statue (VIII, 2405), confirming grants of 
public lands (IV, 4843) and creating new offices (IV, 4824, 4846), have 
been held to require consideration in Committee of the Whole. Indian 
lands have not been considered property of the Government within the 
meaning of the rule (IV, 4844, 4845; VIII, 2413). While a bill removing 
the rate of postage has been held to be within the rule as affecting 
revenues (IV, 4861), a bill relating to taxes on bank circulation have 
not been so considered (IV, 4854, 4855).



Order of business
  The mere making of a unanimous-consent request to dispense with the 
reading of an amendment and to revise and extend remarks thereon is not 
such intervening business as would render a point of order untimely 
under this clause, where the Member making the point of order is on his 
feet seeking recognition (July 16, 1991, p. 18391; see Procedure, ch. 
31, sec. 5.7).



Sec. 977. Order of business in Committee of the 
Whole.

  4. (a)  Subject to subparagraph (b) business on the calendar of the 
Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union may be taken up 
in regular order, or in such order as the Committee may determine, 
unless the measure to be considered was determined by the House at the 
time of resolving into the Committee of the Whole.



[[Page 733]]

olutions making general appropriations have precedence under this 
clause.

  (b) Motions to resolve into the Committee of the Whole for 
consideration of bills and joint res

  The early practice left the order of taking up bills to be determined 
entirely by the Committee, but in 1844 the House began by rule to 
regulate the order, and in 1880 adopted the present rule (IV, 4729). 
When the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was transferred from former clause 4 of rule XXIII (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). At that time references in this provision to 
revenue bills and rivers and harbors bills were deleted to conform it to 
changes made to the Rules of House by the Committee Reform Amendments of 
1974 (H. Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470), which revoked the 
privilege to report such bills at any time.


Reading for amendment-
  The power of the Committee to determine the order of considering bills 
on its calendar is construed to authorize a motion to establish an order 
(IV, 4730) or a motion to take up a specified bill out of its order (IV, 
4731, 4732; VIII, 2333). Except in cases wherein the rules make specific 
provisions therefor a motion is not in order in the House to fix the 
order in which business on the calendars of the Committee of the Whole 
shall be taken up (IV, 4733). The Committee of the Whole having voted to 
consider a particular bill, and consideration having begun, a motion to 
reconsider or change that vote is not in order (IV, 4765). When there is 
unfinished business in Committee of the Whole, it is usually first in 
order (IV, 4735; VIII, 2334).


[[Page 734]]

privilege of debate shall be allowed in favor of and against any 
amendment that may be offered to an amendment. An amendment, or an 
amendment to an amendment, may be withdrawn by its proponent only by the 
unanimous consent of the Committee of the Whole.


Sec. 978. General debate and amendment under the fiveminute 
rule in Committee of the Whole.

  5. (a)  Before general debate commences on a 
measure in the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, 
it shall be read in full. When general debate is concluded or closed by 
order of the House, the measure under consideration shall be read for 
amendment. A Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner who offers an 
amendment shall be allowed five minutes to explain it, after which the 
Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner who shall first obtain the 
floor shall be allowed five minutes to speak in opposition to it. There 
shall be no further debate thereon, but the same



  (b) When a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner offers an 
amendment in the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, 
the Clerk shall promptly transmit five copies of the amendment to the 
majority committee table and five copies to the minority committee 
table. The Clerk also shall deliver at least one copy of the amendment 
to the majority cloakroom and at least one copy to the minority 
cloakroom.


[[Page 735]]

5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). Before the House recodified its rules in the 
106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 5(a) of rule 
XXIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). The recodification also 
conformed paragraph (a) to the recodified clause 8 of rule XVI to 
reflect the modern practice of first and second readings (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). The fact that copies of an amendment have not 
been made available as required in this clause is not grounds for a 
point of order against the amendment (June 21, 1974, p. 20609; Mar. 25, 
1976, p. 7997).
  A rule of 1789 provided that bills should be read and debated in 
Committee of the Whole and in the House by clauses. Although that rule 
has disappeared, the practice continues in Committee of the Whole but 
not in the House. Originally there was unlimited debate in Committee of 
the Whole both as to the bill generally and also as to any amendment. 
However, in 1841 the rule that no Member should speak more than an hour 
was applied both to the Committee of the Whole and the House. At the 
same time another rule was adopted to prevent indefinite prolongation of 
debate in Committee of the Whole by permitting the House by majority 
vote to order the discharge of the Committee of the Whole from the 
consideration of a bill after acting, without debate, on pending 
amendments and any other amendments that might be offered. The effect of 
this was to empower the House to close general debate at any time after 
it had actually begun in the Committee and thereby require amendments to 
be voted on without debate. In 1847 a rule provided that any Member 
proposing an amendment should have five minutes in which to explain it, 
and in 1850 an amendment to the rule also permitted five minutes in 
opposition and guarded against abuse by forbidding the withdrawal of an 
amendment once offered (V, 5221). In the 104th Congress the Speaker 
announced his intention to strictly enforce time limitations on debate 
(Jan. 4, 1995, p. 457). Paragraph (b), placing the responsibility for 
providing copies of amendments on the Clerk, was part of the Legislative 
Reorganization Act of 1970 (sec. 124; 84 Stat. 1140) and was added to 
the rule in the 92d Congress (H. Res.



Sec. 979. Motion to close general debate in 
Committee of the Whole.

  The motion  to close general debate in Committee of the 
Whole, successor in the practice to the motion to discharge provided by 
the rule of 1841, is made in the House pending the motion that the House 
resolve itself into Committee, and not after the House has voted to go 
into Committee (V, 5208). Though the motion is not debatable, the 
previous question is sometimes ordered on it to prevent amendment (V, 
5203). Where the previous question is ordered, the 40 minutes debate 
under clause 1(a) of rule XIX (former clause 2 of rule XXVII) is not 
allowed (VIII, 2555, 2690). General debate must have already begun in 
Committee of the Whole before the motion to limit debate it is in order 
in the House (V, 5204-5206). The motion may not apply to a series of 
bills (V, 5209) and must be offered to apply to the whole and not to a 
part of a bill (V, 5207). A proposition for a division of time may not 
be made as a part of it (V, 5210, 5211). The motion may not be made in 
Committee of the Whole (V, 5217; VIII, 2548); but, in absence of an 
order by the House, the Committee of the Whole may by unanimous consent 
determine as to general debate (V, 5232; VIII, 2553). Where the House 
has fixed the time, the Committee may not, even by unanimous consent, 
extend it (V, 5212-5216; VIII, 2321, 2550; Mar. 27, 1984, p. 6599; June 
17, 1999, p. ----). General debate must close before amendments, or 
motions for disposition of the bill, may be offered (IV, 4744, 4778; V, 
5221). General debate is closed by the fact that no Member desires to 
participate further (IV, 4745). Where no member of a committee 
designated to control time is present at the appropriate time during 
general debate in Committee of the Whole, the Chair may presume the time 
to have been yielded back (June 11, 1984, p. 15744).


  A simple motion to rise is in order during general debate if offered 
by a Member managing time or a Member to whom a manager yields for that 
purpose (June 10, 1999, p. ----). However, a Member may not, in time 
yielded to him for general debate, move that the Committee rise (May 25, 
1967, p. 14121) or yield to another for such motion (Feb. 22, 1950, p. 
2178; May 17, 2000, p. ----).-


[[Page 736]]

(V, 5221). Revenue, general appropriation, lighthouse, and river and 
harbor bills are generally read by paragraphs. Other bills are read by 
sections (IV, 4738, 4740). The matter is in the discretion of the Chair 
(VIII, 2341, 2344, 2346), although the Committee of the Whole has 
overruled his decision (VIII, 2347). A bill (or the remainder of a bill) 
may be considered as having been read and open to amendment by unanimous 
consent but not by motion (June 18, 1976, p. 19296). A Senate amendment, 
however, is read in entirety, and not by either paragraphs or sections 
(V, 6194) and an amendment in the nature of a substitute offered from 
the floor must also be read in its entirety and is then open to 
amendment at any point, and a unanimous-consent request in Committee of 
the Whole that it be read by sections for amendment is not in order 
(Mar. 25, 1975, p. 8490). To a bill read by paragraph, a motion to 
strike an entire title, encompassing multiple paragraphs, is not in 
order (Aug. 5, 1998, p. ----). The Committee of the Whole may not, even 
by unanimous consent, prohibit the offering of an amendment otherwise in 
order under the five-minute rule (July 31, 1984, p. 21701; Mar. 7, 1995, 
p. 11931). When a paragraph or section has been passed, it is not in 
order to return thereto (IV, 4742, 4743) except by unanimous consent 
(IV, 4746, 4747; Deschler's Precedents, vol. 8, ch. 26, sec. 2.26) or 
when, the reading of the bill being concluded and a motion to rise being 
decided in the negative, the Committee on motion votes to return (IV, 
4748). Where a bill is considered as read and open to amendment at any 
point, adoption of an amendment adding a new section at the end of the 
bill does not preclude subsequent amendments to previous sections of the 
bill (Apr. 17, 1986, p. 7861). However, the chairman may direct a return 
to a section whereon, by error, no action was had on a pending amendment 
(IV, 4750). Points of order against a paragraph should be made before 
the next paragraph is read (V, 6931; VIII, 2351). The paragraph or 
section having been read, and an amendment offered, the right to explain 
or oppose that amendment has precedence of a motion to amend it (IV, 
4751). In this debate recognitions are governed by the conditions of the 
pending question rather than by the general relations of majority and 
minority (V, 5223). The Member recognized may not yield time (V, 5035-
5037; May 8, 1987, p. 11832; Dec. 10, 1987, p. 34686) unless he remains 
on his feet (June 10, 1998, p. ----); and he must confine himself to the 
subject (V, 5240-5256; VIII, 2591). Where debate on an amendment is 
limited or allocated by special order to a proponent and an opponent, 
the Members controlling the debate may yield and reserve time; whereas 
debate time on amendments under the five-minute rule cannot be reserved 
(Aug. 1, 1990, p. 21425). A Member recognized under the five-minute rule 
may not yield to another Member to offer an amendment (Dec. 12, 14, 
1973, pp. 41171, 41716; Sept. 8, 1976, p. 29243; Mar. 7, 1995, p. 7107).


Sec. 980. Reading and amendment under the 
fiveminute rule.

  The reading  of the bill for amendment is not specifically 
required by the present form of the rule; but is done under a practice 
which was originally instituted by the rule of 1789 and has continued, 
although the rule was eliminated, undoubtedly by inadvertence, in the 
codification of 1880



[[Page 737]]

under a reservation of objection against the proponent's time for debate 
on the amendment (Feb. 3, 1993, p. 1978; May 27, 1993, p. 11931).
  Where the Chair recognizes the proponent of an amendment to propound a 
unanimous-consent request to modify the text of the amendment before 
commencing debate thereon, the Chair does not charge time consumed

  The Chair endeavors to alternate recognition to offer amendments 
between majority and minority Members (giving priority to committee 
members) (July 20, 2000, p. ----).-



[[Page 738]]

Quorum and voting


Sec. 981. Pro forma amendments under the fiveminute 
rule.

  The pro  forma amendment to ``strike out the last word'' has long been 
used for purposes of debate or explanation where an actual amendment is 
not contemplated (V, 5778; VIII, 2591). Unless a special rule precludes 
any amendment except pro forma amendments for the purpose of debate, a 
pro forma amendment may be voted on unless withdrawn (VIII, 2874). A 
Member who has occupied five minutes on a pro forma amendment to debate 
a pending substantive amendment may not lengthen this time by making 
another pro forma amendment (V, 5222; VIII, 2560), may not offer another 
pro forma amendment after intervening debate on a pending amendment, 
even on a subsequent day (July 14, 1998, p. ----), and may not extend 
debate time by offering a substantive amendment while other Members are 
seeking recognition (July 28, 1965, p. 18631). A Member recognized to 
offer a pro forma amendment under the five-minute rule may not during 
that time offer a substantive amendment but must be separately 
recognized for that purpose by the Chair (Nov. 19, 1987, p. 32880). A 
Member may speak in opposition to a pending amendment and subsequently 
offer a pro forma amendment and debate that (June 30, 1955, p. 9614); a 
Member may offer a second degree amendment and then offer a pro forma 
amendment to debate the underlying first degree amendment (June 28, 
1995, p. 17633); and a Member who has debated a substantive amendment 
may thereafter rise in opposition to a pro forma amendment thereto (July 
20, 1951, p. 8566). A Member who has offered a substantive amendment and 
then debated it for five minutes may not extend his time by offering a 
pro forma amendment, as it is not in order for the offeror of an 
amendment to amend his own amendment except by unanimous consent (Oct. 
14, 1987, p. 27898). A pro forma amendment may be offered after a 
substitute has been adopted and before the vote on the amendment, as 
amended, by unanimous consent only, since the amendment has been amended 
in its entirety and no further amendments, including pro forma 
amendments, are in order (Oct. 18, 1983, p. 28185; June 28, 1995, p. 
17633). A Member recognized on a pro forma amendment may not allocate or 
reserve time, though he may in yielding indicate to the Chair when he 
intends to reclaim his time (May 19, 1987, p. 12811; July 13, 1994, p. 
16438). The Chair endeavors to alternate recognition to offer pro forma 
amendments between majority and minority Members (giving priority to 
committee members) rather than between sides of the question (Mar. 21, 
1994, p. 5730).




Sec. 982. Failure of a quorum in Committee of the 
Whole.

  6. (a)  A quorum of a Committee of the Whole House on the state of the 
Union is 100 Members. The first time that a Committee of the Whole finds 
itself without a quorum during a day, the Chairman shall invoke the 
procedure for a quorum call set forth in clause 2 of rule XX, unless he 
elects to invoke an alternate procedure set forth in clause 3 or clause 
4(a) of rule XX. If a quorum appears, the Committee of the Whole shall 
continue its business. If a quorum does not appear, the Committee of the 
Whole shall rise, and the Chairman shall report the names of absentees 
to the House.


  (b)(1) The Chairman may refuse to entertain a point of order that a 
quorum is not present during general debate.

  (2) After a quorum has once been established on a day, the Chairman 
may entertain a point of order that a quorum is not present only when 
the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union is operating 
under the five-minute rule and the Chairman has put the pending 
proposition to a vote.

  (3) Upon sustaining a point of order that a quorum is not present, the 
Chairman may announce that, following a regular quorum call under 
paragraph (a), the minimum time for electronic voting on the pending 
question shall be five minutes.


[[Page 739]]

Union, the Chairman may announce an intention to declare that a quorum 
is constituted at any time during the quorum call when he determines 
that a quorum has appeared. If the Chairman interrupts the quorum call 
by declaring that a quorum is constituted, proceedings under the quorum 
call shall be considered as vacated, and the Committee of the Whole 
shall continue its sitting and resume its business.
  (c) When ordering a quorum call in the Committee of the Whole House on 
the state of the


  (d) A quorum is not required in the Committee of the Whole House on 
the state of the Union for adoption of a motion that the Committee rise.

  It was the early practice for the Committee of the Whole to rise on 
finding itself without a quorum (IV, 2977), and it was not until 1847 
that a rule (former clause 2(a) of rule XXIII) was adopted. The rule was 
amended in 1880, again in 1890 (which included the concept that a quorum 
in the Committee should be one hundred rather than a quorum of the House 
(IV, 2966)), and in 1971 (Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). On October 13, 1972 
(H. Res. 1123, p. 36012) the rule was amended to reflect the 
installation of the electronic voting system in the House Chamber. The 
clause was amended in the 93d Congress to permit the Chair to vacate 
proceedings under the call in his discretion when a quorum appears (H. 
Res. 998, Apr. 9, 1974, pp. 10195-99). In the 95th Congress the clause 
was substantially changed to allow quorum calls only under the five-
minute rule where the Chairman has put the question on a pending 
proposition, after a quorum of the Committee of the Whole has been once 
established on that day (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70). The clause 
was amended again in the 96th Congress to permit the Committee to 
continue its business following the appearance of a quorum so that the 
Speaker need not take the chair to receive the Committee's report of 
absentees as in previous practice, and to enable the Chairman to reduce 
to five minutes the period for a recorded vote immediately following a 
regular quorum call (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 1979, pp. 7-16). In the 97th 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1981, p. 98) the clause was amended to 
allow the Chairman the discretion whether or not to entertain a point of 
order of no quorum during general debate only. Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former clause 2(a) of rule XXIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 740]]

another bill on that day is irrelevant during consideration (Sept. 19, 
1984, p. 26082)). Where a recorded vote on a prior amendment or motion 
during the five-minute rule on that bill on that day has established a 
quorum, a subsequent point of no quorum during debate is precluded (June 
3, 1992, p. 13336), although a subsequent call of the Committee may be 
ordered by unanimous consent (May 10, 1984, p. 11869; Dec. 17, 1985, p. 
37469; June 25, 1986, p. 15551). A vote by division is not such 
intervening business as would preclude a five-minute vote under clause 
6(b)(3) (July 22, 1994, p. 17609).
  The Chairman of the Committee of the Whole must entertain a point of 
order of no quorum during the five-minute rule if a quorum has not yet 
been established in the Committee on the bill then pending (and the fact 
that a quorum of the Committee has previously been established on

  The Speaker interpreted clause 6(c) to permit the Chairman of the 
Committee of the Whole to announce in advance, at the time that the 
absence of a quorum is ascertained, that he will vacate proceedings when 
a quorum appears, and to convert to a regular quorum call if a quorum 
does not appear at any time during the call (May 13, 1974, p. 14148). 
The Chair need not convert to a regular quorum call precisely at the 
expiration of 15 minutes if 100 Members have not responded on a 
``notice'' quorum call but may continue to exercise his discretion to 
vacate proceedings at any time during the entire period permitted for 
the conduct of the call by clause 2 of rule XX (July 17, 1974, p. 
23673).

  Before the installation of the electronic system, a quorum in the 
Committee was established by a call of the roll. At one time the roll 
was called but once (IV, 2967); but in the later practice it was called 
twice as on other roll calls (VI, 668). Under the modern practice the 
Chairman normally directs that Members record their presence by 
electronic device. The Chair may however, in his discretion, order that 
Members respond by the alternative procedures in clause 3 of rule XX 
(alphabetical call of the roll) or clause 4(a) of rule XX (clerk 
tellers) (for the use of clerk tellers for a ``notice'' quorum call in 
Committee of the Whole, see July 13, 1983, p. 18858).


[[Page 741]]

Chair has relied on his immediately prior count on a point of no quorum 
and on his observation of several Members present but not voting on the 
division vote in finding the presence of a quorum of the Committee of 
the Whole (June 29, 1988, p. 16504). No quorum being present when a vote 
is taken in Committee of the Whole, and the Committee having risen 
before a quorum appeared, such vote is invalid, and the question is put 
de novo when the Committee resumes its business (VI, 676, 677). While an 
``automatic'' roll call (under clause 6(a) of rule XX) is not in order 
in Committee of the Whole, a point of order of no quorum may intervene 
between the announcement of a division vote result and the transaction 
of further business, and a demand for a recorded vote following the 
quorum call is not thereby precluded (Oct. 9, 1975, p. 32598). Where a 
recorded vote is refused but the Chair has not announced the result of a 
voice vote on an amendment, and the demand for a division vote remains 
possible, the question remains pending and the Chair is obligated to 
entertain a point of order of no quorum under this provision (June 6, 
1979, p. 13648).
  Where the Committee has risen to report the absence of a quorum, it 
resumes its session by direction of the Speaker on the appearance of a 
quorum (IV, 2968; VI, 674). The quorum which must appear to permit the 
Committee to continue its business is a quorum of the Committee and not 
of the House (IV, 2970, 2971). However, if such quorum fails to appear, 
a quorum of the House is required for the Committee to resume its 
sitting (VI, 674). It was formerly held that after the Committee has 
risen and reported its roll call, a motion to adjourn was in order 
before direction as to resumption of the session (IV, 2969); but under 
the later practice the Committee immediately resumed its session without 
intervening motion or unanimous-consent requests (VI, 672, 673; VIII, 
2377, 2379, 2436). The failure of a quorum of the House to answer on 
this roll call does not interfere with the authority of the Speaker to 
direct the Committee to resume its session (IV, 2969). The Chairman's 
count of a quorum is not subject to verification by tellers (VIII, 2369, 
2436), may not be challenged by an appeal (July 24, 1974, p. 25012), and 
may include those present and not voting (VI, 641). On a division vote 
totaling less than 100, the



Sec. 983. Rising and reports of Committee of the 
Whole.

  The presence  of a quorum is not necessary for adoption of a motion that the 
Committee of the Whole rise (IV, 2975, 2976, 4914; clause 6(d) of rule 
XVIII; Mar. 5, 1980, p. 4801; Oct. 3, 1985, p. 26096; May 21, 1992, p. 
12394).


  A simple motion that the Committee of the Whole rise is privileged 
(VIII, 2369), takes precedence over a motion to amend (May 21, 1992, p. 
12394), and is not debatable (May 17, 2000, p. ----). However, the 
motion cannot interrupt a Member who has the floor (VIII, 2370, 2371) 
and may be ruled out when dilatory (VIII, 2800). For a further 
discussion of the motion to rise, see Sec. 334, supra.


  A point of order of no quorum may not be entertained, on a day on 
which a quorum has been established, during the period after the 
Committee of the Whole has risen after completing its consideration of a 
bill or resolution and before the Chairman of the Committee has reported 
the bill or resolution back to the House. The Chairman having announced 
the absence of a quorum in Committee of the Whole, a motion to rise is 
in order and if a quorum develops on the vote by which the motion is 
rejected the roll is not called and the Committee proceeds with its 
business (VIII, 2369). The passage of a bill by the House is not 
invalidated by the fact that the Committee of the Whole reported it on 
an erroneous supposition that a record vote had disclosed a quorum (IV, 
2972).


  (e) In the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, the 
Chairman shall order a recorded vote on a request supported by at least 
25 Members.


[[Page 742]]

this provision was found in former clause 2(b) of rule XXIII (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

-  (f) <> In the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, 
the Chairman may reduce to five minutes the minimum time for electronic 
voting without any intervening business or debate on any or all pending 
amendments after a record vote has been taken on the first pending 
amendment.
  This provision was adopted in the 96th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 
1979, pp. 7-16). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress,


  (g) The Chairman may postpone a request for a recorded vote on any 
amendment. The Chairman may resume proceedings on a postponed request at 
any time. The Chairman may reduce to five minutes the minimum time for 
electronic voting on any postponed question that follows another 
electronic vote without interviewing business, provided that the minimum 
time for electronic voting on the first in any series of questions shall 
be 15 minutes.

  Paragraph (f) was added in the 102d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1991, 
p. 39). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, 
paragraph (f) was found in former clause 2(c) of rule XXIII (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). A vote by division is not such intervening 
business as would preclude a five-minute vote under this paragraph (July 
22, 1994, p. 17609).


[[Page 743]]

ceedings on a request for a recorded vote had been postponed could be 
modified by unanimous consent on the initiative of its proponent (Mar. 
30, 2000, p. ----); (3) a request for a recorded vote on an amendment on 
which proceedings had been postponed could be withdrawn by unanimous 
consent before proceedings resumed on the request as unfinished 
business, in which case the amendment stood disposed of by the voice 
vote thereon (May 16, 2000, p. ----); (4) it did not permit the Chair to 
postpone a vote on an appeal of a ruling of the Chair (even by unanimous 
consent) (June 8, 2000, p. ----); (5) the Committee of the Whole by 
unanimous consent could vacate postponed proceedings, thereby permitting 
the Chair to put the question de novo (June 20, 2000, p. ----); and (6) 
the Committee of the Whole could resume proceedings on unfinished 
business consisting of a ``stack'' of amendments even while another 
amendment was pending (July 10, 2000, p. ----). The offering of a pro 
forma amendment to discuss the legislative program, or an extended one-
minute speech by a Member to express gratitude to the Members on a 
personal matter, is considered intervening business such as to preclude 
a five-minute vote under this authority except by unanimous consent 
(June 22, 2000, p. ----; June 27, 2000, p. ----).
  Paragraph (g) was added in the 107th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 
2001, p. ----). Before the adoption of paragraph (g), the Chairman of 
the Committee of the Whole could not entertain a unanimous-consent 
request to reduce below 15 minutes the minimum time for recorded votes 
(June 18, 1987, p. 16764) or to postpone and cluster votes on amendments 
(July 13, 1995, p. 18871; Sept. 27, 1995, p. 26611; July 14, 1998, p. --
--). Special rules of the House prior to adoption of paragraph (g) 
routinely provided the Chairman of the Committee of the Whole authority 
to postpone and cluster requests for recorded votes. Where a special 
rule provided such authority: (1) use of that authority, and the order 
of clustering, was entirely within the discretion of the Chair (Aug. 5, 
1998, p. ----; Mar. 29, 2000, p. ----); (2) an amendment pending as 
unfinished business where pro



Sec. 985. Former provision for de novo vote where Delegates 
decisive.

    When the 103d Congress enabled voting by the Delegates and 
the Resident Commissioner in the Committee of the Whole, it also added a 
paragraph (d) to former clause 2 of rule XXIII to provide for immediate 
reconsideration in the House of questions resolved in the Committee of 
the Whole House on the state of the Union by a margin within which the 
votes of Delegates and the Resident Commissioner have been decisive (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1993, p. 49). When the 104th Congress repealed the 
authority for the Delegates and the Resident Commissioner to vote in the 
Committee of the Whole, it also repealed former clause 2(d) (sec. 
212(c), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 468).



Dispensing with the reading of an amendment
  Under the former paragraph (d), whether the votes cast by the 
delegates were decisive was determined by a ``but for'' test, the 
question being whether the result would have been different if their 
votes were not counted (May 19, 1993, p. 10409). An amendment adopted by 
immediate proceedings de novo in the House under the former paragraph 
(d) did not disturb the sequence of a ``king-of-the-hill'' procedure 
established by a special rule waiving all points of order against 
subsequent amendments (Mar. 17, 1994, p. 5388).


[[Page 744]]

of the Whole dispense with the reading of an amendment that has been 
printed in the bill or resolution as reported by a committee, or an 
amendment that a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner has caused 
to be printed in the Congressional Record. Such a motion shall be 
decided without debate.



Sec. 986. Motion to dispense with reading.

  7.  It shall be in 
order in the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union to 
move that the Committee



Closing debate-
  This provision was added in the 97th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 
1981, pp. 98-113) to permit a motion to dispense with the reading of 
certain amendments in the Committee of the Whole. Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former clause 5(b) of rule XXIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



Sec. 987. Closing the fiveminute debate in Committee of the 
Whole.

  8. (a)  Subject to paragraph (b) at any time after the Committee of the 
Whole House on the state of the Union has begun five-minute debate on 
amendments to any portion of a bill or resolution, it shall be in order 
to move that the Committee of the Whole close all debate on that portion 
of the bill or resolution or on the pending amendments only. Such a 
motion shall be decided without debate. The adoption of such a motion 
does not preclude further amendment, to be decided without debate.



[[Page 745]]

amendment to be printed in the Record shall be allowed five minutes to 
explain it, after which the Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner 
who shall first obtain the floor shall be allowed five minutes to speak 
in opposition to it. There shall be no further debate thereon.
  (b) If the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union 
closes debate on any portion of a bill or resolution before there has 
been debate on an amendment that a Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner has caused to be printed in the Congressional Record at 
least one day before its consideration, the Member, Delegate, or 
Resident Commissioner who caused the


  (c) Material submitted for printing in the Congressional Record under 
this clause shall indicate the full text of the proposed amendment, the 
name of the Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner proposing it, the 
number of the bill or resolution to which it will be offered, and the 
point in the bill or resolution or amendment thereto where the amendment 
is intended to be offered. The amendment shall appear in a portion of 
the Record designated for that purpose. Amendments to a specified 
measure submitted for printing in that portion of the Record shall be 
numbered in the order printed.

  This clause (former clause 6 of rule XXIII) was adopted in 1860, with 
amendments in 1880 and 1885 (V, 5221, 5224). Paragraph (b), permitting 
10 minutes for debate on an amendment that has been printed in the 
Record even after the Committee of the Whole closes debate, was inserted 
in the 92d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144) following the 
enactment of an identical provision in section 119 of the Legislative 
Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1140). In the 105th Congress that 
provision was amended to accommodate the printing of amendments to 
measures not yet reported (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). The third 
sentence, relating to the procedure for submitting and printing of 
amendments, was added in the 93d Congress (H. Res. 1387, Nov. 25, 1974, 
p. 37270). The last sentence, relating to the numbering of printed 
amendments, was added in the 104th Congress (sec. 217, H. Res. 6, Jan. 
4, 1995, p. 468). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, this provision was found in former clause 6 of rule XXIII (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). A clerical correction was effected to 
paragraph (c) in the 107th Congress (sec. 2(x), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, 
p. ----).


[[Page 746]]

or with the Official Reporters of Debates within 15 minutes following 
adjournment, and must bear the Member's original signature (Nov. 25, 
1974, p. 37270). Although ordinarily the expiration of time for debate 
on a bill and all amendments thereto precludes debate on amendments 
offered thereafter (July 18, 1968, p. 22110), debate on an amendment 
printed in the Record may nevertheless proceed for 10 minutes under this 
clause (Aug. 2, 1973, p. 27715). Printing an amendment in the Record 
under this clause permits debate notwithstanding a limitation of debate 
only if the amendment has been properly offered, and does not permit the 
offering of an amendment not otherwise in order under the rules (Apr. 
23, 1975, p. 11491); and the guaranteed five minutes may be claimed only 
if the offeror of the amendment is the Member who caused it to be 
printed under the rule (June 1, 1976, p. 16044; June 29, 1989, p. 13928; 
June 19, 1991, p. 15473). The guaranteed time applies to an amendment 
offered as a substitute for another amendment, rather than as a primary 
amendment, if offered in the precise form printed (June 26, 1979, p. 
16682), but where such a substitute amendment has not been printed in 
the Record it may not be debated unless time is yielded within the 
original 10 minutes (Dec. 10, 1987, p. 34710). Where a special order 
requires amendments to be printed in the Record to qualify during the 
consideration of a bill under the five-minute rule, but makes no 
designation concerning offerors, any printed amendment may be offered by 
any Member (Mar. 22, 1990, p. 5017); but only the Member causing the 
amendment to be printed is entitled to the time for debate guaranteed by 
this clause.
  The Speaker announced that amendments to be printed in the Record 
pursuant to this clause must be deposited in a separate box at the 
Rostrum

  The motion to close five-minute debate is not in order until such 
debate has begun (V, 5225; VIII, 2567), which means after one five-
minute speech (V, 5226; VIII, 2573). The motion to strike the enacting 
clause under clause 9 (former clause 7) of this rule is preferential to 
the motion to close debate (June 28, 1995, p. 17647; July 13, 1995, p. 
18872). Although any Member may move, or request unanimous consent, to 
limit debate under the five-minute rule, the manager of the bill has 
priority in recognition for such purpose (June 19, 1984, p. 17055). The 
House, as well as the Committee of the Whole, may close five-minute 
debate after it has begun (V, 5229, 5231), but rarely exercises this 
right. The motion to close debate, while not debatable (Apr. 23, 1975, 
p. 11534; June 5, 1975, p. 17187, July 14, 1998, p. ----), may be 
amended (V, 5227; VIII, 2578). A time limitation imposed by the 
Committee of the Whole under this clause may be rescinded or modified 
only by unanimous consent (Sept. 17, 1975, p. 28904). While the 
Committee of the Whole may limit debate on amendments, it may not 
restrict the offering of amendments in contravention of a special order 
adopted by the House (June 25, 1985, p. 17201). The Committee of the 
Whole by unanimous consent may limit and allocate control of time for 
debate on amendments not yet offered (May 6, 1998, p. ----). The motion 
may be ruled out when dilatory (V, 5734).


[[Page 747]]

on debate on a pending amendment in the nature of a substitute and all 
amendments thereto, but not on the underlying original text, debate on 
perfecting amendments to the original text proceeds under the five-
minute rule absent another time limitation (Apr. 13, 1983, p. 8402). 
Where the time for debate on a pending amendment in the form of a motion 
to strike and all amendments thereto has been limited, a subsequently 
offered perfecting amendment considered as preferential to (rather than 
as an amendment to) the motion to strike remains separately debatable 
outside the limitation (July 20, 1995, p. 19788). Where five-minute 
debate has been limited to a certain number of minutes without reference 
to a time certain, the time consumed by reading of amendments, quorum 
calls, points of order and votes does not reduce the amount of time 
remaining for debate (Oct. 3, 1969, p. 28459; Nov. 9, 1971, p. 40060). 
However, where debate has been limited to a time certain, such 
activities as reading and voting consume time otherwise available for 
debate (May 6, 1970, p. 14452; Oct. 7, 1976, p. 26305). Unlike time 
placed under a Member's control, five-minute debate (or time derived 
therefrom under a limitation) may not be reserved or yielded in blocks 
except by unanimous consent (Mar. 2, 1976, p. 4992; May 11, 1976, p. 
13416; June 14, 1977, p. 18833). A motion to limit debate on a pending 
amendment may neither allocate the time proposed to remain nor vary the 
order of recognition to close debate, though the Committee of the Whole 
may do either separately by unanimous consent (July 12, 1988, p. 17767). 
The Committee of the Whole may: (1) by motion, limit debate on a pending 
committee amendment in the nature of a substitute (considered as read) 
and on all amendments thereto to a time certain; and then (2) by 
unanimous-consent request or motion, separately limit debate on each 
perfecting amendment as it is offered (Mar. 16, 1983, p. 5794).
  The closing of debate on the last section of a bill does not preclude 
debate on a substitute for the whole text (V, 5228). Where there is a 
time limitation


[[Page 748]]

  Under a limitation on debate the Chair may, in his discretion, choose 
among the following: (1) permit continued debate under the five-minute 
rule; (2) divide the remaining time among those desiring to speak; or 
(3) divide the remaining time between a proponent and an opponent to be 
yielded by them to other Members (May 25, 1982, p. 11672; May 10, 2000, 
p. ----). The Chair also may, in his discretion, give priority in 
recognition under a limitation to those Members seeking to offer 
amendments, over other Members standing at the time the limitation was 
agreed to (May 26, 1977, pp. 16950-52). Where time for debate has been 
limited on a bill and all amendments thereto to a time certain several 
hours away, the Chair may, in his discretion, continue to proceed under 
the five-minute rule until he desires to allocate remaining time on 
possible amendments, and may then divide that time among proponents of 
anticipated amendments and committee members opposing those amendments 
(July 16, 1981, p. 16044; Feb. 28, 1995, pp. 6306-08; May 10, 2000, p. 
----). The Chair has discretion to reallocate time to conform to the 
limit set by unanimous consent of the Committee of the Whole (Mar. 16, 
1995, p. 8115).


Striking the enacting clause
  As codified in clause 3(c) of rule XVII (and except as indicated in 
Sec. 959, supra) the manager of the bill, and not the proponent of the 
pending amendment, has the right to close controlled debate on an 
amendment (July 16, 1981, p. 16043), even where he is also the proponent 
of a pending amendment to the amendment (Mar. 16, 1983, p. 5792).




Sec. 988. The motion to strike out the enacting words of a 
bill.

  9.  A motion that the Committee of the Whole House on the state of 
the Union rise and report a bill or resolution to the House with the 
recommendation that the enacting or resolving clause be stricken shall 
have precedence of a motion to amend, and, if carried in the House, 
shall constitute a rejection of the bill or resolution. Whenever a bill 
or resolution is reported from the Committee of the Whole with such 
adverse recommendation and the recommendation is rejected by the House, 
the bill or resolution shall stand recommitted to the Committee of the 
Whole without further action by the House. Before the question of 
concurrence is submitted, it shall be in order to move that the House 
refer the bill or resolution to a committee, with or without 
instructions. If a bill or resolution is so referred, then when it is 
again reported to the House it shall be referred to the Committee of the 
Whole without debate.



[[Page 749]]

(V, 5326, 5332). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, this provision was found in former clause 7 of rule XXIII (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). The motion must be in writing and in the 
proper form (July 24, 1986, p. 17641; Aug. 15, 1986, p. 22071; Sept. 12, 
1986, p. 23178).
  The practice of rejecting a bill by striking out the enacting words 
dates from a time as early as 1812, but the first rule on the subject 
was not adopted until 1822. By amendments in 1860, 1870, and 1880 the 
rule has been brought into its present form (V, 5326). The rule before 
1880 applied in the House as well as in Committee of the Whole. In the 
revision of 1880, it was classified among the rules relating to the 
Committee of the Whole, but there is nothing to indicate that this 
change was intended to limit the scope of the motion. It was probably a 
recognition merely of the fact that the motion was used most frequently 
in Committee of the Whole



Sec. 989. Practice as to use of the motion to 
strike out the enacting clause.

  The motion  may not be made until the first 
section of the bill has been read (V, 5327; VIII, 2619). Having 
precedence of a motion to amend, it may be offered while an amendment is 
pending (V, 5328-5331; VIII, 2622, 2624, 2627). The motion takes 
precedence over the motion to amend and therefore over the motion to 
rise and report at the end of the reading of a general appropriation 
bill for amendment under clause 2(d) of rule XXI (July 24, 1986, p. 
17641). The motion also takes precedence over a motion to limit debate 
on pending amendments (June 28, 1995, p. 17647; July 13, 1995, p. 
18874). Where a special order provides that a bill shall be open to 
amendment in Committee of the Whole, a motion to strike out the enacting 
words is in order (VII, 787); contra (IV, 3215), but after the stage of 
amendment has been passed the motion to strike out the enacting words is 
not in order (IV, 4782; VIII, 2368). Where a bill is being considered 
under a special order which permits only committee amendments and no 
amendments thereto, a motion that the Committee rise and report with the 
recommendation that the enacting clause be stricken is not in order 
where no committee amendments are in fact offered (Apr. 16, 1970, p. 
12092).


  The motion is debatable as to the merits of the bill, but may not go 
beyond its provisions (V, 5336). The debate on the motion is governed by 
the five-minute rule (V, 5333-5335; VIII, 2618, 2628-2631); only two 
five-minute speeches are in order (V, 5335; VIII, 2629), and time may 
not be reserved (May 22, 1991, p. 11830); thus where a Member recognized 
for five minutes in opposition to the motion yields back his time 
another Member may not claim the unused portion thereof (Mar. 3, 1988, 
p. 3241). Members of the committee managing the bill have priority in 
recognition for debate in opposition to the motion (May 5, 1988, p. 
9955; June 26, 1991, p. 16436). The Chair will not announce in advance 
the Member to be recognized in opposition to the motion (July 17, 1996, 
p. 17543). The motion is not debatable after the expiration of time for 
debate on the pending bill and all amendments thereto (July 9, 1965, p. 
16280; July 19, 1973, p. 24961; June 19, 1975, p. 19785), but it is 
debatable where the limitation is only on an amendment in the nature of 
a substitute being read as an original bill for the purpose of amendment 
under a special order (June 20, 1975, p. 19966). For more concerning 
debate on the motion, see Deschler's Precedents, vol. 5, ch. 19, sec. 
12.


[[Page 750]]

of the bill (June 21, 1962, p. 11369), nor does the adoption of an 
amendment to a proposed amendment to the bill. However, adoption of an 
amendment to an amendment in the nature of a substitute read as an 
original bill pursuant to a special order does qualify as a modification 
of the bill (June 20, 1975, p. 19970). A motion that is withdrawn by 
unanimous consent rather than voted on by the Committee does not 
preclude the offering of another motion on the same day without a 
material modification of the bill (May 9, 1996, p. 10758).
  A second motion to strike out the enacting clause is not entertained 
on the same legislative day in the absence of any material modification 
of the bill (VIII, 2636), but the motion may be repeated on a subsequent 
legislative day without change in the bill (May 6, 1950, p. 6571). The 
rejection of a proposed amendment to the bill does not qualify as a 
modification

  A point of order against the motion should be made before debate 
thereon has begun (V, 6902; VIII, 3442; May 6, 1950, p. 6571), and when 
challenged the Member offering the motion must qualify as being opposed 
to the bill (Mar. 13, 1942, p. 2439; May 6, 1950, p. 6571; June 14, 
1979, p. 14995; Jan. 26, 1995, p. 2521). When a bill is reported from 
the Committee of the Whole with the recommendation that the enacting 
words be stricken out, the motion to strike out is debatable (V, 5337-
5340), but a motion to lay on the table is not in order (V, 5337). The 
previous question may be moved on the motion to concur without applying 
to further action on the bill (V, 5342). When the House disagrees to the 
action of the Committee in striking out the enacting words and does not 
refer it under the provisions of the rule, it goes back to the Committee 
of the Whole, where it becomes unfinished business (V, 5326, 5345, 5346; 
VIII, 2633). Notwithstanding that consideration of the pending bill was 
governed by a ``modified-closed'' rule permitting only specified 
amendments, pending the concurrence of the House with a recommendation 
of the Committee of the Whole that the enacting clause be stricken, the 
House could by instructions in a motion to refer under this clause 
direct the Committee of the Whole to consider additional germane 
amendments (Apr. 14, 1994, p. 7452). When the enacting words of a bill 
are stricken out, the bill is rejected (V, 5326). When the enacting 
clause of a Senate measure is stricken, the bill is rejected (V, 5326); 
and the Senate is so informed (IV, 3423; VIII, 2638; June 20, 1946, p. 
7211; Oct. 4, 1972, p. 33787).


Concurrent resolution on the budget
  When, on Calendar Wednesday, the House disagrees to the recommendation 
of the Committee of the Whole that the enacting words be stricken out, 
the House automatically resolves itself into Committee of the Whole for 
its further consideration (VII, 943). When the bill is thus again taken 
up in Committee of the Whole it is taken up as unfinished business and 
is open to amendment, and the motion to strike out the enacting words 
may be again offered (VIII, 2633).


[[Page 751]]

under section 305(a) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, the 
concurrent resolution shall be considered as read for amendment.


Sec. 990. Reading concurrent resolution on budget for 
amendment.

  10. (a)  At the conclusion of general debate in the Committee of the 
Whole House on the state of the Union on a concurrent resolution on the 
budget


  (b) It shall not be in order in the House or in the Committee of the 
Whole House on the state of the Union to consider an amendment to a 
concurrent resolution on the budget, or an amendment thereto, unless the 
concurrent resolution, as amended by such amendment or amendments--

      (1) would be mathematically consistent except as limited by 
paragraph (c); and

      (2) would contain all the matter set forth in paragraphs (1) 
through (5) of section 301(a) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974.

  (c)(1) Except as specified in subparagraph (2), it shall not be in 
order in the House or in the Committee of the Whole House on the state 
of the Union to consider an amendment to a concurrent resolution on the 
budget, or an amendment thereto, that proposes to change the amount of 
the appropriate level of the public debt set forth in the concurrent 
resolution, as reported.



[[Page 752]]


  (2) Amendments to achieve mathematical consistency under section 
305(a)(5) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, if offered by 
direction of the Committee on the Budget, may propose to adjust the 
amount of the appropriate level of the public debt set forth in the 
concurrent resolution, as reported, to reflect changes made in other 
figures contained in the concurrent resolution.


Unfunded mandates
  Paragraph (a) (first sentence of former clause 8 of rule XXIII) was 
added to the rules on January 4, 1977 (H. Res. 5, 95th Cong., pp. 53-
70). Paragraph (b) (second sentence of former clause 8 of rule XXIII) 
was adopted in the 96th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 1979, pp. 7-16). 
In the 96th Congress paragraph (b) was amended further and paragraph (c) 
(third sentence of former clause 8 of rule XXIII) was added by Public 
Law 96-78 (93 Stat. 589) and was originally intended to apply to 
concurrent resolutions on the budget for fiscal years beginning on or 
after October 1, 1980 (fiscal 1980). However, in the 96th Congress the 
provisions of that public law amending the Rules of the House were made 
applicable to the third concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal 
year 1980 as well as the first concurrent resolution on the budget for 
fiscal year 1981 (H. Res. 642, Apr. 23, 1980, p. 8789). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former clause 8 of rule XXIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



Sec. 991. Unfunded mandates.

  11. (a)  In the Committee of the 
Whole House on the state of the Union, an amendment proposing only to 
strike an unfunded mandate from the portion of the bill then open to 
amendment, if otherwise in order, may be precluded from consideration 
only by specific terms of a special order of the House.



  (b) In this clause the term ``unfunded mandate'' means a Federal 
intergovernmental mandate the direct costs of which exceed the threshold 
otherwise specified for a reported bill or joint resolution in section 
424(a)(1) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974.



[[Page 753]]

Applicability of Rules of the House
  This provision (former clause 5(c) of rule XXIII) was added by the 
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (sec. 107(a), P.L. 104-4; 109 Stat. 
63). It was amended later in the 104th Congress to effect a technical 
correction (H. Res. 254, Nov. 30, 1995, p. 35077), and in the 105th 
Congress to clarify that it applies to intergovernmental mandates (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). Before the House recodified its rules in 
the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 5(c) of 
rule XXIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).




Sec. 992. Application of Rules of House to the Committee of 
the Whole.

  12.  The Rules of the House are the rules of the Committee of 
the Whole House on the state of the Union so far as applicable.


  This clause was adopted in 1789 (IV, 4737). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former clause 9 of rule XXIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 754]]

special order (July 28, 1988, p. 19491; Speaker Wright, Aug. 11, 1988, 
p. 22105; June 10, 1998, p. ----; July 29, 1999, p. ----); (13) to 
permit another to offer an amendment vested in a specified Member (May 
1, 1990, p. 9030); or (14) to permit a division of the question on an 
amendment rendered indivisible by a special order (July 16, 1996, p. 
17318).


Sec. 993. Modification of special 
orders.

  A unanimous-consent  request may not be entertained in the Committee of the Whole 
by the Chair if its effect is to materially modify procedures required 
by a special rule or order adopted by the House. For example, the 
following unanimous-consent requests may not be entertained in the 
Committee of the Whole: (1) to permit a perfecting amendment to be 
offered to the underlying bill where a special rule permitted its 
consideration only as a perfecting amendment to a committee amendment 
(Aug. 2, 1977, p. 26161); (2) to permit a substitute to be read by 
section for amendment where the special rule did not so provide (Dec. 
12, 1973, p. 41153); (3) to extend the time limitation for consideration 
of amendments beyond that set by a special order requiring the Chair to 
put the question on the pending amendments at the expiration of certain 
hours of consideration (Apr. 10, 1986, p. 7079; Oct. 30, 1991, p. 29213; 
Aug. 3, 1999, p. ----; Oct. 21, 1999, p. ----); (4) to restrict ``en 
blocking'' authority granted in a special order (Sept. 11, 1986, p. 
22871; June 21, 1989, p. 12744); (5) to change the scheme for control 
(Oct. 9, 1986, p. 29984) or duration (Aug. 1, 1989, p. 17143; Mar. 12, 
1991, p. 5799; Mar. 17, 1993, p. 5385; June 17, 1999, p. ---- (Chair 
corrected himself)) of general debate specified by the House; (6) to 
reduce below 15 minutes the minimum time for recorded votes in the 
Committee of the Whole (June 18, 1987, p. 16764); (7) to postpone and 
cluster votes on amendments (July 13, 1995, p. 18872; Sept. 27, 1995, p. 
26611; July 14, 1998, p. ----); (8) to preempt the Chair's discretion 
(granted by a special order) to postpone and cluster votes or to 
schedule further consideration of a pending measure to a subsequent day 
(June 4, 1992, p. 13625; July 13, 1995, p. 18872; Aug. 2, 1999, p. ----
); (9) to postpone a vote on an appeal of a ruling of the Chair (June 8, 
2000, p. ----); (10) to permit an amendment offered by another Member to 
an amendment rendered unamendable by a special order or to permit a 
subsequent amendment changing such unamendable amendment already adopted 
(Nov. 18, 1987, p. 32643; July 26, 1989, p. 16411; July 24, 1996, p. 
18907); (11) to permit consideration of an amendment out of the order 
specified in a special rule (May 25, 1988, p. 12275; Oct. 3, 1990, p. 
27354; Oct. 31, 1991, p. 29359; Nov. 19, 1993, p. 30472; June 10, 1998, 
p. ----); (12) to permit consideration of an additional amendment or to 
authorize a supplemental report from the Committee on Rules in lieu of 
the original report referred to in the


  Unanimous-consent requests have been entertained in Committee of the 
Whole: (1) to permit the modification of a designated amendment made in 
order by a special rule, once offered, if the request is propounded by 
the proponent of the amendment (Sept. 1, 1976, p. 28877; Nov. 19, 1993, 
p. 30472; July 24, 1996, p. 18906; Mar. 29, 2000, p. ----), including as 
unfinished business where proceedings on a request for a recorded vote 
have been postponed (Mar. 30, 2000, p. ----); (2) to permit a page 
reference to be included in a designated amendment made in order as 
printed where the printed amendment did not include that reference (Apr. 
1, 1976, p. 9091); (3) to permit a supporter of an amendment to claim 
debate time allocated by special order to an opponent, where no opponent 
seeks recognition (May 23, 1990, p. 11988); (4) to shorten the time set 
by special order for debate on a particular amendment (Aug. 1, 1990, p. 
21510; Mar. 29, 1995, p. 9742); (5) to lengthen the time set by special 
order for debate on a particular amendment under terms of control 
congruent with those set by the order of the House (May 11, 1988, p. 
10495; May 21, 1991, p. 11646; Mar. 22, 1995, p. 8769; June 27, 1995, p. 
17329; Nov. 2, 1995, p. 31376); (6) to permit en bloc consideration of 
several amendments under a ``modified-closed'' special order providing 
for the sequential consideration of designated separate amendments (Aug. 
10, 1994, p. 20768); (7) to permit one of two committees controlling 
time for general debate pursuant to a special order to yield control of 
its time to the other (Aug. 18, 1994, p. 23118); (8) to permit the 
offering of pro forma amendments for the purpose of debate under a 
``modified-closed'' special order limiting both amendments and debate 
thereon (July 17, 1996, p. 17563; July 24, 1996, p. 18896); (9) to reach 
ahead in the reading of a general appropriation bill to consider one 
amendment without prejudice to others earlier in the bill under a 
special order of the House contemplating that each remaining amendment 
be offered only at the ``appropriate point in the reading of the bill'' 
(Mar. 29, 2000, p. ----); and (10) to permit the reading of an amendment 
that already was considered as read under the special order of the House 
(June 13, 2000, p. ----).


[[Page 755]]

description of the authority under clause 6(g) of this rule for the 
Chairman of the Committee of the Whole to postpone and cluster requests 
for recorded votes on amendments (which, prior to the adoption of that 
clause, was routinely provided by special orders of the House), and the 
Chair's interpretation thereof, see Sec. 984, infra.


 
  By unanimous consent the House may delegate to the Committee of the 
Whole authority to entertain unanimous-consent requests to change 
procedures contained in an adopted special order (Aug. 11, 1986, p. 
20633). The Member offering an amendment in the Committee of the Whole 
pursuant to a special order of the House has the burden of proving that 
it meets the description of the amendment made in order (July 17, 1996, 
p. 17553). The Chair advised the Committee that an amendment made in 
order was described by subject matter rather than by prescribed text and 
that the pending amendment fit such description (July 20, 2000, p. ----
). For a

                                Rule XIX


Previous question
                  motions following the amendment stage




Sec. 994. The previous question.

  1. (a)  There shall be a motion 
for the previous question, which, being ordered, shall have the effect 
of cutting off all debate and bringing the House to a direct vote on the 
immediate question or questions on which it has been ordered. Whenever 
the previous question has been ordered on an otherwise debatable 
question on which there has been no debate, it shall be in order to 
debate that question for 40 minutes, equally divided and controlled by a 
proponent of the question and an opponent. The previous question may be 
moved and ordered on a single question, on a series of questions 
allowable under the rules, or on an amendment or amendments, or may 
embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the bill or 
resolution to its passage, adoption, or rejection.



[[Page 756]]

was changed to permit ordering the previous question to final passage 
(V, 5443). When the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, it 
consolidated former clause 1 of rule XVII and a provision included in 
former clause 2 of rule XXVII, permitting 40 minutes debate on which the 
previous question has been ordered without there having been debate 
under this clause. The 106th Congress also transferred the provision 
addressing the motion to commit from clause 1 of rule XVII to clause 2 
of this rule (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).
  The House adopted a rule for the previous question in 1789, but did 
not turn it into an instrument for closing debate until 1811. The 
history of the motion for the previous question is discussed in V, 5443, 
5446; VIII, 2661. In 1880 the previous question rule was amended to 
apply to single motions or a series of motions as well as to amendments, 
and the motion to commit pending the motion for the previous question or 
after the previous question is ordered to passage was added (V, 5443). 
From 1880 to 1890, the previous question could only be ordered to the 
engrossment and third reading, and then again ordered on passage, but in 
1890 the rule



Sec. 995. Effect of previous question on 
debate.

  The  previous question is the only motion used for closing debate 
in the House itself (V, 5456; VIII, 2662). It is not in order in 
Committee of the Whole (IV, 4716; Apr. 25, 1990, p. 8257) but is in 
order in the House as in Committee of the Whole (VI, 639). The motion 
may not include a provision that it shall take effect at a certain time 
(V, 5457). Forty minutes of debate are allowed whenever the previous 
question is ordered on an otherwise debatable proposition on which there 
has been no debate (V, 6821; VIII, 2689; Sept. 13, 1965, p. 23602) 
unless there has been debate, even though brief, before the ordering of 
the previous question (V, 5499-5501). This preliminary debate should be 
on the merits of the question if the 40 minutes of debate are to be 
denied for reason of it (V, 5502). The 40 minutes should be demanded 
before division has begun on the main question (V, 5496). It may not be 
demanded on incidental motions, but is confined to the main question (V, 
5497, 5498; VIII, 2687). It may not be demanded on a proposition that 
has been debated in Committee of the Whole (V, 5505), or on a conference 
report if the subject matter of the report was debated before being sent 
to conference (V, 5506, 5507). When the previous question is ordered 
merely on an amendment that has not been debated, the 40 minutes are 
allowed (V, 5503); but the same liberty of debate is not allowed when 
the question covers both an undebated amendment and the original 
proposition (V, 5504). It was also denied on a resolution to correct an 
error in an enrolled bill (V, 5508). The 40 minutes is divided, one half 
to those favoring and the other half to those opposing (V, 5495).



[[Page 757]]

ing consideration ``in the House as in Committee of the Whole'' it may 
be demanded while Members still desire to offer amendments (IV, 4926-
4929; VI, 639), but it may not be moved on a single section of a bill 
(IV, 4930). When ordered on a resolution with a preamble there is doubt 
of its application to the preamble, unless the motion specifies (V, 
5469, 5470). It may be moved on a series of resolutions, but this does 
not preclude a division of the resolutions on the vote (V, 5468), 
although where two propositions on which the previous question is moved 
are related, as in the case of a special order reported from the 
Committee on Rules and a pending amendment thereto, a division is not in 
order (Sept. 25, 1990, p. 25575). The previous question is often ordered 
on nondebatable propositions to prevent amendment (V, 5473, 5490), but 
may not be moved on a motion that is both nondebatable and unamendable 
(IV, 3077). It applies to questions of privilege as to other questions 
(II, 1256; V, 5459, 5460; VIII, 2672).


Sec. 996. Application of the previous 
question.

  The  provisions of the rule define the application of the 
previous question with considerable accuracy. It may not be moved on 
more than one bill, or on motions to agree to a conference report while 
also to dispose of differences not included in the report, except by 
unanimous consent (V, 5461-5465). When ordered on a motion to send to 
conference, it applies to that motion alone and does not extend to a 
subsequent motion to instruct conferees (VIII, 2675). It may apply to 
the main question and a pending motion to refer (V, 5466; VI, 373; VIII, 
2678), or to a pending resolution and a pending amendment thereto (Sept. 
25, 1990, p. 25575; July 16, 1998, p. ----). When a bill is reported 
from the Committee of the Whole with the recommendation that the 
enacting words be stricken out, it may be applied to the motion to 
concur without covering further action on the bill (V, 5342). Dur



[[Page 758]]

time (Oct. 3, 1989, p. 22842). The previous question may not be demanded 
on a proposition against which a point of order is pending (VIII, 3433).


Sec. 997. The right to move the previous 
question.

  The  Member in charge of the bill and having the floor may demand 
the previous question although another Member may propose a motion of 
higher privilege (VIII, 2684), but the motion of higher privilege must 
be put first (V, 5480; VIII, 2609, 2684), and if the Member in charge of 
the bill claims the floor in debate another Member may not demand the 
previous question (II, 1458); but having the floor, unless yielded to 
for debate only, any Member may make the motion although the effect may 
be to deprive the Member in charge of the bill (V, 5476; VIII, 2685). 
The Member who has called up a measure in the House has priority of 
recognition to move the previous question thereon, even over the 
chairman of the reporting committee (Oct. 1, 1986, p. 27468). If, after 
debate, the Member in charge of the bill does not move the previous 
question, another Member may (V, 5475); but where a Member intervenes on 
a pending proceeding to make a preferential motion, such as the motion 
to recede from a disagreement with the Senate, he may not move the 
previous question on that motion as against the rights of the Member in 
charge (II, 1459), and the Member in charge is entitled to recognition 
to move the previous question even after he has surrendered the floor in 
debate (VIII, 2682, 3231). Where a Member controlling the time on a bill 
or resolution in the House yields for the purpose of amendment, another 
Member may move the previous question before the Member offering the 
amendment is recognized to debate it (Nov. 8, 1971, p. 39944; July 24, 
1979, p. 20385). Where under a rule of the House debate time on a motion 
or proposition is equally divided and controlled by the majority and the 
minority, or between those in favor and those opposed (see, e.g., 
clauses 1, 2, and 6 of rule XV), or where a block of time for debate has 
been yielded by the manager, the previous question may not be moved 
until the other side has used or yielded back its time; and the Chair 
may vacate the adoption of the previous question where it was improperly 
moved while the other side was still seeking




Sec. 998. Relation of the previous question to 
motions.

  The  motion to lay on the table may not be applied to the previous 
question (V, 5410, 5411); and it may not be applied to the main question 
after the previous question has been ordered (V, 5415-5422; VIII, 2655), 
or after the yeas and nays have been ordered on the demand for the 
previous question (V, 5408, 5409).


  The motion to postpone may not be applied to the main question after 
the previous question has been ordered (V, 5319-5321; VIII, 2617). The 
previous question may be applied both to the main question and a pending 
motion to refer (V, 5342; VI, 373).




Sec. 999. The 40 minutes of debate on undebated 
propositions.

  Although  this clause allows 40 minutes of debate when the 
previous question is ordered on a proposition on which there has been no 
debate (V, 6821; Mar. 22, 1990, p. 4996), any previous debate on the 
merits of the main proposition precludes the 40 minutes (V, 5499-5502). 
The demand for 40 minutes of debate must come before the vote is taken 
on the main question (V, 5496). It is not available: (1) when the 
question on which the previous question is ordered is otherwise 
nondebatable, such as the motion to close debate (VIII, 2555, 2690); (2) 
on an undebated amendment where the motion for the previous question 
covers both the amendment and the original proposition, which has been 
debated (V, 5504); (3) on incidental motions (V, 5497-5498), (4) on 
propositions previously debated in Committee of the Whole (V, 5505); (5) 
on conference reports accompanying measures that were debated before 
being sent to conference (V, 5506-5507), or (6) on ancillary measures, 
such as a concurrent resolution to correct an enrolled bill (V, 5508). 
Debate allowed under this provision is equally divided and controlled 
between the person demanding the time and a Member representing the 
opposition (Sept. 13, 1965, pp. 23602-06; May 8, 1985, p. 11073). 
Priority in recognition for time in opposition is accorded to a Member 
truly opposed (VIII, 2689).





Sec. 1000. Questions of order pending the motion for the 
previous question.

  (b)  Incidental questions of order arising during the 
pendency of a motion for the previous question shall be decided, whether 
on appeal or otherwise, without debate.



[[Page 759]]

inquiry although the previous question may have been demanded (Mar. 27, 
1926, p. 6469).
  This provision was adopted in 1837 to prevent delay by debate on 
points of order after the demand for the previous question (V, 5448). 
Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 3 of rule XVII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). Under the present practice, since debate on points of 
order is entirely within the control of the Chair, he may recognize and 
respond to a parliamentary


Recommit
  A question of privilege relating to the integrity of action of the 
House itself has been distinguished from ordinary questions of order and 
has been thrown open to debate after the ordering of the previous 
question (III, 2532).



Sec. 1001. Recommit.

  2. (a)  After the previous question has been 
ordered on passage or adoption of a measure, or pending a motion to that 
end, it shall be in order to move that the House recommit (or commit, as 
the case may be) the measure, with or without instructions, to a 
standing or select committee. For such a motion to recommit, the Speaker 
shall give preference in recognition to a Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner who is opposed to the measure.


  (b) Except as provided in paragraph (c), if a motion that the House 
recommit a bill or joint resolution on which the previous question has 
been ordered to passage includes instructions, it shall be debatable for 
10 minutes equally divided between the proponent and an opponent.


  (c) On demand of the floor manager for the majority, it shall be in 
order to debate the motion for one hour equally divided and controlled 
by the proponent and an opponent.


[[Page 760]]

(H. Res. 5, Jan. 21, 1971, p. 14). That provision was also amended in 
the 99th Congress to provide that on the demand of the majority floor 
manager of a bill or joint resolution, the 10 minutes of debate on a 
motion to recommit with instructions, the previous question having been 
ordered, may be extended to one hour, equally divided and controlled (H. 
Res. 7, Jan. 3, 1985, p. 393). When the House recodified its rules in 
the 106th Congress, it consolidated the last sentence of former clause 1 
of rule XVII and provisions of former clause 4 of rule XVI, addressing 
the motion to recommit, under this clause (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 
----). For a general discussion of the motion to refer see Sec. 916, 
supra.
  The motion to commit or recommit described in paragraph (a) was added 
to the previous question rule (former clause 1 of rule XVII) in 1880 (V, 
5443). The portion of paragraph (a) that gives preference in recognition 
to one opposed to the measure was added to former clause 4 of rule XVI 
in the 61st Congress (Mar. 15, 1909, pp. 22-34). Paragraphs (b) and (c), 
relating to debate on the motion to recommit with instructions were 
added to former clause 4 of rule XVI by section 123 of the Legislative 
Reorganization Act of 1970 and made a part of the standing rules in the 
92d Congress



Sec. 1002. Application of motion.

  The  motion to commit under 
this rule applies to resolutions of the House alone as well as to bills 
(V, 5572, 5573; VIII, 2742), and to a motion to amend the Journal (V, 
5574). It does not apply to a report from the Committee on Rules 
providing a special order of business (V, 5593-5601; VIII, 2270, 2750), 
or to a pending amendment to a proposition in the House (V, 5573). A 
motion to commit under this clause, with instructions to report 
forthwith with an amendment, has been allowed after the previous 
question has been ordered on a motion to dispose of Senate amendments 
before the stage of disagreement (V, 5575; VIII, 2744, 2745). However, a 
motion to commit under this clause does not apply to a motion disposing 
of Senate amendments after the stage of disagreement where utilized to 
displace a pending preferential motion (Speaker Albert, Sept. 16, 1976, 
p. 30887).


  The motion to commit may be made pending the demand for the previous 
question on passage (or adoption), whether a bill or resolution is under 
consideration (V, 5576). However, when the demand covers all stages of 
the bill to passage, the motion to commit is made only after the third 
reading and is not in order pending the demand or before third reading 
(V, 5578-5581). When separate motions for the previous question are 
made, respectively, on the third reading and on passage of a bill, the 
motion to commit should be made only after the previous question is 
ordered on passage (V, 5577). When the House refuses to order a bill to 
be engrossed and read a third time, the motion to commit may not be made 
(V, 5602, 5603). When the previous question has been ordered on a simple 
resolution (as distinguished from a joint resolution) and a pending 
amendment, the motion to commit should be made after the vote on the 
amendment (V, 5585-5588). A motion to commit has been entertained after 
ordering of the previous question even before the adoption of rules at 
the beginning of a Congress (VIII, 2755; Jan. 5, 1981, p. 111).


[[Page 761]]

Congress to further prohibit the Committee on Rules from denying the 
Minority Leader or his designee the right to include proper amendatory 
instructions in a motion to recommit (sec. 210, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, 
p. 460). Where a special order providing for consideration of a matter 
in the House provides that the previous question shall be considered as 
ordered thereon without intervening motion and does not simply state 
that the previous question be considered as ordered after debate, the 
previous question is considered as ordered from the beginning of the 
debate, precluding the consideration of any intervening motion (Mar. 12, 
1980, pp. 5387-93).
  When a special order declares that at a certain time the previous 
question shall be considered as ordered on a bill to the final passage, 
it has usually, but not always, been held that a motion to commit is 
precluded (IV, 3207-3209). Under clause 6(c) of rule XIII (former clause 
4(b) of rule XI) the Committee on Rules is prohibited from reporting 
such special order that precludes the motion to recommit in clause 2 of 
rule XIX (VIII, 2260, 2262-2264; see also Sec. 1001, supra). That 
provision was amended in the 104th

  Where a bill is recommitted under this motion the previous question 
being pending but not ordered on final passage and, having been reported 
again, is again amended and subjected to the previous question, another 
motion to commit is in order after the engrossment and third reading (V, 
5591).



Sec. 1002a. Consideration of motion.

  When  the previous 
question is ordered on a bill to final passage, debate on a straight 
motion to recommit under this clause is no longer in order and only a 
motion to recommit with instructions is debatable for the 10 minutes 
specified in the rule (June 22, 1995, p. 16844). Prior to the amendment 
of this clause in the 92d Congress, no debate was permitted on a motion 
to recommit with instructions after the previous question was ordered 
(V, 5561, 5582-5584; VIII, 2741). The 10 minutes of debate provided 
under this clause on motions to recommit with instructions does not 
apply to a motion to recommit with instructions of a simple or 
concurrent resolution or conference report, since the clause limits its 
applicability to bills and joint resolutions (Nov. 15, 1973, p. 37151; 
Mar. 29, 1976, p. 8444; Speaker O'Neill, June 19, 1986, p. 14698). The 
manager of a bill or joint resolution, if opposed, and not the proponent 
of a motion to recommit with instructions has the right to close 
controlled debate on a motion to recommit (Speaker Wright, Dec. 3, 1987, 
p. 34066). The Member recognized for five minutes in favor of the motion 
may not reserve time (Speaker Wright, June 29, 1988, p. 16510; June 29, 
1989, p. 13938).



[[Page 762]]

  Although the ordering of the previous question on a bill and all 
amendments to final passage precludes debate (other than that specified 
in clause 2 of rule XIX) on a motion to recommit, it does not exclude 
amendments to such motion (V, 5582; VIII, 2741); and, unless the 
previous question is ordered on a motion to recommit with instructions, 
the motion is open to amendment germane to the bill (see V, 6888; VIII, 
2711). An amendment striking out all of the proposed instructions and 
substituting others cannot be ruled out as interfering with the right of 
the minority to move recommitment (VIII, 2698, 2759). The Member 
offering a motion to recommit a bill with instructions may, at the 
conclusion of the 10 minutes of debate thereon, yield to another Member 
to offer an amendment to the motion if the previous question has not 
been ordered on the motion to recommit (Speaker Albert, July 19, 1973, 
p. 24967).

  The motion may be withdrawn in the House at any time before action or 
decision thereon (VIII, 2764). The motion may not be laid on the table 
after the previous question has been ordered (V, 5412-5414).



Sec. 1002b. Instructions with motion.

  The  simple motion to 
recommit and the motion to recommit with instructions are of equal 
privilege and have no relative precedence (VIII, 2714, 2758, 2762; Nov. 
25, 1970, p. 38997). It has been a practice to permit a motion to 
recommit with instructions that the committee report ``forthwith,'' in 
which case the chairman makes report at once without awaiting action by 
the committee (V, 5545-5547; VIII, 2730), and the bill is before the 
House for immediate consideration (V, 5550; VIII, 2735).


  It is not in order to propose as instructions anything that might not 
be proposed directly as an amendment such as: (1) to propose an 
amendment that is not germane (V, 5529-5541, 5834, 5889; VIII, 2705, 
2707, 2708); (2) to amend or eliminate an amendment adopted by the House 
(V, 5531; VIII, 2712, 2714, 2715, 2720-2724); (3) to propose an 
amendment in violation of clauses 2, 4, or 5 of rule XXI (V, 5533-5540; 
Sept. 1, 1976, p. 28883; Sept. 19, 1983, p. 24646; Speaker Foley, Aug. 
1, 1989, p. 17159, and Aug. 3, 1989, p. 18546, each time sustained by 
tabling of appeal; July 1, 1992, p. 17294; June 22, 1995, p. 16844); or 
(4) to change the Rules of the House by authorizing a committee to 
report at any time (V, 5543) or directing a committee to report by a 
date certain (V, 5549). However, it has been held in order to reoffer an 
amendment rejected by the House (VIII, 2728).

  Where a special rule providing for the consideration of a bill 
prohibited the offering of amendments to a certain title of the bill (at 
any point during consideration), it was held not in order to offer a 
motion to recommit with instructions to amend the restricted title (Jan. 
11, 1934, pp. 479-83). However, that precedent should be read in light 
of clause 6(c)(2) of rule XIII, which precludes the Rules Committee from 
reporting a rule that would prevent a motion to recommit from including 
amendatory instructions (see Sec. 857, supra).

  In cases where amendatory instructions are not in order, the motion 
has directed a committee to study an issue and to report ``promptly'' 
its recommendations (Mar. 29, 1990, p. 1834). Instructions must be 
germane to the bill regardless of whether they directly propose an 
amendment thereto (Sept. 23, 1992, p. 27178). Unlike the case of a 
motion to recommit with instructions to report back ``forthwith'' (the 
adoption of which occasions an immediate report on the floor), the 
adoption of a motion to recommit with instructions to report back 
``promptly'' sends the bill to committee, whose eventual report (if any) 
would not be immediately before the House (Deschler's Precedents, vol. 
7, ch. 23, sec. 32.25; May 24, 2000, p. ----).


[[Page 763]]

to recommit against which a Member has made a point of order under 
section 425(a) of that Act, a proper motion to recommit remains 
available (Mar. 28, 1996, p. 6932).
  Only one motion to commit is in order (V, 5577, 5582, 5585; VIII, 
2763). If one motion to recommit is ruled out, a proper motion is 
admissible (VIII, 2736, 2760, 2761, 2763). Similarly, if the House votes 
pursuant to section 426(b)(3) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 
not to consider a motion

  When a bill is recommitted, it is before the committee as a new 
subject (IV, 4557; V, 5558), but the committee must confine itself to 
the instructions if there be any (IV, 4404; V, 5526). Where the House 
has recommitted a bill to a committee with instructions to report it 
back forthwith with certain amendments, the amendments must be adopted 
by the House after the report by the committee (VIII, 2734).

  The motion to recommit may not be accompanied by preamble or otherwise 
include argument, explanation, or other matter in the nature of debate 
(V, 5589; VIII, 2749). Thus, a motion to recommit a bill to a standing 
committee with recommendations for producing legislation that the 
President could sign was held inadmissible in both form and content 
(Feb. 27, 1992, p. 3778).



Sec. 1002c. Recognition to offer motion.

  Before  former 
clause 4 of rule XVI was amended in 1909 to give priority in recognition 
for the motion to recommit to an opponent of a bill or joint resolution 
pending final passage, it was held that the opponents of a bill had no 
claim to prior recognition (II, 1456). Although the provision as amended 
in 1909 applied only to bills and joint resolutions, the principle 
embodied in that provision was applied also to motions to recommit 
simple or concurrent resolutions or conference reports under former 
clause 1 of rule XVII (VIII, 2764; Nov. 28, 1979, p. 33914; Procedure, 
ch. 23, sec. 13.1). When the House consolidated the last sentence of 
former clause 1 of rule XVII and provisions of former clause 4 of rule 
XVI, addressing the motion to recommit, under this clause (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----), the sentence conferring prior recognition to the 
opposition was formally applied to all measures. However, precedents 
under former clause 1 of rule XVII still dictate that recognition to 
offer a motion to commit a resolution offered from the floor as a 
privileged matter without having been referred to committee does not 
depend on opposition to the resolution or on party affiliation (Speaker 
Albert, Feb. 19, 1976, p. 3920).



[[Page 764]]

(Speaker Garner, Apr. 1, 1932, p. 7327). The Chair does not assess the 
degree of a Member's opposition (Oct. 23, 1991, p. 28258). A Member who 
is opposed to the bill ``in its present form'' (i.e., in the form before 
the House when the motion is made) qualifies to offer the motion 
(Speaker Martin, Apr. 15, 1948, p. 4547; Speaker McCormack, Mar. 12, 
1964, p. 5147). The priority of recognition of a Member of the minority 
who is opposed is not diminished by the fact that the minority party may 
have successfully led the opposition to the previous question on the 
special order governing consideration of the bill and offered a 
``modified-closed'' rule permitting only minority Members to offer 
perfecting amendments to the majority text (June 26, 1981, p. 14740). 
However, although the motion to recommit is the prerogative of the 
minority if opposed, a Member who in the Speaker's determination led the 
opposition to the previous question on the motion to recommit, such as 
the chairman of the committee reporting the bill, is entitled to offer 
an amendment to the motion to recommit, regardless of party affiliation 
(June 26, 1981, pp. 14791-93). The right to offer a motion to recommit a 
House bill with a Senate amendment belongs to a Member who is opposed to 
the whole bill in preference to a Member who is merely opposed to the 
Senate amendment (VIII, 2772). Where the previous question has been 
ordered on both the pending resolution and its preamble, a Member may 
qualify to offer a motion to recommit on the basis of his opposition to 
the preamble, even though it is not otherwise subject to separate vote 
or amendment (Feb. 12, 1998, p. ----). A Member rising in opposition to 
a motion to recommit must likewise qualify as opposed to the motion 
(Apr. 29, 1999, p. ----).

Reconsideration
  When applying this rule the Speaker looks first to the Minority Leader 
or his designee (as imputed by the form of former clause 4(b) of rule XI 
adopted in the 104th Congress (current clause 6(c) of rule XIII)). If 
the Minority Leader is not seeking recognition, the Speaker looks to 
minority members of the committee reporting the bill, in order of their 
rank on the committee (Speaker Garner, Jan. 6, 1932, p. 1396; Speaker 
Byrns, July 2, 1935, p. 10638), then to other Members on the minority 
side (Speaker Rayburn, Aug. 16, 1950, p. 12608). Until a qualifying 
minority Member has had his motion read by the Clerk, he is not entitled 
to the floor so as to prevent another, senior qualifying minority member 
from the reporting committee from seeking recognition to offer the 
motion to recommit (Speaker O'Neill, Apr. 24, 1979, p. 8360). If no 
Member of the minority qualifies, a majority Member who is opposed to 
the bill may be recognized


[[Page 765]]

sion of Congress, such a motion shall be disposed of when entered.



Sec. 1003. The motion to reconsider.

  3.  When a motion has been 
carried or lost, it shall be in order on the same or succeeding day for 
a Member on the prevailing side of the question to enter a motion for 
the reconsideration thereof. The entry of such a motion shall take 
precedence over all other questions except the consideration of a 
conference report or a motion to adjourn, and may not be withdrawn after 
such succeeding day without the consent of the House. Once entered, a 
motion may be called up for consideration by any Member. During the last 
six days of a ses


  The motion to reconsider used in the Continental Congress and in the 
House of Representatives from its first organization, in 1789, was first 
made the subject of a rule in 1802; and at various times this rule has 
been perfected by amendments (V, 5605). Before the House recodified its 
rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 1 
of rule XVIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  The motion is not used in Committee of the Whole (IV, 4716-4718; VIII, 
2324, 2325), but is in order in the House as in Committee of the Whole 
(VIII, 2793). It is not in order in the House during the absence of a 
quorum when the vote proposed to be reconsidered requires a quorum (V, 
5606). However, on votes incident to a call of the House the motion to 
reconsider may be entertained and also laid on the table, although a 
quorum may not be present (V, 5607, 5608).



Sec. 1004. Maker of the motion to reconsider.

  The  mover of a 
proposition is entitled to prior recognition to move to reconsider (II, 
1454). A Member may make the motion at any time without thereby 
abandoning a prior motion made by himself and pending (V, 5610). A 
Delegate or the Resident Commissioner may not make the motion in the 
House (rule III; II, 1292; VI, 240). The provision of the rule that the 
motion may be made by any Member of the majority is construed, in case 
of a tie vote, to mean any Member of the prevailing side (V, 5615, 
5616), and the same construction applies in case of a two-thirds vote 
(II, 1656; V, 5617, 5618; VIII, 2778-2780). Where the yeas and nays have 
not been ordered recorded in the Journal, any Member, irrespective of 
whether he voted with the majority or not, may make the motion to 
reconsider (V, 5611-5613, 5689; VIII, 2775, 2785; Sept. 23, 1992, p. 
27196); but a Member who was absent (V, 5619), or who was paired in 
favor of the majority contention and did not vote, may not make the 
motion (V, 5614; VIII, 2774). When proxy voting was permitted in 
committee, it was generally held that a member who was not present at a 
vote, but cast his vote by proxy, did not qualify to make the motion to 
reconsider thereon. Any Member may object to the Chair's statement that 
by unanimous consent the motion to reconsider a vote is laid on the 
table, and the objecting Member need not have voted on the prevailing 
side, but if objection is made, the Chair's statement is ineffective and 
only a Member who voted on the prevailing side may offer the motion to 
reconsider the vote (Aug. 15, 1986, p. 22139). The Chair, having voted 
on the prevailing side, may offer the motion to reconsider by stating 
the pendency of the motion (Oct. 9, 1997, p. ----).



[[Page 766]]

tion has been moved on a motion to postpone (V, 5663), and a motion to 
reconsider the vote on the third reading may be made and acted on after 
a motion for the previous question on the passage has been made (V, 
5656). It also takes precedence of the motion to go into Committee of 
the Whole to consider an appropriation bill (VIII, 2785), or even of a 
demand that the House return to committee after the appearance of a 
quorum (IV, 3087). However, in a case wherein the House had passed a 
bill and disposed of a motion to reconsider the vote on its passage, it 
was held to be too late to reconsider the vote sustaining the decision 
of the Chair which brought the bill before the House (V, 5652), and that 
a motion to vacate those proceedings was not in order (Speaker O'Neill, 
Dec. 17, 1985, pp. 37472-74). After a conference has been agreed to and 
the managers for the House appointed, it is too late to move to 
reconsider the vote whereby the House acted on the amendments in 
disagreement (V, 5664). While the motion has high privilege for entry, 
it may not be considered while another question is before the House (V, 
5673-5676; July 2, 1980, p. 18354), or while the House is dividing 
(VIII, 2791). A motion to reconsider a secondary motion to postpone 
which has previously been offered and rejected is highly privileged, 
even after the manager of the main proposition has yielded time to 
another Member and before that Member has begun his remarks (May 29, 
1980, p. 12663). When it relates to a bill belonging to a particular 
class of business, consideration of the motion is in order only when 
that class of business is in order (V, 5677-5681; VIII, 2786). It may 
then be called up at any time; but is not the regular order until called 
up (V, 5682; VIII, 2785, 2786). When once entered it may remain pending 
indefinitely, even until a succeeding session of the same Congress (V, 
5684). The motion to reconsider is subject to the question of 
consideration (VIII, 2437), and may be laid on the table (VIII, 2652, 
2659). The motion to reconsider an action taken on a bill on Tuesday may 
be entered but may not be considered on Calendar Wednesday (VII, 905). 
The motion to reconsider is in order in the procedure of standing 
committees, and may be made on the same day on which the action is taken 
to which it is proposed to be applied, or on the next day thereafter on 
which the committee convenes with a quorum present at a properly 
scheduled meeting at which business of that class is in order (VIII, 
2213).


Sec. 1005. Precedence of the motion to 
reconsider.

  The  precedence given the motion by the rule permits it to be 
made even after the previous question has been demanded (V, 5656) or 
while it is operating (V, 5657-5662; VIII, 2784). The motion to 
reconsider the vote on the engrossment of a bill may be admitted after 
the previous ques



[[Page 767]]

motion is made to reconsider a vote on a bill that has gone to the 
Senate, a motion to recall the bill is privileged (V, 5669-5671). The 
motion to reconsider may be applied once only to a vote ordering the 
previous question (V, 5655; VIII, 2790), and may not be applied to a 
vote ordering the previous question that has been partially executed (V, 
5653, 5654); but a vote agreeing to an order of the House has been 
reconsidered, although the execution of the order had begun (III, 2028; 
V, 5665). The vote ordering the previous question on a special order 
reported from the Committee on Rules may be reconsidered and is not 
dilatory under clause 6(b) of rule XIII (former clause 4(b) of rule XI) 
(Sept. 25, 1990, p. 25575).


Sec. 1006. Application of the motion to reconsider.

  A  motion 
to reconsider may be entertained, although the bill or resolution to 
which it applies may have gone to the other House or the President (V, 
5666-5668). However, unanimous consent is required to initiate 
reconsideration of a measure passed by both Houses (IV, 3466-3469). The 
Senate may not reconsider the confirmation of a nomination after a 
commission has been issued by the President to a nominee and the latter 
has taken the oath and entered upon the duties of his office (U.S. v. 
Smith, 286 U.S. 6 (1932)). The fact that the House had informed the 
Senate that it had agreed to a Senate amendment to a House bill was held 
not to prevent a motion to reconsider the vote on agreeing (V, 5672). 
When a



[[Page 768]]

  The motion may not be applied to negative votes on motions to adjourn 
(V, 5620-5622), or for a recess (V, 5625), or to go into Committee of 
the Whole (V, 5641). The motion to reconsider may be applied however to 
an affirmative vote on the motion to resolve into the Committee of the 
Whole while the Speaker is still in the chair (V, 5368; Apr. 20, 1978, 
p. 10990). A motion to reconsider the vote by which the House had 
decided a question of parliamentary procedure was held not to be in 
order (VIII, 2776). Motions to reconsider negative votes on motions to 
fix the day to which the House shall adjourn have been the subject of 
conflicting rulings (V, 5623, 5624). It is in order to reconsider a vote 
postponing a bill to a day certain (V, 5643; May 29, 1980, p. 12663). It 
is not in order to reconsider a negative decision of the question of 
consideration (V, 5626, 5627), although it is in order to reconsider an 
affirmative vote on the question of consideration (Oct. 4, 1994, p. 
27644). It is not in order to reconsider a negative vote on the motion 
to suspend the rules (V, 5645, 5646; VIII, 2781; Sept. 28, 1996, p. 
25796), although it is in order to reconsider an affirmative vote on 
that motion (Sept. 28, 1996, p. 25795). It is not in order to reconsider 
a vote on reconsideration of a bill returned with the objections of the 
President (VIII, 2778). A vote whereby a second is ordered may be 
reconsidered (V, 5642). The motion to reconsider a vote on a proposition 
having been once agreed to, and the said vote having again been taken, a 
second motion to reconsider may not be made unless the nature of the 
proposition has been changed by amendment (V, 5685-5688; VIII, 2788; 
Sept. 20, 1979, p. 25512). After disposition of a conference report and 
amendments reported from conference in disagreement, it is in order on 
the same day to move to reconsider the vote on a motion disposing of one 
of the amendments; but laying on the table a motion to reconsider the 
vote whereby the House has amended a Senate amendment does not preclude 
the House from acting on a subsequent Senate amendment to that House 
amendment, or considering any other proper motion to dispose of an 
amendment that might remain in disagreement after further Senate action 
(Oct. 5, 1983, p. 27323). For a discussion of the application of the 
motion to reconsider in committees, see Sec. 416, supra.



Sec. 1007. Effect of the motion to reconsider.

  A  bill is not 
considered passed or an amendment agreed to if a motion to reconsider is 
pending, the effect of the motion being to suspend the original 
proposition (V, 5704); and the Speaker declines to sign an enrolled bill 
until a pending motion to reconsider has been disposed of (V, 5705). 
However, when the Congress expires leaving undisposed a motion to 
reconsider the vote whereby a simple resolution of the House has been 
agreed to, it is probable that the resolution would be operative; and 
where a bill has been enrolled, signed by the Speaker, and approved by 
the President, it is undoubtedly a law, even though a motion to 
reconsider may not have been disposed of (V, 5704, note). A Member-elect 
may not take the oath until a motion to reconsider the vote determining 
his title is disposed of (I, 335); but when, in such a case, the motion 
is disposed of, the right to be sworn is complete (I, 622). When the 
motion to reconsider is decided in the affirmative the question 
immediately recurs on the question reconsidered (V, 5703). When a vote 
whereby an amendment has been agreed to is reconsidered the amendment 
becomes simply a pending amendment (V, 5704). When the vote ordering the 
previous question is reconsidered, it is in order to withdraw the motion 
for the previous question, the ``decision'' having been nullified (V, 
5357). When the previous question has been ordered on a series of 
motions and its force has not been exhausted, the reconsideration of the 
vote on one of the motions does not throw it open to debate (V, 5493). 
Under the earlier practice, when a vote taken under the operation of the 
previous question was reconsidered, the main question stood divested of 
the previous question, and was debatable and amendable without 
reconsideration separately of the motion for the previous question (V, 
5491-5492, 5700). However, under the modern practice, where the House 
adopts a motion to reconsider a vote on a question on which the previous 
question has been ordered, the question to be reconsidered is neither 
debatable nor amendable (unless the vote on the previous question is 
separately reconsidered) (July 2, 1980, p. 18355). It is in order to 
move to reconsider the ordering of the yeas and nays on a question 
before the question has been finally decided (V, 5689-5691, 6029; VIII, 
2790; Sept. 24, 1997, p. ----); but where the House had voted to 
reconsider the vote whereby it had rejected a bill but had not 
separately reconsidered the ordering of a recorded vote, the Speaker put 
the question de novo and entertained a new demand for a recorded vote 
(Sept. 20, 1979, p. 25512).



[[Page 769]]



Sec. 1008. The vote on the motion to reconsider.

  The  motion 
to reconsider is agreed to by majority vote, even when the vote 
reconsidered requires two-thirds for affirmative action (II, 1656; V, 
5617, 5618; VIII, 2795), or when only one-fifth is required for 
affirmative action, as in votes ordering the yeas and nays (V, 5689-
5692, 6029; VIII, 2790). However, one motion to reconsider the yeas and 
nays having been acted on, another motion to reconsider is not in order 
(V, 6037).




Sec. 1009. Relation of the motion to reconsider to the 
motion to lay on the table.

  A  vote on the motion to lay on the table may 
be reconsidered whether the decision be in the affirmative (V, 5628, 
5695, 6288; VIII, 2785) or in the negative (V, 5629). It is in order to 
reconsider the vote laying an appeal on the table (V, 5630), although 
during proceedings under a call of the House this motion was once ruled 
out (V, 5631). The motion to reconsider may not be applied to the vote 
whereby the House has laid another motion to reconsider on the table (V, 
5632-5640; June 20, 1967, p. 16497); and a motion to reconsider may be 
laid on the table only before the Chair has put the question on the 
motion to a vote (Sept. 20, 1979, p. 25512).





Sec. 1010. Debate on the motion to reconsider.

  A  motion to 
reconsider is debatable only if the motion proposed to be reconsidered 
was debatable (V, 5694-5699; VIII, 2437, 2792; Sept. 13, 1965, p. 
23608); so the motion to reconsider a vote ordering the previous 
question is not debatable (Sept. 25, 1990, p. 25575) and the application 
of the previous question makes a motion to reconsider nondebatable (V, 
5701; VIII, 2792; Sept. 20, 1979, p. 25512; July 2, 1980, p. 18355). 
Where a resolution providing for the order of business was agreed to 
without adoption of the previous question, the Speaker advised that a 
motion to reconsider would be debatable and that the Member moving the 
reconsideration would be recognized to control the one hour of debate 
(Speaker McCormack, Sept. 13, 1965, p. 23608).





Sec. 1011. Application of motion to reconsider to bills in 
committees.

  4.  A bill, petition, memorial, or resolution referred to a 
committee, or reported therefrom for printing and recommitment, may not 
be brought back to the House on a motion to reconsider.





[[Page 770]]
 
  This clause (former clause 2 of rule XVIII) was first adopted in 1860, 
and amended in 1872, to prevent a practice of using the privilege of the 
motion to reconsider to secure consideration of bills otherwise not in 
order (V, 5647). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, this provision was found in former clause 2 of rule XVIII, and 
in recodification a provision requiring written reports was deleted as 
redundant of the requirement contained in clause 2 of rule XIII (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). There is a question as to whether or not the 
rule applies to a case wherein the House, after considering a bill, 
recommits it (V, 5648-5650). After a committee has reported a bill it is 
too late to reconsider the vote by which it was referred (V, 5651).

                                 Rule XX


                         voting and quorum calls



Sec. 1012. Voting viva voce, by division, by electronic 
device.

  1. (a)  The House shall divide after the Speaker has put a question to 
a vote by voice as provided in clause 6 of rule I if the Speaker is in 
doubt or division is demanded. Those in favor of the question shall 
first rise from their seats to be counted, and then those opposed.



  (b) If a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner requests a 
recorded vote, and that request is supported by at least one-fifth of a 
quorum, the vote shall be taken by electronic device unless the Speaker 
invokes another procedure for recording votes provided in this rule. A 
recorded vote taken in the House under this paragraph shall be 
considered a vote by the yeas and nays.


[[Page 771]]

in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 5(a) of 
rule I (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).
  This provision (former clause 5(a) of rule I) was adopted in 1789 and 
its present form reflects the revisions and amendments of 1860, 1880 
(II, 1311), 1972 (H. Res. 1123, Oct. 13, 1972, pp. 36005-08), and 1993 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1993, p. 49). From January 22, 1971 (when H. Res. 5 
of the 92d Congress was adopted incorporating provisions in the 
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970, 84 Stat. 1140), until October 
13, 1972, this rule provided a two-step procedure for ordering ``tellers 
with clerks'' prior to installation of the electronic voting system, and 
for the first time permitted Members to be recorded on votes in 
Committee of the Whole. The last two sentences of this paragraph 
permitting a single-step ``recorded vote'' and voting by means of 
electronic device installed in the Chamber in 1972, were contained in a 
House resolution on October 13, 1972, and were made effective by 
adoption of the rules of the 93d Congress (H. Res. 6, Jan. 3, 1973, p. 
26). The general provision for demanding a vote by tellers was repealed 
in the 103d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1993, p. 49). The provision 
providing that a recorded vote taken pursuant thereto shall be 
considered a vote by the yeas and nays was added in the 105th Congress 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). Before the House recodified its 
rules

  One of the suppositions on which parliamentary law is founded is that 
the Speaker will not betray his duty to make an honest count on a 
division (V, 6002) and the integrity of the Chair in counting a vote 
should not be questioned in the House (VIII, 3115; July 11, 1985, p. 
18550), and the Chair's count of Members demanding a recorded vote is 
not appealable (June 24, 1976, p. 20390). A vote by division takes no 
cognizance of Members present but not voting, and consequently the 
number of votes counted by division has no tendency to establish a lack 
of a quorum (June 29, 1988, p. 16504).

  In a full House (total membership of 435), a recorded vote is ordered 
by one-fifth of a quorum (44), but in Committee of the Whole a recorded 
vote is ordered by 25 (clause 6(e) of rule XVIII), rather than 20 in 
both cases as in prior practice (V, 5986; Dec. 20, 1974, p. 41793). The 
former right to demand tellers was not precluded by the fact that the 
yeas and nays had been refused (V, 5998; VIII, 3103), that a point of no 
quorum has been made against a division vote on the question on which 
tellers were requested (VIII, 3104), by a point of no quorum and a call 
of the House following a division vote on the question on which tellers 
were demanded (Sept. 25, 1969, p. 27041), or by the intervention of a 
quorum call following the refusal of the Committee of the Whole to order 
a recorded vote (Feb. 27, 1974, p. 4447). However, only one request for 
a recorded vote on a pending question is in order (Jan. 21, 1976, p. 
508), and a demand for a recorded vote cannot interrupt a vote by 
division which is in progress (June 10, 1975, p. 18048). While a request 
for a recorded vote once denied may not be renewed, the request remains 
pending where the Chair interrupts the count of Members standing in 
favor of the request in order to count for a quorum pursuant to a point 
of order that a quorum is not present (Aug. 5, 1982, pp. 19658, 19659). 
Recognition by the Chair for a parliamentary inquiry, or remarks uttered 
without recognition, immediately following the Chair's announcement of a 
voice vote on an amendment is not such intervening business as to 
prevent a demand for a recorded vote thereon where the Chair has not 
announced the final disposition of the amendment (May 23, 1984, p. 
13928; July 26, 1984, p. 21249; June 10, 1998, p. ----). Where a 
division vote is demanded on a proposition in the House and the vote 
thereon is then postponed pursuant to paragraph (b) of this clause, a 
division may again be demanded when the question is put de novo on the 
proposition as unfinished business (since a demand for a division may be 
made by any Member), whereas a demand for the yeas and nays if refused 
by the House may not be renewed (Mar. 18, 1980, p. 5739). Ordinarily, 
however, only one demand for a vote by division on a pending question is 
in order (July 26, 1984, p. 21259; June 29, 1994, p. 15206).


[[Page 772]]

is disclosed immediately following the refusal to order a recorded vote 
(June 6, 1979, p. 13648; Oct. 25, 1983, p. 29227). A record vote may be 
had in the House on a separate vote on an amendment adopted in the 
Committee of the Whole by a division vote after a recorded vote has been 
refused (May 13, 1998, p. ----).
  In Committee of the Whole, a request for a recorded vote on an 
amendment once denied may not be renewed even where the absence of a 
quorum




Sec. 1013. Former ordering of tellers and taking of the 
vote.

  Under  the precedents recorded before the abolition of tellers, it was 
the duty of the Member to serve as teller when appointed by the Chair 
(V, 5987); but when Members of one side had declined, the second teller 
was appointed from the other side (V, 5988) or the position was left 
vacant (V, 5989). A Delegate could have been appointed teller (II, 
1302). Where there was doubt as to the count by tellers, the Chair could 
have ordered the vote taken again (V, 5991; July 19, 1946, p. 9466), but 
this must have been done before the result was announced (V, 5993-5995; 
VIII, 3098). The Chair could have been counted without passing between 
the tellers (V, 5996, 5997; VIII, 3100, 3101).



  (c) In case of a tie vote, a question shall be lost.


  This provision was adopted in 1789. Before the House recodified its 
rules in the 106th Congress, it was found in former clause 6 of rule I 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



[[Page 773]]




Sec. 1014. Use of electronic equipment in recording 
roll calls.

  2. (a)  Unless the Speaker directs otherwise, the Clerk shall 
conduct a record vote or quorum call by electronic device. In such a 
case the Clerk shall enter on the Journal and publish in the 
Congressional Record, in alphabetical order in each category, the names 
of Members recorded as voting in the affirmative, the names of Members 
recorded as voting in the negative, and the names of Members answering 
present as if they had been called in the manner provided in clause 3. 
Except as otherwise permitted under clause 9 or 10 of this rule or under 
clause 6 of rule XVIII, the minimum time for a record vote or quorum 
call by electronic device shall be 15 minutes.


  The permissive use of an electronic voting system was incorporated in 
the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (sec. 121; 84 Stat. 1140) and 
was made a part of the standing rules in the 92d Congress (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). The clause in its essential form was adopted the 
next year (former clause 5(a) of rule XV) (H. Res. 1123, Oct. 13, 1972, 
p. 36012). The electronic system was first utilized in the House on 
January 23, 1973 (p. 1793).

  A request that the voting display be turned on during debate is not in 
order (Oct. 12, 1998, p. ----).

  The Speaker inserted in the Record a detailed statement describing 
procedures to be followed during votes and quorum calls by electronic 
device and by the backup procedures therefor (Jan. 15, 1973, pp. 1054-
57). The Speaker may direct that a call of the House be conducted by an 
alphabetical call of the roll by the Clerk where, in his discretion, he 
does not utilize the electronic voting device (Mar. 7, 1973, p. 6699), 
and pursuant to this clause and clause 6 (former clause 4 of rule XV) 
the Speaker may, in his discretion, direct the Clerk to call the roll, 
in lieu of taking the vote by electronic device, where a quorum fails to 
vote on any question and objection is made for that reason (May 16, 
1973, p. 15850). The Speaker declines to entertain unanimous-consent 
requests to correct the Journal and Record on votes taken by electronic 
device (Apr. 18, 1973, p. 13081; May 10, 1973, p. 15282; June 17, 1986, 
p. 14038); and a recorded vote or quorum call may not be reopened once 
the Chair has announced the result (June 15, 2000, p. ----). However, 
the Speaker may announce a change in the result of a vote taken by 
electronic device where required to correct an error in identifying a 
signature on a voting card submitted in the well (June 11, 1981); and 
the House by unanimous consent may permit the correction of the Record 
and the Journal to delete a vote that was not actually cast (June 26, 
2000, p. ----).


[[Page 774]]

p. 6838), and in the 103d Congress the Speaker inserted in the Record 
his announcement that, in order to expedite the conduct of votes by 
electronic device, the Cloakrooms were directed not to forward to the 
Chair individual requests to hold a vote open (Speaker Foley, Jan. 6, 
1993, p. 106). In the 104th and 105th Congresses the Speaker announced 
that each occupant of the Chair would have his full support in striving 
to close each electronic vote at the earliest opportunity and that 
Members should not rely on signals relayed from outside the Chamber to 
assume that votes will be held open until they arrive (Speaker Gingrich, 
Jan. 4, 1995, p. 552; June 10, 1998, p. ----); however, the Chair will 
not close a vote while a Member is in the well attempting to vote (Feb. 
10, 1995, p. 4385; June 22, 1995, p. 16814).
  On a call of the House, or a vote, conducted by electronic device, 
Members are permitted a minimum of 15 minutes to respond, but it is 
within the discretion of the Chair, following the expiration of 15 
minutes, to allow additional time for Members to record their presence, 
or vote, before announcing the result (June 6, 1973, p. 18403; Oct. 9, 
1997, p. ----), and since this clause is incorporated by reference into 
clause 6 of rule XVIII (former clause 2 of rule XXIII), the Chairman of 
the Committee of the Whole need not convert to a regular quorum call 
precisely at the expiration of 15 minutes if 100 Members have not 
appeared on a notice quorum call, but he may continue to exercise his 
discretion under that clause at any time during the conduct of the call 
(July 17, 1974, p. 23673). Since the Chair has the discretion to close 
the vote and to announce the result at any time after 15 minutes have 
elapsed, those precedents guaranteeing Members in the Chamber the right 
to have their votes recorded even if the Chair has announced the result 
(i.e., V, 6064, 6065; VIII, 2143), which predate the use of an 
electronic voting system, do not require the Chair to hold open 
indefinitely a vote taken by electronic device (Mar. 14, 1978,


  At the end of a 15-minute vote, after the electronic voting stations 
are closed but before the Speaker's announcement of the result, a Member 
may cast an initial vote or change a vote by ballot card in the well 
(Speaker Albert, Sept. 23, 1975, p. 29850; Speaker Wright, Oct. 29, 
1987, p. 30239). In 1975 Speaker Albert announced that changes could no 
longer be made at the electronic stations but would have to be made by 
ballot card in the well (Speaker Albert, Sept. 17, 1975, p. 28903). In 
1976 Speaker Albert announced that changes could be made electronically 
during the first 10 minutes of a 15-minute voting period, but changes 
during the last 5 minutes would have to be made by ballot card in the 
well (Speaker Albert, Mar. 22, 1976, p. 7394). In 1977 Speaker O'Neill 
announced that changes could be made electronically at any time during a 
vote reduced to five minutes under the rules (Speaker O'Neill, Jan. 4, 
1977, pp. 53-70).


  (b) When the electronic voting system is inoperable or is not used, 
the Speaker or Chairman may direct the Clerk to conduct a record vote or 
quorum call as provided in clause 3 or 4.


[[Page 775]]

vote be taken by call of the roll where there was a malfunction the 
electronic display panel and the Chair could not obtain from the Clerk 
verification that the vote would be recorded with 100 percent accuracy 
(Oct. 6, 1999, p. ----).

--  3. <> The 
Speaker may direct the Clerk to conduct a record vote or quorum call by 
call of the roll. In such a case the Clerk shall call the names of 
Members, alphabetically by surname. When two or more have the same 
surname, the name of the State (and, if necessary to distinguish among 
Members from the same State, the given names of the Members) shall be 
added. After the roll has been called once, the Clerk shall call the 
names of those not recorded, alphabetically by surname. Members 
appearing after the second call, but before the result is announced, may 
vote or announce a pair.

  When the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was added as a cross reference to the backup procedures found 
in clauses 3 and 4(a) and to clarify the Chair's discretion to choose 
either backup procedure (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). In the event 
of a malfunction in the electronic voting system during a record vote, 
the Chair may vacate the results of the electronic vote and direct that 
the record vote be conducted by call of the roll under clause 3 of rule 
XX (May 4, 1988, p. ----; Oct. 6, 1999, p. ----). The question whether 
the electronic voting system is functioning reliably is in the 
discretion of the Chair, who may base a judgment on certification by the 
Clerk (Oct. 6, 1999, p. ----). For example, the Speaker continued to use 
the electronic system, even though the electronic display panels were 
temporarily inoperative, where the voting stations continued in 
operation and Members were able to verify their votes (Sept. 19, 1985, 
p. 24245; Feb. 10, 2000, p. ----). On the other hand, the Chair vacated 
the results of an electronic vote and directed that the record

  The first form of this clause (former clause 1 of rule XV) was adopted 
in 1789, and amendments were added in 1870, 1880, 1890 (V, 6046), 1969 
(H. Res. 7, 91st Cong., Jan. 3, 1969, p. 35), and 1972 (H. Res. 1123, 
92d Cong., Oct. 13, 1972, pp. 36005-012). Before the House recodified 
its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former 
clause 1 of rule XV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). While this 
clause permits the announcement of a ``live'' pair, the practice of 
general pairs found in former clause 2 of rule VIII was deleted in the 
106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----; see Sec. 1031, infra).

  The names of Members who have not been sworn are not entered on the 
roll from which the yeas and nays are called for entry on the Journal 
(V, 6048; VI, 638; VIII, 3122).


[[Page 776]]

erned by the vote as recorded and subsequent announcement by the Speaker 
of the changed result is authoritative, or he may entertain a motion for 
correction of the Journal in accordance with the vote as finally 
ascertained (VIII, 3162).
  Commencing in 1879 the Clerk, in calling the roll, called Members by 
the surnames with the prefix ``Mr.'' instead of calling the full names 
(V, 6047), but since the 62d Congress the practice has been discontinued 
in the interest of brevity (VIII, 3121). The Speaker's name is not on 
the voting roll and is not ordinarily called (V, 5970). When he votes 
his name is called at the close of the roll (V, 5965). In case of a tie 
which is revealed by a correction of the roll, he has voted after 
intervening business or even on another day (V, 5969, 6061-6063; VIII, 
3075). Where the Speaker through an error of the Clerk in reporting the 
yeas and nays announces a result different from that actually had, the 
status of the question is gov

  Under this clause, as under clause 6, the roll is called twice, and 
those Members appearing after their names are called but before the 
announcement of the result may vote or announce a ``live'' pair. Under 
the former practice, prior to the amendment adopted on January 3, 1969, 
a Member who had failed to respond on either the first or second call of 
the roll could not be recorded before the announcement of the result (V, 
6066-6070; VIII, 3134-3150) unless he qualified by declaring that he had 
been within the Hall, listening, when his name should have been called 
and failed to hear it (V, 6071-6072; VIII, 3144-3150), and then only on 
the theory that his name may have been inadvertently omitted by the 
Clerk (VIII, 3137). Under the former practice where the roll was called 
by the Clerk, either before announcement of the result (V, 6064) or 
after such announcement (VIII, 3125), the Speaker could order the vote 
recapitulated (V, 6049, 6050; VIII, 3128). A Member may not change his 
vote on recapitulation if the result has been announced (VIII, 3124), 
but errors in the record of such votes may be corrected (VIII, 3125). A 
motion that a vote be recapitulated is not privileged (VIII, 3126). The 
Speaker has declined to order a recapitulation of a vote taken by 
electronic device (Speaker Albert, July 30, 1975, p. 25841).



Sec. 1016. Bell system.

  The  legislative call system was 
designed to alert Members to certain occurrences on the floor of the 
House. The Speaker has directed that the bells and lights comprising the 
system be utilized as follows (Jan. 23, 1979, p. 701):


  Tellers--one ring and one light on left. Since teller votes were 
discontinued at the beginning of the 103d Congress, this signal is no 
longer utilized.

  Recorded vote, yeas and nays, or automatic record vote taken either by 
electronic system or by use of tellers with ballot cards--two bells and 
two lights on left indicate a vote by which Members are recorded by 
name. Bells are repeated five minutes after the first ring. When by 
unanimous consent waiving the five-minute minimum set by clause 9 
(former clause 5(b)(3) of rule I) the House authorized the Speaker to 
put remaining postponed questions to two-minute electronic votes, two 
bells were rung (Oct. 4, 1988, pp. 28126, 28148).


[[Page 777]]

  Recorded vote, yeas and nays, or automatic record electronic vote to 
be followed immediately by possible five-minute vote under clauses 8(c) 
or 9 of rule XX or clauses 6(f) or 6(g) of rule XVIII--two bells rung at 
beginning of first vote, followed by five bells, indicate that Chair 
will order five-minute votes if recorded vote, yeas and nays, or 
automatic vote is ordered immediately thereafter. Two bells repeated 
five minutes after first ring. Five bells on each subsequent electronic 
vote.

  Recorded vote, yeas and nays, or automatic roll call by call of the 
roll--two bells, followed by a brief pause, then two bells indicate such 
a vote taken by a call of the roll in the House. The bells are repeated 
when the Clerk reaches the ``R's'' in the first call of the roll.

  Regular quorum call--three bells and three lights on left indicate a 
quorum call either in the House or in Committee of the Whole by 
electronic system or by clerks. The bells are repeated five minutes 
after the first ring. Where quorum call is by call of the roll, three 
bells followed by a brief pause, then three more bells, with the process 
repeated when the Clerk reaches the ``R's'' in the first call of the 
roll, are utilized.

  Regular quorum call in Committee of the Whole, which may be followed 
immediately by five-minute electronic recorded vote--three bells rung at 
beginning of quorum call, followed by five bells, indicate that Chair 
will order five-minute vote if recorded vote is ordered on pending 
question. Three bells repeated five minutes after first ring. Five bells 
for recorded vote on pending question if ordered.

  Notice or short quorum call in Committee of the Whole--one long bell 
followed by three regular bells, and three lights on left, indicate that 
the Chair has exercised his discretion under clause 6 of rule XVIII and 
will vacate proceedings when a quorum of the Committee appears. Bells 
are repeated every five minutes unless (a) the call is vacated by 
ringing of one long bell and extinguishing of three lights, or (b) the 
call is converted into a regular quorum call and three regular bells are 
rung.

  Adjournment--four bells and four lights on left.

  Any five-minute vote--five bells and five lights on left.

  Recess of the House--six bells and six lights on left.

  Civil Defense Warning--twelve bells, sounded at two-second intervals, 
with six lights illuminated.

  The light on the far right--seven--indicates that the House is in 
session.

  Failure of the signal bells to announce a vote does not warrant 
repetition of the roll call (VIII, 3153-3155, 3157) nor does such a 
failure permit a Member to be recorded following the conclusion of the 
call (June 9, 1938, p. 8662).



Sec. 1017. Changes and corrections of votes.

  Before  the 
result of a vote has been finally and conclusively pronounced by the 
Chair, but not thereafter, a Member may change his vote (V, 5931-5933, 
6093, 6094; VIII, 3070, 3123, 3124, 3160), and a Member who has answered 
``present'' may change it to ``yea'' or ``nay'' (V, 6060). However, a 
vote given by a Member may not be withdrawn without leave of the House 
(V, 5930).



[[Page 778]]

device, based upon the technical accuracy of the electronic system if 
properly utilized and upon the responsibility of each Member to 
correctly cast and verify his vote (Apr. 18, 1973, p. 13081; May 10, 
1973, p. 15282). By unanimous consent the House may vacate proceedings 
on a recorded vote conducted in the Committee of the Whole and require a 
vote de novo where it is alleged that Members were improperly prevented 
from being recorded (June 22, 1995, p. 16815).
  When a vote actually given fails to be recorded during a call of the 
roll (V, 6061-6063) the Member may, before the approval of the Journal, 
demand as a matter of right that correction be made (V, 5969; VIII, 
3143). However, statements of other Members as to alleged errors in a 
recorded vote must be very definite and positive to justify the Speaker 
in ordering a change of the roll (V, 6064, 6099). The Speaker declines 
to entertain requests to correct the Journal and Record on votes taken 
by electronic




Sec. 1018. Interruptions of the roll call.

  When  once begun 
the roll call may not be interrupted even by a motion to adjourn (V, 
6053; VIII, 3133), a parliamentary inquiry (VIII, 3132), a question of 
personal privilege (V, 6058, 6059; VI, 554, 564), the arrival of the 
time fixed for another order of business (V, 6056) or for a recess (V, 
6054, 6055; VIII, 3133), or the presentation of a conference report (V, 
6443). However, it is interrupted for the reception of messages and by 
the arrival of the hour fixed for adjournment sine die (V, 6715-6718). 
Incidental questions arising during the roll call, such as the refusal 
of a Member to vote (V, 5946-5948), are considered after the completion 
of the call and the announcement of the vote (V, 5947). The rules do not 
preclude a Member from announcing after a recorded vote on which he 
failed to answer, how he would have voted if present (Speaker Rayburn, 
June 27, 1957, p. 10521; contra VIII, 3151), but neither the rules nor 
the practice permit a Member to announce after a recorded vote how 
absent colleagues would have voted if present (VI, 200; Apr. 3, 1933, p. 
1139; Apr. 28, 1933, p. 2587; May 20, 1933, p. 3834; Mar. 16, 1934, pp. 
4691, 4700; Apr. 14, 1937, pp. 3489, 3490; Apr. 15, 1937, p. 3563).





Sec. 1019. Quorum call by clerks.

  4. (a)  The Speaker may 
direct a record vote or quorum call to be conducted by tellers. In such 
a case the tellers named by the Speaker shall record the names of the 
Members voting on each side of the question or record their presence, as 
the case may be, which the Clerk shall enter on the Journal and publish 
in the Congressional Record. Absentees shall be noted, but the doors may 
not be closed except when ordered by the Speaker. The minimum time for a 
record vote or quorum call by tellers shall be 15 minutes.



[[Page 779]]

was found in former clause 2(b) of rule XV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 
----). The Speaker, in his discretion, may direct that the presence of 
Members be recorded by this procedure in lieu of using the electronic 
system, or the Chair may, in his discretion, direct that a quorum call 
be taken by an alphabetical call of the roll (Mar. 7, 1973, p. 6699). 
The Chairman of the Committee of the Whole also may direct that a quorum 
call be conducted by depositing quorum tally cards with clerk tellers, 
rather than by electronic device or a call of the roll (July 13, 1983, 
p. 18858).
  This paragraph was adopted as part of the general revision of this 
rule (former rule XV) which was required by the implementation of the 
electronic voting system (H. Res. 1123, 92d Cong., Oct. 13, 1972, p. 
36012). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, 
this provision


  Exercising his authority under this paragraph, the Speaker ordered the 
doors to the Chamber closed and locked during a call of the House and 
instructed the Doorkeeper to enforce the rule and let no Members leave 
the Hall (Deschler's Precedents, vol. 5, ch. 20, sec. 6.3). This clause 
does not give the Speaker the authority to lock the doors during a 
recorded vote (June 11, 1997, p. ----).




Sec. 1020. Count of those not voting to make a quorum of 
record on a roll call.

  (b)  On the demand of a Member, or at the suggestion 
of the Speaker, the names of Members sufficient to make a quorum in the 
Hall of the House who do not vote shall be noted by the Clerk, entered 
on the Journal, reported to the Speaker with the names of the Members 
voting, and be counted and announced in determining the presence of a 
quorum to do business.



  This clause was adopted in 1890 (IV, 2905), but it merely formalized a 
principle already established by a decision of the Chair (IV, 2895). It 
was much in use in the first years after its adoption (III, 2620; IV, 
2905-2907); but with the decline of obstruction in the House and the 
adoption of clause 6 (former clause 4 of rule XV) of this rule the 
necessity for its use has disappeared to a large extent. Before the 
House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was 
found in former clause 3 of rule XV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). 
The Speaker may direct the Clerk to note names of Members under this 
rule even on a vote for which a quorum is not necessary (VIII, 3152).



Sec. 1021. The call of the House.

  5. (a)  In the absence of a 
quorum, a majority comprising at least 15 Members, which may include the 
Speaker, may compel the attendance of absent Members.



[[Page 780]]

officers appointed by him to arrest those Members for whom no sufficient 
excuse is made and shall secure and retain their attendance. The House 
shall determine on what condition they shall be discharged. Unless the 
House otherwise directs, the Members who voluntarily appear shall be 
admitted immediately to the Hall of the House and shall report their 
names to the Clerk to be entered on the Journal as present.

  (b) Subject to clause 7(b) a majority of those present may order the 
Sergeant-at-Arms to send

  The essential portions of this provision were adopted in 1789 and 
1795, with minor amendments in 1888, 1890 (IV, 2982), and 1971 (H. Res. 
5, 92d Cong., Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). Later in the 92d Congress several 
provisions of this rule, including this clause, were amended to reflect 
the implementation of the electronic voting system (H. Res. 1123, Oct. 
13, 1972, pp. 36005-12). The provisions relating to the call of the roll 
by the Clerk were deleted. Calls of the House are now taken by the 
electronic device unless the Speaker, in his discretion orders the use 
of the alternative procedure in clause 2(b). Together with clause 7 
(former clause 6(e)(2) of rule XV) this provision was further amended in 
the 96th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 1979, pp. 7-16) to conform to the 
requirement in that provision that further proceedings under the call 
shall be dispensed with unless the Speaker in his discretion recognizes 
for a call of the House or a motion to compel attendance under this 
paragraph. This clause must be read in light of clause 7 (former clause 
6(e) of rule XV), which prohibits the point of order that a quorum is 
not present unless the Speaker has put a question to a vote. Before the 
House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was 
found in former clause 2(a) of rule XV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----
).



Sec. 1022. Ordering and conducting the call.

  Under  this rule 
a call may not be ordered by less than 15, and without that number 
present the motion for a call is not entertained (IV, 2983). It must be 
ordered by majority vote, and a minority of 15 or more favoring a call 
on such vote is not sufficient (IV, 2984). A quorum not being present no 
motion is in order but for a call of the House or to adjourn (IV, 2950, 
2988; VI, 680), and at this stage the motion to adjourn has precedence 
over the motion for a call of the House (VIII, 2642).



[[Page 781]]

manded (IV, 2933). However, during proceedings under the call the roll 
may be ordered to be called again by those present (IV, 2991).
  While the following precedents predate the use of the electronic 
voting and recording system, they are retained in the Manual because of 
their general applicability with respect to calls of the House. A roll 
call under paragraph (a) may not be interrupted by a motion to dispense 
with further proceedings under the call (IV, 2992), and a recapitulation 
of the names of those who appear after their names have been called may 
not be de

  During a call less than a quorum may revoke leaves of absence (IV, 
3003, 3004) and excuse a Member from attendance (IV, 3000, 3001), but 
may not grant leaves of absence (IV, 3002). The roll is sometimes called 
for excuses, and motions to excuse are in order during this call (IV, 
2997), but neither the motion to excuse nor an incidental appeal are 
debatable (IV, 2999). After the roll has been called for excuses, and 
the House has ordered the arrest of those who are unexcused, a motion to 
excuse an absentee is in order when he is brought to the bar (IV, 3012).



Sec. 1023. Arrest of Members.

  An  order of arrest for absent 
Members may be made after a single calling of the roll (IV, 3015, 3016), 
and a warrant issued on direction of those present, such motion having 
precedence of a motion to dispense with proceedings under the call (IV, 
3036). The Sergeant-at-Arms is required to arrest Members wherever they 
may be found (IV, 3017), and leave for a committee to sit during 
sessions does not release its Members from liability to arrest (IV, 
3020). A motion to require the Sergeant-at-Arms to report progress in 
securing a quorum is in order during a call of the House (VI, 687). A 
Member who appears and answers is not subject to arrest (IV, 3019), and 
in a case where a Member complained of wrongful arrest the House ordered 
the Sergeant-at-Arms to investigate and amend the return of his warrant 
(IV, 3021). A Member once arrested having escaped it was held that he 
might not be brought back on the same warrant (IV, 3022). A privileged 
motion to compel the attendance of absent Members is in order after the 
Chair has announced that a quorum has not responded on a negative 
recorded vote on a motion to adjourn (Nov. 2, 1987, p. 30386).


  The former practice of presenting Members at the bar during a call of 
the House (IV, 3030-3035) is obsolete, and Members now report to the 
Clerk and are recorded without being formally excused unless brought in 
under compulsion (VI, 684). Those present on a call may prescribe a fine 
as a condition of discharge, and the House has by resolution revoked all 
leaves of absence and directed the Sergeant-at-Arms to deduct from the 
salary of Members compensation for days absent without leave (VI, 30, 
198), but this penalty has been of rare occurrence (IV, 3013, 3014, 
3025). Form of resolution for the arrest of Members absent without leave 
(VI, 686). Having rejected a motion to adjourn, less than a quorum of 
the House rejected a motion directing the Sergeant-at-Arms to arrest 
absent Members, rejected a second motion to adjourn, and then adopted a 
motion authorizing the Speaker to compel the attendance of absent 
members (Nov. 2, 1987, p. 30387).


[[Page 782]]

able nor subject to amendment, thus the motion to lay it on the table is 
not in order (Aug. 27, 1962, p. 17653; Dec. 18, 1970, p. 42504).
  The motion to dispense with further proceedings under the call of the 
House is not in order when a motion to arrest absent Members is pending 
(IV, 3029, 3037); is not entertained until a quorum responds on the 
call, but may be agreed to by less than a quorum thereafter (IV, 3038, 
3040; VI, 689; Sept. 11, 1968, p. 26453; Dec. 22, 1970, p. 43311); is 
neither debat




Sec. 1024. Motions during a call.

  During  the call, which in 
later practice has been invoked only in absence of a quorum, incidental 
motions may be agreed to by less than a quorum (IV, 2994, 3029; VI, 
681), and under clause 7 (former clause 6(a)(4) of rule XV) a point of 
order of no quorum may not be made during the offering, consideration, 
and disposition of any motion incidental to a call of the House. This 
includes motions for the previous question (V, 5458), to reconsider and 
to lay the motion to reconsider on the table (V, 5607, 5608), to 
adjourn, which is in order even in the midst of the call of the roll for 
excuses (IV, 2998) or while the House is dividing on a motion for a call 
of the House (VIII, 2644), and which takes precedence over a motion to 
dispense with further proceedings under the call (VIII, 2643), and an 
appeal from a decision of the Chair (IV, 3010, 3037; VI, 681). The yeas 
and nays may also be ordered (IV, 3010), but a question of privilege may 
not be raised unless it be something connected immediately with the 
proceedings (III, 2545). Motions not strictly incidental to the call are 
not admitted, as for a recess (IV, 2995, 2996), to excuse a Member from 
voting even when otherwise in order (IV, 3007), to enforce the statute 
relating to deductions of pay of Members for absence (IV, 3011; VI, 
682), to construe a rule or make a new rule (IV, 3008), or to order a 
change of a Journal record (IV, 3009). A motion for a call of the House 
is not debatable (VI, 683, 688). The motion to compel the attendance of 
absent Members, being neither debatable nor amendable, is not subject to 
a motion to lay on the table (Speaker Wright, Nov. 2, 1987, p. 30389).




Sec. 1025. The call of the House in the new 
form.

  6. (a)  When a quorum fails to vote on a question, a quorum is not 
present, and objection is made for that cause (unless the House shall 
adjourn)--


      (1) there shall be a call of the House;

      (2) the Sergeant-at-Arms shall proceed forthwith to bring in 
absent Members; and

      (3) the yeas and nays on the pending question shall at the same 
time be considered as ordered.


[[Page 783]]

under this clause shall be brought by the Sergeant-at-Arms before the 
House, whereupon he shall be noted as present, discharged from arrest, 
and given an opportunity to vote; and his vote shall be recorded. If 
those voting on the question and those who are present and decline to 
vote together make a majority of the House, the Speaker shall declare 
that a quorum is constituted, and the pending question shall be decided 
as the requisite majority of those voting shall have determined. 
Thereupon further proceedings under the call shall be considered as 
dispensed with.
  (b) The Clerk shall record Members by the yeas and nays on the pending 
question, using such procedure as the Speaker may invoke under clause 2, 
3, or 4. Each Member arrested


  (c) At any time after Members have had the requisite opportunity to 
respond by the yeas and nays, but before a result has been announced, 
the Speaker may entertain a motion that the House adjourn if seconded by 
a majority of those present, to be ascertained by actual count by the 
Speaker. If the House adjourns on such a motion, all proceedings under 
this clause shall be considered as vacated.

  This clause (former clause 4 of rule XV) was adopted in 1896 (IV, 
3041; VI, 690); and amended in 1972 to make its provisions subject to 
clause 2 (former clause 5) of this rule (H. Res. 1123, 92d Cong., p. 
36012). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, 
this provision was found in former clause 4 of rule XV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 
6, 1999, p. ----). Where objection is raised to a vote in the House on 
the ground that a quorum is not present, and a quorum is in fact not 
present, the Speaker may direct that the call of the House be taken by 
electronic device under clause 2 (former clause 5), or may, in his 
discretion, direct the Clerk to call the roll pursuant to this clause 
(May 16, 1973, p. 15860).


[[Page 784]]

a quorum is not required to adjourn, a point of no quorum on a negative 
vote on adjournment, if sustained, precipitates a call of the House 
under the rule (VI, 700; June 4, 1951, pp. 6097, 6098; June 15, 1951, p. 
6621). Where less than a quorum rejects a motion to adjourn, the House 
may not consider business but may dispose of motions to compel the 
attendance of absent Members (Nov. 2, 1987, p. 30387).
  It applies only to votes wherein a quorum is required, and hence does 
not apply to an affirmative vote on a motion to adjourn (July 25, 1949, 
p. 10092; Nov. 4, 1983, p. 30946), or motions incidental to a call of 
the House which may be agreed to by less than a quorum (IV, 2994, 3029; 
VI, 681), or to a call when there is no question pending (IV, 2990). 
While

  When a Member objects to a vote on the ground that a quorum is not 
present and makes the point of order under this clause, the Speaker may 
count the House and determine the presence of a quorum, and is not 
required to announce his actual count under the first sentence of this 
clause (Sept. 30, 1981, p. 22456). Where the Speaker ascertains the 
presence of a quorum by actual count following an objection to a vote 
under this clause, or on a rejected demand for the yeas and nays and a 
division vote is then had on the pending question, the division vote is 
intervening business (see VIII, 2804) permitting another objection to 
the lack of a quorum, and the Speaker must again count the House (Mar. 
17, 1976, p. 6792; Aug. 2, 1979, p. 22006). However, where the announced 
absence of a quorum has resulted in a record vote under this clause (on 
the Speaker's approval of the Journal), the House may not, even by 
unanimous consent, vacate the vote in order to conduct another voice 
vote in lieu of the record vote, since no business, including a 
unanimous-consent agreement, is in order in the announced absence of a 
quorum (July 13, 1983, p. 18844; Feb. 24, 1988, p. 2450). The House 
having authorized the Speaker to compel the attendance of absent 
Members, the Speaker announced that the Sergeant-at-Arms would proceed 
with necessary and efficacious steps, and that pending the establishment 
of a quorum no further business, including unanimous-consent requests 
for recess authority, could be entertained (Nov. 2, 1987, p. 30389).


[[Page 785]]

made after a viva voce vote (VI, 697). An automatic roll call under this 
rule is not in order in Committee of the Whole (Aug. 2, 1966, p. 17844). 
Pursuant to clause 8, where the Speaker has announced that he will 
postpone further proceedings on motions to suspend the rules on that day 
if any votes are objected to under this clause, and objection is then 
made to any such votes, further proceedings are automatically postponed 
and the question is put de novo when that vote recurs as unfinished 
business, when further proceedings are postponed, the point of order 
that a quorum is not present is considered as withdrawn, since no longer 
in order (a question not being pending after the Speaker's announcement 
of postponement). See clause 7, infra.



Sec. 1026. Conduct of the call in the new form.

  Under  this 
clause the roll is called over twice, and those appearing after their 
names are called may vote (IV, 3052). A motion to adjourn may be made 
before the call begins (IV, 3050). After the roll has been called, and 
while the proceedings to obtain a quorum are going on, motions to excuse 
Members are in order (IV, 3051). The Sergeant-at-Arms is required to 
detain those who are present and bring in absentees (IV, 3045-3048), and 
he does this without the authority of a resolution adopted by those 
present (IV, 3049). There is doubt as to whether or not a warrant is 
necessary but it is customary for the Speaker to issue one on the 
authority of the rule (IV, 3043; VI, 702). When arrested, Members are 
arraigned at the bar, and either vote or are noted as present, after 
which they are discharged (IV, 3044). When a quorum fails to vote on a 
yea-and-nay vote on a motion which requires a quorum to be present, and 
a quorum is not present, the Chair takes notice of the fact, and unless 
the House adjourns, a call of the House is ordered by the Chair under 
this rule, and the vote is taken on the question de novo (IV, 3045, 
3052; VI, 679). An automatic roll call results under this rule when the 
objection that a quorum is not present and voting is




Sec. 1027. Quorum; when not required.

  7. (a)  The Speaker may 
not entertain a point of order that a quorum is not present unless a 
question has been put to a vote.




Sec. 1028. Speaker's discretion to recognize for motion 
for call of House.

  (b)  Subject to paragraph (c) the Speaker may recognize 
a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner to move a call of the House 
at any time. When a quorum is established pursuant to a call of the 
House, further proceedings under the call shall be considered as 
dispensed with unless the Speaker recognizes for a motion to compel 
attendance of Members under clause 5(b).





Sec. 1029. Relation of previous question to failure of a 
quorum.

  (c)  A call of the House shall not be in order after the previous 
question is ordered unless the Speaker determines by actual count that a 
quorum is not present.



[[Page 786]]

The 106th Congress also transferred former clause 6(b) of rule XV to 
clause 6(d) of rule XVIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).
  Paragraphs (a) and (b) were adopted in the 93d Congress (H. Res. 998, 
Apr. 9, 1974, pp. 10195-99) and amended in the 95th Congress (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70) and in the 96th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 
1979, pp. 7-16) to dispense with further proceedings under any call of 
the House when a quorum appears unless the Speaker at his discretion 
recognizes for a motion. Paragraph (c) (former clause 2 of rule XVII) 
was adopted in 1860 (V, 5447). Before the House recodified its rules in 
the 106th Congress, paragraphs (a) and (b) were found in former clause 6 
of rule XV and paragraph (c) was found in former clause 2 of rule XVII.

  Under this clause the Speaker may not entertain a point of order of no 
quorum when he has not put a question to a vote in the House (Speaker 
O'Neill, Jan. 11, 1977, p. 891; Jan. 31, 1977, p. 2640; Sept. 30, 1997, 
p. ----; July 21, 1998, p. ----). The Chair may not entertain a point of 
order of no quorum pending a request that a committee be permitted to 
sit under the five-minute rule, since the Chair has not put the question 
on a pending proposition to a vote (June 18, 1980, p. 15316). However, 
under this clause the Speaker may at any time in his discretion 
recognize a Member of his choice to move a call of the House (Speaker 
O'Neill, Jan. 19, 1977, p. 1719; Jan. 31, 1977, p. 2640; Aug. 6, 1986, 
p. 19370), or may choose not to do so (Sept. 30, 1997, p. ----), even, 
for example, prior to the call of the Private Calendar, which is in 
order after approval of the Journal and disposition of business on the 
Speaker's table (July 8, 1987, p. 18972).

  The Speaker's refusal to entertain a point of order of no quorum when 
a pending question has not been put to a vote is not subject to an 
appeal, since the clause contains an absolute and unambiguous 
prohibition against entertaining such a point of order (Sept. 16, 1977, 
p. 29562). During debate on a measure in the House the Speaker will not 
respond to an inquiry as to the number of Members present in the 
Chamber, since a point of no quorum is not admissible unless he has put 
the pending question to a vote (Oct. 28, 1987, p. 29682).


Postponement of proceedings
  In adopting this rule, the House has presumably determined that the 
mere conduct of debate in the House, where the Chair has not put the 
pending motion or proposition to a vote, is not such business as 
requires a quorum under the Constitution (art. I, sec. 5, cl. 1), and 
neither a point of order of no quorum during debate only nor a point of 
order against the enforcement of this clause lies independently under 
the Constitution (Sept. 8, 1977, p. 28114; Sept. 12, 1977, p. 28800; 
Feb. 27, 1986, p. 3060). Clause 7(c) of rule XX provides that after the 
previous question is ordered a call of the House shall only be in order 
if the Speaker determines by actual count of the House that a quorum is 
not present.


[[Page 787]]

agreeing to the Speaker's approval of the Journal) or within two 
legislative days (in the case of any other question).


Sec. 1030. Postponing record votes on passage.

  8. (a)(1)  When a 
recorded vote is ordered, or the yeas and nays are ordered, or a vote is 
objected to under clause 6 on any of the questions specified in 
subparagraph (2), the Speaker may postpone further proceedings on that 
question to a designated place in the legislative schedule on that 
legislative day (in the case of the question of


  (2) The questions described in the subparagraph (1) are as follows:

      (A) The question of passing a bill or joint resolution.

      (B) The question of adopting a resolution or concurrent 
resolution.

      (C) The question of agreeing to a motion to instruct managers on 
the part of the House (except that proceedings may not resume on such a 
motion under clause 7(c) of rule XXII if the managers have filed a 
report in the House).

      (D) The question of agreeing to a conference report.

      (E) The question of agreeing to a motion to recommit a bill 
considered under clause 6 of rule XV.

      (F) The question of ordering the previous question on a question 
described in subdivision (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E).

      (G) The question of agreeing to an amendment to a bill considered 
under clause 6 of rule XV.

      (H) The question of agreeing to a motion to suspend the rules.


[[Page 788]]

  (b) At the time designated by the Speaker for further proceedings on 
questions postponed under paragraph (a), the Speaker shall resume 
proceedings on each postponed question in the order in which it was 
considered.

  (c) The Speaker may reduce to five minutes the minimum time for 
electronic voting on a question postponed under this clause, or on a 
question incidental thereto, that follows another electronic vote 
without intervening business, so long as the minimum time for electronic 
voting on the first in any series of questions is 15 minutes.


  (d) If the House adjourns on a legislative day designated for further 
proceedings on questions postponed under this clause without disposing 
of such questions, then on the next legislative day the unfinished 
business is the disposition of such questions in the order in which they 
were considered.


[[Page 789]]

time for electronic voting on a question postponed under this clause was 
expanded to include questions incidental thereto and to permit the first 
postponed vote in a series to be a five-minute vote if it immediately 
follows a 15-minute vote. Before the House recodified its rules in the 
106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 5(b) of rule I 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).
  This provision (former clause 5(b) of rule I) was added in the 96th 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 1979, p. 7), and subparagraph (1) was 
amended in the 97th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1981, pp. 98-113) to 
place all authority for the postponing of further proceedings on certain 
questions into this clause. This consolidation was accomplished with the 
addition of the authority to postpone further proceedings on reports 
from the Committee on Rules and the authority to postpone further 
proceedings on motions to suspend the rules and pass bills or adopt 
resolutions. The authority for the Speaker to postpone further 
proceedings on agreeing to his approval of the Journal until later that 
legislative day was added in the 98th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1983, 
p. 34). The authority for the Speaker to postpone further proceedings on 
motions to instruct conferees after 20 calendar days in conference was 
added in the 101st Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1989, p. 72). The 
authority for the Speaker to postpone further proceedings on the 
original motion to instruct conferees was added in the 106th Congress 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). In the 104th Congress the list of 
questions susceptible of postponement was reordered and expanded to 
include a vote on ordering the previous question on another question 
that is, itself, susceptible of postponement (sec. 223(a), H. Res. 6, 
Jan. 4, 1995, p. 469). In the 105th Congress subparagraph (1) was 
amended to enable postponement of certain questions during consideration 
of bills called from the Corrections Calendar, i.e., agreeing to an 
amendment, ordering the previous question on a motion to recommit, and 
agreeing to a motion to recommit (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). In 
the 106th Congress the Speaker's authority to reduce to five minutes the 
minimum

  The Speaker first exercised his authority to postpone a record vote on 
the approval of the Journal on November 10, 1983 (p. 32097). That 
authority includes the power to postpone a division vote on the approval 
of the Journal that is objected to under clause 6 of rule XX (former 
clause 4 of rule XV) (Sept. 21, 1993, p. 21820). On questions not 
enumerated in this paragraph, such as the initial motion to instruct 
conferees prior to the 106th Congress, unanimous consent was required to 
permit the Speaker to postpone such record votes (Oct. 6, 1986, p. 
28704).

  Pursuant to clause 7 of rule XX (former clause 6(e) of rule XV), 
prohibiting a point of order of no quorum unless the Speaker has put the 
pending proposition to a vote, the Speaker announces, after postponing a 
vote on a motion to suspend the rules where objection has been made to 
the vote on the grounds that a quorum is not present, that the point of 
order is considered as withdrawn, since the Chair is no longer putting 
the question (May 16, 1977, p. 14785). At the conclusion of debate on 
all motions to suspend the rules on a legislative day, the Speaker 
announces that he will put the question on each motion on which further 
proceedings have been postponed--either de novo if objection to the vote 
has been made under clause 6 of rule XX (former clause 4 of rule XV) or 
for a ``yea and nay'' or recorded vote if previously ordered by the 
House in the order in which the motions had been entered (June 4, 1974, 
pp. 17521-47). Clause 8(a) of rule XX (former clause 5(b) of rule I) 
does not require the Chair's customary announcement at the beginning of 
consideration of motions to suspend the rules that the Chair intends to 
postpone possible record votes (Feb. 23, 1993, p. 3281; Nov. 14, 1995, 
p. 32385).

  Under the authority to postpone further proceedings on a specified 
question to a designated time within two legislative days, the Speaker 
may simultaneously designate separate times for the resumption of 
proceedings on separate postponed questions (Mar. 3, 1992, p. 4072). 
Once the Speaker has postponed record votes to a designated place in the 
legislative schedule, he may subsequently redesignate the time when the 
votes will be taken within the appropriate period (June 6, 1984, p. 
15080; Oct. 3, 1988, pp. 27782, 27878). When the House adjourns on the 
second legislative day after postponement of a question under this 
clause without resuming proceedings thereon, the question remains 
unfinished business on the next legislative day (Oct. 1, 1997, p. ----).


[[Page 790]]

record votes on motions to suspend the rules and then having clustered 
record votes on passage of other measures considered immediately after 
debate on the suspension motions, the Speaker may, pursuant to this 
clause, conduct all the postponed votes in one sequence and reduce to 
five minutes the time for all electronic votes after the first 
suspension vote (May 17, 1983, p. 12508; Oct. 2, 1989, p. 22724). 
However, the Chair may decline, in his discretion, to recognize for a 
unanimous-consent request to reduce to five minutes the first vote in 
the series, since the bell and light system would not give adequate 
notice of the initial five-minute vote (Oct. 8, 1985, p. 26666). 
However, prior to the 106th Congress, where a series of votes had been 
postponed pursuant to this clause to occur following a 15-minute vote on 
another measure not a part of that series, the vote on the first 
postponed measure could have been reduced to five minutes only by 
unanimous consent (May 24, 1983, p. 13595; July 22, 1996, p. 18410). By 
unanimous consent waiving the five-minute minimum set by paragraph (c) 
(former clause 5(b)(3) of rule I), the House has authorized the Speaker 
to put remaining postponed questions to two-minute electronic votes 
(Oct. 4, 1988, pp. 28126, 28148). The Speaker may ``cluster'' postponed 
votes on a motion to suspend the rules and on adoption of a resolution 
in the order in which those questions were considered on the preceding 
day (July 19, 1983, p. 19774). The requirement that the Speaker put each 
question on motions to suspend the rules in the order in which 
postponed, does not prevent the Speaker from entertaining a unanimous-
consent request for the consideration of a similar Senate measure 
following passage of a House bill and prior to the next postponed vote 
(Feb. 15, 1983, p. 2175). Since a resolution raising a question of the 
privileges of the House takes precedence over a motion to suspend the 
rules, it may be offered and voted on between motions to suspend the 
rules on which the Speaker has postponed record votes until after debate 
on all suspensions (May 17, 1983, p. 12486). Proceedings may not resume 
on a postponed question of agreeing to a 20-day motion to instruct 
conferees after the managers have filed a conference report in the House 
(Oct. 19, 1999, p. ----).
  Following the first postponed vote on motions to suspend the rules, 
the Speaker may in his discretion reduce to not less than five minutes 
the time for taking votes on any or all of the subsequent motions on 
which votes have been postponed (June 4, 1974, p. 17547). Having 
clustered


  For several years prior to the 107th Congress, special rules adopted 
by the House routinely provided the Chairman of the Committee of the 
Whole authority to postpone and cluster requests for recorded votes on 
amendments. In the 107th Congress that authority was given to the 
Chairman in the standing rules by adoption of a new clause 6(g) of rule 
XVIII. For a discussion of such authority, see Sec. 984, supra.


[[Page 791]]

in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). The Rules of 
the House continue to permit the announcement of a ``live'' pair under 
clause 3 of rule XX (Sec. 1015, supra).


Sec. 1031. Former pairs.

  Former  clause 2 of rule VIII 
(proposed to be recodified as clause 8 of rule XX) was adopted in 1880, 
although the practice of pairing had then existed in the House for many 
years (V, 5981). The language of the clause was slightly altered by 
amendment in 1972 to reflect the installation of electronic voting in 
the 93d Congress (H. Res. 1123, Oct. 13, 1972, pp. 36005-12). It was 
amended in the 94th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 14, 1975, p. 20) to permit 
pairs to be announced in the Committee of the Whole. Former clause 2 of 
rule VIII was deleted



Five-minute votes--
  Prior to the 106th Congress, pairs were not announced at a time other 
than that prescribed by the former rule (V, 6046), and the voting 
intentions of an absent Member were not otherwise announced by a 
colleague (VIII, 3151). Prior to the 94th Congress pairs were not 
permitted in Committee of the Whole (V, 5984; Speaker Albert, Jan. 15, 
1973, p. 1054). The House did not consider questions arising out of the 
breaking of a pair (V, 5982, 5983, 6095; VIII, 3082, 3085, 3087-3089, 
3093), or permit a Member to vote after the call on the plea that he had 
refrained because of misunderstanding as to a pair (V, 6080, 6081). 
Discussion of the origin of the practice of pairing in the House and 
Senate (VIII, 3076). On questions requiring a two-thirds majority 
Members were paired two in the affirmative against one in the negative 
(VIII, 3088; Nov. 15, 1983, p. 32685). For Speaker Clark's 
interpretation of the rule and practice of the House of Representatives 
as to pairs, see VIII, 3089.



Sec. 1032. ``15and5'' voting.

  9.  The Speaker may reduce to five 
minutes the minimum time for electronic voting--


      (a) after a record vote on a motion for the previous question, on 
any underlying question that follows without intervening business, or on 
a question incidental thereto;

      (b) after a record vote on an amendment reported from the 
Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, on any 
subsequent amendment to that bill or resolution reported from the 
Committee of the Whole, or on a question incidental thereto;


[[Page 792]]

follows without intervening business the vote on the motion to recommit; 
or
      (c) after a record vote on a motion to recommit a bill, 
resolution, or conference report, on the question of passage or 
adoption, as the case may be, of such bill, resolution, or conference 
report, or on a question incidental thereto, if the question of passage 
or adoption


      (d) as provided in clause 6(b)(3) of rule XVIII, clause 6(f) of 
rule XVIII, or clause 8 of this rule.

  The authority now found in clause 9(c) (former clause 5(b)(3) of rule 
XV) was first added as an undesignated last sentence of former clause 5 
in the 96th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 1979, pp. 7-16) to permit the 
Speaker to reduce to five minutes the vote on final passage immediately 
following a 15-minute recorded vote on a motion to recommit. The 
authority now found in clause 9(b) (former clause 5(b)(2) of rule XV) 
was first added as an undesignated penultimate sentence of clause 5 in 
the 101st Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1989, p. 72) to permit the 
Speaker to reduce to five minutes any record votes on amendments 
reported to the House from Committee of the Whole after a 15-minute vote 
on the first of such amendments. When the authority found in clause 9(a) 
(former clause 5(b)(1) of rule XV) was added in the 103d Congress (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1993, p. 49) to permit the Speaker to reduce to five 
minutes the vote on adoption of a special order of business resolution 
immediately following a 15-minute recorded vote on ordering the previous 
question thereon, former clause 5 was organized into paragraphs. In the 
104th Congress clause 9(a) (former clause 5(b)(1) of rule XV) was 
broadened to cover any previous question situation (sec. 223(e), H. Res. 
6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 469). In the 106th Congress the Speaker's authority 
to reduce to five minutes the minimum time for electronic voting on a 
question under this clause was expanded to include questions incidental 
thereto. The 106th Congress also, when the House recodified its rules, 
transferred this provision from former clause 5(b) of rule XV (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 793]]

question on adoption of an amendment that immediately follows another 
electronic vote. This clause does not give the Chair the authority to 
reduce to five minutes the vote on a motion to recommit occurring 
immediately after a recorded vote on an amendment reported from the 
Committee of the Whole, and the Chair will not entertain a unanimous-
consent request to reduce that vote to five minutes after Members had 
already left the Chamber with the expectation that the next vote would 
be a 15-minute vote (June 29, 1994, p. 15107; July 14, 1999, p. ----).
  Five-minute votes are now permitted at the discretion of the Chair in 
the following circumstances: (1) under clause 8, on additional questions 
on which the Speaker has postponed further proceedings immediately 
following a 15-minute vote; (2) under clause 9(a), on an underlying 
question (or on a question incidental thereto) immediately following a 
15-minute recorded vote on ordering the previous question thereon; (3) 
under clause 9(b), on second and subsequent separate votes in the House 
on amendments reported from Committee of the Whole (or on a question 
incidental thereto) immediately following a 15-minute vote on the first 
such separate vote; (4) under clause 9(c), on final passage (or on a 
question incidental thereto) immediately following a 15-minute recorded 
vote on recommittal; (5) under clause 6(b)(3) of rule XVIII, on a 
pending question immediately following a regular quorum call in 
Committee of the Whole; (6) under clause 6(f) of rule XVIII, on any or 
all pending amendments immediately following a 15-minute recorded vote 
on the first such pending amendment in Committee of the Whole; and (7) 
under clause 6(g) of rule XVIII, on a postponed


Automatic yeas and nays
  In the 95th Congress, the Speaker announced that changes could be made 
electronically at any time during a vote reduced to five minutes under 
the rules (Speaker O'Neill, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70).




Sec. 1033. Yeas and nays ordered on certain questions.

  10.  The 
yeas and nays shall be considered as ordered when the Speaker puts the 
question on passage of a bill or joint resolution, or on adoption of a 
conference report, making general appropriations, or increasing Federal 
income tax rates (within the meaning of clause 5 of rule XXI), or on 
final adoption of a concurrent resolution on the budget or conference 
report thereon.



Ballot votes
  This clause was adopted in the 104th Congress (sec. 214, H. Res. 6, 
Jan. 4, 1995, p. 468). Before the House recodified its rules in the 
106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 7 of rule XV 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



[[Page 794]]




Sec. 1034. Elections by ballot.

  11.  In a case of ballot for 
election, a majority of the votes shall be necessary to an election. 
When there is not such a majority on the first ballot, the process shall 
be repeated until a majority is obtained. In all balloting blanks shall 
be rejected, may not be counted in the enumeration of votes, and may not 
be reported by the tellers.




 
  This rule was first adopted in 1789 and was amended in 1837 (V, 6003). 
It was renumbered January 3, 1953 (p. 24). The last election by ballot 
seems to have occurred in 1868 (V, 6003).

                                Rule XXI


Reservation of certain points of order
                      restrictions on certain bills




Sec. 1035. Reservation of points of order.

  1.  At the time a 
general appropriation bill is reported, all points of order against 
provisions therein shall be considered as reserved.



General appropriation bills and amendments
  This clause was added in the 104th Congress (sec. 215(e), H. Res. 6, 
Jan. 4, 1995, p. 468), rendering unnecessary the former practice that a 
Member reserve points of order when a general appropriation bill was 
referred to the calendar of the Committee of the Whole House on the 
state of the Union, in order that provisions in violation of rule XXI 
could be stricken in the Committee of the Whole (see Sec. 1044, infra). 
Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 8 of rule XXI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).



Sec. 1036. Unauthorized appropriations in reported 
general appropriation bills or amendments thereto.

  2. (a)(1)  An appropriation 
may not be reported in a general appropriation bill, and may not be in 
order as an amendment thereto, for an expenditure not previously 
authorized by law, except to continue appropriations for public works 
and objects that are already in progress.



[[Page 795]]

already in progress. This subparagraph does not apply to transfers of 
unexpended balances within the department or agency for which they were 
originally appropriated that are reported by the Committee on 
Appropriations.


Sec. 1037. Reappropriations prohibited.

  (2)  A 
reappropriation of unexpended balances of appropriations may not be 
reported in a general appropriation bill, and may not be in order as an 
amendment thereto, except to continue appropriations for public works 
and objects that are




Sec. 1038. Legislation in reported general appropriation 
bills; exceptions.

  (b)  A provision changing existing law may not be 
reported in a general appropriation bill, including a provision making 
the availability of funds contingent on the receipt or possession of 
information not required by existing law for the period of the 
appropriation, except germane provisions that retrench expenditures by 
the reduction of amounts of money covered by the bill (which may include 
those recommended to the Committee on Appropriations by direction of a 
legislative committee having jurisdiction over the subject matter) and 
except rescissions of appropriations contained in appropriation Acts.



[[Page 796]]



Sec. 1039. Legislation or limitations in amendments to 
general appropriation bills.

  (c)  An amendment to a general appropriation 
bill shall not be in order if changing existing law, including an 
amendment making the availability of funds contingent on the receipt or 
possession of information not required by existing law for the period of 
the appropriation. Except as provided in paragraph (d), an amendment 
proposing a limitation not specifically contained or authorized in 
existing law for the period of the limitation shall not be in order 
during consideration of a general appropriation bill.




Sec. 1040. Motion to rise and report as preferential to 
amendments.

  (d)  After a general appropriation bill has been read for 
amendment, a motion that the Committee of the Whole House on the state 
of the Union rise and report the bill to the House with such amendments 
as may have been adopted shall, if offered by the Majority Leader or a 
designee, have precedence over motions to amend the bill. If such a 
motion to rise and report is rejected or not offered, amendments 
proposing limitations not specifically contained or authorized in 
existing law for the period of the limitation or proposing germane 
amendments that retrench expenditures by reductions of amounts of money 
covered by the bill may be considered.




Sec. 1041. Designated emergencies in reported 
appropriation bills.

  (e)  A provision other than an appropriation 
designated an emergency under section 251(b)(2) or section 252(e) of the 
Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act, a rescission of 
budget authority, or a reduction in direct spending or an amount for a 
designated emergency may not be reported in an appropriation bill or 
joint resolution containing an emergency designation under section 
251(b)(2) or section 252(e) of such Act and may not be in order as an 
amendment thereto.



[[Page 797]]

without increasing the levels of budget authority or outlays in the 
bill. When considered en bloc under this paragraph, such amendments may 
amend portions of the bill not yet read for amendment (following 
disposition of any points of order against such portions) and is not 
subject to a demand for division of the question in the House or in the 
Committee of the Whole.



Sec. 1042. Offsetting amendments en bloc to appropriation 
bills.

  (f)  During the reading of an appropriation bill for amendment in 
the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, it shall be 
in order to consider en bloc amendments proposing only to transfer 
appropriations among objects in the bill




Sec. 1043. Clause 2 of rule XXI, generally.

  The  25th 
Congress in 1837 was the first to adopt a rule prohibiting 
appropriations in a general appropriation bill or amendment thereto not 
previously authorized by law, in order to prevent delay of appropriation 
bills because of contention over propositions of legislation. In 1838 
that Congress added the exception to permit unauthorized appropriations 
for continuation of works in progress and for contingencies for carrying 
on departments of the Government. The rule remained in that form until 
the 44th Congress in 1876, when William S. Holman of Indiana persuaded 
the House to amend the rule to permit germane legislative retrenchments. 
In 1880, the 46th Congress dropped the exception which permitted 
unauthorized appropriations for contingencies of Government departments, 
and modified the ``Holman Rule'' to define retrenchments as the 
reduction of the number and salary of officers of the United States, the 
reduction of compensation of any person paid out of the Treasury of the 
United States, or the reduction of the amounts of money covered by the 
bill. That form of the retrenchment exception remained in place until 
the 49th Congress in 1885, when it was dropped until the 52d Congress in 
1891, and then reinserted through the 53d Congress until 1894. It was 
again dropped in the 54th Congress from 1895 until reinserted in the 62d 
Congress in 1911 (IV, 3578; VII, 1125).


  The clause remained unamended until January 3, 1983, when the 98th 
Congress restructured it in the basic form of paragraphs (a)-(d). 
Clerical and stylistic changes were effected when the House recodified 
its rules in the 106th Congress, including a change to clause 2(a)(2) to 
clarify that the point of order lies against the offending provision in 
the text and not against consideration of the entire bill. At that time 
former clause 6 was transferred to clause 2(a)(2) and former clause 2(a) 
became clause 2(a)(1) (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  Paragraph (a)(1) (former paragraph (a)) retained the prohibition 
against unauthorized appropriations in general appropriation bills and 
amendments thereto except in continuation of works in progress.


[[Page 798]]

order on a general appropriation bill (IV, 3591, 3592; VII, 1156, 1158). 
This provision was amended in the 99th Congress by section 228(b) of the 
Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (P.L. 99-177) 
to permit the Committee on Appropriations to report transfers of 
unexpended balances within the department or agency for which originally 
appropriated.
  Paragraph (a)(2) (former clause 6), from section 139(c) of the 
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (2 U.S.C. 190f(c)), was made part 
of the standing rules in the 83d Congress (Jan. 3, 1953, p. 24). 
Previously, a reappropriation of an unexpended balance for an object 
authorized by law was in

  Paragraph (b) narrowed the ``Holman Rule'' exception from the 
prohibition against legislation to cover only retrenchments reducing 
amounts of money included in the bill as reported, and permitted 
legislative committees with proper jurisdiction to recommend such 
retrenchments to the Appropriations Committee for discretionary 
inclusion in the reported bill. The last exception in paragraph (b), 
permitting the inclusion of legislation rescinding appropriations in 
appropriation Acts, was added in the 99th Congress by the Balanced 
Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (sec. 228(a), P.L. 99-
177). The latter feature of the paragraph does not extend to a 
rescission of contract authority provided by a law other than an 
appropriation Act (Sept. 22, 1993, p. 22138; May 15, 1997, p. ----; July 
23, 1997, p. ----). In the 105th Congress paragraph (b) was amended to 
treat as legislation a provision reported in a general appropriation 
bill that makes funding contingent on whether circumstances not made 
determinative by existing law are ``known'' (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. 
----).

  Paragraph (c) retained the prohibition against amendments changing 
existing law but permitted limitation amendments during the reading of 
the bill by paragraph only if specifically authorized by existing law 
for the period of the limitation. In the 105th Congress paragraph (c) 
was amended to treat as legislation an amendment to a general 
appropriation bill that makes funding contingent on whether 
circumstances not made determinative by existing law are ``known'' (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). The exception for limitations is 
strictly construed to apply only where existing law requires or permits 
the inclusion of limiting language in an appropriation Act, and not 
merely where the limitation is alleged to be ``consistent with existing 
law'' (June 28, 1988, p. 16267). Although the Committee on 
Appropriations may include a limitation in its reported bill, if it is 
stricken with other legislative language on a point of order it may be 
reinserted during the reading only if in compliance with clause 2(c) or 
in accordance with clause 2(d) (June 18, 1991, p. 15199).


[[Page 799]]

bill for amendment has been completed (or dispensed with), including the 
last paragraph of the bill containing the citation to the short title 
(July 30, 1986, p. 18214), the Chair (under the former form of the rule, 
which made the preferential motion available to any Member) might first 
inquire whether any Member sought to offer an amendment (formerly, one 
not prohibited by clauses 2(a) or (c)) prior to recognizing Members to 
offer limitation or retrenchment amendments (June 2, 1983, p. 14317; 
Sept. 22, 1983, p. 25406; Oct. 27, 1983, p. 29630), including pro forma 
amendments (Aug. 2, 1989, p. 18126). Pursuant to clause 2(d), a motion 
that the Committee rise and report the bill to the House with such 
amendments as may have been adopted is not debatable (Apr. 23, 1987, p. 
9613) and takes precedence over any amendment (formerly only over a 
limitation or retrenchment amendment) (July 30, 1985, p. 21534; July 23, 
1986, p. 17431; Apr. 23, 1987, p. 9613), but only after completion of 
the reading and disposition of amendments not otherwise precluded (June 
30, 1992, p. 17135). Thus a motion that the Committee rise and report 
the bill to the House with the recommendation that it be recommitted, 
with instructions to report back to the House (forthwith or otherwise) 
with an amendment proposing a limitation, does not take precedence over 
the motion to rise and report the bill to the House with such amendments 
as may have been adopted (sustained on appeal, Sept. 19, 1983, p. 
24647). An amendment not only reducing an amount in a paragraph of an 
appropriation bill but also limiting expenditure of those funds on a 
particular project (i.e., a limitation not contained in existing law) 
was held not in order during the reading of that paragraph but only at 
the end of the bill under clause 2(d) (July 23, 1986, p. 17431; June 15, 
1988, p. 14719). Where language of limitation was stricken from a 
general appropriation bill on a point of order that it changed existing 
law, an amendment proposing to reinsert the limitation without its 
former legislative content was held not in order before completion of 
the reading for amendment (Sept. 23, 1993, p. 22214). A motion that the 
Committee of the Whole rise and report to the House with the 
recommendation that the enacting clause be stricken out takes precedence 
over the motion to amend under clause 9 of rule XVIII (former clause 7 
of rule XXIII) and thus over the motion to rise and report under clause 
2(d) (July 24, 1986, p. 17641).
  Paragraph (d) provided a new procedure for consideration of 
retrenchment and other limitation amendments only when the reading of a 
general appropriation bill has been completed and only if the Committee 
of the Whole does not adopt a motion to rise and report the bill back to 
the House (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1983, p. 34). In the 104th Congress 
paragraph (d) was amended to limit the availability of its preferential 
motion to rise and report to the Majority Leader or his designee (sec. 
215(a), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 468). In the 105th Congress it was 
further amended to make the motion preferential to any motion to amend 
at that stage (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). Where the reading of a 
general appropriation

  Paragraphs (e) and (f) were added in the 104th Congress (sec. 215, H. 
Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 468).


[[Page 800]]

Government agency and permitting a transfer of a portion of those funds 
to another agency (Oct. 25, 1979, p. 29627), nor a joint resolution 
transferring funds already appropriated from one specific agency to 
another (Mar. 26, 1980, p. 6716), nor a joint resolution transferring 
unobligated balances to the President to be available for specified 
purposes but containing no new budget authority (Mar. 3, 1988, p. 3239), 
are ``general appropriation bills'' within the purview of this clause.


Sec. 1044. Points of order on general 
appropriation bills.

  As the rule  applies only to general appropriation bills, 
which are not enumerated or defined in the rules (VII, 1116) bills 
appropriating only for one purpose have been held not to be ``general'' 
within the meaning of this rule (VII, 1122). Neither a resolution 
providing an appropriation for a single Government agency (Jan. 31, 
1962, p. 1352), nor a joint resolution only containing continuing 
appropriations for diverse agencies to provide funds until regular 
appropriation bills are enacted (Sept. 21, 1967, p. 26370), nor a joint 
resolution providing an appropriation for a single


  A point of order under this rule does not apply to a special order 
reported from the Committee on Rules ``self-executing'' the adoption in 
the House of an amendment changing existing law (July 27, 1993, p. 
17117). By unanimous consent the Committee of the Whole may vacate 
proceedings under specified points of order (June 7, 1991, p. 13973). A 
point of order may be withdrawn as a matter of right (in the Committee 
of the Whole as well as in the House) before action thereon (May 19, 
2000, p. ----).

  As all bills making or authorizing appropriations require 
consideration in Committee of the Whole, it follows that the enforcement 
of the rule must ordinarily occur during consideration in Committee of 
the Whole, where the Chair, in response to a point of order, may rule 
out any portion of the bill in conflict with the rule (IV, 3811; Sept. 
8, 1965, pp. 23140, 23182). Portions of the bill thus stricken are not 
reported back to the House. Prior to the adoption of clause 1 (former 
clause 8) in the 104th Congress (see Sec. 1035, supra), it was necessary 
that some Member reserve points of order when a general appropriation 
bill was referred to the calendar of the Committee of the Whole House on 
the state of the Union, in order that provisions in violation of the 
rule could be stricken in the Committee (V, 6921-6925; VIII, 3450; Feb. 
6, 1926, p. 3456). Where points of order had been reserved pending a 
unanimous-consent request that the committee be permitted to file its 
report when the House would not be in session, it was not necessary that 
they be reserved again when the report ultimately was presented as 
privileged when the House was in session, as the initial reservation 
carried over to the subsequent filing (Mar. 1, 1983, p. 3241). In an 
instance where points of order were not reserved against an 
appropriation bill when it was reported to the House and referred to the 
Committee of the Whole, points of order in the Committee of the Whole 
against a proposition in violation of this clause were overruled on the 
ground that the Chairman of the Committee of the Whole lacked authority 
to pass upon the question (Apr. 8, 1943, p. 3150, 3153).


[[Page 801]]

  The enforcement of the rule also occurs in the House in that a motion 
to recommit a general appropriation bill may not propose an amendment 
containing legislation (Sept. 1, 1976, p. 28883) or a limitation not 
considered in the Committee of the Whole (Speaker Foley, Aug. 1, 1989, 
p. 17159; Aug. 3, 1989, p. 18546); and such amendment is precluded 
whether the Committee of the Whole has risen and reported automatically 
pursuant to a special rule or, instead, by a motion at the end of the 
reading for amendment (June 22, 1995, p. 16844).

  Points of order against unauthorized appropriations or legislation on 
general appropriation bills may be made as to the whole or only a 
portion of a paragraph (IV, 3652; V, 6881). The fact that a point of 
order is made against a portion of a paragraph does not prevent another 
point of order against the whole paragraph (V, 6882; July 31, 1985, p. 
21895), nor does it prevent another Member from demanding that the 
original point of order be extended to the entire paragraph (July 16, 
1998, p. ----). If a portion of a proposed amendment is out of order, it 
is sufficient for the rejection of the whole amendment (V, 6878-6880); 
and if a point of order is sustained against any portion of a package of 
amendments considered en bloc, all the amendments are ruled out of order 
and must be reoffered separately, or those which are not subject to a 
point of order may be considered en bloc by unanimous consent (Sept. 16, 
1981, pp. 20735-38; June 21, 1984, p. 17687). Where a point of order is 
sustained against the whole of a paragraph the whole must go out, but it 
is otherwise when the point of order is made only against a portion (V, 
6884, 6885). General appropriation bills are read ``scientifically'' 
only by paragraph headings and appropriation amounts, and points of 
order against a paragraph must be made before an amendment is offered 
thereto or before the Clerk reads the next paragraph heading and amount 
(Deschler's Precedents, vol. 8, ch. 26, sec. 2.26). A point of order 
against a paragraph under this clause may be made only after that 
paragraph has been read by the Clerk, and not prior to its reading 
pending consideration of an amendment inserting language immediately 
prior thereto (June 6, 1985, pp. 14605, 14609). Where the reading of a 
paragraph of a general appropriation bill has been dispensed with by 
unanimous consent, the Chair inquires whether there are points of order 
against the paragraph before entertaining amendments or directing the 
Clerk to read further, but he does not make such an inquiry where the 
Clerk has actually read the paragraph (May 31, 1984, p. 14608). Where a 
portion of the bill is considered as having been read and open to 
amendment by unanimous consent, points of order against provisions in 
that portion must be made before amendments are offered, and may not be 
reserved (Dec. 1, 1982, p. 28175; May 19, 2000, p. ----). Where a 
chapter is considered as read by unanimous consent and open to amendment 
at any point, no amendments are offered and the Clerk begins to read the 
next chapter, it is too late to make a point of order against a 
paragraph in the preceding chapter (June 11, 1985, p. 15181). It is too 
late to rule out the entire paragraph after points of order against 
specific portions have been sustained and an amendment to the paragraph 
has been offered (June 27, 1974, pp. 21670-72).


[[Page 802]]

the bill (May 28, 1968, p. 15357; Nov. 30, 1982, p. 28062). Where a 
provision is susceptible to more than one interpretation, that burden 
may be met by a showing that only the requirements of existing law, and 
not any new requirements, are recited in the language (Sept. 23, 1993, 
p. 22206). The Chair may overrule a point of order that appropriations 
for a certain agency are unauthorized upon citation to an organic 
statute creating the agency, absent any showing that the organic law has 
been overtaken by a scheme of periodic reauthorization; the Chair may 
hear further argument and reverse his ruling, however, where existing 
law not previously called to the Chair's attention would require the 
ruling to be reversed (VIII, 3435; June 8, 1983, p. 14854, where a law 
amending the statute creating the Bureau of the Mint with the express 
purpose of requiring annual authorizations was subsequently called to 
the Chair's attention). Reported provisions in a general appropriation 
bill described in the accompanying report as directly or indirectly 
changing the application of existing law are presumably legislation, 
absent rebuttal by the committee (May 31, 1984, p. 14591). The burden of 
proof to show that an appropriation contained in an amendment is 
authorized by law is on the proponent of the amendment (May 11, 1971, p. 
14471; Oct. 29, 1991, p. 28791; July 26, 1995, p. 20567; July 27, 1995, 
pp. 20808, 20811; July 31, 1995, p. 21207; May 15, 1997, p. ----) and 
the burden is on the proponent of an amendment to a general 
appropriation bill to prove that language offered under the guise of a 
limitation does not change existing law (July 17, 1975, p. 23239; June 
16, 1976, p. 18666; July 18, 1995, p. 19357) including the burden to 
prove that the duties imposed are merely ministerial or already required 
under existing law (July 26, 1998, p. ----). If the amendment is 
susceptible to more than one interpretation, it is incumbent upon the 
proponent to show that it is not in violation of the rule (Procedure, 
ch. 25, sec. 6.3; July 28, 1980, p. 19924). The mere recitation in an 
amendment that a determination is to be made pursuant to existing laws 
and regulations, absent a citation to the law imposing such 
responsibility, is not sufficient proof by the proponent of an amendment 
to overcome a point of order that the amendment constitutes legislation 
(Sept. 16, 1980, p. 25606). The authorization must be enacted before the 
appropriation may be included in an appropriation bill; thus delaying 
the availability of an appropriation pending enactment of an 
authorization does not protect the item of appropriation against a point 
of order under this clause (Apr. 26, 1972, p. 14455).
  In the administration of the rule, it is the practice that those 
upholding an item of appropriation should have the burden of showing the 
law authorizing it (IV, 3597; VII, 1179, 1233, 1276; June 23, 2000, p. 
----). Thus the burden of proving the authorization for appropriations 
carried in a bill, or that the language in the bill constitutes a valid 
limitation which does not change existing law, falls on the proponents 
and managers of


[[Page 803]]

a point of order under clause 2(c) of rule XXI that an amendment to an 
appropriation bill constitutes legislation (July 24, 1996, p. 18898).
  The inclusion of funds in a general appropriation bill in the form of 
a ``not to exceed'' limitation does not obviate a point of order that 
the funds are not authorized by law (June 21, 1988, p. 15440). The fact 
that legislative jurisdiction over the subject matter of an amendment 
may rest with the Committee on Appropriations does not immunize the 
amendment from the application of clause 2(c) of rule XXI (July 17, 
1996, p. 17550; July 24, 1996, p. 18898). The ``works in progress 
exception'' under clause 2(a) of rule XXI is a defense to a point of 
order against an unauthorized appropriation reported in a general 
appropriation bill and is not a defense to

  For a discussion of perfecting amendments to unauthorized 
appropriations or legislation permitted to remain in a general 
appropriation bill by failure to raise or by waiver of a point of order, 
see Sec. 1057, infra. 


[[Page 804]]

appropriation bill (IV, 3649). It has once been held that this law would 
also authorize appropriations for the instrumentalities of such 
investigations (IV, 3615); but these would not include the organization 
of a bureau to conduct the work (IV, 3651). The law does not authorize 
general investigations by the department (IV, 3652), or cooperation with 
State investigations (IV, 3650; VII, 1301, 1302), or the investigation 
of foods in relation to commerce (IV, 3647, 3648; VII, 1298), or the 
compiling of tests at an exposition (IV, 3653). A paragraph of a general 
appropriation bill both establishing and funding a commission was ruled 
out as constituting legislation and carrying unauthorized appropriations 
(June 29, 1988, p. 16470). A paragraph appropriating funds for matching 
grants to States was held unauthorized where the authorizing law did not 
require State matching funds (June 28, 1993, p. 14418). A paragraph 
funding a project from the Highway Trust Fund was held unauthorized 
where such funding was authorized only from the general fund (Sept. 23, 
1993, p. 22175). A paragraph providing funds for the President to meet 
``unanticipated needs'' was held unauthorized (July 16, 1998, p. ----).


Sec. 1045. Authorization of law for 
appropriations.

  A treaty  may provide the authorization by existing law required 
in the rule to justify appropriations if it has been ratified by the 
contracting parties (IV, 3587); however, where existing law authorizes 
appropriations for the U.S. share of facilities to be recommended in an 
agreement with another country containing specified elements, an 
agreement in principle with that country predating the authorization law 
and lacking the required elements is insufficient authorization (June 
28, 1993, p. 14421). An Executive Order does not constitute sufficient 
authorization in law absent proof of its derivation from a statute 
enacted by Congress authorizing the order and expenditure of funds (June 
15, 1973, p. 19855; June 25, 1974, p. 21036). Thus a Reorganization Plan 
submitted by the President pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 906 has the status of 
statutory law when it becomes effective and is sufficient authorization 
to support an appropriation for an office created by Executive Order 
issued pursuant to the Reorganization Plan (June 21, 1974, p. 20595). A 
resolution of the House has been held sufficient authorization for an 
appropriation for the salary of an employee of the House (IV, 3656-3658) 
even though the resolution may have been agreed to only by a preceding 
House (IV, 3660). Previous enactment of items of appropriation 
unauthorized by law does not justify similar appropriations in 
subsequent bills (VII, 1145, 1150, 1151) unless if through 
appropriations previously made, a function of the Government has been 
established which would bring it into the category of continuation of 
works in progress (VII, 1280), or unless legislation in a previous 
appropriation act has become permanent law (May 20, 1964, p. 11422). The 
omission to appropriate during a series of years for an object 
authorized by law does not repeal the law, and consequently an 
appropriation when proposed is not subject to the point of order (IV, 
3595). The law authorizing each head of a department to employ such 
numbers of clerks, messengers, copyists, watchmen, laborers, and other 
employees as may be appropriated for by Congress from year to year is 
held to authorize appropriations for those positions not otherwise 
authorized by law (IV, 3669, 3675, 4739); but this law does not apply to 
offices not within departments or not at the seat of Government (IV, 
3670-3674). A permanent law authorizing the President to appoint certain 
staff, together with legislative provisions authorizing additional 
employment contained in an appropriation bill enacted for that fiscal 
year, constituted sufficient authorization for a lump sum supplemental 
appropriation for the White House for the same fiscal year (Nov. 30, 
1973, p. 38854). By a general provision of law appropriations for 
investigations and the acquisition and diffusion of information by the 
Agriculture Department on subjects related to agriculture are generally 
in order in the agricultural


  The failure of Congress to enact into law separate legislation 
specifically modifying eligibility requirements for grant programs under 
existing law does not necessarily render appropriations for those 
programs subject to a point of order, where more general existing law 
authorizes appropriations for all of the programs proposed to be 
modified by new legislation pending before Congress (June 8, 1978, p. 
16778). However, whether organic statutes or general grants of authority 
in law constitute sufficient authorization to support appropriations 
depends on whether the general laws applicable to the function or 
department in question require specific or annual authorizations (June 
14, 1978, pp. 17616, 17622, 17626, 17630) or on whether a periodic 
authorization scheme has subsequently occupied the field (Sept. 9, 1997, 
p. ----). An authorization of ``such sums as may be necessary'' is 
sufficient to support any dollar amount, but has no tendency to relieve 
other conditions of the authorization law (June 28, 1993, p. 1442). 
Where existing law authorizes certain appropriations from a particular 
trust fund without fiscal year limitation, language that such an 
appropriation remain available until expended does not constitute 
legislation (July 15, 1993, p. 15848). An amendment to a general 
appropriation bill providing that ``not less than'' a certain amount be 
made available to a program requires an authorization (July 12, 2000, p. 
----; July 13, 2000, p. ----).

  Pursuant to clause 11(i) of rule X (former clause 9 of rule XLVIII), 
no funds may be appropriated to certain agencies carrying out 
intelligence and intelligence-related activities, unless such funds have 
been authorized by law for the fiscal year in question.


[[Page 805]]

even though ascertained and transmitted by an executive officer (IV, 
3625-3640), and findings filed under the Bowman Act do not constitute 
authorization (IV, 3643).


Sec. 1046. Authorization for claims and 
salaries.

  Judgments of  courts certified to Congress in accordance with law or 
authorized by treaty (IV, 3634, 3635, 3644) and audited under authority 
of law have been held to be authorization for appropriations for the 
payment of claims (IV, 3634, 3635). However, unadjudicated claims (IV, 
3628),


  An appropriation for an object not otherwise authorized does not 
constitute authorization to justify a continuance of the appropriation 
another year (IV, 3588, 3589; VII, 1128, 1145, 1149, 1191), and the mere 
appropriation for a salary does not create an office so as to justify 
appropriations in succeeding years (IV, 3590, 3672, 3697), it being a 
general rule that propositions to appropriate for salaries not 
established by law or to increase salaries fixed by law are out of order 
(IV, 3664-3667, 3676-3679). An exception to these general principles is 
found in the established practice that in the absence of a general law 
fixing a salary the amount appropriated in the last appropriation bill 
has been held to be the legal salary (IV, 3687-3696). A law having 
established an office and fixed a salary, it is not in order to provide 
for an unauthorized office and salary in lieu of it (IV, 3680).



Sec. 1047. Authorizations for public works.

  An  appropriation 
for a public work in excess of a fixed limit of cost (IV, 3583, 3584; 
VII, 1133), or for extending a service beyond the limits assigned by an 
executive officer exercising a lawful discretion (IV, 3598), or by 
actual law (IV, 3582, 3585), or for purposes prohibited by law are out 
of order (IV, 3580, 3581, 3702), as is an appropriation from the Highway 
Trust Fund where the project is specifically authorized from the general 
fund (Sept. 23, 1993, p. 22175). However, the mere appropriation of a 
sum to complete a work does not fix a limit of cost such as would 
exclude future appropriations (IV, 3761). A declaration of policy in an 
act followed by specific provisions conferring authority upon a 
governmental agency to perform certain functions is not construed to 
authorize appropriations for purposes germane to the policy but not 
specifically authorized by the act (VII, 1200). A point of order will 
not lie against an amendment proposing to increase a lump sum for public 
works projects where language in the bill limits use of the lump sum 
appropriation to projects as authorized by law (Procedure, ch. 25, sec. 
5.5), but where language in the bill limits use of the lump sum both to 
projects ``authorized by law'' and ``subject, where appropriate, to 
enactment of authorizing legislation,'' that paragraph constitutes an 
appropriation in part for some unauthorized projects and is not in order 
(June 6, 1985, p. 14617).



[[Page 806]]

voked to fund a project governed by a lapsed authorization and may not 
be invoked to fund a project that is not yet under construction (July 
31, 1995, p. 21207). Where existing law (40 U.S.C. 606) specifically 
prohibits the making of an appropriation to construct or alter any 
public building involving more than $500,000 unless approved by the 
House and Senate Public Works Committees, an appropriation for such 
purposes not authorized by both committees is out of order 
notwithstanding the ``works in progress'' exemption, since the law 
specifically precludes the appropriation from being made (June 8, 1983, 
p. 14855). An appropriation from the Highway Trust Fund for an ongoing 
project was held not in order under the ``works in progress'' exception 
where the Internal Revenue Code ``occupied the field'' with a 
comprehensive authorization scheme not embracing the specified project 
(Sept. 22, 1993, p. 22140; Sept. 23, 1993, p. 22173). Interruption of a 
work does not necessarily remove it from the privileges of the rule (IV, 
3705-3708); but the continuation of the work must not be so conditioned 
in relation to place as to become a new work (IV, 3704). It has been 
held that a work has not been begun within the meaning of the rule when 
an appropriation has been made for a site for a public building (IV, 
3785), or when a commission has been created to select a site or when a 
site has actually been selected for a work (IV, 3762-3763), or when a 
survey has been made (IV, 3782-3784). By ``public works and objects 
already in progress'' are meant tangible matters like buildings, roads, 
etc., and not duties of officials in executive departments (IV, 3709-
3713), or the continuance of a work indefinite as to completion and 
intangible in nature like the gauging of streams (IV, 3714, 3715). A 
general system of roads on which some work has been done, or an 
extension of an existing road (Sept. 22, 1993, p. 22140), may not be 
admitted as a work in progress (VII, 1333). Concerning reappropriation 
for continuation of public works in progress, see Sec. 1031, supra.


Sec. 1048. Continuation of a public work by 
appropriations.

  The provision  excepting public works and objects that are already in 
progress from the requirement that appropriations be authorized by 
existing law (IV, 3578) has historically been applied only in cases of 
general revenue funding (Sept. 22, 1993, p. 22140; Sept. 23, 1993, p. 
22173). An appropriation in violation of existing law or to extend a 
service beyond a fixed limit is not in order as the continuance of a 
public work (IV, 3585, 3702-3724; VII, 1332; Sept. 23, 1993, pp. 22173; 
Deschler's Precedents, vol. 8, ch. 26, sec. 8.9). The ``works in 
progress'' exception may not be in



[[Page 807]]

admitted as in continuation of a work (IV, 3777, 3778), although it is 
not in order as such to provide for a new building in place of one 
destroyed (IV, 3606). It is not in order to repair paving adjacent to a 
public building but in a city street, although it may have been laid 
originally by the Government (IV, 3779). The purchase of adjoining land 
for a work already established has been admitted under this principle 
(IV, 3766-3773) and also additions to existing buildings in cases where 
no limits of cost have been shown (IV, 3774, 3775). However, the 
purchase of a separate and detached lot of land is not admitted (IV, 
3776). The continuation of construction at the Kennedy Library, a 
project owned by the United States and funded by a prior year's 
appropriation, has been admitted notwithstanding the absence of any 
current authorization (June 14, 1988, p. 14335). A provision of law 
authorizing Commissioners of the District of Columbia to take over and 
operate the fish wharves of the city of Washington was held insufficient 
authority to admit an appropriation for reconstructing the fish wharf 
(VII, 1187).


Sec. 1049. Examples illustrating the continuation of 
a public work.

  Thus the  continuation of the following works has been admitted: 
A topographical survey (IV, 3796, 3797; VII, 1382), a geological map 
(IV, 3795), marking of a boundary line (IV, 3717), marking graves of 
soldiers (IV, 3788), a list of claims (IV, 3717), and recoinage of coins 
in the Treasury (IV, 3807); but the following works have not been 
admitted: Investigation of materials, like coal (IV, 3721), scientific 
investigations (IV, 3719; VII, 1345), duties of a commission (IV, 3720; 
VII, 1344), extension of foreign markets for goods (IV, 3722), printing 
of a series of opinions indefinite in continuance (IV, 3718), free 
evening lectures in the District of Columbia (IV, 3789), certain ongoing 
projects from the Highway Trust Fund (Sept. 22, 1993, pp. 22140; Sept. 
23, 1993, pp. 22173), extension of an existing road (Sept. 22, 1993, p. 
22140), continuation of an extra compensation for ordinary facility for 
carrying the mails (IV, 3808), although the continuation of certain 
special mail facilities has been admitted (IV, 3804-3806). However, 
appropriations for rent and repairs of buildings or Government roads 
(IV, 3793, 3798) and bridges (IV, 3803) have been




Sec. 1050. New buildings at existing 
institutions as in continuance of a public work.

  Appropriations for  new buildings at 
Government institutions have sometimes been admitted (IV, 3741-3750) 
when intended for the purposes of the institution (IV, 3747); but later 
decisions, in view of the indefinite extent of the practice made 
possible by the early decisions, have ruled out propositions to 
appropriate for new buildings in navy yards (IV, 3755-3759) and other 
establishments (IV, 3751-3754). Appropriations for new schoolhouses in 
the District of Columbia (IV, 3750; VII, 1358), for new Army hospitals 
(IV, 3740), for new lighthouses (IV, 3728), armor-plate factories (IV, 
3737-3739), and for additional playgrounds for children in the District 
of Columbia (IV, 3792) have also been held not to be in continuation of 
a public work.



[[Page 808]]



Sec. 1051. New vessel for naval and other services 
as in continuation of a public work.

  By a former  broad construction of the rule an 
appropriation of a new and not otherwise authorized vessel of the Navy 
had been held to be a continuance of a public work (IV, 3723, 3724); but 
this line of decisions has been overruled (VII, 1351; Jan. 22, 1926, p. 
2621). While appropriations for new construction and procurement of 
aircraft and equipment for the Navy are not in order, appropriations for 
continuing experiments and development work on all types of aircraft are 
in order (Jan. 22, 1926, p. 2623). This former interpretation was 
confined to naval vessels, and did not apply to vessels in other 
services, like the Coast and Geodetic Survey or Lighthouse Service (IV, 
3725, 3726), or to floating or stationary drydocks (IV, 3729-3736). The 
construction of a submarine cable in extension of one already laid was 
held not to be the continuation of a public work (IV, 3716), but an 
appropriation for the Washington-Alaska military cable has been held in 
order (VII, 1348).




Sec. 1052. Legislation generally.

  A  provision changing 
existing law is construed to mean the enactment of law where none exists 
(IV, 3812, 3813). For example, the following provisions have been held 
out of order: (1) permitting funds to remain available until expended or 
beyond the fiscal year covered by the bill where existing law does not 
permit such availability (Aug. 1, 1973, p. 27288); (2) permitting funds 
to be available immediately upon enactment prior to the fiscal year 
covered by the bill (July 29, 1986, p. 17981; June 28, 1988, p. 16255); 
or (3) permitting funds to be available to the extent provided in 
advance in appropriation Acts but not explicitly beyond the fiscal year 
in question (July 21, 1981, p. 16687).


  Although clause 2(b) permits the Committee on Appropriations to report 
rescissions of appropriations, an amendment proposing a rescission 
constitutes legislation under clause 2(c) (May 26, 1993, p. 11319), as 
does a provision proposing a rescission of contract authority (July 29, 
1998, p. ----). A proposal to amend existing law to provide for 
automatic continuation of appropriations in the absence of timely 
enactment of a regular appropriation bill constitutes legislation in 
contravention of clause 2(c) (July 17, 1996, p. 17550; July 24, 1996, p. 
18898). A proposal to designate an appropriation as ``emergency 
spending'' within the meaning of the budget-enforcement laws is 
fundamentally legislative in character (Sept. 8, 1999, pp. ----; June 
19, 2000, p. ---- (sustained on appeal)). Similarly, a provision 
containing an averment necessary to qualify for certain scorekeeping 
under the Budget Act was conceded to be legislation (July 20, 1989, p. 
15374), even though the Budget Act contemplates that expenditures may be 
mandated to occur before or following a fiscal period if the law making 
those expenditures specifies that the timing is the result of a 
``significant'' policy change (July 20, 1989, p. 15374).

  Although the object to be appropriated for may be described without 
violating the rule (IV, 3864), an amendment proposing an appropriation 
under a heading that indicates an unauthorized purpose as its object has 
been ruled out (Oct. 29, 1991, p. 28814). For example, an amendment 
proposing to make certain funds available for a specified report not 
contemplated by existing law was held to constitute legislation in 
violation of clause 2(c) (June 13, 2000, p. ----). The fact that a 
legislative item has been carried in appropriation bills for many years 
does not exempt it from a point of order (VII, 1445, 1656). The 
reenactment from year to year of a law intended to apply during the year 
of its enactment only is not relieved, however, from the point that it 
is legislation (IV, 3822). Limits of cost for public works may not be 
made or changed (IV, 3761, 3865-3867; VII, 1446), or contracts 
authorized (IV, 3868-3870; May 14, 1937, p. 4595).


[[Page 809]]

(June 14, 1978, p. 17651), and may inquire after its author's intent 
when attempting to construe an ambiguous amendment (Oct. 29, 1991, p. 
28818).
  The Chair may examine legislative history established during debate on 
an amendment against which a point of order has been reserved to resolve 
any ambiguity therein when ruling on the eventual point of order



Sec. 1053. Limitations on appropriations 
generally.

  Although the  rule forbids a provision ``changing existing law,'' the 
House, by practice, has established the principle that certain 
``limitations'' may be admitted. Just as the House may decline to 
appropriate for a purpose authorized by law, so may it by limitation 
prohibit the use of the money for part of the purpose while 
appropriating for the remainder of it (IV, 3936; VII, 1595). The 
language of the limitation provides that some or all of the 
appropriation under consideration may not be used for a certain 
designated purpose (IV, 3917-3926; VII, 1580). This designated purpose 
may reach the question of qualifications, for while it is not in order 
to legislate as to the qualifications of the recipients of an 
appropriation (Deschler's Precedents, vol. 8, ch. 26, secs. 53, 57.15), 
the House may specify that no part of the appropriation may go to 
recipients lacking certain qualifications (IV, 3942-3952; VII, 1655; 
June 4, 1970, p. 18412; June 27, 1974, p. 21662; Oct. 9, 1974, p. 34712; 
June 9, 1978, p. 16990).


  A limitation amendment prohibiting the use of funds for the 
construction of certain facilities unless such construction were subject 
to a project agreement was held not in order during the reading of the 
bill, even though existing law directed Federal officials to enter into 
such project agreements, on the ground that limitation amendments are in 
order during the reading only where existing law requires or permits the 
inclusion of limiting language in an appropriation Act, and not merely 
where the limitation is alleged to be ``consistent with existing law'' 
(June 28, 1988, p. 16267).

  A limitation may place some minimal, incidential duties on Federal 
officials, who must determine the effect of such a limitation on 
appropriated funds. However, a provision may not impose additional 
duties not required by law, either explicitly or implicitly, or make the 
appropriation contingent upon the performance of such duties (VII, 1676; 
June 11, 1968, p. 16712; July 31, 1969, pp. 21631-33; May 28, 1968, p. 
15350; July 26, 1985, p. 20807; see Sec. 1054, infra). The fact that a 
limitation may indirectly interfere with an executive official's 
discretionary authority by denying the use of funds (June 24, 1976, p. 
20408) or may impose certain incidental burdens on executive officials 
(Aug. 25, 1976, p. 27737) does not destroy the character of the 
limitation as long as it does not otherwise amend existing law and is 
descriptive of functions and findings already required to be undertaken 
by existing law.


[[Page 810]]

the state of existing law ``for the period of the limitation,'' such 
that the presence of the same limitation in the annual bill for the 
previous fiscal year does not justify its inclusion in the pending 
annual bill (Sept. 22, 1983, p. 25406, June 26, 2000, p. ----).
  The limitation must apply solely to the money of the appropriation 
under consideration (VII, 1597, 1600, 1720; Feb. 26, 1958, p. 2895), and 
may not be made applicable to money appropriated in other Acts (IV, 
3927, 3928; VII, 1495, 1525; June 28, 1971, p. 22442; June 27, 1974, pp. 
21670-72; May 13, 1981, p. 9663), and may not require funds available to 
an agency in any future fiscal year for a certain purpose to be subject 
to limitations specified in advance in appropriations Acts (May 8, 1986, 
p. 10156). The tendency of a limitation to change existing law is 
measured against

  A restriction on authority to incur obligations is legislative in 
nature and not a limitation on funds (July 13, 1987, p. 19507; Sept. 23, 
1993, p. 22204). For example, a limitation on the authority of the 
Commodity Credit Corporation to purchase sugar is legislative in nature 
and not a limitation on funds (June 29, 2000, p. ----).

  In construing a proposed limitation, the Chair may examine whether the 
purpose of the limitation is legislative. For example, a limitation 
accompanied by language stating a legislative motive or purpose is not 
in order (Aug. 8, 1978, p. 24969; July 22, 1980, p. 19087; Sept. 16, 
1980, p. 25604; Sept. 22, 1981, p. 21577). Similarly, where existing law 
and the Constitution require a census to be taken of all persons, an 
amendment that seeks to preclude the use of funds to exclude another 
class ``known'' to the Secretary is not in order (Aug. 1, 1989, p. 
17156). However, language may, by negatively refusing to include funds 
for all or part of an authorized executive function, thereby affect 
policy and restrict executive discretion to the extent of its denial of 
availability of funds (IV, 3968-3972; VII, 1583, 1653, 1694; Sept. 14, 
1972, p. 30749; June 21, 1974, p. 20601; Oct. 9, 1974, p. 34716). For 
example, an appropriation may be withheld from a designated object by a 
negative limitation on the use of funds, notwithstanding that contracts 
may be left unsatisfied thereby (IV, 3987; July 10, 1975, p. 22005).

  Coupling a denial of an appropriation with a negative restriction on 
official duties constitutes by use of a double negative an affirmative 
direction and is not in order (VII, 1690-1692). Similarly, using a 
double negative to limit the availability of funds to prohibit the 
obligation of funds for an unauthorized project (effectively authorizing 
an unauthorized project) is not in order (Sept. 23, 1993, p. 22209).

  It is not in order, even by language in the form of a limitation, to 
restrict not the use or amount of appropriated funds but the 
discretionary authority conferred by law to administer their 
expenditure, such as by limiting the percentage of funds that may be 
apportioned for expenditure within a certain period of time (Deschler's 
Precedents, vol. 8, ch. 26, sec. 51.23), or by precluding the obligation 
of certain funds until funds provided by another Act have been obligated 
(Deschler's Precedents, vol. 8, ch. 26, sec. 48.8). The burden is on the 
proponent to show that such a proposal does not change existing law by 
restricting the timing of the expenditure of funds rather than their 
availability for specified objects (Deschler's Precedents, vol. 8, ch. 
26, secs. 64.23 and 80.5).


[[Page 811]]

funds that would have to be accounted for separately in carrying out the 
limitation (Aug. 20, 1980, p. 22171).
  As long as a limitation merely restricts the expenditure of Federal 
funds carried in the bill without changing existing law, the limitation 
is in order, even if the Federal funds in question are commingled with 
non-Federal

  The fact that existing law authorizes funds to be available until 
expended or without regard to fiscal year limitation does not prevent 
the Committee on Appropriations from limiting their availability to the 
fiscal year covered by the bill unless existing law mandates 
availability beyond the fiscal year (June 25, 1974, p. 21040; see also 
Procedure, ch. 25, secs. 9-17). The fact that a provision would 
constitute legislation for only a year does not make it a limitation in 
order under the rule (IV, 3936).

  A proposition to construe a law may not be admitted (IV, 3936-3938, 
see Sec. 1055, infra). Care also should be taken that the language of 
limitation be not such as, when fairly construed, would change existing 
law (IV, 3976-3983) or justify an executive officer in assuming an 
intent to change existing law (IV, 3984; VII, 1706).

  Although the Committee on Appropriations may include in a general 
appropriation bill language not in existing law limiting the use of 
funds in the bill, if such language also constitutes an appropriation it 
must be authorized by law (June 21, 1988, p. 15439). An amendment 
placing a limitation on funds for activities unrelated to the functions 
of departments and agencies addressed by the bill is not germane under 
clause 7 of rule XVI (July 10, 2000, p. ----).



Sec. 1054. New duties or determinations; 
executive discretion.

  Propositions to  establish affirmative directions for executive 
officers (IV, 3854-3859; VII, 1443; July 31, 1969, p. 21675; June 18, 
1979, p. 15286; July 1, 1987, pp. 18654 and 18655; June 27, 1994, p. 
14572), even in cases where they may have discretion under the law so to 
do (IV, 3853; June 4, 1970, p. 18401; Aug. 8, 1978, p. 24959), or to 
affirmatively take away an authority or discretion conferred by law (IV, 
3862, 3863; VII, 1975; Mar. 30, 1955, p. 4065; June 21, 1974, p. 20600; 
July 31, 1985, p. 21909), are subject to a point of order.


  Where language implicitly places new duties on officers of the 
Government or implicitly requires them to make investigations, compile 
evidence, or make judgments and determinations not otherwise required of 
them by law, such as to judge intent or motives, then it assumes the 
character of legislation and is subject to a point of order (July 31, 
1969, pp. 21653, 21675, where the words ``in order to overcome racial 
imbalance'' were held to impose additional duties, and Nov. 30, 1982, p. 
28062, where the words ``to interfere with'' the rulemaking authority of 
any regulatory agency were held to implicitly require the Office of 
Management and Budget to make determinations not discernibly required by 
law in evaluating and executing its responsibilities).


[[Page 812]]

an action does not permit inclusion of language directing the official 
being consulted to make determinations not specifically required by law 
(July 22, 1980, p. 19087).
  An amendment authorizing the President to reduce each appropriation in 
the bill by not more than 10 percent was ruled out as legislation 
conferring new authority on the President (May 31, 1984, p. 14617; June 
6, 1984, p. 15120). The fact that an executive official may have been 
directed by an Executive Order to consult another executive official 
prior to taking


[[Page 813]]

to tally violations of law by contractors where existing law required 
information on violations but not on the number thereof (June 7, 2000, 
p. ----); (23) require an investigation of the conscription requirements 
of other nations (July 13, 2000, p. ----); (24) require a determination 
of whether ``efforts'' have been made to change any nation's laws 
regarding abortion, family planning, or population control (July 13, 
2000, p. ----).
  A limitation may not: (1) be applied directly to the official 
functions of executive officers (IV, 3957-3966; VII, 1673, 1678, 1685), 
(2) directly interfere with discretionary authority in law by 
establishing a level of funding below which expenditures may not be made 
(VII, 1704; July 20, 1978, p. 21856), (3) condition the availability of 
funds or the exercise of contract authority upon an interpretation of 
local law where that interpretation is not required by existing law 
(July 17, 1981, p. 16327); (4) require new determinations of full 
Federal compliance with mandates imposed upon States (July 22, 1981, p. 
16829); (5) require the evaluation of the theoretical basis of a program 
(July 22, 1981, p. 16822); (6) require new determinations of propriety 
or effectiveness (Oct. 6, 1981, p. 23361; May 25, 1988, p. 12275), or 
satisfactory quality (Aug. 1, 1986, p. 18647); (7) incorporate by 
reference determinations already made in administrative processes not 
affecting programs funded by the bill (Oct. 6, 1981, p. 23361); (8) 
require new determinations of rates of interest payable (July 29, 1982, 
p. 18624; Dec. 9, 1982, p. 29691); (9) apply standards of conduct to 
foreign entities where existing law requires such conduct only by 
domestic entities (July 17, 1986, p. 16951); (10) require the 
enforcement of a standard where existing law only requires inspection of 
an area (July 30, 1986, p. 18189); (11) prohibit the availability of 
funds for the purchase of ``nondomestic'' goods and services (Sept. 12, 
1986, p. 23178); (12) mandate contractual provisions (May 18, 1988, p. 
11389); and (13) authorize the adjustment of wages of Government 
employees (June 21, 1988, p. 15451; Apr. 26, 1989, p. 7525) or permit an 
increase in Members' office allowances only ``if requested in writing'' 
(Oct. 21, 1990, p. 31708); (14) convert an existing legal prerequisite 
for the issuance of a regulatory permit into a prerequisite for even the 
preliminary processing of such a permit (July 22, 1992, p. 18825); (15) 
mandate reductions in various appropriations by a variable percentage 
calculated in relation to ``overhead'' (Deschler's Precedents, vol. 8, 
ch. 26, sec. 5.6; June 24, 1992, p. 16110); (16) require an agency to 
investigate and determine whether private airports are collecting 
certain fees for each enplaning passenger (Sept. 23, 1993, p. 22213); 
(17) require an agency to investigate and determine whether a person or 
entity entering into a contract with funds under the pending bill is 
subject to a legal proceeding commenced by the Federal Government and 
alleging fraud (Sept. 17, 1997, p. ----); (18) require an agency to 
determine whether building services are ``usually'' provided through the 
Federal Building Fund to an agency not paying a level of assessment 
specified elsewhere (and not necessarily applicable) (July 16, 1998, p. 
----); (19) require a determination of ``successor agency'' status 
(Sept. 26, 1997, p. ----); (20) require a determination of whether a 
delegate or envoy to the United Nations has ``advocated'' the adoption 
of a certain convention (June 26, 2000, p. ----); (21) require tests or 
reports not required under existing law (May 19, 2000, p. ----); (22) 
impose a new duty


[[Page 814]]

  On the other hand, the following limitations have been held in order 
as not placing new duties on Federal officials: (1) denying the use of 
funds to pay the salaries of Federal officials who perform certain 
functions under existing law if the description of those duties 
precisely follows existing law and does not require them to perform new 
duties (June 24, 1976, p. 20373); (2) denying the use of funds to a 
Federal official not in compliance with an existing law that he is 
charged with enforcing (Sept. 10, 1981, p. 20110); (3) reducing the 
availability of funds for trade adjustment assistance by amounts of 
unemployment insurance entitlements where the law establishing trade 
adjustment assistance already required the disbursing agency to take 
into consideration levels of unemployment insurance in determining 
payment levels (June 18, 1980, p. 15355); (4) denying use of funds to 
carry out (or pay the salaries of persons who carry out) tobacco crop 
and insurance programs (July 20, 1995, p. 19798); (5) denying the use of 
funds for any transit project exceeding a specified cost-effectiveness 
index where the Chair was persuaded that the limitation applied to 
projects for which indexes were already required by law (Sept. 23, 1993, 
p. 22206); (6) denying the use of funds to enforce FAA regulations to 
require domestic air carriers to surrender more than a specified number 
of ``slots'' at a given airport in preference of international air 
carriers where the Chair was persuaded that existing regulations already 
required the FAA to determine the origin of withdrawn slots (Sept. 23, 
1993, p. 22212); (7) denying the use of funds for troops ``except in 
time of war'' (Deschler's Precedents, vol. 8, ch. 26, sec. 70.1) or 
``except in time of emergency'' (VII, 1657, which was the basis for the 
preceding ruling); (8) denying the use of funds to implement any 
sanction imposed by the United States on private commercial sales of 
agricultural commodities, medicine, or medical supplies to Cuba except 
for a sanction imposed pursuant to agreement with one or more other 
countries (July 20, 2000, p. ----); (9) denying the use of funds by the 
Forest Service to construct roads or prepare timber sales in certain 
roadless areas where the executive was already charged by law with 
ongoing responsibility to maintain a comprehensive and detailed 
inventory of all land and renewable resources of the National Forest 
System (July 18, 1995, p. 19357); (10) denying use of funds to eliminate 
an existing legal requirement for sureties on custom bonds (June 27, 
1984, p. 19101); (11) denying use of funds by any Federal official in 
any manner that would prevent a provision of existing law from being 
enforced (relating to import restrictions) (June 27, 1984, p. 19101); 
and (12) denying use of funds for any reduction in the number of Customs 
Service regions or for any consolidation of Customs Service offices 
(June 27, 1984, p. 19102).

  A paragraph prohibiting the use of funds to perform abortions except 
where the mother's life would be endangered if the fetus were carried to 
term (or where the pregnancy was a result of rape or incest) is 
legislation, since requiring Federal officials to make new 
determinations and judgments not required of them by law, regardless of 
whether private or State officials administering the funds in question 
routinely make such determinations (June 17, 1977, p. 1969; June 30, 
1993, p. 14871; July 16, 1998, p. ----). The fact that such a provision 
relating to abortion funding may have been included in appropriation 
Acts in prior years applicable to funds in those laws does not permit 
the inclusion of similar language requiring such determinations, not 
required by law, with respect to funds for the fiscal year in question 
(Sept. 22, 1983, p. 25406); and where the provision, applicable to 
Federal funds, was permitted to remain in a bill (no point of order 
having been made), an amendment striking the word ``Federal,'' and 
thereby broadening the provision to include District of Columbia funds 
as well, was ruled out (Nov. 15, 1989, p. 29004). However, to such a 
provision permitted to remain in a general appropriation bill, an 
amendment ``merely perfecting'' the exemption to address cases where the 
health of the mother would be endangered if the fetus were carried to 
term was held not to constitute further legislation by requiring a 
different or more onerous determinations (June 27, 1984, p. 19113). An 
amendment providing that no Federal funds provided in the District of 
Columbia general appropriation bill be used to perform abortions is not 
legislation, since Federal officials have the responsibility to account 
for all appropriations for the annual Federal payment and for 
disbursement of all taxes collected by the District of Columbia, 
pursuant to the D.C. Code (July 17, 1979, p. 19066).

  An exception to a limitation on funds for the Office of Personnel 
Management to enter contracts for health benefit plans that required 
determinations of ``equivalence'' of benefits was held to impose new 
duties (July 16, 1998, p. ----). However, an exception to a similar 
limitation that merely excepted certain specified coverage and plans was 
held not to impose new duties (July 16, 1998, p. ----). Similarly, a 
limitation denying the use of funds in an appropriation bill for the 
General Services Administration to dispose of Federally owned 
``agricultural'' land declared surplus was held to impose new duties 
since the determination whether surplus lands are ``agricultural'' was 
not required by law (Aug. 20, 1980, pp. 22156-58). However, a limitation 
denying the use of funds for any transit project exceeding a specified 
cost-effectiveness index was held not to impose new duties where the 
Chair was persuaded that the limitation applied to projects for which 
indexes were already required by law (Sept. 23, 1993, p. 22206).


[[Page 815]]

official (VII, 1695; cf. Aug. 1, 1989, p. 17156, and June 22, 1995, p. 
16844 (limitations in recommittal ruled out on basis of form rather than 
of legislative content)). This reasoning culminated in a ruling in the 
104th Congress admitting as a valid limitation an amendment prohibiting 
the use of funds in the bill to execute certain accounting transactions 
when specified conditions were ``made known'' to the disbursing official 
(July 17, 1996, p. 17542). In the 105th Congress this entire line of 
precedent was overtaken by changes in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this 
clause that treat as legislation a provision that makes funding 
contingent on whether circumstances not determinative under existing law 
are ``known'' (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----; July 15, 1997, p. ----; 
July 24, 1997, p. ----).
  Over a period dating from 1908, the House had developed a line of 
precedent to the effect that language restricting the availability of 
funds in a general appropriation bill could be a valid limitation if, 
rather than imposing new duties on a disbursing official or requiring 
new determinations of that official, it and passively addressed the 
state of knowledge of the



Sec. 1055. Contingencies and congressional 
actions.

  An amendment  making an appropriation contingent upon a recommendation 
(June 27, 1979, p. 17054) or action not specifically required by law is 
legislation; such as a provision limiting the use of funds in a bill 
``unless'' or ``until'' an action contrary to existing law is taken 
(Deschler's Precedents, vol. 8, ch. 26, sec. 47.1; July 24, 1996, p. 
18888). Where existing law requires an agency to furnish certain 
information to congressional committees upon request, without a 
subpoena, it is not in order to make funding for that agency contingent 
upon its furnishing information to subcommittees upon request (July 29-
30, 1980, p. 20475), or contingent upon submission of an agreement by a 
Federal official to Congress and congressional review thereof (July 31, 
1986, p. 18370). Similarly, it is not in order to condition funds on 
legal determinations to be made by a Federal court and an executive 
department (June 28, 1988, p. 16261; see Deschler's Precedents, vol. 8, 
ch. 26, sec. 47.2).


  Provisions making the availability of funds contingent upon subsequent 
congressional action have, under the most recent precedents, been ruled 
out as legislation (June 30, 1942, p. 5826; May 15, 1947, p. 5378; June 
27, 1994, p. 14613). However, a limitation on the use of funds to buy 
real estate or establish new offices except where Congress had approved 
and funded such activity (June 18, 1991, p. 15218) was held in order.


[[Page 816]]

  The following provisions have been ruled out as legislation: (1) 
making the availability of certain funds contingent upon subsequent 
congressional action on legislative proposals resolving the policy issue 
(Nov. 18, 1981, p. 28064); (2) making the availability of funds 
contingent upon subsequent enactment of legislation containing specified 
findings (Nov. 2, 1983, p. 30503); and (3) changing a permanent 
appropriation in existing law to restrict its availability until all 
general appropriation bills are presented to the President (June 29, 
1987, p. 18083). A section in a general appropriation bill directly 
contravening existing law to subject the use of local funds to 
congressional approval was held to constitute legislation where it was 
shown that some local (District of Columbia) funds deriving from 
interest accounts were available to the Financial Control Board without 
subsequent congressional approval (Aug. 6, 1998, p. ----).

  Two rulings upholding the admissibility of amendments making the 
availability of funds contingent upon subsequent congressional action 
have been superseded by the precedents cited above (June 11, 1968, p. 
16692; Sept. 6, 1979, p. 23360).

  The following provisions also have been held to be legislation as they 
required: (1) a congressional committee to promulgate regulations to 
limit the use of an appropriation (June 13, 1979, p. 14670), or 
otherwise to direct the activities of a committee (June 24, 1992, pp. 
16087); (2) the Selective Service Administration to issue regulations to 
bring its classifications into conformance with a Supreme Court decision 
(July 20, 1989, p. 15405); and (3) a change in a rule of the House (IV, 
3819). A provision constituting congressional disapproval of a deferral 
of budget authority proposed by the President pursuant to the 
Impoundment Control Act is not in order if included in a general 
appropriation bill rather than in a separate resolution of disapproval 
under that Act (July 29, 1982, pp. 18625, 18626). An amendment making 
the availability of funds contingent upon a substantive determination by 
a state or local government official or agency that is not otherwise 
required by existing law has been ruled out as legislation (July 25, 
1985, p. 20569).



Sec. 1056. Construing or amending existing 
law.

  A provision  proposing to construe existing law is itself legislative and 
therefore not in order (IV, 3936-3938; May 2, 1951, p. 4747; July 26, 
1951, p. 8982). However, an official's general responsibility to 
construe the language of a limitation on the use of funds, absent 
imposition of an affirmative direction not required by law, does not 
destroy the validity of a limitation (June 27, 1974, pp. 21687-94).


  Where it is asserted that duties ostensibly occasioned by a limitation 
are already imposed by existing law, the Chair may take cognizance of 
judicial decisions and rule the limitation out on the basis that the 
case law is not uniform, current, or finally dispositive (June 16, 1977, 
pp. 19365-74; June 7, 1978, p. 16676). For example, a limitation 
prohibiting the use of funds for an inspection conducted by a regulatory 
agency without a search warrant has been held out of order as imposing a 
new duty not uniformly required by case law (June 16, 1977, pp. 19365-
74). Similarly, an amendment denying the use of funds for an agency to 
apply certain provisions of law under court decisions in effect on a 
prior date has been held out of order as requiring the official to apply 
noncurrent case law (June 7, 1978, p. 16655).


[[Page 817]]

cepting certain appropriations from the sweep of a broader limitation 
may be in order (Deschler's Precedents, vol. 8, ch. 26, sec. 25.2). It 
also has been held in order to except from the operation of a specific 
limitation on expenditures certain of those expenditures that are 
authorized by law by prohibiting a construction of the limitation in a 
way that would prevent compliance with that law (Deschler's Precedents, 
vol. 8, ch. 26, sec. 25.10; June 18, 1991, p. 15218). Similarly, a 
limitation on certain payments to persons in ``excess of $500,'' but 
stating that the limitation would not be ``construed to deprive any 
share renter of payments'' to which he might otherwise be entitled was 
held in order (Deschler's Precedents, vol. 8, ch. 26, sec. 66.1);
  A provision prescribing a rule of construction is legislation 
(Deschler's Precedents, vol. 8, ch. 26, sec. 25.15). For example, a 
provision prescribing a prospective rule of construction for possible 
(future) tax enactments was held to constitute legislation (June 21, 
2000, p. ----). Similarly, a provision construing a limitation in a bill 
by affirmatively declaring the meaning of the prohibition is legislation 
(May 17, 1988, p. 11305); and a provision prescribing definitions for 
terms contained in a limitation may be legislation (Deschler's 
Precedents, vol. 8, ch. 26, secs. 25.7, 25.11). Language ex

  The mere recitation in an amendment that a determination is to be made 
pursuant to existing laws and regulations, absent a citation to the law 
imposing such responsibility, is not sufficient proof by the proponent 
of an amendment to overcome a point of order that the amendment 
constitutes legislation (Sept. 16, 1980, p. 25606; May 8, 1986, p. 
10156). A limitation denying the use of funds to apply certain 
provisions of the Internal Revenue Code other than under regulations in 
effect on a prior date is legislation since requiring an official to 
apply regulations no longer current in order to render an appropriation 
available (June 7, 1978, p. 16655; Aug. 19, 1980, pp. 21978-80). 
However, an exception to a limitation on the use of funds for designated 
Federal activities that were already authorized by law in more general 
terms, was held in order as not containing legislation (June 27, 1979, 
pp. 17033-35).

  Language waiving provisions of an existing law that did not 
specifically permit inclusion of such a waiver in an appropriation bill 
has been ruled out (Nov. 13, 1975, p. 36271; June 20, 1996, p. 14847; 
Mar. 29, 2000, p. ----; May 19, 2000, p. ----, p. ----; June 13, 2000, 
p. ----), as has language identical to that contained in an 
authorization bill previously passed by the House but not yet signed 
into law (Aug. 4, 1978, p. 24436), or a proposition for repeal of 
existing law (VII, 1403).

  Existing law may be repeated verbatim without violating the rule (IV, 
3814, 3815), but the slightest change of the text renders it liable to a 
point of order (IV, 3817; VII, 1391, 1394; June 4, 1970, p. 18405). It 
is in order to include language descriptive of authority provided in law 
for the operation of Government agencies and corporations so long as the 
description is precise and does not change that authority in any respect 
(June 15, 1973, p. 19843; Aug. 3, 1978, p. 24249); although language 
merely reciting the applicability of current law to the use of earmarked 
funds is permitted, a provision that elevates existing guidelines to 
mandates for spending has been ruled out (July 12, 1989, p. 14432).


[[Page 818]]

pursuant to constitutional provisions is an argument on the merits of 
the amendment and does not render it legislative in nature (Aug. 19, 
1980, pp. 21981-84). An amendment prohibiting the use of funds to carry 
out any ruling of the Internal Revenue Service that rules that taxpayers 
are not entitled to certain charitable deductions was held in order as a 
limitation, since merely descriptive of an existing ruling already 
promulgated and not requiring any new determinations as to the 
applicability of the limitation to other categories of taxpayers (July 
16, 1979, pp. 18808-10).
  As it is in order by way of limitation to deny the use of funds for 
implementation of an Executive Order, an amendment precisely describing 
the contents of the Executive Order does not constitute legislation 
solely for that reason (Mar. 16, 1977, p. 7748). The fact that the 
regulation for which funds are denied may have been promulgated pursuant 
to court order and



Sec. 1057. Mandating expenditures.

  A provision  that mandates 
a distribution of funds in contravention of an allocation formula in 
existing law is legislation (July 29, 1982, pp. 18637, 18638; Oct. 5, 
1983, p. 27335; Aug. 2, 1989, p. 18123; July 24, 1995, p. 20141), as is 
an amendment that by such a mandate interferes with an executive 
official's discretionary authority (Mar. 12, 1975, p. 6338), as in an 
amendment requiring not less than a certain sum to be used for a 
particular purpose where existing law does not mandate such expenditure 
(June 18, 1976, p. 19297; July 29, 1982, p. 18623), or where an 
amendment earmarks appropriated funds to the arts to require their 
expenditure pursuant to standards otherwise applicable only as 
guidelines (July 12, 1989, p. 14432). Where existing law directed a 
Federal official to provide for sale of certain Government property to a 
private organization in ``necessary'' amounts, an amendment providing 
that no such property be withheld from distribution from qualifying 
purchasers was legislation, since requiring disposal of all property and 
restricting discretionary authority to determine ``necessary'' amounts 
(Aug. 7, 1978, p. 24707). An amendment directing the use of funds to 
assure compliance with an existing law, where existing law does not so 
mandate, also is legislation (June 24, 1976, p. 20370). So-called 
``hold-harmless'' provisions that mandate a certain level of expenditure 
for certain purposes or recipients, where existing law confers 
discretion or makes ratable reductions in such expenditures, also 
constitute legislation (Apr. 16, 1975, p. 10357; June 25, 1976, p. 
20557). A transfer of available funds from one department to another 
with directions as to the use to which those funds must be put is 
legislation (and also a reappropriation in violation of clause 2(a)(2) 
of this rule) (Dec. 8, 1982, p. 29449). A provision requiring States to 
match funds provided in an appropriation bill was held to constitute 
legislation where existing law contained no such requirement (June 28, 
1993, p. 14418). Where existing law prescribes a formula for the 
allocation of funds among several categories, an amendment merely 
reducing the amount earmarked for one of the categories is not 
legislation, so long as it does not textually change the statutory 
formula (July 24, 1995, p. 20133).



[[Page 819]]

eral appropriation bill by waiver or by failure to raise a point of 
order, an amendment merely changing that amount and not adding 
legislative language or earmarking separate funds for another 
unauthorized purpose is in order (IV, 3823-3835, 3838; VII, 1405, 1413-
1415; June 9, 1954, p. 5963; July 27, 1954, p. 12287; Oct. 1, 1975, p. 
31058; June 8, 1977, p. 17941; July 17, 1985, p. 19435; Sept. 11, 1985, 
p. 23398; June 14, 1988, p. 14341). However, this does not permit an 
amendment that adds additional legislation (IV, 3836, 3837, 3862; VII, 
1402-1436; Dec. 9, 1971, p. 4595; Aug. 1, 1973, p. 27291; June 10, 1977, 
p. 1802; July 30, 1985, p. 21532; July 23, 1986, p. 17446; June 26, 
1987, p. 17655; June 28, 1988, pp. 16203, 16213; Aug. 2, 1989, p. 18172; 
Nov. 15, 1989, p. 29004, June 23, 1998, p. ----; July 13, 2000, p. ----
), proposes a new unauthorized purpose (Dec. 8, 1971, p. 45487; Aug. 7, 
1978, pp. 24710-12; May 25, 1988, p. 12256), earmarks for unauthorized 
purposes (July 17, 1985, p. 19435; July 17, 1986, p. 16918; July 26, 
1995, p. 20528; June 5, 1996, p. 13120), earmarks by directing a new use 
of funds not required by law (July 26, 1985, pp. 20811, 20813), or 
increases an authorized amount above the authorized ceiling (Aug. 4, 
1999, p. ----).


Sec. 1058. Waivers; amending legislation permitted 
to remain.

  The House  may, by agreeing to a report from the Committee on Rules or 
by adopting an order under suspension of the rules, allow legislation on 
general appropriation bills (IV, 3260-3263, 3839-3845). Where an 
unauthorized appropriation or legislation is permitted to remain in a 
gen


  An amendment adding a new paragraph indirectly increasing an 
unauthorized amount contained in a prior paragraph permitted to remain 
is subject to a point of order because the new paragraph is adding a 
further unauthorized amount not merely perfecting (July 12, 1995, p. 
18628; July 16, 1997, pp. ----; Sept. 9, 1997, p. ----; Sept. 17, 1998, 
p. ----). However, a new paragraph indirectly reducing an unauthorized 
amount permitted to remain in a prior paragraph passed in the reading is 
not subject to a point of order because it is not adding a further 
unauthorized amount (July 16, 1997, p. ----). Where by unanimous consent 
an amendment is offered en bloc to a paragraph containing an 
unauthorized amount not yet read for amendment, the amendment increasing 
that unauthorized figure is subject to a point of order since at that 
point it is not being offered to a paragraph that has been read and 
permitted to remain (June 21, 1984, p. 17687). As required by clause 
2(f), the Chair will query for points of order against the provisions of 
an appropriation bill not yet reached in the reading but addressed by an 
amendment offered en bloc under that clause as budget authority and 
outlay neutral (July 22, 1997, p. ----).

  The Chair examined an entire legislative provision permitted to remain 
when ruling that an amendment to a portion of the provision was merely 
perfecting (July 15, 1999, p. ----). An amendment to a general 
appropriation bill is not subject to a point of order as adding 
legislation for restating, verbatim, a legislative provision already 
contained in the bill and permitted to remain (Aug. 27, 1980, p. 23519).


[[Page 820]]

text that resulted in extending the legislative reach of the pending 
bill (July 17, 1996, p. 17533); (2) an amendment extending a legislative 
provision that placed certain restrictions on recipients of a defined 
set of Federal payments and benefits to persons benefiting from a 
certain tax status determined on wholly unrelated criteria (Aug. 3, 
1995, p. 21967); (3) an amendment adding an additional nation to a 
legislative provision addressing sanctions against one nation (July 13, 
2000, p. ----).
  To a legislative provision permitted to remain conferring assistance 
on a certain class of recipients, an amendment adding another class is 
further legislation and is not merely perfecting (June 22, 1983, p. 
16851). For example, the following amendments to legislative provisions 
permitted to remain have been held to propose additional legislation: 
(1) an amendment striking

  On the other hand, to a legislative provision permitted to remain, an 
amendment particularizing a definition in the language was held not to 
constitute additional legislation where it was shown that the definition 
being amended already contemplated inclusion of the covered class (Aug. 
5, 1998, p. ----). To a legislative provision permitted to remain that 
excepted from a denial of funds for abortions cases where the life of 
the mother would be endangered if a fetus were carried to term, an 
amendment excepting instead cases where the health of the mother would 
be endangered if the fetus were carried to term was held not to 
constitute further legislation, since determinations on the endangerment 
of life necessarily subsume determinations on the endangerment of 
health; and the amendment did not therefore require any different or 
more onerous determinations (June 27, 1984, p. 19113).

  To a paragraph permitted to remain though containing a legislative 
proviso restricting the obligation of funds until a date within the 
fiscal year, an amendment striking the delimiting date, thus applying 
the restriction for the entire year, was held to be perfecting (July 30, 
1990, p. 20442); but striking the date and inserting a new trigger (the 
enactment of other legislation), was held to be additional legislation 
(July 30, 1990, p. 20442).


[[Page 821]]



Sec. 1059. Senate amendments.

  The principle  seems to be 
generally well accepted that the House proposing legislation on a 
general appropriation bill should recede if the other House persists in 
its objection (IV, 3904-3908), and clause 5 of rule XXII (Sec. 1076, 
infra) prohibits House conferees from agreeing to a Senate amendment 
that proposes legislation on an appropriation bill without specific 
authority from the House. However, where a Senate amendment proposing 
legislation on a general appropriation bill is, pursuant to the edict of 
clause 5 of rule XXII, reported back from conference in disagreement, a 
motion to concur in the Senate amendment with a further amendment is in 
order, even if the proposed amendment adds legislation to that contained 
in the Senate amendment, and the only test is whether the proposed 
amendment is germane to the Senate amendment reported in disagreement 
(IV, 3909; VIII, 3188, 3189; Speaker McCormack, Dec. 15, 1970, p. 41504; 
Aug. 1, 1979, pp. 22007-11; Speaker O'Neill, Dec. 12, 1979, p. 35520; 
June 30, 1987, p. 18308).



               ``holman rule'' on retrenching expenditures



Sec. 1062. Legislation reducing 
expenditures.

  Decisions under  the so-called ``Holman Rule'' in clause 2 of rule XXI 
have been rare in the modern practice of the House. The trend in 
construing language in general appropriation bills or amendments thereto 
has been to minimize the importance of the ``Holman Rule'' in those 
cases where the decision can be made on other grounds. The practice of 
using limitations in appropriation bills has been perfected in recent 
years so that most modern decisions by the Chair deal with distinctions 
between such limitations and matters that are considered to be 
legislation (see Sec. Sec. 1053-1057, supra). Under the modern practice, 
the ``Holman Rule'' only applies where an obvious reduction is achieved 
by the provision in question and does not apply to limiting language 
unaccompanied by a reduction of funds in the bill (July 16, 1979, pp. 
18808-10). It has no application to an amendment to an appropriation 
bill that does not legislate but is merely a negative limitation citing 
but not changing existing law (June 18, 1980, p. 15355).


  A paragraph containing legislation reported in an appropriation bill 
to be in order must on its face show a retrenchment of a type that 
conforms to the requirements of the rule (Mar. 17, 1926, p. 5804).

  The reduction of expenditure must appear as a necessary result, in 
order to bring an amendment or provision within the exception to the 
rule. It is not sufficient that such reduction would probably, or would 
in the opinion of the Chair, result therefrom (IV, 3887; VII, 1530-
1534). Thus, an amendment to a general appropriation bill providing that 
appropriations made in that act are hereby reduced by $7 billion, though 
legislative in form, was held in order under the ``Holman Rule'' 
exception (Apr. 5, 1966, p. 7689), but an amendment providing for 
certain reductions of appropriations carried in the bill based on the 
President's budget estimates was held not to show a reduction on its 
face and to provide merely speculative reductions (Deschler's 
Precedents, vol. 8, ch. 26, sec. 5.6; June 24, 1992, p. 16110). An 
amendment authorizing the President to reduce each appropriation in the 
bill by not more than 10 percent was ruled out as legislation conferring 
new authority on the President (May 31, 1984, p. 14617; June 6, 1984, p. 
15120). An amendment reducing an unauthorized amount permitted to remain 
in a general appropriation bill is in order as a retrenchment under this 
clause (Oct. 1, 1975, p. 31058). An amendment to a general appropriation 
bill denying the availability of funds to certain recipients but which 
requires Federal officials to make additional determinations as to the 
qualifications of recipients is legislation and is not a retrenchment of 
expenditures where it is not apparent that the prohibition will reduce 
the amounts covered by the bill (June 26, 1973, p. 21389).


[[Page 822]]

that appropriations ``herein and heretofore made'' shall be reduced by 
$70 million through the reduction of Federal employees as the President 
determines was held to be legislative and not germane to the bill, since 
it went to funds other than those carried therein, and was therefore not 
within the ``Holman Rule'' exception (Oct. 18, 1966, p. 27425).
  The amendment must not only show on its face an attempt to retrench 
but must also be germane to some provision in the bill even though 
offered by direction of the committee having jurisdiction of the subject 
matter of the amendment (VII, 1549; Dec. 16, 1911, p. 442). An amendment 
providing

  An amendment reducing an amount in an appropriation bill for the 
Postal Service and prohibiting the use of funds therein to implement 
special bulk third-class rates for political committees was held in 
order since not specifically requiring a new determination and since 
constituting a retrenchment of expenditures even if assumed to be 
legislative (July 13, 1979, pp. 18453-55).

  As long as an amendment calls for an obvious reduction at some point 
in time during the fiscal year, the amendment is in order under the 
``Holman Rule'' even if the reduction takes place in the future in an 
amount actually determined when the reduction takes place (for example, 
by formula) (VII, 1491, 1505; July 30, 1980, pp. 20499-20503). To an 
amendment that is in order under the ``Holman Rule,'' containing 
legislation but retrenching expenditures by formula for every agency 
funded by the bill, an amendment exempting from that reduction several 
specific programs does not add further legislation and is in order (July 
30, 1980, pp. 20499-20503).

  A motion to recommit the District of Columbia appropriation bill with 
instructions to reduce the proportion of the fund appropriated from the 
Public Treasury from one-half, as provided in the bill, to one-fourth of 
the entire appropriation is in order, since the effect of the amendment 
if adopted would reduce the expenditure of public money although not 
reducing the amount of the appropriation (VII, 1518).

  The term ``retrenchment'' means the reduction of the amount of money 
to be taken out of the Federal Treasury by the bill, and therefore a 
reduction of the amount of money to be contributed toward the expenses 
of the District of Columbia is in order as a retrenchment (VII, 1502).

  An amendment proposed to an item for the recoinage of uncurrent 
fractional silver, which amendment struck out the amount appropriated 
and added a provision for the coinage of all the bullion in the Treasury 
into standard silver dollars, the cost of such coinage and recoinage to 
be paid out of the Government's seigniorage, was held not to be in order 
under the rule; first, because not germane to the subject matter of the 
bill (the sundry civil); second, because it did not appear that any 
retrenchment of expenditure would result, the seigniorage being the 
property of the Government as other funds in the Treasury (VII, 1547).


[[Page 823]]

part of the amendment was sustained, which decision was, on appeal, 
affirmed by the committee (VII, 1555).
  To an item of appropriation for inland transportation of mails by star 
routes an amendment was offered requiring the Postmaster General to 
provide routes and make contracts in certain cases, with the further 
provision ``and the amount of appropriation herein for star routes is 
hereby reduced to $500.'' A point of order made against the first or 
legislative

  To a clause appropriating for the foreign mail service an amendment 
reducing the appropriation, and in addition repealing the act known as 
the ``subsidy act,'' was held not in order because the repealing of this 
act was not germane to the appropriation bill; and that to be in order 
both branches of the amendment must be germane to the bill (VII, 1548).

  A provision in the agricultural appropriation bill transferring the 
supervision of the importation of animals from the Treasury to the 
Department of Agriculture is out of order, being a provision changing 
law and not retrenching expenditure (IV, 3886).

  Where a paragraph containing new legislation provides in one part for 
a discharge of employees, which means a retrenchment, and in another 
part embodies legislation to bring about the particular retrenchment 
which in turn shows on its face an expenditure the amount of which is 
not apparent, the Chair is unable to hold that the net result will 
retrench expenditures. However, where the additional legislation does 
not show on its face an additional expenditure, the Chair will not 
speculate as to a possible expenditure under the additional legislation 
(VII, 1500).


  As explained in the annotation in Sec. 1043, supra, the amendment of 
clause 2(b) in the 98th Congress narrowed the ``Holman Rule'' exception 
to the general prohibition against legislation to cover only 
retrenchments reducing amounts of money covered by the bill, and not 
retrenchments resulting from reduction of the number and salary of 
officers of the United States or of the compensation of any person paid 
out of the U.S. Treasury. Accordingly, the Chair held out of order an 
amendment mandating the reduction of certain Federal salaries and 
expenses as not confined to a reduction of funds in the bill (June 17, 
1994, p. 13422). Paragraph (b) also eliminated separate authority 
conferred upon legislative committees or commissions with proper 
jurisdiction to report amendments retrenching expenditures, and 
permitted legislative committees to recommend such retrenchments by 
reduction of amounts covered by the bill to the Appropriations Committee 
for discretionary inclusion in the reported bill. Paragraph (d) as added 
in the 98th Congress provides a new procedure for consideration of all 
retrenchment amendments only when reading of the bill has been completed 
and only if the Committee of the Whole does not adopt a motion to rise 
and report the bill back to the House. Other decisions which involved 
interpretation of the ``Holman Rule,'' but which do not reflect the 
current form or interpretation of that rule, are found in IV, 3846, 
3885-3892; VII, 1484, 1486-1492, 1498, 1500, 1515, 1563, 1564, 1569; 
June 1, 1892, p. 4920.


[[Page 824]]

bill (IV, 3591, 3592; VII, 1156, 1158). This clause was amended in the 
99th Congress by section 228(b) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency 
Deficit Control Act of 1985 (P.L. 99-177) to permit the Committee on 
Appropriations to report certain transfers of unexpended balances. 
Consistent with clause 2 of rule XXI, and as codified in the 106th 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----), violations of this clause 
are enforced only against specific provisions in general appropriation 
bills containing reappropriations rather than against consideration of 
the bill (see, e.g., Procedure, ch. 25, sec. 18).


Sec. 1063. Reappropriations.

  This  provision from section 
139(c) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (2 U.S.C. 190f(c)) 
was made part of the standing rules in the 83d Congress (Jan. 3, 1953, 
p. 24). Previously, a reappropriation of an unexpended balance for an 
object authorized by law was in order on a general appropriation


  A provision in a general appropriation bill, or an amendment thereto, 
providing that funds for a certain purpose are to be derived by 
continuing the availability of funds previously appropriated for a prior 
fiscal year is in violation of clause 2(a)(2) (former clause 6 of rule 
XXI) (Aug. 20, 1951, p. 10393; Mar. 29, 1960, p. 6862; June 17, 1960, p. 
13138; June 20, 1973, p. 20530; July 29, 1982, p. 18625; June 28, 1988, 
p. 16255), and a reappropriation of unexpended prior year balances 
prohibited by this clause is not in order under the guise of a ``Holman 
Rule'' exception to clause 2 of rule XXI (Oct. 18, 1966, p. 27424). An 
amendment to a general appropriation bill making any appropriations 
which are available for the current fiscal year available for certain 
new purposes was held out of order under clause 2(a)(2) since it was not 
confined to the funds in the bill and would permit reappropriation of 
unexpended balances (Oct. 1, 1975, p. 31090). That appropriations may be 
authorized in law for a specified object does not permit an amendment to 
a general appropriation bill to include legislative language mandating 
the reappropriation of funds from other Acts (July 28, 1992, p. 19652).

  This rule, however, is not applicable when the reappropriation 
language is identical to legislative authorization language enacted 
subsequent to the adoption of the rule, since the law is a more recent 
expression of the will of the House (Sept. 5, 1961, p. 18133), nor when 
a measure transferring unobligated balances of previously appropriated 
funds contains legislative provisions and rules changes but no 
appropriation of new budget authority and is neither in the form of an 
appropriation bill nor the subject of a privileged report by the 
Committee on Appropriations under rule XIII (Mar. 3, 1988, p. 3239).

  The return of an unexpended balance to the Treasury is in order (IV, 
3594).



[[Page 825]]

Transportation obligation limitations


Sec. 1063a. Offsetting en bloc amendments.

  To  invoke the 
protection of clause 2(f), an amendment must not increase the levels of 
budget authority or outlays carried in the bill (Aug. 4, 1999, p. ----; 
July 12, 2000, p. ----). An amendment otherwise in order under this 
paragraph may nevertheless be in violation of clause 2(a)(1) if 
increasing an appropriation above the authorized amount contained in the 
bill (Aug. 4, 1999, p. ----).





Sec. 1064. Transportation obligation limitations.

  3.  It shall 
not be in order to consider a bill, joint resolution, amendment, or 
conference report that would cause obligation limitations to be below 
the level for any fiscal year set forth in section 8103 of the 
Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, as adjusted, for the 
highway category or the mass transit category, as applicable.


  The Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (sec. 8101(e), P.L. 
105-178) added this provision as a new clause 9 of rule XXI. In the 
106th Congress, this provision was transferred to clause 3 (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). The Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency 
Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 108, div. C, P.L. 105-277; 
112 Stat. 2681-586), included the following provision: ``Sec. 108. For 
the purpose of any Rule of the House of Representatives, notwithstanding 
any other provision of law, any obligation limitation relating to 
surface transportation projects under section 1602 of P.L. 105-178 shall 
be assumed to be administered on the basis of sound program management 
practices that are consistent with past practices of the administering 
agency permitting States to decide High Priority Project funding 
priorities within state program allocations.'' This clause and the cited 
law should be read together notwithstanding subsequent readoption of 
clause 3 because the two are not mutually inconsistent.


Sec. 106. Funding for Aviation Programs.


Sec. 1064a. Funding for aviation programs.

  The  Wendell H. 
Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century (sec. 106, 
P.L. 106-181) added the following provision:


  (a) Authorization of Appropriations.--

          (1) Airport and airway trust fund guarantee.--

                  (A) In general.--The total budget resources made 

                available from the Airport and Airway Trust Fund each 

                fiscal year through fiscal year 2003 pursuant to 

                sections 48101, 48102, 48103, and 106(k) of title 49, 

                United States Code, shall be equal to the level of 

                receipts plus interest credited to the Airport and 

                Airway Trust Fund for that fiscal year. Such amounts may 

                be used only for aviation investment programs listed in 

                subsection (b).

                  (B) Guarantee.--No funds may be appropriated or 

                limited for aviation investment programs listed in 

                subsection (b) unless the amount described in 


[[Page 826]]

                subparagraph (A) has been provided.

          (2) Additional authorizations of appropriations from the 

        general fund.--In any fiscal year through fiscal year 2003, if 

        the amount described in paragraph (1) is appropriated, there is 

        further authorized to be appropriated from the general fund of 

        the Treasury such sums as may be necessary for the Federal 

        Aviation Administration Operations account.

  (b) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:

          (1) Total budget resources.--The term ``total budget 

        resources'' means the total amount made available from the 

        Airport and Airway Trust Fund for the sum of obligation 

        limitations and budget authority made available for a fiscal 

        year for the following budget accounts that are subject to the 

        obligation limitation on contract authority provided in this Act 

        and for which appropriations are provided pursuant to 

        authorizations contained in this Act:

                  (A) 69-8106-0-7-402 (Grants in Aid for Airports).

                  (B) 69-8107-0-7-402 (Facilities and Equipment).

                  (C) 69-8108-0-7-402 (Research and Development).

                  (D) 69-8104-0-7-402 (Trust Fund Share of Operations).

          (2) Level of receipts plus interest.--The term `level of 

        receipts plus interest' means the level of excise taxes and 

        interest credited to the Airport and Airway Trust Fund under 

        section 9502 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for a fiscal 

        year as set forth in the President's budget baseline projection 

        as defined in section 257 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency 

        Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-177) (Treasury 

        identification code 20-8103-0-7-402) for that fiscal year 

        submitted pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, United States 

        Code.

  (c) Enforcement of Guarantees.--

          (1) Total airport and airway trust fund funding.--It shall not 

        be in order in the House of Representatives or the Senate to 

        consider any bill, joint resolution, amendment, motion, or 

        conference report that would cause total budget resources in a 

        fiscal year for aviation investment programs described in 

        subsection (b) to be less than the amount required by subsection 

        (a)(1)(A) for such fiscal year.

          (2) Capital priority.--It shall not be in order in the House 

        of Representatives or the Senate to consider any bill, joint 

        resolution, amendment, motion, or conference report that 

        provides an appropriation (or any amendment thereto) for any 

        fiscal year through fiscal year 2003 for Research and 

        Development or Operations if the sum of the obligation 

        limitation for Grants-in-Aid for Airports and the appropriation 

        for Facilities and Equipment for such fiscal year is below the 

        sum of the authorized levels for Grants-in-Aid for Airports and 


        for Facilities and Equipment for such fiscal year.



[[Page 827]]

Appropriations on legislative bills
  The chairmen of the Committee on Rules and the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure inserted in the Record correspondence 
concerning points of order established in this section (Mar. 15, 2000, 
p. ----).




Sec. 1065. Restriction of power to report appropriations.

  4.  A 
bill or joint resolution carrying an appropriation may not be reported 
by a committee not having jurisdiction to report appropriations, and an 
amendment proposing an appropriation shall not be in order during the 
consideration of a bill or joint resolution reported by a committee not 
having that jurisdiction. A point of order against an appropriation in 
such a bill, joint resolution, or amendment thereto may be raised at any 
time during pendency of that measure for amendment.


  This portion of the rule was adopted June 1, 1920 (VII, 2133). When 
the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----), this clause was returned to clause 4 where it had been 
until moved to former clause 5(a) of rule XXI in the 93d Congress (H. 
Res. 988, 93d Cong., Oct. 8, 1974, p. 34470).


[[Page 828]]

amendment is not separately before the House during consideration of the 
special order (Feb. 24, 1993, p. 3542).
  A point of order under this rule cannot be raised against a motion to 
suspend the rules (VIII, 3426), against a motion to discharge a 
nonappropriating committee from consideration of a bill carrying an 
appropriation (VII, 2144), or against a Senate amendment to an 
appropriation bill (VII, 1572). However, it may be directed against an 
item of appropriation in a Senate bill (VII, 2136, 2147; July 30, 1957, 
pp. 13056, 13181). If the House deletes a provision in a Senate bill 
under this rule, the bill is messaged to the Senate with the deletion in 
the form of an amendment. The point of order may be made against an 
appropriation in a Senate bill that, although not reported in the House, 
is considered in lieu of a reported House ``companion bill'' (VII, 2137; 
Mar. 29, 1933, p. 988). This clause applies to an amendment proposed to 
a Senate amendment to a House bill not reported from the Committee on 
Appropriations (Oct. 1, 1980, pp. 28638-42). The rule does not apply to 
private bills since the committees having jurisdiction of bills for the 
payment of private claims may report bills making appropriations within 
the limits of their jurisdiction (VII, 2135; Dec. 12, 1924, p. 538). The 
point of order under this rule does not apply to an appropriation in a 
bill which has been taken away from a nonappropriating committee by a 
motion to discharge (VII, 1019a). The point of order under this rule 
does not apply to a special order reported from the Committee on Rules 
``self-executing'' the adoption in the House to a reported bill of an 
amendment containing an appropriation, since the

  The provision in this clause that a point of order against an 
amendment containing an appropriation to a legislative bill may be made 
``at any time'' has been interpreted to require that the point of order 
be raised during the pendency of the amendment under the five-minute 
rule (Mar. 18, 1946, p. 2365; Apr. 28, 1975, pp. 12043), and a point of 
order will lie against an amendment during its pendency, even in its 
amended form, although the point of order is against the amendment as 
amended by a substitute and no point of order was raised against the 
substitute prior to its adoption (Apr. 23, 1975, p. 12043). However, the 
point of order must be raised during the initial consideration of the 
bill or amendment under the five-minute rule, and a point of order 
against similar language permitted to remain in the House version and 
included in a conference report on a bill will not lie, since the only 
rule prohibiting such inclusion (clause 5 of rule XXII) is limited to 
language originally contained in a Senate amendment where the House 
conferees have not been specifically authorized to agree thereto (May 1, 
1975, p. 12752). Where the House has adopted a resolution waiving points 
of order against certain appropriations in a legislative bill, a point 
of order may nevertheless be raised against an amendment to the bill 
containing an identical provision, since under this rule a point of 
order may be raised against the amendment ``at any time'' (Apr. 23, 
1975, p. 11512). A point of order against a direct appropriation in a 
bill initially reported from a legislative committee and then 
sequentially referred to and reported adversely by the Committee on 
Appropriations was conceded and sustained as in violation of this clause 
(Nov. 10, 1975, p. 35611). The point of order should be directed to the 
item of appropriation in the bill and not to the act of reporting the 
bill (VII, 2143), and cannot be directed to the entire bill (VII, 2142; 
Apr. 28, 1975, p. 12043).

  The term ``appropriation'' in the rule means the payment of funds from 
the Treasury, and the words ``warranted and make available for 
expenditure for payments'' are equivalent to ``is hereby appropriated'' 
and therefore not in order (VII, 2150). The words ``available until 
expended,'' making an appropriation already made for one year available 
for ensuing years, are not in order (VII, 2145).


[[Page 829]]

authorizing payment from an appropriation to be made (Jan. 31, 1923, p. 
2794).
  The point of order provided for in this clause is not applicable to 
the following provisions: (1) authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury 
to use proceeds from the sale of bonds under the Second Liberty Bond Act 
(public debt transactions) for the purpose of making loans, since such 
loans do not constitute ``appropriations'' within the purview of the 
rule (June 28, 1949, pp. 8536-38; Aug. 2, 1950, p. 11599); (2) exempting 
loan guarantees in a legislative bill from statutory limitations on 
expenditures (July 16, 1974, p. 23344); (3) authorizing the availability 
of certain loan receipts where it can be shown that the actual 
availability of those receipts remains contingent upon subsequent 
enactment of an appropriation act (Sept. 10, 1975, p. 28300); (4) 
increasing the duties of a commission (VII, 1578); (5)

  Language reappropriating, making available, or diverting an 
appropriation or a portion of an appropriation already made for one 
purpose to another (VII, 2146; Mar. 29, 1933, p. 988; Aug. 10, 1988, p. 
21719), or for one fiscal year to another (Mar. 26, 1992, p. 7223), is 
not in order. For example, the following provisions have been held out 
of order: (1) expanding the definition in existing law of recipients 
under a Federal subsidy program as permitting a new use of funds already 
appropriated (May 11, 1976, pp. 13409-11); (2) authorizing the use, 
without a subsequent appropriation, of funds directly appropriated by a 
previous statute for a new purpose (Oct. 1, 1980, pp. 28637-40). 
However, a modification of such a provision making payments for such new 
purposes ``effective only to the extent and in such amounts as are 
provided in advance in appropriation acts'' does not violate this clause 
(Oct. 1, 1980, pp. 28638-42).

  The following provisions have also been held to be in violation of 
this clause: (1) directing a departmental officer to pay a certain sum 
out of unexpended balances (VII, 2154); (2) authorizing the use of funds 
of the Shipping Board (VII, 2147); (3) directing payments out of Indian 
trust funds (VII, 2149); (4) making excess foreign currencies 
immediately available for a new purpose (Aug. 3, 1971, p. 29109); (5) 
authorizing the collection of fees or user charges by Federal agencies 
and making the revenues collected therefrom available without further 
appropriation (June 17, 1937, pp. 5915-18; Mar. 29, 1972, pp. 10749-51); 
(6) transferring existing Federal funds into a new Treasury trust fund 
to be immediately available for a new purpose (June 20, 1974, pp. 20273-
75); (7) transferring unexpended balances of appropriations from an 
existing agency to a new agency created therein (Apr. 9, 1979, p. 7774); 
(8) making a direct appropriation to carry out a part of the Energy 
Security Act (Oct. 24, 1985, p. 28812); (9) requiring the diversion of 
previously appropriated funds in lieu of the enactment of new budget 
authority if a maximum deficit amount under the Deficit Control Act of 
1985 is exceeded, though its stated purpose may be to avoid the 
sequestration of funds (Aug. 10, 1988, p. 21719).



[[Page 830]]

Tax and tariff measures and amendments
  Section 401(a) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (88 Stat. 317) 
prohibits consideration in the House of any bill or resolution or 
amendment which provides new spending authority (as that term is defined 
in that section) unless that measure also provides that such new 
spending authority is to be available only to the extent provided in 
appropriation act (see Sec. 1127, supra). See also Procedure, ch. 25, 
sec. 3, addressing appropriations on legislative bills generally.




Sec. 1066. Restriction on bills and amendments carrying 
taxes or tariffs.

  5. (a)  A bill or joint resolution carrying a tax or tariff 
measure may not be reported by a committee not having jurisdiction to 
report tax or tariff measures, and an amendment in the House or proposed 
by the Senate carrying a tax or tariff measure shall not be in order 
during the consideration of a bill or joint resolution reported by a 
committee not having that jurisdiction. A point of order against a tax 
or tariff measure in such a bill, joint resolution, or amendment thereto 
may be raised at any time during pendency of that measure for amendment.


  This provision was added in the 98th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 
1983, p. 34). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, this provision was found in former clause 5(b) of rule XXI (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). A point of order under this paragraph 
against a provision in a bill is in order at any time during 
consideration of the bill for amendment in Committee of the Whole (Aug. 
1, 1986, p. 18649). On October 4, 1989, the Chairman of the Committee of 
the Whole, before ruling on several points of order under this 
paragraph, enunciated several guidelines to distinguish taxes and 
tariffs on the one hand and user or regulatory fees and other forms of 
revenue on the other (p. 23260). On the opening day of the 102d 
Congress, Speaker Foley inserted in the Congressional Record the 
following statement of jurisdictional concepts underlying those same 
distinctions and indicated his intention to exercise his referral 
authority under rule X in a manner consistent with this paragraph (Jan. 
3, 1991, p. 64; see also Jan. 4, 1995, p. 551; Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----):

          Clause 5(b) (current clause 5(a)) of rule XXI prohibits the 

        reporting of a tax or tariff matter by any committee not having 

        that jurisdiction. Most of the questions of order arising under 

        this clause since its adoption in 1983 have related to 

        provisions that clearly affected the operation of the Internal 

        Revenue Code or the customs laws. From time to time, however, 

        such a question has related to a provision drafted as a user or 

        regulatory fee levied on members of a class that occasions or 

        avails itself of a particular governmental activity, typically 

        to generate revenue in support of that activity. In order to 

        provide guidance concerning the referral of bills, to assist 

        committees in staying within their appropriate jurisdictions 


[[Page 831]]

        under rule X, to as

        sist committees without jurisdiction over tax or tariff measures 

        in complying with clause 5(b) of rule XXI, and to protect the 

        constitutional prerogative of the House to originate revenue 

        bills, the Speaker will make the following statement: Standing 

        committees of the House (other than the Committees on 

        Appropriations and Budget) have jurisdiction to consider user, 

        regulatory and other fees, charges, and assessments levied on a 

        class directly availing itself of, or directly subject to, a 

        governmental service, program, or activity, but not on the 

        general public, as measures to be utilized solely to support, 

        subject to annual appropriations, the service, program, or 

        activity (including agency functions associated therewith) for 

        which such fees, charges, and assessments are established and 

        collected and not to finance the costs of Government generally. 

        The fee must be paid by a class benefiting from the service, 

        program or activity, or being regulated by the agency; in short, 

        there must be a reasonable connection between the payors and the 

        agency or function receiving the fee. The fund that receives the 

        amounts collected is not itself determinative of the existence 

        of a fee or a tax. The Committee on Ways and Means has 

        jurisdiction over ``revenue measures generally'' under rule X. 

        That committee is entitled to an appropriate referral of broad-

        based fees and could choose to recast such fees as excise taxes. 

        A provision only reauthorizing or amending an existing fee 

        without fundamental change, or creating a new fee generating 

        only a de minimis aggregate amount of revenues, does not 

        necessarily require a sequential referral to the Committee on 

        Ways and Means. The Chair intends to coordinate these principles 

        with the Committee on the Budget and the Congressional Budget 

        Office, especially in the reconciliation process, so that budget 

        scorekeeping does not determine, and reconciliation directives 

        and their implementation will not be inconsistent with, 

        committee jurisdiction. Further, it should be emphasized that 

        the constitutional prerogative of the House to originate revenue 

        measures will continue to be viewed broadly to include any 

        meaningful revenue proposal that the Senate may attempt to 

        originate.


[[Page 832]]

stitutes a tax or tariff measure proscribed by this paragraph, the Chair 
will consider argument as to whether the limitation effectively and 
inevitably changes revenue collections and tax status or liability (Aug. 
1, 1986, p. 18649). Similarly, in determining whether an amendment to a 
general appropriation bill proposing a change in IRS funding priorities 
constitutes a tax measure proscribed by this paragraph, the Chair will 
consider argument as to whether the change would necessarily or 
inevitably result in a loss or gain in tax liability and in tax 
collection (June 18, 1991, p. 15189).
  Although in the case of most points of order against provisions in 
bills or against amendments the burden is on the proponent of the 
provision to show that it does not violate the cited rule, in the case 
of a point of order under this paragraph against a provision in or an 
amendment to a general appropriation bill affecting the use of funds 
therein (otherwise traditionally in order if admissible under clause 2 
of rule XXI), the burden is on the Member making the point of order to 
show a necessary, certain, and inevitable change in revenue collections 
or tax statuses or liabilities (there being no other funds available 
that fiscal year under existing law) (Sept. 12, 1984, pp. 25108, 25109, 
25120; July 26, 1985, p. 20806; Aug. 1, 1986, p. 18649; July 13, 1990, 
p. 17473; June 18, 1991, p. 15189). Thus, in determining whether a 
limitation in a general appropriation bill con

  A limitation on the use of funds contained in a general appropriation 
bill was held to violate this paragraph by denying the use of funds by 
the Customs Service to enforce duty-free entry laws with respect to 
certain imported commodities, thereby requiring the collection of 
revenues not otherwise provided for by law (Oct. 27, 1983, p. 29611). 
Similar rulings were issued: (1) where it was shown that the imposition 
of the restriction on IRS funding for the fiscal year would effectively 
and inevitably preclude the IRS or the Customs Service from collecting 
revenues otherwise due and owing by law or require collection of revenue 
not legally due or owing (July 26, 1985, p. 20806; Aug. 1, 1986, pp. 
18649, 18650; July 17, 1996, p. 17563); and (2) where a provision in a 
general appropriation bill prohibited the use of funds to impose or 
assess certain taxes due under specified portions of the Internal 
Revenue Code (July 13, 1990, p. 17473). In the 98th Congress, the Chair 
sustained points of order under this paragraph against motions to concur 
in three Senate amendments to a general appropriation bill (not reported 
by the Committee on Ways and Means): (1) an amendment denying the use of 
funds in that or any other Act by the IRS to impose or assess any tax 
due under a designated provision of the Internal Revenue Code, thereby 
rendering the tax uncollectable through the use of any funds available 
to the agency (Sept. 12, 1984, p. 25108); (2) an amendment directing the 
Secretary of the Treasury to admit free of duty certain articles 
imported by a designated organization (Sept. 12, 1984, p. 25109); and 
(3) an amendment to the Tariff Act of 1930 to expand the authority of 
the Customs Service to seize and use the proceeds from the sale of 
contraband imports to defray operational expenses, and to offset owed 
customs duties under one section of that law (Sept. 12, 1984, p. 25120). 
An amendment to a general appropriation bill proposing to divert an 
increase in funding for the IRS from spot-checks to targeted audits was 
held not to constitute a tax within the meaning of this paragraph 
because it did not necessarily affect revenue collection levels or tax 
liabilities (June 18, 1991, p. 15189).


[[Page 833]]

and (2) a recommendation from the Committee on Merchant Marine and 
Fisheries expanding tax benefits available to shipowners through a 
capital construction fund (Oct. 24, 1985, pp. 28802, 28827). In the 
101st Congress, the following provisions in an omnibus budget 
reconciliation bill were ruled out: (1) a fee per passenger on cruise 
vessels, with revenues credited as proprietary receipts of the Coast 
Guard to be used for port safety, security, navigation, and 
antiterrorism activities (Oct. 4, 1989, p. 23260); (2) a per acre 
``ocean protection fee'' on oil and gas leaseholdings in the Outer 
Continental Shelf, with receipts to be used to offset costs of various 
ocean protection programs (Oct. 4, 1989, p. 23261); (3) an amendment to 
the Internal Revenue Code relating to the tax deductibility of pension 
fund contributions (Oct. 4, 1989, p. 23262); (4) a fee incident to 
termination of employee benefit plans, with receipts to be applied to 
enforcement and administration of plans remaining with the system (Oct. 
4, 1989, p. 23262); and (5) a fee incident to the filing of various 
pension benefit plan reports required by law, with revenues to be 
transferred to the Department of Labor for the enforcement of that law 
(Oct. 5, 1989, p. 23328).
  In the 99th Congress, the following provisions in a reconciliation 
bill reported from the Budget Committee were ruled out as tax measures 
not reported from the Committee on Ways and Means: (1) a recommendation 
from the Committee on Education and Labor (now Education and the 
Workforce) excluding certain interest on obligations from the Student 
Loan Marketing Association from application of the Internal Revenue 
Code, affecting interest deductions against income taxes (Oct. 24, 1985, 
pp. 28776, 28827);


[[Page 834]]

Science), an amendment proposing sundry changes in the Federal income 
tax by direct amendments to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 was ruled 
out of order as carrying a tax measure in violation of this paragraph 
(Sept. 16, 1992, p. 25205).

Passage of tax rate increases-
  To a bill reported from the Committee on Education and Labor (now 
Education and the Workforce) authorizing financial assistance to 
unemployed individuals for employment opportunities, an amendment 
providing instead for tax incentives to stimulate employment was held to 
be a tax measure in violation of this paragraph (Sept. 21, 1983, p. 
25145). A provision in a bill reported from the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs (now International Relations) imposing a uniform fee at ports of 
entry to be collected by the Customs Service as a condition of 
importation of a commodity was held to constitute a tariff within the 
meaning of this paragraph (June 4, 1985, p. 14009), as was an amendment 
to a bill reported from that committee amending the tariff schedules to 
deny ``most favored nation'' trade treatment to a certain nation (July 
11, 1985, p. 18590). A provision in a general appropriation bill 
creating a new tariff classification was held to constitute a tariff 
under this paragraph (June 15, 1994, p. 13103). A motion to concur in a 
Senate amendment constituting a tariff measure (imposing an import ban 
on certain dutiable goods) to a bill reported by a committee not having 
tariff jurisdiction was ruled out under this paragraph (Sept. 30, 1988, 
p. 27316). A proposal to increase a fee incident to the filing of a 
securities registration statement, with the proceeds to be deposited in 
the general fund of the Treasury as offsetting receipts, was held to 
constitute a tax within the meaning of this paragraph because the amount 
of revenue derived and the manner of its deposit indicated a purpose to 
defray costs of Government, generally (Oct. 23, 1990, p. 32650). To a 
bill reported by the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, an 
amendment increasing a user fee was ruled out as a tax measure where the 
fee overcollected to offset a reduction in another fee, thus attenuating 
the relationship between the amount of the fee and the cost of the 
Government activity for which it was assessed (May 9, 1995, p. 12180). 
To a bill reported by the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
(now




Sec. 1067. Threefifths vote to increase income tax rates.

  (b)  A 
bill or joint resolution, amendment, or conference report carrying a 
Federal income tax rate increase may not be considered as passed or 
agreed to unless so determined by a vote of not less than three-fifths 
of the Members voting, a quorum being present. In this paragraph the 
term ``Federal income tax rate increase'' means any amendment to 
subsection (a), (b), (c), (d), or (e) of section 1, or to section 11(b) 
or 55(b), of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, that imposes a new 
percentage as a rate of tax and thereby increases the amount of tax 
imposed by any such section.




[[Page 835]]


Consideration of retroactive tax rate increases
  This provision was added in the 104th Congress (sec. 106(a), H. Res. 
6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 463), and in the 105th Congress it was amended to 
clarify the definition of ``Federal income tax rate increase'' as 
limited to a specific amendment to one of the named subsections (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). Before the House recodified its rules in the 
106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 5(c) of rule 
XXI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). On one occasion the Chair held 
that a provision repealing a ceiling on total tax liability attributable 
to a net capital gain was not subject to the original version of this 
paragraph (Apr. 5, 1995, p. 10614). This paragraph does not apply to a 
concurrent resolution (Speaker Gingrich, May 18, 1995, p. 13499). A 
resolution reported from the Rules Committee waiving this paragraph may 
be adopted by majority vote (Oct. 26, 1995, p. 29477). The Speaker rules 
on the applicability of this paragraph only pending the question of 
final passage of a measure alleged to carry a Federal income tax rate 
increase, and not in advance upon adoption of a special order waiving 
that provision (Oct. 26, 1995, p. 29477).



Sec. 1068. Prohibition against retroactive income tax rate 
increase.

  (c)  It shall not be in order to consider a bill, joint 
resolution, amendment, or conference report carrying a retroactive 
Federal income tax rate increase. In this paragraph--


      (1) the term ``Federal income tax rate increase'' means any 
amendment to subsection (a), (b), (c), (d), or (e) of section 1, or to 
section 11(b) or 55(b), of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, that 
imposes a new percentage as a rate of tax and thereby increases the 
amount of tax imposed by any such section; and


      (2) a Federal income tax rate increase is retroactive if it 
applies to a period beginning before the enactment of the provision.


Designation of public works
  This paragraph was added in the 104th Congress (sec. 106(b), H. Res. 
6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 463), and it was amended in the 105th Congress to 
clarify the definition of ``Federal income tax rate increase'' (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----). Before the House recodified its rules in the 
106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 5(d) of rule 
XXI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



Sec. 1068a. Restriction on designation of public works.

  6.  It 
shall not be in order to consider a bill, joint resolution, amendment, 
or conference report that provides for the designation or redesignation 
of a public work in honor of an individual then serving as a Member, 
Delegate, Resident Commissioner, or Senator.





[[Page 836]]
 
  This clause was adopted in the 107th Congress (sec. 2(q), H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).

                                Rule XXII


Senate amendments
                       house and senate relations




Sec. 1069. Motion for conference.

  1.  A motion to disagree to 
Senate amendments to a House bill or resolution and to request or agree 
to a conference with the Senate, or a motion to insist on House 
amendments to a Senate bill or resolution and to request or agree to a 
conference with the Senate, shall be privileged in the discretion of the 
Speaker if offered by direction of the primary committee and of all 
reporting committees that had initial referral of the bill or 
resolution.


  This provision (proviso in former clause 1 of rule XX), added by the 
89th Congress (H. Res. 8, Jan. 4, 1965, p. 21), provides a method 
whereby bills can be sent to conference by majority vote. As contained 
in section 126(a) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 
Stat. 1140) and adopted as part of the Rules of the House in the 92d 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144), this clause included 
language relating to separate votes on nongermane Senate amendments that 
was, in the 93d Congress, modified and transferred to former clause 5 of 
rule XXVIII (current clause 10 of rule XXII) (H. Res. 998, Apr. 9, 1974, 
pp. 10195-99). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, clauses 1 and 3 of this rule occupied a single clause (former 
clause 1 of rule XX) (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 837]]

ter again authorizes its chairman to make the motion (Oct. 3, 1972, p. 
33502; see also Procedure, ch. 32, sec. 5). The motion to send to 
conference is in order only if the Speaker in his discretion recognized 
for that purpose, and the Speaker will not recognize for the motion 
where he has referred a nongermane Senate amendment in question to a 
House committee with jurisdiction and they have not yet had the 
opportunity to consider the amendment (June 28, 1984, p. 19770).



Sec. 1070. Motion for conference.

  The motion to  send a bill 
to conference under this clause is in order notwithstanding the fact 
that the stage of disagreement has not been reached (Aug. 1, 1972, p. 
26153). On a bill that has been initially referred and reported in the 
House, the motion must be authorized by all committees reporting thereon 
(Sept. 26, 1978, p. 31623). This clause was recodified in the 106th 
Congress to reflect this practice (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999. p. ----). 
However, a committee receiving sequential referral of a bill or not 
reporting thereon need not authorize the motion (Oct. 4, 1994, p. 
27643). On a Senate bill with a House amendment consisting of the text 
of two corresponding House bills that were previously reported to the 
House, the motion must be authorized by the committees reporting those 
corresponding bills (Oct. 1, 1998, p.----). Where such a motion has been 
rejected by the House, it may be repeated if the committee having 
jurisdiction over the subject mat





Sec. 1071. Privilege of certain Senate amendments.

  2.  A 
motion to dispose of House bills with Senate amendments not requiring 
consideration in the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the 
Union shall be privileged.



  This provision was adopted in 1890 (IV, 3089) as part of the rule 
governing disposal of business on the Speaker's table (former clause 2 
of rule XXIV). When the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, former clause 2 of rule XXIV was transferred to clause 2 of 
rule XIV, except this provision (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). For 
a discussion of referral of Senate amendments at the Speaker's table see 
Sec. 873, supra.




Sec. 1072. Consideration of Senate amendments in Committee 
of the Whole.

  3.  Except as permitted by clause 1, before the stage of 
disagreement, a Senate amendment to a House bill or resolution shall be 
subject to the point of order that it must first be considered in the 
Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union if, originating 
in the House, it would be subject to such a point under clause 3 of rule 
XVIII.


  This provision was adopted in 1880 to prevent Senate amendments of the 
class described from escaping consideration in Committee of the Whole 
(IV, 4796). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, 
clauses 1 and 3 of this rule occupied a single clause (former clause 1 
of rule XX) (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 838]]

the Speaker held it devolved upon those opposing the point of order to 
cite proof to the contrary (VIII, 2387). When in the House an amendment 
is offered to provide an appropriation for another purpose than that of 
the Senate amendment, the House goes into Committee of the Whole to 
consider it (IV, 4795). When an amendment is referred, the entire bill 
goes to the Committee of the Whole (IV, 4808), but the committee 
considers only the Senate amendment (V, 6192). It usually considers all 
the amendments, although they may not all be within the rule requiring 
such consideration (V, 6195). In Committee of the Whole a Senate 
amendment, even though it be very long, is considered as an entirety and 
not by paragraphs or sections (V, 6194). When reported from the 
Committee of the Whole, Senate amendments are voted on en bloc and only 
those amendments are voted on severally on which a separate vote is 
demanded (VIII, 3191). It has been held that each amendment is subject 
to general debate and amendment under the five-minute rule (V, 6193, 
6196). The requirement of this clause that certain Senate amendments be 
considered in Committee of the Whole applies only before the stage of 
disagreement has been reached on the Senate amendment, and it is too 
late to raise a point of order that Senate amendments should have been 
considered in Committee of the Whole after the House has disagreed 
thereto and the amendments reported from conference in disagreement 
(Oct. 20, 1966, p. 28240; Dec. 4, 1975, p. 38714). The Committee on 
Rules may recommend a special order of business providing that a Senate 
amendment pending at the Speaker's table and otherwise requiring 
consideration in Committee of the Whole under this clause be ``hereby'' 
adopted, which special order, if adopted, would obviate the requirement 
of this clause (Deschler's Precedents, vol. 6, ch. 21, sec. 16.11; Feb. 
4, 1993, p. 2500).


Sec. 1073. Consideration of Senate amendments in 
Committee of the Whole.

  While  a Senate amendment that is merely a 
modification of a House proposition, like the increase or decrease of 
the amount of an appropriation, and does not involve new and distinct 
expenditure, may not be required to be considered in Committee of the 
Whole (IV, 4797-4806; VIII, 2382-2385), where the question was raised 
against a Senate amendment which on its face apparently placed a charge 
upon the Treasury




[[Page 839]]




Sec. 1074. Stage of disagreement between Houses.

  When  the 
stage of disagreement has been reached on a bill with amendments of the 
other House, motions to dispose of said amendments are privileged in the 
House (clause 4 of rule XXII; IV, 3149, 3150; VI, 756; VIII, 3185, 
3194). The stage of disagreement between the two Houses is reached after 
the House in possession of the papers has either disagreed to the 
amendment(s) of the other House or has insisted on its own amendment to 
a measure of the other House (Sept. 16, 1976, p. 30868), and not merely 
where the other House has returned a bill with an amendment (Dec. 7, 
1977, p. 38728). Thus, where the House concurred in a Senate amendment 
to a House bill with an amendment, insisted on the amendment and 
requested a conference, and the Senate then concurred in the House 
amendment with a further amendment, the matter was privileged in the 
House for further disposition since the House had communicated its 
insistence and request for a conference to the Senate (Speaker Albert, 
Sept. 16, 1976, p. 30868).





Sec. 1075. Privilege when stage of disagreement 
reached.

  4.  When the stage of disagreement has been reached on a bill or 
resolution with House or Senate amendments, a motion to dispose of any 
amendment shall be privileged.



  This provision was adopted when the House recodified its rules in the 
106th Congress to codify the privilege of a motion to dispose of an 
amendment after the stage of disagreement has been reached (a practice 
described in Sec. 1074, supra) (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



Sec. 1076. Conferees may not agree to certain Senate 
amendments.

  5. (a)  Managers on the part of the House may not agree to a 
Senate amendment described in paragraph (b) unless specific authority to 
agree to the amendment first is given by the House by a separate vote 
with respect thereto. If specific authority is not granted, the Senate 
amendment shall be reported in disagreement by the conference committee 
back to the two Houses for disposition by separate motion.


  (b) The managers on the part of the House may not agree to a Senate 
amendment described in paragraph (a) that--

      (1) would violate clause 2(a)(1) or (c) of rule XXI if originating 
in the House; or


      (2) proposes an appropriation on a bill other than a general 
appropriation bill.

  This clause was adopted on June 1, 1920 (pp. 8109, 8120). Before the 
House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was 
found in former clause 2 of rule XX. The recodification also extended 
the rule to Senate amendments containing reappropriations of unexpended 
balances now referenced in clause 2(c) of rule XXI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).


[[Page 840]]

Senate amendment (Speaker Albert, Dec. 19, 1973, p. 42565), it does not 
permit a motion to recommit a conference report on a general 
appropriation bill to include instructions to add legislation to that 
contained in a Senate amendment (Nov. 13, 1973, p. 36847). It had been 
customary after a conference on a general appropriation bill with 
numbered Senate amendments for the managers to report certain Senate 
amendments in technical disagreement, and after the partial conference 
report (consisting of agreement on those Senate amendments not in 
violation of clause 2 of rule XXI) is disposed of, the remaining 
amendments are taken up in order and disposed of directly in the House 
by separate motion. When Senate amendments in disagreement are 
considered in this fashion, they are not subject to a point of order 
under this clause (Dec. 4, 1975, p. 38714); and a motion to (recede and) 
concur in the Senate amendment with a further amendment is also in 
order, even if the proposed amendment is also legislation on an 
appropriation bill. The only test is whether the proposed amendment is 
germane to the Senate amendment reported in disagreement (IV, 3909; 
VIII, 3188, 3189; Speaker McCormack, Dec. 15, 1970, p. 41504; Aug. 1, 
1979, pp. 22007-11; Speaker O'Neill, Dec. 12, 1979, p. 35520; June 30, 
1987, p. 18308). In recent years Senate amendments to House-passed 
general appropriation bills have been in the nature of a substitute, 
which are not divided for separate disposition in conference.
  While the rule provides for a motion authorizing the managers on the 
part of the House to agree to amendments of the Senate in violation of 
clause 2 of rule XXI, such as a motion to recommit a conference report 
on a general appropriation bill with instructions to agree to a 
legislative


[[Page 841]]

mitted to remain and which constitutes an appropriation on a legislative 
bill (Speaker Albert, May 1, 1975, p. 12752).
  In the event an appropriation bill with Senate amendments in violation 
of clause 2 of rule XXI is sent to conference by unanimous consent, such 
procedure does not thereby prevent a point of order being sustained 
against the conference report should the managers on the part of the 
House violate the provisions of this clause (VII, 1574). But where a 
special rule in the House waives points of order against portions of an 
appropriation bill that are unauthorized by law, and the bill passes the 
House with those provisions included therein and goes to conference, the 
conferees may report back their agreement to those provisions even 
though they remain unauthorized, since the waiver in the House of points 
of order under this clause carries over to the consideration of the same 
provisions when the conference report is before the House (Dec. 20, 
1969, pp. 40445-48, consideration of conference report; Dec. 9, 1969, p. 
37948, adoption of special rule waiving points of order against the bill 
in the House). The rule is a restriction upon the managers on the part 
of the House only, and does not provide for a point of order against a 
Senate amendment when it comes up for action by the House (VII, 1572). 
Managers may be authorized to agree to an appropriation by a resolution 
reported from the Committee on Rules (VII, 1577). House managers may 
include in their report a modification of a Senate amendment that 
eliminates the appropriation in that amendment (June 8, 1972, p. 20280); 
and the prohibition in this clause applies only to language in Senate 
amendments. Thus the conferees may without violating this clause agree 
to language in a Senate bill which was sent to conference (Speaker 
Albert, Jan. 25, 1972, pp. 1076, 1077; June 30, 1976, pp. 21632-34) or 
agree to language in a House bill which was per


  A provision in a Senate amendment included in a conference report on 
an authorization bill considered after the relevant appropriation has 
been enacted into law, directing that funds appropriated pursuant to the 
authorization be obligated and expended on a project not specifically 
funded in the appropriation, is itself an appropriation and may not be 
agreed to by House conferees (Nov. 29, 1979, pp. 34113-15); and House 
conferees were held to have violated this clause when they had agreed to 
a provision in a Senate amendment not only authorizing appropriations to 
pay judgments against the United States for the award of attorney fees 
and other court costs, but also requiring that where such payments were 
not paid out of appropriated funds, payment be made in the same manner 
as judgments under 28 U.S.C. 2414 and 2517 (payable directly out of the 
Treasury pursuant to a direct appropriation previously provided by law 
in 31 U.S.C. 1304) (Oct. 1, 1980, pp. 28637-40).


  6. A Senate amendment carrying a tax or tariff measure in violation of 
clause 5(a) of rule XXI may not be agreed to.


Conference reports; amendments reported in disagreement
  This provision was adopted when the House recodified its rules in the 
106th Congress to reiterate the prohibition found in clause 5(a) of rule 
XXI against a bill or joint resolution carrying a tax or tariff measure 
not reported by the Committee on Ways and Means (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).




Sec. 1077. High privilege of conference reports; and form 
of accompanying statement.

  7. (a)  The presentation of a conference report 
shall be in order at any time except during a reading of the Journal or 
the conduct of a record vote, a vote by division, or a quorum call.


  The practice of giving conference reports privilege dates from 1850, 
having had its origin in a temporary rule. This practice was continued 
by rulings of the Chair until this rule was adopted in 1880 (V, 6443-
6446, 6454). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, this provision was found in former clause 1(a) of rule XXVIII 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). For the requirement of a tax 
complexity analysis in either the joint statement or the Record, see 
clause 11 of this rule.


[[Page 842]]

(2) while a bill is being read (V, 6448); (3) after the yeas and nays 
have been ordered (V, 6457); (4) after a vote by tellers and pending the 
question of ordering the yeas and nays, although it may not be presented 
while the House is dividing (V, 6447); (5) after the previous question 
has been demanded or ordered (V, 6449, 6450); (6) during a call of the 
House if a quorum be present (V, 6456); and (7) on Calendar Wednesday 
(VII, 907), but consideration of such reports yields to Calendar 
Wednesday business (VII, 899). It even takes precedence of: (1) the 
motion to reconsider (V, 5605); (2) the motion to go into the Committee 
of the Whole for consideration of general appropriation bills (VIII, 
3291); (3) consideration of District of Columbia business on Monday 
(VIII, 3292); (4) unfinished business (Speaker O'Neill, Oct. 4, 1978, p. 
33473); (5) a motion to adjourn (V, 6451-6453), although as soon as the 
report is presented the motion to adjourn may be put (V, 6451-6453); (6) 
a report from the Committee on Rules (V, 6449), and has been permitted 
to intervene when a special order provides that the House shall consider 
a certain bill ``until the same is disposed of'' (V, 6454). The 
consideration of a conference report may be interrupted, even in the 
midst of the reading of the statement, by the arrival of the hour 
previously fixed for a recess (V, 6524). Of course, a question of 
privilege which relates to the integrity of the House as an agency for 
action may not be required to yield precedence to a matter entitled to 
priority merely by the rules relating to the order of business (V, 
6454).
  Under the language of the rule a conference report may be presented: 
(1) while a Member is occupying the floor in debate (V, 6451; VIII 
3294);

  The question of consideration under clause 3 of rule XVI may be 
demanded against a conference report before points of order against the 
report are raised (VIII, 2439; Speaker Albert, Sept. 28, 1976, p. 
33019). The motion to lay on the table may not be applied to a 
conference report (V, 6540). The Chair will not recognize for a 
unanimous consent request to correct a conference report, including the 
joint statement of managers, as it is a joint report to the two Houses 
(Oct. 3, 2000, p. ----).

  While the rule provides that the managers of the House asking for 
conference shall leave the papers with the managers of the other 
(Sec. Sec. 555-556, supra), if the managers on the part of the House 
agreeing to a conference surrender the papers to the House asking the 
conference, the report may be received first by the House asking the 
conference (VIII, 3330).


  For further discussion of conference reports, see provisions of 
Jefferson's Manual at Sec. Sec. 527-559, supra.



Sec. 1078. Time for debate on motions to 
instruct.

  (b)(1)  Subject to subparagraph (2) the time allotted for debate on 
a motion to instruct managers on the part of the House shall be equally 
divided between the majority and minority parties.



[[Page 843]]

Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner of the other party identified 
under subparagraph (1) both support the motion, one-third of the time 
for debate thereon shall be allotted to a Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner who opposes the motion on demand of that Member, Delegate, 
or Resident Commissioner.

  (2) If the proponent of a motion to instruct managers on the part of 
the House and the


  This paragraph was added in the 101st Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 
1989, p. 72). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, it was found in former clause 1(b) of rule XXVIII (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). The division of debate time specified in this 
clause does not apply to an amendment to a motion after defeat of the 
previous question thereon, and the proponent of such an amendment is 
recognized for one hour under clause 2 of rule XVII (former clause 2 of 
rule XIV) (Oct. 3, 1989, p. 22863; July 14, 1993, p. 15668; Aug. 1, 
1994, p. 18868). The proponent of a motion to instruct conferees has the 
right to close debate (July 28, 1994, p. 18405; July 26, 1996, p. 
19450).



Sec. 1079. Motions privileged after 20 calendar days of 
conference.

  (c)(1)  A motion to instruct managers on the part of the House, or 
a motion to discharge all managers on the part of the House and to 
appoint new conferees, shall be privileged after a conference committee 
has been appointed for 20 calendar days without making a report, but 
only on the day after the calendar day on which the Member, Delegate, or 
Resident Commissioner offering the motion announces to the House his 
intention to do so and the form of the motion.


  (2) The Speaker may designate a time in the legislative schedule on 
that legislative day for consideration of a motion described in 
subparagraph (1).


[[Page 844]]

  (3) During the last six days of a session of Congress, the period of 
time specified in subparagraph (1)(A) shall be 36 hours.


  (d) Instructions to conferees in a motion to instruct or in a motion 
to recommit to conference may not include argument.

  Paragraph (c) (former clause 1(c) of rule XXVIII) was adopted December 
8, 1931 (VIII, 3225). The notice requirement was added on January 3, 
1989 (H. Res. 5, 101st Cong., p. 72), and amended on January 5, 1993 (H. 
Res. 5, 103d Cong., p. 49) to clarify that both the motion to discharge 
conferees and appoint new conferees and the motion to instruct conferees 
after 20 days in conference are subject to one day's notice, and to 
authorize the Speaker to designate a time in that day's legislative 
schedule for the consideration of a noticed motion to discharge or 
instruct conferees. Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, paragraph (c) was found in former clause 1(c) of rule XXVIII 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Recodification resulted in certain 
unintended changes to paragraph (c), and the paragraph was restored to 
its original intent in the 107th Congress (sec. 2(r), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 
2001, p. ----). Paragraph (d) was added in the 107th Congress (sec. 
2(r), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).


  The motion to instruct conferees under this clause may be repeated 
notwithstanding prior disposition of an identical motion to instruct, 
since any number of proper motions to instruct are in order after 
conferees have not reported within 20 days (Speaker Albert, July 22, 
1974, p. 24448; July 10, 1985, p. 18440), and the motion remains 
available when a conference report, filed after 20 or more days in 
conference, is recommitted by the first House to act thereon, since the 
conferees are not discharged and the original conference remains in 
being (June 28, 1990, p. 16156). A motion under this clause may instruct 
House conferees to insist on holding conference sessions under just and 
fair conditions, and in executive session if desirable (Aug. 1, 1935, p. 
12272), and may instruct House conferees to meet with Senate conferees 
(May 2, 1984, p. 10732). The motion to instruct conferees under this 
clause is of equal privilege with the motion to suspend the rules on a 
suspension day (Mar. 1, 1988, pp. 2749, 2751, 2754). The motion to 
adjourn is in order while a motion to instruct under this paragraph is 
pending (Sept. 30, 1997, p. ----), and, if such a motion to adjourn is 
adopted, the motion to instruct is rendered unfinished business on the 
next day without need for further notice under this paragraph (Oct. 1, 
1997, p. ----). Under clause 8(a)(2)(C) of rule XX, proceedings may not 
resume on a postponed question of agreeing to a 20-day motion to 
instruct conferees after the managers have filed a conference report in 
the House (Oct. 19, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 845]]

ment prepared jointly by the managers on the part of the House and the 
managers on the part of the Senate. The joint explanatory statement 
shall be sufficiently detailed and explicit to inform the House of the 
effects of the report on the matters committed to conference.



Sec. 1080. The statement accompanying a conference 
report.

  (e)  Each conference report to the House shall be printed as a 
report of the House. Each such report shall be accompanied by a joint 
explanatory state


  The original rule requiring the submission of a statement was adopted 
in 1880 (V, 6443) and remained in effect through the 91st Congress. The 
precedents carried in this annotation are in interpretation of that 
earlier rule, which required only that the statement be signed by a 
majority of the House managers (V, 6505, 6506) and did not anticipate a 
statement jointly prepared by the managers on the part of the House and 
those on the part of the Senate. The rule was revised in the Legislative 
Reorganization Act of 1970 (sec. 125(b); 84 Stat. 1140) and made a part 
of the standing Rules of the House in its present form in the 92d 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). Before the House recodified 
its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former 
clause 1(d) of rule XXVIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

  The Speaker may require the statement to be in proper form (V, 6513), 
but it is for the House and not the Speaker to determine whether or not 
it conforms to the rule in other respects (V, 6511, 6512). A report may 
not be received without the accompanying statement (V, 6504, 6514, 
6515). A quorum among the managers on the part of the House at a 
committee of conference is established by their signatures on the 
conference report and joint explanatory statement (Oct. 4, 1994, p. 
27662). When the House by unanimous consent permitted the chairman of a 
House committee to insert in the Record extraneous material to 
supplement a joint statement of managers, the Chair announced that the 
insertion did not constitute a revised joint statement of managers (Oct. 
10, 1998, p. ----).




Sec. 1081. Unfunded mandates.

  The  Unfunded Mandates Reform 
Act of 1995 (P.L. 104-4; 109 Stat. 48) added a new part B to title IV of 
the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 658-658g) that requires a 
committee of conference to ensure that the Director of that Office 
prepares a statement with respect to unfunded costs of any additional 
Federal mandate contained in the conference agreement. See Sec. 1127, 
infra.




Sec. 1082. Layover requirements.

  8. (a)(1)  Except as 
specified in subparagraph (2), it shall not be in order to consider a 
conference report until--



[[Page 846]]

the House is in session on such a day) on which the conference report 
and the accompanying joint explanatory statement have been available to 
Members, Delegates, and the Resident Commissioner in the Congressional 
Record; and
      (A) the third calendar day (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, or legal 
holidays except when

      (B) copies of the conference report and the accompanying joint 
explanatory statement have been available to Members, Delegates, and the 
Resident Commissioner for at least two hours.


  (2) Subparagraph (1)(A) does not apply during the last six days of a 
session of Congress.

  The original rule (former clause 2(a) of rule XXVIII) requiring that 
conference reports be printed in the Record was adopted in 1902 (V, 
6516). The three-day layover requirement, as well as the provisions 
relating to the availability of copies of the conference report and the 
division of time for debate, were added by section 125(b) of the 
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 and made part of the rules in the 
92d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144). The paragraph was 
amended again the next year to clarify the manner of counting the three 
days for the layover period (H. Res. 1153, Oct. 13, 1972, p. 36023). In 
the 104th Congress it was amended once more to count as a ``calendar 
day'' any day on which the House is in session (H. Res. 254, Nov. 30, 
1995, p. 35077). The paragraph was amended in the 94th Congress (Feb. 
26, 1976, p. 4625) to require copies of conference reports to be 
available for two hours before consideration and to allow for the 
immediate consideration of a resolution from the Committee on Rules 
waiving that requirement (clause 8(e)). Before the House recodified its 
rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 
2(a) of rule XXVIII. At that time the portion of clause 2(a) permitting 
immediate consideration of a resolution reported by the Rules Committee 
only waiving the layover requirement was tranferred to clause 8(e) and 
the portion of clause 2(a) addressing debate was transferred to clause 
8(d) (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



[[Page 847]]


  For an example of a resolution reported by the Committee on Rules only 
waiving the availability requirement of this clause and called up the 
same day reported without a two-thirds vote, see Aug. 10, 1984 (p. 
23978). When managers report that they have been unable to agree, the 
report is not acted on by the House (V, 6562; VIII, 3329; Aug. 23, 1957, 
p. 15816).



Sec. 1083. Consideration of amendments in 
disagreement.

  (b)(1)  Except as specified in subparagraph (2), it shall not be 
in order to consider a motion to dispose of a Senate amendment reported 
in disagreement by a conference committee until--


      (A) the third calendar day (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, or legal 
holidays except when the House is in session on such a day) on which the 
report in disagreement and any accompanying statement have been 
available to Members, Delegates, and the Resident Commissioner in the 
Congressional Record; and

      (B) copies of the report in disagreement and any accompanying 
statement, together with the text of the Senate amendment, have been 
available to Members, Delegates, and the Resident Commissioner for at 
least two hours.


  (2) Subparagraph (1)(A) does not apply during the last six days of a 
session of Congress.


[[Page 848]]

  This provision (former clause 2(b)(1) of rule XXVIII), relating to the 
consideration of amendments reported from conference in disagreement, 
was added in 1972 (H. Res. 1153, Oct. 13, 1972, p. 36023) and became 
effective at the end of the 92d Congress. In the 94th Congress the 
provision was amended to require copies of amendments reported from 
conference in disagreement to be available for two hours before 
consideration and to allow for the immediate consideration of a 
resolution from the Committee on Rules waiving that requirement (H. Res. 
868, Feb. 26, 1976, p. 4625). In the 104th Congress the provision was 
amended to count as a ``calendar day'' any day on which the House is in 
session (H. Res. 254, Nov. 30, 1995, p. 35077). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former clause 2(b)(1) of rule XXVIII. At that time the portion of clause 
2(b)(1) addressing debate was transferred to clause 8(d) of rule XXII, 
and the portion of clause 2(b)(1) permitting immediate consideration of 
a resolution reported by the Rules Committee only waiving the layover 
requirement was transferred to clause 8(e) of this rule (H. Res. 5, Jan. 
6, 1999, p. ----).


  Until the adoption of paragraph (b), a report in total disagreement 
was not printed in the Record before the amendment in disagreement was 
again taken up in the House (VIII, 3299, 3332).




Sec. 1084. Certain motions to insist as 
preferential.

  (3)  During consideration of a Senate amendment reported in 
disagreement by a conference committee on a general appropriation bill, 
a motion to insist on disagreement to the Senate amendment shall be 
preferential to any other motion to dispose of that amendment if the 
original motion offered by the floor manager proposes to change existing 
law and the motion to insist is offered before debate on the original 
motion by the chairman of the committee having jurisdiction of the 
subject matter of the amendment or a designee. Such a preferential 
motion shall be separately debatable for one hour equally divided 
between its proponent and the proponent of the original motion. The 
previous question shall be considered as ordered on the preferential 
motion to its adoption without intervening motion.




[[Page 849]]


  This provision was added in the 103d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 
1993, p. 49) to make preferential and separately debatable a motion to 
insist on disagreement to a Senate amendment to a general appropriation 
bill, if: (1) the Senate amendment has been reported from conference in 
disagreement; (2) the original motion to dispose of the Senate amendment 
proposes to change existing law; and (3) the motion to insist is timely 
offered by the chairman of a committee of jurisdiction or a designee. 
Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was found in former clause 2(b)(2) of rule XXVIII (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). The Committee on Post Office and Civil Service 
(now Government Reform) has jurisdiction under clause 1 of rule X over 
the subject of a Senate legislative amendment entitling Forest Service 
employees to separation pay, enabling the chairman of that committee to 
offer a preferential motion to insist under this clause (Oct. 20, 1993, 
p. 25589).




Sec. 1085. Certain conference reports considered as 
read.

  (c)  A conference report or a Senate amendment reported in 
disagreement by a conference committee that has been available as 
provided in paragraph (a) or (b) shall be considered as read when called 
up.



  Paragraph (c) was added in the 96th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 
1979, pp. 7-16). Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th 
Congress, this provision was found in former clause 2(c) of rule XXVIII 
(H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



Sec. 1086. Debate.

  (d)(1)  Subject to subparagraph (2), the 
time allotted for debate on a conference report or on a motion to 
dispose of a Senate amendment reported in disagreement by a conference 
committee shall be equally divided between the majority and minority 
parties.



  (2) If the floor manager for the majority and the floor manager for 
the minority both support the conference report or motion, one-third of 
the time for debate thereon shall be allotted to a Member, Delegate, or 
Resident Commissioner who opposes the conference report or motion on 
demand of that Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner.

  This provision was adopted in the 99th Congress as former clauses 2(a) 
and 2(b)(1) of rule XXVIII (H. Res. 7, Jan. 3, 1985, p. 393). When the 
House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, those provisions 
addressing debate in clause 2(a) and 2(b)(1) were consolidated into this 
provision (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).


[[Page 850]]

falls to the majority manager calling up the conference report, preceded 
by the minority manager, preceded in turn by the Member in opposition--
i.e., the reverse order of the recognition to begin debate (Aug. 4, 
1989, p. 19301).
  Recognition of one Member in opposition does not depend upon party 
affiliation and is within the discretion of the Speaker (Dec. 11, 1985, 
p. 36069; Dec. 16, 1985, p. 36716; Oct. 15, 1986, p. 31631), who accords 
priority in recognition to a member of the conference committee (Speaker 
Wright, Dec. 21, 1987, pp. 37093, 37516). The Chair will assume that the 
minority manager supports a conference report if the manager signed the 
report and is not immediately present to claim the contrary (Oct. 12, 
1995, p. 27795). Where the time is divided three ways, the right to 
close debate

  Following rejection of a conference report on a point of order, debate 
on a motion to dispose of the Senate amendment remaining in disagreement 
is evenly divided between the majority and minority under the rationale 
contained in this provision (Speaker Albert, Sept. 30, 1976, pp. 34074-
34100).

  The custom has developed, however, of equally dividing between 
majority and minority parties the time on all motions to dispose of 
amendments emerging from conference in disagreement, whether reported in 
disagreement or before the House upon rejection of a conference report 
by a vote or on a point of order (Speaker Albert, Sept. 27, 1976, pp. 
32719-26; Sept. 30, 1976, pp. 34074-34100), upon rejection of an initial 
motion to dispose of the amendment (July 2, 1980, pp. 18357-59; Aug. 6, 
1993, p. 19582), on a motion to concur in a new Senate amendment where 
the Senate had receded with an amendment from one of its amendments 
reported from conference in disagreement (Mar. 24, 1983, p. 7301), or on 
a motion to dispose of a further stage of amendment which is 
subsequently before the House (Aug. 1, 1985, p. 22561; Dec. 19, 1985, p. 
38360). A Member offering a preferential motion does not thereby control 
one-half of the time, as all debate is allotted under the original 
motion (May 14, 1975, p. 14385). The minority Member in charge controls 
30 minutes for debate only and can only yield to other Members for 
debate (Dec. 4, 1975, p. 38716). Where time for debate on such a motion 
is equally divided, the previous question may not be moved by the Member 
first recognized so as to prevent the Member from the other party from 
controlling half the debate and from offering a proper preferential 
motion to dispose of the Senate amendment (July 2, 1980, p. 18360). The 
right to close the debate on a motion to dispose of an amendment where 
the time is divided three ways falls to the manager offering the motion 
(Nov. 21, 1989, p. 30814).


  The division of time for debate on a motion to dispose of a Senate 
amendment reported from conference in disagreement under this provision 
does not extend to separate debate on an amendment thereto, which is 
governed by the general hour rule in the House (clause 2 of rule XVII) 
(Sept. 17, 1992, p. 25437).


[[Page 851]]

considered by the House on the same day it is reported by the Committee 
on Rules.



Sec. 1087. Waiver.

  (e)  Under clause 6(a)(2) of rule XIII, a 
resolution proposing only to waive a requirement of this clause 
concerning the availability of reports to Members, Delegates, and the 
Resident Commissioner may be



  This provision was adopted in the 94th Congress to former clauses 2(a) 
and 2(b)(1) of rule XXVIII (Feb. 26, 1976, p. 4625). When the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, those provisions in former 
clauses 2(a) and 2(b)(1) permitting immediate consideration of a 
resolution from the Committee on Rules only waiving the layover 
requirement were consolidated into this provision (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).




Sec. 1088. Conferees may report germane modification of 
amendment in nature of substitute within scope of 
differences.

  9.  Whenever a disagreement to an amendment has been 
committed to a conference committee, the managers on the part of the 
House may propose a substitute that is a germane modification of the 
matter in disagreement. The introduction of any language presenting 
specific additional matter not committed to the conference committee by 
either House does not constitute a germane modification of the matter in 
disagreement. Moreover, a conference report may not include matter not 
committed to the conference committee by either House and may not 
include a modification of specific matter committed to the conference 
committee by either or both Houses if that modification is beyond the 
scope of that specific matter as committed to the conference committee.



[[Page 852]]

of such deletion results in broadening the scope of the matter in 
disagreement (Dec. 14, 1971, p. 46779). Where one House authorizes 
certain funds for a fiscal year and the other House authorizes a lesser 
amount for that year as well as additional funds for the subsequent 
year, and neither version contains an overall amount, House managers do 
not exceed their authority under this rule by including in the report 
the amount authorized by one House for the first year and the other 
House for the subsequent year, even though the total authorization 
resulting from this compromise exceeds that possible under either 
version (June 8, 1972, p. 20281). Where a House version authorized 
endowment payments for certain colleges and the Senate version conferred 
land-grant college status on those institutions and contained a higher 
endowment figure, House conferees remained within their authority under 
this clause by accepting the Senate provision on land-grant status and 
the lower House figure for endowment payments (Speaker Albert, June 8, 
1972, p. 20280). Where the House version of a bill contained provisions 
for local funding of merit schools, but neither version contained a 
provision for State funding, a motion to recommit to conference with 
instructions to provide State funding for merit schools was held to 
exceed the scope of the differences committed to conference (Sept. 30, 
1992, p. 29126).
  This provision (former clause 3 of rule XXVIII) is derived from 
section 135(a) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 
812) and originally was made a part of the standing rules on January 3, 
1953 (p. 24). The clause was revised on January 22, 1971 (p. 144) 
following the passage of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (84 
Stat. 1140) which carried a similar provision in section 125(b). Before 
the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was 
found in former clause 3 of rule XXVIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. --
--). Where one House strikes out of a bill of the other all after the 
enacting clause and inserts a new text, House managers, under the 
restrictions of this clause, may not agree to the deletion of certain 
language committed to conference if the effect

  While the scope of differences committed to conference--where one 
House has amended an existing law and the other House has implicitly 
taken the position of existing law by remaining silent on the subject--
may properly be measured between those issues presented in the amending 
language and comparable provisions of existing law, the inclusion in a 
conference report of new matter not specifically contained in the 
amending version and not demonstrably contained in existing law may be 
ruled out as an additional issue not committed to conference in 
violation of this clause (Speaker Albert, Dec. 20, 1974, p. 41849). Thus 
where one House has amended an existing law and the other House has 
implicitly taken the position of existing law by only authorizing sums 
for the purpose of existing law, the scope of differences committed to 
conference may be measured between issues presented in the amending 
language and relevant provisions of the existing law; but the inclusion 
in a conference report of requirements and issues incorporated into 
existing law which were not contained in either version and which are 
not repetitive of existing law may be ruled out in violation of this 
paragraph (Speaker O'Neill, Oct. 14, 1977, pp. 33770-73).


[[Page 853]]

of the House version (Speaker Albert, May 1, 1975, p. 12752). The 
conferees may include language clarifying and limiting the duties 
imposed on an official by one House's version where that modification 
does not expand the authority conferred in that version or contained in 
existing law (the position of the other House) (Speaker Albert, July 29, 
1975, p. 25515) and may confer broader authority on an official than 
that contained in one House's version if such authority is coextensive 
with the authority contained in existing law which the other House has 
retained (Apr. 13, 1976, p. 10803). Where the Senate version authorized 
citizen suits to enforce existing law except where Federal officials 
were pursuing enforcement proceedings and the House version, with no 
comparable provision, retained existing law which did not permit such 
suits, the conferees exceeded the scope of the differences by further 
prohibiting citizen suits where State officials were pursuing 
enforcement proceedings--a new exception allowing State preemption of 
citizen suits (Sept. 27, 1976, p. 33019). A point of order was sustained 
against a motion to instruct conferees since directing the conferees to 
agree to matter violating this clause: the House bill created an energy 
trust fund composed of certain revenues to be distributed by subsequent 
legislation; the Senate amendment created a similar trust fund with 
suggested but not mandated distribution, and the motion directed House 
conferees to insist on a mandatory allocation of revenues in question 
among specified purposes, some of which were not addressed in the Senate 
amendment (Feb. 28, 1980, p. 4304).
  A mere change in phraseology in a conference report (from language in 
either the House or Senate version) may be permitted to achieve 
legislative consistency where it is not shown that its effect is to 
broaden the scope of the language beyond the differences committed to 
conference, as where the report waives provisions of law for all 
programs in the bill and the House version waives those provisions for 
one section of the bill only (the Senate having no comparable provision) 
but the scope of programs covered by the report was coextensive with 
those in the designated section


[[Page 854]]

to instructions contained in a motion to recommit such measure to 
conference (Sept. 29, 1994, p. 26781). Some latitude does remain to 
House managers to eliminate specific words or phrases contained in 
either version and add words or phrases not included in either version 
so long as they remain within the scope of the differences committed to 
conference and do not incorporate additional topics, issues, or 
propositions not committed to conference (Speaker Albert, Sept. 28, 
1976, pp. 33020-23).

  Prior to the 1971 revision of this clause, where one House struck out 
of a bill of the other all after the enacting clause and inserted a new 
text, conferees could discard language occurring both in the bill and 
substitute (VIII, 3266) and exercise broad discretion in incorporating 
germane amendments (VIII, 3263-3265), even to the extent of reporting a 
new bill germane to the subject (V, 6421, 6423, 6424; VIII, 3248). 
However, the present language of the rule prohibits the inclusion in a 
conference report or in a motion to instruct House conferees of 
additional topics not committed to conference by either House or beyond 
the scope of the differences committed to conference; and the precedents 
predating the adoption of this clause in 1971 must be read in light of 
the explicit restrictions now contained in the clause (Sept. 27, 1976, 
p. 32719). As such, a conference report may not include a new topic or 
issue that, although germane, was not committed to conference by either 
House (Mar. 25, 1992, p. 6843; Apr. 9, 1992, p. 9022). For example, a 
motion to instruct conferees on a general appropriation bill may not 
instruct the conferees to include a funding limitation not contained in 
the House bill or Senate amendment (Sept. 13, 1994, p. 24402). 
Similarly, a motion to recommit a conference report may not instruct 
conferees to expand definitions to include classes not covered under the 
House bill or Senate amendment (Sept. 29, 1994, p. 26781) or to include 
provisions not contained in the House bill or Senate amendment (Dec. 21, 
1995, p. 38138). A waiver of all points of order against a conference 
report to accompany a measure and against its consideration does not 
inure



Sec. 1089. Nongermane matter in conference 
agreements and amendments in disagreement.

  10. (a)(1)  A Member, Delegate, or 
Resident Commissioner may raise a point of order against nongermane 
matter, as specified in subparagraph (2), before the commencement of 
debate on--


      (A) a conference report;

      (B) a motion that the House recede from its disagreement to a 
Senate amendment reported in disagreement by a conference committee and 
concur therein, with or without amendment; or

      (C) a motion that the House recede from its disagreement to a 
Senate amendment on which the stage of disagreement has been reached and 
concur therein, with or without amendment.

  (2) A point of order against nongermane matter is one asserting that a 
proposition described in subparagraph (1) contains specified matter that 
would violate clause 7 of rule XVI if it were offered in the House as an 
amendment to the underlying measure in the form it was passed by the 
House.


[[Page 855]]

batable for 40 minutes, one-half in favor of the motion and one-half in 
opposition thereto.
  (b) If a point of order under paragraph (a) is sustained, a motion 
that the House reject the nongermane matter identified by the point of 
order shall be privileged. Such a motion is de

  (c) After disposition of a point of order under paragraph (a) or a 
motion to reject under paragraph (b), any further points of order under 
paragraph (a) not covered by a previous point of order, and any 
consequent motions to reject under paragraph (b), shall be likewise 
disposed of.

  (d)(1) If a motion to reject under paragraph (b) is adopted, then 
after disposition of all points of order under paragraph (a) and any 
consequent motions to reject under paragraph (b), the conference report 
or motion, as the case may be, shall be considered as rejected and the 
matter remaining in disagreement shall be disposed of under subparagraph 
(2) or (3), as the case may be.

  (2) After the House has adopted one or more motions to reject 
nongermane matter contained in a conference report under the preceding 
provisions of this clause--

      (A) if the conference report accompanied a House measure amended 
by the Senate, the pending question shall be whether the House shall 
recede and concur in the Senate amendment with an amendment consisting 
of so much of the conference report as was not rejected; and


[[Page 856]]

      (B) if the conference report accompanied a Senate measure amended 
by the House, the pending question shall be whether the House shall 
insist further on the House amendment.

  (3) After the House has adopted one or more motions to reject 
nongermane matter contained in a motion that the House recede and concur 
in a Senate amendment, with or without amendment, the following motions 
shall be privileged and shall have precedence in the order stated:

      (A) A motion that the House recede and concur in the Senate 
amendment with an amendment in writing then available on the floor.

      (B) A motion that the House insist on its disagreement to the 
Senate amendment and request a further conference with the Senate.

      (C) A motion that the House insist on its disagreement to the 
Senate amendment.


  (e) If, on a division of the question on a motion described in 
paragraph (a)(1)(B) or (C), the House agrees to recede, then a Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may raise a point of order against 
nongermane matter, as specified in paragraph (a)(2), before the 
commencement of debate on concurring in the Senate amendment, with or 
without amendment. A point of order under this paragraph shall be 
disposed of according to the preceding provisions of this clause in the 
same manner as a point of order under paragraph (a).


[[Page 857]]

amendments in disagreement) was added on April 9, 1974 (H. Res. 998, 93d 
Cong., pp. 10195-99) which deleted from clause 1 of rule XX and 
transferred to former clause 5 of rule XXVIII the procedures concerning 
disposition of Senate nongermane amendments. The provision was amended 
on April 9, 1974 (H. Res. 998, 93d Cong., pp. 10195-99) in order to make 
this clause applicable to provisions originally contained in Senate 
bills sent to conference, and not merely to Senate amendments to House 
bills in conference. The provision was further amended in the 96th 
Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 1979, pp. 7-16) to provide that if the 
conference report is considered read under this rule, a point of order 
under this clause must be made immediately upon consideration of the 
conference report. When the House recodified its rules, it consolidated 
former clauses 4 and 5 of rule XXVIII under this clause (H. Res. 5, Jan. 
6, 1999, p. ----).
  This provision (former clause 4 of rule XXVIII addressing nongermane 
matter in conference reports) was included as part of the revision of 
former rules XX and XXVIII that took place effective at the end of the 
92d Congress (H. Res. 1153, Oct. 13, 1972, p. 36023). The same 
resolution repealed the former clause 3 of rule XX, which had been 
enacted as part of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 to 
restrict the authority of House conferees to agree without prior 
permission of the House to Senate amendments that would violate clause 7 
of rule XVI if offered in the House. This provision (former clause 5 of 
rule XXVIII addressing nongermane matter in



Sec. 1090. Nongermane matter in conference 
agreements.

  The  procedure provided in this clause for addressing 
nongermane matter in conference reports was first utilized on September 
11, 1973 (pp. 29243-46), when the Chair sustained two points of order 
against portions of a conference report which were modifications of 
portions of a Senate amendment in the nature of a substitute not germane 
to a House bill. If any motion to reject is adopted under this clause 
and the matter then pending before the House consists of numbered Senate 
amendments in disagreement, the pending question is whether to dispose 
of each Senate amendment not rejected as recommended in the conference 
report and to insist on disagreement to those amendments which have been 
rejected.


  Where a point of order against a portion of a conference report has 
been sustained under this clause, the Speaker will not entertain another 
point of order against the report or against another portion thereof 
until a motion to reject the portion held nongermane (if made) has been 
disposed of (Speaker Albert, Dec. 15, 1975, p. 40671). The Member 
representing the conference committee in opposition to a motion to 
reject under this clause, and not the proponent of the motion, has the 
right to close debate thereon (Oct. 15, 1986, p. 31502).

  Once a motion to reject a nongermane portion has been adopted by the 
House and the Speaker has recognized a Member to offer a motion 
comprising the pending question under this clause, the report is 
rejected and it is too late to make a point of order against the entire 
conference report under clause 9 (former clause 3) of this rule (Speaker 
Albert, Dec. 15, 1975, p. 40671).


[[Page 858]]

  Where possible, the Speaker rules on points of order against 
conference reports which if sustained will vitiate the entire conference 
report (as under clause 9 of this rule or under the Congressional Budget 
Act) before entertaining points of order under this clause (Speaker 
Albert, Sept. 23, 1976, p. 32099).




Sec. 1091. Nongermane matter in amendments in 
disagreement.

  The  provisions of this clause addressing nongermane matter 
in amendments in disagreement was first utilized on July 31, 1974 (p. 
26083), when the Chair sustained a point of order against a portion of a 
motion to recede and concur in a Senate amendment (reported from 
conference in disagreement) with a further amendment, on the ground that 
that portion of the Senate amendment contained in the motion was not 
germane to the House-passed measure, and a motion rejecting that portion 
of the motion to recede and concur with an amendment was offered and 
defeated. This clause is not applicable to a provision contained in a 
motion to recede and concur with an amendment which was not contained in 
any form in the Senate version and which is not therefore a modification 
of the Senate provision, the only requirement in such circumstances 
being that the motion as a whole be germane to the Senate amendment as a 
whole under clause 7 of rule XVI (Oct. 4, 1978, p. 33502; June 30, 1987, 
p. 18294). A point of order under clause 4 (former clause 5(a)) of rule 
XXI (appropriations on a legislative bill) against a motion to dispose 
of a Senate amendment in disagreement which, if sustained, would vitiate 
the entire motion, must be disposed of prior to a point of order against 
a nongermane amendment in disagreement under this clause which, if 
sustained, would merely permit a separate vote on rejection of that 
portion of the motion (Oct. 1, 1980, pp. 28638-42).




Sec. 1092. Tax complexity analysis.

  11.  It shall not be in 
order to consider a conference report to accompany a bill or joint 
resolution that proposes to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 
unless--


      (a) the joint explanatory statement of the managers includes a tax 
complexity analysis prepared by the Joint Committee on Internal Revenue 
Taxation in accordance with section 4022(b) of the Internal Revenue 
Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998; or


      (b) the chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means causes such a 
tax complexity analysis to be printed in the Congressional Record before 
consideration of the conference report.


[[Page 859]]

When the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this 
provision was transferred to clause 11 of rule XXII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----).

  The Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Form Act of 1998 (sec. 
4022, P.L. 105-206) added this provision as a new clause 7 of rule 
XXVIII.



Sec. 1093. Open conference meetings.

  12. (a)(1)  Subject to 
subparagraph (2), a meeting of each conference committee shall be open 
to the public.


  (2) In open session of the House, a motion that managers on the part 
of the House be permitted to close to the public a meeting or meetings 
of their conference committee shall be privileged, shall be decided 
without debate, and shall be decided by a record vote.


  (b) A point of order that a conference committee failed to comply with 
paragraph (a) may be raised immediately after the conference report is 
read or considered as read. If such a point of order is sustained, the 
conference report shall be considered as rejected, the House shall be 
considered to have insisted on its amendments or on disagreement to the 
Senate amendments, as the case may be, and to have requested a further 
conference with the Senate, and the Speaker may appoint new conferees 
without intervening motion.


[[Page 860]]

of order under this clause must be made immediately upon consideration 
of the conference report. Before the House recodified its rules in the 
106th Congress, this provision was found in former clause 6 of rule 
XXVIII (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).
  This clause as originally added to former rule XXVIII on January 14, 
1975 (H. Res. 5, 94th Cong., p. 20) provided that conference committee 
meetings be open except where a majority of the managers of the House or 
Senate voted to close the meeting, and provided that the clause not 
become effective until the Senate adopted a similar rule. The Senate 
adopted an identical rule on November 5, 1975 (p. 35203). The clause was 
substantially changed on January 4, 1977 (H. Res. 5, 95th Cong., pp. 53-
70) to require that conference meetings be open except where the House 
by record vote determines that a meeting may be closed, to allow a point 
of order against a conference report where the conferees have violated 
this clause, and to provide for subsequent disposition of the matter 
reported from conference should such a point of order be sustained. It 
was further amended in the 96th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1979, pp. 
7-16) to provide that if the conference report is considered read under 
this rule, a point

  At any time after a bill has been sent to conference, a motion 
pursuant to this clause authorizing a conference committee to close its 
meetings to the public is privileged for consideration in the House, is 
debatable for one hour within the control of the Member offering the 
motion, and must be voted on by a record vote (Speaker O'Neill, May 23, 
1977, pp. 15880-84; Apr. 13, 1978, p. 10128). Although a motion to close 
a conference committee meeting ``to the public'' would, under the 
precedents (see V, 6254, fn.), exclude Members who were not conferees, a 
motion may be offered as privileged under this clause to authorize a 
conference committee to close its meetings to the public, except to 
Members of Congress (Speaker O'Neill, May 23, 1977, pp. 15880-84).

  While the Chair does not normally look behind signatures of conferees 
to determine the propriety of conference procedure, if proposed 
conferees have signed a conference report before they have been formally 
appointed in both Houses and do not meet formally in open session after 
such appointment, the conference report is subject to a point of order 
under this clause resulting in an automatic request for a further 
conference (Dec. 20, 1982, p. 32896). Conferees on the part of the House 
are entitled to reasonable notice of and opportunity to attend a meeting 
of the conference committee; however, such point of order will not lie 
against a conference report called up under an order of the House that 
has waived all points of order against consideration of the conference 
report (July 20, 2000, p. ----).


  Clause 11(k) of rule X provides that this provision does not apply to 
conference committee meetings respecting legislation (or any part 
thereof) reported by the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence.



 


Sec. 1094. Former rule on public debt limit.

  The  rule 
``Statutory Limit on Public Debt'' (formerly rule XLIX, later changed to 
rule XXIII) was repealed in the 107th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, 
p. ----). For the text of the former rule, and a recitation of its 
history, see Sec. 1094 of the House Rules and Manual for the 106th 
Congress (H. Doc. 105-358).


                               Rule XXIII


                        code of official conduct


[[Page 861]]

  There is hereby established by and for the House the following code of 
conduct, to be known as the ``Code of Official Conduct'':



Sec. 1095. Official conduct of Members, officers, or 
employees of the House.

      1.  A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, 
officer, or employee of the House shall conduct himself at all times in 
a manner that shall reflect creditably on the House.


      2. A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee 
of the House shall adhere to the spirit and the letter of the Rules of 
the House and to the rules of duly constituted committees thereof.

      3. A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee 
of the House may not receive compensation and may not permit 
compensation to accrue to his beneficial interest from any source, the 
receipt of which would occur by virtue of influence improperly exerted 
from his position in Congress.

      4. A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee 
of the House may not accept gifts except as provided by clause 5 of rule 
XXV.

      5. A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee 
of the House may not accept an honorarium for a speech, a writing for 
publication, or other similar activity, except as otherwise provided 
under rule XXV.

      6. A Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner--

          (a) shall keep his campaign funds separate from his personal 
funds;


[[Page 862]]

resenting reimbursement for legitimate and verifiable campaign 
expenditures; and
          (b) may not convert campaign funds to personal use in excess 
of an amount rep

          (c) may not expend funds from his campaign account that are 
not attributable to bona fide campaign or political purposes.

      7. A Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner shall treat as 
campaign contributions all proceeds from testimonial dinners or other 
fund-raising events.

      8. (a) A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, or officer of 
the House may not retain an employee who does not perform duties for the 
offices of the employing authority commensurate with the compensation he 
receives.

      (b) In the case of a committee employee who works under the direct 
supervision of a member of the committee other than a chairman, the 
chairman may require that such member affirm in writing that the 
employee has complied with clause 8(a) (subject to clause 9 of rule X) 
as evidence of compliance by the chairman with this clause and with 
clause 9 of rule X.

      (c)(1) Except as specified in subparagraph (2)--

          (A) a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not 
retain his spouse in a paid position; and


[[Page 863]]

          (B) an employee of the House may not accept compensation for 
work for a committee on which his spouse serves as a member.

      (2) Subparagraph (1) shall not apply in the case of a spouse whose 
pertinent employment predates the One Hundred Seventh Congress.

      9. A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee 
of the House may not discharge and may not refuse to hire an individual, 
or otherwise discriminate against an individual with respect to 
compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of 
the race, color, religion, sex (including marital or parental status), 
disability, age, or national origin of such individual, but may take 
into consideration the domicile or political affiliation of such 
individual.

      10. A Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner who has been 
convicted by a court of record for the commission of a crime for which a 
sentence of two or more years' imprisonment may be imposed should 
refrain from participation in the business of each committee of which he 
is a member, and a Member should refrain from voting on any question at 
a meeting of the House or of the Committee of the Whole House on the 
state of the Union, unless or until judicial or executive proceedings 
result in reinstatement of the presumption of his innocence or until he 
is reelected to the House after the date of such conviction.


[[Page 864]]

to use the words ``Congress of the United States,'' ``House of 
Representatives,'' or ``Official Business,'' or any combination of words 
thereof, on any letterhead or envelope.
      11. A Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not authorize 
or otherwise allow an individual, group, or organization not under the 
direction and control of the House

      12. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b), an employee of the 
House who is required to file a report under rule XXVI may not 
participate personally and substantially as an employee of the House in 
a contact with an agency of the executive or judicial branches of 
Government with respect to nonlegislative matters affecting any 
nongovernmental person in which the employee has a significant financial 
interest.

      (b) Paragraph (a) does not apply if an employee first advises his 
employing authority of a significant financial interest described in 
paragraph (a) and obtains from his employing authority a written waiver 
stating that the participation of the employee in the activity described 
in paragraph (a) is necessary. A copy of each such waiver shall be filed 
with the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct.

      13. Before a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or 
employee of the House may have access to classified information, the 
following oath (or affirmation) shall be executed:


[[Page 865]]

ized by the House of Representatives or in accordance with its Rules.''
          ``I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will not disclose any 
classified information received in the course of my service with the 
House of Representatives, except as author

    Copies of the executed oath (or affirmation) shall be retained by 
the Clerk as part of the records of the House. The Clerk shall make 
signatures a matter of public record, causing the names of each Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner who has signed the oath during a week 
(if any) to be published in a portion of the Congressional Record 
designated for that purpose on the last legislative day of the week and 
making cumulative lists of such names available each day for public 
inspection in an appropriate office of the House.

      14. (a) In this Code of Official Conduct, the term ``officer or 
employee of the House'' means an individual whose compensation is 
disbursed by the Chief Administrative Officer.


      (b) An individual whose services are compensated by the House 
pursuant to a consultant contract shall be considered an employee of the 
House for purposes of clauses 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, and 13 of this rule. An 
individual whose services are compensated by the House pursuant to a 
consultant contract may not lobby the contracting committee or the 
members or staff of the contracting committee on any matter. Such an 
individual may lobby other Members, Delegates, or the Resident 
Commissioner or staff of the House on matters outside the jurisdiction 
of the contracting committee.


[[Page 866]]

It was again redesignated as rule XXIII in the 107th Congress (sec. 
2(s), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). The rule was originally adopted 
in the 90th Congress (H. Res. 1099, Apr. 3, 1968, p. 8803). The 
jurisdiction of the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct was 
redefined in the same resolution. Clause 4 was entirely rewritten (and 
definitions for the purpose of clause 4 were deleted) in the 104th 
Congress to reflect the adoption of a Gift Rule (H. Res. 254, Nov. 30, 
1995, p. 35077). Prior to the 104th Congress, clause 4 had been amended 
in the 95th Congress to change the prohibition against acceptance of 
gifts of ``substantial value'' (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1975, p. 20) and 
definitions for purposes of clause 4 were added in the 96th Congress (H. 
Res. 287, Mar. 2, 1977, pp. 5933-53). Those definitions were amended in 
the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 to make conforming changes in the 
definition of ``relative'' (P.L. 101-194). Clause 4 was also amended: 
(1) in the 100th Congress to increase from $35 to $50 the value of 
personal hospitality of an individual that is not to be counted when 
computing the aggregate amount of gifts per calendar year (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1987, p. 6); and (2) in the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 to revise 
the rules governing the acceptance of gifts, including value thresholds 
and waivers (P.L. 101-194). Those threshold and aggregate values were 
again adjusted by section 314(d) of the Legislative Branch 
Appropriations Act for fiscal year 1992 (P.L. 102-90). The Ethics Reform 
Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-194) amended clause 5 to prohibit the acceptance 
of honoraria. Clause 6 was amended in the 95th Congress to delete from 
the second sentence the exception ``unless specifically provided by 
law,'' which had been added in the 94th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 
1975, p. 20). Clause 6 was also amended by the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 
(P.L. 101-194) to specify that campaign funds be used only for bona fide 
campaign or political purposes. Clause 7 was amended in the 95th 
Congress to eliminate an exception permitting sponsors to give notice of 
purpose (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1975, p. 20). The Ethics Reform Act of 1989 
(P.L. 101-194) amended clause 8 to broaden Members' accountability for 
the pay and performance of staff. Clause 8 was again amended in the 
106th Congress to permit telecommuting by House employees (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). Clause 8(c) was added in the 107th Congress 
(sec. 2(t), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). Clause 9 was added in the 
94th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 14, 1975, p. 20). Clause 9 was amended in 
the 100th Congress to prohibit discrimination in employment based upon 
age (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1987, p. 6) and again the 101st Congress to 
conform existing staff antidiscrimination rules to the Fair Employment 
Practices resolution adopted in the 100th Congress (now contained in the 
Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (P.L. 104-1; 2 U.S.C. 1301; see 
Sec. 1101, infra)) (P.L. 101-194). Clause 10 was added in the 94th 
Congress (H. Res. 46, Apr. 16, 1975, p. 10340). Clause 11 was added in 
the 96th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 1979, pp. 7-16). Clause 12 was 
added by the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-194) to proscribe 
certain contacts as involving conflicts of interest. Clause 13 was added 
in the 104th Congress (sec. 220, H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. 468), 
except

[[Page 867]]

the last sentence, which was added in the 107th Congress (sec. 2(t), H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). Clause 14 (which was an undesignated 
paragraph at the end of the rule before the rules were recodified in the 
106th Congress) was amended in the 92d Congress to bring the Delegates 
and Resident Commissioner within the definition of ``Member'' (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144; H. Res. 1153, Oct. 13, 1972, pp. 36021-23). It 
was again amended in the 106th Congress to include consultants among 
employees covered by certain provisions of the code of conduct (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----) in the 107th Congress to add the last two 
sentences of clause 14(b) (sec. 2(v), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). 
In the 105th Congress the rule was amended to effect three clerical 
corrections (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----); in the 106th Congress 
clerical and stylistic changes were effected when the rules were 
recodified (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----); and in the 107th Congress 
conforming changes were made to reflect the redesignation of several 
rules (sec. 2(s), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----) and a clerical 
correction to a cross reference in clause 8(b) was effected (sec. 2(x), 
H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).
  This rule was transferred from rule XLIII to rule XXIV when the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. 
----).

  For an in-depth discussion of this rule prepared by the Committee on 
Standards of Official Conduct, see the House Ethics Manual (102d Cong., 
2d Sess.). The committee has also compiled a complete statement of the 
rules on gifts and travel, which supersedes Chapter 2 of the 1992 House 
Ethics Manual (Gifts and Travel, 106th Cong., 2d Sess.).



 
  It is not a proper parliamentary inquiry to ask the Chair to interpret 
the application of a criminal statute to a Member's conduct, as it is 
for the House and not the Chair to judge the conduct of Members (Nov. 
17, 1987, p. 32153). The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct has 
opined that ``conviction'' in clause 10 includes a plea of guilty or a 
certified finding of guilty even though sentencing may occur later (H. 
Rept. 94-76).

                                Rule XXIV


Limitations on use of official and unofficial accounts
                  limitations on use of official funds


[[Page 868]]



Sec. 1096. Limitation on accounts.

  1.  A Member, Delegate, or 
Resident Commissioner may not maintain, or have maintained for his use, 
an unofficial office account. Funds may not be paid into an unofficial 
office account.


  2. Notwithstanding any other provision of this rule, if an amount from 
the Official Expenses Allowance of a Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner is paid into the House Recording Studio revolving fund for 
telecommunications satellite services, the Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner may accept reimbursement from nonpolitical entities in that 
amount for transmission to the Clerk for credit to the Official Expenses 
Allowance.


  3. In this rule the term ``unofficial office account'' means an 
account or repository in which funds are received for the purpose of 
defraying otherwise unreimbursed expenses allowable under section 162(a) 
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 as ordinary and necessary in the 
operation of a congressional office, and includes a newsletter fund 
referred to in section 527(g) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

  This provision (former rule XLV) was adopted in the 95th Congress (H. 
Res. 287, Mar. 2, 1977, pp. 5933-53). It was amended in the 102d 
Congress to permit Members to receive reimbursements to their expense 
allowances for recording studio charges attributable to nonpolitical 
organizations receiving the transmissions (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1991, p. 
39). When the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, it 
consolidated former rules XLV and XLVI under clauses 1 through 9 of rule 
XXV and the second sentence of former clause 8 of rule I and former 
clauses 2(n)(5) and 5(e) of rule XI under clause 10 of rule XXV (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). This rule was redesignated as rule XXIV in 
the 107th Congress (sec. 2(s), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).



[[Page 869]]


Limitations on use of the frank
  For an in-depth discussion of this rule prepared by the Committee on 
Standards of Official Conduct, see the House Ethics Manual (102d Cong., 
2d Sess.).



Sec. 1097. Limitations on use of frank.

  4.  A Member, Delegate, 
or Resident Commissioner shall mail franked mail under section 3210(d) 
of title 39, United States Code at the most economical rate of postage 
practicable.


  5. Before making a mass mailing, a Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner shall submit a sample or description of the mail matter 
involved to the House Commission on Congressional Mailing Standards for 
an advisory opinion as to whether the proposed mailing is in compliance 
with applicable provisions of law, rule, or regulation.

  6. A mass mailing that is otherwise frankable by a Member, Delegate, 
or Resident Commissioner under the provisions of section 3210(e) of 
title 39, United States Code, is not frankable unless the cost of 
preparing and printing it is defrayed exclusively from funds made 
available in an appropriation Act.

  7. A Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not send a mass 
mailing outside the congressional district from which he was elected.


[[Page 870]]

been postmarked, if it were of a type customarily postmarked, applies.
  8. In the case of a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner, a mass 
mailing is not frankable under section 3210 of title 39, United States 
Code, when it is postmarked less than 60 days before the date of a 
primary or general election (whether regular, special, or runoff) in 
which he is a candidate for public office. If the mail matter is of a 
type that is not customarily postmarked, the date on which it would have

  9. In this rule the term ``mass mailing'' means, with respect to a 
session of Congress, a mailing of newsletters or other pieces of mail 
with substantially identical content (whether such pieces of mail are 
deposited singly or in bulk, or at the same time or different times), 
totaling more than 500 pieces of mail in that session, except that such 
term does not include a mailing--

      (a) of matter in direct response to a communication from a person 
to whom the matter is mailed;

      (b) from a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner to other 
Members, Delegates, the Resident Commissioner, or Senators, or to 
Federal, State, or local government officials; or


      (c) of a news release to the communications media.

  This provision (former rule XLVI) was adopted in the 95th Congress (H. 
Res. 287, Mar. 2, 1977, pp. 5933-53). In the 102d Congress it was 
extensively amended to conform to restrictions on franking and mass 
mailings included in the legislative branch appropriations acts for 
fiscal years 1990 and 1991 (P.L. 101-163 and 101-520, respectively) (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1991, p. 39). Clause 7 (former clause 4) was rewritten 
in the 103d Congress to conform to the statutory prohibition against 
mass mailings outside the congressional district from which a Member was 
elected. Before the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, 
this provision was found in former rule XLVI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, 
p. ----).



[[Page 871]]


Prohibition on use of funds by Members not elected to succeeding 
  For an in-depth discussion of this rule prepared by the Committee on 
Standards of Official Conduct, see the House Ethics Manual (102d Cong., 
2d Sess.).

        Congress




Sec. 1098. Travel by Members not reelected.

  10.  Funds from the 
applicable accounts described in clause 1(i)(1) of rule X, including 
funds from committee expense resolutions, and funds in any local 
currencies owned by the United States may not be made available for 
travel by a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, or Senator after 
the date of a general election in which he was not elected to the 
succeeding Congress or, in the case of a Member, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner who is not a candidate in a general election, after the 
earlier of the date of such general election or the adjournment sine die 
of the last regular session of the Congress.




 
  This provision was added in the 95th Congress (H. Res. 287, Mar. 2, 
1977, p. 5941). In the 105th and 106th Congresses this clause was 
amended to update archaic references to the ``contingent fund'' (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----; H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). When the 
House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, it consolidated the 
second sentence of former clause 8 of rule I and former clauses 2(n)(5) 
and 5(e) of rule XI under clause 10 of former rule XXV (redesignated as 
rule XXIV in the 107th Congress) (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).

                                Rule XXV


Outside earned income; honoraria
      limitations on outside earned income and acceptance of gifts


[[Page 872]]



Sec. 1099. Income limitations.

  1. (a)  Except as provided by 
paragraph (b), a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or 
employee of the House may not--


      (1) have outside earned income attributable to a calendar year 
that exceeds 15 percent of the annual rate of basic pay for level II of 
the Executive Schedule under section 5313 of title 5, United States 
Code, as of January 1 of that calendar year; or

      (2) receive any honorarium, except that an officer or employee of 
the House who is paid at a rate less than 120 percent of the minimum 
rate of basic pay for GS-15 of the General Schedule may receive an 
honorarium unless the subject matter is directly related to the official 
duties of the individual, the payment is made because of the status of 
the individual with the House, or the person offering the honorarium has 
interests that may be substantially affected by the performance or 
nonperformance of the official duties of the individual.


[[Page 873]]

cer, or employee during that calendar year and the denominator of which 
is 365.
  (b) In the case of an individual who becomes a Member, Delegate, 
Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House, such 
individual may not have outside earned income attributable to the 
portion of a calendar year that occurs after such individual becomes a 
Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee that 
exceeds 15 percent of the annual rate of basic pay for level II of the 
Executive Schedule under section 5313 of title 5, United States Code, as 
of January 1 of that calendar year multiplied by a fraction, the 
numerator of which is the number of days the individual is a Member, 
Delegate, Resident Commissioner, offi

  (c) A payment in lieu of an honorarium that is made to a charitable 
organization on behalf of a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, 
officer, or employee of the House may not be received by that Member, 
Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee. Such a payment 
may not exceed $2,000 or be made to a charitable organization from which 
the Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee or a 
parent, sibling, spouse, child, or dependent relative of the Member, 
Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee, derives a 
financial benefit.

  2. A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of 
the House may not--

      (a) receive compensation for affiliating with or being employed by 
a firm, partnership, association, corporation, or other entity that 
provides professional services involving a fiduciary relationship;

      (b) permit his name to be used by such a firm, partnership, 
association, corporation, or other entity;

      (c) receive compensation for practicing a profession that involves 
a fiduciary relationship;


[[Page 874]]

      (d) serve for compensation as an officer or member of the board of 
an association, corporation, or other entity; or

      (e) receive compensation for teaching, without the prior 
notification and approval of the Committee on Standards of Official 
Conduct.
Copyright royalties

  3. (a) A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee 
of the House may not receive an advance payment on copyright royalties. 
This paragraph does not prohibit a literary agent, researcher, or other 
individual (other than an individual employed by the House or a relative 
of a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee) 
working on behalf of a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, 
or employee with respect to a publication from receiving an advance 
payment of a copyright royalty directly from a publisher and solely for 
the benefit of that literary agent, researcher, or other individual.

  (b) A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of 
the House may not receive copyright royalties under a contract entered 
into on or after January 1, 1996, unless that contract is first approved 
by the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct as complying with the 
requirement of clause 4(d)(1)(E) (that royalties are received from an 
established publisher under usual and customary contractual terms).
Definitions


[[Page 875]]

Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner) whose pay is disbursed by 
the Chief Administrative Officer, who is paid at a rate equal to or 
greater than 120 percent of the minimum rate of basic pay for GS-15 of 
the General Schedule, and who is so employed for more than 90 days in a 
calendar year.
  4. (a)(1) In this rule, except as provided in subparagraph (2), the 
term ``officer or employee of the House'' means an individual (other 
than a

  (2)(A) When used with respect to an honorarium, the term ``officer or 
employee of the House'' means an individual (other than a Member, 
Delegate, or Resident Commissioner) whose salary is disbursed by the 
Chief Administrative Officer.

  (B) When used in clause 5 of this rule, the terms ``officer'' and 
``employee'' have the same meanings as in rule XXIII.

  (b) In this rule the term ``honorarium'' means a payment of money or a 
thing of value for an appearance, speech, or article (including a series 
of appearances, speeches, or articles) by a Member, Delegate, Resident 
Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House, excluding any actual 
and necessary travel expenses incurred by that Member, Delegate, 
Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee (and one relative) to the 
extent that such expenses are paid or reimbursed by any other person. 
The amount otherwise determined shall be reduced by the amount of any 
such expenses to the extent that such expenses are not so paid or 
reimbursed.


[[Page 876]]

the House, or a relative of such Member, Delegate, Resident 
Commissioner, officer, or employee, the cost of transportation, and the 
cost of lodging and meals while away from his residence or principal 
place of employment.
  (c) In this rule the term ``travel expenses'' means, with respect to a 
Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of

  (d)(1) In this rule the term ``outside earned income'' means, with 
respect to a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or 
employee of the House, wages, salaries, fees, and other amounts received 
or to be received as compensation for personal services actually 
rendered, but does not include--

      (A) the salary of a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, 
officer, or employee;

      (B) any compensation derived by a Member, Delegate, Resident 
Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House for personal services 
actually rendered before the adoption of this rule or before he became a 
Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee;

      (C) any amount paid by, or on behalf of, a Member, Delegate, 
Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House to a tax-
qualified pension, profit-sharing, or stock bonus plan and received by 
him from such a plan;


[[Page 877]]

the personal services actually rendered by him in the trade or business 
do not generate a significant amount of income; or
      (D) in the case of a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, 
officer, or employee of the House engaged in a trade or business in 
which he or his family holds a controlling interest and in which both 
personal services and capital are income-producing factors, any amount 
received by the Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or 
employee, so long as

      (E) copyright royalties received from established publishers under 
usual and customary contractual terms; and

  (2) outside earned income shall be determined without regard to 
community property law.


  (e) In this rule the term ``charitable organization'' means an 
organization described in section 170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
1986.


[[Page 878]]

ments on copyright royalties and the receipt of any payments on 
copyright royalties under future contracts unless approved in advance by 
the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct (H. Res. 299, Dec. 22, 
1995, p. 38488). In the 106th Congress the rule was amended to permit 
certain House employees to receive honoraria; the parenthetical in 
clause 4(b) was adopted; and, when the House recodified its rules, it 
consolidated former rules XLI, XLVII, and LI under rule XXVI (H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). This rule was redesignated as rule XXV in the 
107th Congress (sec. 2(s), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). Clause 
4(a)(1) (and clause 5(e)) were amended in the 107th Congress to conform 
the definition of ``officer or employee'' to rule XXIII (sec. 2(w), H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).
  The rule on outside earned income (former rule XLVII) was adopted in 
the 95th Congress (H. Res. 287, Mar. 2, 1977, pp. 5933-53). It was 
amended for the first time in the 96th Congress to increase the limit on 
a single honorarium from $750 to $1000 (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 1979, pp. 7-
16). The rule was amended further in the 97th Congress to (1) increase 
the limitation on outside earned income for a calendar year from 15 to 
30 percent of a Member's salary; (2) strike the $1000 limitation on a 
single honorarium; and (3) provide that honoraria shall be attributable 
to the calendar year in which payment is received (H. Res. 305, Dec. 15, 
1981, p. 31529). In the 99th Congress, the rule was amended to delete 
the 30 percent of aggregate salary limitation on outside earned income 
and to conform the limitation to that contained in law (2 U.S.C. 31-1 
provides that a Member of Congress may not accept honoraria in excess of 
40 percent of his aggregate salary) (H. Res. 427, Apr. 22, 1986, p. 
8328). The next day, the House adopted a resolution vacating the 
proceedings by which that resolution had been adopted and laying that 
resolution on the table (H. Res. 432, Apr. 23, 1986, p. 8474). The 
Ethics Reform Act of 1989: (1) amended the title of the rule; (2) 
amended clause 1 to effect for 1991 and future years the elimination of 
honoraria not assigned to charity and closer restrictions on outside 
earned income (including limitation to 15 percent of Executive Level II 
pay); (3) amended clause 2 to effect for 1991 and future years new 
limits on outside employment; and (4) amended clause 3 to revise certain 
definitions (P.L. 101-194). That Act also established a civil cause of 
action against an individual who violates the limitations on outside 
earned income and employment (5 U.S.C. app. 504). In the 102d Congress 
clause 2 was further amended to specify that the ban on affiliation with 
a firm applies only if compensation is received and only with respect to 
a professional services firm, and clause 3 was further amended to 
specify the applicability of outside earned income restrictions to 
officers and employees of the House (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1991, p. 39). In 
the 104th Congress a new clause was added to prohibit the receipt of 
advance pay

  For an in-depth discussion of this rule prepared by the Committee on 
Standards of Official Conduct, see the House Ethics Manual (102d Cong., 
2d Sess.).

  Before its coverage was restricted to the Senate in the Ethics Reform 
Act of 1989 (sec. 601(b), P.L. 101-194), a separate provision of law (2 
U.S.C. 441i) provided criminal penalties for any elected or appointed 
Federal employee who accepts an honorarium of more than $2000 per 
speech. A statutory ceiling of $25,000 from honoraria in a calendar year 
was repealed in 1981 (P.L. 97-51). The Senate repealed its rule on 
outside earned income in the 97th Congress (S. Res. 512, Dec. 14, 1982, 
p. 30640).


Gifts
  For provisions of the Federal criminal code restricting postemployment 
activities, see 18 U.S.C. 207, which was originally enacted in title V 
of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-521) and most recently 
amended in the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-194) and a related 
technical corrections Act (P.L. 101-280).



Sec. 1100. Gift rule.

  5. (a)(1)(A)  A Member, Delegate, Resident 
Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House may not knowingly accept 
a gift except as provided in this clause.



[[Page 879]]

ward the $100 annual limit. Formal recordkeeping is not required by this 
subdivision, but a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or 
employee of the House shall make a good faith effort to comply with this 
subdivision.
  (B) A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of 
the House may accept a gift (other than cash or cash equivalent) that 
the Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee 
reasonably and in good faith believes to have a value of less than $50 
and a cumulative value from one source during a calendar year of less 
than $100. A gift having a value of less than $10 does not count to

  (2)(A) In this clause the term ``gift'' means a gratuity, favor, 
discount, entertainment, hospitality, loan, forbearance, or other item 
having monetary value. The term includes gifts of services, training, 
transportation, lodging, and meals, whether provided in kind, by 
purchase of a ticket, payment in advance, or reimbursement after the 
expense has been incurred.

  (B)(i) A gift to a family member of a Member, Delegate, Resident 
Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House, or a gift to any other 
individual based on that individual's relationship with the Member, 
Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee, shall be 
considered a gift to the Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, 
officer, or employee if it is given with the knowledge and acquiescence 
of the Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee and 
the Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee has 
reason to believe the gift was given because of his official position.


[[Page 880]]

officer, or employee shall be treated as a gift for purposes of this 
clause.
  (ii) If food or refreshment is provided at the same time and place to 
both a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of 
the House and the spouse or dependent thereof, only the food or 
refreshment provided to the Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner,

  (3) The restrictions in subparagraph (1) do not apply to the 
following:

      (A) Anything for which the Member, Delegate, Resident 
Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House pays the market value, 
or does not use and promptly returns to the donor.

      (B) A contribution, as defined in section 301(8) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431) that is lawfully made under 
that Act, a lawful contribution for election to a State or local 
government office, or attendance at a fundraising event sponsored by a 
political organization described in section 527(e) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986.

      (C) A gift from a relative as described in section 109(16) of 
title I of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (2 U.S.C. App. 109(16)).

      (D)(i) Anything provided by an individual on the basis of a 
personal friendship unless the Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, 
officer, or employee of the House has reason to believe that, under the 
circumstances, the gift was provided because of his official position 
and not because of the personal friendship.


[[Page 881]]

      (ii) In determining whether a gift is provided on the basis of 
personal friendship, the Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, 
officer, or employee of the House shall consider the circumstances under 
which the gift was offered, such as:

          (I) The history of his relationship with the individual giving 
the gift, including any previous exchange of gifts between them.

          (II) Whether to his actual knowledge the individual who gave 
the gift personally paid for the gift or sought a tax deduction or 
business reimbursement for the gift.

          (III) Whether to his actual knowledge the individual who gave 
the gift also gave the same or similar gifts to other Members, 
Delegates, the Resident Commissioners, officers, or employees of the 
House.

      (E) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(3), a contribution or 
other payment to a legal expense fund established for the benefit of a 
Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the 
House that is otherwise lawfully made in accordance with the 
restrictions and disclosure requirements of the Committee on Standards 
of Official Conduct.

      (F) A gift from another Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, 
officer, or employee of the House or Senate.

      (G) Food, refreshments, lodging, transportation, and other 
benefits--


[[Page 882]]

tomarily provided to others in similar circumstances;
          (i) resulting from the outside business or employment 
activities of the Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or 
employee of the House (or other outside activities that are not 
connected to his duties as an officeholder), or of his spouse, if such 
benefits have not been offered or enhanced because of his official 
position and are cus

          (ii) customarily provided by a prospective employer in 
connection with bona fide employment discussions; or

          (iii) provided by a political organization described in 
section 527(e) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 in connection with a 
fundraising or campaign event sponsored by such organization.

      (H) Pension and other benefits resulting from continued 
participation in an employee welfare and benefits plan maintained by a 
former employer.

      (I) Informational materials that are sent to the office of the 
Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the 
House in the form of books, articles, periodicals, other written 
materials, audiotapes, videotapes, or other forms of communication.

      (J) Awards or prizes that are given to competitors in contests or 
events open to the public, including random drawings.

      (K) Honorary degrees (and associated travel, food, refreshments, 
and entertainment) and other bona fide, nonmonetary awards presented in 
recognition of public service (and associated food, refreshments, and 
entertainment provided in the presentation of such degrees and awards).


[[Page 883]]

gral part of the training) if such training is in the interest of the 
House.
      (L) Training (including food and refreshments furnished to all 
attendees as an inte

      (M) Bequests, inheritances, and other transfers at death.

      (N) An item, the receipt of which is authorized by the Foreign 
Gifts and Decorations Act, the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange 
Act, or any other statute.

      (O) Anything that is paid for by the Federal Government, by a 
State or local government, or secured by the Government under a 
Government contract.

      (P) A gift of personal hospitality (as defined in section 109(14) 
of the Ethics in Government Act) of an individual other than a 
registered lobbyist or agent of a foreign principal.

      (Q) Free attendance at a widely attended event permitted under 
subparagraph (4).

      (R) Opportunities and benefits that are--

          (i) available to the public or to a class consisting of all 
Federal employees, whether or not restricted on the basis of geographic 
consideration;

          (ii) offered to members of a group or class in which 
membership is unrelated to congressional employment;


[[Page 884]]

          (iii) offered to members of an organization, such as an 
employees' association or congressional credit union, in which 
membership is related to congressional employment and similar 
opportunities are available to large segments of the public through 
organizations of similar size;

          (iv) offered to a group or class that is not defined in a 
manner that specifically discriminates among Government employees on the 
basis of branch of Government or type of responsibility, or on a basis 
that favors those of higher rank or rate of pay;

          (v) in the form of loans from banks and other financial 
institutions on terms generally available to the public; or

          (vi) in the form of reduced membership or other fees for 
participation in organization activities offered to all Government 
employees by professional organizations if the only restrictions on 
membership relate to professional qualifications.

      (S) A plaque, trophy, or other item that is substantially 
commemorative in nature and that is intended for presentation.

      (T) Anything for which, in an unusual case, a waiver is granted by 
the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct.

      (U) Food or refreshments of a nominal value offered other than as 
a part of a meal.

      (V) Donations of products from the district or State that the 
Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner represents that are intended 
primarily for promotional purposes, such as display or free 
distribution, and are of minimal value to any single recipient.

      (W) An item of nominal value such as a greeting card, baseball 
cap, or a T-shirt.


[[Page 885]]

cept an offer of free attendance at a widely attended convention, 
conference, symposium, forum, panel discussion, dinner, viewing, 
reception, or similar event, provided by the sponsor of the event, if--
  (4)(A) A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee 
of the House may ac

      (i) the Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or 
employee of the House participates in the event as a speaker or a panel 
participant, by presenting information related to Congress or matters 
before Congress, or by performing a ceremonial function appropriate to 
his official position; or

      (ii) attendance at the event is appropriate to the performance of 
the official duties or representative function of the Member, Delegate, 
Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House.

  (B) A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of 
the House who attends an event described in subdivision (A) may accept a 
sponsor's unsolicited offer of free attendance at the event for an 
accompanying individual.

  (C) A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of 
the House, or the spouse or dependent thereof, may accept a sponsor's 
unsolicited offer of free attendance at a charity event, except that 
reimbursement for transportation and lodging may not be accepted in 
connection with the event.


[[Page 886]]

portation, or the provision of food, refreshments, entertainment, and 
instructional materials furnished to all attendees as an integral part 
of the event. The term does not include entertainment collateral to the 
event, nor does it include food or refreshments taken other than in a 
group setting with all or substantially all other attendees.
  (D) In this paragraph the term ``free attendance'' may include waiver 
of all or part of a conference or other fee, the provision of local 
trans

  (5) A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of 
the House may not accept a gift the value of which exceeds $250 on the 
basis of the personal friendship exception in subparagraph (3)(D) unless 
the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct issues a written 
determination that such exception applies. A determination under this 
subparagraph is not required for gifts given on the basis of the family 
relationship exception in subparagraph (3)(C).

  (6) When it is not practicable to return a tangible item because it is 
perishable, the item may, at the discretion of the recipient, be given 
to an appropriate charity or destroyed.


[[Page 887]]

gate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee--
  (b)(1)(A) A reimbursement (including payment in kind) to a Member, 
Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House from 
a private source other than a registered lobbyist or agent of a foreign 
principal for necessary transportation, lodging, and related expenses 
for travel to a meeting, speaking engagement, factfinding trip, or 
similar event in connection with his duties as an officeholder shall be 
considered as a reimbursement to the House and not a gift prohibited by 
this clause, if the Member, Dele

      (i) in the case of an employee, receives advance authorization, 
from the Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, or officer under whose 
direct supervision the employee works, to accept reimbursement; and

      (ii) discloses the expenses reimbursed or to be reimbursed and the 
authorization to the Clerk within 30 days after the travel is completed.

  (B) For purposes of subdivision (A), events, the activities of which 
are substantially recreational in nature, are not considered to be in 
connection with the duties of a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, 
officer, or employee of the House as an officeholder.

  (2) Each advance authorization to accept reimbursement shall be signed 
by the Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, or officer of the House 
under whose direct supervision the employee works and shall include--

      (A) the name of the employee;

      (B) the name of the person who will make the reimbursement;

      (C) the time, place, and purpose of the travel; and


[[Page 888]]

      (D) a determination that the travel is in connection with the 
duties of the employee as an officeholder and would not create the 
appearance that the employee is using public office for private gain.

  (3) Each disclosure made under subparagraph (1)(A) of expenses 
reimbursed or to be reimbursed shall be signed by the Member, Delegate, 
Resident Commissioner, or officer (in the case of travel by that Member, 
Delegate, Resident Commissioner, or officer) or by the Member, Delegate, 
Resident Commissioner, or officer under whose direct supervision the 
employee works (in the case of travel by an employee) and shall 
include--

      (A) a good faith estimate of total transportation expenses 
reimbursed or to be reimbursed;

      (B) a good faith estimate of total lodging expenses reimbursed or 
to be reimbursed;

      (C) a good faith estimate of total meal expenses reimbursed or to 
be reimbursed;

      (D) a good faith estimate of the total of other expenses 
reimbursed or to be reimbursed;

      (E) a determination that all such expenses are necessary 
transportation, lodging, and related expenses as defined in subparagraph 
(4); and

      (F) in the case of a reimbursement to a Member, Delegate, Resident 
Commissioner, or officer, a determination that the travel was in 
connection with his duties as an officeholder and would not create the 
appearance that the Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, or officer 
is using public office for private gain.


[[Page 889]]

  (4) In this paragraph the term ``necessary transportation, lodging, 
and related expenses''--

      (A) includes reasonable expenses that are necessary for travel for 
a period not exceeding four days within the United States or seven days 
exclusive of travel time outside of the United States unless approved in 
advance by the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct;

      (B) is limited to reasonable expenditures for transportation, 
lodging, conference fees and materials, and food and refreshments, 
including reimbursement for necessary transportation, whether or not 
such transportation occurs within the periods described in subdivision 
(A);

      (C) does not include expenditures for recreational activities, nor 
does it include entertainment other than that provided to all attendees 
as an integral part of the event, except for activities or entertainment 
otherwise permissible under this clause; and

      (D) may include travel expenses incurred on behalf of either the 
spouse or a child of the Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, 
officer, or employee.

  (5) The Clerk shall make available to the public all advance 
authorizations and disclosures of reimbursement filed under subparagraph 
(1) as soon as possible after they are received.

  (c) A gift prohibited by paragraph (a)(1) includes the following:


[[Page 890]]

Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the 
House.
      (1) Anything provided by a registered lobbyist or an agent of a 
foreign principal to an entity that is maintained or controlled by a

      (2) A charitable contribution (as defined in section 170(c) of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986) made by a registered lobbyist or an agent 
of a foreign principal on the basis of a designation, recommendation, or 
other specification of a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, 
officer, or employee of the House (not including a mass mailing or other 
solicitation directed to a broad category of persons or entities), other 
than a charitable contribution permitted by paragraph (d).

      (3) A contribution or other payment by a registered lobbyist or an 
agent of a foreign principal to a legal expense fund established for the 
benefit of a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or 
employee of the House.

      (4) A financial contribution or expenditure made by a registered 
lobbyist or an agent of a foreign principal relating to a conference, 
retreat, or similar event, sponsored by or affiliated with an official 
congressional organization, for or on behalf of Members, Delegates, the 
Resident Commissioner, officers, or employees of the House.


[[Page 891]]

ered a gift under this clause if it is reported as provided in 
subparagraph (2).
  (d)(1) A charitable contribution (as defined in section 170(c) of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986) made by a registered lobbyist or an agent 
of a foreign principal in lieu of an honorarium to a Member, Delegate, 
Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House are not consid

  (2) A Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee 
who designates or recommends a contribution to a charitable organization 
in lieu of an honorarium described in subparagraph (1) shall report 
within 30 days after such designation or recommendation to the Clerk--

      (A) the name and address of the registered lobbyist who is making 
the contribution in lieu of an honorarium;

      (B) the date and amount of the contribution; and

      (C) the name and address of the charitable organization designated 
or recommended by the Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner.
The Clerk shall make public information received under this subparagraph 
as soon as possible after it is received.

  (e) In this clause--

      (1) the term ``registered lobbyist'' means a lobbyist registered 
under the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act or any successor statute;

      (2) the term ``agent of a foreign principal'' means an agent of a 
foreign principal registered under the Foreign Agents Registration Act; 
and

      (3) the terms ``officer'' and ``employee'' have the same meanings 
as in rule XXIII.


[[Page 892]]

on Standards of Official Conduct. The Committee on Standards of Official 
Conduct is authorized to issue guidance on any matter contained in this 
clause.

  (f) All the provisions of this clause shall be interpreted and 
enforced solely by the Committee


  This provision originally was adopted in the 104th Congress as rule 
LII (H. Res. 250, Nov. 16, 1995, p. 33433). It was amended in the 106th 
Congress to permit acceptance of a gift having a value of less than $50 
and a cumulative value from any one source in the calendar year of less 
than $100 (H. Res. 9, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). In the 105th Congress it 
was redesignated as rule LI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. ----), and when 
the House recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was 
consolidated with former rule XLI and XLVIII under former rule XXVI 
(redesignated as rule XXV in the 107th Congress) (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 
1999, p. ----). Clause 5(e) (and Clause 4(a)(1)) were amended in the 
107th Congress to conform the definition of ``officer or employee'' to 
rule XXIII (sec. 2(w), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). The Committee 
on Standards of Official Conduct has compiled a complete statement of 
the rules on gifts and travel, which supersedes Chapter 2 of the 1992 
House Ethics Manual (Gifts and Travel, 106th Cong., 2d Sess.). The 
history of earlier rules bearing the designation LI or LII follow.



[[Page 893]]


Claims against the Government


Sec. 1101. Former rules on employment practices 
and application of certain laws.

  The earliest  form of the rule on ``employment 
practices'' was designated as rule LI. It grew out of the Fair 
Employment Practices Resolution first adopted in the 100th Congress (H. 
Res. 558, Oct. 3, 1988, p. 27840) and renewed in the 101st Congress (H. 
Res. 15, Jan. 3, 1989, p. 85). The terms of that resolution were 
incorporated by reference in a standing rule LI in the 102d Congress (H. 
Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1991, p. 39), and were codified in full text, with 
certain amendments, in the 103d Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1993, p. 
49). The Employment Practices rule was overtaken by the earliest form of 
``application of certain laws,'' which was originally designated as LII 
in the 103d Congress (H. Res. 578, Oct. 7, 1994, p. 29326). The 
Application of Laws rule, in turn, was overtaken by the Congressional 
Accountability Act of 1995 (P.L. 104-1; 2 U.S.C. 1301). Certain savings 
provisions appear in section 506 of that Act (2 U.S.C. 1435). A later 
form of the rule designated as LII (gift rule) was adopted in the 104th 
Congress (H. Res. 250, Nov. 16, 1995, p. 33433). In the 105th Congress 
the Gift Rule was redesignated as rule LI (H. Res. 5, Jan. 7, 1997, p. 
----).





Sec. 1102. Officers and employees not to be agents of 
claims.

  6.  A person may not be an officer or employee of the House, or 
continue in its employment, if he acts as an agent for the prosecution 
of a claim against the Government or if he is interested in such claim, 
except as an original claimant or in the proper discharge of official 
duties.



  This provision was adopted in 1842 (V, 7227). It was renumbered 
January 3, 1953 (p. 24). It was amended by the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 
to include employees in the prohibition against prosecuting or having an 
interest in any claim against the Government, to specify the 
inapplicability of that prohibition to the discharge of official duties, 
and to delete an obsolete reference to the Committee on House 
Administration (P.L. 101-194). Before the House recodified its rules in 
the 106th Congress, this provision was found in former rule XLI (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----).



 
  In addition to rules XXIII through XXVI, several provisions of the 
Federal criminal code also address the conduct of Members, officers, and 
employees with respect to bribery of public officials (18 U.S.C. 219), 
claims against the Government (18 U.S.C. 203-205, 207(e), 216), and 
public officials acting as agents of foreign principals (18 U.S.C. 219).

                                Rule XXVI


                          financial disclosure


[[Page 894]]

have them printed as a House document, which shall be made available to 
the public.


Sec. 1103. Financial report disclosing certain financial 
interests.

  1.  The Clerk shall send a copy of each report filed with the 
Clerk under title I of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 within the 
seven-day period beginning on the date on which the report is filed to 
the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct. By August 1 of each 
year, the Clerk shall compile all such reports sent to him by Members 
within the period beginning on January 1 and ending on June 15 of each 
year and



  2. For the purposes of this rule, the provisions of title I of the 
Ethics in Government Act of 1978 shall be considered Rules of the House 
as they pertain to Members, Delegates, the Resident Commissioner, 
officers, and employees of the House.

  The original version of this rule (former rule XLIV) was adopted in 
the 90th Congress, in the same resolution that redefined the 
jurisdiction of the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct (H. Res. 
1099, Apr. 3, 1968, p. 8803). In the 91st Congress the rule was amended, 
effective for years after 1970, to require public disclosure of: (1) 
honoraria from a single source totaling $300 or more; and (2) each 
creditor to whom was owed an unsecured loan or other indebtedness of 
$10,000 or more outstanding for at least 90 days in the preceding 
calendar year (H. Res. 796, May 26, 1970, p. 17019). It was further 
amended in the 92d Congress to bring the Delegates and Resident 
Commissioner within the definition of ``Members'' in the final sentence 
of the rule (H. Res. 5, Jan. 22, 1971, p. 144; H. Res. 1153, Oct. 13, 
1972, pp. 36021-23), and was amended in the 95th Congress to delete an 
obsolete reference (H. Res. 5, Jan. 4, 1977, pp. 53-70). The rule was 
completely amended in the 95th Congress, effective July 1, 1977, to: (1) 
broaden the sources and minimum amounts of income reported; (2) require 
reports to be filed with the Clerk as well as with the Committee on 
Standards of Official Conduct; and (3) make reports available to the 
public as printed House documents rather than having them maintained in 
the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct (H. Res. 287, Mar. 2, 
1977, pp. 5933-53). The rule was again amended in the 96th Congress to 
incorporate by reference the relevant provisions of title I of the 
Ethics in Government Act of 1978 as they pertain to Members, officers, 
and employees of the House of Representatives (H. Res. 5, Jan. 15, 1979, 
pp. 7-16). Clause 1 was amended by the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 to make 
conforming changes in certain dates (P.L. 101-194). Before the House 
recodified its rules in the 106th Congress, this provision was found in 
former rule XLIV (H. Res. 5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). This rule was 
redesignated as rule XXVI in the 107th Congress (sec. 2(s), H. Res. 5, 
Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----).


  For an in-depth discussion of this rule prepared by the Committee on 
Standards of Official Conduct, see the House Ethics Manual (102d Cong., 
2d Sess.).


[[Page 895]]

  Pertinent provisions of title I of the Ethics in Government Act of 
1978 (5 U.S.C. App. 101-111) follow:


     Title I--Financial Disclosure Requirements of Federal Personnel


                        persons required to file


  Sec. 101. (a) Within thirty days of assuming the position of an 
officer or employee described in subsection (f), an individual shall 
file a report containing the information described in section 102(b) 
unless the individual has left another position described in subsection 
(f) within thirty days prior to assuming such new position or has 
already filed a report under this title with respect to nomination for 
the new position or as a candidate for the position.


                                  * * *

  (c) Within thirty days of becoming a candidate as defined in section 
301 of the Federal Campaign Act of 1971, in a calendar year for 
nomination or election to the office of President, Vice President, or 
Member of Congress, or on or before May 15 of that calendar year, 
whichever is later, but in no event later than 30 days before the 
election, and on or before May 15 of each successive year an individual 
continues to be a candidate, an individual other than an incumbent 
President, Vice President, or Member of Congress shall file a report 
containing the information described in section 102(b). Notwithstanding 
the preceding sentence, in any calendar year in which an individual 
continues to be a candidate for any office but all elections for such 
office relating to such candidacy were held in prior calendar years, 
such individual need not file a report unless he becomes a candidate for 
another vacancy in that office or another office during that year.

  (d) Any individual who is an officer or employee described in 
subsection (f) during any calendar year and performs the duties of his 
position or office for a period in excess of sixty days in that calendar 
year shall file on or before May 15 of the succeeding year a report 
containing the information described in section 102(a).

  (e) Any individual who occupies a position described in subsection (f) 
shall, on or before the thirtieth day after termination of employment in 
such position, file a report containing the information described in 
section 102(a) covering the preceding calendar year if the report 
required by subsection (d) has not been filed and covering the portion 
of the calendar year in which such termination occurs up to the date the 
individual left such office or position, unless such individual has 
accepted employment in another position described in subsection (f).

  (f) The officers and employees referred to in subsections (a), (d), 
and (e) are-- * * *

  (9) a Member of Congress as defined under section 109(12);


  (10) an officer or employee of the Congress as defined under section 
109(13);


[[Page 896]]

                                  * * *

  (g)(1) Reasonable extensions of time for filing any report may be 
granted under procedures prescribed by the supervising ethics office for 
each branch, but the total of such extensions shall not exceed ninety 
days. * * *

  (h) The provisions of subsections (a), (b), and (e) shall not apply to 
an individual who, as determined by the designated agency ethics 
official or Secretary concerned (or in the case of a Presidential 
appointee under subsection (b), the Director of the Office of Government 
Ethics), the congressional ethics committees, or the Judicial 
Conference, is not reasonably expected to perform the duties of his 
office or position for more than sixty days in a calendar year, except 
that if such individual performs the duties of his office or position 
for more than sixty days in a calendar year--

          (1) the report required by subsections (a) and (b) shall be 

        filed within fifteen days of the sixtieth day, and

          (2) the report required by subsection (e) shall be filed as 

        provided in such subsection.

  (i) The supervising ethics office for each branch may grant a publicly 
available request for a waiver of any reporting requirement under this 
section for an individual who is expected to perform or has performed 
the duties of his office or position less than one hundred and thirty 
days in a calendar year, but only if the supervising ethics office 
determines that--

          (1) such individual is not a full-time employee of the 

        Government,

          (2) such individual is able to provide services specially 

        needed by the Government,

          (3) it is unlikely that the individual's outside employment or 

        financial interests will create a conflict of interest, and

          (4) public financial disclosure by such individual is not 


        necessary in the circumstances.


                           contents of reports

  Sec. 102. (a) Each report filed pursuant to section 101 (d) and (e) 
shall include a full and complete statement with respect to the 
following:

  (1)(A) The source, type, and amount or value of income (other than 
income referred to in subparagraph (B)) from any source (other than from 
current employment by the United States Government), and the source, 
date, and amount of honoraria from any source, received during the 
preceding calendar year, aggregating $200 or more in value and, 
effective January 1, 1991, the source, date, and amount of payments made 
to charitable organizations in lieu of honoraria, and the reporting 
individual shall simultaneously file with the applicable supervising 
ethics office, on a confidential basis, a corresponding list of 
recipients of all such payments, together with the dates and amounts of 
such payments.


[[Page 897]]

  (B) The source and type of income which consists of dividends, rents, 
interest, and capital gains, received during the preceding calendar year 
which exceeds $200 in amount or value, and an indication of which of the 
following categories the amount or value of such item of income is 
within:

          (i) not more than $1,000,

          (ii) greater than $1,000 but not more than $2,500,

          (iii) greater than $2,500 but not more than $5,000,

          (iv) greater than $5,000 but not more than $15,000,

          (v) greater than $15,000 but not more than $50,000,

          (vi) greater than $50,000 but not more than $100,000,

          (vii) greater than $100,000 but not more than $1,000,000,

          (viii) greater than $1,000,000 but not more than $5,000,000, 

        or

          (ix) greater than $5,000,000.

  (2)(A) The identity of the source, a brief description, and the value 
of all gifts aggregating more than the minimal value as established by 
section 7342(a)(5) of title 5, United States Code, or $250, whichever is 
greater, received from any source other than a relative of the reporting 
individual during the preceding calendar year, except that any food, 
lodging, or entertainment received as personal hospitality of an 
individual need not be reported, and any gift with a fair market value 
of $100 or less, as adjusted at the same time and by the same percentage 
as the minimal value is adjusted, need not be aggregated for purposes of 
this subparagraph.

  (B) The identity of the source and a brief description (including a 
travel itinerary, dates, and nature of expenses provided) of 
reimbursements received from any source aggregating more than the 
minimal value as established by section 7342(a)(5) of title 5, United 
States Code, or $250, whichever is greater, and received during the 
preceding calendar year.

  (C) In an unusual case, a gift need not be aggregated under 
subparagraph (A) if a publicly available request for a waiver is 
granted.

  (3) The identity and category of value of any interest in property 
held during the preceding calendar year in a trade or business, or for 
investment or the production of income, which has a fair market value 
which exceeds $1,000 as of the close of the preceding calendar year, 
excluding any personal liability owed to the reporting individual by a 
spouse, or by a parent, brother, sister, or child of the reporting 
individual or of the reporting individual's spouse, or any deposits 
aggregating $5,000 or less in a personal savings account. For purposes 
of this paragraph, a personal savings account shall include any 
certificate of deposit or any other form of deposit in a bank, savings 
and loan association, credit union, or similar financial institution.

  (4) The identity and category of value of the total liabilities owed 
to any creditor other than a spouse, or a parent, brother, sister, or 
child of the reporting individual or of the reporting individual's 
spouse which exceed $10,000 at any time during the preceding calendar 
year, excluding--

          (A) any mortgage secured by real property which is a personal 

        residence of the reporting individual or his spouse; and

          (B) any loan secured by a personal motor vehicle, household 

        furniture, or appliances, which loan does not exceed the 



[[Page 898]]


With respect to revolving charge accounts, only those with an 
outstanding liability which exceeds $10,000 as of the close of the 
preceding calendar year need be reported under this paragraph.
        purchase price of the item which secures it.

  (5) Except as provided in this paragraph, a brief description, the 
date, and category of value of any purchase, sale or exchange during the 
preceding calendar year exceeds $1,000--

          (A) in real property, other than property used solely as a 

        personal residence of the reporting individual or his spouse; or

          (B) in stocks, bonds, commodities futures, and other forms of 


Reporting is not required under this paragraph of any transaction solely 
by and between the reporting individual, his spouse, or dependent 
children.
        securities.

  (6)(A) The identity of all positions held on or before the date of 
filing during the current calendar year (and, for the first report filed 
by an individual, during the two-year period preceding such calendar 
year) as an officer, director, trustee, partner, proprietor, 
representative, employee, or consultant of any corporation, company, 
firm, partnership, or other business enterprise, any nonprofit 
organization, any labor organization, or any educational or other 
institution other than the United States. This subparagraph shall not 
require the reporting of positions held in any religious, social, 
fraternal, or political entity and positions solely of an honorary 
nature.

  (B) If any person, other than the United States Government, paid a 
nonelected reporting individual compensation in excess of $5,000 in any 
of the two calendar years prior to the calendar year during which the 
individual files his first report under this title, the individual shall 
include in the report--

          (i) the identity of each source of such compensation; and

          (ii) a brief description of the nature of the duties performed 

        or services rendered by the reporting individual for each such 


The preceding sentence shall not require any individual to include in 
such report any information which is considered confidential as a result 
of a privileged relationship, established by law, between such 
individual and any person nor shall it require an individual to report 
any information with respect to any person for whom services were 
provided by any firm or association of which such individual was a 
member, partner, or employee unless such individual was directly 
involved in the provision of such services.
        source.

  (7) A description of the date, parties to, and terms of any agreement 
or arrangement with respect to (A) future employment; (B) a leave of 
absence during the period of the reporting individual's Government 
service; (C) continuation of payments by a former employer other than 
the United States Government; and (D) continuing participation in an 
employee welfare or benefit plan maintained by a former employer.


[[Page 899]]

cuted prior to July 24, 1995 and precludes the beneficiary from 
receiving information on the total cash value of any interest in the 
qualified blind trust.
  (8) The category of the total cash value of any interest of the 
reporting individual in a qualified blind trust, unless the trust 
instrument was exe

  (b)(1) Each report filed pursuant to subsections (a), (b), and (c) of 
section 101 shall include a full and complete statement with respect to 
the information required by--

          (A) paragraph (1) of subsection (a) for the year of filing and 

        the preceding calendar year,

          (B) paragraphs (3) and (4) of subsection (a) as of the date 

        specified in the report but which is less than thirty-one days 

        before the filing date, and

          (C) paragraphs (6) and (7) of subsection (a) as of the filing 

        date but for periods described in such paragraphs.

  (2)(A) In lieu of filling out one or more schedules of a financial 
disclosure form, an individual may supply the required information in an 
alternative format, pursuant to either rules adopted by the supervising 
ethics office for the branch in which such individual serves or pursuant 
to a specific written determination by such office for a reporting 
individual.

  (B) In lieu of indicating the category of amount or value of any item 
contained in any report filed under this title, a reporting individual 
may indicate the exact dollar amount of such item.

  (c) In the case of any individual described in section 101(e), any 
reference to the preceding calendar year shall be considered also to 
include that part of the calendar year of filing up to the date of the 
termination of employment.

  (d)(1) The categories for reporting the amount or value of the items 
covered in paragraphs (3), (4), (5), and (8) of subsection (a) are as 
follows:

          (A) not more than $15,000;

          (B) greater than $15,000 but not more than $50,000;

          (C) greater than $50,000 but not more than $100,000;

          (D) greater than $100,000 but not more than $250,000;

          (E) greater than $250,000 but not more than $500,000;

          (F) greater than $500,000 but not more than $1,000,000;

          (G) greater than $1,000,000 but not more than $5,000,000;

          (H) greater than $5,000,000 but not more than $25,000,000;

          (I) greater than $25,000,000 but not more than $50,000,000; 

        and

          (J) greater than $50,000,000.


[[Page 900]]

of specifying a category of value pursuant to paragraph (1) of this 
subsection. If the current value of any other item required to be 
reported under paragraph (3) of subsection (a) is not ascertainable 
without an appraisal, such individual may list the book value of a 
corporation whose stock is not publicly traded, the net worth of a 
business partnership, the equity value of an individually owned 
business, or with respect to other holdings, any recognized indication 
of value, but such individual shall include in his report a full and 
complete description of the method used in determining such value. In 
lieu of any value referred to in the preceding sentence, an individual 
may list the assessed value of the item for tax purposes, adjusted to 
reflect the market value of the item used for the assessment if the 
assessed value is computed at less than 100 percent of such market 
value, but a full and complete description of the method used in 
determining such assessed value shall be included in the report.
  (2) For the purposes of paragraph (3) of subsection (a) if the current 
value of an interest in real property (or an interest in a real estate 
partnership) is not ascertainable without an appraisal, an individual 
may list (A) the date of purchase and the purchase price of the interest 
in the real property, or (B) the assessed value of the real property for 
tax purposes, adjusted to reflect the market value of the property used 
for the assessment if the assessed value is computed at less than 100 
percent of such market value, but such individual shall include in his 
report a full and complete description of the method used to determine 
such assessed value, instead

  (e)(1) Except as provided in the last sentence of this paragraph, each 
report required by section 101 shall also contain information listed in 
paragraphs (1) through (5) of subsection (a) of this section respecting 
the spouse or dependent child of the reporting individual as follows:

          (A) The source of items of earned income earned by a spouse 

        from any person which exceed $1,000 and the source and amount of 

        any honoraria received by a spouse, except that, with respect to 

        earned income (other than honoraria), if the spouse is self-

        employed in business or a profession, only the nature of such 

        business or profession need be reported.

          (B) All information required to be reported in subsection 

        (a)(1)(B) with respect to income derived by a spouse or 

        dependent child from any asset held by the spouse or dependent 

        child and reported pursuant to subsection (a)(3).

          (C) In the case of any gifts received by a spouse or dependent 

        child which are not received totally independent of the 

        relationship of the spouse or dependent child to the reporting 

        individual, the identity of the source and a brief description 

        of gifts of transportation, lodging, food, or entertainment and 

        a brief description and the value of other gifts.

          (D) In the case of any reimbursements received by a spouse or 

        dependent child which are not received totally independent of 

        the relationship of the spouse or dependent child to the 

        reporting individual, the identity of the source and a brief 

        description of each such reimbursement.

          (E) In the case of items described in paragraphs (3) through 

        (5) of subsection (a), all information required to be reported 

        under these paragraphs other than items (i) which the reporting 

        individual certifies represent the spouse's or dependent child's 

        sole financial interest or responsibility and which the 

        reporting individual has no knowledge of, (ii) which are not in 

        any way, past or present, derived from the income, assets, or 


[[Page 901]]

        activities of the reporting individual, and

        (iii) from which the reporting individual neither derives, nor 

        expects to derive, any financial or economic benefit.

          (F) For purposes of this section, categories with amounts or 

        values greater than $1,000,000 set forth in sections 

        102(a)(1)(B) and 102(d)(1) shall apply to the income, assets, or 

        liabilities of spouses and dependent children only if the 

        income, assets, or liabilities are held jointly with the 

        reporting individual. All other income, assets, or liabilities 

        of the spouse or dependent children required to be reported 

        under this section in an amount or value greater than $1,000,000 

        shall be categorized only as an amount or value greater than 


Reports required by subsections (a), (b), and (c) of section 101 shall, 
with respect to the spouse and dependent child of the reporting 
individual, only contain information listed in paragraphs (1), (3), and 
(4) of subsection (a), as specified in this paragraph.
        $1,000,000.

  (2) No report shall be required with respect to a spouse living 
separate and apart from the reporting individual with the intention of 
terminating the marriage or providing for permanent separation; or with 
respect to any income or obligations of an individual arising from the 
dissolution of his marriage or the permanent separation from his spouse.

  (f)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), each reporting individual 
shall report the information required to be reported pursuant to 
subsections (a), (b), and (c) of this section with respect to the 
holdings of and the income from a trust or other financial arrangement 
from which income is received by, or with respect to which a beneficial 
interest in principal or income is held by, such individual, his spouse, 
or any dependent child.

  (2) A reporting individual need not report the holdings of or the 
source of income from any of the holdings of--

          (A) any qualified blind trust (as defined in paragraph (3));

          (B) a trust--

                  (i) which was not created directly by such individual, 

                his spouse, or any dependent child, and

                  (ii) the holdings or sources of income of which such 

                individual, his spouse, and any dependent child have no 

                knowledge of; or

          (C) an entity described under the provisions of paragraph (8), 

        but such individual shall report the category of the amount of 

        income received by him, his spouse, or any dependent child from 

        the trust or other entity under subsection (a)(1)(B) of this 

        section.

  (3) For purpose of this subsection, the term ``qualified blind trust'' 
includes any trust in which a reporting individual, his spouse, or any 
minor or dependent child has a beneficial interest in the principal or 
income, and which meets the following requirements:

          (A)(i) The trustee of the trust and any other entity 

        designated in the trust instrument to perform fiduciary duties 

        is a financial institution, an attorney, a certified public 


[[Page 902]]

        accountant, a broker, or an investment advisor who--

                  (I) is independent of and not associated with any 

                interested party so that the trustee or other person 

                cannot be controlled or influenced in the administration 

                of the trust by any interested party;

                  (II) is not and has not been an employee of or 

                affiliated with any interested party and is not a 

                partner of, or involved in any joint venture or other 

                investment with, any interested party; and

                  (III) is not a relative of any interested party.

              (ii) Any officer or employee of a trustee or other entity 

            who is involved in the management or control of the trust--

                  (I) is independent of and not associated with any 

                interested party so that such officer or employee cannot 

                be controlled or influenced in the administration of the 

                trust by any interested party;

                  (II) is not a partner of, or involved in any joint 

                venture or other investment with, any interested party; 

                and

                  (III) is not a relative of any interested party.

          (B) Any asset transferred to the trust by an interested party 

        is free of any restriction with respect to its transfer or sale 

        unless such restriction is expressly approved by the supervising 

        ethics office of the reporting individual.

          (C) The trust instrument which establishes the trust provides 

        that--

                  (i) except to the extent provided in subparagraph (B) 

                of this paragraph, the trustee in the exercise of his 

                authority and discretion to manage and control the 

                assets of the trust shall not consult or notify any 

                interested party;

                  (ii) the trust shall not contain any asset the holding 

                of which by an interested party is prohibited by any law 

                or regulation;

                  (iii) the trustee shall promptly notify the reporting 

                individual and his supervising ethics office when the 

                holdings of any particular asset transferred to the 

                trust by any interested party are disposed of or when 

                the value of such holding is less than $1,000;

                  (iv) the trust tax return shall be prepared by the 

                trustee or his designee, and such return and any 

                information relating thereto (other than the trust 

                income summarized in appropriate categories necessary to 

                complete an interested party's tax return), shall not be 

                disclosed to any interested party;

                  (v) an interested party shall not receive any report 

                on the holdings and sources of income of the trust, 

                except a report at the end of each calendar quarter with 

                respect to the total cash value of the interest of the 

                interested party in the trust or the net income or loss 

                of the trust or any reports necessary to enable the 


[[Page 903]]

                interested party to complete an individual tax return re

                quired by law or to provide the information required by 

                subsection (a)(1) of this section, but such report shall 

                not identify any asset or holding;

                  (vi) except for communications which solely consist of 

                requests for distributions of cash or other unspecified 

                assets of the trust, there shall be no direct or 

                indirect communication between the trustee and an 

                interested party with respect to the trust unless such 

                communication is in writing and unless it relates only 

                (I) to the general financial interest and needs of the 

                interested party (including, but not limited to, an 

                interest in maximizing income or long-term capital 

                gain), (II) to the notification of the trustee of a law 

                or regulation subsequently applicable to the reporting 

                individual which prohibits the interested party from 

                holding an asset, which notification directs that the 

                asset not be held by the trust, or (III) to directions 

                to the trustee to sell all of an asset initially placed 

                in the trust by an interested party which in the 

                determination of the reporting individual creates a 

                conflict of interest or the appearance thereof due to 

                the subsequent assumption of duties by the reporting 

                individual (but nothing herein shall require any such 

                direction); and

                  (vii) the interested parties shall make no effort to 

                obtain information with respect to the holdings of the 

                trust, including obtaining a copy of any trust tax 

                return filed or any information relating thereto except 

                as otherwise provided in this subsection.

          (D) The proposed trust instrument and the proposed trustee is 

        approved by the reporting individual's supervising ethics 

        office.

          (E) For purposes of this subsection, ``interested party'' 

        means a reporting individual, his spouse, and any minor or 

        dependent child; ``broker'' has the meaning set forth in section 

        3(a)(4) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 

        78c(a)(4)); and ``investment adviser'' includes any investment 

        adviser who, as determined under regulations prescribed by the 

        supervising ethics office, is generally involved in his role as 

        such an adviser in the management or control of trusts.

          (F) Any trust qualified by a supervising ethics office before 

        the effective date of title II of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 

        shall continue to be governed by the law and regulations in 

        effect immediately before such effective date.

  (4)(A) An asset placed in a trust by an interested party shall be 
considered a financial interest of the reporting individual, for the 
purposes of any applicable conflict of interest statutes, regulations, 
or rules of the Federal Government (including section 208 of title 18, 
United States Code), until such time as the reporting individual is 
notified by the trustee that such asset has been disposed of, or has a 
value of less than $1,000.


[[Page 904]]

dependent child, or minor child of such a person, if the supervising 
ethics office for such reporting individual finds that--
  (B)(i) The provisions of subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect 
to a trust created for the benefit of a reporting individual, or the 
spouse,

          (I) the assets placed in the trust consist of a well-

        diversified portfolio of readily marketable securities;

          (II) none of the assets consist of securities of entities 

        having substantial activities in the area of the reporting 

        individual's primary area of responsibility;

          (III) the trust instrument prohibits the trustee, 

        notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (3)(C) (iii) and 

        (iv) of this subsection, from making public or informing any 

        interested party of the sale of any securities;

          (IV) the trustee is given power of attorney, notwithstanding 

        the provisions of paragraph (3)(C)(v) of this subsection, to 

        prepare on behalf of any interested party the personal income 

        tax returns and similar returns which may contain information 

        relating to the trust; and

          (V) except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the trust 

        instrument provides (or in the case of a trust established prior 

        to the effective date of this Act which by its terms does not 

        permit amendment, the trustee, the reporting individual, and any 

        other interested party agree in writing) that the trust shall be 

        administered in accordance with the requirements of this 

        subsection and the trustee of such trust meets the requirements 


        of paragraph (3)(A).


                                  * * *

  (5)(A) The reporting individual shall, within thirty days after a 
qualified blind trust is approved by his supervising ethics office, file 
with such office a copy of--

          (i) the executed trust instrument of such trust (other than 

        those provisions which relate to the testamentary disposition of 

        the trust assets), and

          (ii) a list of the assets which were transferred to such 

        trust, including the category of value of each asset as 


This subparagraph shall not apply with respect to a trust meeting the 
requirements for being considered a qualified blind trust under 
paragraph (7) of this subsection.
        determined under subsection (d) of this section.

  (B) The reporting individual shall, within thirty days of transferring 
an asset (other than cash) to a previously established qualified blind 
trust, notify his supervising ethics office of the identity of each such 
asset and the category of value of each asset as determined under 
subsection (d) of this section.

  (C) Within thirty days of the dissolution of a qualified blind trust, 
a reporting individual shall--

          (i) notify his supervising ethics office of such dissolution, 


[[Page 905]]

        and

          (ii) file with such office a copy of a list of the assets of 

        the trust at the time of such dissolution and the category of 

        value under subsection (d) of this section of each such asset.

  (D) Documents filed under subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of this 
paragraph and the lists provided by the trustee of assets placed in the 
trust by an interested party which have been sold shall be made 
available to the public in the same manner as a report is made available 
under section 105 and the provisions of that section shall apply with 
respect to such documents and lists.

  (E) A copy of each written communication with respect to the trust 
under paragraph (3)(C)(vi) shall be filed by the person initiating the 
communication with the reporting individual's supervising ethics office 
within five days of the date of the communication.

  (6)(A) A trustee of a qualified blind trust shall not knowingly and 
willfully, or negligently, (i) disclose any information to an interested 
party with respect to such trust that may not be disclosed under 
paragraph (3) of this subsection; (ii) acquire any holding the ownership 
of which is prohibited by the trust instrument; (iii) solicit advice 
from any interested party with respect to such trust, which solicitation 
is prohibited by paragraph (3) of this subsection or the trust 
agreement; or (iv) fail to file any document required by this 
subsection.

  (B) A reporting individual shall not knowingly and willfully, or 
negligently, (i) solicit or receive any information with respect to a 
qualified blind trust of which he is an interested party that may not be 
disclosed under paragraph (3)(C) of this subsection or (ii) fail to file 
any document required by this subsection.

  (C)(i) The Attorney General may bring a civil action in any 
appropriate United States district court against any individual who 
knowingly and willfully violates the provisions of subparagraph (A) or 
(B) of this paragraph. The court in which such action is brought may 
assess against such individual a civil penalty in any amount not to 
exceed $10,000.

  (ii) The Attorney General may bring a civil action in any appropriate 
United States district court against any individual who negligently 
violates the provisions of subparagraph (A) or (B) of this paragraph. 
The court in which such action is brought may assess against such 
individual a civil penalty in any amount not to exceed $5,000.

  (7) Any trust may be considered to be a qualified blind trust if--

          (A) the trust instrument is amended to comply with the 

        requirements of paragraph (3) or, in the case of a trust 

        instrument which does not by its terms permit amendment, the 

        trustee, the reporting individual, and any other interested 

        party agree in writing that the trust shall be administered in 

        accordance with the requirements of this subsection and the 

        trustee of such trust meets the requirements of paragraph 

        (3)(A); except that in the case of any interested party who is a 

        dependent child, a parent or guardian of such child may execute 


[[Page 906]]

        the agreement referred to in this subparagraph;

          (B) a copy of the trust instrument (except testamentary 

        provisions) and a copy of the agreement referred to in 

        subparagraph (A), and a list of the assets held by the trust at 

        the time of approval by the supervising ethics office, including 

        the category of value of each asset as determined under 

        subsection (d) of this section, are filed with such office and 

        made available to the public as provided under paragraph (5)(D) 

        of this subsection; and

          (C) the supervising ethics office determines that approval of 

        the trust arrangement as a qualified blind trust is in the 

        particular case appropriate to assure compliance with applicable 

        laws and regulations.

  (8) A reporting individual shall not be required to report the 
financial interests held by a widely held investment fund (whether such 
fund is a mutual fund, regulated investment company, pension or deferred 
compensation plan, or other investment fund), if--

          (A)(i) the fund is publicly traded; or

          (ii) the assets of the fund are widely diversified; and

          (B) the reporting individual neither exercises control over 

        nor has the ability to exercise control over the financial 

        interests held by the fund.

  (g) Political campaign funds, including campaign receipts and 
expenditures, need not be included in any report filed pursuant to this 
title.

  (h) A report filed pursuant to subsection (a), (d), or (e) of section 
101 need not contain the information described in subparagraphs (A), 
(B), and (C) of subsection (a)(2) with respect to gifts and 
reimbursements received in a period when the reporting individual was 
not an officer or employee of the Federal Government.

  (i) A reporting individual shall not be required under this title to 
report--

          (1) financial interests in or income derived from--

                  (A) any retirement system under title 5, United States 

                Code (including the Thrift Savings Plan under subchapter 

                III of chapter 84 of such title); or

                  (B) any other retirement system maintained by the 

                United States for officers or employees of the United 

                States, including the President, or for members of the 

                uniformed services; or


          (2) benefits received under the Social Security Act.


                            filing of reports



[[Page 907]]



  Sec. 103. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the 
reports required under this title shall be filed by the reporting 
individual with the designated agency ethics official at the agency by 
which he is employed (or in the case of an individual described in 
section 101(e), was employed) or in which he will serve. The date any 
report is received (and the date of receipt of any supplemental report) 
shall be noted on such report by such official.


                                  * * *

  (g) Each supervising Ethics Office shall develop and make available 
forms for reporting the information required by this title.

  (h)(1) The reports required under this title shall be filed by a 
reporting individual with--

          (A)(i)(I) the Clerk of the House of Representatives, in the 

        case of a Representative in Congress, a Delegate to Congress, 

        the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico, an officer or 

        employee of the Congress whose compensation is disbursed by the 

        Clerk of the House of Representatives, an officer or employee of 

        the Architect of the Capitol, the United States Botanic Garden, 

        the Congressional Budget Office, the Government Printing Office, 

        the Library of Congress, or the Copyright Royalty Tribunal 

        (including any individual terminating service, under section 

        101(e), in any office or position referred to in this 

        subclause), or an individual described in section 101(c) who is 

        a candidate for nomination or election as a Representative in 

        Congress, a Delegate to Congress, or the Resident Commissioner 


        from Puerto Rico;


                                  * * *

          (ii) in the case of an officer or employee of the Congress as 

        described under section 101(f)(10) who is employed by an agency 

        or commission established in the legislative branch after the 

        date of the enactment of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989--

                  (I) the Secretary of the Senate or the Clerk of the 

                House of Representatives, as the case may be, as 

                designated in the statute establishing such agency or 

                commission; or

                  (II) if such statute does not designate such 

                committee, the Secretary of the Senate for agencies and 

                commissions established in even numbered calendar years, 

                and the Clerk of the House of Representatives for 

                agencies and commissions established in odd numbered 


                calendar years;


                                  * * *

          (2) The date any report is received (and the date of receipt 

        of any supplemental report) shall be noted on such report by 

        such committee.


[[Page 908]]

  (i) A copy of each report filed under this title by a Member or an 
individual who is a candidate for the office of Member shall be sent by 
the Clerk of the House of Representatives or Secretary of the Senate, as 
the case may be, to the appropriate State officer designated under 
section 316(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 of the State 
represented by the Member or in which the individual is a candidate, as 
the case may be, within the 30-day period beginning on the day the 
report is filed with the Clerk or Secretary.


  (j)(1) A copy of each report filed under this title with the Clerk of 
the House of Representatives shall be sent by the Clerk to the Committee 
on Standards of Official Conduct of the House of Representatives within 
the 7-day period beginning on the day the report is filed.


                                  * * *


  (k) In carrying out their responsibilities under this title with 
respect to candidates for office, the Clerk of the House of 
Representatives and the Secretary of the Senate shall avail themselves 
of the assistance of the Federal Election Commission. The Commission 
shall make available to the Clerk and the Secretary on a regular basis a 
complete list of names and addresses of all candidates registered with 
the Commission, and shall cooperate and coordinate its candidate 
information and notification program with the Clerk and the Secretary to 
the greatest extent possible.


                 failure to file or filing false reports

  Sec. 104. (a) The Attorney General may bring a civil action in any 
appropriate United States district court against any individual who 
knowingly and willfully falsifies or who knowingly and willfully fails 
to file or report any information that such individual is required to 
report pursuant to section 102. The court in which such action is 
brought may assess against such individual a civil penalty in any 
amount, not to exceed $10,000.

  (b) The head of each agency, each Secretary concerned, the Director of 
the Office of Government Ethics, each congressional ethics committee, or 
the Judicial Conference, as the case may be, shall refer to the Attorney 
General the name of any individual which such official or committee has 
reasonable cause to believe has willfully failed to file a report or has 
willfully falsified or willfully failed to file information required to 
be reported.

  (c) The President, the Vice President, the Secretary concerned, the 
head of each agency, the Office of Personnel Management, a congressional 
ethics committee, and the Judicial Conference of the United States, may 
take any appropriate personnel or other action in accordance with 
applicable law or regulation against any individual failing to file a 
report or falsifying or failing to report information required to be 
reported.

  (d)(1) Any individual who files a report required to be filed under 
this title more than 30 days after the later of--

          (A) the date such report is required to be filed pursuant to 

        the provisions of this title and the rules and regulations 

        promulgated thereunder; or

          (B) if a filing extension is granted to such individual under 

        section 101(g), the last day of the filing extension period, 

        shall, at the direction of and pursuant to regulations issued by 

        the supervising ethics office, pay a filing fee of $200. All 

        such fees shall be deposited in the miscellaneous receipts of 

        the Treasury. The authority under this paragraph to direct the 


[[Page 909]]

        payment of a filing fee may be delegated by

        the supervising ethics office in the executive branch to other 

        agencies in the executive branch.


  (2) The supervising ethics office may waive the filing fee under this 
subsection in extraordinary circumstances.


                 custody of and public access to reports


  Sec. 105. (a) Each agency, each supervising ethics office in the 
executive or judicial branch, the Clerk of the House of Representatives, 
and the Secretary of the Senate shall make available to the public, in 
accordance with subsection (b), each report filed under this title with 
such agency or office or with the Clerk or the Secretary of the Senate.


                                  * * *

  (b)(1) Except as provided in the second sentence of this subsection, 
each agency, each supervising ethics office in the executive or judicial 
branch, the Clerk of the House of Representatives, and the Secretary of 
the Senate shall, within thirty days after any report is received under 
this title by such agency or office or by the Clerk or the Secretary of 
the Senate, as the case may be, permit inspection of such report by or 
furnish a copy of such report to any person requesting such inspection 
or copy. With respect to any report required to be filed by May 15 of 
any year, such report shall be made available for public inspection 
within 30 calendar days after May 15 of such year or within 30 days of 
the date of filing of such a report for which an extension is granted 
pursuant to section 101(g). The agency, office, Clerk, or Secretary of 
the Senate, as the case may be may require a reasonable fee to be paid 
in any amount which is found necessary to recover the cost of 
reproduction or mailing of such report excluding any salary of any 
employee involved in such reproduction or mailing. A copy of such report 
may be furnished without charge or at a reduced charge if it is 
determined that waiver or reduction of the fee is in the public 
interest.

  (2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a report may not be made available 
under this section to any person nor may any copy thereof be provided 
under this section to any person except upon a written application by 
such person stating--

          (A) that person's name, occupation and address;

          (B) the name and address of any other person or organization 

        on whose behalf the inspection or copy is requested; and

          (C) that such person is aware of the prohibitions on the 


Any such application shall be made available to the public throughout 
the period during which the report is made available to the public.
        obtaining or use of the report.


[[Page 910]]

in consultation with United States Marshall Service, that revealing 
personal and sensitive information could endanger that individual.
  (3)(A) This section does not require the immediate and unconditional 
availability of reports filed by an individual described in section 
109(8) or 109(10) of this Act if a finding is made by the Judicial 
Conference,

  (B) A report may be redacted pursuant to this paragraph only--

          (i) to the extent necessary to protect the individual who 

        filed the report; and

          (ii) for as long as the danger to such individual exists.

  (C) The Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall submit 
to the Committees on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and 
of the Senate an annual report with respect to the operation of this 
paragraph including--

          (i) the total number of reports redacted pursuant to this 

        paragraph;

          (ii) the total number of individuals whose reports have been 

        redacted pursuant to this paragraph; and

          (iii) the types of threats against individuals whose reports 

        are redacted, if appropriate.

  (D) The Judicial Conference, in consultation with the Department of 
Justice, shall issue regulations setting forth the circumstances under 
which redaction is appropriate under this paragraph and the procedures 
for redaction.

  (E) This paragraph shall expire on December 31, 2001, and apply to 
filings through calendar year 2001.

  (c)(1) It shall be unlawful for any person to obtain or use a report--

          (A) for any unlawful purpose;

          (B) for any commercial purpose, other than by news and 

        communications media for dissemination to the general public;

          (C) for determining or establishing the credit rating of any 

        individual; or

          (D) for use, directly or indirectly, in the solicitation of 

        money for any political, charitable, or other purpose.

  (2) The Attorney General may bring a civil action against any person 
who obtains or uses a report for any purpose prohibited in paragraph (1) 
of this subsection. The court in which such action is brought may assess 
against such person a penalty in any amount not to exceed $10,000. Such 
remedy shall be in addition to any other remedy available under 
statutory or common law.


[[Page 911]]

shall be destroyed one year after the individual either is no longer 
under consideration by the Senate or is no longer a candidate for 
nomination or election to the Office of President, Vice President, or as 
a Member of Congress, unless needed in an ongoing investigation.

  (d) Any report filed with or transmitted to an agency or supervising 
ethics office or to the Clerk of the House of Representatives or the 
Secretary of the Senate pursuant to this title shall be retained by such 
agency or office or by the Clerk or the Secretary of the Senate, as the 
case may be. Such report shall be made available to the public for a 
period of six years after receipt of the report. After such six-year 
period the report shall be destroyed unless needed in an ongoing 
investigation, except that in the case of an individual who filed the 
report pursuant to section 101(b) and was not subsequently confirmed by 
the Senate, or who filed the report pursuant to section 101(c) and was 
not subsequently elected, such reports


                            review of reports

  Sec. 106. (a)(1) Each designated agency ethics official or Secretary 
concerned shall make provisions to ensure that each report filed with 
him under this title is reviewed within sixty days after the date of 
such filing, except that the Director of the Office of Government Ethics 
shall review only those reports required to be transmitted to him under 
this title within sixty days after the date of transmittal.

  (2) Each congressional ethics committee and the Judicial Conference 
shall make provisions to ensure that each report filed under this title 
is reviewed within sixty days after the date of such filing.

  (b)(1) If after reviewing any report under subsection (a), the 
Director of the Office of Government Ethics, the Secretary concerned, 
the designated agency ethics official, a person designated by the 
congressional ethics committee, or a person designated by the Judicial 
Conference, as the case may be, is of the opinion that on the basis of 
information contained in such report the individual submitting such 
report is in compliance with applicable laws and regulations, he shall 
state such opinion on the report, and shall sign such report.

  (2) If the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, the Secretary 
concerned, the designated agency ethics official, a person designated by 
the congressional ethics committee, or a person designated by the 
Judicial Conference, after reviewing any report under subsection (a)--

          (A) believes additional information is required to be 

        submitted, he shall notify the individual submitting such report 

        what additional information is required and the time by which it 

        must be submitted, or

          (B) is of the opinion, on the basis of information submitted, 

        that the individual is not in compliance with applicable laws 

        and regulations, he shall notify the individual, afford a 

        reasonable opportunity for a written or oral response, and after 

        consideration of such response, reach an opinion as to whether 

        or not, on the basis of information submitted, the individual is 

        in compliance with such laws and regulations.


[[Page 912]]

committee be appropriate for assuring compliance with such laws and 
regulations and the date by which such steps should be taken. Such steps 
may include, as appropriate--
  (3) If the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, the Secretary 
concerned, the designated agency ethics official, a person designated by 
a congressional ethics committee, or a person designated by the Judicial 
Conference, reaches an opinion under paragraph (2)(B) that an individual 
is not in compliance with applicable laws and regulations, the official 
or committee shall notify the individual of that opinion and, after an 
opportunity for personal consultation (if practicable), determine and 
notify the individual of which steps, if any, would in the opinion of 
such official or

          (A) divestiture,

          (B) restitution,

          (C) the establishment of a blind trust,

          (D) request for an exemption under section 208(b) of title 18, 

        United States Code, or

          (E) voluntary request for transfer, reassignment, limitation 


The use of any such steps shall be in accordance with such rules or 
regulations as the supervising ethics office may prescribe.
        of duties, or resignation.

  (4) If steps for assuring compliance with applicable laws and 
regulations are not taken by the date set under paragraph (3) by an 
individual in a position in the executive branch (other than in the 
Foreign Service or the uniformed services), appointment to which 
requires the advice and consent of the Senate, the matter shall be 
referred to the President for appropriate action.

  (5) If steps for assuring compliance with applicable laws and 
regulations are not taken by the date set under paragraph (3) by a 
member of the Foreign Service or the uniformed services, the Secretary 
concerned shall take appropriate action.

  (6) If steps for assuring compliance with applicable laws and 
regulations are not taken by the date set under paragraph (3) by any 
other officer or employee, the matter shall be referred to the head of 
the appropriate agency, the congressional ethics committee, or the 
Judicial Conference, for appropriate action; except that in the case of 
the Postmaster General or Deputy Postmaster General, the Director of the 
Office of Government Ethics shall recommend to the Governors of the 
Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service the action to be 
taken.


  (7) Each supervising ethics office may render advisory opinions 
interpreting this title within its respective jurisdiction. 
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the individual to whom a 
public advisory opinion is rendered in accordance with this paragraph, 
and any other individual covered by this title who is involved in a fact 
situation which is indistinguishable in all material aspects, and who 
acts in good faith in accordance with the provisions and findings of 
such advisory opinion shall not, as a result of such act, be subject to 
any penalty or sanction provided by this title.


         confidential reports and other additional requirements


[[Page 913]]

section by the officers and employees of any department or agency shall 
be set forth in rules or regulations prescribed by the supervising 
ethics office, and may be less extensive than otherwise required by this 
title, or more extensive when determined by the supervising ethics 
office to be necessary and appropriate in light of sections 202 through 
209 of title 18, United States Code, regulations promulgated thereunder, 
or the authorized activities of such officers or employees. Any 
individual required to file a report pursuant to section 101 shall not 
be required to file a confidential report pursuant to this subsection, 
except with respect to information which is more extensive than 
information otherwise required by this title. Subsections (a), (b), and 
(d) of section 105 shall not apply with respect to any such report.
  Sec. 107. (a)(1) Each supervising ethics office may require officers 
and employees under its jurisdiction (including special Government 
employees as defined in section 202 of title 18, United States Code) to 
file confidential financial disclosure reports, in such form as the 
supervising ethics office may prescribe. The information required to be 
reported under this sub

  (2) Any information required to be provided by an individual under 
this subsection shall be confidential and shall not be disclosed to the 
public.

  (3) Nothing in this subsection exempts any individual otherwise 
covered by the requirement to file a public financial disclosure report 
under this title from such requirement.

  (b) The provisions of this title requiring the reporting of 
information shall supersede any general requirement under any other 
provision of law or regulation with respect to the reporting of 
information required for purposes of preventing conflicts of interest or 
apparent conflicts of interest. Such provisions of this title shall not 
supersede the requirements of section 7342 of title 5, United States 
Code.


  (c) Nothing in this Act requiring reporting of information shall be 
deemed to authorize the receipt of income, gifts, or reimbursements; the 
holding of assets, liabilities, or positions; or the participation in 
transactions that are prohibited by law, Executive order, rule, or 
regulation.


                    authority of comptroller general

  Sec. 108. (a) The Comptroller General shall have access to financial 
disclosure reports filed under this title for the purposes of carrying 
out his statutory responsibilities.


  (b) No later than December 31, 1992, and regularly thereafter, the 
Comptroller General shall conduct a study to determine whether the 
provisions of this title are being carried out effectively.


                               definitions

  Sec. 109. For the purposes of this title, the term--

  (1) ``congressional ethics committees'' means the Select Committee on 
Ethics of the Senate and the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct 
of the House of Representatives;

  (2) ``dependent child'' means, when used with respect to any reporting 
individual, any individual who is a son, daughter, stepson, or 
stepdaughter and who--

          (A) is unmarried and under age 21 and is living in the 


[[Page 914]]

        household of such reporting individual; or

          (B) is a dependent of such reporting individual within the 

        meaning of section 152 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986;


  (3) ``designated agency ethics official'' means an officer or employee 
who is designated to administer the provisions of this title within an 
agency;


                                  * * *

  (5) ``gift'' means a payment, advance, forbearance, rendering, or 
deposit of money, or any thing of value, unless consideration of equal 
or greater value is received by the donor, but does not include--

          (A) bequest and other forms of inheritance;

          (B) suitable mementos of a function honoring the reporting 

        individual;

          (C) food, lodging, transportation, and entertainment provided 

        by a foreign government within a foreign country or by the 

        United States Government, the District of Columbia, or a State 

        or local government or political subdivision thereof;

          (D) food and beverages which are not consumed in connection 

        with a gift of overnight lodging;

          (E) communications to the offices of a reporting individual, 

        including subscriptions to newspapers and periodicals; or

          (F) consumable products provided by home-State businesses to 

        the offices of a reporting individual who is an elected 

        official, if those products are intended for consumption by 

        persons other than such reporting individual;

  (6) ``honoraria'' has the meaning given such term in section 505 of 
this Act;


  (7) ``income'' means all income from whatever source derived, 
including but not limited to the following items: compensation for 
services, including fees, commissions, and similar items; gross income 
derived from business (and net income if the individual elects to 
include it); gains derived from dealings in property; interest; rents; 
royalties; dividends; annuities; income from life insurance and 
endowment contracts; pensions; income from discharge of indebtedness; 
distributive share of partnership income; and income from an interest in 
an estate or trust;


                                  * * *

  (11) ``legislative branch'' includes--

          (A) the Architect of the Capitol;

          (B) the Botanic Gardens;

          (C) the Congressional Budget Office;

          (D) the General Accounting Office;

          (E) the Government Printing Office;

          (F) the Library of Congress;

          (G) the United States Capitol Police;


[[Page 915]]

          (H) the Office of Technology Assessment; and

          (I) any other agency, entity, office, or commission 

        established in the legislative branch;

  (12) ``Member of Congress'' means a United States Senator, a 
Representative in Congress, a Delegate to Congress, or the Resident 
Commissioner from Puerto Rico;

  (13) ``officer or employee of the Congress'' means--

          (A) any individual described under subparagraph (B), other 

        than a Member of Congress or the Vice President, whose 

        compensation is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate or the 

        Clerk of the House of Representatives;

          (B)(i) each officer or employee of the legislative branch who, 

        for at least 60 days, occupies a position for which the rate of 

        basic pay is equal to or greater than 120 percent of the minimum 

        rate of basic pay payable for GS-15 of the General Schedule; and

          (ii) at least one principal assistant designated for purposes 

        of this paragraph by each Member who does not have an employee 

        who occupies a position for which the rate of basic pay is equal 

        to or greater than 120 percent of the minimum rate of basic pay 

        payable for GS-15 of the General Schedule;

  (14) ``personal hospitality of any individual'' means hospitality 
extended for a nonbusiness purpose by an individual, not a corporation 
or organization, at the personal residence of that individual or his 
family or on property or facilities owned by that individual or his 
family;

  (15) ``reimbursement'' means any payment or other thing of value 
received by the reporting individual, other than gifts, to cover travel-
related expenses of such individual other than those which are--

          (A) provided by the United States Government, the District of 

        Columbia, or a State or local government or political 

        subdivision thereof;

          (B) required to be reported by the reporting individual under 

        section 7342 of title 5, United States Code; or

          (C) required to be reported under section 304 of the Federal 

        Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434);


  (16) ``relative'' means an individual who is related to the reporting 
individual, as father, mother, son, daughter, brother, sister, uncle, 
aunt, great aunt, great uncle, first cousin, nephew, niece, husband, 
wife, grandfather, grandmother, grandson, granddaughter, father-in-law, 
mother-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, sister-in-
law, stepfather, stepmother, stepson, stepdaughter, stepbrother, 
stepsister, half brother, half sister, or who is the grandfather or 
grandmother of the spouse of the reporting individual, and shall be 
deemed to include the fiance or fiancee of the reporting individual;


                                  * * *


[[Page 916]]

  (18) ``supervising ethics office'' means--

          (A) the Senate Committee on Ethics of the Senate, for 

        Senators, officers and employees of the Senate, and other 

        officers or employees of the legislative branch required to file 

        financial disclosure reports with the Secretary of the Senate 

        pursuant to section 103(h) of this title;

          (B) the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct of the 

        House of Representatives, for Members, officers and employees of 

        the House of Representatives and other officers or employees of 

        the legislative branch required to file financial disclosure 

        reports with the Clerk of the House of Representatives pursuant 

        to section 103(h) of this title;

          (C) the Judicial Conference for judicial officers and judicial 

        employees; and

          (D) the Office of Government Ethics for all executive branch 

        officers and employees; and


  (19) ``value'' means a good faith estimate of the dollar value if the 
exact value is neither known nor easily obtainable by the reporting 
individual.


        notice of actions taken to comply with ethics agreements

  Sec. 110. (a) In any case in which an individual agrees with that 
individual's designated agency ethics official, the Office of Government 
Ethics, a Senate confirmation committee, a congressional ethics 
committee, or the Judicial Conference, to take any action to comply with 
this Act or any other law or regulation governing conflicts of interest 
of, or establishing standards of conduct applicable with respect to, 
officers or employees of the Government, that individual shall notify in 
writing the designated agency ethics official, the Office of Government 
Ethics, the appropriate committee of the Senate, the congressional 
ethics committee, or the Judicial Conference, as the case may be, of any 
action taken by the individual pursuant to that agreement. Such 
notification shall be made not later than the date specified in the 
agreement by which action by the individual must be taken, or not later 
than three months after the date of the agreement, if no date for action 
is so specified.


  (b) If an agreement described in subsection (a) requires that the 
individual recuse himself or herself from particular categories of 
agency or other official action, the individual shall reduce to writing 
those subjects regarding which the recusal agreement will apply and the 
process by which it will be determined whether the individual must 
recuse himself or herself in a specific instance. An individual shall be 
considered to have complied with the requirements of subsection (a) with 
respect to such recusal agreement if such individual files a copy of the 
document setting forth the information described in the preceding 
sentence with such individual's designated agency ethics official or the 
appropriate supervising ethics office within the time prescribed in the 
last sentence of subsection (a).


                      administration of provisions



[[Page 917]]



  Sec. 111. The provisions of this title shall be administered by * * *


                                  * * *


  (2) the Select Committee on Ethics of the Senate and the Committee on 
Standards of Official Conduct of the House of Representatives, as 
appropriate, with regard to officers and employees described in 
paragraphs (9) and (10) of section 101(f).



 
                                  * * *

                               Rule XXVII


                           general provisions



Sec. 1104. Relations of Jefferson's Manual and Legislative 
Reorganization Act of 1946 to the Rules of the House.

  1.  The provisions 
of law that constituted the Rules of the House at the end of the 
previous Congress shall govern the House in all cases to which they are 
applicable, and the rules of parliamentary practice comprised by 
Jefferson's Manual shall govern the House in all cases to which they are 
applicable and in which they are not inconsistent with the Rules and 
orders of the House.



  2. In these rules words importing the masculine gender include the 
feminine as well.


  Clause 1 was adopted in 1837 (V, 6757), and amended January 3, 1953, 
p. 24, when it was also renumbered. When the House recodified its rules 
in the 106th Congress, clause 1 was transferred from former rule XLII 
and was modified to reference all provisions of law comprising House 
rules at the end of the previous Congress (a compilation of which is 
included in Sec. Sec. 1127-1130, infra); and clause 2 was added (H. Res. 
5, Jan. 6, 1999, p. ----). This rule was redesignated as rule XXVII in 
the 107th Congress (sec. 2(s), H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 2001, p. ----). 
Discussion of the importance of Jefferson's Manual as an authority in 
congressional procedure (VII, 1029, 1049; VIII, 2501, 2517, 2518, 3330).