[Department of the Interior Contracting for Temporary and Critical Staffing]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

Report No. C-EV-MOA-0094-2003

Title: Department of the Interior Contracting for Temporary and
       Critical Staffing



Date: September 30, 2004


***************************************DISCLAIMER***************************** 
This file contains an ASCII representation of an OIG report. No attempt has been made to display graphic images or illustrations. Some tables may be included, but may not resemble those in the printed version. A printed copy of this report may be obtained by referring to the PDF file or by calling the Office of Inspector General, Division of Acquisition and Management Operations at (202) 219-3841. 
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Subject: Department of the Interior Contracting for Temporary and Critical Staffing (No. C-EV-MOA-0094-2003)










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In todayï¿½s environment a more flexible workforce is needed to accomplish the Department of the Interiorï¿½s missions and tasks.  Permanent federal employees are not always the best option to meet temporary or short-term mission needs.  Contracting for temporary staff for short-term projects offers more flexibility than hiring additional permanent workers.  The Department and its bureaus and offices (hereinafter referred to as agencies) have used this method on an as needed basis.  The objective of our effort was to evaluate the Departmentï¿½s management of its contracting for temporary and critical staffing needs.  

We concluded that neither the Department nor individual agencies had developed an overall approach or guidelines for acquiring non-permanent staff.  The lack of management information and oversight leaves this area open to questionable practices and abuse.  The agencies are not ensuring that they receive best value for contracted services.

























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Federal agencies can obtain additional personnel to complete projects or perform administrative and professional tasks through various contracting methods.  These methods include:

> Using a franchise fund agency authorized under the Government Management Reform Act (Public Law 103-356) to acquire common administrative services.  The franchise fund agency generally provides contracting services to meet the needs of agencies requesting temporary staff.

> Using General Services Administration (GSA) contracts.  Two common GSA contract types are the Management, Organizational and Business Improvement Services (MOBIS) and the Temporary Administrative and Professional Staffing (TAPS).

* The MOBIS contract is task oriented and the period of employment for each contractor will match the duration of the task. 

* The TAPS contract is used to temporarily hire administrative and professional personnel.  It is appropriate to use TAPS when agencies temporarily require additional assistance due to increased workload or when other staff members are unavailable, for example due to a personal emergency.   The Code of Federal Regulations (5 CFR ï¿½ 300.504) limits these temporary workers to a maximum of 240 workdays within a 24-month period.

> Using Federal procurement regulations to contract directly with individuals or companies, or temporary staffing agencies.  Under this method, agencies must award the contracts on a competitive basis and administer the contracts.  Under the other methods the contracts are awarded and administered by the contracting sources.

The method selected in each case should be based on the agencyï¿½s specific need. 













Neither the Department nor individual agencies have developed an overall approach or guidelines for acquiring non-permanent administrative and professional staff.  Individual agency officials believed that they were acting in a manner appropriate to accomplish the agency mission when making contracting decisions, but we discovered the use of several questionable contracting practices.  The agencies were:

> Not ensuring that contracted services were needed.

> Using wrong contract sources.

> Not ensuring appropriate pay rates were established for temporary staff.

> Requesting specific individuals without sole-source justifications.

Agency contracting and human resource officials were not always involved or informed about the temporary staffing decisions.  None of the agencies we reviewed had accurate information about the numbers or types of temporary staff acquired.

The lack of management information and oversight leaves this area open to questionable practices and abuse.  Further, the agencies are not ensuring that best value is received for contracting dollars.

The agencies need to develop guidance for contracting for non-permanent professional and administrative staff.  The guidance should include:

> Establishing oversight responsibilities.

> Ensuring program managers coordinate with contracting officials to select the proper contracting methods to obtain non-permanent staff.

> Ensuring program managers coordinate with human resource officials to adequately determine the need for additional resources.


Agency officials are not adequately determining that they need additional personnel resources to accomplish the workload.  For example:

> One agency arranged a contract to hire a retired employee to perform the same duties he had performed as an employee.  The agency also hired an individual to fill the retireeï¿½s vacancy.  The agency now has two individuals performing the work previously performed by one employee.  The agency did not perform a workload analysis to determine its resource needs before both hiring a contractor to perform the work and filling the vacancy.

Recommendation 1
Agencies should have a process to understand workload requirements before decisions are made to acquire additional staff.  This process should include determining in each case whether the agencyï¿½s need would best be met through a contract or permanent federal employee.

Department Response

The Department concurred with this recommendation.  The Department plans to develop and issue a workforce planning advisory that will identify Human Resources Specialistsï¿½ role and responsibility for advising program managers when they are making the decision to hire whether the appointment should be temporary, term, or permanent.

OIG Conclusion

OIG considers this recommendation resolved but not implemented.

Agency officials are not always using the correct contract sources for acquiring non-permanent staff.  For example:

> An agency incorrectly used a GSA contract method intended to provide task-oriented work to acquire temporary help for an on-going service.  By using the incorrect contracting method, the agency was able to avoid time limitations for temporary help.

> An agency incorrectly used temporary contracting sources to fill needs of longer durations.  These temporary contracting sources have specified time limits established by the Code of Federal Regulations.  The agency retained contracted temporary staff beyond the allowable limits.

Recommendation 2

Agencies should develop and follow guidance to ensure that the correct contract method is used when acquiring non-permanent staff.

Department Response

The Department did not concur with this recommendation.  The Department advised that Government-wide guidance is available related to selection of the proper contracting vehicle and that the Office of Human Resources and Office of Acquisition and Property Management will (1) issue guidance reiterating regulations related to the acquisition of temporary services and (2) require agencies develop and issue procedures implementing those requirements.

OIG Conclusion

Based on the alternative action presented by the Department, OIG considers this recommendation resolved but not implemented.


The agencies were proposing pay rates for non-permanent staff to contracting sources rather than relying on the contracting sources for competitive rates.  As a result, the agencies were not ensuring that the lowest price or best value was received.  For example:

> A retiree was paid 53.7 percent more per hour as a contract employee than as a regular full-time employee.  The retiree was contracted to perform work that, as a full-time employee, she had supervised rather than performed.   The agency did not work with the contracting source to obtain a competitive pay rate, and the agency could not provide support for the increased pay rate.

Recommendation 3

Agencies should ensure that competitive rates are obtained through the contracting source for non-permanent staff.

Department Response

The Department concurred with this recommendation.  The Department stated that the Office of Human Resources and the Office of Acquisition and Property Management will issue guidance reiterating the need to obtain competitive rates, and bureaus will be required to issue procedures implementing the regulations.

OIG Conclusion

OIG considers this recommendation resolved but not implemented.

Agencies are requesting specific individuals from a franchise fund agency to perform contract services.  The agencies are not justifying their needs for specific individuals.  For example:

> We reviewed 20 requests for temporary staff at two agencies.  Of the 20 requests, 13 specifically identified an individual to fill the position on the request form, and one agency verbally requested 5 additional individuals.  Of the 18 individuals that were identified, 14 were retired employees.  The agencies had not prepared justifications for each of the requests and when questioned could only fully justify 1 of the 18 as requiring that specific individual.

Recommendation 4

Agencies should only request specific individuals for a contract position when the agency can substantiate that no one else can perform the work.

Department Response

The Department concurred with this recommendation and stated that the Office of Human Resources and the Office of Acquisition and Property Management will issue Department-wide policy, based on the FAR and other regulations, implementing standards to substantiate the need for hiring specific individuals for temporary services.

OIG Conclusion

OIG considers this recommendation resolved but not implemented.



Neither the Department nor the agencies we reviewed could provide accurate information on the numbers of contracted staff that had been hired.  For example:

> One agencyï¿½s contracting office stated that the agency had submitted 15 requests over a two-year period through a franchise fund agency.  We obtained staffing reports from the franchise fund agency that stated the agency submitted 279 requests over that two-year period. 

Without accurate and complete information on the numbers of contracted staff hired or the methodologies used, neither Department nor agency management has assurance that sound decisions are made or best practices are used to acquire temporary or non-federal staff.

Recommendation 5

The Department or the agencies should develop an oversight program(s), which would include a management information system to accumulate and report on the numbers and purposes of contract actions to acquire temporary staff.
	
Department Response

The Department did not concur with this recommendation.  The Department stated that the recommendation is contrary to the Government-wide requirements on the use of performance-based service contracts which describe the expected results rather than identify the number of people required to perform a task.  The Department believes that the Federal Procurement Data Systemï¿½Next Generation reports coupled with the certifications regarding employment of temporary services that will be required as part of each bureauï¿½s process for hiring temporary services 


(response to Recommendation 2) adequately meets the requirement at 5 CFR, Chapter 1, Subpart E, Section 300.507, that agencies ï¿½maintain records 
and provide oversight to establish that their use of temporary help service firms is consistent with these regulations.ï¿½

OIG Conclusion

OIG considers this recommendation unresolved.  We continue to believe that the Department must have a vehicle to identify contract actions for temporary staff in order to provide the necessary oversight.  We were unable to obtain accurate data on temporary staff during this evaluation.  However, based on the Federal Procurement Data Systemï¿½Next Generation described in the response, we have modified the recommendation and request that you respond to the revised recommendation as shown on page 8.  



























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Our objective was to evaluate the Department of the Interiorï¿½s management of its contracting for temporary and critical staffing needs.

We conducted the evaluation at the Bureau of Land Management Denver Service Center and Colorado State Office; the Bureau of Reclamation Denver Office; the Fish and Wildlife Service; the Geological Survey; and the National Park Service Washington Contracting and Procurement office, Denver Service Center, and Intermountain Regional office.  Our evaluation focused on contracting activities for temporary staff during fiscal years 2002 and 2003.

Our evaluation was conducted in accordance with the Quality Standards for Inspections promulgated by the Presidentï¿½s Council on Integrity and Efficiency.  In order to accomplish our objective, we:

> Obtained an understanding of the agenciesï¿½ processes used to contract for temporary and critical staffing needs.

> Interviewed agency officials to determine what methods are used to hire for temporary and critical staffing needs, how many contract staff have been hired, and how the pay rates are determined.

> Reviewed and analyzed relevant documentation regarding contracting for temporary and critical staffing needs.  

The agencies did not accumulate data on the total numbers of contract staff.
























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STATUS OF RECOMMENDATIONS


Recommendation
Status
Action Required
1, 2, 3, and 4
Resolved; not implemented
No further response to the Office of Inspector General is required.  The recommendations will be referred to the Departmentï¿½s Focus Leader for Management Accountability and Audit Follow-up for tracking of implementation.
5
Unresolved.
Respond to the revised recommendation and include a plan identifying actions to be taken, target dates for implementation, and titles of officials responsible for implementation.



























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BACKGROUND










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		       INTRODUCTION




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                   INTRODUCTION





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                 BACKGROUND




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                    RESULTS OF EVALUATION
        



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                      NOT ENSURING CONTRACTED
                      SERVICES WERE NEEDED



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                      USING WRONG CONTRACT
                  SOURCES



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                       NOT ENSURING APPROPRIATE
                       PAY RATES WERE ESTABLISHED
                     FOR TEMPORARY STAFF



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               REQUESTING SPECIFIC
               INDIVIDUALS WITHOUT
               SOLE-SOURCE JUSTIFICATIONS



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                    MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
                   AND OVERSIGHT







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              OBJECTIVE, SCOPE,
             AND METHODOLOGY



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