[Background Material and Data on Programs within the Jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means (Green Book)]
[Front Matter]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]






104th Congress                                                    WMCP:
                           COMMITTEE PRINT
 2d Session                                                      104-14
_______________________________________________________________________



                      COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
                     U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                               ----------                              
 
                             1996 GREEN BOOK
 
[1996 Green Book] BACKGROUND MATERIAL AND DATA ON PROGRAMS WITHIN THE JURISDICTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS

                                     


                                     

                            NOVEMBER 4, 1996

 Prepared for the use of Members of the Committee on Ways and Means by 
members of its staff. This document has not been officially approved by 
       the Committee and may not reflect the views of its Members


                             1996 GREEN BOOK


104th Congress                                                    WMCP:
                            COMMITTEE PRINT
 2d Session                                                      104-14
_______________________________________________________________________



                      COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
                     U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                               __________

                            1996 GREEN BOOK

BACKGROUND MATERIAL AND DATA ON PROGRAMS WITHIN THE JURISDICTION OF THE 
                      COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS

                                     


                                     

                            NOVEMBER 4, 1996

 Prepared for the use of Members of the Committee on Ways and Means by 
members of its staff. This document has not been officially approved by 
       the Committee and may not reflect the views of its Members


                      COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS

                     U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                              ----------                              


                      ONE HUNDRED FOURTH CONGRESS

                      BILL ARCHER, Texas, Chairman

                              ----------                              


                   Phillip D. Moseley, Chief of Staff

    This document was prepared by the majority staff of the 
Committee on Ways and Means and is issued under the authority 
of Chairman Bill Archer. This document has not been reviewed or 
officially approved by the Members of the Committee.


                         LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

                              ----------                              


                     U.S. House of Representatives,
                               Committee on Ways and Means,
                                  Washington, DC, October 31, 1996.

Hon. Bill Archer,
Chairman, Committee on Ways and Means,
House of Representatives, Washington, DC.

    Dear Chairman Archer: Since 1981, the Committee on Ways and 
Means has published the Green Book, which presents background 
material and statistical data on the major entitlement programs 
and other activities within the Committee's jurisdiction. 
Information on major social programs outside the Committee's 
jurisdiction is also included.
    Since its inception 15 years ago, the Green Book has become 
a valuable resource for Members of the Committee, other Members 
of Congress, analysts in the various legislative agencies, 
officials in the executive departments that administer 
children's programs, scholars who study these programs, and 
citizens interested in government social programs.
    On behalf of all those who worked on this, the 15th 
edition, I am pleased to transmit to you and other Members of 
the Committee on Ways and Means the 1996 Green Book.
    The Committee staff who worked on the 1996 Green Book wish 
to call to your attention, and to the attention of Green Book 
users, the superb help we have received from many individuals 
and organizations. These include:

The Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress:
David Koitz, Coordinator
Jennifer O'Sullivan, Coordinator (Health Programs)

Vee Burke                Frances Larkins          Dennis Snook          
Larry Eig                Carolyn Merck            Carmen Solomon-       
Gene Falk                Christina Miller           Fears               
Melvina Ford             Jennifer Neisner         Karen Spar            
Molly Forman             Richard Price            James Storey          
Celinda Franco           Patrick Purcell          Joyce Vialet          
Thomas E. Gabe           Joe Richardson           Ruth Wasem            
Geoffrey Kollmann        Alexandra Salinas        Heidi Yacker          
William Krouse           Madeleine Smith                                
                                                                        


The Congressional Budget Office:
Murray Ross, Coordinator

Sandra Christensen       Bruce Vavrichek          Jennifer Winkler      
Carla Pedone             Roberton Williams                              
                                                                        


The Census Bureau of the Department of Commerce:
Chuck Nelson, Coordinator

Eleanor Baugher          Martin O'Connell         Linda Showalter       
Rosalind Bruno           Arlene Saluter           Denise Smith          
Annetta Clark-Smith      Kathleen Short           Gregory Spencer       
                                                                        


The Department of Health and Human Services:
Wendell Primus, Coordinator

Lisa K. Bernhardt        Gerald A. Joireman       James H. Rich         
Maria Diacogiannis       Andrea Kopstein          Richard J. Silva      
John A. Gaudiosi         George D. Lintzeris      Clarence Small        
Renee R. Jackson         Kathryn G. Moss                                
                                                                        


The Department of Labor:
Richard Hobbie, Coordinator

Virginia Chupp           Curtis Kooser            Diana Runner          
Russell T. Kile          Michael Miller                                 
                                                                        


The Social Security Administration:
Webster Phillips, Coordinator

Judy Chesser             Carl Durham                                    
                                                                        


The Physician Payment Review Commission:
David Colby, Coordinator

The Prospective Payment Assessment Commission:
Stuart Gutterman, Coordinator

Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation:
Joseph Grant, Coordinator

Michael Rae

The Joint Committee on Taxation:
Kenneth J. Kies, Coordinator

Railroad Retirement Board Staff


    Many members of the Committee's majority staff made major 
contributions to the preparation and publication of this 
document. Ron Haskins, Staff Director of the Subcommittee on 
Human Resources, assisted by Matt Weidinger and Cassie Statuto 
Bevan of the Subcommittee staff, edited the 1996 Green Book. 
Scot Smith, also a member of the Subcommittee staff, 
coordinated our contacts with all the Federal agencies and 
prepared or supervised preparation of all the tables. Margaret 
Pratt of the Subcommittee staff, along with Suzanne Kayne, 
Queenie Long, and Linda Swift of the Government Printing 
Office, prepared the many versions of the individual chapters 
and appendixes. Other staff members who assisted with 
individual chapters or appendixes included: Thelma J. Askey, 
Darren Bearson, Scott Brenner, James D. Clark, Crissie Curtis, 
Pete Davila, Angela Ellard, Mary Anne Gee, Richard Gelles, 
Elise Gemeinhardt, Allison Giles, Timothy L. Hanford, John 
Harrington, Kim Hildred, Charles N. (Chip) Kahn III, Kacki 
Keith, Chris Mann, David Manns, William (Mac) McKenney, Kathy 
Means, Norah H. Moseley, Valerie Nixon, Chris Smith, Donna 
Steele Flynn, and Stephen Whitaker.
    Any suggestions about the organization, content, or 
presentation of material in this edition of the Green Book are 
welcome and will be considered in the preparation of subsequent 
editions.
            Sincerely,
                                        Phillip D. Moseley,
                                                    Chief of Staff.


                             P R E F A C E

                              ----------                              

    After 13 previous editions, the Green Book has become a 
standard reference source on American social policy. It is 
widely used by Members of Congress and their staffs, program 
analysts in Congressional agencies, members of the media, 
scholars, and citizens interested in the Nation's social 
policy.
    This edition of the Green Book follows the basic pattern of 
previous editions. Thus, the volume is divided into two major 
sections, Program Descriptions and Appendixes. In the first 
section, separate chapters are devoted to the major programs 
under jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means: Social 
Security, Railroad Retirement, Medicare, Supplemental Security 
Income, Unemployment Compensation, Railroad Unemployment 
Compensation, Trade Adjustment Assistance, Aid to Families with 
Dependent Children, Child Support Enforcement, child care, the 
Title XX Social Services Block Grant, child protection, social 
programs in the territories, tax provisions that confer social 
benefits, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, and a final 
chapter that summarizes major social programs that are not 
under jurisdiction of the Committee (including food stamps, 
Medicaid, housing, school lunch and breakfast, the Special 
Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and 
Children, the Job Training Partnership Act, Head Start, low-
income home energy assistance, veterans benefits, and workers' 
compensation).
    The appendixes include information directly related to the 
programs under Committee jurisdiction, including but not 
limited to, health care of the elderly, health care 
expenditures, Medicare reimbursement of hospitals and 
physicians, employment and unemployment, earnings, family 
demographics, poverty, benefits available to noncitizens, and 
Federal spending.
    This year's Green Book contains several new features. 
Perhaps the most important is a greatly expanded index. Due to 
publication deadlines, information from the appendixes is not 
included in the index. This edition also includes an outline of 
contents at the beginning of each section to provide readers 
with a preview of material contained in the section and a 
summary of the section's organization. Several of the sections, 
including those on Social Security, Aid to Families with 
Dependent Children, Child Support Enforcement, child care, and 
child protection have been extensively revised and rewritten. 
The section on Social Security contains the information 
presented in three separate chapters in previous editions. In 
addition, new appendixes on social spending and benefits 
available to noncitizens have been added.
    With a few exceptions, this edition does not reflect 
changes in law enacted by the second session of the 104th 
Congress. As this edition of the Green Book neared completion, 
Congress passed Public Law 104-193, the Personal Responsibility 
and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. This 
legislation, signed into law on August 22, 1996 by President 
Clinton, contains major changes in the Aid to Families with 
Dependent Children Program, child care programs, the 
Supplemental Security Income Program, Title XX, and several 
other programs described in the Green Book. Rather than 
revising this year's edition to reflect all the program changes 
made by the new law and thereby delaying production, the 
original program descriptions were left intact and a detailed 
summary of the new law was added (see appendix L). The next 
edition of the Green Book will include descriptions of changes 
made by the new law in each of the relevant program sections.


                            C O N T E N T S

                               __________
                                                                   Page
Letter of Transmittal............................................   iii

Preface..........................................................     v

                P R O G R A M    D E S C R I P T I O N S

Section 1. Social Security: The Old-Age, Survivors, and 
  Disability Insurance (OASDI) Programs..........................     1
Section 2. Railroad Retirement System............................   117
Section 3. Medicare..............................................   131
Section 4. Supplemental Security Income (SSI)....................   257
Section 5. Unemployment Compensation.............................   327
Section 6. Railroad Unemployment Compensation System.............   361
Section 7. Trade Adjustment Assistance...........................   369
Section 8. Aid to Families with Dependent Children and Related 
  Programs (Title IV-A)..........................................   383
Section 9. Child Support Enforcement Program.....................   529
Section 10. Child Care...........................................   625
Section 11. Title XX Social Services Block Grant Program.........   679
Section 12. Child Protection, Foster Care, and Adoption 
  Assistance.....................................................   691
Section 13. Federal Social Welfare Programs in Outlying Areas....   767
Section 14. Tax Provisions Related to Retirement, Health, 
  Poverty, Employment, Disability and Other Social Issues........   773
Section 15. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.............   837
Section 16. Other Programs.......................................   853

                          A P P E N D I X E S

Appendix A. Data on the Elderly..................................   953
Appendix B. Health Status, Insurance, and Expenditures of the 
  Elderly, and Background Data on Long-Term Care.................   967
Appendix C. National and International Health Care Expenditures 
  and Health Insurance Coverage..................................   993
Appendix D. Medicare Reimbursement to Hospitals..................  1039
Appendix E. Medicare Reimbursement to Physicians.................  1111
Appendix F. Data on Employment, Earnings, and Unemployment.......  1159
Appendix G. Data on Families.....................................  1177
Appendix H. Data on Poverty......................................  1221
Appendix I. Budget Tables........................................  1265
Appendix J. Noncitizens..........................................  1295
Appendix K. Spending for Income-Tested Benefits, Fiscal Years 
  1968-94........................................................  1315
Appendix L. Summary of Welfare Reforms Made by Public Law 104-
  193, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity 
  Reconciliation Act and Associated Legislation..................  1325

Index............................................................  1419