[4th Report to Congress on United States Participation in Operations of Unrra Under the Act of March 28, 1944 : As of June 30, 1945] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov] 4th REPORT TO CONGRESS ON UNITED STATES PARTICIPATION IN OPERATIONS OF UNRRA Under the Act of March 28, 1944 As of June 30, 1945 4 th REPORT TO CONGRESS ON UNITED STATES PARTICIPATION IN OPERATIONS OF UNRRA Under the Act of March 28, 1944 As of June 30z 1945 “The President shall submit to the Congress quarterly reports of expenditures made under any such appropriations and operations under the Agreement.'* [From Section 2 of a Joint Resolution to enable the United States to participate in the work of the United Nations relief and rehabilitation organization (Public Law No. 267, 78th Congress, 2d Session).] United States Government Printing Office • Washington, D. C. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, ü. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 2ô, D. C. - Price 15 cents CONTENTS Chapter Page President’s Letter of Transmittal............................... 4 Summary Statement of the Status of UNRRA Appropriation as of August 31, 1945............................... 6 1. UNRRA Aid............................................... 9 The Shipment of Relief and Rehabilitation Supplies... 9 Care and Repatriation of Displaced Persons..................... 10 Health and Epidemic Control.................................... 11 Other Services................................................. 12 2. UNRRA Operations by Country.............................. 13 Central, Eastern, and Southern Europe.......................... 13 Greece.......................................... 13 Yugoslavia....................................... 14 The Dodecanese Islands............................ 15 Czechoslovakia.................................. 15 Poland.......................................... 15 Italy........................................... 16 Albania......................................... 17 Western and Northern Europe................................. 17 France, Belgium and Luxembourg.................. 18 The Netherlands, Norway and Denmark............. 18 Germany......................................... 18 Austria......................................... 20 Africa and the Middle East.................................... 20 The Far East and the Pacific................................... 20 China........................................... 20 The Philippines................................... 21 3. Procurement of Supplies and Shipping...................... 22 Procurement of Supplies........................................ 22 Food........................................................... 24 Clothing, Textiles, and Footwear............................... 24 Medical Supplies and Equipment................................. 25 Aids to Agricultural Rehabilitation............................ 26 Aids to Industrial Rehabilitation.............................. 26 4. UNRRA Finance............................................ 28 Contributions to UNRRA......................................... 28 United States Appropriation for UNRRA.......................... 29 Status of Contributions Made Available to UNRRA... 31 Appendix I. UNRRA Joint Resolution............................... 36 II. UNRRA Participation Appropriation Act, 1945............ 44 III. Executive Order No. 9453 Providing for the Participation by the United States in the Work of UNRRA................... 46 IV. The President’s Letter to the FEA Administrator Outlining FEA’s Responsibilities in the Work of UNRRA.................. 47 PRESIDENT’S LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL To the Congress of the United States of America: I am transmitting herewith the 4th report to Congress on UNRRA operations for the quarter ending June 30, 1945, in which there has been included a summary statement on the status of the United States contribution to UNRRA as of August 31, 1945. Unconditional surrender of both Germany and Japan has brought full victory to the United Nations on the battlefields, but victory can have real meaning only if it is speedily translated into a secure peace. That great task is just beginning. Victory over the enemy has been costly in material things and in blood and suffering. Victory in securing a lasting peace will continue to call for the combined efforts of all peoples to bind up the wounds left by the war so that solid foundations will be laid for the future. In the period under review in this report UNRRA, increasingly freed from the restraints imposed by military needs, moved into the large-scale operations for which it had been maturing plans, scheduling purchases, and building an organization. In Greece, Yugoslavia, and Albania it took over supply responsibility at the request of the allied military authorities. Operations were under way in Poland and Czechoslovakia and considerable shipments of supplies had arrived in these countries. On the basis of the prior agreement with SHAEF and at the urgent request of the military authorities, UNRRA teams were assisting armed forces in the care and repatriation of millions of allied displaced persons in Germany and Austria. In the Far East the military situation was less favorable to UNRRA activities but significant operations were carried on in China, and the program for the Far East was further elaborated in preparation for the day of liberation. In order to carry through these operations and to ensure that the supply pipe line would remain full, UNRRA had to draw heavily upon the ■$450,000,000 appropriated by the Congress, and arrangements were made to exercise the authority contained in the appropriation act to utilize for UNRRA purposes up to $350,000,000 of supplies, services and funds available under the Lend-Lease Act. In the succeeding months UNRRA’s need for United States supplies has continued to increase with the result that it has been necessary to utilize virtually all the funds and authority available under the appropriation act. Through UNRRA the United States is making and will make its contribution for relief to the liberated peoples. In order that these people may move ahead toward the tremendous task of reconstruction, they must have the basic materials to regain their strength. Where we at home have 4 shortages and inconveniences, millions in other lands lack even the bare necessities of life. Life abroad in the coming winter will depend upon the outside assistance which this country and other countries can render to the liberated peoples. UNRRA, struggling as it has in the face of world deficits of critical supplies and of shipping, has made a substantial beginning in the immense task of relief and rehabilitation. The more this task can be speeded up through the early delivery of vitally needed supplies, the sooner it will be possible for UNRRA to withdraw, leaving the liberated peoples on a firm footing to carry on their own life. The Government of the United States and the other members of UNRRA are meeting this common problem as the United Nations are attempting to meet other world problems—together and to the best of their respective abilities. The White House, Harry S. Truman. October 77, 1945. 5 SUMMARY STATEMENT OF THE STATUS OF THE U. S. APPROPRIATION FOR UNRRA As of August 31, 1945 The 4th report to Congress on United States participation in operations of UNRRA covers the period ended June 30, 1945: In order to make available to the Congress later information on the status of the United States appropriation of $800,000,000 for UNRRA, certain summary statistics as of August 31, 1945 are given opposite. By August 31, 1945 shipments from continental United States increased to more than 600,000 tons and total shipments to liberated areas, including United States military surpluses procured overseas, reached 1,700,000 tons. Of the total U. S. appropriation of $800,000,000, approximately $780,000,000 was committed as of August 31 by UNRRA orders on the Foreign Economic Administration and the procuring agencies. The status of funds as of August 31 is shown on opposite page. 6 Chart 1 Thousands of Dollars Category UNRRA Program Commitments 1 Obligations Clothing, textiles and footwear $181,440 $180,967 $127,857 Food 147,045 143,442 98,428 Agricultural rehabilitation supplies . .. 43,116 42,679 29,135 Industrial rehabilitation supplies 71,496 71,429 35,136 Medical and sanitation supplies 34,050 31,761 22,453 Relief and rehabilitation services 7,813 7,458 2,432 Ocean transportation Mise, commodities and accessorial 31,800 21,670 13,338 expenses Administrative expenses, procure- 47,937 45,408 31,906 ment agencies 3,303 3,303 1,435 Administrative expenses, UNRRA ... Convertible currency (for procure- 7,000 7,000 7,000 ment outside U. S.) 75,000 75,000 75,000 Overseas U. S. military surpluses 2.. •. 150,000 150,000 150,000 Total $800,000 $780,117 $594,120 1 Includes requisitions for supplies and services received by U. S. agencies and funds transferred to UNRRA. 2 Transfers authorized September 1,1945. Table 1 7 Chapter 1 UNRRA AID The second quarter of 1945 brought final victory in Europe and saw a greatly increased scale of military operations in the Pacific. Victory in Europe enabled UNRRA to enter upon large-scale operations to aid millions of war victims freed from the Germans after from 3 to 5 years of Nazi looting, persecution, and brutality. Delays attendant upon military operations and upon the establishment of recognized governments in certain areas of UNRRA operations had largely come to an end. The shipping shortage which had earlier prevented UNRRA from performing to the extent of its capabilities had eased, and supplies were moving in greatly increased quantities to the areas of UNRRA responsibility. With the acceleration of operations in the Pacific, UNRRA similarly intensified its plans for assisting the hundreds of millions of war victims in China and the Southwest Pacific. The Shipment of Relief and Rehabilitation Supplies At the end of the second quarter UNRRA had shipped or provided overseas an estimated 1,220,299 long tons of supplies valued at an estimated $287,252,000 as compared with shipments at the end of the first quarter of 37,000 tons. Of this total, an estimated 555,000 tons had been purchased from military stocks for relief in Greece and Yugoslavia, and 665,299 tons had been shipped directly by UNRRA. More than half of the tonnage of the supplies delivered consisted of food— principally flour and cereals—because the prevention of starvation had to take precedence over all other relief problems. However, as the quarter ended, increasing stress was being placed upon agricultural and industrial rehabilitation supplies which the liberated areas need to help themselves. These include seeds, fertilizers, and limited amounts of agricultural tools and equipment, as well as cotton, wool, other raw materials, machinery, and transportation equipment. UNRRA’s distribution of supplies among recipient countries rests on two major principles: (1) Within the minimum relief standards established by the UNRRA Council, UNRRA’s aim is to raise the total of imported and locally produced relief supplies available in each country to the same percentage of the country’s requirements on a per capita basis. (2) If circumstances such as military operations or transport difficulties prevent deliveries to certain countries of supplies which they would otherwise receive under the 667208—45- 9 2 first principle, supplies which are urgently needed in other countries and which are currendy available are sent to these countries so far as possible to meet the minimum relief standard. Up to June 30, 1945, circumstances of this nature had prevented UNRRA from carrying out fully the first principle. As of June 30, supplies from all contributing countries had been made available in the following amounts: Destination Gross Long Tons Estimated Landed Cost1 Albania 1 599 399 000 Czechoslovakia 72 026 36 949 000 Greece 795 951 1 36 669 000 Italy 2 73 953 15 rro ooo Poland 72 636 41 766 000 Yugoslavia 195 152 54 590 000 China 9 97 000 UNRRA Camps and Other Operations 3 4,444 2,254,000 Total 1,220,299 287,252,000 1 In U. S. dollar equivalents. 2 Shipments under the limited program: $50,000,000 for medical aid, displaced persons operations, and child and maternal welfare. 3 Includes shipments to UNRRA camps, shipments under the emergency relief program for Western Europe, and shipments to displaced persons operations. Does not include supplies amounting in value to $10,000,000, taken over from the military for the UNRRA camps. Table 2 Care and Repatriation of Displaced Persons The care and repatriation of the millions of persons displaced from then-homes and subjected to dire suffering as the result of Nazi persecution and brutality was one of the principal purposes for which UNRRA was created. In May 1944 UNRRA began fulfilling this purpose through the administration of camps for displaced persons in the Middle East and adjacent areas. With the liberation of Europe, UNRRA began to help the displaced persons in the territories of certain of the United Nations. In the second quarter of 1945 the center of UNRRA responsibility shifted to Germany where, as agents of the Allied military authorities, nearly 5,000 UNRRA personnel were assisting or preparing to assist in the greatest project for aid to displaced persons in all history. At the end of the second quarter UNRRA had just begun similar operations in Austria at the request of the military authorities. 10 Health and Epidemic Control Health conditions in Europe and in the formerly occupied areas in the Pacific have deteriorated tremendously. Because of undernourishment and lack of proper clothing and footwear, the people are particularly susceptible to disease. Because of war damage to housing, water systems, and other essential facilities, the conditions that lead to outbreaks of epidemics of typhoid, typhus, and malaria are everywhere. The repatriation of millions of displaced persons through contaminated areas could, without adequate health and epidemic control, result in the mass outbreak of such diseases. To prevent the outbreaks of such epidemics, UNRR A is making available upon request, public health information and the services of public health personnel. More than 250 physicians, nurses, sanitary engineers, and other technicians have been employed by UNRRA to help in this work. Under UNRRA sponsorship, public health programs are being planned for all Europe and, eventually, the Far East. UNRRA also prepares an Epidemiological Information Bulletin, a journal published semimonthly which is circulated to specialists throughout the world. Twelve issues have been published to date. The UNRRA program of health and epidemic control includes the procurement and shipment of medical supplies. Scheduled for shipment by the end of September was equipment for 1,066 hospitals for the following destinations: Destination 200-bed hospitals 40-bed hospitals Greece 7 35 Yugoslavia 92 83 460 180 125 44 2 Poland Czechoslovakia 30 Italy 8 Albania Total 220 846 Table 3 To help reestablish the health and welfare of the liberated peoples of Europe, principally children and mothers, UNRRA has authorized the expenditure of $7,500,000 to procure special equipment for 1,000 milk kitchens, each capable of supplying milk to 600 children daily; 1,000 day nursery centers; 1,000 children’s hostels; 1,000 centers for maternal and child welfare, each servicing a thousand children and mothers daily; and other similar items. 11 Other Services The liberated areas need not only supplies but also technical assistance to rehabilitate their industry, agriculture, and public utilities. To meet this need, agricultural and industrial experts are normally attached to the UNRRA missions and specialists are frequently sent to countries for short periods of time for particular projects. Thus, for example, UNRRA’s railroad experts are giving advice to both Yugoslavia and Greece on the restoration of the transportation system. In addition, UNRRA assists technical experts of member governments to travel abroad for study and investigation and, upon request, loans its experts to member governments. UNRRA provides such assistance not only to countries which require UNRRA’s financial help, but also to those which do not. This includes: (a) collection and dissemination of technical information on relief and rehabilitation problems; (¿) arrangements for meetings of technical experts from member countries concerned with similar relief problems; and (c) assistance to member governments in recruitment of technical experts to assist in restoring the internal economy of the liberated areas and thus reduce the need for outside assistance. 12 Chapter 2 UNRRA OPERATIONS BY COUNTRY CENTRAL, EASTERN, AND SOUTHERN EUROPE Central, Eastern, and Southern Europe have thus far been UNRRA”» chief sphere of operations except for the Far East. Country after country in these areas heroically battled the Axis invaders in the face of terrible odds and then, having been overrun, resisted and harassed the enemy behind the lines. Now they find themselves in ruins and destitute of the financial means to import the materials they so vitally need. To those countries UNRRA has been supplying in increasing quantities, the food, clothing, and medical supplies needed for relief purposes and the raw materials and equipment needed to reestablish agriculture, public utilities, transportation, and industry for basic relief operations. These supplies are provided under agreements with governments of the recipient countries which were executed in the previous quarter, with the exception of the agreements with Albania, Poland and the British Military authorities for the Dodecanese Islands, which were executed in the third quarter of this year. In these agreements UNRRA undertook to furnish necessary imported relief supplies within the limits of its resources, and the governments undertook to distribute these supplies in accordance with UNRRA’s nondiscrimination policy, to permit UNRRA’s representatives to observe the distribution of goods, to consult with UNRRA on relief needs, and to furnish local currency to cover UNRRA’s expenses within the country. Greece On April 1, the first day of the second quarter, UNRRA took over from the allied military authorities the entire task of obtaining relief supplies, consigning them to the Greek Government and observing their distribution. This meant that UNRRA assumed financial responsibility for all relief and rehabilitation supplies delivered in Greece on or after April 1. As of June 30, an estimated 795,000 long tons of supplies had been made available to Greece by UNRRA. A large portion of these were obtained by purchase from military relief stocks located in or near Greece, but over 350,000 long tons of UNRRA supplies were procured independently and 13 shipped to Greece during this period. Most of these deliveries were made up of food, principally flour and cereal, but June loadings included increased amounts of cotton, wool, and other raw materials needed for production of textiles and clothing in Greek factories, as well as fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural equipment necessary to reestablish agricultural production. Plans have also been made to ship livestock to help replace Greece’s livestock, almost 50 percent of which has been destroyed. The distribution within Greece of these and other relief supplies available from Greek resources has been fraught with considerable difficulties because of the destruction of inland and coastwise transportation. To help alleviate this problem, a number of trucks abandoned by the Germans have been obtained, 400 trucks were shipped from the United States during the quarter, and substantial quantities are expected to be made available from Army surpluses in Europe. UNRR A is working with the Greek Government to restore transportation. The UNRRA mission in Greece is cooperating with the Greek Government in an emergency program to stamp out typhus, tuberculosis, malaria, and other diseases. Delousing stations have been set up at various points. UNRRA has purchased 10 airplanes to be used to spray DDT on the breeding grounds of the malarial mosquitoes. Equipment for 42 hospitals, as well as large quantities of medical supplies, have already been shipped to Greece, and technical advice has been given in the repair of hospitals and sanitation centers and in the training of nurses’ aides. Y ugoslavia On April 15, 1945, UNRRA took over from the allied military authorities the task of obtaining relief supplies, consigning them to the Yugoslav Government and observing their distribution. Between that date and the end of the quarter, approximately 195,000 tons of relief and rehabilitation supplies were made available to Yugoslavia. The major portion of these were procured from military stocks in the theater, but UNRRA shipments began in May. Most of the supplies consisted of foodstuffs, but they also included substantial quantities of medical supplies, clothing and footwear, wool, and agricultural equipment. To help in planting the spring crop in northeastern Yugoslavia, 50 UNRRA tractors were flown from Cairo to Belgrade at a time when they were most urgently needed. And to improve the means of inland transportation, UNRRA helped provide nearly 1,000 trucks, as well as technical experts to advise on the restoration of the transportation system. These supplies have done much to alleviate suffering in Yugoslavia, but they are not nearly enough to satisfy the needs of the country. Unfortunately, the scarcity of port facilities temporarily limited the quantity oi supplies that could be delivered. At the end of the quarter, the problem was partially solved when two additional Yugoslav ports were made avail 14 able and when the Soviet Union granted UNRRA permission to use Black Sea and Danube ports for UNRRA supplies destined for Yugoslavia. The situation has subsequently been further alleviated with the port of Trieste being made available. Typhus control has been the most urgent health problem in Yugoslavia. UNRRA personnel is taking over from the United States Typhus Commission the work of typhus control. In April, UNRRA arranged for air shipment of 245,000 doses of vaccine to combat a smallpox epidemic. In addition, the mission’s health experts have been surveying health conditions, planning malaria control work, and scheduling, in cooperation with Yugoslav authorities, the medical and other health supplies required. UNRRA has also extended aid to Yugoslavia in connection with displaced persons. By the end of the quarter, 12,600 Yugoslavs had been repatriated from the UNRRA camps in the Middle East and, with more adequate shipping facilities available, it was expected that all Yugoslavs in these camps desiring repatriation would have been returned by the middle of August. The Dodecanese Islands In the absence of an indigenous government and a final decision as to the sovereignty of the Islands, the UNRRA council at the Montreal session . authorized the furnishing of relief and rehabilitation supplies and services to the Dodecanese Islands. The Director-General has determined that the inhabitants are unable to pay for such supplies and services with foreign exchange and are eligible for UNRRA aid. Operations will begin as soon as the necessary supply arrangements can be made. Repatriation of the Dodecanese refugees now housed in UNRRA’s Middle East camps was about to begin at the end of the second quarter. Czechoslovakia By June 30, 1945, 72,000 long tons of relief and rehabilitation supplies had been shipped by UNRRA to Czechoslovakia, of which all but 3,000 long tons had been shipped during the second quarter. The first of these supplies arrived in Czechoslovakia on June 1, after a rail trip from the Black Sea ports where they had been unloaded through the cooperation of the Soviet authorities. The supplies consisted principally of food, textiles, and medical supplies, but also included some seeds, raw materials, trucks, and industrial equipment. Since Czechoslovakia was not completely liberated until after VE-day, the first group of UNRRA personnel did not arrive in Prague until June 22. Poland By June 30, 1945, shipments of relief and rehabilitation supplies to Poland, which had begun in March, totaled about 79,000 tons. They 15 consisted principally of food and agricultural supplies, but almost 15 percent was made up of clothing, medical supplies, and materials for industrial rehabilitation. Up to that date all supplies have of necessity been shipped to a single Black Sea port and moved by rail and truck to Poland. With the opening of Baltic ports since June, the physical difficulties of delivering supplies to Poland have been reduced. Negotiations with respect to UNRRA’s activities in Poland were concluded with the signing of a basic agreement on September 14, 1945. The nucleus of an UNRRA mission was established in Warsaw at the same time. Italy The UNRRA agreement with Italy provides for a limited program of aid— not to exceed 550,000,000 in cost—to provide supplementary feeding for children and expectant or nursing mothers, to provide medical and sanitary services and supplies, and to care for and return to their homes displaced Italians found within Italy. Pursuant to this program, 73,000 tons of supplies had been shipped to Italy by the end of June. Most of these supplies were food for UNRRA’s supplementary feeding program for mothers and children. Standard distribution included milk, ■ lard, sugar, peas, beans, flour, and fish. About 250,000 persons were receiving food by the end of June. In Naples alone about 90,000 mothers and children were being fed in June. An emergency school lunch program for 37,000 of the poorest children in 167 schools in Rome and its suburbs was begun on June 11. It is expected that when the program is in full operation there will be enough food available to the various provinces to feed about 1,700,000 children and 300,000 nursing and expectant mothers 750 calories daily. Provincial committees have been organized in 11 provinces south of Rome and in Sicily and Sardinia for the selection of persons to be assisted. Cases with medical grounds have first priority; those with economic needs, second. Standard criteria by which Italian doctors will select individuals in need of UNRRA supplementary feeding were prepared for distribution to all doctors in Italy. In the field of health, UNRRA and two private American agencies— the Unitarian Service Committee and the Congregational Christian Service Committee—are making surveys in selected areas to assess the severity of the malnutrition of the people and the success of varying types of food in restoring them to health. The results of this work will be made available to UNRRA for application not only in Italy, but in other countries as well. In addition, UNRRA programs for the prevention of disease have been undertaken. Thirteen million lire, a first part of the lire amount which 16 Italy will contribute to the UNRRA program, were allocated to antimalaria work in areas deliberately flooded by the Germans. UNRRA has aided Italians who were compelled to leave their homes by the war. Transit camps staffed with a number of voluntary agency teams working with UNRRA had by June 1 handled 40,000 to 50,000 Italian refugees. These voluntary teams issued food and clothing to the refugees and helped them to return to their homes. UNRRA’s displaced-persons work in Italy is not confined to Italian nationals. It also includes aid to United Nations nationals in Italy, many thousands of whom were liberated in Northern Italy by the German surrender. To aid these victims of Nazi aggression, UNRRA on May 1, took over administrative control of 4 camps and 2 hospitals in Southern Italy. These camps had at the end of June a population of 3,400 United Nations nationals and stateless persons. The capacity of these camps and hospitals greatly exceeds their present population and plans are being made to receive more displaced persons. For those United Nations nationals and stateless persons outside of camps, a program was begun on April 1, 1945. The assistance, which is in the form of supplies to the greatest extent possible, otherwise in cash grants, is intended to meet basic primary needs such as food, rent, fuel, and living expenses, exclusive of medical care, which is otherwise provided for. The scale of assistance varies with locality and size of the family. Determination of eligibility and need is made according to fixed criteria on the basis of information supplied on applications and through individual interviews by trained welfare personnel. Commissaries for the distribution of food to such persons have been organized in Rome, Bari, and Naples. By the end of the quarter, 3,758 displaced persons outside of camps received assistance under this program. Albania In April, an UNRRA mission was dispatched to Albania to assist the military in distributing relief supplies, and to begin negotiations with Albanian authorities for the provision of relief and rehabilitation aid. In May, the Director-General determined that Albania was unable to pay for relief imports in suitable means of foreign exchange. UNRRA loadings for Albania from the United States began in June. WESTERN AND NORTHERN EUROPE The six liberated countries of Western and Northern Europe—France, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, and Denmark—possess foreign-exchange assets and, as a result, have not requested UNRRA assistance in procuring the bulk of their supplies. UNRRA is, however, authorized to provide supplies for emergency supplementary relief in par- 667208—45---------3 17 ticularly devastated areas in which immediate distress exists. To implement this authorization, UNRRA set aside a fund of $10,000,000 for procurement of supplies and delegated to its European Regional Office ■full responsibility to carry out the program. By June 30, 1945, 464 tons of pupplies had been shipped to these six countries under this program. •UNRRA liad also shipped relief supplies for allied or stateless displaced persons in France to the extent of 265 tons. France, Belgium, and Luxembourg The UNRRA emergency program for these countries consists of relief supplies for the war victims whose homes and household goods have been destroyed and help to the allied and stateless people in these countries. By June 30, 1945, 313 tons of supplies had been sent to these countries under this program. In addition, substantial quantities of used clothing "had been turned over to France and Belgium-Luxembourg. From a first used clothing drive France had received 1,000,000 pounds, and Belgium-Luxembourg 330,000 pounds. From the second drive, 7,400,000 pounds hàvè already been allocated to France, and 3,000,000 pounds to Belgium-Luxembourg. Mobile feeding units were loaned to the Belgian Government to aid victims of thè deadly V-l flying bomb attacks upon Antwerp and displaced Belgians returning home from forced labor in Germany. More than 2,000 nationals of France, Belgium, and Luxembourg had been employed by UNRRA for displaced-persons work in Germany. In addition, 200 physicians were released from the French Army for work with UNRRA. The Netherlands, Norway, and Denmark Denmark and most of the Netherlands and Norway were not liberated until VE-day. Prior to that time, UNRRA had established liaison with the governments in exile in London. On liberation, UNRRA missions were dispatched to Norway and the Netherlands, and an UNRRA liaison officer was attached to the Allied Military Mission that went to Denmark. UNRRA’s emergency relief program could not start until the middle of the quarter, but UNRRA shipped 188 tons of food and clothing to Norway, and 55 tons of clothing to the Netherlands during the quarter. In addition, UNRRA has made 10 mobile feeding units available to Norway for displaced-persons work. Germany UNRRA’s operations in enemy territory are generally limited to the care and return to their homes of displaced persons of United Nations nationality. It also similarly assists persons regardless of nationality who 18 were displaced by the enemy because of their race, religion, or ^activities in favor of the United Nations. In May, the central committee of UNRRA authorized assistance to displaced Italians in Germany and Austria, UNRRA’s activities in Germany have been performed under agreement signed with SHAEF in November 1944 by the terms of Which UNRRA undertook to supply personnel to assist the military authorities as they might request. The preliminary phase of this program was the recruitment and training of a requested 2,600 persons, later increased to 6,000. The UNRRA training center at the University of Maryland was used for training recruits from the Western. Hemisphere and a base camp- was established at Granville, near Cherbourg, France, where the recruits were given final instruction preparatory to being called to Germany by the military authorities. On March 31, 1945, recruitment was still far from complete and only 16 teams had been sent to Germany. By the end of June the recruitment had beeh virtually completed; the great majority of the recruits had been trained; and over 300 teams comprising about 2,500. persons were actually engaged in operations in aid of displaced persons in Germany. . . Plans called for teams of 13 persons each—a director, a deputy director, health and welfare officers, and administrative officers to manage mass feeding, warehousing, supplies, and transport. The teams which have actually been sent out into the field do not comprise a full complement, but rather are spearhead teams averaging 7 or 8 persons selected to fit the requirements of a particular assembly center. At these assembly centers the displaced persons are furnished shelter, food, and medical care until such time as transportation to their homes can be arranged. In all cases UNRRA personnel are under the jurisdiction and direction of the military authorities, who bear the final responsibility for supplies, shelter, and transport, as well as for basic policies. But the degree of responsibility which the military delegate to UNRRA personnel in a specific center is often a large one. In approximately a third of the assembly centers to which UNRRA teams are assigned, the military detachment had already withdrawn by the end of the second quarter, leaving the UNRRA team director and his staff in complete charge of the center. In the centers where military detachments remained, the UNRRA staff assisted in the management of the camp and was prepared to assume complete administrative responsibility upon the withdrawal of the detachment. At SHAEF’s request, UNRRA is now procuring emergency welfare supplies for displaced persons in Germany. UNRRA has programmed a maximum of $4,000,000 for welfare equipment. Additional expenditures will be made for food and clothing. Efforts are also being made to secure from voluntary agencies supplementary contributions, both in cash and in supplies. 19 Austria During June UNRRA agreed with the United States military occupation authorities in charge of one sector of Austria to assist the military in connection with the health, welfare, and repatriation of displaced persons in Austria. UNRRA is furnishing the personnel to work in assembly centers whose population is likely to stay for considerable periods of time. By June 30, two UNRRA teams were in Austria. AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST UNRRA’s principal activity in the Middle East and Africa has been the care and repatriation of 40,000 displaced persons. It has been operating 6 camps for their care. During the second quarter, over 15,000 refugees were returned to their homes in Greece and Yugoslavia and others are constantly being returned as shipping becomes available. As a result it was anticipated that by the end of August all but two of these camps—El Shatt and El Arish—would be closed down. A new mission to Ethiopia is being organized to succeed the UNRRA technical mission which surveyed relief and rehabilitation needs in that country. The immediate purpose of the mission will be to institute a program of training in the fields of welfare, particularly the problem of homeless children, and in essential medical and health services. Other undertakings may be added within the scope of UNRRA’s program as conditions permit. THE FAR EAST AND THE PACIFIC At the end of the second quarter, because of continued military operations in the Far East, only very limited relief shipments to China and the Philippines had been possible, but UNRRA plans for operations in the Far East were well advanced. China As a result of 9 years of war against Japanese aggression, China has had her resources depleted to the point where she will be helpless to undertake the gigantic task of postwar reconstruction, unless she is first given adequate help from outside in the form of relief and rehabilitation supplies. The Chinese Government estimates that it will be necessary to import approximately 10,000,000 tons of supplies for relief and rehabilitation purposes alone valued at nearly $2,500,000,000. China intends to finance the larger part of the program herself; she will need assistance in connection with the remainder. When the Chinese Government submitted its estimates to UNRRA in September 1944, it asked for approximately one billion dollars worth of goods weighing about 4,000,000 tons, for the services of 2,000 technical 20 experts, and for fellowships for several hundred Chinese experts to go abroad for further training. China will probably be the scene of the largest single program of relief and rehabilitation UNRRA will undertake. The following programs, which have been requested by the Chinese Government, have been approved by UNRRA: 1. Over-the-hump program.—This consists of about 60 tons of medical, veterinary, and social welfare training supplies, seeds and agricultural band tools to be delivered by air after reaching Calcutta by boat. Some of these supplies have already been delivered by air. 2. Truck-transport program.—In May 1945 the Chinese Government requested about 30,000 tons of supplies for emergency relief needs which were to be met at the earliest possible date. The tonnage was to be made up of 3,000 trucks, as well as agricultural and industrial rehabilitation items, welfare supplies, concentrated foods, clothing, and medical supplies. Procurement of these supplies has been approved and shipment is scheduled for the last 5 months of 1945. 3. Cholera program.—The immediate dispatch of seven doctors, two sanitary engineers, and 5 tons of equipment and medicines requested by the Chinese Government to fight the cholera epidemic in Chungking and the Provinces of Szechwan, Yunnan and Kweichow contributed to early control of this situation. 4. Training programs.—The 38 Chinese technical experts who were brought to the United States by UNRRA for advanced training in special fields completed their work and were returning to China to help execute China’s relief and rehabilitation operations. Preparations were being made to have 12 additional social welfare experts trained in the United States. The opening of ports on the China coast will permit the shipment of a much greater volume of relief supplies. The Philippines In response to a request from President Osmena, UNRRA, on March 26, set aside a provisional fund of $1,000,000 for the provision of emergency relief supplies for distribution in devastated areas of the Philippines. A list of requirements was submitted by the Philippine Government and by June 30 approximately $600,000 had been expended to procure wheat and evaporated milk from Canada and medical supplies from the United States. As the quarter came to a close these and used clothing collected in the United States were being loaded aboard ship at American and Canadian west coast ports. 21 snag 7 .'Chapter 3 imm,*. PROCUREMENT OF SUPPLIES AND SHIPPING In prior periods UNRR A has been handicapped in obtaining supplies and shipping because of other competing requirements. While these handicaps had not been entirely overcome, during the second quarter of 1945 real progress'in meeting them was made and the tempo and magnitude of UNRRA’s supply operations increased considerably. Procurement of Supplies < By the end of June 1945, UNRRA had formally requested from con -tributing countries supplies valued at $773,009j000 (landed cost). This represented an increase of $320,054,000 over those requested at the end of the prior quarter. The major supplying countries—the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom-—had been requested to furnish Chart 2 22 $712,439,000 worth, or 92 percent of the total. By June 30,1945, UNRRÀ had submitted formal requests for supplies against the United States contribution in the amount of $517,816,000 (landed coSt). The Foreigii Economic Administration had requisitioned for UNRRA supplies and services valued at $375,864,000 (landed cost) and the procuring agencies had contracted for $203,683,000 (landed cost) of these. Supplies valued at $78,133,000 (landed cost) had been shipped or had been received for shipment. ’ . Other countries have also made important contributions to UNRRA; particularly in items which are in short supply in the United States or for which the supplying country is the principal source. During the quarter» arrangements were completed to obtain for the liberated areas 100,000 tons of supplies from six other American Republics Brazil, Chile, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Peru, and Uruguay. Brazil will supply more than 10,000 tons of cottonseed meal, 1,400 tons of canned fish, 1,000 tons of soap, and large quantities of textiles which it is estimated will be delivered at the rate of 7,500,000 yards per month beginning in August. Chile iS providing 50,000 tons of nitrate of soda to be used as fertilizer, Cuba, 20,000 tons of sugar; the Dominican Republic, 5,000 tons of corn and supplies of coffee and meat products; and Peru, 4,600 tons of beans and 2,000 tons of fish. Uruguay had started procurement of 103,000 blankets and 500 tons of cheese. Arrangements were being made to obtain substantial supplies from Mexico—principally knit underwear, footwear» canned fish, and possibly chickpeas. Australia and New Zealand, which have done so much to supply the needs of the allied forces for the war against Japan, have been able to contribute some supplies. By June 30, 1945, approximately $1,000,000 of requests for clothing, textiles, and footwear had been sent from UNRRA headquarters to Australia and approximately $500,000 to New Zealand. Substantial additional supplies consisting of food and agricultural and industrial supplies are being procured by the UNRRA office in Sydney. During the quarter an UNRRA mission went to New Delhi to discus? procurement possibilities with the Indian Government which has made available a contribution of $24,000,000 to UNRRA. Among the items to be discussed were peanut oil to help meet the liberated areas requirements for fats and oils, jute to help restore agricultural production, and water buffaloes to augment China’s depleted stock of draft animals. The mission was to proceed later to the Union of South Africa to discuss the contribution of coal and wool. UNRRA has, in addition, taken two definite steps to aid the liberated peoples and to minimize the effect of its program upon the contributing countries. They are: 1. Procurement from excess and surplus war property stocks. UNRRA has made arrangements with the military and supply authorities of the major 23 allied governments to fill as many of its requirements as possible out of excess and surplus stocks procured by the allied governments for war purposes. This serves to'cut down UNRRA’s demands on current production, to provide a useful means for disposing of surplus property, and when the property is located abroad, to release shipping space for other purposes. Already UNRR A has procured large quantities of material in this manner. When UNRR A took over relief responsibilities in Greece on April 1 and in Yugoslavia on April 15, it obtained from the military authorities an estimated 555,000 tons of supplies previously brought into those countries by the military. Other important amounts of material have been purchased from surpluses both in the United States and abroad. 2. Collection of used clothing.—During April, UNRRA, in cooperation with voluntary agencies for foreign relief, sponsored a national used clothing drive in the United States. The goal of 150,000,000 pounds was exceeded and the drive was so successful that UNRRA is encouraging the organization of similar compaigns in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and elsewhere. The clothing collected through this method is expected to furnish a substantial part of the supplies available for liberated areas this year and Will thus reduce the amount of textiles and clothing that UNRRA will need from new production. Food By June 30, 1945, UNRRA’s shipments of food from the Western Hemisphere amounted to approximately 498,000 tons. Requisitions for food from the United States which had been approved as of June 30, 1945, amounted to $68,187,000. The most important types of food requested in volume were grains and cereals which are in relatively plentiful supply in this country. Because of the difficulty in obtaining supplies, meats and meat products which have been requisitioned amounted to less than $550,000. The compelling necessity of military demands and the claims of civilians in the supplying countries have meant that shipments of foodstuffs other than grains during the second quarter have fallen far short of the amounts required to meet minimum relief standards. Clothing, Textiles, and Footwear By the end of June, UNRRA had shipped 25,000 tons of clothing, textiles, and footwear from the Western Hemisphere. The Foreign Economic Administration as of June 30, 1945, had authorized the procurement of $103,492,000 worth of clothing, textiles, and footwear. More than three-quarters of the total consisted of textiles and textile fibers to be manufactured into finished garments in factories in the 24 Chart 3 liberated areas as well as finished garments. A considerable portion of the finished garments will, however, be procured from salvageable military clothing. In addition approximately 34,000 tons of used clothing contributed by the people of the United States in the nation-wide drive held in April 1945 were expected to be ready for shipment by the end of this quarter. The UNRRA requests for these supplies which the Foreign Economic Administration had committed to procurement also included footwear valued at $16,535,000. Raw materials, in easier supply than finished or semifinished products, are being sent in increasing quantities. By June 30, 1945, $37,565,000 worth of raw cotton, $18,870,000 worth of raw wool, and $3,706,000 worth of hides and leather had been ordered by the Foreign Economic Administration for UNRRA. Medical Supplies and Equipment By June 30, 1945, UNRRA had shipped more than 3,000 tons of supplies and equipment from the Western Hemisphere. Requisitions for medical supplies and equipment amounted to $26,777,000. This included a wide range of materials, including drugs, medicines, and pharmaceuticals such as penicillin, hospital equipment, surgical instruments and dressings, X-ray equipment and accessories, laboratory equipment and supplies, dental equipment and supplies, sanitation supplies, and miscellaneous medical equipment. 25 Aids to Agricultural Rehabilitation By June 30, 1945, UNRRA had shipped more than 82,000 tons of supplies from the Western Hemisphere for agricultural rehabilitation and had scheduled an additional 516,000 tons for shipment in the third quarter of 1945. They were destined for the following areas: Destination Shipments to June 30 from Western Hemisphere (tons) Scheduled for third quarter shipment (tons) Czechoslovakia 17 823 147 393 Greece 28 325 98 322 Poland 14 937 185 001 Yugoslavia 21^289 76 988 Albania 8 323 Total / 82,374 *516,027 Table 4 More than 82 percent of these shipments consisted of fertilizers and seeds needed to restore agricultural production in Europe. Substantial quantities of pesticides have been shipped from the United Kingdom. Approximately 1.3 percent consisted of livestock needed to restore the animal population in the liberated areas where destruction has been as high as 90 percent. Shipments were planned of as many as 5,000 animals per month to Greece, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and Poland—mostly bred heifers, bulls, and horses. Procurement of farm machinery and equipment for UNRRA in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada began more than a year ago. Of the 74,488 tons procured, 42,500 tons has been allocated by UNRRA for shipment to liberated areas receiving UNRRA assistance and 11,700 tons of this amount had been shipped from the Western Hemisphere by June 30, 1945. The balance, about 32,000 tons, will be sold and distributed to the liberated areas in Western Europe—France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Norway. Aids to Industrial Rehabilitation The immediate needs of the liberated areas to prevent starvation and suffering have had first call upon UNRRA’s resources and shipping, but progress is being made in the procurement of materials and equipment 26 needed for industrial rehabilitation. While only 12,000 tons of such supplies had been shipped by June 30,1945, from the Western Hemisphere, UNRRA’s programs included the procurement of $222,609,000 worth of such supplies by December 31, 1945, totaling 1,361,000 tons. The largest part of this program is devoted to the procurement of trucks and railroad equipment to restore transportation in the liberated areas. But it also includes materials and equipment for the repair of public utilities, coal and petroleum to furnish power for industries, material for repair of factories and workers’ homes, and raw material, semi-manufactures, and equipment needed to start production in the liberated areas. 27 Chapter 4 UNRRA FINANCE Most needs of the liberated countries can and will be met from indigenous resources, but only after they receive the relief and rehabilitation supplies needed from abroad to start the wheels of industry and agriculture turning again. Contributions to UNRRA The financial plan under which UNRRA operates recommends that each uninvaded country contribute to UNRRA an amount equivalent to 1 percent of its national income for the year ending June 30, 1943. In addition, it recommends that all countries, including those invaded, •contribute to the administrative expenses of UNRRA. Operating and administrative contributions authorized, or in process of authorization, totaled $1,862,187,598 as of June 30,1945. Of the operating ■contributions, $1,265,632,533 had been contributed or was available on request and $579,930,065 was in process of contribution. Of the administrative contributions, $13,128,750 had been paid by June 30, 1945. These sums represented the only resources available to UNRRA to meet the vast needs of the liberated areas. ALLOCATIONS, OBLIGATIONS, AND EXPENDITURES OF FUNDS FROM UNRRA APPROPRIATION Cumulative to— Allocations Obligations Expenditures Sept. 30,1944 Dec. 31 Mar. 31,1945 June 30 $79,324,900 161,165,885 272,213,689 425,713,689 $4,465,335 38,306,690 163,077,667 299,011,073 $4,253,423 6,173,417 41,141,536 115,643,317 Table 5 28 United States Appropriation for UNRRA A contribution by the United States of not more than $1,350,000,000 for the work of UNRRA was authorized by the joint resolution of March 28, 1944. The resolution provided that expenditure of any funds appropriated under this authorization was to be made under the direction of the President. This sum represented 1 percent of our total national income in the year ending June 30, 1943. The authorization by the Congress providing for this United States contribution will expire on June 30, 1946. The UNRRA Participation Appropriation Act, approved on June 30, 1944 (see Appendix II, p. 44) appropriated to the President $450,000,000 to be made available for the work of UNRRA. This act also authorized the transfer of an additional $350,000,000 in supplies, services, or funds available for disposition or expenditure under the Lend-Lease Act, provided that the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff should certify that the state of war permitted the utilization of such supplies, services, or funds for UNRRA purposes. After such certification, ut'lization of such supplies, services, or funds could then be undertaken only with the approval of the Administrator of the Foreign Economic Administration. Approval for such utilization of the additional $350,000,000 in supplies, services, or funds was given on June 27, 1945,. in a letter signed by Admiral William D. Leahy, acting for the Joint Chiefs of Staff, addressed to the, Administrator of the Foreign Economic Administration. Following such approval, the Administrator directed that $100,000,000 of funds appropriated to the President for lend-lease purposes be set aside for procurement on behalf of UNRRA of such commodities, supplies, or services as may be requested by UNRRA through the facilities of the Foreign Economic Administration. A portion of the $350,000,000 authorized to be transferred will be used to purchase supplies procured for lend-lease purposes but now in surplus stocks of United States agencies. By Executive Order, the President vested in the Administrator of the Foreign Economic Administration the responsibility for the expenditure of the funds appropriated for UNRRA and the provision of supplies and services. Under this authority the Administrator had allocated to the procuring and servicing agencies as of June 30,1945, a total of $426,000,000. Funds transferred directly by the Foreign Economic Administration to UNRRA amounted to $51,000,000 as of June 30. The break-down of this total, by purpose, is shown in Table 6. As indicated there, the largest amount was transferred to finance purchases of commodities outside the United States in connection with the UNRRA program of relief and rehabilitation. The UNRRA Council has recommended that as much as possible, but not less than 10 percent of the contribution of each member nation, be made available to UNRRA for expenditure in areas outside the contributing country. 29 ALLOCATIONS, OBLIGATIONS, AND EXPENDITURES OF FUNDS FROM UNRRA APPROPRIATION As of June 30, 1945 Classification Allocations Obligations Expenditures Supplies: Foods, fats, and oils $84 017 064 $84,016,544 $11,059,248 Clothing, textiles, and shoes. . 113^485346 67,566333 20'l 03323 Medical supplies and equip.. 26,346,270 17,096,834 173,403 Industrial equipment 20,365,321 4,010,412 20,721 Communication and transpor- tation equipment 23,780,133 22,525,986 18,847,526 Other equipment 1*147*853 '616316 ' 61'422 Agricultural supplies and equipment 26,920,208 20,180,730 12,122,419 Miscellaneous manufactured products 6,215,777 1,636,824 265,506 Fuel lubricants petroleum . . . 975 Miscellaneous raw materials. . 3,641,516 242,949 11,443 Reserve for accessorial costs. • 22,546,864 22,546,864 147,785 Subtotal 328 467 327 240,439,992 62,812,796 Unallotted alloc. 23,732,673 Total supplies............ 352,200,000 240,439,992 62,812,796 Services: Ocean transportation 20,500,000 5,632,826 59,400 Relief and rehabilitation 648*689 573355 460,120 Administrative expenses..... 1,000,000 1,000,000 946,001 Total services 22,148,689 7,206,081 1,465.521 Funds transferred to UNRRA for: U. S. share of UNRRA’s ad- ministrative expenses 7,000,000 7,000,000 7,000,000 Domestic working fund 1300300 1,300,000 1,300,000 Chinese training program fund. *145300 145,000 145,000 Overseas working fund 250,000 250,000 250,000 United national clothing col- lection fund . 350,000 350,000 350,000 Relief and rehabilitation 1,570300 1,570,000 1,570,000 Handling and accessorial services fund 750,000 750,000 750,000 Currency fund to finance pur- chases outside United States. 40,000,000 40,000,000 40,000,000 Total funds transferred..... 51,365,000 51,365,000 51,365,000 Grand Total ’ 425,713,689 299,011,073 115,643,317 Table 6 30 Following the initial planning stage, UNRRA operations have been accelerated in recent months. This has resulted in a great increase in the rate of procurement in the United States and in the expenditure of funds from the United States contribution. The accelerated trend is shown in Table 5, page 28. Status of Contributions Made Available to UNRRA As of June 30, 1945, UNRRA had made requests upon supplying governments to deliver relief and rehabilitation goods and to provide shipping and other services amounting to $773,009,000. To meet these obligations, it had available contributions amounting to $1,265,632,533 while an additional $23,013,050 had been appropriated but had been deferred until 1946 and 1947. From the above, it can be seen that at the end of the second quarter UNRRA had already committed a heavy proportion of its current resources—about 60 percent. Supply programs provide for the commitment of more than $1,100,-000,000 by the end of the third quarter, which will exhaust practically all of UNRRA’s resources. To fulfill these programs designed to aid the liberated countries to aid themselves, UNRRA will need the remaining $550,000,000 of the United States contribution which was authorized by the joint resolution of March 28, 1944, but which has not yet been appropriated by the Congress,..................... 31 STATUS OF CONTRIBUTIONS—SUMMARY—ALL COUNTRIES AS OF JUNE 30, 1945 (In U. S. Dollar Equivalents) 1. Total contributions authorized or in process of authorization: a. Operating funds...... $1, 845, 562, 598 b. Administrative funds. 16,625,000 c. Total..................................... $1,862,187,59» 2. Contributions in process: a. Operating funds: (1) Available in 1945. . . $3, 474, 282 (2) Available in 1946. . . .14, 541, 035 (3) Available in 1947. . . 11,914,748 (4) Availability date undetermined ................ 550, 000, 000 (5) Total................. 579,930,065 b. Administrative funds. ........ 3, 496, 250 c. Total.............................................. 583,426,315 3. Contributions paid or available on request: a. Operating funds............ $1, 265, 632, 533 b. Administrative funds....... 13,128,750 c. Total.................................... 1, 278, 761, 283 4. Contributions committed by UNRRA: a. Operating funds............... 728,461,000 b. Administrative funds...... 8,750,000 c. Total.............................................. 737,211,000 5. Contributions available for commitment by UNRRA: a. Operating funds............. $537, 171, 533 b. Administrative funds...... 4,378,750 c. Total................................................... 541, 550, 283 Table 7 32 Table 8 STATUS OF CONTRIBUTIONS BY MEMBER GOVERNMENTS AS OF JUNE 30, 1945 [In United States dollar equivalents] Ö 75 75~ 75 CQ Status of contribution as of Sept. 15, 194 Administrative contributions paid full. Do. Administrative contributions pai $5,833; due in 1945, $11,667. Administrative contributions pa in full. Administrative contributions nai $52,001; due in 1945, $499. Administrative contributions pa in full. Operating contributions in procei $4,133,333. Total, all con- tributions o' o oo 175, 000 95, 238 30, 000, 000 69, 369, 369 2, 153, 312 875, 000 2, 356, 493 400, 000 35, 000 175, 000 350, 000 150, 000 122, 500 ive contri- 1 • • co a Due in 1945 $112, 500 o o o in in' c m 375, 000 22, 500 8, 750 15, 000 75, 000 5 oc 52, 500 Administrât 5 42 Paid $150, 000 100, 000 262, 500 000 529 500, 000 30, 000 20, 000 000 001 8, 750 70, 000 M a o 3 3 In process of contribution $51, 825 20, 000, 000 CN C< a O • • • • 2, 303, 993 c ir CS O' • • • • • 105, 000 • • O o bo S S U a, D Paid or avail- able on request $38, 137, 500 25, 913 9, 737, 500 68, 844, 369 236, 250 /J 5 3 1 2 * 5 Australia. :........ Belgium. Bolivia Brazil. Canada t X U China.... Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Czechoslovakia Dominican Republic. Ecuador Egypt 33 STATUS OF CONTRIBUTIONS BY MEMBER GOVERNEMNTS AS OF JUNE 30, 1945—Continued [In United States dollar equivalents] Government Operating contributions Administrative contributions Total, all contributions Status of contribution as of Sept. 15, 1945 Paid or available on request In process of contribution Paid Due in 1945 El Salvador $5, 000 $3, 750 $8, 750 Operating contributions in process, $120,000. Ethiopia France C) 0) 8, 750 400, 000 300, 000 8, 750 700, 000 Administrative contributions paid in full. Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras C) $40, 000 87, 500 8, 750 8, 750 8, 750 87, 500 8, 750 48, 750 8, 750 Operating contributions paid or available on request, $50,000. Iceland India 587, 699 23, 342, 027 8, 750 400, 000 300, 000 596, 449 24, 042, 027 Operating contributions paid or available on request, $709,225. Administrative contributions paid in full. Iran Iraq Liberia 11,250 8, 750 17, 500 17, 500 17, 500 17, 500 20, 000 Do. Refunded $6,250 of the $11,250 recorded as paid for operating contributions; balance of $5,000 being retained for tentative allocation of Luxembourg 0) administrative expenses in 1946. 5, 000 3, 750 8, 750 Administrative contributions paid in full. co Mexico 1, 078, 000 $2, 401, 000 70, 000 52, 500 3, 601, 500 Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua 0) 8, 423, 500 150, 000 52, 500 5, 000 112, 500 3, 750 262, 500 8, 476, 000 8, 750 Do. Operating contributions in process, $120,000. Norway Panama Paraguay Peru 0) 133, 333 767, 692 266, 667 29, 710 188, 558 52, 500 8, 750 25, 000 8, 750 18, 750 52, 500 408, 750 38, 460 1, 000, 000 Operating contributions paid or available on request, $9,900; in process, $19,799. Philippines Poland Union of South Af- C) C) 1, 007, 500 932, 500 8, 750 100, 000 100, 000 75, 000 75, 000 8, 750 175, 000 2,115, 000 Operating contributions paid or rica. available on request, $3,955,000; in process, $14,005,000. Administrative contributions paid in full. U. S. S. R (5 200, 000 1, 550, 000 1, 750, 000 Administrative contributions paid, $1,000,000; due in 1945, $750,000. United Kingdom. . . 319, 775, 000 2, 625, 000 . 322, 400, 000 U. S. A Uruguay Venezuela. 793, 000, 000 485, 000 550, 000, 000 1, 000, 000 7, 000, 000 10, 000 35, 000 7, 500 1, 350, 000, 000 520, 000 1, 017, 500 Administrative contributions paid in full. Yugoslavia 0 5, 000 117, 500 122, 500 Administrative contributions paid $70,000; due in 1945, $52,500. Total as of June 1, 265, 632, 533 579, 930, 065 13, 128, 750 3, 496, 250 1,862,187, 598 30, 1945. Total as of Sept. 1, 268, 750, 254 597, 365, 987 15, 415, 334 1, 228, 416 1, 882, 759, 991 Includes administrative contribution 15, 1945. of Denmark due in 1945, $18,750. 1 Liberated country. The Council recommended that contributions for operations be made primarily by member governments whose home territory was not occupied by the enemy. u> UI APPENDICES Appendix 1 UNRRA JOINT RESOLUTION To enable the United States to participate in the work of the United Nations relief and rehabilitation organization Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there is hereby authorized to be appropriated to the President such sums, not to exceed ¿1,350,000,000 in the aggregate, as the Congress may determine from time to time to be appropriated for participation by the United States (including contributions in funds or otherwise and all necessary expenses related thereto) in the work of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, established by an agreement concluded by the United Nations and Associated Governments on November 9, 1943, reading as follows: “AGREEMENT FOR UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND REHABILITATION ADMINISTRATION “The Governments or Authorities whose duly authorized representatives have subscribed hereto, “Being United Nations or being associated with the United Nations in this war, “Being determined that immediately upon the liberation of any area by the armed forces of the United Nations or as a consequence of retreat of the enemy the population thereof shall receive aid and relief from their sufferings, food, clothing, and shelter, aid in the prevention of pestilence and in the recovery of the health of the people, and that preparation and arrangements shall be made for the return of prisoners and exiles to their homes and for assistance in the resumption of urgently needed agricultural and industrial production and the restoration of essential services, “Have agreed as follows: “Article I “There is hereby established the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. “1. The Administration shall have power to acquire, hold, and convey property, to enter into contracts and undertake obligations, to designate 36 or create agencies and to review the activities of agencies so created, to manage undertakings and in general to perform any legal act appropriate to its objects and purposes. “2. Subject to the provisions of Article VII, the purposes and functions of the Administration shall be as follows: “(a) To plan, coordinate, administer, or arrange for the administration of measures for the relief of victims of war in any area under the control of any of the United Nations through the provision of food, fuel, clothing, shelter, and other basic necessities, medical and other essential services; and to facilitate in such areas, so far as necessary to the adequate provision of relief, the production and transportation of these articles and the furnishing of these services. The form of activities of the Administration within the territory of a member government wherein that government exercises administrative authority and the responsibility to be assumed by the member government for carrying out measures planned by the Administration therein shall be determined after consultation with and with the consent of the member government. “(b) To formulate and recommend measures for individual or joint action by any or all of the member governments for the coordination of purchasing, the use of ships and other procurement activities in the period following the cessation of hostilities, with a view to integrating the plans and activities of the Administration with the total movement of supplies, and for the purpose of achieving an equitable distribution of available supplies. The Administration may administer such coordination measures as may be authorized by the member governments concerned. “(c) To study, formulate, and recommend for individual or joint action by any or all of the member governments measures with respect to such related matters, arising out of its experience in planning and performing the work of relief and rehabilitation, as may be proposed by any of the member governments. Such proposals shall be studied and recommendations formulated if the proposals are supported by a vote of the Council, and the recommendations shall be referred to any or all of the member governments for individual or joint action if approved by unanimous vote of the Central Committee and by vote of the Council. “Article II “membership “The members of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration shall be the governments or authorities signatory hereto and such other governments or authorities as may, upon application for membership, be admitted thereto by action of the Council. The Council may, if it desires, authorize the Central Committee to accept new members between sessions of the Council. 37 “Wherever the term ‘member government’ is used in this Agreement it shall be construed to mean a member of the Administration whether a government or an authority. “Article III “the council “1. Each member government shall name one representative, and such alternates as may be necessary, upon the Council of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, which shall be the policy-making body of the Administration. The Council shall, for each of its sessions; select one of its members to preside at the session. The Council shall determine its own rules of procedure. Unless otherwise provided by the Agreement or by action of the Council, the Council shall vote by simple majority. “2. The Council shall be convened in regular session not less than twice a year by the Central Committee. It may be convened in special session whenever the Central Committee shall deem necessary, and shall be convened within thirty days after request therefor by one-third of the members of the council. “3. The Central Committee of the Council shall consist of the representatives of China, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, with the Director General presiding, without vote. Between sessions of the Council it shall, when necessary make policy decisions of an emergency nature. All such decisions shall be recorded in the minutes of the Central Committee which shall be communicated promptly to each member government. Such decisions shall be open to reconsideration by the Council at any regular session or at any special session called in accordance with Article III, paragraph 2. The Central Committee shall invite the participation of the representative of any member government at those of its meetings at which action of special interest to such government is discussed. It shall invite the participation of the representative serving as Chairman of the Committee on Supplies of the Council at those of its meetings at which policies affecting the provision of supplies are discussed. “4. The Committee on Supplies of the Council shall consist of the members of the Council, or their alternates, representing those member governments likely to be principal suppliers of materials for relief and rehabilitation. The members shall be appointed by the Council, and the Council may authorize the Central Committee to make emergency appointments between sessions of the Council, such appointments to continue until the next session of the Council. The Committee on Supplies shall consider, formulate, and recommend to the Council and the Central Committee policies designed to assure the provision of required supplies. The Central Committee shall from time to time meet with the Committee on Supplies to review policy matters affecting supplies. 38 “5. The Committee of the Council for Europe shall consist of all the members of the Council, or their alternates, representing member governments of territories within the European area and such other members of the Council representing other governments directly concerned with the problems of relief and rehabilitation in the European area as shall be appointed by the Council; the Council may authorize the Central Committee to make these appointments in cases of emergency between sessions of the Council, such appointments to continue until the next session of the Council. The Committee of the Council for the Far East shall consist of all the members of the Council, or their alternates, representing member governments of territories within the Far Eastern area and such other members of the Council representing other governments directly concerned with the problems of relief and rehabilitation in the Far Eastern area as shall be appointed by the Council; the Council may authorize the Central Committee to make these appointments in cases of emergency between sessions of the Council, such appointments to continue until the next session of the Council. The regional committees shall normally meet within their respective areas. They shall consider and recommend to the Council and the Central Committee policies with respect to relief and rehabilitation within their respective areas. The Committee of the Council for Europe shall replace the Inter-Allied Committee on European Post-war Relief established in London on September 24, 1941, and the records of the latter shall be made available to the Committee for Europe. “6. The Council shall establish such other standing regional committees as it shall consider desirable, the functions of such committees and the method of appointing their members being identical to that provided in Article HI, paragraph 5, with respect to the Committees of the Council for Europe and for the Far East. The Council shall also establish such other standing committees as it considers desirable to advise it, and, in intervals between sessions of the Council, to advise the Central Committee. For such standing technical committees as may be established, in respect of particular problems such as nutrition, health, agriculture, transport, repatriation, and finance, the members may be members of the Council or alternates nominated by them because of special competence in their respective fields of work. The members shall be appointed by the Council, and the Council may authorize the Central Committee to make emergency appointments between sessions of the Council, such appointments to continue until the next session of the Council. Should a regional committee so desire, subcommittees of the standing technical committees shall be established by the technical committees in consultation with the regional committees, to advise the regional committees. “7. The travel and other expenses of members of the Council and of members of its committees shall be borne by the governments which they represent. 39 “8. All reports and recommendations of committees of the Council shall be transmitted to the Director General for distribution to the Council and the Central Committee by the secretariat of the Council established under the provisions of Article IV, paragraph 4. “Article IV “the director general “1. The executive authority of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration shall be in the Director General, who shall be appointed by the Council on the nomination by unanimous vote of the Central Committee. The Director General may be removed by the Council on recommendation by unanimous vote of the Central Committee. “2. The Director General shall have full power and authority for carrying out relief operations contemplated by Article I, paragraph 2 (a), within the limits of available resources and the broad policies determined by the Council or its Central Committee. Immediately upon taking office he shall in conjunction with the military and other appropriate authorities of the United Nations prepare plans for the emergency relief of the civilian population in any area occupied by the armed forces of any of the United Nations, arrange for the procurement and assembly of the necessary supplies, and create or select the emergency organization required for this purpose. In arranging for the procurement, transportation, and distribution of supplies and services, he and his representatives shall consult and collaborate with the appropriate authorities of the United Nations and shall, wherever practicable, use the facilities made available by such authorities. Foreign voluntary relief agencies may not engage in activity in any area receiving relief from the Administration without the consent and unless subject to the regulation of the Director General. The powers and duties of the Director General are subject to the limitations of Article VII. “3. The Director General shall also be responsible for the organization and direction of the functions contemplated by Article I, paragraphs 2 (b) and 2 (c). “4. The Director General shall appoint such Deputy Directors General, officers, expert personnel, and staff at his headquarters and elsewhere, including field missions, as he shall find necessary, and he may delegate to them such of his powers as he may deem appropriate. The Director General, or upon his authorization the Deputy Directors General, shall supply such secretariat and other staff and facilities as shall be required by the Council and its committees, including the regional committees and subcommittees. Such Deputy Directors General as shall be assigned special functions within a region shall attend meetings of the regional standing committee whenever possible and shall keep it advised on the progress of the relief and rehabilitation program within the region. 40 “5. The Director General shall make periodic reports to the Central Committee and to the Council covering the progress of the Administration’s activities. The reports shall be made public except for such portions as the Central Committee may consider it necessary, in the interest of the United Nations, to keep confidential; if a report affects the interests of a member government in such a way as to render it questionable whether it should be published, such government shall have an opportunity of expressing its views on the question of publication. The Director General shall also arrange to have prepared periodic reports covering the activities of the Administration within each region and he shall transmit such reports with his comments thereon to the Council, the Central Committee, and the respective regional committees. “Article V “supplies and resources “1. Insofar as its appropriate constitutional bodies shall authorize, each member government will contribute to the support of the Administration in order to accomplish the purposes of Article I, paragraph 2 (a). The amount and character of the contributions of each member government under this provision will be determined from time to time by its appropriate constitutional bodies. All such contributions received by the Administration shall be accounted for. “2. The supplies and resources made available by the member governments shall be kept in review in relation to prospective requirements by the Director General, who shall initiate action with the member governments with a view to assuring such additional supplies and resources as may be required. “3. All purchases by any of the member governments, to be made outside their own territories during the war for relief or rehabilitation purposes, shall be made only after consultation with the Director General, and shall, so far as practicable, be carried out through the appropriate United Nations agency. “Article VI “administrative expenses “The Director General shall submit to the Council an annual budget, and from time to time such supplementary budgets as may be required, covering the necessary administrative expenses of the Administration. Upon approval of a budget by the Council the total amount approved shall be allocated to the member governments in proportions to be determined by the Council. Each member government undertakes, subject to the requirements of its constitutional procedure, to contribute to the Administration promptly its share of the administrative expenses so determined. 41 “Article VII “Notwithstanding any other provision herein contained, while hostilities or other military necessities exist in any area, the Administration and its Director General shall not undertake activities therein without the consent •of the military command of that area, and unless subject to such control as the command may find necessary. The determination that such hostilities or military necessities exist in any area shall be made by its military commander. “Article VIII “amendment “The provisions of this Agreement may be amended as follows: “a. Amendments involving new obligations for member governments shall require the approval of the Council by a two-thirds vote and shall take effect for each member government on acceptance by it; “b. Amendments involving modification of Article III or Article IV shall take effect on adoption by the Council by a two-thirds vote, including the votes of all the members of the Central Committee; “c. Other amendments shall take effect on adoption by the Council by a two-thirds vote. “Article IX “entry into force “This Agreement shall enter into force with respect to each signatory on the date when the Agreement is signed by that signatory, unless otherwise specified by such signatory. “Article X “withdrawal “Any member government may give notice of withdrawal from the Administration at any time after the expiration of six months from the entry into force of the Agreement for that government. Such notice shall take effect twelve months after the date of its communication to the Director General subject to the member government having met by that time all financial, supply, or other material obligations accepted or undertaken by it.” Sec. 2. Amounts appropriated under this resolution shall be expended under the direction of the President pursuant to section 1 hereof. The President shall submit to the Congress quarterly reports of expenditures made under any such appropriations and of operations under the Agreement. 42 Sec. 3. In the adoption of this joint resolution the Congress expresses its approval of and reliance upon the policy adopted by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration at the first session of the Council, summarized in paragraph 11 of Resolution Numbered 12, and reading as follows: “11. The task of rehabilitation must not be considered as the beginning of reconstruction—it is coterminous with relief. No new construction or reconstruction work is contemplated, but only rehabilitation as defined in the preamble of the Agreement. Problems such as unemployment are important, but not determining factors. They are consequences and, at the same time, motives of action. The Administration cannot be called upon to help restore continuous employment in the world.” Sec. 4. In expressing its approval of this joint resolution, it is the recommendation of Congress that insofar as funds and facilities permit, any area (except within enemy territory and while occupied by the enemy) important to the military operations of the United Nations which is stricken by famine or disease may be included in the benefits to be made available through the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Sec. 5. No amendment under article VIII (a) of the agreement involving any new obligation for the United States shall be binding upon the United States without approval by joint resolution of Congress. Sec. 6. In adopting this joint resolution the Congress does so with the following reservation: That in the case of the United States the appropriate constitutional body to determine the amount and character and time of the contributions of the United States is the Congress of the United States. Sec. 7. In adopting to is joint resolution the Congress does so with the following reservation: That it is understood that the provision in paragraph 11 of resolution numbered 12 adopted at the first session of the council, referred to in section 3 of this joint resolution and reading “The task of rehabilitation must not be considered as the beginning of reconstruction—it is coterminous with relief,” contemplates that rehabilitation means and is confined only to such activities as are necessary to relief. Sec. 8. In adopting this joint resolution the Congress does so with the following reservation: That the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration shall not be authorized to enter into contracts or undertake or incur obligations beyond the limits of appropriations made under this authorization and by other countries and receipts from other sources. Sec. 9. The authorization contained in this joint resolution shall expire on June 30, 1946. Public Law 267—78th Congress. Approved March 28, 1944. 43 APPENDIX II UNRR A PARTICIPATION APPROPRIATION ACT, 1945 Seg. 201 : To enable the President to carry out the provisions of the Act of March 28, 1944 (Public Law 267), and for each and every purpose incident thereto or necessary therefor, $450,000,000, not to exceed $21,700,000 shall be available for procurement of sixty-one million seven hundred thousand pounds of domestic raw wool, or such amount of domestic raw wool as the foregoing sum will purchase, from stock piles of the United States Government existing on the date of the approval of this Act and not to exceed $43,200,000 shall be available for procurement of three hundred and forty-five thousand five hundred bales of domestic cotton, or such amount of domestic cotton as the foregoing sum will purchase, owned by the Commodity Credit Corporation, to be available immediately and to remain available until June 30, 1946: Provided, That (1) any sums allocated by the President to any executive department, independent establishment, or agency for any of the purposes hereof, from funds appropriated by or authorized to be expended under this title or from funds made available by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, may be expended without regard to those provisions of law waived by law, with respect to the expenditure of Government funds by such department, independent establishment, or agency; (2) the appropriations, funds, or accounts of any executive department, independent establishment, or agency shall be reimbursed or credited from sums allocated hereunder, except as hereinafter provided, for any supplies or services procured from such appropriations or funds or by use of such accounts and furnished for any of the purposes hereof; and (3) any supplies or services procured from funds appropriated by or authorized to be expended under this tide may be retained by or transferred to any executive department, independent establishment, or agency, and said funds shall be reimbursed from payments made in return therefor by such department, independent establishment, or agency: Provided further, That any officer or employee of any executive department, independent establishment, or agency who is detailed to the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration and compensated hereunder, either directly or by reimbursement of applicable appropriations or funds, shall, while so detailed, retain and be entitled to the rights, benefits, privileges, and status of an officer or employe of the Untied States and of the department, independent establishment, or agency from which detailed. 44 Sec. 202. In addition to the sum appropriated by section 201 of this title any supplies, services, or funds available for disposition or expenditure by the President under the Act of March 11, 1941, as amended (22 U. S. G. 411-419), and Acts supplementary thereto, may be disposed of or expended by the President to carry out the provisions of the Act of March 28, 1944, without reimbursement of the appropriations from which such supplies or services were procured or such funds were provided: Provided, That the supplies, services, and funds disposed of or expended, under the authority of this section shall not exceed a total value, as determined under regulations to be approved by the President of $350,000,000 and shall be charged to the amount authorized to be appropriated by said Act of March 28, 1944: Provided further, That the authority granted by this section shall not become effective until the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff shall have issued a certification that the state of the war permits the exercise of such authority and the utilization of lend-lease supplies, services, or funds for the purposes of section 201 of this title; and after such certification such utilization shall be upon the determination of the Administrator of the Foreign Economic Administration. Sec. 203. This title may be cited as “United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration Participation Appropriation Act, 1945.” Public Law 382—78th Congress, Title II. Approved June 30, 1944. 45 Appendix III EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 9453 PROVIDING FOR THE PARTICIPATION BY THE UNITED STATES IN THE WORK OF THE UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND REHABILITATION ADMINISTRATION By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States by the Constitution and statutes, and in order to facilitate the participation of the United States in the work of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, it is hereby ordered as follows: 1. Subject to such policies and directions as the President may from time to time prescribe, the Administrator of the Foreign Economic Administration is authorized and directed to exercise and perform, through any Executive department, independent establishment, or agency, all the functions and authority with respect to the expenditure of funds, and the provision of supplies and services related thereto, vested in the President by Public Law 267, approved March 28, 1944, and the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration Participation Appropriation Act, 1945. 2. Subject to the provisions of the Agreement for United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, concluded November 9, 1943, the United States representative on the Council of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, as named by the President, shall designate or arrange for the designation of United States alternates on the Council, and of United States members and alternates on committees and subcommittees of the Council. 3. All activities of the United States Government pertaining to its participation and membership in the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration shall be carried on in conformity with the foreign policy of the United States as defined by the Secretary of State. Franklin D. Roosevelt. The White House, July 6, 1944. 46 Appendix IV THE PRESIDENT’S LETTER TO THE FEA ADMINISTRATOR OUTLINING FEA’S RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE WORK OF UNRRA Honorable Leo T. Crowley, Administrator, Foreign Economic Administration, Washington, D. C. My Dear Mr. Crowley: I have today signed an Executive order relating to participation by the United States in the work of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. In the performance of your responsibilities under that order, you will operate under the provisions of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration Agreement of November 9, 1943, and Resolutions thereunder of Public Law 267 of March 28, 1944, and of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration Participation Appropriation Act, 1945. The success of UNRRA depends to a large extent upon the successful execution of the important functions of the Foreign Economic Administration which has a major part in assuring thât UNRRA has available to it, when needed, the essential supplies, services, and funds. We should furnish every possible assistance to the Director General of UNRRA in his discharge of the duties which the Council has assigned to him in accordance with the Agreement. Those duties include the determination of relief and rehabilitation needs, the preparation of requests for supplies, the distribution of supplies and services among liberated peoples, and accounting for the use of resources contributed by member Nations. I have already stressed to the United States allocating agencies the importance,of relief and rehabilitation programs. It is of great importance, as a matter of national policy, that there be available in all liberated areas those supplies that will be necessary for the health and welfare of peoples in those areas. The supplies and services contributed by the United States through UNRRA are intended to help them to help themselves. In accordance with that policy, I am sure you will recognize in all your work relative to UNRRA the major significance of its needs and will press their importance throughout your Administration and with the allocating, procurement, and other agencies assisting in the work. You will provide at UNRRA’s request supplies and services for the relief of victims of war in accordance with the Agreement, Council Resolutions, and applicable laws of the United States, so long as such requests do not unduly dislocate the other supply programs with which FEA is concerned; 47 Beyond the point of transfer or delivery of supplies, services, and funds from the United States to UNRRA, we should look to the United States representative on the Council to assure propriety, consistency, and efficiency in the administration of this relief and rehabilitation program. The Director General will make periodic reports to the Central Committee and to the Council covering the progress of UNRRA’s activities, which reports will be available to you. In case you need additional reports, you should arrange with the United States representative to obtain them for you. The bulk of the United States contribution will, of course, be expended for United States supplies and services. Each member Nation, however, is requested under one of the UNRRA Resolutions to furnish at least 10 percent of its contribution in such form of currency as can be expended outside of the contributing country. Since the Congress has made a direct appropriation of $450,000,000 to enable the United States to participate in the work of the UNRRA, it is expected that you will transfer up to $45,000,000 to the Director General at his request and up to $35,000,000 additional when the transfer authority of $350,000,000 provided by Sec. 202 of the Appropriation Act becomes operative, as hereinafter indicated. In the event that UNRRA should request the transfer of funds for such purposes in excess of the amounts provided for above, you are authorized to make such further direct transfers as you deem advisable. Under another Resolution of the Council, I am informed, the United States share of the UNRRA administrative expenses for the period ending December 31, 1944, is $4,000,000. You should accordingly transfer this sum at once to the Director General. Additional funds should be provided for this purpose for succeeding periods as the Council shall recommend. All United States funds transferred to UNRRA will be expended at the discretion of the Director General in accordance with the broad policies determined by the Council or its Central Committee. I will want to consult with you, as developments dictate, prior to the transfer of supplies, services, or funds under the provisions of Sec. 202 of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration Participation Appropriation Act, 1945. The success of the UNRRA program will depend upon the good faith and generous assistance of each member Nation. In the case of the United States, I know that I can count upon you to serve as guide, counsel, and friend to the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Sincerely yours, [s] Franklin D. Roosevelt. The White House, July 6, 1944. 48 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1941