[Storage and Shipment of Dangerous Chemicals]
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Document Reserve
WAR DEPARTMENT
TECHNICAL MANUAL
STORAGE AND SHIPMENT OF DANGEROUS CHEMICALS
NON-CIRCULATING
NTSU LIBRARY

TM 3-230

tcfl.35: 3-^0^
--------------------■■ ■■'"■"	1	........... TM 3-250
C 1
TECHNICAL MANUAL
STORAGE AND SHIPMENT OF DANGEROUS CHEMICALS
Changes I	WAR DEPARTMENT,
No. 1 j	Washington 25, D. C., 14 October 1943.
TM 3-250, 5 December 1940, is changed as follows:
Symbols for certain war gases as referred to in this manual are changed as follows. These symbols will be corrected wherever they occur in the manual.
Symbol
War gas	old	New
Mustard gas_______________________________HS	H
Brombenzylcyanide_________________________CA	BBC
[A. G. 300.7 (2 Oct 43).] (C 1, 14 Oct 43.)
By order of the Secretary of War :
G. C. MARSHALL,
Chief of Staff.
Official :
J. A. ULIO,
Major General,
The Adjutant General.
556333°—43
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1943
TM 3-250
*C 2
TECHNICAL MANUAL
STORAGE AND SHIPMENT OF DANGEROUS CHEMICALS
Changes |	WAR DEPARTMENT,
No. 2 |	Washington 25, D. C., 20 March 1944.
TM 3-250, 5 December 1940, is changed as follows:
22.	Chemicals.
* * * * * * *
g. Magnesium (powder).
* * * * * * ~ *
(2) Storage (Superseded).—Magnesium powder should be stored in tightly closed metal or metal-lined containers. Magnesium is easily ignited and burns with an intense white light. The powder in the air explodes by spark. The powder liberates hydrogen (a very inflammable and explosive gas) when in contact with water, so care should be taken to keep it away from water and moisture. This powder is a serious fire hazard and great care should be taken to keep it from becoming ignited. It should not be stored near easily combustible material. Neither water nor any automatic fire extinguisher should be used for extinguishing magnesium-powder fires. These fires should be extinguished by covering with dry sand or other inert material. (Smothering materials should be applied gently to avoid scattering the molten magnesium.)
*******
[A. G. 300.7 (12 Feb 44).]
By order of the Secretary of War:
G. C. MARSHALL,
Chief of Staff.
Official :
J. A. ULIO,
Major General,
The Adjutant General.
♦These changes supersede Section I, Training Circular No. 37. War Department, 1941.
579568°—44
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 194*
lul (• 3S * 3 —
^3-250
C~3
UI.3C-. 3-2Si>/CJ,.3
TECHNICAL MANUAL
STORAGE AND SHIPMENT OF DANGEROUS CHEMICALS
Changes i	WAR DEPARTMENT,
No. 3 |	Washington 25, D. C., 2 January 1945.
TM 3-250, 5 December 1940, is changed as follows:
35. Chemicals.
a. Anhydrous ammonia.
(2) Storage (Superseded).—Anhydrous ammonia should be stored in steel cylinders. It is not a fire hazard in storage but becomes a hazard in the presence of fires. In combustible buildings or if near combustibles, sprinkler protection for storage is recommended. Containers should conform to Interstate Commerce Commission specifications for shipping containers as noted in (4) below. Precautions should be taken to safeguard against mechanical injury and excessive heating of cylinders. Ammonia forms explosive mixtures in dry air in concentrations of between 16 and 26.8 percent by volume, but ammonia does not form explosive mixtures with air in the presence of substantial quantities of water vapor. Anhydrous ammonia is very soluble in water, and hose streams are comparatively effective in removing the gas from the atmosphere. Ammonia in a concentration of % to 1 percent for a period of % hour is considered lethal and, at the least, produces serious injury. In storage, the gas should be isolated from other chemicals, particularly chlorine, bromine, iodine, and mineral acids.
[AG 300.7 (1 Nov 44)]
By order of the Secretary of War :
Official:	G. C. MARSHALL
J. A. ULIO	Chief of Staff
Major General
The Adjutant General
Distribution :
AAF (10); AGE (10); ASF (2) ; Dept (10) ; AAF C (3); Arm & Sv Bd (2) ; S Div ASF (1); Tech Sv (2) ; Sv C (10) ; PC&S (1) ; GH (3); M Cone C (3) ; Gen & Sp Sv Sch (10) ; USMA (2); ROTC (1); A (10); CHQ (10); D (3); B (3); R (3) except R 3 (10) ; S Bn 3 (3) ; Bn 3 (3); C 3 (3) ; AF (3); W (3); G (3); F 3 (3)
For explanation of symbols, see FM 21-6.
AGO 523C 610603°—45
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE; !»4B
*TM 3-250
1-2
TECHNICAL MANUAL No. 3-250
WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, December 5, 1940.
STORAGE AND SHIPMENT OF DANGEROUS CHEMICALS
Prepared under direction of the Chief of the Chemical Warfare Service
Paragraphs
Section I.	General_________________________________________ 1-3
II.	Explosives______________________________________ 4—9
III.	Inflammable liquids____________________________10-16
IV.	Inflammable solids and	oxidizing materials_____17-22
V.	Corrosive liquids_______________________________23-29
VI.	Compressed gases________________________________30-35
VII.	Toxic chemicals_________________________________36-41
VIII.	Semihazardous chemicals________________________42-43
IX.	Unclassified chemicals__________________________44—45
Page
Appendix. Properties of flammable liquids, gases, and solids—	109
Index_____________________________________________________ 123
Section I
GENERAL
Paragraph Purpose_____________________________________________________ i
Classification_____________________________________________ _	2
References________________________________________________ g
1.	Purpose.—The purpose of this manual is to present for the guidance of property officers instructions for storing, handling, packing, shipping, and surveillance of all classes of chemicals stored and used by the Chemical Warfare Service.
2.	Classification.—The chemicals stored by the Chemical Warfare Service are usually grouped in four classes: class I, chemicals; class II, gases; class III, smokes; and class IV, incendiaries. This classification has not been employed in this manual, however, since the problems involved in the storage and shipping of chemicals can be more readily presented by grouping chemicals according to their hazardous nature based on the classification employed by the Interstate Commerce Commission in their regulations for the transporta-
*This pamphlet supersedes Chemical Warfare Field Service Bulletin No. 1, June 15, 1931, and Chemical Warfare Service Circular No. 3, June 2, 1931.
274514°—40---1
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2-3	CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE
tion of explosives and other dangerous articles. For the purpose of this manual, chemicals have therefore been divided into the following classes: explosives, inflammable liquids, inflammable solids, oxidizing materials, corrosive liquids, compressed gases, toxic chemicals, semihazardous chemicals, and unclassified chemicals. In presenting regulations for each of these classes, there will first be given general information concerning storing, handling, packing, shipping, and surveillance, followed by detailed information concerning each chemical.
3.	References.—Property officers should be familiar with the following publications and, if possible, should always have them available for reference:
a.	Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations for Transportation by Rail of Explosives and Other Dangerous Articles in Freight, Express, and Baggage Services, Including Specifications for Shipping Containers, Revised.
(1)	All regulations in regard to packing and shipping contained herein have been taken from the Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations and since these regulations are constantly being changed and revised, every property officer should see that he is supplied with all changes as soon as they are authorized by the Interstate Commerce Commission.
(2)	The Interstate Commerce Commission publishes only a limited number of copies of its regulations, the main supply being published by the Bureau of Explosives which cooperates with the Interstate Commerce Commission in their preparation.
(3)	Regulations are ordinarily prepared by the Bureau of Explosives after consultation with shippers and others interested and then submitted to the Interstate Commerce Commission for approval and publication. These regulations and the act of March 4, 1921, place upon the shipper of a dangerous article the duty of properly preparing a shipment for transportation, knowing its characteristics, and instructing his employees in the requirements of the regulations and securing compliance therewith. If a shipper has no knowledge of the dangerous characteristics of the material which he desires to ship, he should confer with the Bureau of Explosives and, if necessary, submit a sample for examination and report. Copies of these regulations may be obtained under various plans on application to the Bureau of Explosives, 30 Vesey Street, New York, N. Y. These regulations are amended periodically as new data are obtained and such amendments are described in supplements issued from time to time by the Bureau of Explosives,
2
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STORAGE AND SHIPMENT OF DANGEROUS CHEMICALS 3
b.	Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, Part b, Regulations for Transportation of Explosives and Other Dangerous Articles on Freight and Freight-Passenger Vessels by Water, as amended.
c.	AR 30-1270, Transportation by Water of Explosives and Tnflam-mables and Chemical Warfare Materials. When any chemicals are to be shipped by water, reference should be made to these regulations and to the publication given in b above. The regulations in this manual cover only shipment by rail.
d.	Handbook of Fire Protection, Eighth Edition, 1935, Crosby, Fiske, and Forster. Chapter 7, “Flammable Liquids,” presents the solution of storage and handling problems of these materials, with methods of preventing and extinguishing fires caused thereby. This handbook is published by the National Fire Protection Association, Boston, Mass.
e.	Consolidated Freight Classification. This publication is issued by the railroads and gives regulations for all materials not covered by Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations. It is always advisable, therefore, to consult these regulations in connection with the packing and shipping of chemicals not covered by Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations in order that all requirements of the railroads may be complied with.
/. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, second edition. Published by the Chemical Catalog Co. (Inc.), New York City. This dictionary gives reliable and explicit interpretations of rulings on the storing, packing, and shipping of a large number of chemicals and raw materials, and is very useful for reference purposes. The information given in regard to packing and shipping was furnished by the chief chemist of the Bureau of Explosives.
g.	Ordnance Safety Manual, No. 7224. This manual prescribes safety and other necessary regulations for storing, handling, shipping, maintenance, surveillance, salvage, and destruction of military explosives and ammunition at ordnance establishments.
Section II
EXPLOSIVES
Paragraph
General_____________________________________________________________________ 4
Classification______________________________________________________________ 5
Storage and handling_________________________________________________._____ 6
Packing and shipping________________________________________________________ 7
Surveillance________________________________________________________________ 8
Chemicals_________________________________________________________________   9
3
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CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE
4. General.—Only very general statements will be given for storing, handling, packing, shipping, and surveillance for each explosive, since all the necessary regulations for explosives are contained in Ordnance Safety Manual, No. 7224, to which reference should be made for details concerning regulations in regard to explosives.
5. Classification.—Explosives are classified as forbidden and acceptable explosives. Forbidden explosives include such explosives as liquid nitroglycerin and fulminate of mercury in a dry condition except as a component of manufactured articles. There are three classes of acceptable explosives:
a. Class A—dangerous explosives {detonating or otherwise, of maximum hazard).—High explosives belong to Class A, and for the purpose of Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, are all explosives more powerful than low explosives or ordinary black powder, except smokeless powders and fulminates. Their distinguishing characteristic is their susceptibility to detonation by a blasting cap. Examples of high explosives are dynamite, picric acid, picrates, chlorate powders, nitrate of ammonia powders, trinitrotoluene, dry nitrocellulose (guncotton and negative cotton), dry nitrostarch, and fireworks that can be exploded en masse.
(1) Picric acid, dry, in quantity not exceeding 4 ounces in one outside package, may be shipped as drugs or medicines, without other restrictions when in securely closed glass bottles properly cushioned to prevent breakage. Picric acid, wet with not less than 10 percent water, in quantity not exceeding 16 ounces in one outside package, may be shipped as drugs or medicines without other restrictions when in glass bottles securely stoppered with rubber or paraffined cork stoppers tied in place, each bottle inclosed in a strong fiber carton properly cushioned in the outside shipping case.
(2) Black powders and low explosives which are general names used to describe all explosives similar in composition or characteristics to ordinary black powder and which can not be detonated by a commercial blasting cap are class A explosives.
b. Class B—less dangerous explosives {infla/yn/mable hazard).— Smokeless powders are propellant explosives from which there is little or no smoke when fired. They include smokeless powder for cannon and smokeless powder for small arms. Smokeless powder for cannon used in the United States at the present time consists of a nitrocellulose colloid and is comparatively safe to handle and transport. Smokeless powders for small arms may consist of nitrocellulose or nitrocellulose combined with nitroglycerin. So-called smokeless powders which are composed of picrate or chlorate mix
4
TM 3-250
STORAGE AND SHIPMENT OF DANGEROUS CHEMICALS 5-9
tures are classed as high explosives. Fire-extinguisher charges containing not to exceed 50 grains of smokeless powder per unit are exempt from these regulations.
c. Class C—relatively safe explosives {minimum- hazard}.—Smallarms ammunition, such as used in sporting or fowling pieces, in rifle or pistol practice, or in protection of life or property, etc., consists usually of a paper or metallic shell, the primer, and the powder charge, with or without shot or bullet or tear gas material, the materials necessary for one firing being all in one piece.
6.	Storage and handling.—Reference should be made to Ordnance Safety Manual No. 7224 for details concerning storing and handling.
7.	Packing and shipping.—Packing and shipping regulations which are given for both shipments by freight and express are found in Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, Revised. These regulations are constantly being revised and changed, so that every property officer should make arrangements to receive these changes as soon as possible after they are published and make the necessary revisions herein. Regulations for shipments by baggage services or by water are not covered in this manual. For shipment by baggage services, reference should be made to Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, and for shipment by water to AR 30-1270.
8.	Surveillance.—For surveillance of explosives, reference should be made to Ordnance Safety Manual, No. 7224.
9.	Chemicals.
a.	Picric acid.
(1)	Specification.—United States Army, No. 50-13-2.
(2)	Storage.—Picric acid may be stored in a dry condition and in a wet condition. The storage of dry picric acid is more hazardous than that of wet picric acid.
{a} Dry picric acid.—The rules governing the storage of dry picric acid are the same as those of black powder, dynamite, and dry guncotton. In the storage of dry picric acid, it must be remembered that it is particularly sensitive to flame or spark. Workmen when working in the magazine or handling dry picric acid must not carry matches or automatic lighters. They must not smoke, and must wear powder soled shoes (rubber soled). (See Z>(31) below.) All open flames and lights must be kept away. It is necessary that all dust accumulating from dry picric acid be carefuly removed from any point in or around the buildings, conveyors, or cars. When it becomes necessary to open a box or container of dry picric acid, it should be done with a wooden wedge and mallet at least 100 feet from the nearest magazine and in a
5
TM 3-250
9
CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE
place protected from rain or direct sunlight. Metal tools of any description must not be used. If it becomes necessary to repair a magazine, all explosives should be removed to a safe distance before work is started. In making repairs in the magazine, nonsparking tools must be used. No other high explosive should be stored in the same building with dry picric acid. The kegs may be placed in the magazine either on their ends or sides. The storage magazine should be dry and well-ventilated.
(&) Wet picric acid.—The rules governing the storage of wet picric acid, which is less hazardous than dry picric acid, are the same as those for TNT and ammonium picrate. Cleanliness both within and without the magazine is essential and the same rules regarding matches, lights, etc., must be observed. The containers used for picric acid should be wooden kegs or boxes free from metal nails and screws. Iron barrels with special linings are sometimes used but are not recommended. It is very essential that picric acid be kept out of contact with metals or metallic oxides as it forms compounds with them called picrates, which are violently explosive and are very sensitive to percussion.
(3)	Handling.—Picric acid is a weak poison, the chief danger in connection with its use probably being the fumes given off from the molten explosive used in shell loading. Practically no trouble from poisoning results in the manufacture and handling of picric; care must be taken, however, to avoid breathing of the large amounts of picric acid dust that may arise in screening and packing dry picric acid.
(4)	Regulations governing surveillance.—Picric acid is manufactured and stored in small quantities only, except in an emergency. Therefore, special regulations governing its surveillance will not be included herein but can be obtained from the Chief of Ordnance when required.
(5)	Packing and shipping.—For freight packing and shipping requirements, reference should be made to Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 33, 57, 59, 60(ft), 61, and 86 to 101.
b.	Powder meal (Army black powder).
(1)	Specification.—United States Army No. 50-14^1.
(2)	Storage.—The standard container for Army black powder is a commercial metal drum of 25 pounds capacity complying with Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations. There may also be in storage some black powder packed in metal containers of 50 pounds capacity and in metal-lined smokeless powder boxes of 110 pounds capacity. Containers should be stored with the bungs down. When stored on the side, the longitudinal seam should be down. In storage
6
TM 3-250
STORAGE AND SHIPMENT OF DANGEROUS CHEMICALS 9
black powder containers are subject to sweating with resultant rusting of the metal drum or keg; for this reason thorough ventilation is required. The principal maintenance activities are the repainting of containers and the repacking of black powder contained in damaged or unserviceable containers. Army black powder is particularly dangerous in storage and all rules and regulations should be strictly observed.
(3)	Handling.—Black powder is regarded as one of the worst known explosive hazards. Most explosions originate from sparks and the following safety rules will be strictly obeyed:
(a) A container will never be opened in a magazine in which other explosives or ammunition are stored. This must be done in a room or building free from all other explosives and ammunition or in suitable weather in the open at least 100 feet from the magazine.
(Z>) Tools and equipment made of or fitted with metals which may cause sparks will not be used in opening or closing containers or in handling black powder.
(c) Safety shoes (shoes without exposed metal nails and plates) will always be worn and if the building or room in which black powder is being handled has a concrete floor, it will be covered with a tarpaulin or other suitable material. No person will be permitted to enter a magazine or room in which black powder is stored or handled unless he wears safety shoes. Rubbers or rubber-soled overshoes should be located just inside magazine doors so that persons entering the magazine will not be tempted to violate the above safety rule. Special conditions require special footgear. No general type of footgear can be universally used as a powder-handling safety shoe. Where there is fine explosive dust, as in a smokeless powder blender or in a black powder loading plant, and where there is danger of igniting explosive vapor by static electricity, as in the graining room of a smokeless powder factory, personnel must not be insulated from the floor. Hence, footgear with rubber soles is forbidden. Other footgear with leather soles containing no exposed steel or iron must be worn. In the case of picric acid, the footgear should have no exposed metal of any kind. Where there is danger of explosion as the result of shock or friction, as in a room or building where mercury fulminate or lead azide or primer mixtures incorporating these is being handled, footgear with rubber soles, except arctics, must be worn. Arctics will not be worn.
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TM 3-250
STORAGE AND SHIPMENT 'OF DANGEROUS CHEMICALS	9
108, and 117 to 121. The shipment of this explosive by express is forbidden.
(5)	Regulations governing surveillance.—The surveillance of .30 caliber smokeless powder is covered in Ordnance Safety Manual No. 7224.
d.	Powder, Ift-inch, smokeless.
(1)	Storage.—The present standard smokeless powder container is of 110-pound capacity. Two types are in use. The newer type is the zinc-coated all steel container used for the storage of powder which does not contain nitroglycerine and which has a web greater than .019 inch. For other types of smokeless powder, a zinc-lined wooden storage container is used. The temperature of storage magazines should not exceed 38° C. (100° F.). It is believed that sudden and extreme changes in temperature injuriously affect stability. All smokeless powders must be kept under strict surveillance while in storage. Figure 1 shows a recommended method of piling bulk smokeless powder in boxes. This method must be followed when new stock is received or existing stock is repiled. Smokeless powder magazines should be dry and the ground around them should be well-drained. They should have a minimum variation in temperature and a free circulation of cool dry air.
(2)	Handling.—The hazard of unconfined smokeless powder is primarily one of fire. Fires involving smokeless powder in large quantities are dangerous to personnel due to the intense heat generated. Fires involving large quantities of bulk powder in boxes may result in low-order explosions of the individual containers and a consequent scattering of the burning mass. Fires involving propelling charges in cartridge storage cases are less easily ignited but result in more violent explosions of the individual containers. Powder containers or hoppers of the powder which have become ignited cannot be extinguished by drenching, but the spread of the fire can be materially checked. General safety regulations, rules for employees and workmen, safety signs and placards, first aid, etc., will be found in Ordnance Safety Manual No. 7224.
(3)	Packing and shipping.—For freight packing and shipping of 12-inch smokeless powder, reference should be made to Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 33, 103 to 105, and 117 to 121. The shipment of 12-inch smokeless powder by express is forbidden.
(4)	Regulations governing surveillance.—The surveillance of 12-inch smokeless powder is covered in Ordnance Safety Manual No. 7224.
9
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'CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE
e.	Trinitrotoluene (TNT).
(1)	Specification.—-United States Army, No. 50-13-5.
(2)	Storage.—TNT is a high explosive. The standard containers are boxes 1.85 by 1.27 by 1.08 feet; net weight 100 pounds, gross weight 116 pounds. Delivery of TNT is also made in 50-pound boxes for greater ease in handling. The boxes must be lined with a seamless wax paper. TNT containers will be stored with the top side up to prevent the explosive from sifting from the container. Figure 2 shows the recommended method of piling TNT in standard containers, and will be followed when new stocks are received or existing stocks are repiled. See Ordnance Safety Manual No. 7224 for regulations for maintenance of TNT in storage.
(3)	Handling.—It is desirable that safety shoes be worn when handling, storing, and shipping TNT in boxes. (See b (3) above.) Safety shoes will be worn in the repacking room or building, or whenever loose TNT is being handled. Boxes will be opened and repaired with nonsparking tools. A container will never be opened in a magazine in which explosives or ammunition are stored. General safety regulations, rules for employees and workmen, safety signs and placards, first aid, etc., will be found in Ordnance Safety Manual No. 7224.
(4)	Packi/ng and shipping.—For freight packing and shipping, reference should be made to Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 33, 57, 59, 60 (Z>), 61, and 87 to 101. The shipment of TNT by express is forbidden.
(5)	Regulations governing surveillance.—TNT is very stable in storage, but the containers in which it is packed are subject to deterioration. Magazines and containers in which TNT is stored will be inspected for deterioration at least once each year. If the containers should show signs of deterioration, one or more boxes will be removed from the magazine and the contents carefully examined. If there is any doubt as to the serviceability of the material, the Chief of Ordnance will be notified so that tests can be made. Periodic chemical and physical tests of selected lots are made at Picatinny Arsenal and instructions will be furnished by the Chief of Ordnance for sampling. (See Ordnance Safety Manual No. 7224.)
10
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274514°—40 (Face p. 10)
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TM 3-250
STORAGE AND SHIPMENT OF DANGEROUS CHEMICALS 10-14
Section III
INFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
Paragraph
General____________________________________________________________ 10
Definition--------------------------------------------------------- 11
Classification_____________________________________________________ 12
Storage and handling----------------------------------------------- 13
Packing and shipping----------------------------------------------- 14
Surveillance------------------------------------------------------- 15
Chemicals__________________________________________________________ 16
10.	General.—Regulations for storing, handling, packing, shipping, and surveillance will be given for each individual material in most cases. There are, however, certain general practices and regulations which apply to practically all inflammable liquids.
11.	Definition.—An inflammable liquid is any liquid which gives off inflammable vapors as determined by flash point from Tagliabue’s open-cup tester, as used for test of burning oils) at or below a temperature of 80° F.
12.	Classification.—A list of well-known dangerous inflammable liquids is given in Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraph 228. The list also shows the names of “doubtful articles” which may or may not be classified as dangerous depending upon their flash point. When the flash point is 80° F. or below, these articles must be packed, marked, certified, labeled, and described in accordance with requirements as set up in the Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations for inflammable liquids. When flash point is above 80° F., shipments of these articles are not subject to these regulations.
13.	Storage and handling.—Regulations for storage and handling are given for each material separately.
14.	Packing and shipping.—Packing and shipping regulations which are given for both shipments by freight and express are found in Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, Revised. These regulations are constantly being revised and changed, so that every property officer should make arrangements to receive these changes as soon as possible after they are published and make the necessary revisions in this manual. Regulations for shipments by baggage services or by water are not covered herein. For shipment by baggage services, reference should be made to Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations and for shipment by water, to AR 30-1270.
a. Freight shipments.—The following paragraphs which are taken from Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations apply to many inflammable liquids when shipped by freight. Exceptions to the re
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quirements in these paragraphs are noted under each material. In cases of inflammable liquids not listed in this manual, reference should be made to Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
229. The following articles are exempt from these regulations:
(&) Inflammable liquids, except carbon bisulphide and casinghead gasoline (natural gasoline), in inside containers of not over 8 ounces capacity each.
231. Containers must riot be entirely filled. Sufficient interior space must be left vacant to prevent leakage or distortion of containers due to the expansion of the contents from increase of temperature during transit.
In packages containing alcohol, cologne spirits, high wines, or other distilled spirits of 150 proof or over, the vacant interior space must be the maximum permitted by the United States Internal Revenue Regulations.
The proper vacant space (outage) in a tank car or other shipping container depends on the coefficient of expansion of the liquid and the maximum increase of temperature to which it will be subjected in transit. Outage must be calculated to the total capacity of the container.
INFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS MUST NOT BE LOADED INTO DOMES OF TANK CARS
234. (a) Inside containers containing 1 quart or more of an inflammable liquid must be packed with their filling holes up and the top of the outside package must be plainly marked “This side up.”
(&) Closing and cushioning.—All containers must be tightly and securely closed. Inside containers must be cushioned as prescribed, or in any case when necessary to prevent breakage or leakage.
260.	All packages containing inflammable liquids must be conspicuously labeled by the shipper, except as follows:
(a) When exempted by paragraphs 229 and 263. Packages exempted by paragraph 263 must, however, be plainly marked “No label required.”
(ft) On packages in carload shipments to be unloaded by the consignee. When it is known that subsequent shipments of these packages in less-than-carload quantities will probably be made by the consignee, the original shipper should attach labels to the packages or mark them “No label required” as would be required for less-than-carload shipments.
261.	When dangerous articles requiring the red label are shipped in the same outside package with dangerous articles requiring the yellow or white corrosive liquid labels, the outside package must be labeled with red label only.
262.	(a) Shippers must furnish and attach the labels prescribed for their packages. Labels should be applied to that part of the package bearing consignee’s name and address.
(l>) Labels must not be applied to packages containing articles which are not subject to these regulations nor to packages which are exempted from labels by paragraphs 229 and 263.
(c) Shippers must not use labels which by their size, shape, and color, may readily be confused with the standard caution labels prescribed herein.
(), 231 to 238, and 260 to 266; for express shipments, in paragraphs 14, 125(£), and 127 to 131.
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b.	Bakelite varnish.
(1)	Specification.—Commercial.
(2)	Storage.—Bakelite varnish may be stored in drums or cans. These varnishes do not keep indefinitely but have a tendency to jell or slightly harden upon storage at room temperature. It is best to store it in a cool place. Bakelite varnish that has been in storage for six months or more should be examined for hardening; if it has hardened, it is no longer suitable for use. Since alcohol is usually used as the solvent for this varnish, it is a dangerous fire hazard. Rooms in which it is stored should be well ventilated and all open lights or flames kept away from it.
(3)	Handling.—There are no special precautions in handling bakelite varnish except that it should be kept away from open lights and flames.
(4)	Packing and shipping.—Packing and shipping regulations for freight shipments are covered in Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 228 («), 229 (&), 231, 234, 249, and 260 to 266; for express shipments, in paragraphs 14, 115, and 127 to 131.
c.	Benzol (benzene).
(1)	Specification.—United States Army, No. 4-1016.
(2)	Storage.—Benzol may be stored in iron drums, tin cans, or iron tanks. In large quantities it is best stored in an underground reservoir connected with a gas holder as described in a (2) above. For storage in drums see a (2) above. When unloading benzol from a tank car or motor tank into a. storage tank, there must be a metal connection from the tank car outlet to the inlet of the storage tank. This is to prevent the possibility of a spark from static electrical charges from igniting the benzol. Workmen must never enter empty storage tanks or tank cars for making repairs unless the tanks have first been thoroughly cleaned out. Below is an extract of the procedure recommended by the National Fire Protection Association to be followed to free any tank from inflammable vapors before making any repairs. Until the procedure is completed, workmen should operate from the outside only through tank openings. In case of an emergency, men protected by hose-tube masks approved by the United States Bureau of Mines, or self-contained oxygen breathing apparatus, and attended by workmen outside of the tank, may enter it. The procedure follows:
(a)	The tank is first thoroughly drained of its contents.
(b)	Where steam is available, the tank should be closed, leaving suitable vents, and live steam blown into it and all pipes leading to or from the tank for a period depending upon the size of the tank
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and the size of the steam connection. The table below gives the length of time for steaming.
L = Length of compartment in feet.
B = Breadth of compartment in feet.
H = Depth of compartment in feet.
Hours steaming
Value of LXBXH (cubic feet)	1 inch	1% inches	1% inches
Not exceeding— 30,000	_			20	14	10
40,000	_ 				26	18	13
50,000	_ _ 		32	22	16
60,000	_ ___	-	38	26	19
70,000			44	30	22
			
The time of steaming is found by taking the number of hours given under the actual size of the steam connection used corresponding to the value of L X B X H or the volume in cubic feet of the compartment to be steamed. In steaming tanks, the last one-fifth of the steaming should be carried out with the tank lids opened.
(c)	Where steam is not available, the tank should be drained as previously mentioned and flooded with water with tank covers open for a period of 24 hours.
(d)	After this treatment with steam or water the tank is drained and with all tank openings opened, air is forced to circulate through the tank for a period of 2 hours.
(e)	After this treatment, the air in the tank should then be sampled and analyzed and should show not over 0.25 percent of inflammable or explosive vapors.
(/)	No open lights or flames should be allowed within 50 feet of tank openings of tanks not yet conditioned for repairing.
(g)	No person inspecting a storage tank should use naked lights. Storage battery lantern or flashlights should be used.
(A) No repairs of any kind involving the use of highly-heated materials, or tools employing open flames, or highly-heated parts should be made until the foreman obtains a signed permit from a responsible authority in charge.
(3)	Handling.—The vapors of benzol are poisonous and workmen must avoid breathing its fumes. Care should also be taken not to spill
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any of the liquid on the skin or clothing as it may cause poisoning by absorption through the skin. Workmen must not smoke when handling benzol or when working around its containers or storage tanks.
(4)	Packing and shipping.—Packing and shipping regulations for freight shipments are covered in Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 229(5), 230 to 238, and 260 to 266; for express shipments, in paragraphs 14, 125, and 127 to 131.
d.	Butyl alcohol.
(1)	Specification.—United States Army, No. 4-1071.
(2)	Storage.—Butyl alcohol may be stored in iron drums or tanks. It is a dangerous fire hazard, and rooms in which drums of it are stored should be well ventilated. All open flames must be kept away from it.
For instructions for cleaning storage tanks before repairing, see ), 231, 234, 239, and 260 to 266; for express shipments, in paragraphs 14, 112, 125, and 127 to 131.
j.	Ethylene dichloride.
(1)	Specification.—Commercial.
(2)	Storage.—Ethylene dichloride should be stored in tin cans, tin-lined steel drums, or galvanized iron drums. It is an inflammable liquid, and rooms in which drums of it are stored should be kept well ventilated.
(3)	Handling.—Care should be taken not to breathe the vapors of ethylene dichloride.
(4)	Packing and shipping.—Packing and shipping regulations for freight shipments are covered in Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 229 (Z>), 231, 234, 243, and 260 to 266; for express shipments, in paragraphs 14, 125, and 127 to 131.
k.	Oil (fuel).
(1)	Specification.—United States Navy, No. CS 12-35.
(2)	Storage.—Oil, fuel, may be stored in drums, tin cans, and above ground or under ground steel tanks. It is a dangerous fire hazard and should not be stored near any open flame or fire.
*Articles 76 to 82 (inclusive) of United States Internal Revenue Department Regulations, No. 61, provide for the withdrawal of tax-free alcohol from bonded warehouses for use of the United States, States, Territories, or municipal subdivisions thereof, or the District of Columbia. They also cover permits, reports of alcohol received and used, uses, transportation, and delivery.
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(3)	Handling.—Oil, fuel, should not be handled near any open flame or light.
(4)	Packing and shipping.—Packing and shipping regulations for freight shipments are covered in Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 228(a), 229 (Z>), 231 to 238, and 260 to 266; for express shipments, in paragraphs 14,125, and 127 to 131.
I. Oils {special inflammable}.—Inflammable materials such as benzine, carbon disulfide, gasoline, kerosene, methyl alcohol (wood alcohol), naphthalene, paraffin, etc., are sometimes used as incendiaries. The storage, handling, packing, shipping, and surveillance of the material will depend upon its individual properties. Some of these materials have been covered in detail.
(1)	Those especially hazardous to store and handle are—
{a} Benzene, carbon disulfide, and gasoline.
1.	Storage.—Steel drums or large tanks. (See c(2) above.)
2.	Handling.—(See c(3) above.)
3.	Packing and shipping.—Packing and shipping regulations are covered by Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations for inflammable liquids.
(6)	Methyl alcohol.
1.	Storage.—Iron barrels, drums, or tanks.
2.	Handling.—Methyl alcohol is poisonous. Its fumes should be avoided. The liquid should be kept from the skin and clothing. Workmen should not be allowed to smoke when working around tank cars or storage tanks containing methyl alcohol. Such cars or tanks should not be entered by workmen for purpose of making repairs until they have been thoroughly cleaned out.
3.	Packing and shipping.—Packing and shipping regulations are covered by Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations for inflammable liquids.
(2) Other materials which are inflammable but far less hazardous than those mentioned above are—
{a} Kerosene. (See par. 45) Express.—Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 167 to 170.
(6)	Surveillance.—If the containers are kept sealed so that air and moisture are excluded, barium peroxide will remain stable. The contents of packages which have been left exposed to air and moisture should be tested before using.
c.	Carbon (coconut shell).
(1)	Specification.—United States Army, No. 97-52-46.
(2)	Storage.—Coconut-shell carbon or crude char is at times a dangerous fire hazard particularly if it has not been sufficiently carbonized since it is then subject to spontaneous combustion. It should not be stored until it has been aged for at least 3 days in shallow piles freely exposed to a supply of air or by any equivalent method of securing good exposure to air. It should be stored in steel drums spaced 1 foot apart for 3 or 4 days after being put in storage and inspection should be made frequently during that period to determine if the drums become heated.
(3)	Handling.—The only precautions in handling are those necessary to prevent spontaneous combustion, before storing or shipping.
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(4)	Packing and shipping.—Regulations for packing and shipping by freight are contained in Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 285 to 294, and 325 to 331; by express, paragraphs 14, 165, 166, and 167 to 170.
d.	Celluloid.
(1) Specification.—United States Army, No. 42-1-11.
(2) Storage.—Celluloid is an extremely dangerous fire hazard and special care must be taken in its storage.
(a) Celluloid is chemically similar to smokeless powder, varying principally in the degree of nitration. It is subject to the same type of deterioration and surveillance should parallel that of smokeless powder, although the control of the volatile content is not a factor.
(&) The regulations of the National Board of Fire Underwriters recommends that quantities up to 250 pounds should be stored in steel cabinets. Separate compartments should be provided for quantities in excess of 250 pounds. The cabinet should not exceed 30 cubic feet in capacity and should be provided with suitable vents and automatic sprinklers.
(c) Vaults' should be used in storing quantities! up to 10,000 pounds. The vault must not have a capacity greater than 1,500 cubic feet and should not be located near boilers, stacks, or other sources of heat. The vault must be protected by automatic sprinklers. When heating is necessary, coils should be provided at the ceiling, protected by a wire screen at least 12 inches below pipes. Only hot-water heating shall be allowed and the temperature must not exceed 50° F. Vents to the outer air must be provided. All lights must be at the ceiling, wires must be in metal conduits, and only incandescent electric lights should be used. Lights should be equipped with keyless sockets with the switches controlling them outside of the vault.
(d) For the storage of quantities in excess of 10,000 pounds, isolated storage buildings should be used. No stove, flame, fire, or electric or similar appliances likely to produce a spark should be allowed in this building. Steam or hot-water heating may be used. If steam is used, not more than 5 pounds pressure should be allowed. Steam pipes should be protected with asbestos coverings. Only incandescent electric lights, protected where necessary against mechanical injury or vapors, should be used. The use of portable lights on extension cords is prohibited in any celluloid storage rooms. Automatic sprinklers should be provided. No smoking is allowed in these buildings.
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(3)	Handling.—The only danger in handling celluloid is its liability to ignition. Great care should be taken to keep it away from all lights, flames, sparks, or overheated areas. Smoking and carrying of matches or automatic lighters by workmen handling it should be prohibited.
(4)	Packing and shipping.—Regulations for packing and shipping celluloid (scrap) are covered in Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 280, 282, 308, and 325 to 331. Shipments by express are forbidden.
(5)	Inspection.—Frequent inspection should be given to see that conditions which might cause fires do not exist.
e. Charcoal {activated}.
(1)	Specification.—Chemical Warfare Service, No. 197-52—12.
(2)	Storage.—Activated charcoal should be stored in iron drums with tightly fitting heads. The drums should be stored in a dry place.
(3)	Handling.—There are no special precautions observed in handling activated charcoal other than that it be kept dry.
(4)	Packing and shipping.—Regulations for packing and shipping by freight are covered in Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 278(&), 285 to 294, and 325 to 331; by express, in paragraphs 14, 165, 166, and 167 to 170.
/. H. C. smoker mixture.
(1)	Specification.—United States Army, No. 96—111-7.
(2)	Storage.—H. C. smoke mixture may be stored in sealed steel drums. Water should not be allowed to come in contact with H. C. smoke mixture as it may cause a fire. The presence of water does not always cause fire, but it does cause deterioration of the material. The use of small quantities of water on a fire of H. C. smoke mixture is dangerous, as hydrogen is generated and may cause an explosion. Carbon dioxide and carbon tetrachloride are of no value in fighting a fire of this material. If the burning smoke mixture can be suddenly dumped into a large container of water, the fire can be checked. In itself, H. C. smoke mixture is not explosive, but explosions may result in its burning.
(3)	Handling— Care should be taken in handling H. C. smoke mixture to prevent its coming in contact with water.
(4)	Packing and shipping.—H. C. smoke mixture should be packed and shipped in accordance with Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations for inflammable solids.
(5)	Inspection.—Frequent inspection of containers should be made to see that they are not in a leaking condition.
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g.	Magnesium (metallic).
(1)	Specification.—United States Army, No. 57-21.
(2)	Storage.—Magnesium powder should be stored in tightly closed metal or metal-lined containers. Magnesium is easily ignited and burns with an intense white light. The powder in the air explodes by spark. The powder liberates hydrogen (a very inflammable and explosive gas) when in contact with water, so care should be taken to keep it away from water and moisture. It is a serious hazard under fire conditions and great care should be taken to keep it from becoming ignited. Sand or a carbon dioxide producing fire extinguisher should be used in quenching a magnesium fire. Water should not be used as it accelerates the burning of magnesium. It should not be stored near easily combustible material.
(3)	Handling.—Care should be taken to keep magnesium away from conditions which may cause its ignition. In handling magnesium powder, care should be taken to avoid dusting in the air since this may lead to violent explosions.
(4)	Packing and shipping.—Regulations for packing and shipping by freight are contained in Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 280, 282, 283, and 325 to 331; by express, in paragraphs 14,166, and 167 to 170.
h.	Mining salts.
(1)	Specification.—Commercial.
(2)	Storage.—Mining salts may be stored in wooden barrels or kegs. It should be kept dry. It should be kept away from acids as in contact with them bromine, a poisonous gas, is liberated. It should be stored away from combustible materials.
(3)	Handling.—There are no special precautions in handling mining salts.
(4)	Packing and shipping.—Regulations for packing and shipping by freight are covered by Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 280, 282, 283, and 325 to 331; by express, in paragraphs 14, 144, and 165 to 170.
i.	Oils (solid).
(1)	Storage.—-Solid oils may be stored in barrels or drums. They burn readily, but are not a particularly dangerous fire hazard.
(2)	Handling.—Care should be taken to keep open lights and flames away from solid oils when handling them.
(3)	Packing and shipping.—Regulations for packing and shipping will depend on the composition of the solid oil.
j.	Phosphorus (red).
(1)	Specification.—United States Army, No. 4-503-300.
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(2)	Storage.—Phosphorus (red) may be stored in tightly sealed iron drums or tins. It is very inflammable and should be stored away from open flames or fires. It should be stored away from other chemicals, particularly oxidizing materials such as nitrates, chromic acid, chromates, dichromates, nitric acid, peroxides, and permanganates. It is explosive when mixed with these materials.
(3)	Handling.—Phosphorus (red) is not poisonous. Care should be taken in handling it to keep it from open flames or fires or other conditions which may cause its ignition.
(4)	Packing and shipping.—Regulations for packing and shipping by freight are covered by Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 280, 282, 306, and 325 to 331; by express, in paragraphs 14, 139, and 167 to 170.
k.	Phosphorus (white).
(1)	Specification.—United States Army, No. 4-503-305.
(2)	Storage.—Phosphorus (white) must always be kept under water to prevent contact with air. When exposed to air, it ignites spontaneously giving off dense white fumes. It may be stored in concrete tanks or steel drums, the phosphorus being covered with water. It must not be kept where inflammable materials are stored. It often happens that phosphorus (white) does not immediately catch fire when exposed to air due to the formation of a protective coating of oxide. Complete immersion under water is the only practical way to extinguish a white phosphorus fire.
(3)	Handling.—Experience has proved that white phosphorus is a most dangerous material to handle. The fumes from phosphorus are extremely poisonous and continued exposure even to minute concentrations of the vapor will cause necrosis of the bones of the jaw and nose. In case of a man being burned with white phosphorus, the injured part should be immediately immersed in water and kept under water until the phosphorus has all been removed from the skin. Report to a doctor immediately for treatment. Do not depend on first aid even for minor burns. Foremen must see that all men handling this material are aware of its nature and hazard and method of procedure in case of accident. When white phosphorus is removed from the storage pits to be transported to plants, laboratories, or elsewhere, it must be placed in standard steel barrels which are filled with water before and when the white phosphorus is placed in them. Barrels must be carefully inspected to see that they do not leak and to make sure that a severe bump will not cause them to leak. The head must be securely fastened so that it will not come off or water leak out even though the barrel is turned upside down. All con
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tainers in transit or in storage must be plainly and permanently labeled. Frequent inspection is necessary to see that the container is filled with water to the top. Care must be taken that any white phosphorus spilled is cleaned up. It may remain days or months without catching fire. In case of a white phosphorus burn, the injured part may be immersed in a 5 percent solution of copper sulfate while removing all particles of phosphorus. It may then be treated as an ordinary burn. Medical attention should be given any phosphorus burns as soon as possible.
(4)	Packing and shipping.—Regulations for packing and shipping white phosphorus by freight are contained in Interstate Commerce Commission regulations, paragraphs 280, 282, 307, and 325 to 331; shipment by express is prohibited except as provided in paragraph 158 which makes provision for the shipment of 4 ounces by express.
(5)	Inspection.—Frequent inspection of the phosphorus containers should be made to see that they are not leaky and that the phosphorus is covered with water.
Z. Potassium chlorate.
(1)	Specification.—United States Army, No. 50-11-11.
(2)	Storage.—Potassium chlorate is a very dangerous chemical and all the rules given in a (2) above must be followed.
(3)	Handling.—Potassium, chlorate should be transported from storage to the point of consumption in as small quantities as practicable. It should be handled in buckets with tight covers somewhat similar to milk pails so as to prevent spillage. The contents of damaged boxes and barrels should be immediately transferred to good containers so that contents will not spill over the floor while transferring from storage point to other buildings. Workmen who handle this material should be provided with clothing which is to be worn only when handling potassium chlorate and which they must be compelled to wear whenever they are doing such work. This clothing as well as the containers used for handling the material should be kept only in the storage building when not in use. Under no conditions should they be allowed to remain in other buildings. The danger lies in clothing becoming impregnated with the material and then becoming ignited through lighting a match on the trousers or standing near an open fire. Special care should be taken in cleaning up every semblance of the material in case of spillage especially around buildings. In case of spillage to any great extent, it would be well to remove portions of the earth and supply new ground.
(4)	Packing and shipping.—Regulations for packing and shipping by freight are covered by Interstate Commerce Commission Regula
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tions, paragraphs 280, 282, 283, and 325 to 331; by express, in paragraphs 14, 144, 165, and 167 to 170.
m. Potassium permanganate.
(1)	Specification.—United States Army, No. 4-503-320.
(2)	Storage.—Potassium permanganate may be stored in drums, barrels, boxes, or cans. It is an oxidizing material and is a dangerous fire hazard. It should be stored away from other chemicals, especially alcohol, ether, inflammable gases, and combustible materials, as it is explosive when in contact with them. Such mixtures are particularly dangerous if sulfuric acid or other strong acid comes into contact with them.
(3)	Handling.—Care should be taken to keep potassium permanganate from combustible materials. In case of spillage, it should immediately be carefully cleaned up.
(4)	Packing and shipping.—Regulations for packing and shipping by freight are covered by Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 280, 282, 283, and 325 to 331; by express, in paragraphs 14,144, and 167 to 170.
n. Sodium chlorate.
(1)	Specification.—Commercial.
(2)	Storage.—Sodium chlorate is a very dangerous chemical, and all the rules given under the storage of ammonium perchlorate must be followed.
(3)	Handling.—Sodium chlorate should be transported from storage to the point of consumption in as small quantities as practicable. It should be handled in buckets with tight covers somewhat similar to milk pails so as to prevent spillage. The contents of damaged boxes and barrels should be immediately transferred to good containers so that contents will not spill over the floor while transferring from storage point to other buildings. Workmen who handle this material should be provided with clothing which is to be worn only when handling sodium chlorate and which they must be compelled to wear whenever they are doing such work. This clothing, as well as the containers used for handling the material, should be kept only in the storage building when not in use. Under no conditions should they be allowed to remain in other buildings. The danger lies in clothing becoming impregnated with the material and then becoming ignited through lighting a match on the trousers or standing near an open fire. ‘ Special care should be taken in cleaning up every semblance of the material in case of spillage, especially around buildings. In case of spillage to any great extent it would be well to remove portions of the earth and supply new ground.
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(4)	Packing and shipping.—Regulations for packing and shipping by freight are covered by Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 280, 282, 283, 317, and 325 to 331; by express, in paragraphs 14, 144, and 167 to 170.
(5)	Inspection.—Frequent inspection of the magazine and its contents should be made to insure that containers are in good condition, that floors are clean, that there are no leaks in the roof, and that all the conditions of safe storage are observed.
o.	Sodium {metallic).
(1)	Specification.—Commercial.
(2)	Storage.—Sodium should be stored under neutral oil (kerosene) in hermetically sealed tin can or iron drums. Great care must be taken to keep metallic sodium from coming in contact with water, as it is spontaneously inflammable and explosive under those conditions. Sodium containers should not be piled in tiers and should be carefully protected from mechanical injury.
(3)	Handling.—Sodium should be handled with great care and should always be kept in sealed containers under neutral oil, never letting it come in contact with water.
(4)	Packing and shipping.—Regulations for packing and shipping by freight are covered by Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 280, 282, 304, and 325 to 331; by express, in paragraphs 14, 147, and 167 to 170.
(5)	Inspection.—The containers of sodium should be inspected frequently to insure their being sealed and in good condition.
p.	Sodium nitrite.
(1)	Specification.—Commercial.
(2)	Storage.—Sodium nitrite may be stored in barrels, kegs, or boxes. It is an oxidizing material and should be stored away from combustible materials, as in contact with some of them it may cause ignition.
(3)	Handling.—Spilled sodium nitrite should be cleaned up and disposed of.
(4)	Packing and shipping.—Regulations for packing and shipping by freight are covered by Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 280, 282, 283, and 325 to 331; by express, in paragraphs 14,144, and 167 to 170.
g. Sodiu/m permanganate.
(1)	Specification.—Commercial.
(2)	Storage.—Sodium permanganate may be stored in drums, barrels, boxes, or cans. It is an oxidizing material and is a dangerous fire hazard. It should be stored away from other chemicals, espe-
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(3)	Handling.—Care should be taken to keep sodium permanganate from combustible materials. In case of spillage, it should immediately be carefully cleaned up.
(4)	Packing and shipping.—Regulations for packing and shipping by freight are covered by Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 280, 282, 283, and 325 to 331; by express, in paragraphs 14,144, and 167 to 170.
r. Sodium peroxide.
(1)	Specification.—Commercial.
(2)	Storage.—Sodium peroxide may be stored in sealed tins. It should be stored away from combustible materials and from water. It may cause ignition in contact with combustible material and is explosive in contact with water. The containers must be kept tightly sealed to prevent the absorption of moisture from the air.
(3)	Handling.—The sodium peroxide containers should be handled carefully to avoid breaking them and exposing the contents to the moisture of the air. There is no danger in this, but continued exposure to air destroys the usefulness of the material.
(4)	Packing and shipping.—Regulations for packing and shipping by freight are covered by Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 280, 282, 320, and 325 to 331; by express, in paragraphs 14,149, and 167 to 170.
Section V
CORROSIVE LIQUIDS
Paragraph
General_____________________________________________________________ 23
Definition__________________________________________________________ 24
Storage_____________________________________________________________ 25
Handling____________________________________________________________ 26
Packing and shipping-------------------,---------------------------- 27
Surveillance________________________________________________________ 28
Chemicals----------------------------------------------------------- 29
23.	General.—Regulations for storing, handling, packing, shipping, and surveillance will be given for each individual chemical in most cases. There are, however, certain general practices and regulations which apply to practically all corrosive liquids.
24.	Definition.—A corrosive liquid is a strong mineral acid or other corrosive fluid which is likely to cause fire when mixed with
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chemicals or with organic matter, or in case of leakage, to damage other freight materially.
25.	Storage.—Small quantities of corrosive liquids are normally stored in glass bottles, in glass carboys which have capacities of 5 to 13 gallons and which are completely inclosed in a strong wooden box or steel drums.
a.	All acids in drums should be stored in a cool, dry place and never exposed to the direct rays of the sun or placed near radiators or other sources of heat. Filled drums, when stored for any length of time, should be stored with bung plugs up and plugs should be loosened frequently to release any pressure which may have accumulated. In releasing this pressure, the plug should not be removed completely, but loosened just enough so that the gas may escape slowly through the loosened threads. If this is not done, dangerous acid may spurt out on the workman. Ruptured drums or explosions may result from neglect of these simple rules.
b.	Carboys should be stored on wooden strips (2 by 4’s may be used) to keep the bottoms dry and prevent them from rotting. This will also keep them from coming in contact with any corrosive materials spilled on the floor.
c.	Carboys should never be stored in the open or otherwise exposed to the weather.
d.	Weakened or broken jackets should never be used.
e.	If carboys are to be stored for any length of time, a small section of the gasket may be cut out to provide a vent and the stopper replaced. This is to allow any gases or undue pressure to escape.
f.	Carboys may be stored in tiers, not over two high. Care should be taken in placing the second tier so as not to injure the hoods (wooden covering for the neck) of the carboys in the lower tier.
26.	Handling.—No attempt should be made to lift or move a carboy or other container of corrosive liquids without first examining the jacket, particularly around the bottom, to see that it is not broken or weakened by the action of spilled acid. Weakened or defective jackets or carboys should be marked at once in order to protect persons who might not notice the defect.
a.	A good type carrier should be used for moving carboys. They not only prevent breakage and enable workmen to keep out of range of slight splashes, but are also efficient from an economical standpoint.
b.	All mechanical shocks to carboys should be avoided. They should not be allowed to drop or strike against objects. Shaking of the contents of carboys should also be avoided.
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c.	When filling or emptying carboys, stoppers should be loosened carefully so that pressure may be reduced slowly. If the stopper is removed carelessly, pressure in the carboy may cause the contents to spurt out, causing personal injury or property damage.
d.	When emptying carboys, the contents should be poured slowly and the carboys should be allowed to drain thoroughly. After emptying the carboys, stoppers should be replaced and fastened.
e.	The use of compressed air for emptying carboys is bad practice, as it leaves a small amount of dangerous liquid in a carboy that is supposed to be empty. Compressed air is likely to break a carboy and spatter its contents. If a syphon is used, the carboy should be turned over and drained before it is considered empty. Care should also be observed in starting the syphon so as not to break the carboy by undue pressure.
In handling carboys, care should be taken that stoppers are in place and securely fastened before moving.
g.	In removing carboys from the upper tier, the top of the carboy should never be tipped in such a way that it points toward personnel.
h.	Empty carboys should be washed by turning them upside down over a jet of water.
i.	The same precautions should be taken with empty carboys as with full ones, as they often contain a small amount of acid.
j.	Carboys should always be kept in an upright position.
k.	In handling carboys containing corrosive liquids, rubber aprons and rubber gloves should be worn, and rubber boots, with trousers outside of boots, not tucked in them. A face mask or goggles should also be worn at all times while working around carboys.
I.	A supply of water should be readily available to wash off any acid spilled on the body. For this purpose, a shower is the most suitable. A tub of lime water may also be used. It should be large enough to step into or sit down in, if necessary.
m.	An eye cup for washing the eye with water should be handy. If this is not available, a wide mouth bottle may be used. Better than either of these, is the use of a drinking fountain with which to wash out the eyes if any acid is splashed into them. Thorough washing with water is the best treatment for acid in the eyes.
n. Solutions of sodium carbonate (washing soda or soda ash) may be used to neutralize small amounts of acid when spilled on the floor or other objects. This should be followed by washing with much water. Larger amounts of acid should first be flushed out with a copious supply of water. The residue may then be neutralized with sodium carbonate as above.
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27. Packing and shipping.—Packing and shipping regulations which are given for both shipments by freight and express are Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, Revised. These regulations are constantly being revised and changed, so that every property officer should make arangements to receive these changes as soon as possible after they are published and make the necessary revisions in this manual. Regulations for shipments by baggage services or by water are not covered herein. For shipment by baggage services, reference should be made to Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations and for shipment by water to AR 30-1270.
a. Freight shipments.—The following paragraphs, which are taken from Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, apply to many corrosive liquids when shipped by freight. Exceptions to the requirements in these paragraphs are noted under each individual corrosive liquid. In cases of corrosive liquids not listed in this manual, reference should be made to Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
348. Corrosive liquids must be packed as follows (see par. 349 for special packing requirements) :
(a) Bottles containing corrosive liquid as defined herein must not be packed in the same outside container with any other article, except as provided in paragraphs 280, 353, and 354.
(&) Sufficient interior space must be left vacant to prevent leakage or breakage of container due to expansion of the contents during transportation.
(c) Inside containers containing any quantity of a corrosive liquid must be packed with their filling holes up and the top of the outside must be plainly marked “This side up.”
280.	Inflammable solids or oxidizing materials must not be packed in the same outside container with corrosive liquids unless the corrosive liquids are in bottles, cushioned by incombustible absorbent material, in tightly closed metal containers.
350.	Closing and cushioning.—All containers must be tightly and securely closed. Inside containers must be cushioned as prescribed or in any case when necessary to prevent breakage or leakage.
351.	Corrosive liquids other than those for which special requirements are prescribed (see par. 349) must be packed in suitable containers complying with the following specifications (for details see Pt. IV) :
No. 1A, IB: Boxed carboys, which must be closed, and when reused must be reconditioned and tested as provided in the specification.
No. 5A: Metal barrels or drums.
No. 10A: Wooden barrels or kegs; these containers must be asphalt lined.
No. 11B: Wooden barrels or kegs with inside containers which must be glass or earthenware, not over 2 gallons each.
No. 15A, 15B, 15C, 16A, or 19A: Wooden boxes with inside containers which must be glass or earthenware, not over 1 gallon each, except that inside containers up to 3 gallons are authorized when only one is packed in each outside container.
No. 28: Metal-jacketed lead carboys.
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375.	All packages containing corrosive liquids must be conspicuously labeled by the shipper, except as follows:
(a) When exempted by paragraphs 347 and 378. Packages exempted by paragraph 378 must, however, be plainly marked “No label required.”
(&) On packages in carload shipments to be unloaded by the consignee. When it is known that subsequent shipments of these packages in less-than-carload quantities will probably be made by the consignee, the original shipper should attach labels to the packages or mark them “No label required,” as would be required for less-than-carload shipments.
376.	When dangerous articles requiring the white label are shipped in the same outside package with dangerous articles requiring the red label, the outside package must be labeled with red label only. When dangerous articles requiring the white label are shipped in the same outside package with dangerous articles requiring the yellow label, the outside package must be labeled with the white label only. (See par. 280.)
377.	(a) Shippers must furnish and attach the labels prescribed for their packages. Labels should be applied to that part of the package bearing consignee’s name and address.
(&) Labels must not be applied to packages containing articles which are not subject to these regulations nor to packages which are exempted from labels by paragraphs 347 and 378.
(c) Shippers must not use labels which by their size, shape, and color may readily be confused with the standard caution labels prescribed herein.
(d) Labels for corrosive liquids must be of diamond shape, white in color, and with each side 4 inches long. Printing must be in black letters inside of black-line borders measuring 3% inches on each side. Labels must conform to standards as to size, printing, and color, and samples will be furnished, on request, by the Bureau of Explosives.
378. Unless the notation “No exemption” is shown in column 2 of the list (par. 346), or unless otherwise specified herein, corrosive liquids must be shipped without a label, when certified and marked “No label required,” under the following conditions:
(a.) In quantity not over 5 pints in one outside package.
(&) Electric storage batteries containing electrolyte or battery fluid.
(c) Electrolyte or corrosive battery fluid packed with battery charger or radio current supply device, or parts thereof, with only one device or outfit in each package, in a fiberboard box, Specification 24A, when liquid is in a strong 8-fluid-ounce or smaller bottle, securely closed and cushioned.
379. (a) Carboys of acids or other corrosive liquids, except glacial acetic acid, should not be loaded in refrigerator cars. They must be so blocked and braced that they cannot change position during transit when being handled with reasonable care. Carboys of nitric acid must not be loaded in box cars more than two tiers high. Car doors may be cleated in an open position if desired. Whenever practicable, flat or stock cars should be used for loading carboys of acids.
(&) When less-than-carload shipments are loaded with other freight, the carboys must be placed near the doorways and must have wooden strips not less than 2 inches in height nailed to the car floor about 8 inches from the carboy boxes. These strips must be arranged so that the liquid from a broken carboy will drain toward the doorway and outside the car. The space between
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the strips and the floor braces or blocking used for staying the carboy boxes must be covered with at least 1-inch thickness of clean and dry sand or earth, not sawdust or other combustible material.
(c)	Nitric acid, when loaded in the same car with other acids or other corrosive liquids in carboys, must be separated from the other carboys. A 2 by 6 inch plank, set on edge, should be nailed across the car floor at least 12 inches from the nitric acid carboys, and the space between the plank and the carboys of nitric acid should be filled with sand, sifted ashes, or other incombustible absorbent material.
(d)	Charged electric storage batteries must be well insulated to prevent short circuits and must not be loaded or stored with explosives.
(e)	Before carload shipments of unwashed, exhausted, storage-battery parts including plates or other elements containing electrolyte are loaded, cars to be used must be swept broom clean. Less-than-carload shipments must be packed in wooden boxes or barrels or in iron or steel drums without holes in bottoms or sides.
(f)	Untreated lead dross, scrap, or waste from sulphuric-acid tanks, or sulphate of lead containing free sulphuric acid, must be mixed with a sufficient quantity of sawdust or similar material to absorb the liquid and must be packed for shipment in tight wooden barrels.
(iz) Packages protected by yellow labels must not be loaded in the same end of a car with packages protected by “Acid” or “Corrosive liquid” labels.
380. (a) A car containing one or more packages protected by “Acid” or “Corrosive liquid” labels, or packages without labels as provided in paragraph 378, and any tank car containing an acid or other corrosive liquid must be protected by the “Corrosive liquid” placard as prescribed in paragraph 641 (&).
(&) Placards must conform to standards and samples will be furnished by the Bureau of Explosives on request.
Shippers must furnish and apply placards to cars loaded by them. (See pars. 643 and 644 for standards and method of application.)
(c) Placards for carloads must show thereon, in the space provided, the proper name of the commodity as prescribed by these regulations, or the commodity name must be shown on tagboard cards measuring 5 by 8 inches securely atached to each side of the car.
b. Express shipments.—The following paragraphs, which are taken from Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, apply to many corrosive liquids which are shipped by express. Exceptions to the requirements in these paragraphs are noted under each individual corrosive liquid.
178. The maximum quantity of any corrosive liquid not otherwise prescribed herein (see pars. 180 to 191, and column 2 of list, par. 176) placed in an outside package must not exceed 1 quart, unless bottles, are cushioned by incombustible absorbent material in tightly closed metal containers, and when so packed the maximum quantity in one outside package must not exceed 6 quarts.
180. Bottles containing corrosive liquids named in the list, paragraph 176, must not be packed in the same outside container with any other article.
Exceptions:
(1) Bottles containing corrosive liquid, when cushioned by incombustible absorbent material and packed in tightly closed metal containers. This excep-
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*******
14.	Each outside shipping container must be plainly marked with the proper and definite name of contents corresponding to the name shown on the express receipt, and the name and address of the consignee.
19G. When dangerous articles other than explosives requiring white corrosive liquid labels are shipped in the same outside package with dangerous articles requiring red labels, the outside package must be labeled with the red label only. The marking and description must be that of the inflammable liquid present in largest quantity.
197.	Interior packages containing any quantity of corrosive liquid must be packed with their filling holes up, and the outside package must be plainly marked “This side up.”
198.	All packages containing corrosive liquids for which labels are prescribed herein must be conspicuously labeled by the shipper. Labels should be applied when practicable to that part of the package bearing the consignee’s name and address. Shippers must furnish and attach the labels prescribed for their shipments.
199.	Labels for corrosive liquids must be of diamond shape, white in color, and with each side 4 inches long. Printing must be in black letters inside of black-line borders measuring 3% inches on each side. Labels must conform to standards as to size, printing, and color, and samples will be furnished, on request, by the Bureau of Explosives.
200.	The labels prescribed herein are identical in color, size, and form, and in the instructions printed thereon, with the labels prescribed for dangerous articles other than explosives when transported by freight, but for shipments offered for express transportation the shipper must certify to compliance with these regulations by writing, stamping, or printing his name underneath the certificate printed thereon.
28. Surveillance.—The only surveillance required for this class of chemicals is the detection of leaks, breaks, or other defects in the containers.
29. Chemicals.
a. Acid, acetic.
(1)	Specification.'—Federal, No. O-A-76.
(2)	Storage.—Glacial acetic acid is best stored in carboys. Slate, stoneware, hard rubber-lined, or hardwood (oak, fir, cypress) tanks may be used, but there is danger of discoloration of the acid from wooden tanks. Painting the inside of the wooden tank with melted paraffin lessens or overcomes this danger. Glacial acetic acid has a corrosive action upon metals. Under storage conditions, this action is so slow on aluminum, copper, and high chromium steel that tanks made of those metals may be used for the storage of glacial acetic acid. Enameled iron and lead-lined tanks may also be used. Acetic acid should be stored away from oxidizing ma-
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terials such as nitrates, chromic acid, chromates, dichromates, nitric acid, peroxides, and permanganates. Acetic acid is not considered a dangerous fire hazard, although its vapors will burn at and above its flash point, 104° F.
(3)	Handling.—Glacial acetic acid causes painful and slow-healing burns on the skin. In handling it, observe all the precautions required for handling corrosive liquids. Glacial acetic acid freezes easily (16.7° C.) and breakage of a carboy may occur due to handling with a large mass of solid in it. Carboys in this condition should be handled with extreme care and it is better to first thoroughly thaw out.
(4)	Packing.—Packing for freight shipments is not covered by Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations. Containers employed for freight shipments should, however, conform to Interstate Commerce Commission Specification No. 1A, IB, boxed carboys; No. 10A, wooden barrels or kegs, either asphalt or paraffin lined; or Nos. 11B, 15A, 15B, 15C, 16A, or 19A. The following paragraph gives Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations concerning packing requirements for express shipments:
181. Formic acid, and acetic acid of more than 28 percent strength, must be placed in securely stoppered earthenware or glass vessels of capacity not exceeding 1 gallon, cushioned in wood boxes, Specification 15C, 16A, or 19A, and not more than 1 gallon in each box; or in earthenware or glass carboys of capacity not exceeding 5 gallons, Specification 1A.
(5)	Shipping.—Freight shipments are not covered by Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations. Reference should be made, however, to consolidated freight classification. Express shipments are covered by paragraphs 14, and 196 to 200, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
5.	Acid, chlorsulfonic.
(1)	Specification.—Commercial.
(2)	Storage.—Chlorsulfonic acid may be stored in carboys and iron drums. It should be stored away from nitrates, metallic powders, carbides, picrates, fulminates, and combustible material. Chlorsulfonic acid is not a fire hazard but it may cause fires by coming in contact with combustible materials. In contact with water, chlorsulfonic acid decomposes with explosive violence forming sulfuric and hydrochloric acids. Water should never be allowed to get into containers which contain chlorsulfonic acid.
(3)	Handling.—Chlorsulfonic acid produces painful burns on the skin. If any of the acid gets into the eye, it should be washed immediately with large amounts of water.
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(4)	Packing.—Packing for freight shipments is covered by paragraphs 348, 350, and 351, and for express shipments by paragraph 195, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
195. Corrosive liquids, except as specified herein, must be placed in . securely closed glass, earthenware, lead, india rubber, or ceresine vessels of capacity not exceeding 1 quart, and these vessels must be placed in outside containers as shown herein and surrounded and covered by suitable porous material that will not be ignited by the liquids, and in quantities sufficient to absorb and to hold all of the liquids in any such vessel. (See list, par. 176, for maximum quantity in outside container.)
No. 11B: Glass, earthenware, lead, india-rubber, or ceresine vessels, not over 1 quart each, packed in outside wooden barrels or kegs.
No. 15C, 16A, or 19A: Glass, earthenware, lead, india-rubber, or ceresine vessels, not over 1 quart each (except as specifically provided), packed in outside wooden boxes.
(5)	Shipping.—Freight shipments are covered by paragraphs 375 to 380 and express shipments by paragraphs 14, and 196 to 200, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
c. Acid, hydrochloric.
(1)	Specification.—United States Army, No. 75-17.
(2)	Storage^—Hydrochloric acid may be stored in carboys or stoneware tanks. It is also stored in wooden or steel tanks lined with the following material: acid-brick, hard rubber, pure gum rubber. Hydrochloric acid should be stored away from nitric acid. It is nonexplosive and not a fire hazard.
(3)	Handling.—Hydrochloric acid gives off irritating fumes which are dangerous in the high concentrations met with in empty tanks, tank cars, and closed buildings. Empty tanks or tank cars should not be entered until they have been thoroughly cleaned out.
(4)	Packing.—(a) Packing for freight shipments is covered by paragraphs 348 and 357, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
357. (a) Hydrochloric (muriatic) acid must be packed as follows:
In wooden boxes, Specification 15A, 15B, 15C, 16A, or 19A, with glass or earthenware inside containers not over 1 gallon each, except that inside containers up to 3 gallons each are authorized when only one is packed in each outside container.
Or in wooden barrels, or kegs, Specification 11B, with glass or earthenware inside containers not over 2 gallons each.
Or in boxed carboys, Specification 1A.
Or in rubber-lined wooden barrels or kegs, Specification 10A.
Or in tank cars, Specification 103B, 108, or 108A.
Hydrochloric acid of not over 20 percent strength (13.25° Baume) and other corrosive liquids containing not over 20 percent hydrochloric acid may also be shipped in asphaltum-lined wooden barrels or kegs, Specification 10A.
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Hydrochloric acid and hydrochloric acid mixtures may also be shipped in rubber-lined metal barrels or drums, Specification 5D. Any such container that shows evidence of damage must be tested before shipment for defect in lining in the manner prescribed in Specification 5D.
(b) When acid contains oils or solvents it must not be shipped in containers or tank cars lined with rubber.
(c) Carboys containing chemically pure (water-white) hydrochloric acid may be closed with glass stoppers, not ground in but sufficiently vented, and soft-rubber gaskets.
(&) Packing for express shipments is covered by paragraph 187, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
187. Hydrochloric (muriatic) acid must be in well-stoppered earthenware or glass vessels of not more than 5 pints capacity, packed in strong wooden boxes, Specification 15C, 16A, or 19A. The inner containers must be well cushioned with excelsior, hay, straw, or equivalent packing material.
(5)	Shipping.—Freight shipments are covered by paragraphs 375 to 380 and express shipments by paragraphs 14, and 196 to 200, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
d. Acid, sulphuric.
(1)	Specification.—United States Army, No. 50-11-1.
(2)	Storage.—Concentrated sulphuric acid may be stored in carboys and iron drums. It has a corrosive action upon metals but tanks of the following materials may be used for its storage at the concentrations of acid given: cast iron (85 to 100 percent), steel (90 percent to fuming). Sulphuric acid should be stored away from nitrates, metallic powders, carbides, picrates, fulminates, and com-busible material. Sulphuric acid is nonexplosive but it may cause fires by coming in contact with combustible materials. In contact with water, sulphuric acid develops great heat. Water should never be allowed to get into containers in which sulphuric acid is stored.
(3)	Handling.—Sulphuric acid produces painful burns on the skin. If any of the acid gets into the eye, it should be washed immediately with large amounts of water. Sulphuric acid attacks articles of clothing. It gives off poisonous fumes under fire conditions.
(4)	Packing.— (a) Packing for freight shipments is covered by paragraphs 348, 350, and 362, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
362. (a) Sulphuric acid must be packed as follows:
In wooden boxes, Specification 15A, 15B, 15C, 16A, or 19A, with glass or earthenware inside containers not over 1 gallon each, except that inside containers up to 3 gallons each are authorized when only one is packed in each outside container.
Or in wooden barrels or kegs, Specification 11B, with glass or earthenware inside containers not over 2 gallons each.
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Or in wooden tubs, Specification 31, with one earthenware jug packed in each tub; jugs must be not over 2 gallons capacity each.
Or in boxed carboys, Specification 1A.
Or in tank cars, Specification 103A.
Or in metal barrels or drums, Specification 5A, authorized only for acid of 1.81 specific gravity (65° Baumd) or greater strength, or when the strength of the acid is 60° to 65° Baume and the acid has been treated with an inhibitor that renders its corrosive effects on steel no greater than 66° Baume commercial sulphuric acid.
Or in lead-lined metal barrels or drums, Specification 5A, authorized only for acid of not over 1.61 specific gravity (55° Baume).
Or in rubber-lined metal barrels or drums, Specification 5D, authorized only for acid of not over 1.4 specific gravity (42° Baume) ; any such container that shows evidence of damage must be tested before shipment for defect in lining in the manner prescribed in Specification 5D.
(&) For water-white sulphuric acid (electrolyte grade) of specific gravity 1.7 (60° Baume) or over in boxed carboys; gaskets as prescribed in Specification 1A may be treated with pure paraffin instead of the usual paraffin and oil mixture. Gaskets must be in a plastic condition when applied.
(&) Packing for express shipments is covered by paragraph 191, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
191. Sulphuric acid must be in well-stoppered earthenware or glass vessels of not more than 1-gallon capacity, packed in strong wooden boxes, Specification 15C, 16A, or 19A.
(5)	Shipping.—Freight shipments are covered by paragraphs 375 to 380 and express shipments by paragraphs 14, and 196 to 200, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
e. Benzoyl chloride.
(1)	Specification.—Commercial.
(2)	Storage.—Benzoyl chloride may be stored in carboys, sealed iron drums, or iron tanks. It is not a fire hazard. Care should be taken not to allow it to come in contact with water as it causes decomposition.
(3)	Handling.—The vapors of benzoyl chloride must not be breathed and great care should be taken not to spill any of the liquid on the skin or clothing.
(4)	Packing.—Packing for freight shipments is covered by paragraphs 348, 350, and 352 and for express shipments by paragraph 184, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations. Benzoyl chloride must be packed in well-stoppered earthenware or glass vessels of not more than 1-quart capacity packed in strong wooden boxes, Specification 15C, 16A, or 19A. The inner containers must be well cushioned by excelsior, hay, straw, or equivalent packing material.
274514°—40-
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(5)	Shipping.—Freight shipments are covered by paragraphs 375 to 380 and express shipments by paragraphs 14, and 196 to 200, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
/. Benzyl chloride.
(1)	Specification.—Commercial.
(2)	Storage.—Benzyl chloride may be stored in carboys, sealed iron drums, or iron tanks. It is not a fire hazard.
(3)	Handling.—The vapors of benzyl chloride must not be breathed and great care should be taken not to spill any of the liquid on the skin or clothing.
(4)	Packing.—Packing for freight shipments is covered by paragraphs 348, 350, and 352, and for express shipments by paragraph 184, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations. Benzyl chloride must be packed in well-stoppered earthenware or glass vessels of not more than 1-quart capacity, packed in strong wooden boxes, Specifications 15C, 16A, or 19A. The inner containers must be well cushioned by excelsior, hay, or straw, or equivalent packing material.
(5)	Shipping.—Freight shipments are covered by Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 375 to 380, and express shipments by paragraphs 14, and 196 to 200.
g. Bromine.
(1)	Specification.—Commercial.
(2)	Storage.—Bromine may be stored in glass bottles, carboys, earthenware jugs, or lead-lined drums. It should be kept away from all combustible material, as it may cause fire in contact with such material. Bromine is very corrosive and great care should be taken to keep the containers from breaking.
(3)	Handling.—Bromine on the skin causes painful burns; it gives off poisonous and suffocating fumes. For the treatment of inhalation of bromine fumes, it is recommended that the vapors from a mixture of turpentine and ethyl alcohol be inhaled. For the treatment of bromine on the skin, wash with a solution consisting of 1 volume of 25 percent ammonia water, 1 volume of turpentine, and 10 volumes of 96 percent or absolute alcohol.
(4)	Packing.— (a) Packing for freight shipments is covered by paragraphs 348, 350, and 355, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
355. (a) Bromine must be packed as follows:
In wooden boxes, Specification 15A or 15B, with glass inside containers not over 6% pounds (1 quart) each or with stone or earthenware jugs not over 1 gallon each.
Or in lead-lined metal barrels or drums, Specification 5A, not over 5 gallons each.
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(b)	Outage (vacant space above liquid) for inside containers must be not less than 15 percent of capacity of container; inside containers must be closed by glass, earthenware, or stone stoppers ground to fit and securely fastened.
(c)	Inside containers must be securely cushioned on all sides with incombustible packing material such as whiting, mineral wool, or sifted ashes, at least 1 inch thick, which will not produce heat when mixed with bromine. Hay, sawdust, excelsior, or other organic material, either treated or untreated, must not be used.
(d)	Not more than 15 quarts of bromine in bottles nor more than 12 quarts in jugs may be packed in one box.
(b) Packing for express shipments is covered by paragraph 183, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
183. Bromine must be in glass bottles of not more than 6% pounds (1 quart) capacity. These inside containers must not be entirely filled but must have a vacant space above the liquid of not less than 15 percent of the total capacity of the container; they must be closed by glass, earthenware, or stone stoppers ground to fit and securely fastened.
Bottles as provided herein must be packed in boxes, Specification 15B, and securely cushioned on all sides with incombustible packing material, at least 1 inch in thickness, which will not produce heat when mixed with bromine. Whiting, mineral wool, infusorial earth (kieselguhr), sifted ashes, powdered china clay, or similar material must be used. Hay, sawdust, excelsior, or other organic material, either treated or untreated, must not be used. Each box must be marked on top “This side up,” and not more than 1 quart of bromine may be packed in one box.
(5) Shipping.—Freight shipments are covered by paragraphs 375 to 380 and express shipments by paragraphs 14, and 196 to 200, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
h. Chloracetylchloride.
(1)	Specification.—Commercial.
(2)	Storage.—Chloracetylchloride may be stored in carboys and lead-lined drums. It reacts readily with water so the containers should be dry before putting the material into them. They should then be sealed to protect it from moisture in the air. Chloracetylchloride is not a fire hazard. It should be stored away from oxidizing agents, such as nitrates, chromic acid, chromates, dichromates, nitric acid, peroxides, and permanganates.
(3)	Handling.—Care should be taken not to breathe the fumes from chloracetylchloride and not to spill any of the liquid on the skin.
(4)	Packing.— {a) Packing for freight shipments is covered by paragraphs 348, 350, and 352 () Packing for express shipments is covered by paragraph 184, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
184. Anhydrous liquid chlorides and phosphorus tribromide must be in well-stoppered earthenware or glass vessels of not more than 1-quart capacity, packed in strong wooden boxes, Specification 15C, 16A, or 19A. The inner containers must be well cushioned by excelsior, hay, straw, or equivalent packing material, except that for phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus tribromide, phosphorus oxychloride, and chloride of sulphur, the packing must be incombustible and of such nature that a mixture of the material with the packing will not cause fires or heating. In addition to the above-named containers, titanium tetrachloride may be shipped when packed in steel drums, Specification 5A, of 5 gallons capacity or less, each inclosed in a wooden box, Specification 15C. All containers must be absolutely dry before filling.
(5)	Shipping.—Freight shipments are covered by paragraphs 375 to 380 and express shipments by paragraphs 14, and 196 to 200, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
k.	Smoke mixture (chlorsulfonio acid-sulfur trioxide solution).
(1)	Specification.—Chemical Warfare Service No. 196-31-5.
(2)	Code Designation.—FS.
(3)	Storage.—FS will be stored in sealed iron drums or carboys. It will be stored away from nitrates, metallic powders, carbides, picrates, fulminates, and combustible material. FS is not combustible but may cause fires by coming in contact with combustible materials. In contact with water, FS reacts violently, decomposing into sulfuric and hydrochloric acids with the generation of a large quantity of heat. Water will never be allowed to get into containers of FS. Smoke-screen tanks will be used as soon as possible after being filled. If the tanks are not to be used within 1 hour after they have been filled, the ones with the filling plugs tightly inserted will be put in a cool place. Smoke-screen tanks after being filled with FS will not be stored for more than 10 days. If the FS has not been dis
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charged during this period, the tanks will be emptied. The empty-tanks will then be thoroughly washed with water and put in a warm place to dry. If there is not sufficient time for the tanks to dry thoroughly when put in a warm place, they will be drained of water and thoroughly rinsed with a gallon of acetone or denatured alcohol and then, after draining, blown out with compressed air until no odor of the drying agent can be detected.
(4)	Handling.—FS, like heavy acids, is very corrosive. All personnel handling FS will wear acid-proof clothing or aprons, gas masks, rubber gloves, and rubber boots. If any liquid FS gets on the body, it will be wiped off immediately with a piece of dry cloth or waste, followed by washing with an abundance of water and in turn with a weak solution of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) in water. If liquid FS gets on the clothing, remove the garment immediately. Do not put water on it while it is being worn, as the heat of reaction is apt to cause severe bums. Any FS that has soaked through to the skin will be removed as described above.
(5)	Packing.—Packing-for freight shipments is covered by paragraphs 346(c), 348, 349, 350, and 366, and for express shipments by paragraphs 14, 180, 195, and 197, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, as amended.
(6)	Shipping.—Freight shipments of FS are covered by paragraphs 375 to 380, and express shipments by paragraphs 14, 196, 198, 199, and 200, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations. Under the Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, FS may be shipped in the following containers: drum, steel, 30-gallon, drum, steel, 55-gallon, and drum, steel, 110-gallon.
I.	Stannic chloride.
(1)	Specification.—Commercial.
(2)	Storage.—Stannic chloride may be stored in sealed iron drums or carboys. It absorbs moisture from the air, so care must be taken to keep the containers tightly sealed. It is not a fire hazard.
(3)	Handling.—The liquid stannic chloride is somewhat caustic and should be washed off with water if spilled on the skin.
(4)	Packing.—{a) Packing for freight shipments is covered by paragraphs 348, 350, and 352(a), Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations:
352. (a) Anhydrous liquid chlorides and phosphorus tribromide must be packed as follows:
In wooden boxes, Specification 15A, 15B, or 15C, 16A, or 19A, with glass or earthenware inside containers not over 1 gallon each, except that inside containers up to 3 gallons each are authorized when only one is packed in each outside container.
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Or in wooden barrels or kegs, Specification 11B, with glass or earthenware inside containers not over 2 gallons each.
Or in boxed glass carboys, Specification 1A.
Or in metal barrels or drums, Specification 5A.
Or in tank cars, Specification 103 or 103A.
(Z>) Packing for express shipments is covered by paragraph 184, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations:
184. Anhydrous liquid chlorides and phosphorus tribromide must be in well-stoppered earthenware or glass vessels of not more than 1-quart capacity, packed in strong wooden boxes, Specification 15C, 16A, or 19A. The inner containers must be well-cushioned by excelsior, hay, straw, or equivalent packing material, except that for phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus tribromide, phosphorus oxychloride, and chloride of sulphur, the packing must be incombustible and of such nature that a mixture of the material with the packing will not cause fires or heating. In addition to the above-named containers, titanium tetrachloride may be shipped when packed in steel drums, Specification 5A, of 5 gallons capacity or less, each inclosed in a wooden box, Specification 15(1 All containers must be absolutely dry before filling.
(5)	Shipping.—Freight shipments are covered by paragraphs 375 to 380, and express shipments by paragraphs 14, and 196 to 200, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
m. Sulfur dichloride.
(1)	Specification.—Commercial.
(2)	Storage.—Sulfur dichloride may be stored in sealed iron drums or carboys. It reacts readily with water, so containers should be dry before putting the material into them. They should then be sealed to protect it from the moisture in the air. It is not a fire hazard.
(3)	Handling.—Care should be taken not to breathe the fumes from sulfur dichloride and not to spill any of the liquid on the skin.
(4)	Packing.— (a) Packing for freight shipments is covered by paragraphs 348, 350, and 352(a), Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations:
352. (a) Anhydrous liquid chlorides and phosphorus tribromide must be packed as follows.
In wooden boxes, Specification 15A, 15B, or 15C, 16A, or 19A, with glass or earthenware inside containers not over 1 gallon each, except that inside containers up to 3 gallons each are authorized when only one is packed in each outside container.
Or in wooden barrels or kegs, Specification 11B, with glass or earthenware inside containers not over 2 gallons each.
Or in boxed glass carboys, Specification 1A.
Or in metal barrels or drums, Specification 5A.
Or in tank cars, Specification 103 or 1O3A.
(Z>) Packing for express shipments is covered by paragraph 184, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations:
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184. Anhydrous liquid chlorides and phosphorus tribromide must be in well-stoppered earthenware or glass vessels of not more than 1 quart capacity, packed in strong wooden boxes, Specification 15C, 16A, or 19A. The inner containers must be wTell cushioned by excelsior, hay, straw, or equivalent packing material, except that for phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus tribromide, phosphorus oxychloride, and chloride of sulphur, the packing must be incombustible and of such nature that a mixture of the material with the packing will not cause fires or heating. In addition to the above-named containers, titanium tetrachloride may be shipped when packed in steel drums, Specification 5A, of 5 gallons capacity or less, each inclosed in a wooden box, Specification 15C. All containers must be absolutely dry before filling.
(5)	Skipping.—Freight shipments are covered by paragraphs 375 to 380 and express shipments by paragraphs 14, and 196 to 200, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
n. Sulfur mono chloride.
(1)	Specification.—United States Army, No. 4-503-410.
(2)	Storage.—Sulfur monochloride may be stored in carboys, sealed iron drums, or large iron tanks. The containers must always be sealed to protect the contents from moisture. The fumes are very corrosive. It is not a fire hazard.
(3)	Handling.—The fumes from sulfur monochloride have an irritating effect upon the eyes, skin, and lungs. They should not be breathed. The liquid should be washed off with water if spilled on the skin.
(4)	Packing.—(a) Packing for freight shipments is covered by paragraphs 348, 350, and 3’52 («), Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations:
352. (a) Anhydrous liquid chlorides and phosphorus tribromide must be packed as follows:
In wooden boxes, Specification 15A, 15B, or 15C, 16A, or 19A, with glass or earthenware inside containers not over 1 gallon each, except that inside containers up to 3 gallons each are authorized when only one is packed in each outside container.
Or in wooden barrels or kegs, Specification 11B, with glass or earthenware inside containers not over 2 gallons each.
Or in boxed glass carboys, Specification 1A.
Or in metal barrels or drums, Specification 5A.
Or in tank cars, Specification 103 or 103A.
(&) Packing for express shipments is covered by paragraph 184, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations:
184. Anhydrous liquid chlorides and phosphorus tribromide must be in well-stoppered earthenware or glass vessels of not more than 1-quart capacity, packed in strong wooden boxes, Specification 15C, 16A, or 19A. The inner containers must be well cushioned by excelsior, hay, straw, or equivalent packing material, except that for phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus tribromide,
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phosphorus oxychloride, and chloride of sulphur, the packing must be incombustible and of such nature that a mixture of the material with the packing will not cause fires or heating. In addition to the above-named containers, titanium tetrachloride may be shipped when packed in steel drums, Specification 5A, of 5 gallons capacity or less, each inclosed in a wooden box, Specification 15C. All containers must be absolutely dry before filling.
(5)	Shipping.—Freight shipments are covered by paragraphs 375 to 380 and express shipments by paragraphs 14, and 196 to 200, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
o.	Sulfur trioxide.
(1)	Specification.—Commercial.
(2)	Storage.—Sulfur trioxide may be stored in sealed steel drums. It combines with water with explosive violence. It also absorbs moisture rapidly from the air. Containers should therefore be dry before filling and then tightly sealed to protect the contents from the moisture of the air. Sulfur trioxide should be stored away from nitrates, metallic powders, carbides, picrates, fulminates, and combustible materials. In itself it is nonexplosive and not a fire hazard.
(3)	Handling.—Sulfur trioxide gives off suffocating fumes which should not be breathed. It produces painful burns on the skin and great care should be taken to keep it from coming in contact with the body or clothing.
(4)	Packing.—Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations make no provision for shipment. The containers employed for shipment should, however, conform to Interstate Commerce Commission specifications contained in paragraph 351. Packing for express shipments should conform to paragraph 195, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations:
195. Corrosive liquids, except as specified herein, must be placed in securely closed glass, earthenware, lead, india-rubber, or ceresine vessels, of capacity not exceeding 1 quart, and these vessels must be placed in outside containers as shown herein and surrounded and covered by suitable porous material that will not be ignited by the liquids, and in quantities sufficient to absorb and to hold all of the liquids in any such vessel. (See list, par. 176, for maximum quantity in outside container.)
No. 11B: Glass, earthenware, lead, india-rubber, or ceresine vessels, not over 1 quart each, packed in outside wooden barrels or kegs.
No. 15C, 16A, or 19A: Glass, earthenware, lead, india-rubber, or ceresine vessels, not over 1 quart each (except as specifically provided), packed in outside wooden boxes.
(5)	Shipping.—Freight shipments should conform to paragraphs 375 to 380 and express shipments to paragraphs 14, and 196 to 200, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
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p.	Titamiwm tetrachloride (tin tetrachloride).
(1)	Specification.—United States Army, No. 4—503-425.
(2)	Storage.—Titanium tetrachloride may be stored in sealed iron drums or carboys. It absorbs moisture from the air, so care must be taken to keep the containers tightly sealed. It is not a fire hazard.
(3)	Handling.—The liquid titanium tetrachloride is somewhat caustic and should be washed off with water if spilled on the skin.
(4)	Packing.— (a) Packing for freight shipments is covered by paragraphs 348, 350, and 352(a), Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations:
352. (a) Anhydrous liquid chlorides and phosphorus tribronride must be packed as follows:
In wooden boxes, Specification 15A, 15B, 15C, 16A, or 19A, with glass or earthernware inside containers not over 1 gallon each, except that inside containers up to 3 gallons each are authorized when only one is packed in each outside container.
Or in wooden barrels or kegs, Specification 11B, with glass or earthenware inside containers not over 2 gallons each.
Or in boxed glass carboys, Specification 1A.
Or in metal barrels or drums, Specification 5A.
Or in tank cars, Specification 103 and 103A.
(b) Packing for express shipments is covered by paragraph 184, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations:
184. Anhydrous liquid chlorides and phosphorus tribromide must be in well-stoppered earthenware or glass vessels of not more than 1-quart capacity, packed in strong wooden boxes, Specification 15C, 16A, or 19A. The inner containers must be well cushioned by excelsior, hay, straw, or equivalent packing material, except that for phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus tribromide, phosphorus oxychloride, and chloride of sulphur, the packing must be incombustible and of such nature that a mixture of the material with the packing will not cause fires or heating. In addition to the above-named containers, titanium tetrachloride may be shipped when packed in steel drums, Specification 5A, of 5 gallons capacity or less, each inclosed in a wooden box, Specification 15C. All containers must be absolutely dry before filling.
(5) Shipping.—Freight shipments are covered by paragraphs 375 to 380 and express shipments by paragraphs 14, and 196 to 200, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
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Section VI
COMPRESSED GASES
Paragraph
General___________________________________________________________ 30
Definition________________________________________________________ 31
Storage and handling______________________________________________ 32
Packing and shipping---------------------------------------------- 33
Surveillance______________________________________________________ 34
Chemicals--------------------------------------------------------  35
30.	General.—Regulations for storing, handling, packing, shipping, and surveillance will be given, in most cases, for each individual compressed gas. There are, however, general regulations which apply to practically all compressed gases.
31.	Definition.—The following definition of a compressed gas is taken from Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations:
A compressed gas is defined as any material with a gauge pressure exceeding 25 pounds per square inch at 70° F.; or any liquid inflammable material having a vapor pressure exceeding 40 pounds per square inch, absolute, at 100° F., March to October, inclusive, or exceeding 45 pounds per square inch, absolute, at 100° F., November to February, inclusive, as determined by the method described in Appendix No. 1. (See par. 460(a) for gases defined and classified as poisonous.)
32.	Storage and handling.—Regulations for storage and handling are given for each compressed gas.
33.	Packing and shipping.—Packing and shipping regulations, which are given for both shipments by freight and express, are Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, Revised. These regulations are constantly being revised and changed so that every property officer should make arrangements to receive these changes as soon as possible after they are published and make the necessary revisions in this manual. Regulations, for shipments by baggage service or by water are not covered herein. For shipment by baggage services reference should be made to Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations and for shipment by water to AR 30-1270.
a. Freight shipments.—The following paragraphs, which are taken from Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, contain general information in regard to compressed gases when shipped by freight. No attempt is made to give all the paragraphs relating to compressed gases either in this general statement or in presenting the requirements for each compressed gas. All the paragraphs in Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations to be consulted are, however, given.
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396. (a) The following list shows the names of well-known compressed gases in general use that are classified as dangerous under these regulations. When dangerous, these articles must be packed, marked, certified, labeled, and described as required by the regulations herein for compressed gases. When not dangerous, according to the definition in paragraph 395, shipments of the articles are not subject to these regulations.
(&) The list also shows the paragraph references to general or special packing requirements and paragraph references to exemptions from label or other requirements.
(c)	When an article is properly described under a name not in the following list and such article is classified as a compressed gas by paragraph 395, the article must be shipped in accordance with these regulations.
Compressed gases * 1 2 3
Name of article
Inflammable or noninflammable
Paragraph references to exemptions
Paragraph references to special or general packing
Acetylene...
Chlorine_______________
Ethylene_______________
Liquefied carbon dioxide.
Oxygen-----------------
Sulphur dioxide_______
Inflammable. 		397
N oninflammable		397
Inflammable		397
N oninflammable		397
	do				397
	do	 		397
398, 399,401,403,
404, 409-414
398-405, 426-133
398-407
398-405
398-404, 407
398-405, 426-431, 433
1 This table does not contain all the compressed gases listed in Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.
397. Except poisonous gases as covered by paragraph 460 (a) herein, compressed gases are exempt from these regulations as follows:
(a) In cylinders or tubes not exceeding %-inch outside diameter and of not more than 4-fluid ounces water capacity.
(&) Hand fire extinguishers containing nonliquefied gas for the purpose of expelling fire-extinguishing contents.
(c) Machines or apparatus assembled for shipment containing not over 15 pounds weight of gas or liquid for their operation, refrigerating machines of the self-contained type containing not over 25 pounds weight of gas, and refrigerationg machines of the remote-control type, consisting of separate units shipped separately and each containing not over 25 pounds weight of gas, under the following conditions:
1. All parts subject to gas pressure during shipment must be tested during manufacture by interior pressure and must show no leakage or indication of failure under the test; for liquefied gas, the test pressure must be four times and for nonliquefied gas it must be 5/3 times the gas pressure at 70° F.
2. The liquid portion of the gas, if any, must not completely fill the container at 130° F.
3. The amount of gas, if liquefied, must not exceed the filling densities prescribed in paragraph 405 or 406.
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(d)	Tin cans 3 inches in diameter by 6 inches long, or less, each can tested to an interior pressure of at least 150 pounds per square inch, when filled not over 90 percent with nondangerous liquid and then charged with liquefied carbon dioxide to a pressure of 50 pounds per square inch, or less, at 70° F.
(e)	Metal drums 13 inches in diameter by 39 inches long, or less, each drum tested to an interior pressure of at least 225 pounds per square inch, when filled not over 75 percent with nondangerous liquid and then charged with liquefied carbon dioxide to a pressure of 25 pounds, or less, per square inch at 70° F., to which is then added an interior air pressure of 75 pounds, or less, per square inch. Test pressure shall be repeated before each refilling of drums.
b. Express shipments.—The regulations covering express shipments will be dealt with in connection with each compressed gas.
34.	Surveillance.—Unless otherwise specified, the only surveillance required is the detection of leaks, breaks, or other defects in the containers.
35.	Chemicals.
a.	Anhydrous ammonia.
(1)	Specification.—United States Army, No. 97-54-143.
(2)	Storage.—Anhydrous ammonia may be stored in steel cylinders. It is not a fire hazard in storage but the presence of oil will increase the fire hazard, and a fire resistive storage is recommended. Ammonia does not have an explosive range in air in concentrations of between 16 and 25 percent by volume. In combustible buildings or if near combustibles, sprinklered storage is recommended. The containers used should conform to Interstate Commerce Commission specifications for shipping containers as given in (4) below. Precautions should be taken to safeguard against mechanical injury and excessive heating of cylinders. Anhydrous ammonia is soluble in water and hose streams are comparatively effective in removing the gas from the atmosphere. Ammonia in a concentration of to 1 percent for a period of % hour is considered lethal and will produce serious injury. In storage, the gas should be isolated from other chemicals, particularly chlorine, bromine, iodine, and mineral acids.
(3)	Handling—Anhydrous ammonia is irritant but in low concentrations will not cause serious effects. For rules on handling cylinders, see c(3) below.
(4)	Packing.— {a) Freight.—General and special packing requirements for compressed anhydrous ammonia are given in Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 398 to 405. Qualification and maintenance of cylinders are contained in paragraphs 426 to 433.
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(b) Express.—Special packing requirements are contained in paragraph 215 with exemptions as found in paragraph 207.
(5)	Shipping.— (a) Freight.—Labels on packages and placards are given in Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, paragraphs 440 to 443.
(b) Express—Marking containers for shipments and labels are given in paragraphs 14, and 228 to 331.
b.	Carbon dioxide.
(1)	Specification.—United States Army, No. 4-503-95.
(2)	Storage.—Liquid carbon dioxide is stored in steel cylinders. It is not a fire hazard. Buildings in which cylinders of carbon dioxide are stored should be well ventilated to prevent the possibility of dangerous concentrations of carbon dioxide being built up from a leaking cylinder.
(3)	Handling.—Cylinders of carbon dioxide should be handled carefully so as not to injure the valve.
(4)	Packing.— (a) Freight shipments.—Exemptions from Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations are contained in paragraph 397. General packing requirements are given in paragraphs 398 to 405. Qualification and maintenance of cylinders are given in paragraphs 415 to 425.
(&)	Express shipments.—Paragraph 215, Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations, gives the special requirements for liquefied carbon dioxide. Paragraphs 225 and 226 give information concerning classification and maintenance of cylinders.
(5)	Shipping.—(a) Freight.—Paragraphs 440 to 443, Interstate Commerce Regulations, contain regulations concerning labels for packages, placards, and loading.
(6)	Express.—Paragraphs 14, and 228 to 231 contain regulations concerning marking containers for shipment and labels.
c.	Chlorine.
(1)	Specification.—United States Army, No. 4-503-130.
(2)	Storage.—Liquid chlorine may be stored in steel cylinders or steel tanks. The containers used should conform to the Interstate Commerce Commissior specifications for shipping containers as given in (4) below. Chlorine in storage is not a fire hazard nor is it liable to primary explosion. The chief danger lies in the leakage of the gas, which is very irritant and poisonous in sufficient concentration. The following rules for the storage of cylinders of chlorine should be observed:
(a)	All cylinders should be protected against excessive rise of temperature. Cylinders may be stored in the open, but in such cases,
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should be protected against extremes of weather. During the winter, cylinders stored in the open should be protected against accumulations of ice or snow. In summer, cylinders stored in the open should be screened against continuous direct rays of the sun.
(6)	Never store cylinders near highly inflammable substances, such as oil, gasoline, waste, etc.
(700	1,2,3,4
Benzaldehyde--------- Artificial almond oil_	148	165 ____________________ No____	1.05	3.66	—15	355	1,2,3,4
Benzene,..----------- Benzol------------ 12 ----------- 1.4	8	1076 No___	0.88	2.77	41	176	’ 2, M
Benzoic acid-------------------------------- 250 --------------------------- No____	1.266	4.21	252	482	1,3,4
Benzyl acetate--------------------------- 216 ---------------------- 862 No.——	1.06	5.17	-80	417	1,2,3,4
Benzyl alcohol--------- Phenylcarbinol--- 213	220	-_________ 817 No________	1.04	3.72	5	403	1,2,3,4
Benzyl benzoate------ ------------------- 298 ------------------------------ No____	1.114	7.31	65	614	1| 2.3,4
Benzyl Cellosolve------------------------------- 265 _______________________ No____	1.07 ____________ 493	1,3,4
Benzyl chloride-----------------------....	140 ------ 1.1 ________________ No____	1.103	4.36	-41	349	1,2,3,4
Borneol---------------------------------- 150 ------------------------------ No____	1.01	5.31 413 sub. ___ 1,2,3,4
Bromobenzene----------- Phenyl bromide___ 149 ______________________________ No____	1.497	5.41	—23	313	1,2,3,4
Bronze dust (aluminum-free)______________ No hazard ________________________ No_____________________
Butane, n-------------------------------- —76 Gas 1.6	8.5	806 No___________ 2.046	—211	33 ______
Butyl acetate, n------------------------- 72	90	1.7	15	790 No____	0.88	4.00	-107	260	3,4
Butyl acetate, iso----------------------- 64 ------------------------------- No____	0.871	4.00	—148	244	3,4
Butyl alcohol, n---------------------------- 84	110	1.7 ______ 693 No________	0.806	2.55	-120	243	3,4
Butyl alcohol, iso-------------------------- 82 ------- 1.68 _______ 825 No________	0.805	2.55	-162	225	3,4
Butyl alcohol, ter----------------------- 52 ----------------------- 901 No________	0.706	2.55	77	181	3,4
Butylbenzene, sec------------------------ 126 ------------------------------ No____	0.86	4.62 _____ 345	2,3,4
Butyl Carbitol--------------------------- 172	200 _____________ 442	No____	0.955	5.58	<-40	448	1,3,4
Butyl Carbitol acetate__________________________ 240 _______________________ No____	0.987 ___________ 474	1 2 3 4
Butyl Cellosolve------------------------ 141	165 ------------- 472	No____	0.902	4.07	<—40	340	1,3,4
Butylene, n--------------------------------- Gas ------ 1.7	9.0 _______ No___________ 0.668	-202	23 ______
Butylene glycol-------------------------- 104 ------------------------------ No____	1.019	3.10 ______ 379	3,4
Butyl formate, n---------------------------- 64 ---------------------------- No____	0.911	3.52	-130	225	2,3,4
Butyl lactate:------------------------------ 160 --------------------------- No____	0.968	5.04 ______ 320	2,3,4
Butyl phthallyl butyl glycol- ----------- 385	390 ____________________ No____	>1 ___________________ 1,2,3, 4
late.
Butyl propionate, n------------------------- 90	110 ------------ 800 No________	0.875	5.00 _____ 295	2,3,4
Butyl ricinoleate----------------------- 230 __________.___________________________ 0.906 _____________ 790	1,2,3,4
Butyl stearate, n----------------------- 320	385 ___________________________ 0.855 _______ 61	650	1,’ 2,3,4
Butyraldehyde--------1------------------ 20 -----------1-------------------- No____	0.817	2.48	-148	169	3,4
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Butyric acid n-------------------------- 170 _____________________________ No____	0.960	3.04	18	327	1,3,4
Butyric anhydride, n-------------------- 190 _______________ ____________________ 0.978	5.38	-102	388	1,3,4
Butyrone-------------------------------- 120 _____________________________ No____	0.815	3.93 ____ 290	3,4
Camphor--------------------------------- 150	200 ____________ 871 No________	0.999	5.24	354	408	1,2,3,4
Camphor oil (light)--------------------- 117	125 ____________________ No____	0.88 ___________ 347-392	2,3,4
Carbitol-.------------------------------ 201	215 ____________________ No____	0.99	4.62 ____ 396	1,3,4
Carbitol acetate--_--------------------- 225	230 ____________________ No____	1.013	6.07 ____ 424	1,3,4
Carbon disulfide-----1__________________ -22 ________ 1.0	50	257 No____	1.256	2.64	-167	114	1,3,4
Carbon monoxide------------------------ Gas __________ 12.5	74.2	1,204 No__________ 0.967 -339	-314 _____
Carbonyl sulfide----- Carbon oxysulfide_______________ 11.9	28.5 ______________ 1.24	2.10	-216	122	1,3,4
Carnauba wax____________________________ 540	595 ________________________________________ 185 ________ 1,3,4
Castor oil------------------------------ 445	545 ____________ 840 Yes_______	0.96 _____ 10	595	1,2,3,4
Cellosolve----------- Ethyl Cellosolve_ 104	120	2.6	15.7	460 No____	0.931	3.10 _____ 275	3,4
Cellosolve acetate---------------------- 124	135	1.71 ____ 715 No________	0.975	4.72 _____ 313	3,4
Charcoal------------- Carbon___________________ __________________________ Yes___	3.51 _____>6,300	7,600	1
Chlorobenzene.------- Phenyl chloride___ 90 ______________________________ No____	1.11	3.88	—49	270	2,3,4
Chloroethyl acetate_____________________ 129 ____________________________________ 1.178	4.21 _____ 293	1,2,3,4
Chloroform.._________ Trichloromethane__ Nonflammable ____________________ No____	1.489	4.13	—82	142 _____
Coal tar pitch__________________________ 405	490 _____________________________________________________ 1,2,3,4
Coconut oil---------------------------- 420	510 ____________________ Yes___	0.91 _____ 72 _________ 1,2,3,4
Corn oil-------------------------------- 490 _____________________________ Yes___	0.92 _____ 14 _________ 1,2,3,4
Cottonseed oil-------------------------- 590 _____________________ 650 Yes_______	0.925 ____ 15-30 ______ 1,2,3,4
Creosote oil---------------------------- 165	185 ____________ 637 No________	>1 _____________ 382-752	1,2,3,4
o-Cresol-------------o-Methylphenol_____ 178 _____________________________ No____	1.05	3.72	88	376	1,2,3,4
p-Cresol.....-------- Cresylic acid---- 187 ______________________________ No____	1.04	3.72	95	395	1,3,4
Crotonaldehyde-------------------------- 55 _________ 2.95	15.5 _______ No____	0.853	2.41	-92	216	3,4
Crotonylene------------------------------------------ 1.37 ....._____________________________________ 83	2,3,4
Cyanamide------------------------------- 285	405 ___________________________ 1.073	1.45	113	500	1,3,4
Cyclohexane----------------------------- 1 __________ 1.31	8.35 ______ No____	0.779	2.90	43	176	2,3,4
Cyclohexanol--------- Hexalin___________ 154 ______'._____________________ No___	0.962	3.45	75	322	1,2,3,4
Cyclohexanone--------------------------- 147 _____________________________ No____	0.947	3.38	—50	313	3,4
A-Cyclohexanone_________________________ 93 ....2_________________________ No___________ 3.31 ...__________ 3,4
Cyciohexyl acetate--- Hexalin acetate__ 136 ______________________________ No___________ 4.90 _____________ 2,3,4
Cyclopropane--------- Trimethylene_____ Gas .'.______ 2.41	10.3 _______ No___________ 1.45	—195	—29 ______
p-Cymene-------------------------------- 117	145 ____________ 921 No________	0.86	4.62	-101	334	2,3,4
Decahydronaphthalene_ Decalin__________ 136 _______,______________ 504 No________	0.895	4.76	—194	379	2,3,4
Decane, n------------------------------- 115 ________ 0.67	2.6	>500 No____	0.730	4.90	-26	344	2.3.4
Denatured alcohol, 95%------------------ 60 ______________________________ No____	0.82	1.60	-60	175	3,4
Diacetone alcohol (comml.)______________ 48	55 ____________________ No____	0.931	4.00 _____ 329	3,4
274514°—40---8
113
TM 3-250
CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE
114
Flashpoint, °F.	% vol. in Air Auto-igni- biluVto sPecific Vapor Melting Bolling Suitable
Nam.	Synonyms ------------------------------T‘“ s’SS	“S ‘ g«ng
LCllip., nonnc k v» dbcl V.2kil	op	op gui&uiiig
C1cupd' °cPuep’ Lower Upper °F’ H=g L00)	1,00)	AgentS
Diamy] phthalate_______________________ 245	340 ______________________________________________ 648	1,2,3,4
Dianisidine____________________________________ 403 __________________________________________ 269 _______ 1,3,4
Dibenzyl ether_________________________________ 275 _____________________ No____	1.036	6.82	41	568	1,2,3,4
Dibutyl ether, n-______________________ 77 ______________________________ No____	0.769	4.48 _____ 286	3,4
Dibutyl oxalate, n-____________________ 220 _____________________________ No____	1.01 _________________ 1,2,3,4
Dibutyl phthalate, n-____________-.......  315	335 ___________________ No____	1.045	9.58 _____ 690	1,2,3,4
Dibutyl phthalate, iso-________________________ 322 _____________________ No___________ 9. 58 ____________ 1, 2, 3, 4
Dibutyl tartrate, n-______________________ 195	230	___________________ No____	1.098	9.03	72	650	1,2,3,4
o-Dichlorobenzene_________________________ 151	165	____________________ No___	1.325	5.07	2	354	1,2,3,4
p-Dichlorobenzene_________________________ 150	165	___________________ No____	1.458	5.07	127	345	1,3,4
Dichlorodifluoromethane_ Freon, F-12___________ Nonflammable ____________ No________________________ —21. 5 _____
1,1-Dichloroechylene______ 1, 1-Dichloroethene_	57 __ 5.6	13	856 No___	1.250	3.35 _____ 98.6	1,2,3,4
1,2-Dichloroethylene_Acetylene dichloride______	43 -- 9.7	12.8 ------ No.——	1.282	3.35	—113	141	1,2,3,4
Dichloroethyl ether, sym-______________ 131	185 ____________ 696 No_______	1.22	4.93	-58	352	1,2,3,4
Dichloroisopropyl ether________________________ 185 ______________________ No___	1.113 __________ 369	1,2,3,4
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane_ F-114_______ Nonflammable _____________________ No_______________________ 38.5 ________
Diethanolamine_________________________________ 280 ______________ 1224 No______	1.097	3.65	82	514	1,3,4
Diethylaminoethanol________________-___________ 140 _____________________ No____	0.885 ---------- 322	3,4
Diethyl Carbitol_______________________________ 180 _____________________ No____	0.908 __________ 367	1,3,4
Diethyl carbonate_________,____________ 77 _______________________________ No___	0.977	4.07	-45	259	2,3,4
Diethyl Cellosolve_____________________________ 95 _______________________ No___	0.842 __________ 251	3,4
Diethyldiphenylurea____________________________ 302 ------------------------------------------------------ 1,2,3,4
Diethyleneglycol_______________________________ 255	290 __________ 444 No_______	1.119	3.66	21	472	1,3,4
Diethylene oxide__________ Dioxane_____ 65 __________ 1.97	22.2 ____________ 1.035	3.03	50	214	3,4
Diethylene triamine____________________________ 215 ____________________________ 0.954	3.48 ---...	404	1,3,4
Diethyl ether.'___________ Ether_______________ -20 _ 1.7	48.0	366 No___	0.071	2.55	-177	95	3,4
Diethyl glycophthalate_________________________ 343 ------------------------------------------------------ 1,3,4
p-Diethyl phthalate____________________ 243	305 ___________________________ 1.110	7.66	112	576	1,2,3,4
Diethyl selenide_____________________________________ 2.5 _______________ No____	1.23	4.73 _____ 226	1,2,3,4
Diethyl sulfate________________________________ 220 ______________________ No___	1.184	5.31	-12	406	1,2,3,4
Diglycol chlorohydrin____________________,_____ 225 --------------------- No----	1.172 ---------- 387	1, 3, 4
Dimethoxy tetraglycol__________________________ 285 --------------------- No----	1.013 ---------- 528	1,3,4
TM 3-250
STORAGE AND SHIPMENT OF DANGEROUS CHEMICALS
Dimethylaniline--------------------------- 145	170 _____________ 700 No_________	0.956	4.17	36	379	1,2,3,4
p-Dimethylcyelohexane_ Hexahydroxylol_____ 52 ________________________________ No_____	0.77	3.86	—123	248	2,3,4
Dimethyl ether________ Methyl ether_____....	—42 ____________________________ No____________ 1.617	—216	—11	3,4
Dimethyl glycophthalate_......I.........._....	369 ...________________________ No____________ 9.72 _______...'___ 1,3,4
o-Dimethyl phthalate----------.----------- 295	325 __________________;__ No_____	1.189	6.69 ______ 540	1, 2, 3, 4
Dimethylsulfate------- Methyl sulfate__L— 182	240 _______________No____________	1.332	4.35	-16	370	1,2,3,4
2,4-Dinitroaniline-,-----..........._„____ 435	510 ____________________________ 1.615	6.31	370	____ 1,3,4
Dinitrobenzene----------------------,----- 302 ______.________________________________ 1.59	5.79	243	605	1,3,4
Dinitrochlorobenzene----------.__________-	382	405 _____________________.....___ 1.68	6.98	109 ______ 1,3,4
2, 4-Dinitrotoluene-------------------------------------------------□_________ No_____	1.52	6.27	158	572	1,3.4
Diphenyl---------------------------------- 235	255 _____________________ No_____	1.041	5.31	158	491	1,3.4
Diphenylamine----------------------------- 307 _______________________________ No_____	1.16	5.82	127	575	1,3,4
Diphenylmethane------- Ditane_____________ 266 _______________________________ No_____	1.006	5.79	79	508	1,2,3,4
Diphenyl oxide-------- Diphenyl ether_____ 239 _______________________________ No_____	1.073	5.86	81	500	1,2,3,4
Dipropylene glycol____ ___________________________ 280 ___________u._...______ No_____	1.040 ____________ 372	1,3,4
Divinylether----------.... Vinylether_____ <-22 ______....	1.7	27.0	680 No____	0.774 ___________ 102	3,4
Dodecane-------------- Dihexyl------------ 165 __________ 0.6 ________________ No_____	0.750	5.86	10	421	1,2,3,4
Ester gum------------------,-------------- 375	555 _____________________ No___________________ 285	495	1,3,4
Ethane------------------------------------ Gas __________ 3.12	15.0	950 No___________ 1.049	- 278	-128	______
Ethanolamine----------------.--------------------- 200 .._____________________ No_____	1.02	2.10	51	342	1,3,4
Ethyl acetanilide___■„___L—_______________ 126 .________.____.________________________ 0.94 2	4.72 ______ 400	2,3,4
Ethyl acetate--------- Aceticether________ 24	30	2.18	11.5	907 No____	0.899	3.04	-116	171	3,4
Ethyl acetoacetate_•__ Acetoacetic ester__ 184 _______________________________ No_____	1.03	4.48	— 48	356	1,3,4
Ethyl alcohol--------- Ethanol------------ 55 ___________ 3.28	19	799 No____	0.79	1.59	-178	173	1,3,4
Ethylbenzene..--.----- Phenylethane_______ 59	75 _____________________ No_____	0.868	3.66 -134	277	2,3,4
Ethyl bromide...------ Bromoethane----------------------- 6.75	11.25	952 No____	1.430	3.76	-182	100	1,3,4
Ethyl butyl carbonate--------------------.	122 ___________________________ No____________ 5.03 _____________..	2,3,4
Ethyl butyrate---------------------------- 78	85 _____________________ No_____	0.879	4.00	-135	248	3,4
Ethyl chloride________ Chloroethane.______ —58	— 45	3.6	14.8 _______ No_____	0.910	2.22	— 220	54	3,4
Ethylene---------------------------------- Gas__________ 3.02	34	1009 No___________ 0.975	- 272	-155	______
Ethylene chlorohydrin...__________________________ 140 _______________________ No_____	1.213	2.78	-94	264	1,3,4
Ethylene diamine-------------------------- 93	110 ____________________ No_____	0.890	2.07	47	241	3,4
Ethylene dichloride--- 1,2-Dichloroethane_	56	65	6.2	15.9	775 No____	1.258	3.42	—33	183	1,2,3,4
Ethyleneglycol-------- Glycol_____________ 232	240 _____________ 775 No_________	1.113	2.14	3	387	1,3,4
Ethylene oxide------------------------------------------- 3	80	804 No......	0.887	1.52	-168	51	3,4
Ethyl formate-----•.---------------------- -4	10	3.5	16.5 _______ No_____	0.922	2.55	-112	130	2,3,4
Ethyl glycol acetate---------------------- 117 ------------------------------- No____________ 4.55 _____... _T___	3,4
Ethyllactate--------x..------------------- 115 ------------------------------- No_____	1.03	4.41 _____ 309	3,4
Ethyl nitrate--------- Nitric ether------- 50	50	3.8 ______________ No_____	1.105	3.14	-152	190	2,3,4
115
TM 3-250
CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE
'	Flash Pnint ° f Explosive Limits,	a„c„QK1fi
riasnromt, e.	% by Vol. in Air Auto-igni-	Specific Vapor	„ TO„n5„„ Suitable
„	tion blllty to (A: jt Dnnsitv Meltlng Boiling Fvtin-
Name	Synonyms----------------------------------tXpSpent*- (^avity Density p t> Point, Extin^
01cupd' °cPupn’ Lower Upper ° F‘ Heating	1,00)	’	’ AgentS
Ethyl nitrite_________ Nitrous ether______ —31	—30	3.01	>50	________ No____	0.900	2.59 ______ 63	2,3,4
Ethyl oxalate__________________________________________________________________ No____	1.080	5.04	—40	367	1,3,4
Ethyl phthallyl ethyl gly- _______________ 365	385 _____________________________ >1 ________________________ 1,2,3,4
collate.
Ethyl propionate__________________________ 54 _________________________________ No____	0.891	3.52	—99	210	2,3,4
Ethyl p-toluene sulfonamide_______________ 260	380 ________________________________________________________ 1,3,4
Ethyl p-toluene sulfonate_________________ 316 ___________________________________________________________________ 1,2, 3, 4
Formaldehyde (soln, of gas Methanol_______ 130	200 _____________ 806 No________________ 1.03	—134	—6	3,4
in water).
Fuel oil No. 1________ Range oil__________ 100-165 ___________________ 490 No_________	<1 ____________________ 2,3,4
Fuel oil No. 2__’.________________________ 110-190 ___________________ 494 No_________	<1 ____________________ 2,3,4
Fuel oil No. 3____________________________ 125-200 ___________________ 498 No_________	<1 ____________________ 2,3,4
Fuel oil No. 4____________________________ 150 +	250 _____________ 505	No____	<1 ____________________ 1,2,3,4
Fuel oil No. 5____________________________ 150+_______________________________. No____	<1 ____________________ 1,2,3, 4
Fuel oil No. 6____________________________ 150+	320 _____________ 765	No____	<1 ____________________ 1,2,3,4
Furfural__________________________________ 140	155	2.1 ______ 739 No_________	1.159	3.31	-36	322	1,2,3,4
Gas, blast furnace..------------------------------------- 35	74	________ No______________________________________
Gas, coal gas____________________________________________ 5.3	31	1200 No______________________________________
Gas, illuminating________________________________________ 5.3	31	1094 No______________________________________
Gas, natural_______________________________________________ 4.8	13.5 _________ No_____________________________________
Gas, oil_________________________________________________ 6.0	13.5	637 No_______________________________________
Gas, producer______________________________________________ 20.7	73.7 ________.No______________________________________
Gas, water_________________________________________________ 9.0	55.0 _________ No_____________________________________
Gasoil_____________________,______________	150+------------------- 640 No.........	<1 ____________________ 1,2,3,4
Gasoline__________________________________ -50 __________ 1.3	6	495 No____	0.75	3-4 <-50 100-400	2,3,4
Glycerol______________ Glycerin___________ 320	350 _____________ 739 No_________	1.26	3.17	64	554	1,3,4
Glyceryl triacetate___ Triacetin__________ 280	295 _____________________ No____	1.161	7.52	—108	496	1,2,3,4
Glycol diacetate______ Ethylene acetate___________ 220 ________________________ No____	1.100	4.53	— 24	370	1,2,3,4
Heptane, n-_______________________________ 25	______ 1	6	452	No____	0.683	3.45	-130	208	2,3,4
Hexane, n-...-.___________________________ -7	...i__ 1.25	6.90	477	No____	0.661	2.97	-137	156	3,4
Hexyl acetate_________ Ethyl butyl acetate_	135 --------------------------- No_____	0.83	4.97 ______ 290	3,4
Hexyl acetate_________ Methyl amyl acetate_	113 ___________________________ No_____	0.855	4.97 ______ 285	3,4
116
TM 3-250
Hexyl alcohol, n-------- Hexanol, n------- 145 __________________________ No____	0.82	3.52	-62	311	3,4
Hexyl alcohol-------- Ethyl butyl alcohol_	137 _________________________ No____	0.818	3.52 _____ 275	3,4
Hexyl alcohol-------- Methyl amyl alcohol_	114 _________________________ No____	0.804	3.52	_____ 266	3,4
Hydrocyanic acid----------------------- 0 ___________ 5.6	40	1000 No___	0.697	0.9	10	79 ______ w
Hydrogen------------------------------- Gas --------- 4.1	74.2	1076 No__________ 0.069	-435	-422 ______ g
Hydrogen sulfide-------■--------------- Gas _________ 4.3	45.5 ______ No___________ 1.189	-117	-76 ______ §
Hydroquinone--------------------------- 329 ____________________________________ 1.332	3.81	338	545	1,3,4	>
Kerosene-------------- No. 1 fuel oil__ 100-165 __________________•	490 No___	<1 __________________ 2,3,4	§
Lanolin-------------- Wool grease------ 460	560 ____________ 833 Yes______	<1 ______ 100±_______ 1,2,3,4
Lard oil (commercial)------------------ 395 ______________________ 833 Yes______	<1 ______ 28 ________ 1,2,3,4
Linseed oil....------------------------ 435	535 ____________ 820 Yes______	0.93 _____ -2	600+ 1,2,3,4 y
Lubricating oil, cylinder---------------------- 535 ______________ 783 No_______	<1 __________________ 1,2,3,4
Lubricating oil, light machine--------- 318	370 ___________________ No____	<1 __________________ 1,2,3,4	H
Lubricating oil, motor------------------------- 450 _____________________ No____	<1 ....______________ 1,2,3,4	«
Lubricating oil, spindle--------------- 169	200 ___________________ No____	<1 __________________ 1^3,4	>
Lubricating oil, turbine-’.-------------------- 400 ______________ 700 No_______	<1 __________________ 1,2,3,4 y
Magnesium (powder or chips)*---------------------------------------------- No_________________ 1200	2048	5	fei
Manganese (powder)*- ---------------------------------------------------- No__________________ 2300	3450	5
Menhaden oil--------- ----------------- 435 ______________________ 828 Yes....2	0.927 ________________ 1,2,3,4 O
Metaldehyde---------- m-Acetaldehyde___ 97	135 ____________________ No__________ 6.06	475 _____ 1,3,4
Methane----------------- Marsh gas----- Gas --------- 5.3	13.9	999 No__________' 0.554	-300	-258	. ___ y
Methoxy ethyl phthalate_ Methox________ 275	370 ____________________ No_______________________ ...._ 1,2,3,4 P»
Methyl acetate------------------------- 15	20	4.1	13.9	935 No___	0.925	2.56	-146	140	3,4
Methyl acetoacetate--- ----------„----- 180 ______________________________ No___	1.077	4.00	82	338	1,2,3,4	§
Methyl alcohol------- Methanol--------- 54	60	6.0	36.5	878 No___	0.792	1.11	-144	147	3,4 W
Methylamine---------------------------- 0	10 ___________ ________ No___	0.699 ____ -134	19	3,4	2
Methyl bromide------- Bromomethane----- Practically non- 13.5	14.5 _______ No___	1.732	3.27	-135	40	_____ S
flammable
Methyl n-butyl ketone- Hexanone---------------- 95	1.22	8.0 _______ No___	0.830	3.45	- 70	262	2.3,4 h
Methyl isobutyl ketone- Hexanone------- 73 ______________________________ No____	0.803	3.45	-121	244	2,3,4 td
Methyl butyrate------------------------ 57 ------------------------------ No____	0.898	3.52 <-142	215	2,3,4	2
Methyl Carbitol-------------------------------- 200 _____________________ No____	1.035	4.14 _____ 379	1,3,4 q
Methyl Cellosolve---------------------- 107	115 ____________ 551 No_______	0.966	2.62 _____ 255	3,4
Methyl Cellosolve acetate----------------- 132	140 ___________________ No____	1.005	4.07 _____ 289	3,4
Methyl chloride-------- Chloromethane__ Gas _________ 8.2	19.7 ______ No____	0.92	1.78	—142	—11
Methylcyclohexane---------------------- 25 __________ 1.15 ______________ No____	0.770	3.38	-195	214	2,3,4
Methylcyclohexanol-- Methyl Hexalin___	154	_________________________ No____	0.933	3.93 _____ 329	1,2,3,4
Methyleyclohexanone----------------------- 118	__________________________ No___	0.925	4.86 _____ 325	2,3,4
♦Indicates hydrogen will be liberated when in contact with water.
117
TM 3-250
CHEMICAL WARFARE
SERVICE
Flash Point, ° F. % by Vol. in Air’ Auto-igni- bflTuto sPeciflc VaP°r Melting Boiling Suitable --------------------------Tx, »° w=y w* at C1c°upd' °cupn' Lower Upper ° F‘ Heat*g L00)	1’00)	AgentS
Methyl cyclohexyl acetate______________ 147 __________-___________________ No___________ 5.37 _____________ 2,3,4
Methylene chloride------ Dichloromethane_ Practically non- _______ 1224 No_______	1.336	2.93	—143	104	1,2,3,4
flammable
Methyl ethyl ether----------------------- -35 ________ 2	10.1	374 No____	0.697	2.07 _____ 50	3,4
Methyl ethyl ketone---------------------- 30 _________ 1.81	11.5 ____ No____	0.805	2.41	-123	176	3,4
Methyl formate-------------------------- -2 __________ 5.0	22.7	840 No____	0.975	2.07	-148	90	3,4
Methyl glycol---------------------------- 97 _____________________________ No___________ 2.62 _____________ 3,4
Methyl glycol acetate___________________ 111 _________.___________________ No___________ 4.07 _____________ 3, 4
Methyl phthallyl ethyl glycol- ___________ 375	380 ___________________ No____	>1 __________________ 1,2,3,4
late.
Methyl propionate----------------------- 28 ______________________________ No____	0.915	3.03	-126	176	2,3,4
Methyl n-propyl ketone- Pentanone______________ 60	1.55	8.15 ______ No____	0.812	2.96	-108	216	3,4
Methyl salicylate---- Oil of Wintergreen_	214	225 ___________ 850 No________	1.182	5.24	18	432	1,2,3,4
Mineral seal oil (typical)______________ 170	255 ___________________ No___l__________________________ 1,2,3,4
Monocresyl diphenyl phos- ..._____________ 450	450 ___________________ No____	>1 __________________ 1,2,3,4
phate.
Monofluorotrichloromethane.— E-ll________ Nonflammable..__________________ No________________________ 76
Mustard oil----------------------------- 566 ----------------------------- Yes___	1.02 ____________ 300	1,2,3,4
Naphtha, coal tar------ Hi-Flash naphtha_	100-110 ________________ 900-950 No____	<1 _____ <-50 300-400	2,3,4
Naphtha, safety solvent_ Stoddard solvent, mineral 100-110 _ 1.1	6.0	450-500 No__	<1 _____ <—50 300-400	2,3,4
spirits.
Naphtha, V. M. & P--- Benzine--------....	20-45 ___________ 1.2	6.0	450-500 No__	<1 _____ <-50 212-320	2,3,4
Naphthalene----------------------------- 174	190	0.9 _____ 1053 No_______	1.145	4.42	176	424	1,3,4
0-Naphthol------------------------------ 307	340 ___________________ No____	1.22	4.97	252	547	1,3,4
a-Naphthylamine------------------------- 315 ---------------------•_______ No____	1.171	4.93	122	572	1,3,4
Neat’s-foot oil--------------------------- 470 ------------------- 828 Yes_______	0.92 _____ 84-106 _____ 1,2,3,4
p-Nitroaniline__________ Paranitraniline_ 390	390 __________________________ 1.437 ______ 295	>545	1,3,4
Nitrobenzene----------------------------- 190 ____________________ 924 __________ 1.2	4.25	42	412	1,2,3,4
p-Nitrochlorobenzene____________________   261	    1.52	5.43	181	468	1,3,4
Nitroglycerin________ Glyceryl trinitrate_ Explodes_______________ 518 No________	1.601	7.84 ________________...
a-Nitronaphthalene...-------------------   327	  1.331	5.96	140	579	1,3,4
p- Nitrotoluene--------------------------- 223	  1.286	4.72	126	460	1,3,4
118
TM 3-250
STORAGE AND SHIPMENT OF DANGEROUS CHEMICALS
m-Nitro-p-Toluidine--------------------- 315	345 ____________ _______ ______ 1.312	5.24	241 ______ 1,3,4
Nonane, n------------------------------- 88 __________ 0.74	2.9 _______ No____	0.718	4.41	-60	302	3,4
Octane, n-----------------------._------ 56 ---------- 0.84	3.2	450 No___	0.706 3.86	- 69	257	3,4
Octyl acetate, n--.--------------------- 180 ______________________________ No____	0.885	5.93	-37	410	1,2,3,4
Octyl alcohol, n--.------------------A...	178 __________________________ No____	0.827	4.48	3	381	2,3,4
Octyl aldehyde-------------------------- 125 ______________________________. No___	0.821	4.41 ___...	350	2,3,4
Oleic acid----------- Red oil----------- 372 ______________________.	685 Yes__	0.891 ____ 13	432	1,2,3,4
Oleooil--------------J,-----------------------------..-------------------- Yes____	0.915 _____ 2	464	1, 2, 3, 4
Olive oil------------------------------- 437 ______________________ 826	Yes___	0.910 _____ 21 _________ 1,2,3,4
Ozocerite------------------------------- 236	315 ____________________ No____	0.95 _____ 136-230 ____ 1,3,4
Palm oil-------------------------------- 421 ______________________ 650	Yes___	0.92 _____ 100 ________ 1,2,3,4
Paraffin wax---------------------------- 390	430 ____________ 473 No________	0.9	______ 122	>700	1,3,4
Paraformaldehyde------------------------ 158	200 ____________________ No__________________ 248 sub. __ 1,3,4
Paraldehyde..--------------------------- 78	90	1.3 _____ 466 No________	0.994	4.55	52	255	1,3,4
Peanut oil------------------------------ 540 _______________________ 833 Yes______	0.92 _____ 37 _________ 1,2,3,4
Pentane, n------------------------------ <-40 _________ 1.4	8.0	588 No___	0.631	2.48	- 206	97	2,3,4
Perillaoil------------------------------ 522 ______________________________ Yes___	0.93 ....... 23	______ 1,2,3,4
Petroleum, crude------------------------ 20-90 ____________________________ No_____	<1 ___________________ 2,3,4
Petroleum ether------------------------- -50 __________ 1.4	5.9	475 No___	0.64	2.50 <-100 100-160	3,4
Phenanthrene------------1----------------------------------- -------------- No____	1.063	6.14	212	644 _____
Phenol--------------- Carbolic acid----- 175	185 ____________ 1319 No_______	1.07	3.24	108	358	1,3,4
Phenyl Cellosolve------------------------------- 250 _____________________ No_____	1.109 __________ 473	3,4
p-Phenylene diamine--------------------- 312	310 ____________________ No___________ 3.72	284	512	1,3,4
Phenyl ethyl alcohol-------------------- 216 _____________________________ No_____	1.024	4.21 _____ 430	1,2,3,4
Phosphorus (red)--------------1------------------------------------ 500 No________	2.30 _____ 1337 _______ 1
Phosphorus (yellow)...,-------------------------------------------- 86 No_________	1.82 _____ 112	549	1
Phosphorus sesquisulflde_______________________ _________________...	212 No___	2.03 _____ 342	765	1
Phthalic anhydride--------t------------- 305	330 ____________________ No____	1.527	5.10	262	543	1,3,4
Picric acid---------- Trinitrophenol----Explodes __________________ <572 No_______	1.763	7.90	250 ______ 1
Pine oil________________________________ 172	175 ____________________ Yes___	0.86 __________________ 1,2,3,4
Pine pitch------------------.___________ 285 ______________________________ Yes_________________ 148	490	1,3,4
Pine resin___________ Colophony_________ 370	430 ___________________ Yes____	1.08 _____ 212-300 ____ 1,3,4
Pinetar____________________.____________ 130	255 ____________ 671 Yes___________________________ 208	2,3,4
Pinetaroil_______________...r_____...;._ 144 _______'.__________________.... Yes._	0.862 _________________ 3,4
Potassium* __-------------------------------------------------------------- No____	0.862 ____ 144	1396	5
Potassium xanthate______________________ 205 ________________ 9.5 _________ No____	1.558 _.... >392d. ____ 1,3,4
Propane-----------------------------.___ Gas _________ 2.37	9.5	871 No__________ 1.56	-310	-45 ______
Propyl acetate, n----------------------- 58 __________ 2.0 ________________ No____	0.886	3.52	—134	215	2,3.4
Indicates hydrogen will be liberated when in contact with water.
119
TM 3-250
CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE
120
Flash Point, ° F. ^yVohYn™^’ Autp-igni-	Specific Vapor Melti Boiling SuitabIe
Name	Synonyms	—------------------------Tempg^g
cup cupn‘ Lower Upper °F* H“Xg	Ag°nts
Propyl acetate, iso----------------------- 43	45	2.0	  860	No____	0.877	3.52	-99	194	2,3,4
Propyl alcohol, n------------------------- 59	85	2.5	  812	No____	0.804	2.07	—197	207	3,4
Propyl alcohol, iso----------------------- 53	60	2.5	  852	No____	0.789	2.07	-122	181	3,4
Propyl alcohol, sec-- Dimethylcarbinol____	67 _________________________ No____	0.79	2.07	-186	116	3,4
Propylbenzene, n----------------------- 86 ----------------------------- No____	0.862	4.14	-152	316	2,3,4
Propylbenzene, iso--- Cumene----------- 102 .1_______________.__________ No____	0.864	4.14	-152	311	2,3,4
Propylene------_-----------,----------- Gas -------- 2.0	11.1 ______ No___________ 1.49	-301	-58 ____....
Propylene chlorohydrin-------------------- 125	125 ___________________ No____	1.113	3.26 _____ 261	3,4
Propylene dichloride- 1,2-Dichloropropane-	59	65	3.4	14.5	1035 No___	1.15	3.89 <-112	205	2,3*4
Propylene glycol------------------------- 210	225 ___________________ No____	1.040	2.52 _____ 370	/ 3* 4
Propylene oxide-------------------------- <20 -------------------------- No____	0.859	2.00 _____ 95	3,4
Propyl ether, iso------------------------ -18	-15 ----------- 830 No________	0.73	3.52	<-76	156	2,3,4
Propyl format, n----------------------- 27 ----------------------------- No____	0.909	3.03	-135	178	2,3,4
Propyl formate, iso-------------------- 22 ----------------------------- No____	0.873	3.03 _____ 153	2,3,4
Pyridine------------------------------- 68 --------- 1.8	12.4	1065 No___	0.982	2.73	-44	239	3,4
Pyrocatechol--------- o-Dihydroxybenzene_	261 ___________1_____________ No____	1.344	3.79	221	474	1,3,4
Quenching oil-------------------------- 365	405 ___________________ No____	0.9	__________________ 1,2* 3,4
Rapeseed oil--------------------------- 325	550 ____________ 836 Yes______	0.915 ____ 63 ________ 1,2,3,4
Resorcinol----------- m-Dihydroxybenzene-	261 _________________________ No____	1.272	3.79	230	529	1,3,4
Rosinoil------------------------------- 266 --------------------- 648 Yes.— 0.98-1.1 ___________________ 1,2,3,*4
Sodium*..--------------------------------------------------------------- No____	0.97 _____ 208	1612	5
Soybean oil---------------------------- 540 --------------------- 833 Yes______	0.925 ____ 72 _______'.. 1,2,3,4
Stearic acid----------------------------- 385	425 ------------ 743	Yes___	0.847	9.80	157	726	1,3,4
Sulfur--------------------------------- 405	440 ----------- 450 No________	2.046 ____ 234	832	1
Sulfur chloride-------------------------- 245	None ------------ 453	No____	1.687	3.31	-112	280	1,3,4
Tallow...-------------------------------- 509 -------------------------- Yes___	0.895 ____ 88-100 ____ 1,3,4
Tallow oil----------------------------- 492 ---------------------------- Yes___	0. 914 ___ 109 _______ 1, 3,4
Tannic acid----------------------------------- 390 _____________________ No_________________ 392d_______ 1
Tartaric acid------- Racemic acid_____________ 410 _____________________ No____	1.667 ____ 284 ______ 1
Tetrachloroethylene-- Perchloroethylene___ Nonflammable_________________ No____	1.623	5.72	—8	248 _____
Tetradecane---------------------------- 212 I-------	0.5	------------ No____	0.765	6.83	41	486	1,2,3,4
Tetraethyleneglycol---------------------------1	345 ___________________ No____	1.126 _________p. 621	1,3,4
TM 3-250
STORAGE AND SHIPMENT OF DANGEROUS CHEMICALS
121
Tetrahydronaphthalene- Tetralin__________ 171	180 ____________________ No____	0.973 4.55	- 24	403	1,2,3,4
Tetramethyllead------- Lead tetramethyl________________ 1.8 _______________________ 1.995	9.20	—18	230	1,2,3,4
Tetramethyltin-------- Tin tetramethyl_________________ 1.9 ________________ No____	1.314 ___________ 172	2,3,4
Toluene--------------- Toluol------------ 40	45	1.27	7.0	1026 No___	0.866	3.14	-134	232	2,3,4
o-Toluidine----------- 2-Methylaniline--- 185 ---------------------- 900 No________	0.999	3.90	3	392	1,2,3,4
p-Toluidine----------- 4-Methylaniline--- 188	205 ____________ 900 No________	0.973	3.90	111	392	1,3,4
o-Tolyl-p-toluene sulfonate______________ 363 ________________________________________________________________ 1,3,4
Transiloil-------.---- Transformer oil___________ 295 ______________________ No____	0.9	___________________ 1,2,3,4
Tributylphosphate-------------------------------- 295 ______________________ No____	0.973	8.86 <-112	560	1,2,3,4
Trichloroethylene------------------------ Nonflammable______________________ No____	1.47	4.53	-99	189 ______
o-Tricresyl phosphate-------------------- 460	504 ____________________ No_________________________ 770 d. 1,2,3,4
Triethanolamine-------------------------- 355	365 ____________ _______ No____	1.13	5.14	68	650	1,3,4
Triethyleneglycol---- Dicaproate--------- 350	385 ____________________ No____	1.125	5.17	23	550	1,3,4
Triethylene tetramine------------------------------ 260	  No___	0.982	  532	1,3,4
Triglycol diehloride------------------------------- 250	  No___	1.197	  466	1,3,4
Triisopropanolamine-------------------------------- 305	  No___	1.020	  570	1,3,4
Triphenyl phosphate---------------------- 428 ______________________________ No__________________ 122	750	1,3,4
Tung oil-------------- China wood oil---- 552 ______________________ 855 Yes_______	0.94 _____ 88 _________ 1,3,4
Turkey red oil--------------------------- 476 ______________________ 833 No___________________________________ 1,2, 3, 4
Turpentine------------------------------- 95 __________ 0.8 ________ 488 Yes_______	<1 ___________300	2,3,4
Vinylacetate----------------------------- 18	30 ____________ 800 No_________________2_________________ 2,3,4
Vinyl chloride----------------------------------------- 4	22	_______ No____	0.97	2.15	-256	57	3,4
Whale oil------------ Sperm oil---------- 446 ______________________________ Yes___	0.925 ____ 32 _________ 1,2,3,4
o-Xylene------------- o-Xylol------------ 63	75	1.0 _____ 924 No________	0.88	3.66	-17	291	2,3,4
o-Xylidine----------- O-Dimethylaniline__	206 __________________________ No____	0.99	4.17	<5	435	1,2,3,4
Zinc (dust or powder)*------------------------------------------------------ No__________________ 787	1706	5
Zirconium (powder)-------------------------------------------------- 550 No______________________ 3092	>5250	5
♦Indicates hydrogen will be liberated when in contact with water.
TM 3-250
INDEX
Chemicals:	Paragraph	Page
Acetic acid________________________________________________ 29a	45
Acetone____________________________________________________ 16a	17
Acetylene tetrachloride____________________________________ 41a	77
Acid:
Acetic_______________________________________________ 29a	45
Arsenious____________________________________________ 41d	78
Boric________________________________________________ 45a	92
Chlorsulfonic________________________________________ 295	46
Hydrochloric_________________________________________ 29c	47
Monochloracetic______________________________________ 455	92
Picric________________________________________________ 9a	5
Sulphuric____________________________________________ 29d	48
Alcohol:
Butyl________________________________________________ 16d	20
Ethyl________________________________________________ 16i	22
Methyl_______________________________________________ 16i	23
Aluminum chloride (anhydrous)_____________________________ 45c	93
Ammonium perchlorate______________________________________ 22a	29
Anhydrous ammonia_________________________________________ 35a	62
Aniline__:________________________________________________ 415	77
Antimony (powdered)_______________________________________ 45d	93
Antimony sulfide__________________________________________ 45e	93
Army black powder__________________________________________ 95	6
Arsenic trichloride_______________________________________ 41c	78
Arsenic trioxide__________________________________________ 41d	78
Arsenious acid____________________________________________ 41d	78
Bakelite varnish__________________________________________ 165	18
Barium peroxide___________________________________________ 225	30
Benzene________________________________________________ 16c, I	18, 23
Benzol (benzene)__________________________________________ 16c	18
Benzoyl chloride________________________________________   29e	49
Benzyl chloride___________________________________________ 29/	50
Benzyl cyanide____________________________________________ 45/	94
Bleach (calcium hypochlorite)_____________________________ 455	94
Boric acid________________________________________________ 45a	92
Brombenzylcyanide_________________________________________ 41e	78
Bromine___________________________________________________ 29g	50
Butyl alcohol_____________________________________________ 16d	20
CA (brombenzylcyanide)____________________________________ 41e	78
Calcium chloride (anhydrous)______________________________ 45g	94
Calcium hypochlorite (bleach)_____________________________ 455	94
Carbon (coconut shell)____________________________________ 22c	31
Carbon dioxide____________________________________________ 355	63
Carbon disulfide_______________________________________ 16e, I	20, 23
Carbon (lampblack)______________________________________   45i	95
123
TM 3-250
CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE
Chemicals—Continued.
Carbon tetrachloride-------------
Castor oil_______________________
Caustic potash___________________
Caustic soda_____________________
Celluloid________________________
Cement, rubber___________________
CG (phosgene)____________________
Charcoal (activated)-------------
Chloracetophenone________________
Chloracetophenone solution (CNB) Chloracetophenone solution (CNS). Chloracetylchloride--------------
Chlorine_________________________
Chlorpicrin______________________
Chlorsulfonic acid_______________
Chrysoidine (yellow)_____________
CN (chloracetophenone)___________
CNB (chloracetophenone solution) _ CNS (chloracetophenone solution) _ Cobalt oxide_____________________
Coconut shell carbon-------------
Coke_____________________________
Copper cyanide___________________
Copper oxide_____________________
Copperas_________________________
DA (diphenylchlorarsine) ________
Dextrin__________________________
Dimethyl sulfate_________________
Diphenylamine____________________
Diphenylaminechlorarsine_________
Diphenylchlorarsine______________
DM (diphenylaminechlorarsine)____
Ester gum________________________
Ether____________________________
Ethyl acetate____________________
Ethyl alcohol____________________
Ethylene dichloride______________
Flux (nonacid)___________________
Formaldehyde_____________________
Fuel oil_________________________
Fusel oil________________________
Gasoline_________________________
Gilsonite________________________
Glycerin_________________________
Hammer scale_____________________
HC smoke mixture_________________
Hexachlorethane__________________
Hexamethylenetetramine___________
Paragraph	Page
45/	95
45fc	95
45au	103
455/	105
22d	32
16/	21
41m	88
22e	33
41/	79
41g	80
415.	80
295	51
35c	63
41i	81
295	46
45?	95
41/	79
41g	80
415	80
45 m	96
22c	31
43a	91
45n	96
45o	96
45p	96
41fc	83
45g	97
29i	52
45r	97
41/	82
41fc	83
41/	82
45s	97
16g	21
1671	21
16/	22
16/	22
45?	97
45u	97
165	22
45al	101
16Z	23
45v	98
45w	98
45a;	98
22/	33
45g	98
452	98
124
TH 3-250
INDEX
Chemicals—Continued.	Paragraph Page
HS (mustard gas)_________________________________________ 41Z	83
Hydrochloric acid________________________________________ 29c	47
Iron (reduced)__________________________________________ 45aa	99
Kaolin__________________________________________________ 45ab	99
Kerosene_________________________________________________ 16Z	23
Kieselguhr______________________________________________ 45ac	99
Lactose________________________________________________ 45acZ	99
Lampblack._______________________________________________ 45i	95
Lead carbonate (basic)__________________________________ 45ae	99
Lead oxide (litharge)___________________________________ 45af	100
Lead oxide (red)_______________________________________ 45agr	100
Lime (hydrated)_________________________________________ 45ah	100
Lime (soda)_____________________________________________ 45ba	104
Linseed oil_____________________________________________ 45am	101
Magnesium (metallic)_____________________________________ 22g	34
Magnesium carbonate (basic)_____________________________ 45ai	100
Magnesium oxide_________________________________________ 45aj	100
Metal (Wood’s)_________________________________________ 45 a k	101
Methyl alcohol___________________________________________ 16Z	23
Mining salts_____________________________________________ 22h	34
Monochloracetic acid_____________________________________ 45b	92
Mustard gas______________________________________________ 41?	83
Naphthalene______________________________________________ 16?	23
Neat’s-foot oil_________________________________________ 45an	101
Oil:
Castor______________________________________________ 45/c	95
Fuel________________________________________________ 16fc	22
Fusel_______________________________________________ 45al	101
Linseed_____________________________________________ 45am	101
Neat’s-foot_________________________________________ 45an	101
Paraffin____________________________________________ 45ao	102
Rape________________________________________________ 45ap	102
Rosin_______________________________________________ 45aq	102
Solid________________________________________________ 22i	34
Special, inflammable_________________________________ 16?	23
Turkey red__________________________________________ 45b?	107
Oxygen__________________________________________________ 35c?	74
Paraffin____________________________________________ 16?, 45ar 23, 102
Paraffin (chlorinated)__________________________________ 45as	102
Paraffin oil____________________________________________ 45ao	102
Phosgene_________________________________________________ 41m	88
Phosphorus (red)_________________________________________ 22j	34
Phosphorus (white)_______________________________________ 22k	35
Picric acid_____________________________________________   9a	5
Potassium carbonate_____________________________________ 45a?	103
Potassium chlorate_______________________________________ 22?	36
Potassium hydrate_______________________________________ 45au	103
125
TM 3-250
■CHEMICAL, WARFARE SERVICE
Chemicals—Continued.	Paragraph Page
Potassium iodide---------------------------------------- 45av	103
Potassium permanganate__________________________________ 22 m	37
Powder, .30 caliber smokeless_______________________________ 9c	8
Powder, 12-inch smokeless___________________________________ 9d	9
Powder meal (Army black powder)_____________________________ 9b	6
Rape oil__________________________________________________ 45ap	102
Rosin oil_________________________________________________ 45ao	102
Rubber cement______________________________________________ 16/	21
Salt (sodium chloride)------------------------------------ 45be	105
Selenium__________________________________________________ 45aw	103
Shellac (orange)__________________________________________ 45ax	104
Silica gel________________________________________________ 45ay	104
Silicon tetrachloride______________________________________ 29/	53
Smoke mixture, FS_________________________________________ 29fc	54
Smoke mixture, HC__________________________________________ 22/	33
Soda ash (sodium carbonate)_______________________________ 45az	104
Soda lime_________________________________________________ 45ba	104
Sodium (metallic)__________________________________________ 22o	38
Sodium bicarbonate________________________________________ 45bb	104
Sodium bichromate_________________________________________ 45bc	105
Sodium bisulfite__________________________________________ 45bd	105
Sodium carbonate__________________________________________ 45az	104
Sodium chlorate____________________________________________ 22n	37
Sodium chloride (salt)____________________________________ 45be	105
Sodium cyanide_____________________________________________ 41n	90
Sodium fluoride____________________________________________ 41o	90
Sodium hydrate____________________________________________ 45b/	105
Sodium hypochlorite_______________________________________ 45bg	106
Sodium hyposulfite________________________________________ 45bh	106
Sodium nitrite_____________________________________________ 22p	38
Sodium permanganate________________________________________ 22q	38
Sodium peroxide____________________________________________ 22r	39
Sodium silicate (powdered)________________________________ 45bi	106
Solid oil__________________________________________________ 22i	34
Stannic chloride___________________________________________ 29Z	55
Sulfur dichloride__________________________________________ 29m	56
Sulfur dioxide_____________________________________________ 35e	74
Sulfur monochloride________________________________________ 29n	57
Sulfur trioxide____________________________________________ 29o	58
Sulphur____________________________________________________ 43b	91
Sulphuric acid_____________________________________________ 29d	48
Tar (water gas)___________________________________________ 45b/	107
Tetrachlorethane___________________________________________ 41a	77
Thermit (modified)_______________________________________ 45bfc	107
Titanium tetrachloride_____________________________________ 29p	59
Trinitrotoluene_____________________________________________ 9e	10
Turkey red oil____________________________________________ 45bZ	107
Varnish, bakelite__________________________________________ 16b	18
126
TM 3-250
INDEX
Chemicals—Continued.	Paragraph Page
Wood’s metal___________________________________________ 45aA:	101
Zinc chloride____________________________________________ 456m	107
Zinc dust------------------------------------------------ 45bn	108
Zinc oxide_______________________________________________ 456o	108
Classification:
Explosives__________________________________________________ 5	4
General________________________________________________ 2	1
Inflammable liquids________________________________________ 12	11
Toxic chemicals____________________________________________ 37	75
Definitions:
Compressed gases___________________________________________ 31	60
Corrosive liquids__________________________________________ 24	39
Inflammable liquids________________________________________ 11	11
Inflammable solids and oxidizing liquids___________________ 18	24
Packing and shipping:
Compressed gases___________________________________________ 33	60
Corrosive liquids__________________________________________ 27	42
Explosives__________________________________________________ 7	5
Inflammable liquids________________________________________ 14	'	11
Inflammable solids and oxidizing liquids___________________ 20	24
Toxic chemicals____________________________________________ 39	76
Purpose of manual_______________________________________________ 1	1
References______________________________________________________ 3	2
Storage and handling:
Compressed gases___________________________________________ 32	60
Corrosive liquids______________________________________ 25, 26	40
Explosives__________________________________________________ 6	5
Inflammable liquids________________________________________ 13	11
Inflammable solids and oxidizing liquids___________________ 19	24
Toxic chemicals____________________________________________ 38	76
Surveillance:
Compressed gases___________________________________________ 34	62
Corrosive liquids__________________________________________ 28	45
Explosives________________________________________________   8	5
Inflammable liquids_______________________________________  15	17
Inflammable solids and oxidizing liquids___________________ 21	29
Toxic chemicals____________________________________________ 40	77
[A. G. 062.11 (7-26-40).]
By order of the Secretary of War:
G. C. MARSHALL,
Chief of Staff.
Official :
E. S. ADAMS,
Major General,
The Adjutant General.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1940
127
NTSU LIBRARY