[Hindustani]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]
VJ \.35: 30-32 7
Hindustani
Language Guide
2 HOUR BUILDING USE ONLY
J$45 ; 1944 edUVion
TM 30-327
W 1.35: 2>O-B2.7
HINDUSTANI
INTRODUCTORY SERIES
LANGUAGE GUIDE
U OF NT LIBRARIES 76203
\) \ oi .h: 3L - 331
TM 30-327
HINDUSTANI
A GUIDE TO THE SPOKEN LANGUAGE
WAR DEPARTMENT WASHINGTON, MARCH 1, 1944
WAR DEPARTMENT Washington 25, D. C., 1 March 1944.
TM 30—327, Hindustani Language Guide, to be used with the\Introductory Series Language Records, is published for military personnel only, and is not to be republished in whole or in part without the consent of the War Department.
[A.G. 300.7 (3 Mar 43)]
By order of the Secretary of War:
G. C. MARSHALL,
Chief of Staff.
official :
J. A. ULIO,
Major General, The Adjutant General.
Distribution to the following in Continental U. S. only: AAF (10) ; AGF (10) ; ASF (2) ; Arm & Sv Bd (2) ; S Div ASF (1) ; Tech Sv (2) ; Sv C (10) ; PC & S (1) ; Gen & Sp Sv Sch (10) ; USMA (2) ; A (10) ; CHQ (10) ; D (2) ; AF (2) ; Overseas: T of Opn (10) ; Distribution to tbe following in Burma, India and Middle East: D (5) ; B (1) ; R (1) ; Bn (1); C (2); AF (5) ; G (1); W (1) ; S (2).
(For explanation of symbols, see FM 21-6.)
CONTENTS
PAGE
Useful Words and Phrases................... 12
Greetings and General Phrases........... 13
Location ............................... 16
Directions ........................... 17
Numbers................................. 19
What’s That? ........................... 20
Asking for Things ...................... 20
Money................................... 22
Time ................................... 23
Other Useful Phrases ................... 26
Additional Expressions..................... 29
Fill-in Sentences.......................... 33
Alphabetical Word List ................... 47
AS SOON AS I TURN MY BACK THOSE GUYS GET A GAME
HINDUSTANI
LANGUAGE GUIDE
Hindustani is spoken by about 140,000,000 people in India. Though it is only one of the many languages spoken there, it is understood by most of the Indian people. With a knowledge of Hindustani and English you can get along almost anywhere in India.
This Language Guide will enable you to ask directions, buy things or order a meal. Knowing a little of the language will also help you to get along with the people, for they will naturally be pleased to see a stranger showing enough interest in them to try to speak their language.
How to Use the Records and Guide
The records that go with this Guide give you a number of the most important words and phrases in Hindustani. Read the section called Hints on Pronunciation and
5
then listen to the records until you know the Useful Words and Phrases by heart. Repeat each word out loud right after you hear it and say it exactly the way the Hindustani speaker does. Imitate the pronunciation as closely as you can, just as you might mimic someone who has an unusual accent. Try to get every detail of the pronunciation, even the rhythm and intonation. Follow the words in your Guide but use them only as a reminder-; if you hear something different from what you see written, go by what you hear. Remember that you can’t get the sound of a language from the printed word alone — you have to use your ears even more than your eyes. If you don’t have the records and can’t get a Hindustani
YOU HAVE TO USE YOUR
EARS EVEN MORE THAN
speaker to read the words, you will have to rely on the Hints on Pronunciation.
By the time you have practiced the Useful Words and Phrases several times, you will know what sound each letter stands for in the Guide. You will then be able to pronounce the Additional Expressions even though you have not actually heard them, and you will be able to form sentences of your own by using the section called Fill-in Sentences.
Hints on Pronunciation
All the words and phrases are written in a spelling that you read like English. Each letter or combination of letters is used for the sound it normally represents in English and it always stands for the same sound. Thus, "oo” is always to be read as in too, boot, tooth, roost.
Say these words and then pronounce the vowel sound by itself. That is the sound you must use every time you see "oo” in the Pronunciation column. If you should use some other sound — for example, the one in blood or the one in door — you might be misunderstood.
7
Syllables that are accented — that is, pronounced louder than others — are written in capital letters. But Hindustani words have a fairly even accent; sometimes one syllable in a word will sound louder and sometimes another. Although you should pronounce the capitalized syllables a little louder than the others, be careful not to skip over the unaccented syllables. In pronouncing Hindustani give every syllable its full value.
Apostrophes (’) and curved lines (^) are used to show sounds that are pronounced together without any break; for example, "G’YAH-nz” meaning "eleven,” "sd-RAH^ee” meaning "hotel.”
Special Points
AH as in ah, palm, father. Examples: “AHP”
meaning “you,” “pah-NEE” meaning “water.”
A as in fat, cab, ran. In very careful pro-
nunciation some Hindustani speakers drawl this sound, making it something like the sound in care. Ordinarily, though, it is like the sound in fat. Examples: “MAA’” meaning “I,” “HA” meaning “is.”
8
The words are u/riHen in a sitnplrfieo spelling, like this...
BUTTE.... BJTOOT a /
PHOENIX — FEE-niks
PHILADELPHIA- fil-a-DELF-Lja POUGHKEEPSIE.-.po-KIP-see SIOUX CITY... SOO-SlT-ee WORCESTER ...WOO5T- vr SCHENECTADY- ska-NEKT-a-Jee
the SYL'Ia-bles that are pro-NOUNCED LOUD-er are in CAP-it-al LEHers
u
as in but, cub, run. Examples: “PHUL” meaning “fruit,” “UN-dah” meaning “eggs.”
a in italics stands for the a-sound in sofa,
china, about. Examples : “BAH-ra” meaning “twelve,” “sa-NEE-chur” meaning “Saturday.”
with a dot underneath stands for an r-sound made by curling your tongue back against the roof of the mouth. Examples: “gho-RAH” meaning “horse,” “SUR-uk” meaning “road.” The “r” without a dot stands for a sound made by bringing the tip of the tongue near the teeth.
in italics shows that the sound before it is pronounced through the nose. Examples: “na-HEEiV” meaning “no,” “PAH2VCH” meaning “five.”
when underlined stands for a sort of lisped (/-sound, pronounced with the tongue pressed against the upper front teeth. Examples : “DUSS” meaning “ten,” “CHAW-da” meaning “fourteen.”
when underlined stands for a lisped t-sound, pronounced with the tongue against the teeth. Examples: “TEEN” meaning “three,” “SAHT” meaning “seven.”
10
PH
TH
BH, PH, DH, T_H, JH, CHH, GH, KH
when underlined stands for the d-sound followed by a puff of breath. Some Hindustani-speaking people pronounce this sound like the //i-sound in this, that, then. Examples : “bun-DHEE” meaning “bandage,” “DOODH” meaning “milk.”
when underlined stands for the J-sound followed by a puff of breath. Some Hindustani-speaking people pronounce it like the sound in thick, thing, three. Examples: “THAH-nah” meaning “police station,” “THAH-lee” meaning “a plate.”
stand for sounds followed by a puff of breath, like the consonants and h in cab horse, childhood, foothold, matchhead, etc. Examples: “bhook-HAH” meaning “hungry,” “PHUL” meaning “fruit,” “SAHT.H” meaning “sixty,” “CHHA” meaning “six,” etc.
THAT’S AS FAR AS HE EVER GETS.'
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES
Following is the exact wording oj the Hindustani language records issued with this Guide:
These records give you a few useful phrases in Hindustani. The phrases and other words which you will need are found also in the pamphlet which should be used with these records. To learn to imitate the sounds of • Hindustani you should listen to the records at least six or seven times.
The English will be given first, followed by the Hindustani. Then repeat the Hindustani out loud and say it good and loud. Remember: Repeat every Hindustani phrase right after you hear it.
Somebody make up his mind
REPEAT THE ~ ~ -1 - -
WORDS OUT LOUD \ 1 '
Words, greetings and general phrases which are useful and should be memorized are given first.
GREETINGS AND GENERAL PHRASES
Hindustani has no regular way of distinguishing between "Good morning" and "Good evening.” The phrases below serve for all greetings and farewells. Bow slightly when you use them.
English Pronunciation
Good day nfl-MI TST-ay
„ or ah-DAHR-urz
or sa-LAHM
13
The last two are used more commonly in the northern part of India. Hindustani has no regular way to say "Sir,” "Madam” or "Miss” but uses the polite form of "you” when courtesy is desired. This form of "you” is "AHP.”
Yes HAHN
No na-HEEN
As you have heard, some Hindustani vowels are pronounced through the nose. You must give this nasal pronunciation to be understood. Hold your nose and say "moo” the way a cow goes:
MOON
You have just said the Hindustani word for "mouth.” Now try this through-the-nose pronunciation again in the words for "Yes” and "No”:
HAHN
na-HEEN
[Note: Vowels that are pronounced through the nose like this are written here with an N in italics after them.]
Hindustani has a phrase for "please”:
Please may-hayr-bah-NEE
14
English
Excuse me Thank you
Do you understand me ?
I don’t understand
Please speak slowly
Pronunciation
MAHF kur-YAY
SHOOK-ree-yah
AHP mooj-HAY sum-ujh-tay HAN?
MAN na-HEEN sum-ujh-TAH
DHEE-ray say bo-LEE-yay
Here is another sound you must practice. It is written "dh.” It is like our d with a distinct puff of breath after it and sounds like the d and h of madhouse. Try it again:
DHEE-ray
There are several other sounds with a puff of breath after them. The "bh” is like the b and h of cab horse. Try it in the word for "brother”:
Brother
BHAH.ee
Not SO fast!
7 Not 50 < '■ fast!
DHEE-ray say bo-LEE-yay
The "gh” is like the g and h of doghouse. Try it in the word for "horse”:
Horse gho-RAH
The "chh” is like the ch and h of church house. Try it in the word for "small”:
Small chho-TAH
The "th” is like the t and h of frat house. Try it in the word for "sixty”:
Sixty SAHT.H
And notice the difference between it and "seven”:
Seven SAHT
LOCATION
When you need to get somewhere you use the phrase "Where is__ ?” but put the words you need before it.
Where is__? __ka-HAHN HA?
a hotel HO-tul
or sa-RAH_ee
Where is a hotel? HO-tul ka-HAHN HA?
or sa-RAH_ee ka-HAHN
HA?
16
English
Pronunciation
a toilet
Where is a toilet?
Where is a restaurant?
Where is a railroad station ?
tut-TEEG-hur
tut-TEEG-hur ka-HAHN HA?
REST-o-rahn ka-HAHN HA?
“railway station” ka-HAHN HA?
DIRECTIONS
The answer to your question "Where is such and such ?” may be "Turn right” or "Turn left’’ or "Straight ahead,’’ so you need to know these phrases.
Turn right
Turn left
dah-hin-NAY haht.h GHOO-mo
BAH.een haht.h GHOO-mo
WHAT ARE THESE DIRECTIONS IN HINDUSTANI?
TURN RIGHT STRAIGHT AHEAD TURN LEFT
AYK
PAH/VCH!
DO
TEEN
CHAHR
English
Pronunciation
Straight ahead seed-HAY
It is sometimes useful to say "Please point.” What they say is "Please tell with a gesture.”
Please point ish-ah-RAY say but-TAH
dee-jee-YAY
If you are driving and ask the distance to another town, it will be given to you in miles or "KOASS.”
A "KOASS” equals between 2 and 2^ miles.
One mile
Six miles
AYK MEEL
CHHA MEEL or DO KOASS
NUMBERS
You need to know the numbers:
Number Pronunciation Number Pronunciation
One AYK Six CHHA
Two DO . Seven SAHT
Three TEEN Eight AHT.H
Four CHAHR Nine NAW
Five PAHNCH Ten DUSS
19
Number Pronunciation Number Pronunciation
Eleven G’YAH-ra Sixteen SO-la
Twelve BAH-ra Seventeen SUT-ra
Thirteen TAY-ra Eighteen ut-HAH-ra
Fourteen CHAW-da Nineteen oon-NEESS
Fifteen PUND-ra Twenty BEESS
For the rest of the numbers you will have to consult the word list of the pamphlet which should be used with these records. [See page 47.]
WHAT’S THAT?
When you want to know the name of something, you say "What’s that?’’ and point to the thing you mean.
What’s that? WO K’YAH HA?
ASKING FOR THINGS
When you want something, use the phrase "I want_”
and put in the name of the thing wanted.
I want mooj-HAY_____chah-hee-
YAY
I want cigarettes mooj-HAY “cigarette”
chah-hee-YAY
20
•may-hayr-bah-NEE
to eat
I want to eat
Here are the words for require:
KHAH-nah
mooj-HAY KHAH-nah chah-hee-YAY
some of the things you may
21
English Pronunciation
bread RO-tee
but European bread fruit DUB-ul RO-tee PHUL
water pah-NEE
eggs steak {but only in cities') UN-dah STAYK
meat GOASHT
potatoes rice AH-loo CHAH-wul
beans SAYM
fish MUCH-chhee
salad {but only in cities) milk sa-LAHT DOODH
beer BEER
a glass of beer a cup of coffee AYK gee-LAHSS BEER AYK PEE-ah-lah kah-fee-KAH
MONEY
To find out how much things cost you say:
of this iss-KAY
22
English Pronunciation
what K’YAH
price is How much does this cost? DAHM HA iss-KAY K’YAH DAHM HA?
The answer will be given in rupees, annas, and pais. Four pais equal one anna, sixteen annas equal one rupee, three and a half rupees equal one dollar.
Rupee Anna roo-pee-YAH AH-nah
Pais PASS-ah
Either "roo-pee-YAH” or "PASS-ah” by itself means
"money.” TIME
In Hindustani "What time is it?” is really "What has struck?”
What time is it? Ten minutes past four K’YAH ba-JEE HAN? CHAHR BUJ-kay DUSS MIN-ut
quarter past Quarter past five sa-WAH sa-WAH PAHNCH ba-JEE HAN
23
English
Pronunciation
half past sahr-HAY
Half past six sahr-HAY CHHA
"Half past one” and "half past two” are different from the other hours.
WHAT’S THE TIME IN HINDUSTANI?
English Pronunciation
Half past one DAYR ba-JEE HAN
Half past two DHAH-ee ba-JEE HAN
Twenty past seven SAHT buj-KAY BEESS MIN-ut
Twenty of eight AHT_H buj-NAY ko BEESS MIN-ut
quarter of paw-NAY
Quarter of nine paw-NAY NAW ■ ba-JEE HAN
Ten minutes to three TEEN buj-NAY ko DUSS MIN-ut
If you want to know when a movie starts or when a train leaves, you say:
at what time KA ba-JAY
the movie SIN-em-ah
starts shoo-ROO ho-TAH HA
At what time does the movie start? SIN-em-ah KA ba-JAY shoo-ROO ho-TAH HA?
25
English Pronunciation
the train rayl-gah-REE
leave At what time does the train leave? Today Tomorrow jah-TEE rayl-gah-REE KA ba-JAY jah-TEE HA? AHJ KL’L
The days of the week are:
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday AYT-wahr SOAM-wahr MUNG-gul BOODH joo-ma-RAHT JOOM-o or sook-ra-WAHR or SOOKH
Saturday sa-NEE-chur
OTHER USEFUL PHRASES
The following phrases will also be useful:
What is your name? AHP kah NAHM K’YAH HA?
26
English
Pronunciation
My name is John
How do you say "table” (or anything else) in Hindustani?
Good-by
MAY-rah NAHM “John” HA
AHP “table”, ko hin-doo-stah-NEE-may K’YAH ka-ha-TAY HAN?
na-MUST-ay
Notes on the Record Text
There are some differences in the use of words among Hindus and Moslems in India. For “Hello” and “Good-by” use “na-MUST-ay” to Hindus. In greeting Moslems say “sa-LAHM a-LAY-koom” or, if you want to be very polite, use “ah-DAHB-urz.” For “Good-by” Moslems say “KHOOD-ah HAH-fiz.” If you don’t know whether the person is Hindu or Moslem, use the simple greeting “sa-LAHM.”
Among Moslems the holy day of the week is Friday, which they call “JOOM-a.” The Hindu word for Friday is “sook-ra-WAHR” or the abbreviated “SOOKH.” Thursday is called “joo-ma-RAHT” by Moslems but “bra-ha-SPUT” by Hindus.
The word “KUL” means either “yesterday” or “tomorrow.”
Here are some additional numbers:
Number Pronunciation Number Pronunciation
30 TEESS 80 USS-see
40 chah-EEESS 90 NUB-bay
50 pa-CHAHSS 100 SAW
60 SAH1AH 1,000 ha-ZAHR
70 SUT-tur
ADDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS
English Pronunciation
Come in! ah-ee-YAY!
Have a seat BAT.H jah-ee-YAY
Pleased to meet you MAA AHP-say MIL-nay MAM KHOOSH HOOM
I don’t know MAM na-HEEM JAHN-tah HOOM
I think so MAM a-SAH SOACH-tah HOOM
don’t think so MAM a-SAH na-HEEM SOACH-tah HOOM
Maybe Halt! shah-YUD RO-ko!
Stop! Come here! Uha-ha-RO! ya-HAHM ah-0!
Right away! or Quickly! Come quickly! Go quickly! Help! Help me! Bring help! jul-DEE! jul-DEE ah-O! jul-DEE jah-0! MUD-ud DO! mooj-HAY MUD-ud DO! M.UD-ud lah-O!
29
I will reward you
I am your friend
Where are the soldiers ?
Where are the American soldiers ?
Where is the nearest town ?
Where is the nearest settlement ?
Where is it?
How far is the town ?
How far is the city?
Is it far?
MAN in-AHM doon-GAH
MAN AHP-kah DOAST
HOON
sip-ah-HEE ka-HAHN HAN?
a-MAY-rik-un sip-ah-HEE ka-HAHN HAN?
nuj-DEEK buss-TEE ka-HAHN HA?
nuj-DEEK GAH-oan ka-HAHN HA?
ka-HAHN HA?
buss-TEE ki£-NEE
DOOR HA?
sha-HUR kit-NEE
DOOR HA?
DOOR HA K’YAH?
30
English
Pronunciation
Is it near?
How far is it?
Which way is north ?
Which is the road to_?
Draw me a map
Take me there
Take me to a doctor
Take me to the hospital
nuj-DEEK HA K’YAH? kit-NEE .DOOR HA? ut-TUR kid-HUR HA? __ kee SUR-uk KAWN
HA?
MAY-ray lee-YAY NUK-shah bun-ah-ee-YAY
mooj-HAY wa-HAHN LAY chul-ee-YAY
mooj-HAY DAHK-tur kay PAHSS lay chul-ee-YAY
mooj-HAY usp-a-TAHL KO-lay chul-ee-YAY
Danger!
Gas!
Take cover!
Watch out!
Wait a minute!
khut-RAH!
GASS!
CHHOOP jah-O! khub-ur-DAHR!
AYK MIN-ut t.ha-ha-RO!
32
FILL-IN SENTENCES
In this section you will find a number of sentences, each containing a blank space which can be filled in with any one of the words in the list that follows. For example, to say "I want soap” look for the phrase "I want_” and,
in the list following the sentences, the word for "soap.” Then combine them as follows:
I want__ MAM____CHAH-hut-ah
HOOM
soap sah-BOON
I want soap MAM sah-BOON
CHAH-hut-ah HOOM
Notice that the order of words in Hindustani is often different from the order in English. For example, instead of saying "I want some soap” what you really say in Hindustani is "I soap wanting am.”
I want__ MAM ___ CHAH-hut-ah
HOOM
We want __ HUM----CHAH-hut-ay
HAM
Give me__ mooj-HAY.__dee-jee-YAY
33
English Pronunciation
Bring me Where can I get ? mooj-HAY lah-ee-YAY MAN ka-HAHN PAH suk-TAH HOON?
I have MAY-ray PAHSS HA
We have a-MAH-ray PAHSS . HA
I don’t have MAY-ray PAHSS — na-HEEN HA
We don’t have a-MAH-ray PAHSS na-HEEN HA
Do you have ? K’YAH AHP-kay PAHSS HA?
Example: I want , MAN CHAH-hut-ah HOON
drinking water I want drinking water PEE-nay kah pah-NEE MAN PEE-nay kah pah-NEE CHAH-hut-ah HOON
apples bananas boiled water SAYB KAY-lah oo-bah-LAH hoo-AH pah-NEE
butter muk-KHUN
34
English Pronunciation
cabbage canteloupe ko-BEE khurb-HOOJ
carrots cheese GAH-jur pa-NEER
chicken MOORG-ee
chocolate CHAWK-layt
cocoa KO-ko
cucumbers KHEE-rah
dates kha-JOOR
food KHAH-nah
grapes lemons ung-GOOR nee-BOO
mangoes AHM
onions pee-YAHJ
oranges SUNT-ur-ah
peas mut-TUR
pepper MEER-chah
rice CHAH-wul
salt na-MUK
soup spinach SHO-roo-bah PAH-luk
35
English Pronunciation
sugar tangerines chee-NEE NAH-rung-gee
tea CHAH^ee
vegetables watermelon SAHG turb-HOOJ
wine sha-RAHB
yams shuk-ur-KUND
a cup PEE-ah-lah
a fork kahn-TAH
a glass gee-LAHSS
a knife chhoo-REE
a plate THAH-lee
a spoon chum-CHAH
a bed chahr-pah-YEE
a blanket kum-BUL
a mattress a mosquito net a pillow gud-DEE much-CHHUR dah-NEE TUK-ee-yah
a room KUM-rah
36
English Pronunciation
a sheet chud-DUR
a towel TAW-lee-yah
a cigar (European) a cigar (Indian) a pipe tobacco CHOO-rut bee-REE PAH_eep tum-BAH-koo
ink see-yah-HEE
paper kah-GUJ
a pen a pencil ka-LUM PAYN-sul
a comb kung-HEE
hot water ga-RUM pah-NEE
a razor OOST-ur-ah
razor blades chho-TAH OOST-ur-ah
a shaving brush ha-JAH-mut kah bur-RUSH
soap a toothbrush sah-BOON DAHNT kah bur-RUSH
tooth powder DAHNT kah mun-JUN
37
WHICH IS WHICH?
A COMB SOAP A TOWEL
1. sah-BOON
A SHAVING BRUSH
RAZOR
BLADES
A TOOTHBRUSH
2, chho-TAH OOST-ur-ah
3. kung-HEE
4. TAW-lee-yah
5. DAHNT kah bur-RUSH
6. ha-JAH-mu£ kah bur-RUSH
7. OOST-ur-ah
(Answers on page 37.)
English Pronunciation
a handkerchief ROO-mahl
a raincoat bur-sah-TEE
a shirt shoelaces KOOR-tah JOO-tay kah TUSH-mah
shoe polish shoes an undershirt JOO-tay kah see-ah-HEE JOO-tay UNG-gee-yah
undershorts JUNG-hee-yah
underwear NEE-chay kay kup-RAY
buttons a needle BUT-un soo-EE
thread tah-GAH
aspirin a bandage ASP-ur-een bun-DHEE
cotton roo-EE
iodine ah-yo-DEEN
a laxative joo-LAHB
gasoline pay-TROAL
39
English
Pronunciation
I want MAN CHAH-hut-ah
to drink HOON
PEE-nah
to get a haircut BAHL ka-TAH-nah
to get shaved DAH-ree ba-NAH-nah
to have my laundry washed dhoo-LAH-nah
to rest ah-RAHM KUR-nah
to sleep SO-nah
to take a bath na-HAH-nah
to wash up DHO-nah
Where is the ? or Where is a ? ka-HAHN HA?
How far is the ? kit-NEE DOOR HA?
Example: Where is a ? ka-HAHN HA?
doctor DAHK-tur
Where is a doctor? DAHK-tur ka-HAHN HA?
barber nah-EE
butcher ka-sah-EE
English Pronunciation
carpenter dentist miss-TREE DEN-tist
laundryman mechanic dho-BEE kah-REE-gur
policeman sip-ah-HEE
porter koo-LEE
servant NAW-kur
shoemaker mo-CHHEE
tailor dur-JEE
workman muj-DOOR
barracks CHHAH-oo-nee
bridge bus POOL BUSS
camp church DAY-rah GEER-jah
city clothing store drugstore sha-HUR kup-RAY kee doo-KAHN da-WAH-khah-nah
garage ga-RAHJ
grocery a-NAHJ kee doo-KAHN
41
English Pronunciation
highway hospital house rah-STAH usp-a-TAHL GHUR
main street KHAHSS SUR-uk
market place bah-JAHR
nearest town nuj-DEEK buss-TEE
police station post office railroad THAH-nah DAHK-khah-nah RAYL
river na-DEE
road SUR-uk
spring CHUCH-ma
store doo-KAHN
streetcar TRAHM
telegraph office telephone TAHRG-hur tel-ee-FOAN
town buss-TEE
well KOO-ahn
I am MAN HOON
He is WO HA
42
WHICH IS WHICH?
■yS,"-' 1=^1
STREETCAR BRIDGE
^5”'
BANDAGE TELEPHONE BUTTONS
1. tel-ee-FOAN
2. RAYL
3. TRAHM
4. BUT-un
5. POOL
6. bun-DHEE
(Answers on pages
39,41,42.)
RAILROAD
Pronunciation
English
Example:
I am____
an American
I am an American
hungry
lost
sick thirsty tired
well wounded
MAN_____HOON
a-MAY-rik-un
MAN a-MAY-rik-un HOON
bhook-HAH KHO-ga-yah bee-MAHR p’yah-SAH THUK-ga-vah uch-CHHAH jukh-MEE
MA7V jukh-MEE HOO/V! >
English Pronunciation
We are HUM HAN
They are Are you ? Example: WAY HAN K’YAH AHP HAN?
We are HUM HAN
Americans a-MAY-rik-un
We are Americans HUM a-MAY-rik-un HAN
hungry lost bhook-HAY KHO-ga-ay
sick bee-MAHR
thirsty tired p’yah-SAY THUK-gq-ay
well wounded uch-CHHAY jukh-MEE
It is YAY HA
Is it ? K’YAH YAY _ HA?
It is very or It is too YAY ba-HOOT HA
It is not YAY na-HEEN HA
45
English Pronunciation
Example: It is not YAY na-HEEN HA
good It is not good uch-CHHAH YAY uch-CHHAH na-HEEN HA
bad kha-RAHB
cheap expensive large small SUST-ah MAN-ha-gah ba-RAH chho-TAH
clean SAHF
dirty cold MAL-ah Uhun-DAH
hot ga-RUM
few Uho-RAH
much or many enough far ba-HOOT kah-FEE DOOR
near nuj-DEEK
here ya-HAHN
there wa-HAHN
46
ALPHABETICAL WORD LIST
English Pronunciation A
ahead
Straight ahead seed-HAY
am
I am American MAN HOON
American soldiers a-MAY-rik-un sip-ah-HEE
I am an American / MAN a-MAY-rik-un HOON
We are Americans HUM a-MAY-rik-un HAN
Where are the American soldiers ? a-MAY-rik-un sip-ah-HEE ka-HAHN HAN?
apples SAYB
are
Are you ? They are We are K’YAH AHP HAN? WAY HAN HUM HAN
aspirin at what time ASP-ur-een KA ba-JAY
47
English Pronunciation
B
bad kha-RAHB
bananas KAY-lah
bandage bun-DHEE
barber nah-EE
barracks CHHAH-oo-nee
bath
I want to take a bath MAN na-HAH-nah CHAH-hut-ah HOON
beans SAYM
bed chahr-pah-YEE
beer BEER
blanket kum-BUL
boiled water oo-bah-LAH hoo-AH pah-NEE
bread
(European) DUB-ul RO-tce
(Indian) RO-tee
bridge POOL
bring
Bring help! MUD-ud lah-O!
48
English Pronunciation
Bring me brother mooj-HAY lah-ee-YAY BHAH.ee
brush bur-RUSH
shaving brush ha-JAH-mut kah bur-RUSH
toothbrush DAHNT kah bur-RUSH
bus BUSS
butcher ka-sah-EE
butter muk-KHUN
buttons BUT-un c
cabbage ko-BEE
camp canteloupe DAY-rah khurb-HOOJ
carpenter miss-TREE
carrots GAH-jur
cheap cheese SUST-ah pa-NEER
chicken MOORG-ee
chocolate CHAWK-layt
49
English Pronunciation
church cigar (European) (Indian) cigarettes I want cigarettes GEER-j ah CHOO-rut bee-REE mooj-HAY “cigarette” chah-hee-YAY
city How far is the city? sha-HUR sha-HUR kit-NEE DOOR HA?
clean SAHF
clothing store kup-RAY kee doo-KAHN
cocoa KO-ko
cold Uhun-DAH
comb kung-HEE
come
Cbme here! ya-HAHN ah-0!
Come in! Come quickly! cost ah-ee-YAY! jul-DEE ah-O!
How much does this cost ? iss-KAY K’YAH DAHM HA?
50
WHICH IS WHICH?
BREAD
BEER
CHEESE
(Answers in Word List.)
1. BEER
2. RO-tee
3. pa-NEER
4. AYK PEE-ah-lah kah-fee-KAH
5. chahr-pah-YEE
6. “cigarette”
English Pronunciation
cotton roo-EE
cover
Take cover! CHHOOP jah-O!
cucumbers KHEE-rah
cup a cup of coffee PEE-ah-lah AYK PEE-ah-lah kah-fee-KAH D
Danger! dates day Good day khut-RAH ! kha-JOOR na-MUST-ay or ah-DAHB-urz or sa-LAHM
dentist DEN-tist
dirty doctor MAL-ah DAHK-tur
Take me to a doctor mooj-HAY DAHK-tur kay PAHSS lay chul-ee-YAY
Draw me a map MAY-ray lee-YAY NUK-shah bun-ah-ee-YAY
52
Pronunciation
English
drink
I want to drink
drinking water
drugstore
eat
I want to eat
eggs eight eighteen eighty eleven enough Excuse me expensive
MAN PEE-nah
CHAH-hut-ah HOON
PEE-nay kah pah-NEE da-WAH-khah-nah
E
mooj-HAY KHAH-nah chah-hee-YAY
UN-dah
AHT.H ut-HAH-ra USS-see G’YAH-ra kah-FEE MAHF kur-YAY MAN-ha-gah
53
English Pronunciation
F
far DOOR
How far is it? kit-NEE DOOR HA?
How far is the ? — kit-NEE DOOR HA?
Is it far? DOOR HA K’YAH?
few Uho-RAH
fifteen PUND-ra
fifty pa-CHAHSS
fish MUCH-chhee
five PAHNCH
food KHAH-nah
fork kahn-TAH
forty chah-LEESS
four CHAHR
fourteen CHAW-da
Friday JOOM-a or sook-ra-WAHR or SOOKH
friend DOAST
I am your friend MAN AHP-kah DOAST HOON
54
English Pronunciation
fruit PHUL G
garage Gas! ga-RAHJ GASS!
gasoline get Where can I get __? pay-TROAL MAN ka-HAHN PAH suk-TAH HOON?
Give me mooj-HAY dee-jee-YAY
glass a glass of beer Go quickly! good Good day gee-LAHSS AYK gee-LAHSS BEER jul-DEE jah-O! uch-CHHAH na-MUST-ay or ah-DAHB-urz or sa-LAHM
Good-by or Good day na-MUST-ay
grapes ung-GOOR
grocery a-NAHJ kee doo-KAHN
55
English Pronunciation H
haircut
I want to get a haircut MAN BAHL ka-TAH-nah CHAH-hut-ah HOON
half past half past six Halt! sahr-HAY sahr-HAY CHHA RO-ko!
handkerchief have ROO-mahl
Do you have ? K’YAH AHP-kay PAHSS HA?
I don’t have MAY-rav PAHSS na-HEEN HA
I have MAY-ray PAHSS HA
We don’t have a-MAH-ray PAHSS na-HEEN HA
We have a-MAH-ray PAHSS _ HA
he WO
He is WO HA
Help! Help me! MUD-ud DO! mooj-HAY MUD-ud DO!
56
English
Bring help!
here
Come here!
highway
Hindustani
in Hindustani
horse
hospital
Take me to the hospital
hot
hot water
hotel
or
Where is a hotel?
or
house
how
How do you say "table” in Hindustani?
Pronunciation
MUD-ud lah-O!
ya-HAHN ya-HAHN ah-0! rah-STAH
hin-doo-stah-NEE-may gho-RAH usp-a-TAHL mooj-HAY usp-a-TAHL KO lay chul-ee-YAY
ga-RUM
ga-RUM pah-NEE
HO-tul sa-RAH_ee
HO-tul ka-HAHN HA? sa-RAH_ee ka-HAHN HA?
GHUR
AHP “table” ko hin-doo-stah-NEE-may K’YAH ka-ha-TAY HAN?
57
English
Pronunciation
How far is the ? kit-NEE DOOR HA?
How much does this cost? iss-KAY K’YAH DAHM HA?
hundred SAW
hungry I am hungry MAN bhook-HAH HOON
We are hungry HUM bhook-HAY HAN
I MAN
I am MAN HOON
I don’t have MAY-ray PAHSS na-HEEN HA
I have MAY-ray PAHSS HA
I want . MAN CHAH-hut-ah HOON or mooj-HAY chah-hee- YAY
ink sec-yah-HEE
iodine ah-yo-DEEN
58
WHICH IS WHICH?
FRUIT
KNIFE
GLASS
HANDKERCHIEF
INK
HOUSE
EGG
(Answers in Word List.)
1. see-yah-HEE
2. PHUL
3. ROO-mahl
4. UN-dah
5. gee-LAHSS
6. chhoo-REE
7. GHUR
English
Pronunciation
is
He is WO HA
Is it ? K’YAH YAY HA?
it YAY
It is YAY HA
It is not YAY na-HEEN HA
It is very or It is too YAY ba-HOOT HA
knife know K chhoo-REE
I don’t know MAN na-HEEN JAHN-tah HOON
large laundry I want to have my laundry washed L ba-RAH MAN dhoo-LAH-nah CHAH-hut-ah HOON
60
English
laundryman
laxative
leave
At what time does the train leave?
left
Turn icii
lemons
lost
I am lost
We are lost
main street
mangoes many or much
map
Draw me a map
Pronunciation
dho-BEE
joo-LAHB
rayl-gah-REE KA
ba-J AY jah-TEE HA?
BAH.een haht.h
GHOO-mo
nee-BOO
MAN KHO-ga-yah HOON
HUM KHO-ga-? H AV
M
KHAHSS SUR-uk
AHM
ba-HOOT
NUK-shah
MAY-ray lec-YAY NUK-shah bun-ah-ec-YAY
61
English Pronunciation
market place bah-JAHR
mattress gud-DEE
maybe shah-YUD
meat GOASHT
mechanic kah-REE-gur
meet
Pleased to meet you MAN AHP-say MIL-nay MAN KHOOSH HOON
mile MEEL
milk DOODH
minute MIN-ut
Wait a minute AYK MIN-ut t.ha-ha-RO!
Monday SOAM-wahr
money roo-pee-YAH or PASS-ah
English Pronunciation
mosquito net much-CHHUR dah-NEE
movie SIN-em-ah
At what time does the movie start? SIN-em-ah KA ba-TAY shoo-ROO ho-TAH HA?
much or many ba-HOOT N
name NAHM
My name is John MAY-rah- NAHM “John” HA
What is your name ? AHP kah NAHM K’YAH HA?
near nuj-DEEK
Is it near? nuj-DEEK HA K’YAH?
nearest town nuj-DEEK buss-TEE
needle soo-EE
nine NAW
nineteen oon-NEESS
ninety NUB-bay
no na-HEEN
63
WHICH IS WHICH?
PLATE
PENCIL
1. ka-LUM
2. PAYN-sul
3. soo-EE
4. SUR-uk
5. kah-GUJ
6. THAH-lee
7. GOASHT
(Answers in Word List.)
English Pronunciation
north ut-TUR
Which way is north? ut-TUR kid-HUR HA? O
one AYK
onions pee-YAH J
oranges SUNT-ur-ah P
paper kah-GUJ
peas mut-TUR
pen pencil ka-LUM PAYN-sul
pepper pillow pipe plate Please MEER-chah TUK-ee-yah PAH.eep THAH-lee may-hayr-bah-NEE
Pleased to meet you MAN AHP-say MIL-nay MAN KHOOSH HOON
point Please point ish-ah-RAY say but-TAH dee-jee-YAY
65
English
policeman police station
porter post office potatoes
quarter of
quarter of nine
quarter past
quarter past five
Quickly!
Come quickly!
Go quickly!
railroad
railroad station
Where is a railroad station?
Pronunciation
sip-ah-HEE THAH-nah koo-LEE DAHK-khah-nah AH-loo
Q
paw-NAY
paw-NAY NAW ba-JEE HAN
sa-WAH
sd-WAH PAHNCH ba-JEE HAN
jul-DEE!
jul-DEE ah-O!
jul-DEE jah-O!
R
RAYL
“railway station”
“railway station” ka-HAHN HA?
66
raincoat
±azor razor blades
rest
I want to rest
restaurant
Where is a restaurant?
reward
I will reward you rice
bur-sah-TEE OOST-ur-ah chho-TAH OOST-ur-ah
MAN ah-RAHM KUR-nah CHAH-hut-ah HOON
REST-o-rahn
REST-o-rahn ka-HAHN HA?
MAN in-AHM doon-GAH CHAH-wul
67
Pronunciation
English
right
Turn right!
Right away! river road or street
Which is the road to_____?
room
salad
salt
Saturday
seat
Have a seat
servant
settlement
Where is the nearest settlement?
seven
dah-hin-NAY haht.h GHOO-mo!
jul-DEE!
na-DEE
SUR-uk
— kee SUR-uk KAWN HA?
KUM-rah
s
sa-LAHT
no-MUK
sa-NEE-chur
BAT.H jah-ee-YAY
NAW-kur
GAH-oan
nuj-DEEK GAH-oan ka-HAHN HA?
SAHT
68
English Pronunciation
seventeen SUT-ra
seventy shave SUT-tur
I want to get shaved MAN DAH-ree ba-NAH-nah CHAH-hut-ah HOON
shaving brush ha-JAH-mut kah bur-RUSH
sheet chud-DUR
shirt KOOR-tah
shoelaces JOO-tay kah TUSH-mah
shoemaker mo-CHHEE
shoe polish JOO-tay kah see-ah-HEE
shoes JOO-tay
sick bee-MAHR
I am sick MAN bee-MAHR HOON
We are sick HUM bee-MAHR HAN
six CHHA
sixteen SO-lo
sixty SAHT.H
69
English
Pronunciation
sleep
I want to sleep
slowly
Please speak slowly
small
soap
soldiers
Where are the American soldiers ?
Where are the soldiers?
soup
MAN SO-nah CHAH-hut-ah HOON
DHEE-ray say bo-LEE-yay
chho-TAH
sah-BOON sip-ah-HEE a-MAY-rik-un sip-ah-HEE ka-HAHN HAN?
sip-ah-HEE ka-HAHN HAN?
SHO-roo-bah
English Pronunciation
speak Please speak slowly DHEE-ray say bo-LEE-yay
spinach PAH-luk
spoon spring (0/ water) start chum-CHAH CHUCH-ma
At what time does the movie start? station SIN-em-ah KA ba-JAY shoo-ROO ho-TAH HA?
police station railroad station THAH-nah “railway station”
steak STAYK
Stop! t.ha-ha-RO!
store doo-KAHN
straight ahead street or road seed-HAY SUR-uk
main street KHAHSS SUR-uk
streetcar TRAHM
sugar chee-NEE
Sunday AYT-wahr
71
English
Pronunciation
tailor
take
Take cover!
Take me there
Take me to a doctor
Take me to the hospital
tangerines
tea
telegraph office
telephone
ten
Thank you
there
Take me there
they
They are ______
T
dur-JEE
CHHOOP jah-O!
mooj-HAY wa-HAHN
LAY chul-ee-YAY mooj-HAY DAHK-tur kay
PAHSS lay chul-ee-YAY mooj-HAY usp-a-TAHL
KO lay chul-ee-YAY
N AH-rung-gee
CHAH_ee
TAHRG-hur tel-ee-FOAN DUSS
SHOOK-ree-yah wa-HAHN mooj-HAY wa-HAHN
LAY chul-ee-YAY
WAY
WAY _ HAN
72
English think
I don’t think so
I think so thirsty
I am thirsty
We are thirsty thirteen thirty thousand thread \ three Thursday time
What time is it ?
At what time does the train leave?
tired
I am tired
Pronunciation
MAN a-SAH na-HEEN SOACH-tah HOON
MAN a-SAH SOACH-tah HOON
MAN p’yah-SAH HOON HUM p’yah-SAY HAN TAY-ra
TEESS ha-ZAHR tah-GAH
TEEN joo-ma-RAHT
K’YAH ba-JEE HAN?
rayl-gah-REE KA ba-JAY jah-TEE HA?
MAN THUK-ga-vah HOON
73
English Pronunciation
We are tired HUM THUK-ga-ay HAN
tobacco tum-BAH-koo
today toilet AHJ tut-TEEG-hur
Where is a toilet? tut-TEEG-hur ka-HAHN HA?
tomorrow KUL
toothbrush tooth powder DAHNT kah bur-RUSH DAHNT kah mun-JUN
towel TAW-lee-yah
town buss-TEE
nearest town nuj-DEEK buss-TEE
Where is the nearest town ? nuj-DEEK buss-TEE ka-HAHN HA?
train rayl-gah-REE
At what time does the train leave ? rayl-gah-RUE KA ba-JAY j ah-TEE HA?
Tuesday MUNG-gul
turn
Turn right! dah-hin-NAY haht.h GHOO-mo!
74
English Pronunciation
Turn left I BAH.een haht.h GHOO-mo!
twelve BAH-ra
twenty BEESS
two DO U
undershirt UNG-gee-yah
undershorts understand JUNG-hee-yah
Do you understand me? AHP mooj-HAY sum-ujh-tay HAN?
I don’t understand MAN na-HEEN sum-ujh-TAH
underwear NEE-chay kay kup-RAY V
vegetables SAHG
- W
Wait a minute! AYK MIN-ut t.ha-ha-RO!
75
English
Pronunciation
want
I want MAN CHAH-hut-ah HOON or mooj-HAY chah-hee- YAY
We want HUM CHAH-hut-ay HAN
wash
I want to wash up MAN DHO-nah CHAH-hut-ah HOON
Watch out! khub-ur-DAHR!
water pah-NEE
boiled water oo-bah-LAH hoo-AH pah-NEE
drinking water hot water PEE-nay kah pah-NEE ga-RUM pah-NEE
watermelon turb-HOOJ
we HUM
We are HUM HAN
We don’t have a-MAY-ray PAHSS na-HEEN HA
We have a-MAH-ray PAHSS HA
76
English
Pronunciation
We want____
Wednesday well
I am well
HUM___CHAH-hut-ay
HAN
BOQDH
MAN uch-CHHAH HOON
WATER
WHICH IS WHICH?
PIPE
SALT
1. PAH.eep
2. CHAH„ee
3. chum-CHAH
4. tah-GAH
5. pah-NEE
6. ' JOO-tay
7. na-MUK
(Answers in Word List.)
English Pronunciation
We are w.ell HUM uch-CHHAY HAN
well (.for water) what KOO-ahn K’YAH
What’s that? WO K’YAH HA?
What time is it? where K’YAH ba-JEE HAN?
Where are the American soldiers ? a-MAY-rik-un sip-ah-HEE ka-HAHN HAN?
Where can I get ? MAN ka-HAHN PAH suk-TAH HOON?
Where is it? ka-HAHN HA?
Where is a ? or Where is the ? ka-HAHN HA?
which
Which is the road to ? kee SUR-uk KAWN HA?
Which way is north? wine ut-TUR kid-HUR HA? sha-RAHB
workman muj-DOOR
wounded jukh-MEE
I am wounded MAN jukh-MEE HOON
We are wounded HUM jukh-MEE HAN
79
English
Pronunciation
yams
yes
you
Are you----?
Do you have____?
Y
shuk-ur-KUND
HAHN
AHP
K’YAH AHP____HAN?
K’YAH AHP-kay
PAHSS___HA?
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