[U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual]
[Chapter 3 - Capitalization Rules]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]
3.1. It is impossible to give rules that will cover every
conceivable problem in capitalization, but, by considering the purpose
to be served and the underlying principles, it is possible to attain a
considerable degree of uniformity. The list of approved forms given in
Chapter 4 will serve as a guide. Obviously such a list cannot be
complete. Th e correct usage with respect to any term not included can
be determined by analogy or by application of the rules.
Proper names
3.2. Proper names are capitalized.
Rome John Macadam Italy
Brussels Macadam family Anglo-Saxon
Derivatives of proper names
3.3. Derivatives of proper names used with a proper meaning are
capitalized.
Roman (of Rome) Johannean Italian
3.4. Derivatives of proper names used with acquired independent
common meaning, or no longer identified with such names, are
set lowercased. Since this depends upon general and long-
continued usage, a more definite and all-inclusive rule cannot
be formulated in advance.
roman (type) macadam (crushed rock) italicize
brussels sprouts watt (electric unit) anglicize
venetian blinds plaster of paris pasteurize
Common nouns and adjectives in proper names
3.5. A common noun or adjective forming an essential part of a
proper name is capitalized; the common noun used alone as a substitute
for the name of a place or thing is not capitalized.
Massachusetts Avenue; the avenue
Washington Monument; the monument
Statue of Liberty; the statue
Hoover Dam; the dam
Boston Light; the light
Modoc National Forest; the national forest
Panama Canal; the canal
Soldiers' Home in Holyoke; the soldiers' home
Johnson House (hotel); Johnson house (residence)
Crow Reservation; the reservation
Cape of Good Hope; the cape
Jersey City
Washington City
but city of Washington; the city
Cook County; the county
Great Lakes; the lakes
Lake of the Woods; the lake
North Platte River; the river
Lower California
but lower Mississippi
Charles the First; Charles I
Seventeenth Census; the 1960 census
3.6. If a common noun or adjective forming an essential part of a
name becomes separated from the rest of the name by an
intervening common noun or adjective, the entire expression is
no longer a proper noun and is therefore not capitalized.
Union Station: union passenger station
Eastern States: eastern farming States
United States popularly elected government
3.7. A common noun used alone as a well-known short form of a
specific proper name is capitalized.
the Capitol building in Washington, DC; but State capitol
building
the Channel (English Channel)
the Chunnel (tunnel
below English Channel)
the District (District of Columbia)
3.8. The plural form of a common noun capitalized as part of a
proper name is also capitalized.
Seventh and I Streets
Lakes Erie and Ontario
Potomac and James Rivers
State and Treasury Departments
British, French, and United States Governments
Presidents Washington and Adams
3.9. A common noun used with a date, number, or letter, merely to
denote time or sequence, or for the purpose of reference,
record, or temporary convenience, does not form a proper name
and is therefore not capitalized. (See also rule 3.38.)
abstract B figure 7 room A722
act of 1928 first district (not rule 8
amendment 5 congressional) schedule K
apartment 2 flight 007 section 3
appendix C graph 8 signature 4
article 1 group 7 spring 1926
book II history 301 station 27
chapter III mile 7.5 table 4
chart B page 2 title IV
class I paragraph 4 treaty of 1919
collection 6 part I volume X
column 2 phase 3 war of 1914
drawing 6 plate IV ward 2
exhibit D region 3
3.10. The following terms are lowercased, even with a name or number.
aqueduct irrigation project shipway
breakwater jetty slip
buoy levee spillway
chute lock turnpike
dike pier watershed
dock reclamation project weir
drydock ship canal wharf
Definite article in proper place names
3.11. To achieve greater distinction or to adhere to the authorized
form, the word the (or its equivalent in a foreign language) is
capitalized when used as a part of an official name or title.
When such name or title is used adjectively, the is not
capitalized, nor is the supplied at any time when not in copy.
British Consul v. Th e Mermaid (title of legal case)
The Dalles (OR); The Weirs (NH); but the Dalles region; the
Weirs streets
The Hague; but the Hague Court; the Second Hague Conference
El Salvador; Las Cruces; L'Esterel
The National Mall; The Mall (Washington, DC only)
The Gambia
but the Congo, the Sudan, the Netherlands
3.12. Rule 3.11 does not apply in references to
newspapers, periodicals, vessels, airships, trains, firm names,
etc.
the Washington Post the U-3
the Times the Los Angeles
the Atlantic Monthly the Federal Express
the Mermaid the National Photo Co.
Particles in names of persons
3.13. In foreign names such particles as d�, da, de, della, den, du,
van, and von are capitalized unless preceded by a forename or
title. Individual usage, if ascertainable, should be followed.
Da Ponte; Cardinal da Ponte
Den Uyl; Johannes den Uyl; Prime Minister den Uyl
Du Pont; E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.
Van Rensselaer; Stephen van Rensselaer
Von Braun; Dr. Wernher von Braun
but d'Orbigny; Alcide d'Orbigny; de la Madrid; Miguel de la Madrid
3.14. In anglicized names such particles are usually capitalized,
even if preceded by a forename or title, but individual usage,
if ascertainable, should be followed.
Justice Van Devanter; Reginald De Koven
Thomas De Quincey; William De Morgan
Henry van Dyke (his usage)
Samuel F. Du Pont (his usage); Ir�n�e du Pont
3.15. If copy is not clear as to the form of such a name (for
example, La Forge or Laforge), the two-word form should be
used.
De Kalb County (AL, GA, IL, IN)
but DeKalb County (TN)
3.16. In names set in capitals, de, von, etc., are also capitalized.
Names of organized bodies
3.17. The full names of existing or proposed organized bodies and
their shortened names are capitalized; other substitutes, which
are most often regarded as common nouns, are capitalized only
in certain specified instances to indicate preeminence or
distinction.
National governmental units:
U.S. Congress: 110th Congress; the Congress; Congress; the Senate;
the House; Committee of the Whole, the Committee; but committee
(all other con gressional committees)
Department of Agriculture: the Department; Division of Publications,
the Division; similarly all major departmental units; but
legislative, executive, and judicial departments
Bureau of the Census: the Census Bureau, the Bureau; but the agency
Environmental Protection Agency: the Agency
Geological Survey: the Survey
Government Printing Office: the Printing Office, the Office
American Embassy, British Embassy: the Embassy; but the consulate;
the consulate general
Treasury of the United States: General Treasury; National Treasury;
Public Treasury; the Treasury; Treasury notes; New York
Subtreasury, the subtreasury
Department of Defense: Military Establishment; Armed Forces;
All-Volunteer Forces; but armed services
U.S. Army: the Army; All-Volunteer Army; the Infantry; 81st Regiment;
Army Establishment; the Army Band; Army officer; Regular Army
officer; Reserve offi cer; Volunteer offi cer; but army shoe;
Grant's army; Robinson�s brigade; the brigade; the corps; the
regiment; infantryman
U.S. Navy: the Navy; the Marine Corps; Navy (Naval) Establishment;
Navy officer; but naval shipyard; naval officer; naval station
U.S. Air Force: the Air Force
U.S. Coast Guard: the Coast Guard
French Ministry of Foreign Affairs; the Ministry; French Army;
British Navy
International organizations:
United Nations: the Council; the Assembly; the Secretariat
Permanent Court of Arbitration: the Court; the Tribunal (only in the
proceedings of a specific arbitration tribunal)
Hague Peace Conference of 1907: the Hague Conference; the Peace
Conference; the Conference
Common-noun substitutes:
Virginia General Assembly: the assembly
California State Highway Commission: Highway Commission of
California; the highway commission; the commission
Montgomery County Board of Health: the Board of Health, Montgomery
County; the board of health; the board
Common Council of the City of Pittsburgh: the common council; the
council
Buffalo Consumers' League: the consumers' league; the league
Republican Party: the party
Southern Railroad Co.: the Southern Railroad; Southern Co.; Southern
Road; the railroad company; the company
Riggs National Bank: the Riggs Bank; the bank
Metropolitan Club: the club
Yale School of Law: Yale University School of Law; School of Law,
Yale University; school of law
3.18. The names of members and adherents of organized bodies are
capitalized to distinguish them from the same words used merely
in a descriptive sense.
a Representative (U.S.) a Shriner a Boy Scout
a Republican a Socialist a Knight (K.C.,
K.P., etc.)
an Elk an Odd Fellow
a Federalist a Communist
Names of countries, domains, and administrative divisions
3.19. The official designations of countries, national domains, and
their principal administrative divisions are capitalized only
if used as part of proper names, as proper names, or as proper
adjectives. (See Chapter 17, Principal Foreign Countries
table.)
United States: the Republic; the Nation; the Union; the
Government; also Federal, Federal Government; but
republic (when not referring specifi cally to one such
entity); republican (in general sense); a nation devoted
to peace
New York State: the State, a State (a definite political
subdivision of fi rst rank); State of Veracruz; Balkan
States; six States of Australia; State rights; but state
(referring to a federal government, the body politic);
foreign states; church and state; statehood; state's
evidence
Territory (Canada): Yukon, Northwest Territories; the
Territory(ies), Territorial; but territory of American
Samoa, Guam, Virgin Islands
Dominion of Canada: the Dominion; but dominion (in general
sense)
Ontario Province, Province of Ontario: the Province,
Provincial; but province, provincial (in general sense)
3.20. The similar designations commonwealth, confederation (federal),
government, nation (national), powers, republic, etc., are
capitalized only if used as part of proper names, as proper
names, or as proper adjectives.
British Commonwealth, Commonwealth of Virginia: the
Commonwealth; but a commonwealth government (general
sense)
Swiss Confederation: the Confederation; the Federal Council;
the Federal Government; but confederation, federal (in
general sense)
French Government: the Government; French and Italian
Governments: the Governments; but government (in general
sense); the Churchill government; European governments
Cherokee Nation: the nation; but Greek nation; American
nations
National Government (of any specifi c nation); but national
customs Allied Powers, Allies (in World Wars I and II);
but our allies, weaker allies; Central Powers (in World
War I); but the powers; European powers
Republic of South Africa: the Republic; but republic (in
general sense)
Names of regions, localities, and geographic features
3.21. A descriptive term used to denote a definite region, locality,
or geographic feature is a proper name and is therefore
capitalized; also for temporary distinction a coined name of a
region is capitalized.
the North Atlantic States Middle East
the Gulf States Middle Eastern
the Central States Mideast
the Pacific Coast States Mideastern (Asia)
the Lake States Near East (Balkans, etc.)
East North Central States the Promised Land
Eastern North Central States the Continent
(continental Europe)
Far Western States the Western Hemisphere
Eastern United States the North Pole
the West the North and South Poles
the Midwest the Temperate Zone
the Middle West the Torrid Zone
the Far West the East Side
the Eastern Shore (Chesapeake Bay) Lower East Side (sections
the Badlands (SD and NE) of a city)
the Continental Divide Western Europe, Central
Deep South (political entities)
Midsouth
the Far East but
Far Eastern lower 48 (States)
the East the Northeast corridor
3.22. A descriptive term used to denote mere direction or position is
not a proper name and is therefore not capitalized.
north; south; east; west
northerly; northern; northward
eastern; oriental; occidental
east Pennsylvania
southern California
northern Virginia
west Florida; but West Florida (1763-1819)
eastern region; western region
north-central region
east coast; eastern seaboard
northern Italy
southern France
but East Germany; West Germany (former political entities)
Names of calendar divisions
3.23. The names of calendar divisions are capitalized.
January; February; March; etc.
Monday; Tuesday; Wednesday; etc.
but spring; summer; autumn (fall); winter
Names of holidays, etc.
3.24. The names of holidays and ecclesiastic feast and fast days are
capitalized.
April Fools' Day Independence Day
Arbor Day Labor Day
Armed Forces Day Lincoln's Birthday
Birthday of Martin Luther Memorial Day (also
King, Jr. Decoration Day)
Christmas Day, Eve Mother's Day
Columbus Day New Year's Day, Eve
Father's Day Presidents Day
Feast of the Passover; the Passover Ramadan
Flag Day Rosh Hashanah
Fourth of July; the Fourth St. Valentine's Day
Halloween Thanksgiving Day
Hanukkah Washington's Birthday
Hogmanay Yom Kippur
Inauguration Day (Federal) but election day,
primary day
Trade names and trademarks
3.25. Trade names, variety names, and names of market grades and
brands are capitalized. Some trade names have come into usage
as generic terms (e.g., cellophane, thermos, and aspirin); when
reference is being made to the formal company or specifi c
product name, capitalization should be used. (See Chapter 4
``Capitalization Examples'' trade names and trademarks.)
Choice lamb (market grade) Xerox (the company)
Red Radiance rose (variety) but photocopy (the process)
Scientific names
3.26. The name of a phylum, class, order, family, or genus is
capitalized. The name of a species is not capitalized, even
though derived from a proper name. (See rule 11.9.)
Arthropoda (phylum), Crustacea (class), Hypoparia (order),
Agnostidae (family), Agnostus (genus)
Agnostus canadensis; Aconitum wilsoni; Epigaea repens (genus
and species)
3.27. In scientific descriptions coined terms derived from proper
names are not capitalized.
aviculoid menodontine
3.28. Any plural formed by adding s to a Latin generic name is
capitalized.
Rhynchonellas Spirifers
3.29. In soil science the 12 soil orders are capitalized. (See
Chapter 4 ``Capitalization Examples'' soil orders.)
Alfi sols Andisols Aridisols
3.30. Capitalize the names of the celestial bodies as well as the
planets.
Sun Earth Venus
Moon Mercury Mars
Jupiter Uranus but the moons of Jupiter
Saturn Neptune
Historical or political events
3.31. Names of historical or political events used as a proper name are
capitalized.
Battle of Bunker Hill Middle Ages Revolution, the
Christian Era New Deal American, 1775
D-day New Federalism English, 1688
Dust Bowl New Frontier French, 1789
Fall of Rome Prohibition Russian, 1917
Great Depression Restoration, the V-E Day
Great Society Reformation War of 1812
Holocaust, the Renaissance War on Poverty
but Korean war; cold war; Vietnam war; gulf war
Personification
3.32. A vivid personification is capitalized.
The Chair recognizes the gentlewoman from New York;
but I spoke with the chair yesterday.
For Nature wields her scepter mercilessly.
All are architects of Fate,
Working in these walls of Time.
Religious terms
3.33. Words denoting the Deity except who, whose, and whom; names for
the Bible and other sacred writings and their parts; names of
confessions of faith and of religious bodies and their
adherents; and words specifically denoting Satan are all
capitalized.
Heavenly Father; the Almighty; Lord; Th ee; Thou; He; Him; but
himself; You, Your; Thy, Thine; [God's] fatherhood
Mass; red Mass; Communion
Divine Father; but divine providence; divine guidance; divine
service
Son of Man; Jesus' sonship; the Messiah; but a messiah;
messiahship; messianic; messianize; christology;
christological
Bible, Holy Scriptures, Scriptures, Word; Koran; also Biblical;
Scriptural; Koranic
New Testament; Ten Commandments
Gospel (memoir of Christ); but gospel music
Apostles' Creed; Augsburg Confession; Thirty-nine Articles
Episcopal Church; an Episcopalian; Catholicism; a Protestant
Christian; also Christendom; Christianity; Christianize
Black Friars; Brother(s); King�s Daughters; Daughter(s);
Ursuline Sisters;
Sister(s) Satan; the Devil; but a devil; the devils; devil's advocate
Titles of persons
3.34. Civil, religious, military, and professional titles, as well as
those of nobility, immediately preceding a name are
capitalized.
President Bush Dr. Bellinger
Queen Elizabeth II Nurse Joyce Norton
Ambassador Acton Professor Leverett
Lieutenant Fowler Examiner Jones (law)
Chairman Williams Vice-Presidential
candidate Smith
but baseball player Ripken; maintenance man Flow; foreman Collins
3.35. To indicate preeminence or distinction in certain specifi ed
instances, a common-noun title immediately following the name
of a person or used alone as a substitute for it is
capitalized.
Title of a head or assistant head of state:
George W. Bush, President of the United States: the President;
the President-elect; the Executive; the Chief Magistrate;
the Commander in Chief; ex-President Clinton; former
President Truman; similarly the Vice President; the
Vice-President-elect; ex-Vice-President Gore
Tim Kaine, Governor of Virginia: the Governor of Virginia; the
Governor; similarly the Lieutenant Governor; but secretary
of state of Idaho; attorney general of Maine
Title of a head or assistant head of an existing or a proposed National
governmental unit:
Condoleezza Rice, Secretary of State: the Secretary; similarly
the Acting Secretary; the Under Secretary; the Assistant
Secretary; the Director; the Chief or Assistant Chief; the
Chief Clerk; but Secretaries of the military departments;
secretaryship
Titles of the military:
General of the Army(ies): United States only; Supreme Allied
Commander; Admiral Michael Mullen, Chairman, Joint Chiefs of
Staff; Joint Chiefs of Staff; Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Force;
the Chief of Staff ; but the commanding general; general
(military title standing alone not capitalized)
Titles of members of diplomatic corps:
Walter S. Gifford, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary:
the American Ambassador; the British Ambassador; the
Ambassador; the Senior Ambassador; His Excellency; similarly
the Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary; the
Envoy; the Minister; the Charg� d'Affaires; the Charg�;
Ambassador at Large; Minister Without Portfolio; but the
consul general; the consul; the attach�
Title of a ruler or prince:
Elizabeth II, Queen of England: the Queen; the Crown; Her Most
Gracious Majesty; Her Majesty; similarly the Emperor; the
Sultan
Charles, Prince of Wales: the Prince; His Royal Highness Titles
not capitalized:
Charles F. Hughes, rear admiral, U.S. Navy: the rear admiral
Steven Knapp, president of The George Washington University: the
president
C.H. Eckles, professor of dairy husbandry: the professor
Barbara Prophet, chairwoman of the committee; the chairman; the
chairperson; the chair
3.36. In formal lists of delegates and representatives of
governments, all titles and descriptive designations
immediately following the names should be capitalized if any
one is capitalized.
3.37. A title in the second person is capitalized.
Your Excellency Mr. Chairman but not salutations:
Your Highness Madam Chairman my dear General
Your Honor Mr. Secretary my dear sir
Titles of publications, papers, documents, acts, laws, etc.
3.38. In the full or short English titles of periodicals, series of
publications, annual reports, historic documents, and works of
art, the first word and all important words are capitalized.
Statutes at Large; Revised Statutes; District Code;
Bancroft's History; Journal (House or Senate) (short
titles); but the code; the statutes
Atlantic Charter; Balfour Declaration; but British white
paper
Chicago's American; but Chicago American Publishing Co.
Reader's Digest; but New York Times Magazine; Newsweek
magazine
Monograph 55; Research Paper 123; Bulletin 420; Circular A;
Article 15: Uniform Code of Military Justice; Senate
Document 70; House Resolution 45; Presidential
Proclamation No. 24; Executive Order No. 24; Royal Decree
No. 24; Public Law 89-1; Private and Union Calendars;
Calendar No. 80; Calendar Wednesday; Committee Print No.
32, committee print; but Senate bill 416; House bill 61;
Congressional Record
Annual Report of the Public Printer, 2007; but seventh annual
report, 19th annual report
Declaration of Independence; the Declaration
Constitution (United States or with name of country);
constitutional; but New York State constitution: first
amendment, 12th amendment
Kellogg Pact; North Atlantic Pact; Atlantic Pact; Treaty of
Versailles; Jay Treaty; but treaty of peace, the treaty
(descriptive designations); treaty of 1919
United States v. Four Hundred Twenty-two Casks of Wine (law)
American Gothic, Nighthawks (paintings)
3.39. All principal words are capitalized in titles of addresses,
articles, books, captions, chapter and part headings,
editorials, essays, headings, headlines, motion pictures and
plays (including television and radio programs), papers, short
poems, reports, songs, subheadings, subjects, and themes. The
foregoing are also quoted.
3.40. In the short or popular titles of acts (Federal, State, or
foreign) the first word and all important words are
capitalized.
Revenue Act; Walsh-Healey Act; Freedom of Information Act;
Classification Act; but the act; Harrison narcotic law;
Harrison narcotic bill; interstate commerce law; sunset law
3.41. The capitalization of the titles of books, etc., written in a
foreign language is to conform to the national practice in that
language.
First words
3.42. The first word of a sentence, of an independent clause or
phrase, of a direct quotation, of a formally introduced series
of items or phrases following a comma or colon, or of a line of
poetry, is capitalized.
The question is, Shall the bill pass?
He asked, ``And where are you going?''
The vote was as follows: In the affirmative, 23; in the
negative, 11; not voting, 3.
Lives of great men all remind us
We can make our lives sublime.
3.43. The first word of a fragmentary quotation is not capitalized.
She objected ``to the phraseology, not to the ideas.''
3.44. The first word following a colon, an exclamation point, or a
question mark is not capitalized if the matter following is
merely a supplementary remark making the meaning clearer.
Revolutions are not made: they come.
Intelligence is not replaced by mechanism: even the televox
must be guided by
its master's voice.
But two months dead! nay, not so much; not two.
What is this? Your knees to me? to your corrected son?
3.45. The first word following Whereas in resolutions, contracts,
etc., is not capitalized; the first word following an enacting
or resolving clause is capitalized.
Whereas the Constitution provides * * *; and
Whereas, moreover, * * *: Therefore be it
Whereas the Senate provided for the * * *: Now, therefore,
be it
Resolved, That * * *; and be it further
Resolved (jointly), That * * *
Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate
concurring), That * * *.
(Concurrent resolution, Federal Government.)
Resolved by the Senate of Oklahoma (the House of
Representatives concurring therein), That * * *.
(Concurrent resolution, using name of State.)
Resolved by the senate (the house of representatives
concurring therein), That* * *.
(Concurrent resolution, not using name of State.)
Resolved by the Assembly and Senate of the State of
California (jointly), That* * *.
(Joint resolution, using name of State.)
Resolved by the Washington Board of Trade, That * * *
Provided, That * * *
Provided further, That * * *
Provided, however, That * * *
And provided further, That * * *
Ordered, That * * *
Be it enacted, That * * *
Center and side heads
3.46. Unless otherwise marked, centerheads are set in capitals, and
side-heads are set in lowercase and only the first word and
proper names are capitalized. In centerheads making two lines,
wordbreaks should be avoided. Th e first line should be
centered and set as full as possible.
3.47. In heads set in caps, a small-cap c or ac, if available, is
used in such names as McLean or MacLeod; otherwise a lowercase
c or ac is used. In heads set in small caps, a thin space is
used aft er the c or the ac.
3.48. In such names as LeRoy, DeHostis, LaFollette, etc. (one-word
forms only), set in caps, the second letter of the particle is
made a small cap, if available; otherwise lowercase is used. In
heads set in small caps, a thin space is used. (See rule 3.15.)
3.49. In matter set in caps and small caps or caps and lowercase,
capitalize all principal words, including parts of compounds
which would be capitalized standing alone. Th e articles a, an,
and the; the prepositions at, by, for, in, of, on, to, and up;
the conjunctions and, as, but, if, or, and nor; and the second
element of a compound numeral are not capitalized. (See also
rule 8.129.)
World en Route to All-Out War
Curfew To Be Set for 10 o�Clock
Man Hit With 2-Inch Pipe
No-Par-Value Stock for Sale
Yankees May Be Winners in Zig-Zag Race
Ex-Senator Is To Be Admitted
Notice of Filing and Order on Exemption From Requirements
but Building on Twenty-first Street (if spelled)
One Hundred Twenty-three Years (if spelled)
Only One-tenth of Shipping Was Idle
Many 35-Millimeter Films in Production
Built-Up Stockpiles Are Necessary (Up is an adverb here)
His Per Diem Was Increased (Per Diem is used as a noun
here); Lower Taxes per Person (per is a preposition
here)
3.50. If a normally lowercased short word is used in juxtaposition
with a capitalized word of like significance, it should also be
capitalized.
Buildings In and Near the Minneapolis Mall
3.51. In a heading set in caps and lowercase or in caps and small
caps, a normally lowercased last word, if it is the only
lowercased word in the heading, should also be capitalized.
All Returns Are In
3.52. The first element of an infinitive is capitalized.
Controls To Be Applied
but Aid Sent to Disaster Area
3.53. In matter set in caps and small caps, such abbreviations as
etc., et al., and p.m. are set in small caps; in matter set in
caps and lowercase, these abbreviations are set in lowercase.
Planes, Guns, Ships, etc. In re the 8 p.m. Meeting
Planes, Guns, Ships, etc. In re the 8 p.m. Meeting
James Bros. et al. (no comma)
James Bros. et al.
3.54. Paragraph series letters in parentheses appearing in heads set
in caps, caps and small caps, small caps, or in caps and
lowercase are to be set as in copy.
section 1.580(f)(1)
Addresses, salutations, and signatures
3.55. The first word and all principal words in addresses,
salutations, and signatures are capitalized. See Chapter 16
``Datelines, Addresses, and Signatures.''
Interjections
3.56. The interjection ``O'' is always capitalized. Interjections
within a sentence are not capitalized.
Sail on, O Ship of State!
For lo! the days are hastening on.
But, oh, how fortunate!
Historic or documentary accuracy
3.57. Where historic, documentary, technical, or scientific accuracy
is required, capitalization and other features of style of the
original text should be followed.