[Hungarian]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]
w 1.35 -3o-31G
Document Reserve
2 HOUR BUILDING USE ONLY
Hungarian Language Guide
TM 30-316
W I.35'. 30-31U
HUNGARIAN
LANGUAGE GUIDE
INTRODUCTORY series
U OF NT LIBRARIES 76203
TM 30-316
HUNGARIAN
A GUIDE TO THE SPOKEH LANGUAGE
WAR DEPARTMENT WASHINGTON, DECEMBER 28, 1943
WAR DEPARTMENT Washington 25, D.C., 28 December 1943.
TM 30-316, Hungarian Language Guide, to be used with the Introductory Series Language Records, is published for military personnel only, and is not to be republished in whole or in part without the consent of theWar Department.
[A. G. 300.7 (3 Mar 43)]
By order of the Secretary of War:
G. C. MARSHALL,
Chief of Staff.
official:
J. A. ULIO,
Major General, The Adjutant General.
distribution:
X.
(For explanation of symbols, see FM 21-6.)
CONTENTS
PAGE
How to Use the Records and Guide........ 5
Hints on Pronunciation................... 7
Special Points........................... 9
Useful Words and Phrases................ 11
Greetings and General Phrases......... 11
Location.............................. 14
Directions............................ 15
Numbers............................... 16
What’s This?.......................... 20
Asking for Things..................... 20
Money................................. 24
Time.................................. 25
Other Useful Phrases.................. 28
Additional Expressions................ 29
Fill-in Sentences....................... 33
Important Signs......................... 46
Alphabetical Word List.................. 49
AS SOON AS I TURN MY BACK THOSE GUYS GET A GAME GOING/
HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE GUIDE
Hungarian is spoken by about 13 million people in Hungary and the adjoining sections of Rumania and Yugoslavia. This Language Guide will enable you to ask directions, buy things or order a meal in these regions.
How to Use the Records and Guide
This Guide is not intended to give you a complete command of Hungarian. For a thorough course write to the United States Armed Forces Institute, Madison, Wisconsin. This handbook will, however, enable you to carry on simple conversations in the language.
The records that go with this Guide give you a number of the most important words and phrases in Hungarian. Read the section called Hints on Pronunciation and then listen to the records until you know the Useful Words and Phrases by heart. Repeat each word out loud right after you hear it and say it exactly the way the Hungarian speaker does. Imitate the pronunciation as closely as you can, just as you might mimic someone who has an unusual accent.
5
Try to get every detail of the pronunciation, even the rhythm and intonation. Follow the words in your Guide but use them only as a reminder, if you hear something different from what you see written, go by what you hear. Remember that you can’t get the sound oj a language from the printed word alone—you have to use your ears even more than your eyes. If you don’t have the records and can’t get a Hungarian speaker to read the words, you will have to rely on the Hints on Pronunciation alone.
By the time you have practiced the Useful Words and Phrases several times, you will know what sound each letter stands for in the Guide. You will then be able to pronounce the Additional Expressions even though you have not actually heard them, and you will be able to form sentences of your own by using the section called Fill-in Sentences.
YOU HAVE TO USE YOUR
EARS EVEN MORE THAN
YOUR EYES/
Hints on Pronunciation
All the words and phrases are written in a spelling which you read like English. Each letter or combination of letters is used for the sound it normally represents in English and it always stands for the same sound. Thus, “oo” is always to be read as in too, boot, tooth, roost, never as anything else. Say these words and then pronounce the vowel sound by itself. That is the sound you must use every time you see "oo” in the Pronunciation column. If you should use some other sound—for example, the one in blood or the one in door—you might be misunderstood.
Syllables that are accented—that is, pronounced louder than others—are written in capital letters. Hungarian words are always accented on the first syllable. Curved lines (v) are used to show sounds that are pronounced together without any break; for example, "N^YOALTS” meaning "eight.”
7
The words are written in a simplified spelling, like this...
BUTTE.... BJTOOT PHOENIX-- FEE-niks PHILADELPHIA—pl-a-DELF-ip POUGHKEEPSIE— po-KIP-see SIOUX CITY...SOO-SlT-ee WORCESTER ...WOO5T- ur
SCHENECTADY- ska-NEKT-a-dee
the SYL-la-bles
that are pro-NOUNCED LOUD-er are in CAP-H-al LET-ters
SPECIAL POINTS
Here are a few points to note as you listen to the records:
EE when underlined, stands for a sound like
the ee in bee, meet, seem, except that you round your lips as you say it. Example: “VAWR-ro-tee” meaning “needle.”
I when underlined, as in bit, miss, tin, but
said with the lips rounded. Example: “KEH-ril” meaning “it costs.”
ER when underlined, as in her, fern, mercy,
but said with the lips rounded. Example: * * VEN-dayg-ler”meaning ‘ ‘restaurant.
E or EH as in met, men, bell. Example: “ID-eh” meaning “here.”
-frat bugler is O|)/ one u)ho V
/ASaiIt-WAfe/ A
DJ as in JUDGE
O or QA
DJ
N
with a dot underneath, as in go, boat, soap, except that it is very short. Example: ‘‘HOAL” meaning “where.”
stands for a sound something like the one in judge, George, joke. Listen for it on the record. Example: “EDJ” meaning “one.”
when underlined, stands for an “n” sound combined with a “y” sound, Example: “HAHN” meaning “how much” or “how many.”
10
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES
The following is the exact wording of the Hungarian language records issued with this Guide:
These records give you a few useful phrases in Hungarian. To learn to say these phrases so that you will be understood, imitate the sounds exactly as you hear them. You will hear the English first, followed by the Hungarian; then repeat the Hungarian out loud, and say it good and loud. Remember! Repeat every Hungarian phrase right after you hear it.
In the Hungarian Language Guide which should be used with these records, all the phrases you will hear are written in a simplified spelling which you read like English.
Listen to the records six or seven times and you will know the phrases by heart.
GREETINGS AND GENERAL PHRASES
English Pronunciation Hungarian
Hello SAYR-vooss Szervusz
This is an informal expression used among close friends. To a stranger you say “Good morning,”
11
“Good day,” or “Good evening," according to the time of day.
Good morning
Good day Good evening Sir
YO REG-gelt
YO NAW-ppat YO ESH-tayt OO-rawm
Jo reggelt
Jo napot
Jo estet
Uram
A less formal
My friend
Madam
Miss
way of addressing BAW-ra-t cOunbn^ his pa /
jY7 KlL-ents-ven... X
•—^6, /tC
I - J (PVl
^Wr
English Pronunciation Hungarian
Sixteen TIZ-en-HAWT tizenhat
Seventeen TIZ-en-HAYT tizenhet
Eighteen TIZ-en-YOALTS tizennyolc
Nineteen TIZ-en-KIL-ents tizenkilenc
Twenty HOOSS husz
For “twenty-one,” “twenty-two,” up through “twenty-nine,” you use the word for “twenty” plus the syllable “pan” plus the words for “one,” “two,” etc. Above “thirty,” the “oan” is omitted.
Twenty-one HOOSS-pan-EDJ huszonegy
Twenty-two HOOSS-pan-KET- huszonketto
ter
Thirty HAWR-mints harminc
Thirty-one HAWR-mints-EDJ harmincegy
Forty NED J-ven negyven j
English Pronunciation Hungarian
Fifty UT-ven dtven
Sixty H AWT-vawn hatvan
Seventy HET-ven hetven
Eighty N^Y QALTS-vawn nyolcvan
Ninety KIL-ents-ven kilencven
One hundred SAHZ szaz
WHAT’S THIS?
When you want to know the name of something you can say What’s this?” and point to the thing you mean.
what MEE mi
this EZ ez
What’s this? MEE ez? Mi ez?
ASKING FOR THINGS
When you want something, you can use the word “KAY-rek” which means “I request” or “Please.”
cigarettes TSIG-aw-ret-taht cigarettat
Cigarettes KAY-rek TSIG- Kerek cigarettat
please aw-ret-taht
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Pronunciation
Hungarian
English
matches DJOO-faht gyufat
Matches please KAY-rek DJOO-faht Kerek gyufat
You can also you need. say “I would like” and add the words
I would like SEH-ret-nayk Szeretnek
food AY-telt etelt
I would like some food SEH-ret-nayk AY-telt Szeretnek etelt
to eat EN-nee enni
I would like SEH-ret-nayk Szeretnek enni
to eat EN-nee
Here are the words for some of the things you may require. They are given in the form which is used after the words for “Please” and “I would like.”
bread KEN-yeh-ret kenyeret
butter VAW-yawt vajat
soup LEV-esht levest
stew GOO-yahsht gulyast
eggs TOY-ahsht tojast
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English Pronunciation Hungarian
fish HAW-lawt halat
meat HOOSHT hust
beef MAWR-haw-hoosht marhahust
veal BOR-yoo-hoosht borjuhust
pork DISS-no-hoosht disznohust
chicken CHEER-kayt csirket
vegetables FER-zel-ay-ket fdzeleket
potatoes BOOR-gpan-yaht burgonyat
rice RISHT rizst
beans BAW-bpat babot
peas BOR-shoat borsot
pepper BOR-shpat borsot
Listen to the difference in the ‘ o” sounds in the
last part of the words for “peas” and “pepper”; peas BOR-shoat, BOR-shoat”; “pepper”— “BOR-shoat,” “BOR-shoat.” Notice that the only difference between these two words is that the “o” sound in the word for “peas” is long and the “o” sound in the word for “pepper” is short. All the
22
“o” sounds that are short are written in your Language Guide with a dot under them.
paprika PAWP-rik-aht paprikat
salt SHOAT sot
sugar TSOOK-rpat cukrot
fruit DJIM-ul-chut gyumolcsot
apples AWL-maht almat
water VIZ-et vizet
milk TEH-yet tejet
tea TEH-aht teat
coffee KA-vayt kavet
beer SHURT sort
wine BORT bort
MONEY
To find out how much things cost you say:
how much MIB-eh mibe
it costs KEH-ril keriil
How much does it cost? MIB-eh KEH- Mibe keriil? rjl?
In the last word you heard a sound we don’t have in English. It is written in your Language Guide as i underlined. Listen again and repeat: “KEH-ril,” “KEH-ril.” To make this sound you round your lips as though about to say the oo in boot and without moving them say the i in bit instead. Try just the sound again: “i,” “i.”
The answer to your question “How much does it cost?” will be given to you in “PEN-ger” and “FIL-layr. ’ ’ One hundred ‘ ‘FIL-layr’ ’ make one ‘ ‘PEN-ger. ’’ At the normal rate of exchange a “PEN-ger” is worth about 20 cents. Listen again and repeat:
PEN-ger Pengo
FIL-layr Filler
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TIME
To find out what time it is you say really “How many hours is it?’’
What time HAHN O-raw Hany 6ra van? is it? vawn?
You have just heard an “n” sound combined with a “y” sound. Listen again and repeat: “HAHN,” “HAHN.” This combination of “n” and “y” is written in your Language Guide as an underlined n. Try just the sound again: “n”, “n”.
One o’clock EDJ o-raw Egy 6ra
Two o’clock KAYT o-raw Ket ora
“Quarter past three” is “quarter four.”
Quarter past NED-yed Negyed negy
three NAYDJ
“Half past four” is “half five.”
Half past four FAYL UT Fel dt
“Quarter of five” is “three quarters five.”
Quarter of five HA-rpam NED- Harom negyed dt yed UT
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WHAT TIME IS IT IN HUNGARIAN?
If you want to know when a movie starts or a train or bus leaves, you say:
when MIK-pr mikor
starts KEZ-der-dik kezdodik
the movie aw MO-zee a mozi
When does the movie start? MIK-pr KEZ-der-dik aw MO-zee? Mikor kezdodik a mozi?
leaves MEDJ megy
the train aw VO-nawt a vonat
When does the train leave? MIK-pr MEDJ aw VO-nawt? Mikor megy a vonat?
the bus awz OUT-o-booss az autobusz
When does the bus leave? MIK-pr MEDJ awz OUT-o-booss? Mikor megy az autobusz?
Today MAW Ma
Tomorrow HQAL-nawp Holnap
Yesterday TEG-nawp Tegnap
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The days of the week are:
Sunday VAW-shar-nawp Vasarnap
Monday HAYT-fer Hetfo
Tuesday KED Kedd
Wednesday SAYR-daw Szerda
Thursday CHIT-ur-tuk Csutortok
Friday PAYN-tek Pentek
Saturday SQAM-bawt Szombat
OTHER USEFUL PHRASES
The following phrases will be useful :
What is youc name? MEE aw NEV- Mi a neve? eh?
My name is aw NEV-em A nevem
How do you say "table” (or anything else} in Hungarian? HOADJ moand- Hogy mondjak yahk MAWD- magyarul yaw-rool “table”? “table”?
Which is the road to Budapest? MAY-yik awz Melyik az ut Bud- oot BOO-daw- apestre? pesht-reh?
Where is the nearest town? MAY-yik aw Melyik a legkozel- LEK-kuz-el-eb- ebbi helyseg? bee HAY-shayg?
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English Pronunciation Hungarian
I am an AW-meh-rik-oy Amerikai vagvok
American VAWD-ypak
Good-by ISH-ten VEI eh Is ten vele
ADDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS
Come in! YER-yun beh! Jdjjon be!
Have a seat! FO-glawl-yoan HAY-yet! Foglaljon helyet
Glad to know you UR-ven-dek Orvendek
I don’t know NEM too-dpam Nem tudom
I think so AWST hiss-em Azt hiszem
I don’t think so NEM hiss-em Nem hiszem
Maybe . TAW-lahn Talan
Halt! or Stop! A^ee! Allj!
English Pronunciation Hungarian
Come here! YER-yun ID-eh! Jojjon ide!
Right away! RUK-tun! Rogton!
Come quickly! YER-yun DJOR-shawn! Jojjon gyorsan!
Go quickly! MEN-yen DJOR-shawn! Menjen gyorsan
I am hungry AY-hesh VAWD-ypak Ehes vagyok
I am thirsty SQAM-yawsh VAWD-yoak Szomjas vagyok
I am tired FA-rawt VAWD-yoak Farad t vagyok
I am sick BET-eg VAWD-ypak Beteg vagyok
I am wounded MEK-sheb-esh-il-tem Megsebesiiltem
I have lost my way EL-tay-vet-tem Eltevedtem
Help! SH EG-ee-chayg! Segitseg!
Help me! SHEG-ee-chen! Segitsen!
Bring help! HEEV-ypan SHEG-ee-chay-get! Hivjon segit-seget!
I will pay you MEK-fiz-et-em Megfizetem
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English Pronunciation Hungarian
Where are the soldiers? HOAL vawn-nawk aw KAWT-p-nahk? Hol vannak a kat-onak?
Where are the American soldiers? HQAL vawn-nawk awz AW-meh-rik-oy KAWT-o-nahk? Hol vannak az amerikai kato-nak?
Where is the town? HOAL aw VA-roash? Hol a varos?
Where is it? HOAL vawn? Hol van?
How far is it? MEE-yen MESS-seh vawn? Mil yen messze van?
Is it near? KUZ-el vawn? Kozel van?
Is it far? MESS-seh vawn? Messze van?
It is here IT vawn Itt van
It is there QAT vawn Ott van
Which way is north? MAYR-reh vawn AY-sawk? Merre van eszak?
NOTE HIS ACCENT
English Pronunciation Hungarian
Draw me a sketch ROY-zoy-yaw leh Rajzolja le
Take me there VID-yen O-daw Vigyen oda
Take me to a doctor VID-yen QR-vpash-hpaz Vigyen orvoshoz
Take me to the hospital VID-yen KOR-hahz-baw Vigyen korhazba
Danger! VESS-ay! Veszely!
Take cover! FED-ez-ayk-beh! Fedezekbe!
Gas! GAHZ! Gaz!
Watch out! VID-yahz! Vigyazz!
Wait a minute! VAR-ypan edj PAYR-tsig! Varjon egy percig
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FILL-IN SENTENCES
In this section you will find a number of sentences, each containing a blank space which can be filled in with any one of the words in the list that follows. For example, if you want to say “Where is the post office?” find the fill-in sentence for “Where is __?”
and, in the list following the sentence, the word for “post office.” Then combine them as follows:
Where is ? HOAL vawn ? Hol van ?
the post office aw PO-shtaw a posta
Where is the post office? HOAL vawn aw Hol van a posta? PO-shtaw?
please Give me KAY-rek Kerek AWD-ygan Adj on
Bring me I would like HQAZ-zpan Hozzon SEH-ret-nayk Szeretnek
We would like SEH-ret-naynk Szeretnenk
Where can I get ? HOAL KAWP- Hol kaphatok ? haw-tpak ?
33
English Pronunciation Hungarian
EXAMPLE
I would SEH-ret-nayk Szeretnek
like
drinking IV-o VIZ-et ivo vizet
water
I would like SEH-ret-nayk Szeretnek ivo
drinking IV-o VIZ-et vizet
water
bacon SAW-lpan-naht szalonnat
boiled water FOR-rawlt VIZ-et forralt vizet
cabbage KA-pQ-staht kaposztat
carrots SHAR-gaw-ray-paht sargarepat
chocolate CHO-kp-la-dayt csokoladet
ham SHOAN-kaht sonkat
onions HAWDJ-maht hagymat
a cup edj CHAY-sayt egy cseszet
a glass edj PQ-haw-rawt egy poharat
a fork edj VIL-laht egy villat
a knife edj KAYSHT egy kest
34
English Pronunciation Hungarian
a plate edj TAHN-yayrt egy tanyert
a spoon edj KAW-naw-lawt egy kanalat
a bed edj AHD-yawt egy agyat
blankets TAW-kaw-ro-kawt takar6kat
a mattress edj MAW-trawt-spat egy matracot
a pillow edj PAR-naht egy parnat
a room edj SQ-baht egy szobat
a sheet edj LEP-ed-ert egy lepedot
a brush edj KEF-ayt egy kefet
a comb edj FAY-sheet egy fesiit
razor blades BO-rpat-vaw PEN-gayt borotva penget
a razor edj BO-rpat-vaht egy borotvat
hot water FOR-ro VIZ-et forro vizet
a shaving brush edj BO-rpat-vaw-paw-maw-chpat egy borotvapa-macsot
35
English Pronunciation Hungarian
shaving soap BQ-rpat-vaw-sawp-pawnt borotvaszappant
soap SAWP-pawnt szappant
a toothbrush edj FQAK-kef-ayt egy fogkefet
toothpaste FQAK-paw-staht fogpasztat
a towel edj TUR-jl-kuz-ert egy toriilkozot
a cigar SIV-awrt szivart
a pipe edj PEE-paht egy pipat
tobacco DO-hahnt dohanyt
ink TIN-taht tintat
a pen TOAL-lawt tollat
a pencil TSEH-roo-zaht ceruzat
paper PAW-peert papirt
stamps BAY-yeg-et belyeget
a handkerchief SHEP-ken-dert zsebkendot
a raincoat edj ESH-uk-aw-ba-tpat egy esokabatot
36
WHICH IS IT IN HUNGARIAN?
A TOOTHBRUSH
A COMB
«iHkiMG=
Give me:
1. edj CHAY-sayt
2. edj FAY-sheet
3. SHOAN-kaht
Give me:
1. edj AHD-yawt
2. FOR-ro VIZ-et
3. edj FOAK-kef-ayt
WHICH IS WHICH?
RAZOR BLADES A SHAVING BRUSH A RAZOR
Give me:
edj BO-roat-vaw-paw-maw-choat BO-roat-vaw PEN-gayt
edj BO-roat-vaht
(Answers on pages 35 and 36.)
glish Pronunciation Hungarian
a shirt edj IN-get egy inget
shoes TSIP-ert cipot
shoelaces TSI P-er-shin-ort cipozsinort
shoe polish TSI P-er-paw-staht cipopasztat
socks ZOAK-nit zoknit
undershorts AWL-sho-nawd- alsonadragot
ra-gpat
buttons GOAM-bpat gombot
a needle edj VAWR-ro-teet egy varrotut I
pins GOAM-bpash-teet gombostut
safety pins BIST-p-sheet-o-teet biztositotut
thread TSAYR-naht cernat
adhesive tape RAWK-taw-pawst ragtapaszt
an antiseptic FAYR-tert-leii-ee- fertotlenitot tert
aspirin AW-spee-reent aszpirint
a bandage KUT-sayrt kotszert
38
English Pronunciation Hungarian
cotton VAWT-taht vattat
iodine YO-dpat jodot
a laxative HAWSH-hoy-toat hashajtot
gasoline BEN-zeent benzint
I would like to SEH-ret-nayk Szeretnek
EXAMPLE
I would like to SEH-ret-nayk Szeretnek
eat EN-nee enni
I would like to eat SEH-ret-nayk EN-nee Szeretnek enni
drink IN-nee inni
lie down LEF-ek-jd-nee lefekiidni
pay FIZ-et-nee fizetni
sleep AW-lood-nee aludni
take a bath FEER-den-ee furdeni
wash up MO-shaw-kpad-nee mosakodni
39
English Pronunciation Hungarian
Where is a ? HOAL vawn edj ? Hol van egy ?
EXAMPLE
Where is a ? HOAL vawn edj ? Hol van egy ?
doctor OR-vpash orvos
Where is a doctor? HOAL vawn edj QR-ypash? Hol van egy orvos?
barber BOR-bay borbely
dentist FQ-gpr-vpash fogorvos
mechanic SEH-rel-er szerelo
policeman REN-derr render
{in the country} CHEN-derr csendor
porter HOR-dar hordar
shoemaker TSIP-ayss cipesz
tailor SAW-bo szabo
servant SOAL-gaw szolga
workman MOON-kahsh munkas
40
English Pronunciation Hungarian
church TEM-plpam templom
drugstore DRO-gayr-ya drogeria
z filling station TUL-ter AHL-lp-mahsh toltoallomas
garage GAW-rahsh garazs
grocery FISS-eh-resh fiiszeres
house HAHZ haz
laundry MO-shp-daw mosoda
spring FQR-rahsh forras
well KOOT kut
Where is ? HOAL vawn ? Hol van ?
How far is ? MEE-yen MESS-seh vawn ? Milyen messze van ?
EXAMPLE
Where is ? HQ AL vawn ? Hol van ?
the bridge aw HEED a hid
Where is the bridge? HOAL vawn aw HEED? Hol van a hid?
41
English Pronunciation Hungarian
the bus awz OUT-o-booss az autobusz
the camp aw TA-bpr a tabor
the city aw VA-rpash a varos
the highway awz OR-sa-goot az orszagut
the hospital aw KOR-hahz a korhaz
the main street aw F ER-oot-saw a foucca
the market aw PEE-awts a piac
the police aw REN-derr- a rendorseg
station shayg
the post office aw PO-shtaw a posta
the prescription pharmacy aw PAW-tik-aw a patika
the railroad aw VAW-shoot a vasut
the river aw FOY-yo a folyo
the road awz 00T az ut
the street aw VIL-law- a villamos
car mpash
the telephone aw TEL-ef-pan a telefon
42
WHICH IS IT IN HUNGARIAN?
THE STREETCAR THE BRIDGE
THE BUS
1. aw VIL-law-moash
2. DRO-gayr-ya
3. aw PO-shtaw
1. TEM-ploa-m
2. HAHZ
3. aw HEED
1. OR-voath
2. aw FOY-yo
3. awz OUT-o-booss
THE TELEPHONE
THE RAILROAD
1. awz OOT
2. aw TEL-ef-oan
3. aw FER-oot-caw
1. VAWT-taht
2. edj VAWR-ro-teet
3. aw VAW-shoot
("Answers on pages 41 and 42.)
To say “It is good” in Hungarian you simply use the word for “good”—YO. To ask the question “Is it good?” you use the same word but raise your voice as we do in £nglish for a question—YO?
It is not NEM Nem
It is too TOOL Tul
It is very NAWD-ypan EXAMPLE Nagyon
It is not NEM Nem
good YO j6
It is not good NEM yo Nem j6
bad ROASS rossz
big NAWDJ nagy
small KISH kis
clean TIST-aw tiszta
dirty PISK-pash piszkos
cold HID-eg hideg
warm MEL-eg meleg
much or many SHQAK sok
enough EL-ayg eleg
44
--—--
cc—/pv^'
WHA1’5 IT 5AY- -j
C-i 'NO S^OKlUQa /
/4 / ^ASl/r - /