    [Soviet Espionage Activities in Connection with Jet Propulsion and Aircraft]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

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    SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  ACTIVITIES  IN  CONNECTION  WITH
    A /> 7     JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT

    HEARINGS

    BEFORE  THE

    COMMITTEE  ON  UN-AMERICAN  ACTIVITIES
    HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES

    EIGHTY-FIEST  CONGRESS

    FIRST  SESSION

    JUNE  6,  1949

    Printed  for  the  use  of  the  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities

    111918

    UNITED   STATES

    GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICB

    WASHINGTON  :  1949

    1

    /

    '       -».  S.  SUfWimEMWtT  m  UUW<«W»

    JUL  19  1949

    COMMITTEE  ON  UN-AMERICAN  ACTIVITIES
    United  States  House  of  Representatives

    JOHN  S.  WOOD,  Georgia,  Chairman

    FRANCIS  E.  WALTER,  Peimsylvania  J.  PARNELL  THOMAS,  New  Jersey

    BURR  P.  HARRISON,  Virginia  RICHARD  M.  NIXON,  California

    JOHN  McSWEENEY,  Ohio  FRANCIS  CASE,  South  Dakota

    MORGAN  M.  MOULDER,  Missouri  HAROLD  H.  VELDE,  Illinois

    Frank  S.  Tavexnek,  Jr.,  Counsel

    Louis  J.  Russell,  Senior  Investigator

    John  W.  Carrington,  Clerk  of  Committee

    Benjamin  Mandel,  Director  of  Research

    n

    TABLE  OF  CONTENTS

    Testimony  of—  Pas®

    Franey ,  Leoua  Vivian 102

    Franey,  Joseph  John 111

    Haas,  Loren  G 116

    m

    SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  ACTIVITIES  IN  CONNECTION  WITH
    JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIECRAFT

    MONDAY,   JUNK  6,    1949

    United  States  House  of  Representatives,

    Committee  on  Un-American  Activities,

    Washington,  D.  C.

    The  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities  met  pm-suant  to  call  at
    10:30  a.  m.  in  room  226,  Old  House  OfRce  Building,  Hon.  Francis  E,
    Walter  presiding.

    Committee  members  present:  Representative  Francis  E.  Walter.
    John  McSweeney,  Morgan  M.  Moulder,  Richard  M.  Nixon,  and
    Harold  H.  Velde.

    Staff  members  present:  Frank  S.  Tavenner,  Jr.,  counsel;  Louis  J.
    Russell,  senior  investigator;  William  A.  Wheeler  and  Courtney  Owens,
    investigators;  John  W.  Carrington,  clerk;  and  A.  S.  Poore,  editor.

    Mr.  Walter.  The  committee  will  come  to  order.

    Mr.  Russell,  I  believe  you  have  the  agenda  worked  out.

    Mr.  Moulder.  I  move  that  we  conduct  the  proce-edings  in  open
    session.

    Mr.  McSweeney.  I  second  the  motion.

    Mr.  Walter.  It  has  been  properly  moved  and  seconded  that  the
    proceedings  be  conducted  in  open  session.  All  in  favor  signify  by
    saying  "Aye."

    ("Aves"  by  Mr.  McSweeney,  Mr.  Moulder.  Mr.  Nixon,  and  Mr.
    Velde.)

    Mr.  Walter.  Opposed,  ''No."

    (No  response.)

    Mr.  Walter.  So  ordered.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  I  might  say  that  several  of  these  witnesses  will
    probably  mention  names  of  individuals  who  have  not  been  investi-
    gated, and  it  might  be  proper  that  questions  relating  to  those  matters
    be  in  closed  session,  as  distinguished  from  their  testimony  generally.

    Mr.  Walter.  We  will  leave  that  to  your  discretion.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Franey.

    Mr.  Walter.  Will  they  both  testify?  "^

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes.

    Mr.  Walter.  Will  you  raise  your  right  hands,  please.  Do  you
    both  solenmly  swear  the  testimony  you  are  j-bout  to  give  is  the  truth,
    the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth,  so  help  you  God?

    Mr.  Franey  (Joseph  John).  I  do.

    Mrs.  Franey  (Leona  Vivian).  I  do.

    101

    102  SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT

    SWORN  TESTIMONY  OF  LEONA  VIVIAN  FRANEY

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Mrs.  Franey,  will  you  state  your  full  name?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Leona  Vivian  Franey.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  \Miat  is  your  present  address?

    Mrs.  Franey.  200  Sixtieth  Street,  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Where  were  you  born?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Dixon  City,  Pa.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  give  the  committee  a  brief  resume  of  your
    employment  background?

    Mrs.  Franey.  In  1930  I  was  hired  by  the  Scranton  school  district
    in  the  capacity  of  a  clerk.  I  worked  there  until  1942.  During  that
    period  of  time  I  was  promoted  to  secretarv  to  the  principal.  In  June
    1942  I  left  to  go  to  Niagara  Falls.

    I  started  to  work  at  Bell  Aircraft  in  August  1942,  to  establish  a
    library.     They  had  no  engineering  technical  library  at  the  time.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Just  a  moment.  Explain  to  us  the  nature  of  this
    library  where  you  worked.  It  was  a  library  of  what  type  of  books
    and  periodicals  and  records?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Well,  as  I  said,  it  was  an  engineering  technical
    library.  Most  of  it  constitutes  reports,  which,  of  course,  ar^  classified.
    Contrary  to  some  other  libraries,  the  books  are  not  as  important  as
    the  reports  are,  of  course.

    Mr.  Walter.  What  was  the  nature  of  the  reports?

    Mrs.  Franey.  These  reports  emanate  from  our  National  Advisory
    Committee  for  Aeronautics,  the  War  Department,  all  of  the  bureaus
    under  it,  the  Bureau  of  Ordnance,  and  at  the  present  time  most  of
    them  emanate  from  the  manufacturers  which  have  Government  con-
    tracts for  guided  missiles.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  When  did  your  employment  in  that  capacity  begin
    and  end,  if  it  has  ended?

    Mrs.  Franey.  It  began  August  3,  1942,  and  I  am  still  employed.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  I  hand  you  a  photograph  and  ask  you  if  you  are
    able  to  identify  it?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Yes.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Whose  photograph  is  that?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Andrei  V.  Schevchenko.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Mr.  Chairman,  the  records  of  our  committee  show
    that  Andrei  Schevchenko  is  a  Russian  citizen  who  was  born  at
    Kharkov,  Russia,  on  November  24,  1906.  In  1936  and  1937  he  was
    a  student  at  the  Aviation  Institute  at  Moscow.  His  employment
    background  reflects  that  he  was  engaged  as  an  engineer  in  the  Peoples
    Commissariat  of  Aviation  Industry  in  Moscow.

    He  entered  the  United  States  on  June  19,  1942,  and  until  Septem-
    ber 15,  1945,  as  an  engineer  he  represented  the  aviation  department
    of  the  Soviet  Purchasing  Commission.  During  the  above  period  of
    time,  he  acted  as  liaison  man  between  Bell  Aircraft  Corp.,  Buffalo,
    N.  Y.,  and  the  Soviet  Government.

    On  September  15,  1945,  the  Russian  Government  transferred  the
    subject  individual  to  the  Amtorg  Trading  Corp.,  New  York  City.
    His  date  of  departure  from  the  United  States  was  on  January  2,
    1946,  and  his  present  whereabouts  and  occupational  assignment  are
    unknown.

    SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IjV  JKT  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT  103

    »

    Mr.  Walter.  Do  the  records  disclose  whether  or  not  Bell  Aircraft
    were  making  airplanes  that  we  were  sending  to  Russia  under  lend-
    lease?

    Mr.  Tavenner.  I  think  this  testimony  will  dev^elop  the  type  of
    aircraft  that  the  Russian  agent  was  interested  in  purchasing.

    Mr.  Walter.  Very  well.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Was  Mr.  Schevchenko  known  to  you  as  a  repre-
    sentative of  the  Russian  Government?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Yes,  sir.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  In  what  capacity?

    Mrs.  Franey.  He  was  purchasing  agent.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  When  did  you  meet  him?

    Mrs.  Franey.  It  was  October  1942.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  state  to  the  committee  the  circumstances
    surrounding  your  meeting  wTth  Mr.  Schevchenko?

    Mrs.  Franey.  In  October  1942,  Bell  Aircraft  moved  to  a  new  plant
    which  is  located  on  the  Niagara  Falls  Boulevard,  and  of  course  they
    included  provisions  for  our  library.  At  that  time  there  was  nothing
    in  the  library  except  about  25  books  and  4  files  containing  NACA
    reports,  and  I  wasn't  to  do  any  buying  until  we  moved  to  the  new
    location.

    In  October,  Mr.  Schevchenko  appeared  in  the  library  and  asked
    for  some  textbooks,  and  I  gave  him  a  few  textbooks,  including  a  copy
    of  Diehl's  Simple  Aerodynamics,  which  you  can  find  in  any  library.
    He  took  those  and  kept  them  for  the  limited  time  and  returned  them.

    Up  to  that  time  we  didn't  have  any  highly  classified  material.
    There  were  a  few  classified  reports  from  NACA  in  the  files.  He  made
    no  attempt  to  ask  for  them  at  that  time.  His  visits  were  not  very
    frequent  at  first,  and  he  never  asked  for  anything  in  classified  data.
    He  was  merely  interested  in  textbooks  or  the  few  periodicals  we  had.

    The  library  started  to  grow  and  expand  from  that  time  on.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  tell  the  committee;  in  your  own  way,
    what  occurred  in  the  course  of  your  various  meetings  with  Mr.
    Schevchenko?

    Mrs.  Franey.  I  think  in  the  first  place  he  started  coming  to  the
    library  more  frequently.  He  bought  tickets  to  the  theater  in  Buffalo
    for  the  librarj^  staff.  At  that  time  the  library  had  grown.  He  did
    not  attend  the  theater,  he  merely  gave  the  tickets  to  the  library  staff.
    He  began  to  bring  little  presents,  perfume,  candy,  and  so  on.

    Finally  he  asked  if  I  would  go  out  to  dinner,  he  wanted  to  meet  my
    husband.  We  went  to  a  restaurant  in  Buffalo.  I  am  not  positive
    of  the  name  of  it.  We  had  dinner  and  he  didn't  have  any  leading
    conversation  as  to  what  he  was  looking  for  at  that  time.  The  idea
    was  to  meet  my  husband,  that  was  all.

    Then  he  asked  if  we  would  go  to  dinner  with  him  again  on  Sunday,
    he  wanted  us  to  meet  his  wife.  On  Sunday  he  came  to  the  Falls  with
    the  excuse  his  wife  couldn't  come;  they  had  gone  to  a  party  the  night
    before  and  she  couldn't  make  it,  and  so  forth.  Then  we  sat  in  a  park
    and  he  began  talking  about  our  going  to  Russia.  He  explained  to
    my  husband  that  in  Russia  their  compensation  laws  are  so  wonderful
    that  if  you  have  an  industrial  accident  of  some  kind  they  take  care  of
    you  beautifully  the  rest  of  your  life,  and  so  forth.  And  he  explained
    their  vacation  system,  that  you  get  an  award  if  you  have  a  high  pro-

    104  SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT

    duction  record,  and  they  send  their  citizens  to  these  very  beautiful
    summer  resorts,  and  so  forth.

    Up  to  that  point  he  had  not  asked  for  anything  classified,  anything^
    that  woukl  make  you  suspicious  of  what  he  was  looking  for.  But  just
    about  that  time  he  began  asking  for  data  on  jet  propulsion,  and  that
    had  nothing  to  do  with  the  P-39  airplanes  they  were  buying,  that  had
    reciprocal  engines.  Our  P-59,  as  jou  know,  was  the  first  jet-propelled
    au"plane.

    That  was  when  the  FBI  contacted  me.  I  was  getting  to  the  point
    where  I  was  wondering  why  he  was  asking  for  material,  and  I  had  to
    ask  the  other  girls  in  the  library  not  to  issue  material  on  jet  propulsion
    to  him,  that  if  he  asked  for  it  to  just  walk  to  the  files  and  pretend  the
    material  was  out,  whether  it  was  or  not.

    The  FBI  agents  looked  us  up  at  that  time,  and  from  that  time  on  we
    worked  with  them.

    Mr.  Walter.  At  that  time  the  material  on  jet  propulsion  was
    highly  classified?

    Mrs.  Franey.  It  was  at  least  confidential.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  The  type  of  planes  in  which  the  Russian  Govern-
    ment was  interested  was  what  type?

    Mrs.  Franey.  The  P-39,  which  is  called  the  Airacobra.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Is  that  the  type  of  plane  that  was  being  constructed
    by  Bell  Aircraft  at  that  time?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Yes.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  state  what  occurred  with  reference  to
    requests  that  Mr.  Schevchenko  made  for  documents  and  information?

    Mrs.  Franey.  At  various  times  he  asked  for  data  on  different  sub-
    jects. It  always  seemed  to  me  that  he  was  prompted  by  someone  else.
    If  swept-back  mngs,  however,  was  his  particular  problem,  he  would
    ask  me  for  that  particular  data.  If  compressibility  was  the  problem,
    he  wanted  reports  on  that.  The  first  time  we  met  him  in  New  York
    City  he  was  particularly  interested  in  spring  tabs,  and  wanted  aU  the
    material  he  could  get  on  that.  He  asked  me  for  data  on  swept-back
    wings  almost  before  our  own  engineers  were  doing  work  on  some  of  it.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Do  you  have  a  record  of  the  subjects  he  requested
    information  on,  or  the  titles  of  documents  he  desired  turned  over
    to  him?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Yes,  I  have.  I  have  a  typewritten  list  which  is
    actually  the  only  written  record  I  ever  kept.  He  did  not  know  the
    particular  titles  of  reports,  but  they  cover  the  subjects  he  had  asked
    me  for  information  on,  swept-back  wings  and  compressibility,  and
    so  forth.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  A  statement  has  just  been  handed  to  you.  It  is
    not  the  original  that  you  just  spoke  of,  is  it?

    Mrs.  Franey.  No;  it  is  not.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Can  you  identify  that  list  as  being  a  correct  list  of
    the  items  which  appear  on  your  original  document?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Yes.  This  is  a  list  which  I  turned  over  to  the
    FBI.  We  used  this  as  a  priority  basis.  It  was  covering  the  subjects
    which  he  was  very  vitally  interested  in  at  that  time,  and  we  were  to
    work  on  that  as  far  as  photostating  was  concerned.  We  started,  of
    course,  with  the  unclassified  reports,  and  then  worked  up  to  the  confi-
    dential.    This  contains  a  list  of  titles  of  reports  on  high-speed  measure-

    SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT  105

    meiits  on  a  swept-back  wing,  landing-gear  design  considerations,  and
    so  forth.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Wlien  did  yon  prepare  the  hst?

    Mrs.  Franey.  In  the  summer  of  1945.

    Mr.  Tavexn'er.  Mi".  Chairman,  I  just  have  received  an  emergency
    telephone  call.     I  think  possibly  I  should  answer  it.

    Mr.  Walter.  Very  well.

    Mr.  Tavexner.  In  the  meantime,  may  I  ask  the  witness  to  see  if
    she  can  locate  the  original  document.

    (Short  recess.)

    ]\Ir.  Tavenner.  Mrs.  Franey,  I  believe  you  have  the  original  report
    in  front  of  you?

    Mrs.  Fraxey.  Yes,  I  have.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  tell  us  when  that  was  prepared?

    Mrs.  Franey.  In  the  summer  of  1945.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Explain  to  the  committee  your  reason  for  preparing
    that,  and  how  it  happened  that  you  prepared  it.

    \Irs.  Franey.  In  July  1945  when  we  went  to  New  York  and  met
    Mr.  Schevchenko,  he  listed  the  subjects  in  which  he  was  mterested,
    and  of  course  when  I  came  back  and  contacted  the  FBI,  we  thought
    it  was  a  good  idea  to  make  a  list  of  reports  covering  those  sub-
    jects, with  their  classification,  to  give  us  a  basis  on  which  to  work  for
    photostating.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  I  wiU  ask  you  more  about  the  photostating
    presently.  That  is  an  accurate  list,  then,  of  information  which  Mr.
    Schevchenko  asked  you  to  produce?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Yes.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Was  that  request  made  at  one  time,  or  was  it  made
    from  time  to  time?

    Mrs.  Franey.  This  specific  request  was  made  at  one  time.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  There  were  other  requests,  then?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Yes,  there  were  others.  Sometimes  it  was  almost
    on  a  daily  basis,  and  at  other  times  it  would  be  on  a  weekly  or  semi-
    weekly  basis.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  And  in  each  instance  did  you  advise  the  Federal
    Bureau  of  Investigation  of  the  request?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Yes.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  I  desire  to  introduce  that  document  in  evidence
    and  have  it  marked  "Franey  exhibit  1."

    Mr.  Walter.  It  will  be  received.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  And  I  request  that  it  be  incorporated  in  the  record
    at  this  point.

    Mr.  Walter.  So  ordered.

    (The  document  above  referred  to,  marked  "Franey  exhibit  1,"
    is  included  at  the  end  of  this  hearing.)

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Mrs.  Franey,  you  have  stated  that  the  request
    was  made  for  those  particular  documents.  WiU  you  state  just  how
    Mr.  Schevchenko  made  the  request,  whether  by  document  number,
    by  title,  or  just  general  description?

    Mrs.  Franey.  At  one  time  he  asked  just  by  general  description  or
    subject  matter.  Toward  the  end  of  1945  he  would  ask  for  a  NACA
    report  actually  by  the  NACA  arbitrary  number.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Tell  the  committee  what  you  mean  by  NACA
    report.

    91948 — 49 2

    106  SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT

    Mrs.  Franey.  It  is  our  National  Advisory  Committee  for  Aero-
    nautics report.  Most  of  those  reports  are  classified,  and  they  have
    a  code  which  they  use.  For  instance,  8A10;  the  8  would  signify  the
    report  was  written  in  1948;  the  A  would  be  January;  and  10  would  be
    the  number  of  the  report  written  during  January  1948.  Mr.  Schev-
    chenko  even  knew  those  numbers  by  the  end  of  1945,  and  they  would
    be  numbers  of  reports  which  we  had  not  even  received  yet  in  the  library.

    Mr.  Walter.  Those  code  numbers  were  devised  somewhere  else?

    Mrs.  Franey.  By  NACA;  yes.

    Mr.  Walter.  So  that  when  he  asked  for  a  document  by  code
    number,  he  was  asking  for  a  number  that  had  been  fixed  for  that
    particular  document  in  Washington?

    Mrs.  Franey.  He  actually  had  seen  a  list  which  gave  the  code
    number  of  that  report.

    Mr.  Moulder.  Did  you  have  that  report  at  that  time  yourself?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Not  at  that  time.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  .A.bout  how  long  after  the  receipt  from  Mr.  Schev-
    chenko  of  the  request  would  the  document  be  received  in  your  library?

    Mrs.  Franey.  From  2  weeks  to  2  months.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  The  code  numbers  that  were  assigned  to  various
    reports  that  are  described  on  your  list  were  assigned  to  the  documents
    by  what  branch  of  the  Government?

    Mr.  Franey.  They  are  assigned  by  the  National  .A.dvisory  Com-
    mittee for  .A.eronautics,  I  presume.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Located  where?

    Mrs.  Franey.  1724  F  Street  NW.  Of  course  they  circulate  acces-
    sion lists  which  are  classified,  from  which  he  may  have  gotten  that
    number.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Tell  the  committee  what  you  mean  by  circulation
    of  the  list.

    Mrs.  Franey.  They  simply  make  a  list  of  all  the  reports  which
    have  been  issued  during  a  specified  period.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  And  how  is  that  list  disseminated?

    Mrs.  Franey.  It  is  disseminated  to  authorized  agents,  who  would
    be  most  of  the  aircraft  companies,  of  course,  and  anyone  actually
    who  was  doing  any  aeronautical  research.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  The  lists  of  the  documents  themselves  are  not
    considered  classified  material?

    Mrs.  Franey.  They  are  classified;  yes.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  make  an  examination  of  each  of  these
    documents  at  the  time  they  arrived,  and  before  turning  them  over  to
    the  Federal  Bureau  of  Investigation,  to  determine  what  classification
    they  had;  that  is,  whether  classified,  confidential,  or  any  other  classi-
    fication?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Yes;  I  did.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Does  the  classification  appear  on  your  list?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Yes;  it  does.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  let  me  see  the  list?

    (Franey  exhibit  1  was  handed  to  Mr.  Tavenner.)

    Mr.  Tavenner.  The  first  column  on  your  list,  which  is  Franey
    Exhibit  1,  shows  the  classification  of  each  document.  Did  you  put
    that  on  the  report  at  the  time  you  prepared  it?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Yes;  I  did.

    SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT  107

    Mr.  Tavenner.  And  then  the  second  column,  which  is  the  center
    column,  shows  the  title  of  the  material.

    Mrs.  Franey.  Yes.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  And  the  third  column  shows  what  information?

    Mrs.  Franey.  That  is  the  source  of  the  report  and  the  report
    number.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Do  I  understand  you  to  say  that  Mr.  Schevchenko
    knew  the  code  numbers  in  some  instances,  and  the  subject  matter  or
    title  in  other  instances?

    Mrs,  Franey.  He  never  gave  me  the  exact  title.  He  would  tell
    me  the  general  subject  matter.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  state  what  arrangement  was  made  bv
    Mr.  Schevchenko  with  you  and  your  husband  as  to  how  this  material
    was  to  be  furnished  him?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Well,  in  July  1945,  on  our  vacation  week,  he  invited
    us  to  stay  at  his  apartment  because  he  was  out  at  Rye  Beach.  He
    never  would  talk  in  the  apartment.  Once  we  got  in  he  always  pointed
    to  the  walls,  meaning,  I  suppose,  there  might  be  microphones  con-
    cealed. He  always  talked  in  the  open.  He  took  us  to  Central  Park
    and  said  he  was  interested  in  obtaining  35-millimeter  microfilm  of
    classified  reports.  He  told  us  he  would  give  us  a  camera  before  we
    went  home.  I  was  to  take  the  documents  home  and  my  husband  was
    to  photostat  them,  and  he  promised  he  would  pay  $25  to  $30  for  each
    report  we  w^ould  photostat,  and  he  would  not  limit  the  number  as
    long  as  they  covered  the  particular  subject  in  which  he  was  interested.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  furnish  the  reports  to  him  on  that  basis?

    Mrs.  Franey.  We  furnished  microfilm  on  some  of  the  reports,  but
    on  unclassified  ones.     The  first  shipment  was  all  unclassified  data.

    Mr.  Velde.  Did  you  say  classified  or  unclassified?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Unclassified.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Were  all  those  matters  cleared  with  the  Federal
    Bureau  of  Investigation  before  they  were  turned  over  to  Mr.  Schev-
    chenko?

    Mr.  Franey.  All  of  it  was  done  under  their  supervision.  They
    used  that  list,  as  I  said,  on  a  priority  basis.  We  chose  the  unclassified
    hsted  reports.  We  particularly  chose  the  ones  that  looked  very
    inviting,  as  if,  from  the  title,  they  might  be  classified.  The  FBI
    came  to  the  house  and  they  actually  photographed  two  sets.  They
    used  their  own  film  for  one  set  for  their  files,  and  then  they  used  the
    film  which  Mr.  Schevchenko  had  given  us.  Incidentally,  that  was
    the  best  film  that  was  manufactured,  and  you  couldn't  buy  it  in  this
    country.  I  don't  think  ordinary  citizens  could  buy  it  at  that  time.
    Mr.  Schevchenko  told  us  it  came  from  Russia.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  What  kind  of  camera  did  he  give  you?

    Mrs.  Franey.  A  Contax,  I  think  No.  1.  It  was  one  of  the  older
    models  of  the  Contax  camera.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Was  this  material  so  supervised  by  the  Federal
    Bureau  of  Investigation  as  to  insure  that  you  were  not  giving  to  Air.
    Schevchenko  information  that  would  be  harmful  to  this  country?

    Mrs.  Franey.  That  is  right.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  Mr.  Schevchenko  pay  you  for  it?  That  is,
    did  he  pay  for  the  deliveries  that  were  made?

    108  SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT

    Mrs.  Franey.  Yes.  On  the  delivery  of  that  first  shipment  he
    gave  us,  I  think,  $200  or  $250.  They  were  all  $20  bills.  He  gave
    that  at  the  time  the  film  was  delivered.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  And  what  was  done  with  the  money?

    Mr.s.  PAPAIN!  EY.  It  was  given  to  the  FBI.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  On  how  many  occasions  did  3^011  meet  Mr.
    Schevchenko  after  yon  first  began  the  delivery  of  these  documents  or
    photostats  of  these  documents  to  him?

    Mrs.  Franey.  I  think  I  only  saw  him  three  times  after  he  actually
    made  arraTigements;  I  mean,  after  he  actually  declared  what  he  was
    looking  for.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Diu-irig  this  period  of  time,  did  he  take  any  pre-
    cautions, to  your  knowledge,  to  prevent  any  disclosure  that  he  was
    an  agent  of  a  foreign  country?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Re  was  always  very  cautious.  When  we  got  in  a
    car  with  him.  lie  m  ver  would  talk,  lie  would  point  to  the  dashboard,
    and  so  forth.  He  never  talked  in  a  restaurant.  He  came  to  the
    house  one  time  because  he  said  the  first  shipment  of  microfilm  was
    not  clear.  He  was  very  nervous.  He  would  stand  away  from  the
    windows.  He  would  stand  in  the  middle  of  the  floor.  He  was
    always  very,  very  nervous.  He  smoked  one  cigarette  after  another
    and  seldom  listened  to  what  you  had  to  say.  He  liked  to  issue  the
    orders  and  have  you  move  as  he  said.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Over  how  long  a  period  of  time  did  you  carry  on
    these  transactions  with  Mr.  Schevchenko?

    Mrs.  Franey.  The  first  shipment  was  in  the  summer  of  1945.
    We  met  him  then  periodicallv  Until  just  before  he  left  the  country  in
    February  1946.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Do  you  recall  the  last  occasion  that  you  saw  him?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Yes.  The  last  time  I  saw  him  was  at  our  house
    when  he  came  to  check  on  the  first  shipment  because  we  had  not
    done  it  to  please  him,  and  he  stayed  for  just  a  short  time  and  we  had
    to  drive  hiui  to  Buffalo.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  How  were  the  deliveries  made  to  him?

    Mrs.  Franey.  My  husband  delivered  the  film.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  How  were  these  deliveries  of  film  made  to  Mr.
    Schevchenko  and  by  whom?

    Mrs.  Franey.  The  deliveries  were  made  by  my  husband.  He
    simply  carried  the  35-millimeter  film,  and  usually  traveled  by  airplane
    to  New  York  to  meet  Mr.  Schevchenko  at  his  apartment.

    There  is  one  thing  I  probably  might  insert.  In  July  1945  when
    he  had  asked  us  to  stay  in  his  apartment  during  our  vacation  week,
    we  had  to  go  down  to  the  Amtorg  Corp.  I  thought  that  would
    prove  very  interesting,  because  we  had  guessed  what  that  facihty
    was  doing  here  in  the  United  States.  That  was  like  trying  to  get  into
    a  foreign  country.  We  had  to  get  past  the  reception  desk  and  so
    forth.  He  had  asked  my  husband  to  get  data  from  the  Hooker
    Electro-Chemical  Co.,  and  under  the  supervision  of  the  FBI  the
    officials  of  the  company  had  given  him  a  brochure  of  the  products
    they  manufactured,  and  we  carried  that  package  into  the  Amtorg
    Corp.

    The  first  thing  Mr.  Schevchenko  did  was  point  to  the  wall,  meaning
    we  were  not  to  talk,  and  we  sat  very,  very  close  to  him.  We  handed
    him  the  package  and  he  nervously  took  it  and  unpacked  it,  and  then

    SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT  109

    he  immediately  grabbed  a  book  on  the  window  sill  which  was  about
    the  same  size  of  the  package  we  had  brought  in,  and  we  had  to  carry
    that  out  of  the  building,  just  as  we  had  carried  some  information  in.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  I  believe,  Mr.  Chairman,  that  is  all  I  desire  to  ask
    this  witness.

    Mr.  Walter.  The  material  you  made  photostatic  copies  of  was
    not  classified;  is  that  correct?

    Mrs.  Franey.  The  first  shipment  was  all  unclassified.  I  am  not
    positive,  but  I  think  the  second  shipment  included  some  restricted
    data,  because  of  course  he  could  not  be  convicted  or  picked  up  unless
    he  actually  had  classified  data.  If  he  was  picked  up  and  had  only
    unclassified  film,  he  could  say:  "You  can't  hold  me  for  that."  The
    point  was  to  build  it  up  to  confidential  or  secret  so  that  he  could  be
    convicted.

    Mr.  Walter.  By  "unclassified"  you  mean  material  available  to
    the  public  generally?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Yes.

    Mr.  Walter.  Did  he  ever  complain  that  the  information  you  were
    furnishing  him  was  of  no  value?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Yes,  he  did,  in  no  uncertain  terms.

    ]Mr.  Walter.  Any  questions?     Mr.  Moulder.

    Mr.  Moulder.  I  understand  that  the  associations  you  have  de-
    scribed were  with  the  cooperation  of  the  FBI?

    Airs.  Franey.  Always.

    Mr.  Moulder.  Did  the  FBI  contact  you,  or  did  you  contact  them?

    Mrs.  Franey.  They  contacted  us,  actually,  just  about  the  time
    when  Mr.  Schevchenko  started  to  ask  for  information  in  the  library
    which  he  really  had  no  business  to  ask  for,  and  I  was  just  at  that  point
    becoming  suspicious.

    Air.  AIouLDER.  He  was  being  investigated  by  the  FBI?

    Airs.  Franey.  Evidently  they  had  been  having  him  under  their
    surveillance.

    Air.  AIoulder.  That  is  all.

    Air.  Walter.  Air.  Nixon.

    Air.  Nixon.  You  said  he  had  the  confidential  code  numbers  and
    called  for  documents  by  code  numbers?

    Airs.  Franey.  Yes.

    Air.  Nixon.  Did  he  also  indicate  that  he  had  these  code  numbers
    even  before  Bell  Aircraft  got  them?

    Airs.  Franey.  Yes.

    Air.  Nixon.  And  sometimes  even  as  much  as  a  month  before  you
    received  them?

    Airs.  Franey.  Yes.

    Air.  Nixon.  Where  did  you  get  these  code  numbers  from  in
    Washington?

    Airs.  Franey.  Wlien  I  received  them  they  came  directlj"  from  the
    National  Advisory  Committee  for  Aeronautics.

    Air.  Nixon.  In  Washington?

    Airs.  Franey.  Yes.  They  are  sent  out  monthly.  They  are
    monthl}^  lists.

    Air.  Nixon.  Were  the  lists  classified?

    Airs.  Franey.  If  they  contamed  classified  documents  they  were
    stamped  "Restricted."     Usually  the  first  page  is  classified  documents.

    Air.  Nixon.  Did  Air.  Schevchenko  at  any  time  ask  you  for  confi-
    dential documents  by  code  number?

    110  SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT

    Mrs.  Franey.  Yes;  toward  the  end.  He  had  not  done  that  in  the
    very  beginning.

    Mr.  Nixon.  In  other  words,  at  the  end  he  in  some  way  obtaining
    access  to  these  hsts?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Yes.

    Mr.  Nixon.  Confidential  hsts?

    Mrs.  Franey.  That  is  right.  Either  that  or  there  may  have  been
    someone  stationed  at  some  other  point  where  they  got  the  reports
    earher  than  we  did  as  an  aircraft  company.  I  have  no  basis  to  even
    know  this,  but  you  know  his  cohort,  Nicolai  Ostrofsky,  was  a  mihtary
    man,  and  he  very  often  went  to  Wright  Field  at  Dayton,  Ohio,  and
    I  often  wondered  if  he  was  working  at  that  end  and  trying  to  find  out
    titles  of  reports  that  were  being  issued.

    Mr.  Nixon.  However  the  lists  were  obtamed,  whether  someone
    got  them  at  Wright  Field  or  in  the  office  in  Washington,  they  were
    in  their  hands  illegally?

    Mrs.  Franey.  That  is  right.

    Mr.  Nixon.  Because  they  contained  confidential  information?

    Mrs.  Franey.  That  is  right.

    Mr.  Nixon.  So,  as  I  understand  it,  the  implication  from  your
    testimony  is  that  at  some  other  point,  either  at  Wright  Field  or  in
    Washington,  they  were  successful  in  getting  some  individual  employed
    at  Wright  Field  or  ui  Washington  to  turn  over  information  of  this
    kind  to  them?

    Mrs.  Franey.  The  first  time  I  noticed  that  it  was  so  alarming,
    because  one  of  the  first  reports  that  was  issued  on  compressibility
    was  a  particular  one  he  asked  me  for,  and  it  was  one  that  was  very
    important  at  that  time  and  which  most  of  our  engineers  were  very
    glad  to  receive.

    Mr.  Nixon.  Do  you  loiow  whether  or  not  the  individual  who  was
    responsible  for  turning  over  these  reports,  either  to  Mr.  Schevchenko
    or  to  some  other  Russian  agent,  has  been  apprehended  or  was
    apprehended?

    Mrs.  Franey.  I  have  no  idea.

    Mr.  Nixon.  You  have  never  discussed  that  with  the  Bureau  agents?

    Mrs.  Franey.  No.

    Mr.  Nixon.  That  is  all.

    Mr.  Walter.  Mr.  Velde.

    Mr.  Velde.  Did  Mr.  Schevchenko  speak  English  fluently?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Not  at  the  beginning.  In  1942  he  was  very  difficult
    to  imderstand.     But  by  1945  he  spoke  more  clearly.

    Mr.  Velde.  At  the  time  you  and  your  husband  were  approached
    to  act  as  agents  to  get  these  confidential  documents  photographed,  did
    Mr.  Schevchenko  indicate  to  you  that  you  were  acting  on  behalf  of
    the  Russian  Government,  or  that  you  were  to  act  on  behalf  of  the
    Russian  Government — realizing  that  you  are  a  loyal  American  and
    were  working  with  the  FBI.

    Mrs.  Franey.  You  mean  that  Mr.  Schevchenko  thought  that  we
    were?

    Mr.  Velde.  Did  he  leave  you  with  that  impression?

    Mrs.  Franey.  We  were  just  helping  a  wonderful  ally.

    Mr.  Velde.  That  is  the  general  impression  he  left  with  you  as  to
    why  you  should  give  him  these  confidential  documents?  Did  he
    leave  with  you  the  impression  you  were  doing  anything  wrong?

    SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT  HI

    Mrs.  Franey.  No.  The  idea  was,  he  worked  so  hard,  he  worked
    all  niglit,  on  the  problems  and  couldn't  solve  them.

    Mr.  Velde.  You  are  not  familiar  with  the  circumstances  smTound-
    in^  his  disappearance  from  the  country?

    Mrs.  Franey.  I  don't  know  anything;  except  the  date  he  left.  I
    know  the  FBI  called  me  at  work  to  tell  me  he  had  just  left  the  country
    and  had  gotten  out  of  the  country  without  being  convicted.

    Mr.  Velde.  He  was  never  arrested?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Never.

    Mr.  Velde.  That  is  all.

    Mr.  Walter.  Any  further  questions?

    Mr.  Tavenner.  That  is  all,  Mr.  Chairman.

    Now  I  would  like  to  ask  a  few  questions  of  Mr.  Franey.

    Mr.  Walter.  Proceed.

    SWORN  TESTIMONY  OF  JOSEPH  JOHN  FRANEY

    Mr.  Tavenner.  What  is  your  full  name?

    Mr.  Franey.  Joseph  John  Franey.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Where  do  you  live?

    Mr.  Franey.  200  Sixtieth  Street,  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Where  are  you  employed?

    Mr.  Franey.  Hooker  Electro-Chemical  Co.,  as  rubber  repair  man.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Is  that  the  company  with  which  you  have  been
    emploj^ed  since  the  beginning  of  the  negotiations  with  Mr.  Schev-
    chenko?

    Mr.  Franey.  Yes.     I  have  been  there  since  1942.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  tell  the  committee  just  what  occurred —
    without  repeating  too  much  in  detail  what  your  wife  has  stated — with
    reference  to  your  dealings  with  Mr.  Schevchenko?

    Mr.  Franey.  In  1942,  after  my  wife  started  working  at  Bell  Air-
    craft, she  came  home  at  different  times  on  different  days  and  told  me
    about  this  Russian,  about  his  coming  up  and  asking  her  to  help  him
    out  with  his  English,  and  so  on,  and  that  she  said  "Yes"  through
    sympathy  more  than  anything.  So  he  asked  my  wife  if  I  was  in  the
    service,  and  she  said  "No."  He  wanted  to  know  where  I  worked,
    and  she  said:  "He  works  at  a  chemical  factory  in  Niagara  Falls."
    And  she  told  him  it  was  the  Hooker  Electro-Chemical  Co.

    He  asked  if  we  would  go  out  for  dinner  with  him.  We  had  dinner
    this  one  evening  at  Buffalo.  Then  he  asked  if  we  would  have  dinner
    the  following  Sunday,  which  we  did.

    The  following  week  the  FBI  men  came  to  the  plant  and  talked  to
    me,  and  I  told  them,  after  I  found  out  what  the}^  wanted,  that  they
    were  there  about  this  Russian  agent,  that  they  would  have  to  talk  to
    my  wife,  that  she  knew  more  about  him  than  I  did,  she  had  contact
    with  him  all  day.

    From  that  time  on  we  worked  right  with  the  Federal  Bureau  of
    Investigation  and  tried  to  cooperate  the  best  we  could.  I  felt  I  could
    not  go  in  the  service,  because  they  would  not  accept  me,  so  I  felt  we
    could  do  our  part  by  helping  the  FBI.

    After  we  had  dinner  with  him  the  last  time  we  had  just  a  few  little
    meetings  with  him.  I,  for  instance,  would  pick  her  up  after  work  and
    he  would  be  in  the  car.  That  was  about  the  time  that  he  was  leaving
    the  Bell  Aircraft  and  going  to  New  York.     Then  we  went  to  New

    112  SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT

    York  on  our  vacation.  We  talked  to  him  and  he  talked  about  the
    camera.  The  following  trip  he  sent  for  us — and  his  way  of  sending
    for  us  was  to  send  us  a  post  card  with  the  Empire  State  Building  on  it,
    and  that  would  be  the  cue  to  be  in  New  York  and  meet  him  the  follow-
    ing weekend,  which  we  did.  We  would  walk  through  Central  Park,
    and  at  that  time  he  asked  me  to  have  my  wife  get  information  on
    spring  tabs,  and  I  said  I  would.  He  presented  us  with  the  camera  the
    following  trip,  and  gave  us  information  on  how  to  take  the  pictures.
    He  gave  us  a  little  typewritten  card  explaining  about  the  opening  of
    the  lens,  and  how  far  to  keep  the  camera  away  from  the  documents,
    and  so  on.

    \^^ien  we  got  the  camera  we  came  back  to  the  Falls  and  turned  the
    camera  over  to  the  Federal  Bureau,  and  they  took  the  camera  and
    said  they  were  going  to  send  it  to  Washington.  They  had  the  camera
    checked.  There  was  something  wrong  with  it,  and  they  had  it  re-
    paired.

    Mr.  Schevchenko  gave  us  eight  or  nine  rolls  of  film,  and  we  spoiled
    a  few  because  he  said  there  were  supposed  to  be  36  exposures  on  each
    roll,  and  there  were  only  34,  and  we  ran  them  off  and  spoiled  practically
    the  whole  batch  on  the  first  roll  of  film.

    The  FBI  would  take  duplicate  pictures,  and  they  said  they  could
    not  buy  film  like  the  film  that  Air.  Schevchenko  had  given  us,  in
    this  country.

    We  lived  in  Lewiston,  a  little  town  outside  of  Niagara  Falls,  for
    about  3  months.  After  the  first  and  second  trip  the  FBI  wanted  us
    to  hold  up  and  not  go  to  New  York  with  the  film,  and  I  said:  "Well,
    all  right,  but  what  is  the  idea?"  They  said  they  got  orders  from
    Washington,  and  would  we  please  cooperate  and  hold  it  up.  At  that
    time  I  used  the  excuse  my  wife  was  sick  and  I  couldn't  leave  her,  and
    we  were  looking  for  a  house.

    We  bought  a  house  in  the  Falls,  and  I  had  to  make  a  trip  at  the  end
    of  September  1945,  and  he  wasn't  quite  satisfied  with  that  film,  and
    then  a  week  or  two  later  he  came  to  Niagara  Falls  and  he  wanted  to
    see  the  camera.  So  I  had  the  camera,  and  we  used  to  use  the  flood-
    lights the  FBI  used,  and  they  had  taken  them  back  to  their  office.
    When  Mr.  Schevchenko  came  to  our  house  we  had  no  floodlights,  the
    FBI  had  taken  them,  and  I  told  him  I  had  been  at  some  relations
    taking  moving  pictures  and  had  left  the  floodlights,  and  if  he  wanted
    them  I  would  run  out  and  get  them.  He  said  never  mind.  At  that
    time  we  were  in  a  spot,  and  he  was  very,  very  nervous.  We  took  him
    back  to  Buffalo.

    The  next  time  we  were  supposed  to  go  to  New  York,  the  FBI  wanted
    us  to  cancel  the  trip  again.  I  told  them  I  didn't  think  we  should
    cancel  the  trip  for  the  simple  reason  he  might  get  suspicious,  because
    '  we  had  canceled  one  trip  and  he  was  very,  very  nervous.  They  said
    that  was  their  orders.  We  talked  at  that  time  about  giving  up  the
    whole  affair,  because  it  was  rather  nerve-racking  as  far  as  we  were
    concerned.

    Mr.  Schevchenko  sent  a  man  to  the  Falls  into  our  home  one  Sunday
    afternoon  who  was  a  runner,  and  he  wanted  "all  the  junk,"  he  called
    it.  This  man  had  a  letter  and  a  brief  case.  We  had  never  seen  him
    before.  I  asked  my  wife  to  sit  down  and  write  Mr.  Schevchenko  a
    letter  and  tell  him  this  material  he  wanted  didn't  come  in  and  there
    was  some  microfilm  coming  in  and  it  was  just  the  stuff  he  wanted.
    That  was  all  right.     He  left.

    SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT  113

    Then  we  got  a  telegram  about  a  month  or  so  later  asking  if  we  would
    come  to  New  York.  It  asked  me  to  come  to  New  York  and  he  wanted
    to  interview  me  for  a  job  that  I  was  supposed  to  get  at  Amtorg  Corp.

    I  went  to  his  apartment  and  he  wasn't  there.  He  was  out  at  school
    that  morning.  He  had  a  class  on  Sunday  miorning.  I  waited  about
    3  hours  in  his  apartment.  His  wife  spoke  no  English  at  all.  When
    he  came  back  I  handed  him  the  film.  In  his  apartment  he  would
    turn  the  radio  on,  and  sit  on  a  chair,  and  I  would  sit  on  a  hassock
    very  close  to  him.  He  went  to  the  kitchen  and  opened  the  package
    immediately,  and  he  came  back  and  handed  me  $260.  Then  he  took
    me  over  to  the  park  and  we  sat  on  a  bench  and  he  told  me  that  instead
    of  us  going  to  New  York,  because  he  said  they  checked  the  airlines
    and  they  would  get  suspicious  of  us  making  so  many  trips  to  New
    York,  he  would  have  a  runner  come  to  Buffalo  and  we  would  meet
    his  runner  in  front  of  Kleinhaus'  [store],  and  we  were  supposed  to  be
    there  on  two  dates.  It  was  in  December  1945,  and  after  each  trip
    we  contacted  the  FBI  and  went  over  the  whole  trip,  and  the  money
    we  received  we  would  initial  and  give  to  the  FBI  and  at  a  later  date
    they  would  return  it  to  us.

    We  went  both  Saturdays  that  we  were  to  meet  him  or  his  runner
    in  front  of  Kleiiiliaus'  [store]  i.n  Buffalo,  and  they  never  showed  up.
    Later  on  the  FBI  called  my  wife  at  Bell  Aircraft  and  told  her  the
    Russian  had  left  the  country.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  In  your  conversation  with  Mr.  Schevchenko,  did
    he  elaborate  on  the  type  of  material  that  he  was  Interested  in  receiving?

    Mr.  Franey.  He  knew  very  well  that  I  didn't  understand  aircraft
    at  all,  and  he  knew  Leona  understood  it  all,  and  he  asked  me  to  ask
    her  for  material  on  spring  tabs.  He  said:  "You  tell  her  to  get  the
    data  on  spring  tabs."  I  told  him  I  would.  I  said:  "I  will  get  you
    the  information.  She  will  bring  it  home  and  I  will  take  the  pictures
    of  the  documents  and  rettirn  the  film  to  you."

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  he  indicate  any  interest  in  other  industries
    besides  aircraft?

    Mr.  Franey.  When  Leona  told  him  I  worked  at  the  Hooker
    Electro-Chemical  Co.,  he  was  very  interested  at  that  time  and  he
    told  us  that  there  were  different  industrial  plants  in  Niagara  Falls
    that  their  agents  were  going  to  contact,  and  they  were  going  to  buy
    up  this  equipment  and  send  it  to  Russia  and  build  the  same  type  of
    plants  we  had  here.  He  was  very  interested  in  Hooker  Electro-
    Chemical  Co.,  and  wanted  some  material,  and  I  told  the  FBI  agents
    and  told  him  the  Hooker  Co.  had  one  of  the  best  S-type  cells  in  the
    country,  and  furnished  all  the  arsenals  with  their  own  cells.

    At  that  time,  which  I  did  not  know,  we  had  several  buildings  built
    at  our  plant  during  the  war  and  they  were  working  on  the  Manhattan
    project.  Later  on  I  found  out  why  the  FBI  was  so  interested  in
    the  Hooker  Co.,  because  of  the  Manhattan  project.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  Mr.  Schevchenko  at  any  time  leave  informa-
    tion with  you  as  to  the  name  of  any  other  person  that  you  should
    give  information  to  or  contact  in  his  absence?

    Mr.  Franey.  No.     He  did  to  my  wife.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Then  I  would  like  to  interrupt  your  testimony
    and  ask  Mrs.  Franey  that  question.

    Air.  Walter.  Verv  well.

    IM  SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT

    Mrs.  Franey.  In  February  1945  he  heard  someone  say  it  was  my
    birthday,  and  he  wanted  to  know  if  he  coukl  take  me  out  to  dinner.
    He  took  us  to  a  restaurant  in  the  Falls,  and  there  were  two  other
    people  there  at  that  time.  Neither  one  spoke  English.  One  was  a
    young  chap,  Vladimir  Mazurin,  and  the  other  was  Nicolai  Ostrofsky,
    who  actually  was  Mr.  Schevchenko's  assistant,  but  from  a  military
    standpoint  he  was  a  captain  in  the  Russian  Army.  Mr.  Schevchenko
    told  me,  after  w^e  had  had  dinner  and  started  home — incidentally,  he
    handed  me  a  carton  of  Camel  cigarettes — we  started  up  Niagara
    Falls  Boulevard  and  he  told  me  he  was  being  recalled  to  Russia,  and
    while  he  was  gone  I  was  to  give  any  information  Nicolai  Ostrofsky
    asked  for,  I  was  to  give  it  to  Nicolai.  He  indicated  he  would  be  in
    Russia  and  would  cable  Nicolai  what  he  wanted,  and  I  w^as  to  give
    Nicolai  any  reports  from  the  library,  and  so  forth;  and  at  that  time
    he  wanted  to  know  what  he  could  bring  me  back  from  Russia,  whether
    a  fur  coat  or  jewelry.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  either  of  those  two  men  contact  you  at  a
    later  time?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Neither  one  came  into  the  library  afterward.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Do  you  know"  anything  about  those  two  men  now,
    as  to  their  present  location?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Vladimir  Mazurin  went  back  to  Russia  before
    Schevchenko  did,  and  I  know  eventually  Ostrofsky  did.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  Schevchenko  did  not  go  to
    Russia  at  that  time,  but  took  employment  at  Amtorg?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Yes.  Nothing  happened,  and  in  the  next  few  weeks
    he  announced  he  was  leaving  Bell  Aircraft  to  go  to  Amtorg.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  And  what  you  have  told  us  occurred  between  you
    and  your  husband  and  Mr.  Schevchenko  continued  while  he  was  at
    Amtorg?

    Mrs.  Franey.  Yes.  There  was  more  activity,  actually,  after  he
    left  Bell  Aircraft  than  while  he  was  there.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  All  right.

    Now,  Mr.  Franey,  when  was  the  last  time  you  saw  Mr.  Schevchenko?

    Mr.  Franey.  It  was  in  the  late  fall  of  1945.    It  was  about  November.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  About  November?

    Mr.  Franey.  Yes.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  And  what  did  he  tell  you  on  that  occasion?

    Mr.  Franey.  That  was  the  occasion  that  he  told  me  he  would  have
    one  of  his  runners  come  to  the  Falls,  and  at  that  time  I  told  him  that
    the  fellow  that  was  there,  I  said:  "Don't  forget  you  told  me  not  to
    ever  give  anything  to  anybody  but  you,  and  that  is  why  I  didn't
    give  him  the  camera."  He  said:  "Well,  I  understood  that."  He
    was  very,  very  nervous.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  he  tell  you  at  that  time  anything  with  regard
    to  his  future  plans?

    Mr.  Franey.  No.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  he  endeav^or  to  contact  you  later,  as  far  as
    you  know?

    Mr.  Franey.  No;  he  did  not.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  That  is  all  for  this  witness.

    Mr.  Walter.  Any  questions?     Mr.  Nixon?

    Mr.  Nixon.  I  don't  think  so.

    Mr.  Walter.  Mr.  Velde.

    SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT  115

    Mr.  Velde.  You  have  mentioned  runners.  Did  he  have  more  than
    one  runner?

    Mr.  Franey.  He  talked  of  his  runners,  but  there  was  only  the  one
    man  we  saw.  He  was  a  young  chap  who  came  to  our  home  on  Sunday
    afternoon  and  wanted  the  ''junk,"  and  he  spoke  very  poor  English.

    Mr.  Velde.  You  never  did  get  his  name?

    Mr.  Franey.  Yes;  he  did  tell  us  his  name.  I  think  his  name  was
    Vishinsky.

    Mr.  Velde.  You  mentioned,  too,  that  Mr.  Schevchenko  became
    nervous  and  made  a  statement  or  gave  some  indication  that  "they"
    were  checking.    Do  you  know  whom  he  meant  by  "they"?

    Mr.  Franey.  No.

    Mr.  Velde.  I  will  ask  you  the  same  question  I  asked  Mrs.  Franey:
    Did  he  leave  you  with  the  impression  you  were  acting  on  behalf  of
    the  Russian  Government — realizing,  of  com'se,  you  are  a  loyal  Ameri-
    can and  were  working  with  the  FBI.

    Air.  Franey.  He  told  me  about  the  compensation  laws  in  Russia
    and  so  on,  and  I  snickered  under  my  breath  to  him  and  told  him  that
    was  wonderful  and  Russia  must  be  a  wonderful  place  to  live  in,  and
    so  on.  He  went  on  and  told  us  the  awards  they  received  and  how  they
    would  be  sent  on  vacations,  and  he  said  that  anyone  like  me,  with  my
    hand  bemg  amputated,  I  would  never  have  to  work  any  more  in
    Russia.

    Mr.  Velde.  Did  he  ever  indicate  to  you  that  he  thought  he  was
    being  investigated  by  any  of  our  intelligence  organizations?

    Mr.  Franey.  No.

    Air.  Velde.  You  said  he  was  very  secretive?

    Mr.  Franey.  Yes;  he  was  very  secretive  and  very  nervous  and
    wouldn't  talk  in  a  car  or  in  his  home  unless  he  had  the  radio  blasting.
    The  only  place  he  would  talk  was  in  the  park.

    Mr.  Velde.  Did  he  ever  state  definitely  his  reason  for  wanting  to
    talk  in  the  park?

    Mr.  Franey.  No.

    Mr.  Velde.  You  say  the  last  time  you  saw  him  was  in  November
    1945?

    Mr.  Franey.  Yes.

    Mr.  Velde.  Did  he  indicate  at  that  time  to  you  that  he  was  intend-
    ing to  leave  this  country?

    Mr.  Franey.  No.

    Mr.  Velde.  Do  you  know  why  he  left  the  country,  Mr.  Franey?

    Mr.  Franey.  Well,  only  that  the  leak  came  out,  and  he  got  it  just
    like  he  got  everything  else.  He  had  information  before  the  library
    got  it,  and  he  got  information  from  somebody  that  this  leaked  out,
    and  that  is  why  he  left  the  country.

    Mr.  Velde.  Do  you  know  why  he  was  not  arrested  before  he  left
    the  country?

    Mr.  Franey.  The  FBI,  when  they  asked  us  to  cancel  the  trip,  said
    they  got  orders  from  Washington  that  the  State  Department  Avanted
    to  hold  this  up  and  appease  them  a  little  bit,  and  asked  us  if  we  would
    cooperate.  I  told  them  at  that  time  I  was  getting  sick  and  tired  of
    cooperating;  that  the  State  Department  didn't  have  to  face  him,  that
    I  was  the  one  who  had  to  face  him.  The  agent  said  they  could  see
    my  side  of  it  and  wouldn't  want  to  be  in  the  same  shoes  I  was  in  at

    116  SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT

    that  time.  But  they  said  after  all  they  got  their  orders  and  they  had
    to  pass  them  on  to  us.

    Mr.  Velde.  In  any  event,  Mr.  Schevchenko  escaped  the  country
    without  ever  having  been  under  arrest  in  this  country  for  violation
    of  the  espionage  laws?

    oMr.  Franey.  That  is  right.  The  FBI  told  us  that  the  Nev/  York
    office  wanted  to  pick  him  up  and  the  Buffalo  office  wanted  to  pick  him
    up,  and  they  told  us  they  couldn't  do  anything,  that  their  hands  were
    tied,  that  they  just  had  to  go  along  a  little  bit  longer  and  hold  off  a
    little  bit  longer.  They  said  they  had  enough  information  to  pick
    him  up  on.

    Mr.  Walter.  Who  were  the  agents  who  made  those  statements
    to  you?

    Mr.  Franey.  There  were  several  agents  on  the  case.  I  don't
    remember  which  agent  it  was.  I  think  we  worked  with  six  or  eight
    different  agents  on  the  case.

    Mr.  Walter.  Who  were  the  agents  who  told  you  the  State  De-
    partment wanted  to  hold  this  up?

    Mr.  Franey.  Agent  Roberts.

    Mr.  Walter.  Do  you  know  his  first  name?

    Mr.  Franey.  We  called  him  Buz  Roberts.

    Mr.  Walter.  Any  further  questions?

    Anything  further,  Mr.  Tavenner?

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Not  from  these  two  witnesses.  There  is  another
    witness.

    Mr.  Walter.  We  will  stand  in  recess  until  2  o'clock.

    (Thereupon,  at  12:10  p.  m.,  a  recess  was  taken  until  2  p.  m.  of  the
    same  day.)

    AFTER    RECESS

    The  hearing  was  resumed  at  2  p.  m.,  Hon.  John  S.  Wood  (chair-
    man) presiding.

    Mr.  Wood.  The  committee  will  be  in  order,  please.

    You  may  proceed,  Mr.  Tavenner.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Mr.  Haas.

    Mr.  Wood.  Mr.  Haas,  will  you  come  around  here,  please,  and
    raise  your  right  hand  and  be  sworn.  You  solemnly  swear  that  the
    testimony  you  will  give  this  committee  will  be  the  truth,  the  whole
    truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth,  so  help  you  God?

    Mr.  Haas.  I  do.

    Mr.  Wood.  You  may  be  seated.

    Mr.  Haas.  I  have  a  request  to  make.  I  have  a  back  injury,  and
    I  wonder  if  I  might  remain  standing?

    Mr.  Wood.  Yes.

    Mr.  Haas.  Thanlv  you.

    SWORN  TESTIMONY   OF  LOREN  G.  HAAS

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  state  your  full  name,  please?

    Mr.  Haas.  Loren  G.  Haas.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  What  is  your  age?

    Mr.  Haas.  Thirty-two.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Wliere  do  you  live?

    Mr.  Haas.  Buffalo,  N.  Y.

    SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT  117

    Mr.  Tavenxer.  Will  you  give  us  just  a  brief  statement  of  your
    employment  record?

    Mr.  Haas.  At  present  I  am  associated  with  the  Fredric  Flader
    Corp.  We  are  air  and  power  research  engineers,  and  perhaps  we  are
    one  of  the  most  advanced  organizations  of  this  nature  in  the  country.
    I  have  been  with  them  about  2^  years.  Prior  to  that  I  was  with
    Westinghouse  Electric  Coip.  in  their  South  Philadelphia  works  at
    Lester,  Pa.

    My  activities  at  the  Westinghouse  Co.  consisted  of  working  with
    and  developing  gas  turbine  engines.  The  term  applied  is  the  turbo-jet
    engine.  In  that  organization  I  was  the  director  of  engineering  train-
    ing, and  I  was  employed  prior  to  that  as  a  test  engineer.

    Prior  to  the  Westinghouse  occupation  I  was  employed  by  Bell
    Aircraft  Co.  as  an  engineer,  training  service  engineers  and  technicians.

    That  is  a  brief  resume  of  my  employment.

    Mr.  Tavenxer.  When  did  vour  emplovment  begin  and  end  with
    Bell  Aircraft?

    Mr.  Haas.  I  don't  recall  the  exact  beginning.  It  was  perhaps
    late  1942  or  early  1943.  It  terminated  in  March  1945.  I  subse-
    quently worked  for  the  Westinghouse  Co.  for  a  period  of  time  until
    November  1946.

    Mr.  Tavexxer.  Will  you  examine  this  photograph,  please,  and
    state  if  you  can  identify  the  person?

    Mr.  Haas.  This  is  Andrei  Schevchenko.  Mr.  Schevchenko  was
    the  Russian  representative  at  the  Bell  Aircraft  Co.  while  I  was  in
    their  employ.

    Mr.  Tavexxer.  What  do  you  mean  by  the  "Hussian  representa-
    tive"? In  what  way  was  he  representing  the  Russian  Government
    at  that  plant?

    Mr.  Haas.  Perhaps  in  all  aircraft  and  other  wartime  industries
    where  a  foreign  nation  was  involved  and  had  anything  to  do  with  the
    purchase,  in  one  form  or  another,  of  the  equipment  being  m.anu-
    factured,  there  would  be  a  representative  of  that  foreign  nation  who
    would  be  in  reality,  the  liaison  between  the  manufacturer  and  the
    recipient.

    Air.  Tavexxer.  Did  your  work  bring  you  in  contact  with  Mr.
    Schevchenko?

    Mr.  Haas.  Yes.  In  1943  I  had  to  train  a  number  of  Russian  pilots
    and  technical  personnel  who  spoke  no  English,  and  I  was  introduced
    to  Mr.  Schevchenko  through  that  particular  assigiunent.  The
    training  of  these  men  was  done  through  Mr.  Schevchenko,  he  being
    the  interpreter.

    Mr.  Tavexxer.  WiU  you  state  to  the  committee  what  proposals
    were  made  by  Mr.  Schevchenko  to  you  regarding  information  con-
    cerning the  aircraft  business?

    Mr.  Haas.  That  question  perhaps  requires  a  little  bit  of  back-
    ground, sir,  and  to  answer  it  directly  would  leave  out  something,
    perhaps,  quite  important.

    Mr.  Tavexxer.  Go  ahead,  then,  in  your  own  way.

    Mr.  Haas.  While  I  was  with  Bell  Aircraft  Co.  I  was  dealing  pri-
    marily with  power  plants,  and  at  that  time  the  majority,  in  fact  all,  of
    the  aircraft  used  during  the  w^ar  contained  power  plants  of  a  very  con-
    ventional nature,  which  we  are  all  familiar  with.     They  were  blown-

    118  SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT

    up  models  of  the  engines  in  our  automobiles.  They  did,  however,
    require  excessive  power.

    In  order  to  obtain  an  additional  amount  of  power  out  of  these
    aircraft  engines,  a  system  was  devised  to  supplement  the  normal
    cooling  ability  of  gasoline  by  the  injection  of  water.  But  for  perhaps
    6  or  8  months  or  a  year  there  was  a  tremendous  amount  of  difficulty
    with  that  water  injection  system.  The  system  was  ideal  in  theory.
    It  permitted  abnormally  high  powers  to  be  obtained  from  a  much
    lower  rated  engine.  This  water-cooling  system  deficiency  was  one
    reason  that  Mr.  Schevchenko  and  I  became  close  friends.

    I  had,  while  at  the  Bell  Aircraft  Co.,  a  little  liberty,  and  in  my
    spare  time  did  work  on  this  malfunctioning  of  the  system.  Finally  I
    realized  a  remedy  for  the  difficulty  and  tried  it  out  on  what  we  refer
    to  as  a  working  model,  with  every  condition  of  flight  simulated,  and
    to  my  satisfaction  it  was  successful.

    Shortly  after  that  I  was  asked  to  give  a  discussion  of  this  particular
    system  to  members  of  the  Russian  Government,  the  management  of
    the  Bell  Aircraft  Co.,  and  the  engineering  department.  In  the  course
    of  the  discussion,  after  the  usual  routine  of  descriptive  matter  had
    been  terminated,  the  Russians  were  desirous  of  knowing  why  this
    particular  system  was  not  doing  all  that  it  was  supposed  to  do;  and
    having  experimented  with  it,  I  felt  I  did  know  why,  and  I  told  them
    why  I  thought  it  was  not  acting  as  it  should,  and  how  it  could  be
    remedied.

    Unfortunately,  this  brought  perhaps  a  little  bit  of  frowning  from
    the  management,  since  it  was  proposed  to  them  previously  by  me  that
    it  be  incorporated.  I  had  tried  the  scheme  out — it  was  a  25-cent
    remedy — and  it  worked  on  an  airplane.  An  Army  test  pilot  had
    flown  an  airplane  on  which  this  equipment  had  been  installed,  and
    voiced  satisfaction  with  it.

    So  when  the  Russians  asked  whether  it  would  work  on  an  aircraft,
    I  could  reply  affirmatively.  Then  they  insisted  on  knowing  why  it
    wasn't  on  their  airplanes,  and  they  became  quite  loud  about  it,  and
    insisted  there  be  no  more  airplanes  shipped  to  their  Government
    unless  it  was  incorporated.

    This  situation  that  I  found  myself  in  at  that  time  was  one,  perhaps,
    which  the  Russians  did  take  advantage  of.  They  knew  that  I  was,
    roughly,  on  the  "outs"  with  my  employers,  and  a  potential  source  of
    information.

    Now  this,  as  I  will  mention  in  a  few  minutes,  did  develop.  In  addi-
    tion to  this  scope  of  the  subject,  I  had  been  interested  in  and  working
    with  the  first  jet  propulsion  engine  in  the  United  States  at  the  General
    Electric  Co.,  so  my  knowledge  of  engines  was  not  only  one  of  the
    conventional  engine,  but  one  of  the  engine  of  the  future.  This  the
    Russians  knew,  for  I  had  been  at  the  General  Electric  Co.  for  some
    months.  This  is  something  I  inadvertently  overlooked  mentioning
    to  the  committee,  but  I  feel  they  will  forgive  me.

    A  friendship  then  developed  between  Mr.  Schevchenko  and  myself.
    At  first  it  was  merely  one  of  "How  do  you  do"  and  so  forth,  and  in  our
    many  discussions  always  the  subject  of  power  came  up;  always  the
    Russians  wanted  more  power.

    I  had,  in  this  discussion  that  I  recall,  told  them  of  a  scheme  by
    which  I  thought  I  could  utilize  scrap  materials  to  give  them  extra
    power.     I  had  approached  our  own  engineers,  oin-  own  managers,  on

    SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT  119

    the  subject,  and  met  with  frowns  again.  I  am  not  making  excuses;  I
    am  merely  stating  facts.  This  little  gadget  was  a  modification  of  a
    turbo-supercharger,  and  would  up  the  speed  of  an  aircraft  perhaps  50
    miles  an  hour.  Two  would  pro])ably  up  the  speed  75  miles  an  hour.
    I  thought  it  was  a  wonderful  idea  to  be  interested  in,  and  Mr.  Schev-
    chenko  was  also  interested.

    We  subsequently  went  out  to  dinner  and  talked  over  the  subject.
    He  proposed  buying  it  and  asked  me  to  put  a  figure  on  it.  When  I
    discussed  the  matter  with  my  wife  we  both  realized  that  if  it  were
    ever  culminated  it  would  be  illegal,  but  we  talked  more  from  the
    standpoint  of  a  joke,  so  we  said:  "Let's  make  a  figure  that  will  really
    knock  his  eyes  out."  On  that,  basis  I  asked  him  for  $500,000.  He
    was  not  amazed  at  all,  and  was  very  sincere.  However,  he  said  he
    was  not  the  sole  judge  of  whether  or  not  they  could  afford  to  buy  it,
    but  he  would  have  to  contact  a  Colonel  Pisconoff  in  Washington.  I
    don't  know  how  you  spell  it    [Pisconoff].

    Colonel  Pisconoff  did  come  to  the  Bell  Aircraft  Co.,  and  I  did  meet
    him.  Very  little  was  said  about  it  and  no  details  were  ever  given,  but
    finally  Mr.  Schevchenko  related  to  me  that  they  thought  the  price
    was  too  high  and  that  perhaps  it  would  involve  too  many  complica-
    tions.

    One  thing  that  was  quite  interesting  about  it  was  the  fact  that
    when  I  brought  up  the  subject  "How  can  you  do  it?  How  can  you
    build  it  without  my  helping  you?"  he  assured  me  he  would  have  no
    difficulty  whatever  in  getting  me  transferred  to  Russia;  and  that  there
    would  be  no  difficulty  in  bringing  into  the  country  the  moneys  in-
    volved; in  fact,  there  were  no  difficulties  associated  with  it.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  he  state  to  you  how  he  proposed  to  have  you
    transferred  to  Russia?

    Mr.  Haas.  Not  at  that  time,  but  later  I  found  out.  His  version
    of  it  was  that  his  influence  in  this  country  was  of  such  nature  that
    it  was  quite  weighty,  and  that  his  mere  request  was  sufficient  to
    accomplish  such  a  deed  as  that.  Later  I  did  find  out  that  the  moneys
    involved  were  a  very  simple  matter  of  diplomatic  immunity.  I  don't
    know  what  that  all  involves,  and  I  won't  attempt  to  go  into  it.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Proceed.

    Mr.  Haas.  These  two  items,  the  appearance  in  my  employer's  eyes
    of  being  not  too  strong,  let  us  sa}^,  coupled  with  the  willingness  on
    my  part  to,  let  us  say,  sell  such  a  device,  apparently  put  me  in  very
    good  light  with  Mr.  Schevchenko.

    During  this  period,  which  was  in  1944,  w^e  w^ere  in  constant  social
    company.  No  direct  acts  of  espionage  had  occurred  other  than  if  we
    should  like  to  call  what  I  have  just  related  espionage,  and  in  reality
    I  don't  believe  it  was.

    Our  subsequent  meetings  were  observed  by  the  Federal  Bureau  of
    Investigation,  and  I  was  then  contacted,  since  they  had  been  observ-
    ing him.

    The  Federal  Bureau  explained  to  me  their  suspicions  of  him  and
    requested  my  continued  friendship  with  Air.  Schevchenko,  with  the
    thought  that  p*erhaps  he  would  eventually  approach  me  from  the
    espionage  angle,  and  later  this  did  prove  to  be  so.

    In  late  1944,  Mr.  Schevchenko  informed  me  of  his  future  breaking  off
    with  the  Bell  Aircraft  Co.,  and  told  me  he  was  to  be  the  director  of  the
    Amtorg  Corp.,  being  in  complete  charge  with  the  exception  of  one  man

    120  SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT

    in  an  advisory  capacity.  The  Bell  Co.  at  this  time  was  a  little  bit
    slow,  perhaps,  we  might  say,  in  accomplishing  work  which  I  had  set
    out  as  my  goal,  that  is,  continued  work  with  gas  turbines.  They  did
    make  the  first  jet  airplane,  but  it  looked  like  the  future  with  that  com-
    pany at  that  time  was  not  along  those  lines.  So  Mr.  Schevchenko
    requested  of  me,  with  my  previous  knowledge  of  gas  turbines,  to  try
    to  locate  in  an  organization  where  I  could  further  this  end.  With  still
    no  idea  of  espionage  in  mind,  I  did  that.  I  sought  and  found  employ-
    ment with  the  Westinghouse  Electric  Co.,  and  was  fortunate  in  obtain-
    ing a  position  as  test  engineer.

    At  that  time  this  organization  was  perhaps  the  furthest  advanced  in
    gas  turbine  engines,  since  they  were  the  forerunners  in  development  of
    what  is  referred  to  as  the  axial-flow  type  of  compressor,  and  this  type
    has  been  the  forerunner  of  today's  most  powerful  engines.  So  in
    reality  that  was  a  most  opportune  position  for  anyone  working  with
    the  Russians  to  be  in.

    I  moved  to  Philadelphia  and  started  my  contacts  with  Mr.  Schev-
    chenko. The  first  contact  we  had — I  have  a  reference  here  in  a
    little  book  that  I  kept— was  March  18,  1945.  This  date  actually
    was  the  one  on  which  he  approached  me  from  the  standpoint  of  ob-
    taining for  him  highly  secret  turbo  jet  engine  data,  drawings,  reports,
    and  other  pertinent  information.  This  I  agreed  to  do,  upon  the
    previous  advice  of  the  Federal  Bureau.

    I  will  sum  up  and  then  come  back  to  important  items  in  my  discus-
    sion.

    From  March  until  late  November  1945  innumerable  exchanges  of
    microfilm  were  made  with  Mr.  Schevchenko.  The  material  was  all
    screened  by  the  Bureau  of  Aeronautics  and  the  Federal  Bureau  of
    Investigation  before  it  was  handed  to  him.

    And  now  I  would  like  to  bring  out  some  points  that  I  have  not
    touched  before.  Mrs.  Franey's  testimony  involved  a  list  of  informa-
    tion of  various  natures  requested  by  Mr.  Schevchenko.  I  would  like
    to  have  that,  if  I  may.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  The  witness  now  has  in  his  hands  Franey  Exhibit  1^

    Mr.  Haas.  I  should  like  to  try  to  tie  this  together  with  a  few  things
    that  I  have  not  yet  revealed.  First  of  all  I  would  like  to  read  off  a
    few  items  on  these  sheets  and  show  you  how  they  may  tie  in  with  my
    contacts.

    Here  is  one,  ^'Swept-Back  Wings  at  High  Velocities";  and  "High-
    Speed  Measurements  on  a  Swept-Back  Wing  (Swept-back  angle  35°";
    "A  Summary  of  Drag  Results  from  Recent  Langley  Full-Scale-Tunnel
    Tests  of  Army  and  Navy  Airplanes";  "Landing  Gear  Design  Con-
    siderations"; "Thermal  Requirements  for  Aircraft  Cabins";  "Wing
    Plan  Forms  for  High-Speed  Flight."  There  is  no  need  for  me  to  go
    on,  because  I  will  tie  them  in  now.

    Mr.  Schevchenko  told  me  in  one  of  our  many  meetings,  which  were
    of  quite  some  duration,  that  he  was  here  for  one  purpose:  He  was  a
    competitor  in  a  contest  the  prize  of  which  was  500,000  rubles.  The
    objective  of  the  contest  was  the  complete  design  of  an  ultrahigh-speed
    aircraft  powered  by  jet  propulsion.

    Mrs.  Franey  mentioned  a  man  by  the  name  of  Vladimir  Mazurin.
    Mr.  Schevchenko  told  me  Vladimir  Mazurin  was  the  most  outstanding

    «  See  pp.  127  to  128.

    SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT  121

    stress  engineer  in  Russia,  and  was  helping  him  in  his  work.  His
    work  had  a  deadhne,  the  end  of  1945.  He  had  to  accomphsh  a  com-
    plete aircraft  design  in  detail,  both  the  structm-e  and  the  engine,
    complete  with  drawings  and  reports,  before  that  date.  I  doubt
    whether  he  did  this.

    The  data  which  we  gave  Mr.  Schevchenko  while  I  was  in  Phila-
    delphia was  of  such  a  nature  as  to  be  greatly  misconstrued,  misleading,
    and  entirely  wrong.  This  might  seem  rather  difficult  to  put  across
    with  a  man  like  Schevchenko,  but  it  is  my  personal  opinion  that  while
    he  was  a  very  intelligent  and  learned  man,  the  job  he  was  tackling
    was  a  job  for  not  one  man,  but  perhaps  an  entire  company,  and  he
    tried  to  do  it  all.     Naturally  he  did  have  help,  alleged  help.

    On  our  many  meetings — I  suppose  I  should  not  bring  this  out^ — the
    Russian  was  an  excessive  drinker,  and  perhaps  there  had  to  be  some
    doubts  in  his  mind  as  to  my  sincerity,  and  on  these  occasions  we  would
    drink  together,  and  regardless  of  hovr  much  a  man  can  drink,  his
    senses  do  become  numbed.  It  was  during  these,  let  us  say,  numbed
    periods  that  Mr.  Schevchenko  did  reveal  information  to  me  such  as
    that  which  I  have  just  related  about  the  prize,  or,  as  he  called  it,  the
    bonus,  which  he  would  obtain.

    He  put  it  this  way:  "You  should  make  no  bones  about  helping  me."
    And  he  used  this  approach:  "I  am  a  Russian,  that  is  true,  and  you
    are  an  American ;  but  we  can't  let  nationalities  interfere  with  progress.
    Scientists  must  be  international."  And  that  viewpomt  does  exist
    with  many  scientists,  I  do  believe.

    However,  the  scope  of  his  work,  which  involved  information  from
    Mrs.  Franey,  is  of  this  magnitude:  Today  our  best  aircraft,  our  most
    recent  aircraft,  is  the  Lockheed  F-90.  It  has  35°  swept-back  wings.
    It  is  powered  with  engines  as  he  wanted  them  then  in  the  development
    stage.  If  Mr.  Schevchenko  had  been  able  to  gather  this  information
    and  consummate  it  in  such  a  way,  and  had  the  help  to  do  it,  4  yeai's
    ago  the  Russians  could  have  had  the  aircraft  which  we  have  today.
    That  is  why  this  information  on  this  list  was  requested.  Here  it  was
    4  years  ago,  but  only  today  is  it  being  made  use  of.

    I  think  perhaps  you  should  ask  me  some  questions.

    Mr.  Tavenxer.  Over  how  long  a  period  of  time  did  Mr.  Schev-
    chenko contact  you  with  reference  to  this  type  of  information?

    Mr.  Haas.  Perhaps  9  months  to  a  year.  It  started  in  March  1945
    and  ended  at  the  end  of  1945.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  What  was  the'last  occasion  on  which  you  saw  him?

    Mr.  Haas.  Toward  the  end  of  1945,  as  has  been  related  to  you,
    Mr.  Schevchenko  was  of  a  highly  suspicious  nature.  I  doubt  whether
    he  mistrusted  me  too  much,  but  he  did  become  quite  alarmed  at
    various  incidents  that  were  occurring.  He  did  observe  that  he  was
    being  followed.  He  was  a  master  at  deception  in  losing  anyone
    who  was  on  surveillance  with  him.  However,  the  excitement  that
    he  showed  was  one  more  or  less  of  sensing  rather  than  direct  knowledge.
    Most  Russians,  I  believe,  who  deal  with  work  such  as  Mr.  Schevchenko
    had,  are  of  a  nature  so  as  not  to  show  emotion;  and  Mr.  Schevchenko
    never  showed  a  facial  emotion,  even  though  he  was  highly  nervous,
    I  believe.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  You  spoke  of  the  transfer  of  35-millimeter  film.
    Tell  us  more  about  how  that  was  done.

    Mr.  Haas.  In  early  1944,  perhaps  it  was  May,  Mr.  Shevchenko
    presented  me  with  a  late  model  Leica  camera.     The  Leica  was  at

    122  SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT

    that  time,  and  perhaps  still  today,  is  considered  to  be  as  fine  a  camera
    as  one  could  want  for  manuscript  work.  He  versed  me  in  the  opera-
    tion of  the  camera,  showed  me  how  to  use  it,  the  settings  required  for
    document  reproduction,  the  techniques  employed,  and  the  reasoa  was
    the  microfilming  of  pertinent  information  on  the  development  of  gas
    turbine  engines,  both  drawings,  manuscripts,  and  reports.

    This  information  I  was  expected  to  gather,  and  I  was  in  just  the
    position  where  I  was  able  to  do  that.  Mr.  Schevchenko  knew  I  was
    in  charge  of  training,  and  anyone  in  charge  of  training  naturally  has
    to  have  the  information  for  himself  available.  He  was  very  pleased
    when  I  obtained  that  training  job,  because  it  put  me  in  a  much
    better  position  to  exchange  information  with  him.

    The  microfilm  work  was  all  done  at  the  Federal  Bureau  ofhces  by
    their  experts,  and  none  of  it  was  done  in  m.y  home.  Each  time  there
    was  a  package  of  information  available,  I  would  take  it  to  New
    York,  and,  as  in  the  case  of  the  Franeys,  there  would  be  entertain-
    ment and  an  exchange  of  money.  The  money  then  was  turned  over
    to  the  Bureau  and  the  serial  numbers  recorded,  or  whatever  the
    procedure  was.

    A  point  that  is  interesting  in  the  source  of  Mrs.  Franey's  paper  is
    this:  During  one  of  our  exchanges  Mr.  Shevchenko  was  rather  bragga-
    docious  and  related  that  he  was  well  acquainted  with  the  presidents  of
    leading  organizations  in  our  country,  and  he  named  several;  that  he
    had  dinner  with  them  and  that  they  told  him  about  their  projects.

    Naturally,  in  the  course  of  our  discussions,  Mr.  Schevchenko,  being
    an  aeronautical  engineer,  was  well  acquainted  with  aircraft.  He  was
    up  to  date.  He  knew  items  of  interest  that  were  secret,  which  only
    those  involved  in  the  development  of  the  same  would  know.  He
    knew  of  a  jet  engine  manufactured  by  the  General  Electric  Co.  before
    it  was  released  for  any  source  of  publication.  In  fact,  it  was  in  the
    secret  stage.

    I  believe  I  have  summarized  the  objective  of  Mrs.  Franey's  contact.
    The  items  he  requested  were  all  vital  to  the  accomplishment  of  his
    duty  or  his  goal.  All  these  items  in  this  list  pertain  to  the  fulfillment
    of  that  contest,  and  his  contact  with  me  merely  fulfilled  the  details  of
    the  power  plant.  There  is  no  need  for  me  to  relate  the  importance
    of  what  would  have  happened  if  he  had  obtained  this  information
    as  he  desired.  Mr.  Schevchenko  was  one  man  in  a  contest.  There
    must  have  been  others,  because  he  was  very  interested  in  getting  all
    his  information  at  the  most  ideal  source  and  at  as  great  a  speed  as
    he  could.

    Mr.  Schevchenko 's  position  in  Amtorg — to  my  knowledge  he  was
    an  important  man  in  that  organization — provided  him  with  contacts
    that  a  normal  engineer,  American  or  Russian,  did  not  have.  The
    Russian  Purchasing  Commission  offered  a  potential  outlet  for  peace-
    time equipment,  and  members  of  various  organizations  in  our  country
    would  actually  cultivate  a  friendship  with  a  man  of  that  stature,  and
    in  the  social  aspects  of  their  meetings  it  is  readily  seen  how  they
    could  divulge  to  him  innocently  information  that  they  were  working
    on.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  In  these  requests  made  by  Mr.  Schevchenko  to
    you  for  specific  reports  or  information,  did  he  indicate  a  knowledge
    of  the  existence  of  those  reports  prior  to  the  time  that  you  showed
    them  to  him?

    SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT  123

    Mr.  Haas.  No.  It  was  different  in  this  case.  In  development
    work  of  an  organization,  the  only  leaks  could  have  been  through  the
    organization,  and  with  the  Westinghouse  Co.  there  occurred  only
    once  a  leak,  and  it  did  apparently  originate  somewhere.  I  may
    explain  that  a  little  bit.  Any  company  engaged  in  development,  it
    is  not  really  a  secret  business.  It  is  amongst  the  public  and  other
    manufacturers;  to  them  it  is  all  highly  secret,  they  have  no  knowledge
    of  it.  But  Government  soin-ces  who  work  with  aircraft  and  engine
    companies  all  work  to  help  tliein  along.  They  will  take  components
    or  parts  of  an  engine,  for  instance,  that  is  being  developed,  and  help
    develop  it.  Let  us  take  high-speed  measurements  on  a  swept-back
    wing.  Such  work  could  have  been  done  in  a  wind  tunnel  in  the
    NACA  laboratories  in  Cleveland.  They  then  issue  a  report,  and  that
    report  stili  is  very  confidential  and  is  limited  in  its  distribution  to
    perhaps  leading  engineers  involved  in  its  use.  But  in  the  case  of
    this  Westinghouse  engine,  I  was  the  source,  and  not  a  good  source
    but  in  no  other  than  one  case  was  there  previous  knowledge  of  the
    work  involved.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  I  have  not  asked  you  the  direct  question  as  to
    how  many  contacts  you  had  which  involved  the  delivery  of  informa-
    tion to  Schevchenko.

    Mr.  Haas.  The  exact  number  of  times  I  can't  say,  but  there  must
    have  been  at  least  a  dozen.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  he  make  payments  of  money  or  other  types
    of  compensation  for  each  of  those  deliveries  of  information?

    Mr.  Haas.  Mr.  Schevchenko  did  pay  money  in  values  of  $100  or
    $200.  In  many  of  the  cases  of  the  contacts  there  was  no  information.
    It  can  readily  be  seen,  the  difficulty  of  screening  tridy  secret  informa-
    tion. It  must  go  through  proper  channels.  For  instance,  if  I  was
    there  one  week  end  and  he  had  requested  my  presence  within  2  weeks,
    I  would  attempt  to  stall  him  at  least  3  weeks  in  order  for  that  infor-
    mation to  be  cleared  and  doctored  and  prepared;  and  in  some  cases
    it  was  impossible  to  obtain  the  information.  It  was  a  matter  of  not
    making  excuses,  but  preparing  him  for  something  much  better  than
    if  you  had  been  there  at  the  desired  time.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Wlien  Mr.  Schevchenko  left  for  Russia,  did  he
    leave  any  instructions  as  to  what  should  be  done  with  other  informa-
    tion which  you  might  obtain?

    Mr.  Haas.  My  final  contact  attempt  was  one  in  which,  some  time
    prior  to  Clu'istmas  1945,  Mrs.  Haas  and  I  were  entertained  by  Mr.  and
    Mrs.  Schevchenko,  and  the  man  was  very  much  aware  of  being  fol-
    lowed and,  as  was  mentioned  before,  was  in  a  somewhat  distm'bed
    state.  At  that  time  he  did  ask  me  if  I  had  been  contacted  by  the
    Bm-eau,  and  then  he  suggested  that  Mrs.  Haas  bring  the  next  micro-
    film to  New  York.     This  was  frowned  upon  by  the  Bm'eau.

    Mr.  Velde.  By  "Bureau"  you  mean

    Mr.  Haas.  The  Federal  Bureau  of  Investigation.  And  she  was  not
    permittetl  to  go  alone.  There  is  an  interesting  sidelight  to  this  trip  she
    might  have  taken.  The  pay-off  was  to  be  a  little  dift'erent.  Instead
    of  a  cash  pay-off  such  as  had  been  obtained  in  the  past,  she  was  privi-
    leged to  go  shopping  with  Mrs.  Schevchenko,  and,  being  Christmas
    time,  all  her  Christmas  shopping  was  going  to  be  done  on  the  Schev-
    chenkos.  There  is  no  telling  where  that  might  have  led.  However,
    she  didn't  go,  and  our  next  contact  with  Mr.  Schevchenko  was  in  the

    124  SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT

    form  of  a  Christmas  card  telling  us  that  he  was  going  to  Russia  for  his
    health  and  would  return  in  May  of  the  following  year  and  would
    contact  me  at  that  time.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Where  did  you  make  your  contacts  with  Mr.
    Schevchenko  in  New  York?

    Mr.  Haas.  All  of  the  places?

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes.

    Mr.  Haas.  Mr.  Schevchenko  and  I,  we  did  get  around.  He  made
    no  issue  of  having  one  rendezvous,  but  we  would  meet  usually  at  his
    apartment  and  then  go  out  to  various  places  of  entcTtainment,  and
    we  would  either  exchange  it  under  the  table  in  a  very  shrewd  way,  or
    while  we  were  walking  in  a  crowded  subway.  Oh,  there  was  a  multi-
    tude of  ways  in  which  we  did  it.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Where  was  his  apartment?

    Mr.  Haas.  4  West  Ninety-third  Street,  apartment  3-D.

    In  that  time  of  war  there  were  scarcities,  among  which  were  ciga-
    rettes and  good  Scotch.  Mr.  Schevchenko's  apartment  lacked  noth-
    ing. He  had  a  complete  array  of  liqueurs  and  cigarettes  and  food
    and  money.     He  had  everything  one  could  desire.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  You  spoke  of  meeting  Colonel  Pisconoff.  Did
    you  ever  see  him  after  that  occasion  when  Mr.  Schevchenko  brought
    him  to  Bell  Aircraft?

    Mr.  Haas.  No.  But  he  did  at  the  time  regard  Colonel  Pisconoff
    as  the  man  who  might  have  the  final  say  on  something  involving  an
    amount  such  as  was  requested.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  Mr.  Chairman,  that  is  all  I  desire  to  ask  this
    witness  now.

    Mr.  Wood.  Any  further  questions?     Mr.  Walter?

    Mr.  Walter.  No.

    Mr.  Wood.  Mr.  Velde?

    Mr.  Velde.  On  those  occasions  when  you  visited  with  Mr.  Schev-
    chenko in  New  York,  did  he  introduce  you  to  any  of  his  friends  other
    than  this  Colonel  Pisconoff?

    Mr.  Haas.  No.

    Mr.  Velde.  Did  you  ever  exchange  any  of  these  microfilm  with
    him  in  his  own  apartment?

    Mr.  Haas.  Oh,  yes.

    Mr.  Velde.  Did  he  ever  leave  you  with  the  impression  that  he
    knew  he  was  being  followed  by  the  Federal  Bureau  of  Investigation,
    or  being  investigated?

    Mr.  Haas.  Yes,  he  did.  I  recall  one  occasion,  the  Bureau  had
    rented — ^I  won't  mention  the  exact  place — an  apartment  with  a  good
    view  of  Mr.  Schevchenko's  apartment,  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining
    moving  pictures  of  my  entrance  and  whatever  they  could  through  the
    window,  and  our  exit,  which  usually  did  transpire.  That  particular
    day  I  believe  he  did  know  they  were  there.  He  first  kept  looking  over
    at  the  point  where  they  were  stationed,  and  finally,  in  a  very  disgusted
    manner,  he  pulled  down  the  shades.  So  at  that  time  I  believe  he  was
    well  aware  of  his  being  followed.

    «

    SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT  125

    Mr.  Velde.  You  mentioned  earlier  that  you  didn't  think  an  act  of
    espionage  had  been  committed  by  Mr.  SchevchenlvO  up  to  a  certain
    point.     Will  you  explain  that  further?

    Air.  Haas.  Yes.  Wliile  I  was  with  Bell  Au'craft  Mr.  Schevchenko
    had  not  requested  any  information  of  such  a  nature  that  was  re-
    stricted or  confidential.  The  particular  item  on  which  the  fabulous
    sum  was  set  was  an  item  which  was  already  in  the  hands  of  the  Russian
    people.  At  that  time  they  had  in  their  custody  quite  a  number  of
    obsolete  B-17's.     All  of  those  B-17's  had  turbo-superchargers  on  them.

    Mr.  Velde.  You  mean  they  had  this  gadget  you  had  invented  on
    them?

    Mr.  Haas.  No.  They  had  the  components  for  the  gadget.  It
    requned  merely  a  rearrangement  of  parts  and  a  few  minor  annotations
    to  fulfill  it.

    Mr.  Velde.  He  made  you  an  offer  for  some  information  which  you
    had  concerning  a  certain  gadget  you  described  as  a  25-cent  gadget.
    Was  this  gadget  a  secret?

    Mr.  Haas.  No.  This  is  a  separate  item,  this  one  that  you  refer  to.
    That  was  the  one  1  mentioned  in  the  beginning  of  my  discussion.
    That  one  was  merely  a  modification  for  a  malfunctioning  part  to  an
    airplane  which  they  were  buying  in  quantity.  He  offered  no  money
    for  that.

    Mr.  Velde.  I  thought  you  said  he  had  asked  you  to  put  a  price  on
    something.

    Mr.  Haas.  That  was  the  second  item  I  mentioned.  There  were
    two  items.  One  was  the  item  which  caused  concern  over  the  stoppage
    of  delivery  of  aircraft.  That  was  the  2o-cent  item  which  modified  a
    malfunctionmg  part.  The  second  item  was  the  one  in  which  I  pro-
    posed to  increase  the  speed  of  aircraft  by  the  rearrangement  of  mate-
    rials which  they  already  had.

    Mr.  Velde.  Was  that  prior  to  your  contacting  the  FBI,  or  after-
    wards?

    Mr.  Haas.  I  believe  they  coincided  one  way  or  another.  I  don't
    recall.

    Mr.  Velde.  Do  you  feel  he  had  committed  an  act  of  espionage,  or
    was  engaged  in  a  conspiracv  to  commit  an  act  of  espionage,  after
    that?

    Mr.  Haas.  Definitely.

    Mr.  Velde.  lie  never  was  arrested?

    Mr.  HA..A.S.  No.  I  am  glad  you  brought  that  up.  This  is  something
    which  I  have  not  prepared,  and,  frankly,  1  haven't  prepared  any  of
    it,  but  it  is  something  1  woidd  like  to  discuss  for  just  a  moment.

    The  Franeys  and  myself  and  my  wife,  when  this  started  we  were
    just  four  of  mdlious  of  people  in  this  country,  and  through,  probably,
    circumstances,  \se  became  involved,  and  for  at  least  a  year  we  were
    subjected  to,  let  us  say,  the  trials  and  tribulations,  as  I  suppose  any
    woman  would  say,  of  dealing  with  a  character  who  was  a  potential
    murderer  and  thief.  There  were  repoi'ts  in  the  paper  along  about
    that  time  referring  to  the  Amtorg  Corp.  as  being  headquarters  for
    this  association  referred  to  loosely  as  NKVD.     They  were  supposedly

    126  SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT

    in  the  same  headquarters  with  Amtorg,  and  Mr.  Schevchenko  was
    supposedly  in  charge  of  Amtorg.  Anyone  coiikl  put  two  and  two
    together  and  it  woukl  involve  a  degree  of  restlessness.

    1  feel,  and  I  am  sure  the  Franeys  feel,  that  Schevchenko  was  not
    merely  a  Russian,  but  a  potential  min-derer  and  thief.  His  obtaining
    the  information  he  desired  to  obtain  from  Mrs.  Franey  and  myself
    would  give  the  Russian  Government,  if  they  were  ever  an  enemy  and
    not  an  ally,  the  weapons  with  which  to  murder  us.  That  made  him
    a  mm-derer.  And  if  they  won  out,  they  would  take  everything  away
    from  us,  and  that  made  him  a  thief  as  well.

    The  part  that  we  played  was  perhaps  not  too  dangerous,  and  it  was
    exciting,  and  anyone  would  have  done  it,  but  what  I  would  like  to
    bring  out  is:  How  many  times  would  I  have  done  it?  Frankly,  with
    the  outcome  that  we  have  had  in  these  circumstances,  I  wouldn't
    have  done  it  again.

    If,  in  good  faith,  you  help,  say,  this  Government  of  ours,  with  a
    goal  of  doing  a  good  deed  and  helping  to  restrain  an  individual  such
    as  Schevchenko,  and  then,  when  things  have  worked  up  to  a  point
    where  you  feel  "It  has  to  end  now,  there  is  nothing  else  we  can  do,"
    you  are  told  by  the  Federal  Bureau  tliat  they  have  an  airtight  case,
    and  then  when  you  ask  "When  is  it  going  to  stop,  when  are  we  going
    to  bring  this  man  up  for  trial"  you  are  passed  off  with  such  answers
    as  "Well,  Mr.  Byrnes  of  the  State  Department  says  we  can't  touch
    him" — ^perhaps  I  shouldn't  say  that.

    Mr.  Walter.  Who  told  you  that?

    Mr.  Haas.  Members  of  the  Federal  Bureau  of  Investigation.

    Mr.  Walter.  Who  were  they?

    Mr.  Haas.  That  is  so  long  ago  I  can't  remember.

    With  those  thoughts  in  mind,  frankly,  I  don't  think  many  people
    would  become  involved  if  they  thought  it  was  for  naught.

    It  is  true  there  was  a  degree  of  learning  involved.  We  met  people.
    We  met  people  that  we  normally  never  would  have  met.  The  FBI
    men,  I  had  them  pictured  as  gun-toting  men  and  the  like.  We  never
    would  have  met  Congressmen  or  committees.

    Mr.  Wood.  Any  further  questions?

    Mr.  Tavenner.  That  is  all.

    Mr.  Wood.  Do  any  members  of  the  committee  have  any  questions?

    (No  response.)

    Mr.  Wood.  Thank  you  very  much,  Mr.  Haas.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  There  are  some  questions,  Mr.  Chairman,  that
    we  want  to  ask  him  in  executive  session,  for  the  reasons  I  mentioned.

    Mr.  Wood.  Are  there  any  other  witnesses  for  the  open  session?

    Mr.  Tavenner.  No,  sir.

    Mr.  Wood.  The  committee  will  go  into  executive  session.

    Mr.  Tavenner.  It  might  be  well  to  make  a  public  statement  of
    the  reason  for  it,  otherwise  it  might  be  misconstrued.

    Mr.  Wood.  For  purposes  of  not  hampering  further  investigations
    of  the  committee,  it  is  desired  to  go  into  executive  session  to  ask
    further  questions.

    (Whereupon,  at  3:15  p.  m.,  the  open  session  was  concluded.)

    1

    SCniET  ESPIONAGE  IX  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT

    Franey  exhibit  1

    127

    Class

    To   be   classi-
    fied.
    Do

    Secret.

    Confidential  .

    Restricted

    Do -.

    Unclassified . .

    Confidential- -

    Do

    Do

    Do. _

    Unclassified..

    Do

    Restricted

    Secret

    Do.......

    Unclassified..

    Secret

    Unclassified-.

    Confidential..
    Do

    Swept-Back  Wings  at  High  Velocities-

    Unclassified-..
    Confidential-..
    Unclassified..

    Secret

    Confidential

    Do

    Restricted-..
    Confidential

    Do.

    High-Speed  Measurements  on  a  Swept-back  Wing  (Swept-
    Back  Angle,  35°).

    Cabin  Air  Conditioning  System  of  a  Typical  Jet- Propelled
    Fighter  .\.irplane.

    A  Summary  of  Drag  Results  from  Recent  Langley  Full-
    Scale-Tunnel  Tests  of  Army  and  Navy  Airplanes.

    Landing  Gear  Design  Considerations  by  James  A.  Hoot-
    man.

    Drag  Determinations  of  the  Forward  Component  Tricycle
    Landing  Gear.

    .Thermal  Requirements  for  Aircraft  Cabins

    Comparative  Drag  Measurements  at  Transonic  Speeds  of

    Rectangular  and  Swept-Back  NACA  651-009  Airfoils

    Mounted  on  a  Freely  Falling  Body.
    The  Characteristics  of  a  Tapered  and  Twisted  Wing  with

    Sweep-Back.
    \  General  Solution  of  the  Problem  of  the  Glauert  Loading

    of  Wings  with  Discontinuities  of  Incidence.

    Wing  Plan  Forms  for  High-Speed  Flight

    The  Influence  of  Sweep  on  the  Spanwise  Lift  Distribution

    of  Wings.
    Monoplane  Wings  with  Sweep  (Theoretical  Calculation  of

    the  Spanwise  Lift  Distribution).
    Theoretical   Distribution  of  Load   Over  a   Swept-Back

    Wing.
    Athodyd  Thrust

    Performance  Comparison  Between  a  Gas  Turbine-Propel-
    ler Power  Plant  and  a  Gas  Turbine-Jet  Propulsion  Unit
    Installed  in  a  High  Speed  Fighter  Airplane.

    A.  Method  for  Estimating  Gas  Turbine-Jet  Airplane  Per-
    formance.

    Manufacture  of  Blades  for  Junkers  Turbo-Jet  Unit

    The  End  Losses  of  Turbine  Blades.

    A  Metallurgical  Investigation  of  a  Large  Forged  Disc  of

    19-9  DL  Alloy.
    Heat  Resisting  Metals  for  Gas  Turbine  Parts  N-102

    Investigation  of  Blade  Characteristics — Performance  and

    Efficiency    of    Turbine    and    Axial-Flow    Compressor

    Stages.
    Compilation  of  Current  Data  on  Selected  Alloys  Suitable

    for  High  Temperature   Service  in   Gas  Turbine  and

    Supercharger  Parts.
    Vibration  Studies  on  Turbine  Blades

    Cabin  Pressurization  and  Conditioning  Systems  for  Jet

    Propelled  .\ircraft.
    Ram  Jet  Power  Plants

    Fuel  Systems  for  Jet  Propulsion

    The  Intermittent  Jet  Engine

    Tests  at  Transonic  Speeds  of  the  Effectiveness  of  a  Swept-
    Back  Trailing-Edge  Flap  on  an  Airfoil  Having  Parallel
    Flat  Surfaces,  Extreme  Sweepback  and  Low  Aspect
    Ratio.

    The  Calculation  of  .\erodynamic  Loading  on  Surfaces  of
    any  Shape.

    An  Interim  Report  on  the  Stability  and  Control  of  Taillless
    Airplanes.

    Source  of  report  and  report

    No.

    German  Bericht  127.    Trans-
    lated into  English.
    German  Report  FBI813.

    AIResearch  Manu.  Com-
    pany Proposal  Number  B-
    12.

    NACA  ACR  L5A30.

    NACA  3D30.
    NACA  T.  N.  788.

    Air  Technical  Service  Com-
    mand, Wright  Field.
    TSEAL-3-695-56.

    NACA  L5G30.

    British  R  &  M  1226.

    Report  7629  Ae.  2C05.

    NACA  L5G07.

    Journal  of  Aero.  Sci.  March

    1943,  pp.  101-104.
    Aircraft  Engineering,  August

    1938  issue,  pp.  245-247.
    NACA    Report,    dated

    October  1942.
    General  Electric  Data  Folder

    26691.
    Curtiss- Wright  Re.  911A.

    AAFTR  5193.

    British  Re.  A. 1.2  9.5.44  (is-
    sued from  Wright  Field).

    Brown  Boveri  Review,  No-
    vember 1941  Issue,  pp.  356-
    361  (French).

    NACA  5C10.

    Nat'l.     Def.     Res.     Com..

    Office    of    Sci.    Res.    and

    Dev.  M-16.
    Trans,  of  A.  S.  M.  E.  July

    1944  issue,  pp.  413-480.

    Nat'l.  Def.  Res.  Com.,
    Office  of  Sc.  Res.  and  Dev.
    M-12.

    From  German  Publication
    Motortechnische  Zeit-
    schrift.

    Wr  ightField  Eng.  Data  Re-
    port TSEPL-5-522-272.

    Manual  No.  2:37.'

    Manual  No.  218.'

    Manual  No.  241.'

    NACA  L5H01.

    British  R  &  M  1910.
    NACA  L4H19.

    128

    SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  JET  PROPULSION  AND  AIRCRAFT

    The  following  reports  are  prints  of  35-inillimeter  microfile  taken   by  either
    United  States  Army  or  Navy  personnel.

    Class

    Top  secret.

    Title

    Performance  of  Ram  Jets  with  Negligible  Velocity  in

    Combustion  Chamber.
    Design  of  Ram  Jets

    Preliminary  Reports  on  Tests  of  the  FW  Ram  Jet  in

    Wind  Tunnel  A9  of  the  LFA.
    Stability  Considerations  for  Swept-Back  Wings.
    Extent  of  the  Laminar  Boundary  Layer  on  a  §wept-Back

    Wing.
    Three  Component  Measurements  on  a  Swept-Back  Wing

    with  a  Split  Flap.
    Tests  on  a  Partially  Swept-Back  Wing  with  Varying

    Dihedral.
    Contributions  to  the  Investigation  of  Swept-Back  Wings..
    Measurements  of  Pressure  Distributions  on  Swept-Back

    Wings.
    Lift  Distributions  on  Swept-Back  Wings

    Source  of  report  and  report
    No.

    FW  Rep  90-040.2

    FW  Rep  09-041. «
    FW  Rep  09-045.»

    UM3151.

    FB  1626.

    FB  1913.

    FB  1458.
    FB  1501.

    FB  1553.

    '  Prepared  for  the  commander  in  chief,  United  States  fleet,  by  members  of  Jet  Propelled  Missiles  Panel
    of  Office  of  Scientific  Research  and  Development.  Reports  forwarded  to  Bell  Aircraft  by  AAF  Air  Tech-
    nical Service  Command  (TSEPL-S),  Wright  Field,  Dayton,  Ohio.

    «Focke-Wulf.

    ^

    BOSTON  PUBLIC  LIBRARY

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