[Constitution, Jefferson's Manual, and the Rules of the House of Representatives, 105th Congress]
[105th Congress]
[House Document 104-272]
[Rules of the House of Representatives]
[Pages 343-348]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]



[[Page 343]]
 

                                Rule III.


                          duties of the clerk.




Sec. 637. Clerk's duties at organization.

  1.  The Clerk 
shall, at the commencement of the first session of each Congress, call 
the Members to order, proceed to call the roll of Members by States in 
alphabetical order, and, pending the election of a Speaker or Speaker 
pro tempore, preserve order and decorum, and decide all questions of 
order subject to appeal by any Member.


  This portion of the rule was framed in 1880, on a basis furnished by a 
rule of 1860 (I, 64), and amended in 1911.

  As rules are not usually adopted until after the election of Speaker, 
this rule is not in force at the time of organization of a new House. 
The procedure at organization does, however, follow a practice 
conforming to the terms of the rule (I, 81), although the House may 
depart from it. Since the 97th Congress, for example, the House has 
permitted by unanimous consent the alphabetical roll call of Members by 
States to be conducted by electronic device to establish a quorum (Jan. 
5, 1981, pp. 93-96). For a discussion of procedure in the House before 
the adoption of rules, including the procedure by which the Clerk 
conducts the election of the Speaker, see Sec. Sec. 27 and 60, supra. 

  While the Speaker ceases to be an officer of the House with the 
expiration of a Congress, the Clerk, by old usage, continues in a new 
Congress (I, 187, 188, 235, 244).-



Sec. 638. The roll of Memberselect.

  The  roll of Members is 
made up by the Clerk from the credentials, in accordance with a 
provision of law (I, 14-62; VI, 2; 2 U.S.C. 26). A certificate of 
election in due form having been filed, the Clerk placed the name of the 
Member-elect on the roll, although he was subsequently advised that a 
State Supreme Court had issued a writ restraining the Secretary of State 
from issuing such certificate (Jan. 3, 1949, p. 8). The call of the roll 
may not be interrupted, especially by one not on that roll (I, 84), and 
a person not on the roll may not be recognized (I, 86). A motion to 
proceed to the election of Speaker is of higher privilege than a motion 
to correct the roll (I, 19-24). The House has declined to permit 
enrollment by the Clerk to be final as to prima facie right (I, 376, 
589, 592).


  The Clerk, in presiding before the election of Speaker, recognizes 
Members (I, 74).


[[Page 344]]

serve order (I, 101); but usually such action has not been taken, 
although an occasion might arise to make it necessary (I, 76, 77).
  The Members-elect have, before the election of Speaker or adoption of 
rules, authorized the Clerk and Sergeant-at-Arms of the last House to pre-




Sec. 639. Clerk as presiding officer at 
organizations.

  In  early years the authority of the Clerk to decide 
questions of order pending the election of a Speaker was questioned (I, 
65), and the Clerks often declined to make decisions (I, 68-72; V, 
5325), although in 1855 occur exceptions to this theory (I, 91). But in 
1860 the provisions of the present rule were adopted (I, 64), with a 
further rule that the rules of one House should apply in the 
organization of its successor (V, 6743-6747); and under this arrangement 
the Clerks have made rulings (I, 76, 77; VI, 623). In 1890 the theory 
that the rules of one House may be made binding on its successor was 
overthrown (V, 6747). In a case of vacancy arising after the adoption of 
rules, this rule would be operative and conclude questions as to the 
Clerk's authority. The Clerk having died, and in the absence of the 
Sergeant-at-Arms, the Doorkeeper of the 79th Congress presided at 
organization of the 80th Congress (Jan. 3, 1947, p. 33).





Sec. 640. Clerk furnishes a list of reports.

  2.  He shall 
make and cause to be printed and delivered to each Member, or mailed to 
his address, at the commencement of every regular session of Congress, a 
list of the reports which it is the duty of any officer or Department to 
make to Congress, referring to the act or resolution and page of the 
volume of the laws or Journal in which it may be contained, and placing 
under the name of each officer the list of reports required of him to be 
made.



  This rule was adopted in 1822 (I, 252).


[[Page 345]]

index; retain in the library at 
his office, for the use of the Members, Delegates, the Resident 
Commissioner from Puerto Rico and officers of the House, and not to be 
withdrawn therefrom, two copies of all the books and printed documents 
deposited there; send, at the end of each session, a printed copy of the 
Journal thereof to the executive and to each branch of the legislature 
of every State as may be requested by such State officials; deliver or 
mail to any Member, Delegate, or the Resident Commissioner from Puerto 
Rico an extra copy, in binding of good quality, of each document 
requested by that Member, Delegate, or the Resident Commissioner which 
has been printed, by order of either House <> of the Congress, in any 
Congress in which he served; attest and affix the seal of the House to 
all writs, warrants, and subpoenas issued by order of the House; and 
certify to the passage of all bills and joint resolutions.



Sec. 641. Clerk's duty as to Journal and documents.

  3.  He 
shall note all questions of order, with the decisions thereon, the 
record of which shall be printed as an appendix to the Journal of each 
session; and complete, as soon after the close of the session as 
possible, the printing and distribution to Members, Delegates, and the 
Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico of the Journal of the House, 
together with an accurate and complete 


  Former provisions of this clause directing the Clerk to make all 
contracts, keep contingent and stationery accounts, and pay officers and 
employees were stricken by section 3 of the House Administrative Reform 
Resolution of 1992 (H. Res. 423, 102d Cong., Apr. 9, 1992, p. ----), to 
relieve the Clerk of functions to be transferred to the Director of Non-
legislative and Financial Services pursuant to section 7 of that 
resolution (see Sec. 651e, infra). A clerical correction was effected at 
the beginning of the 104th Congress (sec. 223(f), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 
1995, p. ----). Later in the 104th Congress the requirement to send a 
printed copy of the Journal to each branch of every State legislature 
was changed to an authorization to send such copies on request (H. Res. 
254, Nov. 30, 1995, p. ----).


[[Page 346]]

  When the House issues an order or warrant, the Speaker must issue the 
summons under his hand and seal, and it must be attested by the Clerk; 
but when the power is granted to a committee to send for persons and 
papers under clause 2(m) of rule XI, a summons signed by the chairman of 
the committee is sufficient (III, 1668).


  The Clerk is required to make certain reports on receipts and 
expenditures (2 U.S.C. 102, 103, 113), which are available to the 
public. But members of the public have no statutory or constitutional 
right to examine the actual financial records which are used in 
preparing such reports (Trimble v. Johnston, 173 F. Supp. 651, D.C. 
Cir., 1959).




Sec. 647a. Official to act as Clerk upon designation.

  4.  He 
shall, in case of temporary absence or disability, designate an official 
in his office to sign all papers that may require the official signature 
of the Clerk of the House, and to do all other acts, except such as are 
provided for by statute, that may be required under the rules and 
practices of the House to be done by the Clerk. Such official acts, when 
so done by the designated official, shall be under the name of the Clerk 
of the House. The said designation shall be in writing, and shall be 
laid before the House and entered on the Journal.


  In 1880 several rules, adopted at different periods from 1794 to 1846, 
were consolidated into this rule; which was amended in 1892 (I, 251) and 
January 3, 1953, p. 16. Section 3 was amended January 22, 1971 (H. Res. 
5, pp. 140-44) to make it clear that the Delegate from the District of 
Columbia and the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico, as well as 
Members, are entitled to the services rendered the House by the Clerk. 
It was again revised in 1972 (H. Res. 1153, Oct. 13, 1972, pp. 36013-
15), effective at the beginning of the 93d Congress, to extend the 
services of the Clerk to all Delegates, including those provided for the 
Territories of Guam and the Virgin Islands by a law enacted in the 92d 
Congress. Section 4 was adopted January 18, 1912 (VI, 25) and was 
amended January 3, 1953, p. 16.


[[Page 347]]

designation of a Clerk pro tempore 
(VI, 26). Instance of Clerk serving temporarily also as Sergeant-at-Arms 
(July 8, 1953, p. 8242).

<>   5. The Clerk is 
authorized to receive messages from the President and from the Senate at 
any time that the House is not in session.

  Various other administrative duties, similar to those specified in 
this rule, are imposed on the Clerk by law (I, 253; Legislative 
Reorganization Act of 1946, 60 Stat. 812); and the law also makes it his 
duty to furnish stationery, blank books, etc., to the committees and 
officers of the House (V, 7322); to exercise discretionary authority as 
to reprinting of bills and documents (V, 7319); to receive the testimony 
taken in election contests (I, 703, 705; see also Federal Contested 
Election Act, P.L. 91-138, 83 Stat. 284), and to serve as an ex officio 
member of the Federal Election Commission established pursuant to Public 
Law 94-283; 2 U.S.C. 437c. Form of 


  Clause 5, providing standing authority for the Clerk to receive 
messages, was added in the 97th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 5, 1981, pp. 
98-113). In the case of Kennedy v. Sampson, 511 F.2d 430 (D.C. Cir. 
1974) (see Sec. 113, supra, accompanying Const., art. I, sec. 7, cl. 2) 
a United States Court of Appeals held that a bill could not be pocket-
vetoed by the President during an ``intrasession'' adjournment of 
Congress to a day certain for more than three days, where the House of 
origin has made appropriate arrangements for the receipt of presidential 
messages during the adjournment. Under this clause the Clerk may receive 
messages during recesses as well as during adjournments (Dec. 22, 1987, 
p. 37966).


[[Page 348]]



Sec. 647c. Administration of vacant Member's office.

  6.  He 
shall supervise the staff and manage any office of a Member who is 
deceased, has resigned, or been expelled until a successor is elected 
and shall perform similar duties in the event that a vacancy is declared 
by the House in any congressional district because of the incapacity of 
the Member representing such district or other reason. Whenever the 
Clerk is acting as a supervisory authority over such staff, he shall 
have authority to terminate employees; and he may appoint, with the 
approval of the Committee on House Oversight, such staff as is required 
to operate the office until a successor is elected. He shall maintain on 
the House payroll and supervise in the same manner staff appointed 
pursuant to section 800 of Public Law 91-665 (2 U.S.C. 31b-5) for sixty 
days following the death of a former Speaker.



-  7. <> In addition to any other 
reports required by the Speaker or the Committee on House Oversight, the 
Clerk shall report to the Committee on House Oversight not later than 
forty-five days following the close of each semiannual period ending on 
June 30 or on December 31 on the financial and operational status of 
each function under the jurisdiction of the Clerk. Each report shall 
include financial statements, a description or explanation of current 
operations, the implementation of new policies and procedures, and 
future plans for each function.
  This clause was added in the 98th Congress (H. Res. 5, Jan. 3, 1983, 
p. 34). It was amended in the 104th Congress to reflect the new name of 
the Committee on House Oversight (sec. 202(b), H. Res. 6, Jan. 4, 1995, 
p. ----).




Sec. 647e. Cooperation with others.

  8.  The Clerk shall fully 
cooperate with the appropriate offices and persons in the performance of 
reviews and audits of financial records and administrative operations.





  Clauses 7 and 8 were added in the 104th Congress (sec. 201(b), H. Res. 
6, Jan. 4, 1995, p. ----).