Physical Demands Analysis and Physical Capacities Appraisal

[Physical Demands Analysis and Physical Capacities Appraisal]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

PHYSICAL DEMANDS
- ANALYSIS AND PHYSICAL CAPACITIES « APPRAISAL^#
WAR MANPOWER COMMISSION BUREAU OF MANPOWER UTILIZATION
DIVISION OF OCCUPATIONAL ANALYSIS
Washington, D. C.
PHYSICAL DEMANDS ANALYSIS AND PHYSICAL CAPACITIES APPRAISAL
This manual does not present a complete description of the plan for selective placement of the handicapped. It presents instructions for obtaining and matching information concerning the physical demands of jobs and the physical capacities of workers. The selective placement process is described in another handbook.
WAR MANPOWER COMMISSION BUREAU OF MANPOWER UTILIZATION Division of Occupational Analysis Washington, D. C.
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1945
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 10 cents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I. Introduction__________________________________ 1
II. Physical Demands Analysis---------.------- 3
TIT. The Physical Demands Form---------------------------- 5
IV. Physical Capacities Appraisal________________ 15
V. The Physical Capacities Form---------------- 17
VI. Matching Physical Capacities With Physical Demands__________________________________________ 24
VII. Definitions of Physical Activities---------- 33
VIII. Definitions of Working Conditions------------ 34
Appendix----------------------------------- 36
II
I. INTRODUCTION
In order to bring about the successful placement of workers in jobs, the placement officer must have basic information about both the requirements of jobs and the qualifications of applicants- to meet these requirements. Complete information about the requirements of jobs includes a statement of the duties that are performed, how they are performed, and the skills and physical demands involved. Complete information about the qualifications of applicants includes such factors as work experience, education, interests, aptitudes, and physical capacities.
The principal techniques for obtaining information about the requirements of jobs are the employer interview and job analysis.1 Information about the qualifications of applicants is determined through the use of such techniques as interviews, tests, and physical examinations.
Successful placement involves the consideration of all of these factors; however, in the placement of workers with physical limitations, particular emphasis must be given to the physical requirements of jobs and the physical capacities of workers.
The physical requirements of jobs are determined by physical demands analysis which is one phase of job analysis. The physical capacities of workers are determined by the physical capacities appraisal in which medical information is translated into the same terminology as the physical demands information. The appraisals made by the physician and the dnalyses made by the job analyst are then compared by the place
1 For a complete description of the method used in making job analyses, see Training and Reference Manual for Job Analysis (Government Printing Office, June 1944).
ment officer in order to match the physical capacities of workers with the physical requirements of jobs. It is the purpose of this manual to describe the principles of this technique of relating physical demands and capacities information and to provide instructions for the job analyst, the physician, and the placement officer in the preparation and matching of physical demands and physical capacities forms.
The technique of physical demands analysis of jobs and physical capacities appraisal of workers has several advantageous characteristics. It represents a positive approach by emphasizing the specific capacities of workers rather than their handicaps. It points out what a worker can do whatever his handicap may be rather than stressing his limitations and what he cannot do. There is no necessity for classifying workers as able-bodied or handicapped. All workers can be regarded as possessing various degrees of physical capacities for work. The technique eliminates the necessity for establishing general standards of “pass” and “fail” for physical examinations.
It provides an individual approach in that it deals with all workers as individuals rather than as belonging to various disability groups. The individual rather than the group approach is more sound since the variation in those physical capacities not affected by the disability is as great as that for the general population. The problem, therefore, must be answered on an individual basis. This approach overcomes the shortcomings of lists of jobs suitable for the handicapped such as a list of jobs suitable for workers with a leg amputation. It is the individual who must be matched with a job and not a group of
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workers with a group of jobs. Moreover, such lists may be harmful in that they tend to limit the number of jobs indicated as suitable for workers classed in the disability group since the lists are usually not exhaustive. On the other hand, any given list is likely to include many jobs which are not suitable for some of the individuals in that disability group because they do not possess all of the qualifications.
It provides a specific approach since it determines the specific capacities of workers and the specific requirements of jobs. Too often workers have been classified as being suited to “light,” “moderate,” or “heavy” work. These classifications give no indication of the worker’s specific physical capacities.
It is applicable to the placement of all workers—male or female, young or old, able-bodied or handicapped, emotionally stable or unstable. Although it is particularly helpful in the selective placement of the handicapped, its use is not restricted to that group alone. Its use as a technique for placing women or for placing able-bodied workers on energy consuming jobs is equally important.
It establishes a common terminology for the job analyst, the physician, and the placement officer. It eliminates the necessity for the placement officer to make his own interpretations of a work-
, er’s physical capacities on the basis of a medical diagnosis recorded in technical terms.
It permits keeping the diagnosis confidential when it is so desired. Since the physician gives specific information concerning the worker’s physical capaci
ties, no diagnostic data whatsoever need be revealed and the confidential doctorpatient relationship is thus maintained. It is not absolutely necessary that the placement officer should know, for example, what disability is behind a weightlifting restriction provided that he knows that the worker has the physical capacity to lift a certain number of pounds.
The technique is applicable both in the placement and transfer of workers. It may be used in the initial placement of workers on jobs which are in line with their physical capacities. It may also be used when it becomes necessary to transfer workers to other jobs because of changes in their physical capacities resulting from illness or injury.
Physical demands analysis is useful in industrial and safety engineering for determining the specific physical activities and working conditions of jobs in order to reduce or eliminate excessive job demands and thus make jobs less energy consuming and less hazardous. It is also used in job evaluation as a means of estimating the energy output required of workers.
The technique of physical demands analysis and physical capacities appraisal is applicable in vocational rehabilitation work as an aid in determining vocational training suitable for the individual in light of his physical capacities and the physical demands of the job. It supplies information useful in determining the physical training necessary to the individual’s physical restoration. It is also helpful in the selection of prosthetic appliances necessary to insure maximum adjustment on a specific job.
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II. PHYSICAL DEMANDS ANALYSIS
Physical demands analysis is that phase of jab analysis by which the job analyst determines the physical activities and working conditions involved in jobs. Depending upon the kind of job information that is needed in a particular situation, physical demands analysis is best carried on in conjunction with other aspects of job analysis. For instance, when the skill requirements of jobs need to be determined, physical demands analyses should be prepared as part of job analysis schedules. When the requirements of employers for filling jobs are needed, physical demands analyses should be prepared together with job specifications. When, however, «ufficient information is at hand on the skill requirements and specifications of jobs, physical demands analyses may be prepared independently.
Most job analysts are familiar with the concepts that a position is made up of a group of tasks requiring the full-time services of one individual, and that a job is made up of a group of positions which are identical with respect to their major tasks. These concepts apply to all aspects of job analysis including physical demands analysis.
When analyzing the skill requirements of jobs in a plant, the analyst usually prepares only one job analysis schedule for each job analyzed. This is done because the skill requirements of a job remain relatively constant throughout the plant. In physical demands analysis work, however, it may be necessary to prepare several physical demands analysis forms on one job. This is necessary because the physical and environmental requirements of a job may vary widely in different departments in the plant. Conversely, the information on one physical demands
analysis form may serve to cover several jobs when the physical and environmental requirements of the jobs are basically the same.
In a complete job analysis the analyst is concerned with four categories of information ; namely, what the worker does; how he does it; why he does it; and the skill involved in the doing. In physical demands analysis he emphasizes what the worker does and how he does it, but points out why he does it and the skill that is involved only on a few rare occasions when this information is necessary to give a clear picture of the physical activities and working conditions.
The analyst should remember that he is to analyze the job as it exists in one particular place. Any previous knowledge or concept of the job should be discarded insofar as possible. This knowledge may be helpful by serving as a reminder of what to look for, but should not be allowed to influence the analytical viewpoint.
When analyzing the physical demands of jobs, the analyst should make certain that he records all of the physical activities required by the job rather than the physical activities which may be engaged in by an individual worker. For instance, a worker may jump from a platform rather than use nearby steps. Although the worker does jump, this activity is not a requirement of the job. A worker may prefer to stand at a bench while working rather than use the seat provided for him. Although the worker does stand, this activity is not a requirement of the job since use of the seat would eliminate standing. An Arc Welder may use his sense of hearing to help him maintain the proper arc by listening to the hissing sound of the arc. The job, however, does not require
3
the Arc Welder to hear, the important requirement being sight whereby he can determine whether or not he is maintaining the proper arc by observing the welding process.
Likewise, the analyst must guard against recording physical activities which are of an emergency nature and are not required by the job itself. For example, additional physical activities might be involved if a worker repairs his own equipment when a regular repairman is not available.
The analyst must make certain that he covers the full range of physical activities required by the job. For instance, some jobs may require a change in the worker’s activities every few hours and again other jobs may require a change in the worker’s activities every few days. The ideal situation would allow the analyst to observe the physical activities required for the total job. However, since it would not be practical to spend several days observing one job, it is obvious that the analyst must resort to asking questions of the worker or the supervisor to supplement the information on that part of the job that was observed.
Even in the ordinary analysis the analyst will find it advisable to obtain most of the information by observation and the rest of it by questioning the worker or supervisor. It is impossible to establish a hard and fast rule indicat
ing which items to observe and which items to obtain by questioning. Insofar as possible the analyst should determine the following information by observation :
1. The relationship of the various physical activities to each other.
2. The time that the worker is engaged in each physical activity or subject to each working condition.
3. The number of times the worker is engaged in each physical activity and subject to each working condition during a given period of time such as an hour or a workday.
4. The intensity factors such as the distance walked, the weight lifted, .the height climbed, the directions reached, the temperature, the height of working place, etc.
This information should be verified for accuracy by questioning the worker or the supervisor. In addition to verifying the information, the analyst should also attempt to obtain the following facts :
1. Other duties not observed by the analyst. This information may reveal additional physical demands.
2. Weight of the heaviest object lifted.
3. Other tools and equipment used by the worker. This information may reveal additional facts about the physical activities and working conditions.
4. Differences in the way the job is performed on other shifts.
4
ronnm-m WAR MANPOWER COMMISSION »ndM Bureau No.u-iW»A
** BUREAU OF MANPOWER UTILIZATION %«*
PHYSICAL DEMANDS FORM
Job title............................................. Occupational code................
Dictionary title________________________________________________________________—— -----—
Industry______________________________________________ Industrial code ■ ___—...........
Branch__________ ■_____________________ Department ..............——।— Date...............
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
WORKING CONDITIONS
____1. Walking.
____2. Jumping.
____3. Running.
____4. Balancing.
-- 5. Climbing.
____6. Crawling.
.... 7. Standing.
— 8. Turning.
____9. Stooping.
...—10. Crouching.
____11. Kneeling.
—12. Sitting.
—13. Reaching.
....14. Lifting.
......15. Carrying.
.___16. Throwing.
____17. Pushing.
____18. Pulling.
—19. Handling.
-___20. Fingering. J
____21. Feeling.
____22. Talking.
____23. Hearing.
____24. Seeing.
___-25. Color vision.
____26. Depth perception.
—27. Working speed.
____28.__________________
..29________________—_
____30. _________________
—51. Inside.
____52. Outside.
—58. Hot.
____54. Cold.
____55. Sudden temp, changes.
—56. Humid.
—57. Dry.
____58. Wet.
____59. Dusty.
____60. Dirty.
____61. Odors.
____62. Noisy.
__—63. Adequate lighting.
__64. Adequate ventilation, __1_65. Vibration.
____66. Mechanical hasards.
____67. Moving objects.
—...68. Cramped quarters.
____69. High places.
......70. Exposure to burns.
.___71. Electrical hazards.
—....72. Explosives.
—73. Radiant energy.
—;74. Toxic conditions.
—75. Working with others.
—76. Working around others.
—77. Working alone.
____78.__________________________
;___79___________________________
____A0._______________________—
Details of physical activities:
10—80300-1 ■ V. 9. COVKRKMCNT PRINTING OFFICI
III. THE PHYSICAL DEMANDS FORM
Identifying Information
In this section of the physical demands form the analyst should fill in the following information :
1. Job Title. The name by which the job is commonly called in the establishment in which it is being analyzed. This title must be the same as the title that is used for any job analysis prepared for the jbb.
2. Occupational Code. The 5-digit or 6-digit code number for the job as given in the DICTIONARY OF OCCUPATIONAL TITLES when the job is defined. there. Otherwise, no code number should be entered.
3. Dictionary Title. The name of the job as given in the DICTIONARY OF OCCUPATIONAL TITLES when it is defined there. Otherwise, no title should be entered.
4. Industry. The name of the industry in which the job is being analyzed.
5. Industrial Code. The proper 4-digit code number specified by the Social Security Board in its Industrial Classification Code.
6. Branch. The branch of the industry in which the job is being analyzed.
7. Department. The name of the department or departments of the plant in which the job is located.
8. Date. The date on which the analysis was made.
Physical Activities
In this section of the physical demands form, 27 of the most common physical activities are listed. Definitions of these activities are given on page 33. The analyst must be fully familiar with each definition. Numbers
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28, 29, and 30 provide space for writing in other activities which the analyst may encounter.
In filling out this section, the analyst should place an “X” before each activity required by the job and a “0” before each activity not required by the job. All activities should be so marked with either an “X” or a “0.”
Later, under “Details of Physical Activities,” the analyst should describe the specific time and intensity factors and the relationships of all required activities. Likewise, under “Details of Hazards,” he indicates the possibilities of injury to the worker which are involved in the activities.
Working Conditions
In this section of the physical demands form, 27 of the most common working conditions are listed and are numbered from 51-77. Definitions of these conditions are given on pages 34 and 35. The analyst must be fully familiar with each definition. Numbers 78, 79, and 80 provide space for writing in other working conditions which the analyst may encounter.
The analyst should place an “X” before each working condition to which the worker is exposed, and a “0” before each working condition to which the worker is not exposed. All items are to be so marked with either an “X” or a “0.”
Later, under “Details of Working Conditions,” the analyst should describe the specific characteristics of the working conditions. Likewise, under “Details of Hazards,” he should indicate • the possibilities of injury to the worker which are involved in the working conditions.
Details of Physical Activities
It is the purpose of this section of the physical demands form to specify the degree of the physical activities involved by indicating (1) time or frequency and (2) intensity and to describe the inter-relationships of the various physical activities required by
the job. In recording the information in this section, the analyst should emphasize the physical requirements of the job and, unless necessary for clarity, should pot describe duties, equipment, or materials.
In starting the paragraph, the analyst is to think of the phrase, “This worker” and begin with a statement which would be a continuation of this thought, such as “Stands, stoops, reaches for, grasps, and handles levers, knobs, and handwheels of machine (3 hours).”
The appropriate time consumed by each activity should be expressed in one or more of the following ways, preferably the first one indicated.
1. The approximate number of minutes or hours in which the activity occurs during the working day. For example, “Reaches for, grasps, and handles mallets, pitching tool, pneumatic drills, chisels, and portable emery wheel to cut and polish stones and slabs (6 hours).”
2. The number of times per hour or per working day that the activity occurs. This method may be used independently (Example No. 1), or it may be used in conjunction with the first method described (Example No. 2). Example No. 1: “Lifts and carries up to 25 pounds as far as 75 feet three times daily.” Example No. 2: “Stands, stoops, grasps ladle of molten babbitt weighing up to 15 pounds and lifts to waist height to pour in molds five times per hour (3 hours).”
3. The percent of the working day. This method of expressing time is useful when the work cycle extends over a long period such as several days or a week. It is also useful when a great many physical activities are required in several combinations. There is a disadvantage in expressing the time factor in percent of time since the person using the physical demands analysis information must pause and convert the percent into hours in order to have a satisfactory concept. For this reason the two previous methods of expressing the time factor are generally regarded as preferable.
6
4. By an adverb such as constantly, frequently, occasionally, alternately, intermittently, etc. This method should be used only when none of the preceding methods is applicable since these adverbs are subject to a different interpretation by each person who reads them.
The analyst should express the intensity factor by specific statements according to the examples that follow:
1. Lifting and Carrying. The weight of objects lifted and the distance carried, such as “Crouches and reaches down to grasp, lift and carry 25-pound metal parts up to 25 feet.”
2. Handling and Fingering. The names of parts handled and fingered such as “Reaches forward, grasps, handles, and fingers valve parts and micrometers during inspection operations.”
3. Pushing and Pulling. The body position required, the direction pushed or pulled, and the object pushed or pulled such as “Stands and reaches above shoulder height to grasp and pull electric wires horizontally through conduit,” or “Stands and reaches forward to grasp and pull electric wires horizontally through conduit by bracing one foot against wall.” It is not deemed advisable at this time, however, to include information on the force exerted in pushing and pulling since such information may be subject to misinterpretation. For instance, in the above examples, the first worker, who is pulling electric wires horizontally through %-inch conduit above his head, is capable of exerting a force around 20 pounds, while the body position of the second worker makes it easily possible for him to pull with a force up to 150 pounds. Experience with the pushing and pulling factors reveals that certain body positions require more effort to push or pull 5 pounds than other positions require to push or pull 300 pounds. Until such time, then, when it becomes possible to convert the force exerted in pushing and pulling from all body positions into standardized terms, the analyst is only to state the body position required, the direction pushed or pulled and the object pushed or pulled.
4. Climbing, Jumping, Walking, and Crawling. The distance climbed, jumped, walked, and crawled such as “Climbs 40-foot ladder to and from crane cab.”
5. Standing, Stooping, Crouching, Kneeling, Turning, and Sitting. The time factors on these activities will automatically explain intensity such as “Stands and stoops over workbench (4 hours).”
6. Reaching. The body position required and the direction reached such as “Stoops and reaches down,” “Sits and reaches forward,” “Stands and reaches above shoulder height,” or “Stands and reaches above and below shoulder height.”
7. Feeling. The reason why feeling is required, as in determining the size, shape, temperature, or texture of objects.
8. Talking. If other than ordinary conversation is required, the analyst should indicate the quality of voice required as in enunciating clearly over a public address system or should indicate the volume of voice required as in overcoming background noises.
9. Hearing. The most difficult sounds required to be heard such as ordinary conversation or warning whistles amid background noises.
10. Seeing. The most difficult' object required to be seen as well as the distance, such as “Observes the indicator on a 3-inch dial at 6 feet,” or “Observes hand and finger signals at 100 feet.”
11. Color Vision. The colors required to be distinguished such as red, green, orange, and brown electric wires.
12. Depth Perception. The reason why depth perception is required, such as to judge distances in operating a crane.
When physical activities involving the use of hands, arms, feet, and legs require the use of one hand or arm, or one foot or leg, the analyst should make specific remarks in this connection. For example, “Stands on left leg while actuating trip of press with right leg (7 hours).”
647876°-45----2
7
In addition to indicating the time and intensity factors, the relationships between activities should be brought out in the section on “Details of Physical Activities.” It will be noticed in the following example taken from the physical demands form for Engine-Lathe Operator, First Class, that the items on the check list are not written separately since activities are rarely undertaken independently. They should be written up as they actually occur insofar as possible.
“Stands, stoops, and turns while operating machine (7 hours); occasionally walks about 10 feet lifting and carrying chucks and materials not over 30 pounds; pushes hand truck to transport loads up to 300 pounds about 75 feet four times daily; using both hands, manipulates lathe control handwheels to set controls to fine (%< inch) etched gradations (3 hours) ; visually, and by fingering and feeling, examines finishes on machine parts; stoops to read vernier and other fine etched gradations (2 hours) ; orally instructs Learner (1 hour).”
Details of Working Conditions
This heading does not appear on the physical demands form due to the variation in the length of the section on “Details of Physical Activities.” It should be written in by the analyst as a heading directly following the completed section on “Details of Physical Activities.” These details of working conditions will be written in a manner similar to that in the section on “Details of Physical Activities.” The analyst should keep the following points in mind. In starting the paragraph the analyst should begin with the word “Works” and then continue by indicating the time and intensity factors for the working conditions.
The time and intensity factors should be indicated as follows:
1. Inside and Outside. Specify the conditions under which the worker works inside or outside and the. time in
volved such as “Works inside plate shop with one side open to weather (6 hours), and outside in all kinds of weather (2 hours).”
2. High Places. The height of elevated work places and the type of work place, such as “Works on scaffolding 2 feet wide at heights up to 60 feet (7 hours).”
3. Cramped Quarters. The size of cramped quarters as well as a short description of the cramped quarters, such as “Works in narrow compartments 6 feet by 3 feet by 2 feet (2 hours).”
4. Hot and Cold. The range in degrees of high or low temperatures, such as “Works in temperatures of 110° to 120° F. (2 hours)” or “Works in temperatures of 5° to 20° F. (5 hours).”
5. Sudden Temperature Changes. The range in degrees of sudden temperature changes such as “Exposed to sudden temperature changes from 120° F. to prevailing outside temperatures.”
6. Humid and Dry. Humidity and dryness should be related to the temperature when both are pertinent factors such as “Works in temperature of 100° F. with very high humidity.”
7. Wet. Source of wetness, such as “Works in constant contact with wet piping (4 hours)” or “Works in quarters wet from rain (2 hours).”
8. Lighting. If lighting is inadequate indicate source of light, extent of glare and shadows, and the light contrast between work and surroundings.
9. Noisy. The source of the noise, such as “Exposed to noises of nearby riveting hammers.”
10. Vibration. The source of vibration such as “Exposed to vibration from small pneumatic riveting hammer (7 hours).”
If the job differs in any way on other shifts, the analyst should indicate these differences at the end of the paragraph.
Details of Hazards
This heading should be added to the physical demands form directly following the completed section on “Details of Working Conditions.” It is the purpose
8
of this section to point out the possibilities of injury to the worker as a result of hazards involved in the job. The analyst should make no attempt to express the degree of possible injury.
In contrast to the previous sections the analyst should not express the time that a worker is subject to a specific hazard since such information is highly subjective.
Caution should be used in determining the possibility of a hazard. For instance, a Forming-Press Operator engaged in bending small strips of metal, one at a time, may be in danger of having his hand cut in the press. However, if a safety device has been installed on the machine and it automatically pulls his hand back each time the die descends, there is no hazard with respect to having his hand crushed in the dies of the machine.
Frequently the analyst will have di faculty in determining whether a hazard actually exists on a job. It will be helpful at this point to ask the worker, the foreman, or other responsible authority whether a hazard actually exists.
The analyst should start the paragraph on hazards with the phrase, “Possibility of” and then continue with statements on specific injuries from the hazards inherent on the job. When, however, safety measures have been taken to partly, but not entirely,, eliminate the possibility of the hazards, the analyst should make a statement such as “Possibility of injury from falling 25 feet from catwalk (reduced by hand rail).” If the hazards differ on the other shifts, the analyst should note this difference with a statement such as “Crane not in use during third shift.”
In determining the possible injuries the analyst will be guided by asking himself this question “Are there hazards inherent in this job whereby the worker may suffer cuts, bruises, bums, fractures, sprains, loss of parts, impairment of sight, impairment of hearing,
occupational diseases, electrical shock, or other injury?” If so, the following statements should serve as a guide in describing these hazards:
1. Inside. There are no specific hazards inherent in this factor alone.
2. Outside. Any hazard such as illness resulting from exposure need not be mentioned since it would be obvious to the physician or employment officer.
3. Hot, Cold, Sudden Temperature Changes, and Humid. The hazards that might possibly result from these working conditions, likewise, are obvious to the physician and placement officer and need not be mentioned.
4. Toxic Conditions. Some examples are: “Possibility of metal fume fever from galvanized iron welding fumes” and “Possibility of respiratory, digestive, and skin irritations from liquids, vapors, and odors from zinc chromate primer, paint, and thinner (reduced by respirator, protective cold cream, and cloth masks).”
5. Radiant Energy. “Possibility of injury to the eyes from flashes of electric arcs used by nearby workers.”
6. Moving Objects. “Possibility of being severely injured by sharp ends of steel bars carried by crane.”
7. Mechanical Hazards. “Possibility of cuts from sharp edges of shaper cutter, chisels and other woodworking tools.”
8. Electrical Hazards. “Possibility of shock from high-tension wires (reduced by insulated tools and rubber ‘blankets’).”
9. Possibility of Burns. “Possibility of burns from hot molten metal splashed from pouring ladles (reduced by leather gloves and leather leg pads ).”
10. Explosives. “Possibility of injury from accidental explosion of T. N. T. samples.”
11. Noise. “Possibility of injury to hearing faculties from constant riveting noises.”
12. High Places. “Possibility of injury by falling 25 feet from scaffolding to concrete floor.”
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Illustrations of Completed Physical Demands Forms
The following completed physical demands forms were prepared in conjunction with in-plant programs, of physical demands analysis and physical capacities appraisal. They are included to serve as examples of how physical demands forms may be prepared.
1 >rm ES-18Q CH#
WAR MANPOWER COMMISSION BUREAU OF MANPOWER UTILIZATION
Budget Bureau No. 11-R088.3.
Approval expires February-28,1946.
PHYSICAL DEMANDS FORM
Job title Fixer_________________________________;____________________________
Occupational code ^-16.010
Dictionary title mOMTIAiOi_________________________________________________________________________
Industry Textile________________________
Branch_____Cotton Goods_________________
Industrial code 2211................
Department____XaaiiM________
Date, 9-2J-UU ,
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES WORKING CONDITIONS
f 1. Walking. _0..16. Throwing. —X.51. Inside.. -X-66. Mechanical hazards.
Q. 2. Jumping. —X-17. Pushing. «M—67« Moving objects.
Q 8. Running. —X.18. Pulling. —0.53. Hot. -X-68. Cramped quarters.
X 4. Balancing. -X.19. Handling. .0.54. Cold. ..0..69. High places.
X 5. Climbing. —X.20. Fingering. ...0..55. Sudden temp, changes. ..0...70. Exposure to burns.
A 6. Crawling. —0-21. Feeling. -.0-56. Humid. „0—71. Electrical hazards.
S 7. Standing. —0..22. Talking. —0..57. Dry. ..0..72. Explosives.
X 8. Turning. —Q.23. Hearing. ...0.58, Wet. ..0..73. Radiant energy.
X 9. Stooping. ...X-24. Seeing. —0-59. Dusty. ..Q..74. Toxic conditions.
X 10. Crouching. —0.^5. Color vision. —0..60. Dirty. ..0..75. Working with others.
C 11. Kneeling. —0,26. Depth perception. —0.61. Odors. „X..76. Working around others.
0—12. Sitting. —0.27. Working speed. —X.62: Noisy. ..Q..77. Working alone.
X 13. Reaching. 28. .__X_63. Adequate lighting. .. 78.
14. Lifting. 29 —X_64. Adequate ventilation. .... 79
5—15. Carrying. .80 —0.65. Vibration. .80.
Details of physical activities: Stands and walks around Job site during1eni\re'"wor5tin<"'iay. Climbs (U feet) on scaffolds and ladders maintaining body balance while working there (6 hours). Using either or both arms, hands and fingers.'reaches for, grasps, and lifts tools and spare parts, weighing up to (15 pounds) and carries them (90 feet) to loom needing repair. Pushes hand truck, weighing up to (200 pounds) to transport heavy bulky parts. Handles and fingers harnesses, wires, needles, pattern cards, warp spools, wrenches, Jacks and screwdrivers to repair and adjust looms. Pushes and pulls on parts to align them. Occasionally turns, stoops, crawls, crouches or kneels to reach parts needing repair. Observes all Job operations and inspects parts.
Details of working conditions: Works around others Inside adequately lighted and ventilated but noisy shop, frequently works in cramped and awkward positions.
Details of hazards: Possibility of injury to hands and fingers from gears and other mechanical parts of loons.
10
WAR MANPOWER COMMISSION
BUREAU OF MANPOWER UTILIZATION
Budget Bureau
Approval expirw Fow’aae'r % IMS*
Form zs is.
); stands, sits, stoops, crouches, and kneels in awkward positions to twist and roach above and below shoulder height while handling 1-pound electrode holder during welding process and while handling light wire.brush and slag-hammer to clean weld (90^). Observes 1/8-inch rod tip at 12 inches.
Details of working conditionsJ Works inside hull (6 hours), and outside (under overhead shelter during wet weather) (2 hours), on docks and staging up to 60 -feet height (8 hours), in cramped quarters (j hours). Imposed to temperatures of about 100° T when in close quarters (1 hour), to sudden temperature changes from about 1QO° J to the atmospheric temperatures (about U times daily), and to nearby chipping and hammering noises (8 hours).
Details of hasards: Possibility of injury from falling as far as 60 feet from docks and staging, of respiratory irritation from black-iron welding fumes, and of metal-fume fever from galvanised-iron welding fumes (reduced by ventilation system), of Injury to the eyes from rays from electric welding ares (reduced by goggles and hood), of cuts from sharp edges of materials, and of electric shock from uninsulated parts of electrode holder.
12
WAR MANPOWER COMMISSION
BUREAU OF MANPOWER UTILIZATION
Budget Bureau No. 11-R068.3.
Approval expiree February 28,1040.
Formss-iao •35
PHYSICAL DEMANDS FORM
Job trie---Atwahler-----------—4-----------------------Occupational code 5-03.554
Dictionary title_ZXXZX9&JK&3I______________________________,______________________________
Industry---AlXC^.iL.Maa»iMturl^^_______________________ Industrial code 3421
Branch-----MepUm Manufacturing_________ Department ¿«»«ably Date 3-30-44
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES WORKING CONDITIONS
_£. 1. Walking. —0-16. Throwing. „£.51. Inside. .£..66. Mechanical hazards.
—Q. 2. Jumping. —£¿17. Pushing. .JP..62. Outside. -Q..67. Moving objects.
—Q- 8. Running. —£.18. Pulling. ...0.63. Hot „0—68, Cramped quarters.
—4. Balancing. —£.19. Handling. ...0.54. Cold. „0—69. High places.
—5. 5. Climbing. —£.20. Fingering. -9-65. Sudden temp, ehangM, „0—70. Exposure to burns.
—9. 6. Crawling. —.£¿21. Feeling. ...Q-56. Humid. -0-71. Electrical hazards.
-£. 7. Standing. —0.22. Talking. ...0..57. Dry. -0..72. Explosives.
. 8. Turning. ...0.23. Hearing. —0.68. Wet JO—78. Radiant energy.
-£- 9. Stooping. —£.24. Seeing. ...0.59. Dusty. -0..74. Toxic conditions.
——10. Crouching. —0-26. Color vision. —0.60. Dirty. -0..75. Working with others..
—0.11. Kneeling. —£-26. Depth perception. ...0.61. Odors. .£..76. Working around others.
—0.12. Sitting. —0..27. Working speed. ..£.62. Noisy. _M—77. Working alone.
—X.13. Reaching. _IJ8.- .Bloving ..£.6?. Adequate lighting. 78. . _ . .
..£.14. Lifting. 29 ..£.64. Adequate ventilation. 79
..£.16. Carrying. .30 ..£.65. Vibration. 80
Details of physical activities! Stands at workbench (7 hours) and waiicirW ie#U'Yo”£Si fro« «upply room to obtain equipmamt and aatorials, weighing up to (20 pounds) and stoops, lifts, and carries than back to bench (4 tines daily). Using both hand« and fingers, handles parts, to position then and fasten then to panel by reaching for, grasping, and handling, pushing and pulling electric drills, reamers, hammer«, rivet squeesers, one-shot riveting banners, wrenches, files, pliers, screwdrivers, clangs, bolts, and screws (7 hours). Determines correct alignment by reading blueprints and specifications and measuring to tolerance of I/32" with measuring tame.
4 and «qp*res. /Ingers instrument Indicator hands to set and adjust them, ft for leak, by blowing into or sucking at the ends Um’ d®>th P®w«Ptlon to Judge whether parts are accurately positioned on pnnola
of W*s Inside well lighted and ventilated airplane
factory. loosed to loud noises from operation of power tools and metal working machines and to vibration of electric drills when In use. "*
Details of hasards: Possibility of cuts and bruises from sharp and uneven surfaces of parts, tools, and machines.
13
yprxti M IM WAR MANPOWER COMMISSION Budget Bureau No. 11-R0M.8.
BUREAU OF MANPOWER UTILIZATION Approval expires February 28, IM
PHYSICAL DEMANDS FORM
Job title Pipe fitter________________________________— Occupational code —SfJO.OXQ------
Dictionary title_PIFE..J.ITTEH__________________________________,_______________________
Industry Ship and. Boat. .BuUding..aniL.Bepmlr.—.____ Industrial code —j4jl-----------
Branch Shipbuilding___________________ Department----Hull-----------Date — ,.7-11-44—
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES WORKING CONDITIONS
X 1. Walking. 0.16, Throwing. X 51. Inside. ...X.66. Mechanical hazards.
.52. Outside. ..P..67. Moving objects.
P. 3. Running. X18. Pulling. .P...58. Hot ..X.68. Cramped quarters..
X 4. Balancing. X.19. Handling. .O..54. Cold. -X.69. High places.
X 5. Climbing. X20. Fingering. P 55. Sudden temp, changes. „X.70. Exposure to burns.
1—Q. 6. Crawling. 0.21. Feeling. P 56, Humid. .„0..71. Electrical hazards.
„-X 7. Standing. _.0.22. Talking. 0„.57. Dry. ...0.72. Explosives.
X 8. Turning. 0.23. Hearing. .P._58. Wet ._0.73. Radiant energy.
X 9. Stooping. X24. Seeing. .X..59. Dusty. —Q.74. Toxic conditions.
X10. Crouching. 0.25. Color vision. .X..60. Dirty. P.75, Working with others.
Xll. Kneeling. 0.26. Depth perception. .0...61. Odors. ..X.76. Working around others.
.0,12. Sitting. _O27. Working speed. .X..62. Noisy. ...P.77. Working aka*.
28. - X..63. Adequate lighting. . _78
Xia Lifting. ...29 .X..64. Adequate ventilation. 79
X15. Carrying. 30 ..0...65. Vibration. 80.
10—30366-1 0. » MVUNHINr MINTIM OFFIC«
Details of physical activities: Stands, walks, kneels, crouches, stoops, and turns durtrig Job process. Climbs 12-foot ladders to catwalk or scaffolding (12 to 20 'tiaes dally) and maintains body balance while working there. Beaches for, grasps, and lifts pipes weighing up to (60 pounds) and carries then (150 feet) between Workbench and Job site. Using either or both arms, hands, and fingers, handles chisels, hammers, and oxyacetylene torch and pushes and pulls on levers of pipecutter, vise, stock and dies to cut and thread pipes (6 hours). Uses fingers of either or both hands to assemble pipes with couplings, nuts, bolts, and wrenches (3 hours). Pushes and pulls on pipes to position them in walls and floors. Pingers rules, compasses, and square’s to locate position of pipes (2 hours),. Beads blueprints and calibrations on measuring instruments and observes results of hydrostatic pressure tost.
Details of working conditions * Works outside (5 hours) and inside adequately ventilated and lighted building (j hours). Exposed to noises, dust and dirt from construction work. Occasionally works in cramped- position when installing pipes.
Details of hazards: Possibility of injury from falls off scaffolding, of burns to hands when using oxyacetylene torch, and of cuts on hands and arms when handling sharp-edged metal pipes and tools.
14
IV. PHYSICAL CAPACITIES APPRAISAL
As a counterpart of the physical demands analysis of the job, information is obtained on the worker’s capacities for carrying on those, physical activities and working under those conditions listed on the physical demands form. With comparable information on both the job and the worker, the personnel office may then match a w:orker and a job in such a way that the physical requirements of the job do not exceed the physical capacities of the worker.
The physical capacities form is completed from data on the physical exami
nation findings and whatever other clinical information is available. In deciding whether or not an employed worker requires a transfer as a result of illness or injury, physicians may find it particularly helpful to refer to the physical demands information on the worker’s job as furnished by the job analyst. Likewise, in the initial placement situation, the physician may be aided by referring to such physical demands information on the specific jobs in order to decide whether or not a worker’s physical capacities are suited to the physical demands of a specific job.
647876°—45---3
15
Budget Bureau No. 11-R048.1.
Approvai expires February 28, 1940.
Forïn ES-150
WAR MANPOWER COMMISSION BOREAU OF MANPOWER UTILIZATION
PHYSICAL CAPACITIES FORM
Hamo_______________________________Sox Ape Height Weitht
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
1 Walking 16 Throwing
2 Jumping IT Pushing
3 Running 18 Pulling
4 Balancing 19 Handling
5 Climbing 20 Fingering
6 Crawling 21 Feeling
7 Stand Inf 22 Talking

8 Turning 23 Hearing
9 Stooping 29 Seeing
10 Crouching 25 Color vldon
11 Kneel Ing 26 Depth Perception
12 Sitting 27 Working Speed
' Reaching 28
19 Lifting 29
15 Carrying 30
WORKING CONDITIONS
51 Inside 52 Outalde 53 Hot 59 Cold 55 Sudden Temp, changes 56 Humid 3? Ory 58 Wet 50 Dusty 60 Dirty 61 Odors 62 Holey 63 Adequate lighting 69 Adequate Ventilation 65 vibration 66 Mechanical Hatards 67 Moving Objects 68 Cramped Quarters 69 High Pieces 70 Exposure to Burns 71 Electrical Hazards 12 Explosives 73 Radiant Energy 79 Toxic Conditions 75 Working With Others 76 working Around Others 77 working Alqna 78 79 «0
Bleak Spaci • Fill Capacity: /«Partial Capacity: 0 > No Capacity
May work konra per day day* per week. (If T>, cardiac or otber dieability regairlag limited worklag hoars).
May lift or carry ip to.
joiada.
Detalle of limitatioae for apecific physical actiritiea
Detalla of limitatioae for epecific workieg coaditioae .
Data.
Phys idea
16
V. THE PHYSICAL
The number of copies of the physical capacities form prepared for each worker will depend on the procedures within a particular organization. Sometimes only one copy will be prepared and this will be transmitted to the placement officer. In other instances, the organization’s procedure may provide for more, copies so that one copy can be transmitted to the placement officer while another copy can be retained for the medical department files. In the latter instance, the medical department may wish to record the medical diagnosis on the same form. Ample space may be found at the bottom of the form even though no such heading has been provided.
Identifying Information
In this section of the physical capacities form, the physician should fill in the following information:
1. Name. The first name, middle initial, and last name of the worker.
2. Sex. M for male and F for female.
3. Age. Age at last birthday.
4. Height. Height in inches.
5. Weight. Weight in pounds.
Physical Activities
Included in this section of the physical capacities form are the 27 physical activities listed on the physical demands • form. Numbers 28, 29, and 30 provide space for writing in other physical activities which the physician may decide the applicant should avoid. Definitions of these physical activities are found on page 33. The physician should be thoroughly familiar with each definition before filling out the form.
In making entries in this section, the physician should leave blank all physical activities for which the worker has full
CAPACITIES FORM
capacity, place a “V” before all physical activities for which the worker has partial capacity and place a “0” before all physical activities for which the worker has no capacity. Specific remarks should be made below in connection with all V’ed physical activities.
Working Conditions
Included in this section are the 27 working conditions listed on the physical demands form. Numbers 78, 79, and 80 provide space for writing in other working conditions which the physician may decide the applicant should avoid. Definitions of these working conditions are found on pages 34 and 35. The physician should be thoroughly familiar with each definition before filling out the form.
In making entries in this section, the physician should leave blank all working conditions to which the worker may be fully exposed, place a “V” before all working conditions to which the worker may be partially exposed, and place a “0” before all working conditions to which the worker may not be exposed. Specific remarks should be made below in connection with all V’ed working conditions.
Details of Limitations
After the physician has completed the check list, he should make specific comments concerning the physical activities and working conditions for which the worker possesses partial capacity. In so doing, he should keep certain points in mind with reference to the following items :
1. Mag work — hours per dag ------ days per week. To be filled in only when there is a definite restriction on the
17
number of hours which a worker such as a T. B. or Cardiac may work.
2. May lift or carry up to-----pounds. When either lifting or carrying or both have been V’ed, the physician should indicate the maximum number of pounds the worker should lift or carry. It is impossible, at the present time, to determine exactly the maximum number of pounds which a restricted worker may lift or carry; however, it is obvious that the physician is the best qualified person to make such an estimate.
3. Details of limitations for specific physical activities. The following examples may serve as a guide for making notations concerning specific limitations.
Walkipg. “Should not walk up steep incline unless allowed to take his time.” “Should not be required to walk more than 10 or 15 feet at a time.” “May walk up to 2 or 3 miles per day.”
Climbing. “Should not climb more than 10 or 12 feet unless allowed to take his time.” “May climb when steps or rungs are not more than 6 inches apart.”
Crawling. “May crawl occasionally during working day.”
Standing. “Should alternately stand and sit every 15 or 20 minutes.” “May stand if short rest Is possible once an hour.” “Must lean against bench or similar object while standing.”
Turning. “May turn occasionally.”
Stooping. “May stoop occasionally.” Crouching. “May crouch if allowed to straighten up every few minutes.”
Kneeling. “May kneel if allowed to stand up when desired.”
Sitting. “Must sit on chair with back.”
Reaching. “May reach in all directions with left arm only.” “May not reach above shoulder level with right arm.”
Pushing and Pulling. “Capacity to pull equivalent to capacity to lift.”
Handling. “Should not handle objects over 5 pounds.” “Should avoid constant handling.”
Fingering. “Restricted to right hand.” “May finger extensively if rest periods may be taken t when desired.”
Feeling. “Feeling with left hand only.”
Talking. “Unable to talk louder than normal volume.”
Hearing. “May work where safety does not depend on auditory warnings.” “Able to hear human voice when raised only.”
Seeing. “Field of vision limited to right side.”
Color Vision. “Red-green color blind.”
4. Details of limitations for specific working conditions.
Hot-Cold. “Should work in temperatures over 100° F. for short periods only.” “May not work where temperature is below 40° F.”
Sudden Temperature Changes. “Should not be subject to sudden temperature changes more than once or twice a day.”
Humid. “Can’t stand high humidity when temperature is over 90° F.”
Wet. “Must not stand on wet floors.”
Dusty. “Should avoid organic dusts.”
Noisy. “Should not work near hammering or other loud noises.”
Adequate Lighting and Ventilation. When it is imperative for the worker to have adequate lighting, or adequate ventilation, it is important to make a comment to that effect under Details of limitations for specific working conditions since no check will appear in the check list portion of that form. Some examples are : “Should never work in dim surroundings” and “Absolute minimum of glare required.”
Vibration. “May work around occasional but not constant vibration.”
18
Illustrations of Completed Physical Capacities Forms
The following completed physical capacities forms were prepared by physicians in conjunction with in-plan programs of physical demands analysis and physical capacities appraisal. They are included to serve as examples of how physical capacities forms may be prepared.
Vorra ES-t6O «8«. 2-45)
Budget Bureau Ne. 11-R048.1. -
Approval expires February 28» 1948.
WAR MANPOWER COMMISSION BUREAU OF MANPOWER UTILIZATION-
PKT«ICAL CAPACITIES FORM
Name B» P» Mytr« ___ 8ex M Age 29 Height 12 Weight 190
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
y 1 Walking 0 2 Jumping 0 3 Running 9 Balancing 0 5 climbing 0 6 Crawling y 7 Standing g Turning y 9 Stooping y id crouching y 11 KnaalIng 12 Sitting 13 Reaching y la Lifting y 15 carrying 16 Throwing y 17 Ruth I ng y IS Pulling 19 Handling 20 Fingering 21 Feeling 22 Talking 23 Hearing 29 Seeing 25 Color Vision 26 Depth Perception 27 Working Speed 28 29 30
WORKING CONDITIONS
31 Inside "0 52 Outside ' 53 Hot 59 cold 053 Sudden Temp. Changes 36 Humid ?7 Dry 0 58 Wet 59 Dusty 60 Dirty 61 Odors 62 Noisy 63 Adequate righting 64 Adequate Ventilation 63 vibration 66 Mechanical Hazards 67 Moving Objects 68 Cramped Quarters 69 High Places 70 Exposure to Burns 71 Electrical Hazards 72 Explosives 73 Radiant Energy 79 Toxic Conditions 75 working with Others 76 working Around Others 77 working Alone 78 79 80
Blaak Space ■= Fall Capacity: Partial Capacity: 0 ■ No Capacity
May work hours per day days per week. (If TB, cardiac or other
disability requiring limited working hours).
May lift or carry up to 2$ pounds.
Details of limitations for specific physical activities Bffort la pushing >nd pulling
should, not exceed effort in lifting and carrying. Should not engage in
either of activities 1, 1, 9, 10, and 11 for more than 15 minutes at a time.
Details of limitations for specific working conditions
rute October 2, igUU
Physician R, 0. Blank, M. D.
19
Budget Bureau No. 11-R048.1.
Approval expires February 28» 1946.
Form ES-lßO
jCKev.2-45)
WAR MANPOWER COMMISSION BUREAU OF MANPOWER UTILIZATION
PHYSICAL CAPACITIES FORM
Nan* R, ▼. Byrne8 g«» M Awe 53 Height 6g Voight 168
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
1 Walking ^/16 Throwing
0 2 Jumping y/n Pushing
0 3 Running y/U Pulling
u Balancing 19 Handl Ing
y/ 5 Climbing 20 Fingering
0 6 Crawling 21 FeelIng
7 Standing 22 Talking
« Turning 23 Hearing
9 Stooping 24 Seeing
1Ó Crouching 25 Color Vision
11 Kneel1ng 26 Depth Perception
12 Sitting 27 Working Spaed
Vï3 Reaching 28
\/ 1* Llft1ng 29
”7^5 Carrying 30
WORKING CONDITIONS
Bl Inside 52 Outside 53 hot 54 cold 55 Suddan Tanp. Change» 56 Hueld’ 57 Dry 58 Wat 59 Dusty 60 Dirty 61 Odors 62 Noisy 63 Adequate Lighting 6u Adequate ventilation 65 Vibration 66 Mechanical Hazards 67 Moving Objects 0 68 Cramped Quarters • 69 High Places .70 Exposure to Burns 71 Electrical Hazards 12 Explosives 73 Radiant Energy 79 Toxic Conditions 75 Working With Ofhe/s 76 working Around Others 77 aorklng Alone 78 n «0
Bleak Space “ Fall Capacity: 7 • Partial Capacity: 0 ■ No Capacity
May work boars per day days per week. (If TB, cardiac or other disability reqnlriag United working hoars).
May lift or carry ap to 35 poaads. Left ATM only.
Details of llnitatioas for specific physical activities— -CliMb yhGrG_bOth ........
mi are needed. Cannot engage in activities 13» 14, 15, 16t 17♦ 18 with
right ara»
Details of limitations for apselfic working conditions._________________________________________
n.t. October 25, 19^4
PhysicUs B. 6« Boyd, M. D.
20
Form BS-IC*
(Kev. 2H5)
Budget Bureau Ko. 11-R048.1,
Approval expires February 28» 1046.
WAR MANPOWER COMMISSION BUREAU OF MANPOWER UTILIZATION
PHYSICAL CAPACITIES FORM
Name A. J. Mion.___________________ Set M Ate 28 Height 6g Weight HQ -
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES WORKING CONDITIONS
1. walking 16 Throwing 81 Inside y 66 Mechanical Hazards
2 dumping 17 Pushing 32 Outside 67 Moving Objects
3 Running 18 Pulling 53 Hot 68 Cramped Quarters
4 Balancing 19 Handl Ing V 5* Cold 0 69 High Places
5 ClImblng wes TPftshiag milling »etivitime which involve th. lag»,____________
Details of limitations for specific working conditions
Reto. October IS. 1W»
Phys telò C, À. Miïlg, X, D,
28
Budget Bureau No. 11-R08S.S.
Approval expires February 28,1 MS.
WAR MANPOWER COMMISSION
BUREAU OF MANPOWER UTILIZATION
Form
(HÖ
PHYSICAL DEMANDS FORM
Job title -Occupational code 6-8U.920
Dictionary title ____________________
Industry ShlP »nd Bo*t Building and Bepair_____________________Industrial code 3^31
Branch eonztructlon Department Oatfitting Date _ 10-18-UU
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES WORKING CONDITIONS
1. Walking. ..Q..16. Throwing. ..X.5L Inside. —X.66. Mechanical-hazards.
_0_ 2. Jumping. „X.17. Pushing. ..X.52. Outside. ...X.67. Moving, objects.
...0.. 3. Running. „X.18. Pulling. ..O..53. Hot ...1.68. Cramped quarters.
2_0-. 4. Balancing. _X.19. Handling. ..O..54, Cold. „.X.69. High places.
..X. 5. Climbing. -0..20. Fingering. „O..55. Sudden temp, changes. ...0„70. Exposure to burns.
—X. 6. Crawling. JL21, Feeling. -O..56. Humid. 0.71. Electrical hazards.
..X. 7. Standing. ..Q..22, Talking. „0..57. Dry. ...0.72. Explosives.
..X. 8. Turning. „0.^3. Hearing. ..Û.58. Wet ...0.73. Radiant energy.
..X. 9. Stooping. ..X.24. Seeing. —0—59. Dusty. _.X.74. Toxic conditions.
—X.10. Crouching. ..0..25. Color vision. ..O..60. Dirty. 0.75. Working with others.
..X.1L Kneeling. „O..26. Depth perception. —0..61, Odors. ...X.76. Working around others.
„X.12. Sitting. ..0-27, Working speed. „X.62. Noisy. _0.77. Working alone.
..X-13. Reaching. ^X.14. Lifting. ..OLIS. Carrying. 28 ..O..63. Adequate lighting. ..0..64, Adequate ventilation.
29. ' . 79,
.. .80 -X.65. Vibration. 1 80
• 16—89906-1 V. •. «OVfaNMKNT PRINTING OPPICE
Details of physical activities: Climb» about 100 feet up and down hull ramps twice daily, and about ¿0 feet up and down stairs and ladders 16 times daily, half the time while carrying Uo pounds of equipment (1 hour). Stands, sits, stoops, kneels, crouches, and turns, reaching above and below shoulder height to grasp, lift, handle, push and pull IJ-pound chipping gun (7 hours). Observes chipping operations (7 hours),
Details of working conditions: Works in and around all parts of ship (frequently in cramped quarters).
Details of hazards: Possibility of injury from falling as far as 20 feet, of respiratory irritation from welding and burning fumes, of flashes from nearby welding arcs, of injury from flying metal particles, and of impairment of hear» ing from chipping and hammering noises and vibration.
29
O
Form Ka-iso O-W
WAR MANPOWER COMMISSION BUREAU OF MANPOWER UTILIZATION
Budget Bureau No. 11-ROM.S.
Approval expires February 28, 1949.
PHYSICAL DEMANDS FORM
Job title_________________________________________________Occupational code —................—
Dictionary UU._________________________________________________________________________________
Industry Ship «¿6 Bout Building and Repair________________Industrial code ---------------------
Branch Oonatruction Department----------------------------------------------Date _i9^^1
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES. WORKING CONDITIONS
...A. I. Walking:. ...Q. 2. Jumping. —Q. 8. Running. Q. A Balancing! 9. 6. Climbing. —A. 6. Crawling. ...9. 7. Standing. ..A. 8. Turning. ..A 9. Stooping. ..A10. Crouching. ..All. Kneeling. ..A12. Sitting. —A.18. Reaching. _A1A Lifting. —A15. Carrying. .9 16. Throwing. A. 17. Pushing. A..18. Pulling. A 51. Inside. A 52. Outside. .9—53. Hot A—66. Mechanical hazards. A—67. Moving objects. P...68. Cramped quarters.
A 19. Handling. P„54. Cold. .9—6®. High places.
.9...20. Fingering. Xi-21. Feeling. £—22. Talking. *—28. Hearing. A 24. Seeing. .9 25. Color vision. .9 26. Depth perception. .9...27. Working speed. _28. . P 55, Sudden temp, changes. .0...56. Humid. P„„57. Dry. P„„58. Wet. O...59. Dusty. P_,60. Dirty. 9 61. Odors. A—62. Noisy. P 63. Adequate lighting. .9—70. Exposure to burns. .9...71. Electrical hazards. .9—72. Explosives. .9—73. Radiant energy. A—74. Toxic conditions. .9—75. Working with others. A—76. Working around others. .9 77. Working alone. ... .78 .——
29. -— 80. P 64. Adequate ventilation. A...65. Vibration. 79. . 80

1®—39306-1 V. «. COVERNMtNT PRINTIN« OFFICE Details of physical activities : Interuittently crawls, stoops, crouches, kneels, sits, and turns while reaching forward to lift, handle, push, and pull 13-pound chipping gun in chipping on flat plates (7 hours). Valks up to 100 feet while carrying chipping gun, and pulling 30-pOund hose 3 or U tines per day. Observes chipping operations.
Details of working conditions 1 Vorks inside (70^) and outside in good weather (3<#).
Details of hasards: Possibility of respiratory irritation fron welding and burning funes, of flashes from nearby welding arcs, of injury fron flying netal particles,, of cuts fron sharp edges of tools and naterial, and of inpairnent of hearing fron chipping and bannering noises.
William A. Bradford is seeking employment for the first time. He is interested in entering a trade as an apprentice. Reference to the physical capacities form on page 31 reveals that this man is restricted with respect to climbing and is limited with respect to the working conditions to which he can be exposed. Under the medical standards in existence in many plants, he would be rejected for employment. Moreover, there are very few apprenticeable occupations which do not present those hazards to which he should not be subjected. With physical demands information available on a large number of apprenticeable jobs, it is a relatively simple matter to determine a job such as Terrazzo Worker (see physical demands form on p. 32) for which William A. Bradford has the capacity to compete successfully with his fellow workers without hazard to himself or others.
30
Budget Bureau No. 11-RO48.1.
Approval expires February 28» IMS.
WAR MANPOWKR COMMISSION
BURKAU OF MANPOOR UTILIZATION
Form ES-1M (Kev. 3-4»
PHYSICAL CAPACITIKS FORM
Meme Villi» A. Bradford Sex M
Ate 30 $9 Vaight
170
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
1 walking 16 Throwing
2 Jumping 17 Pushing
3 Running 18. Pul 11ng
4 Balancing * 19' Hand 1 Ing
0 5 Cl 1mb Ing 20; Fingering
6 Crawl Ing 21 Feeling
7* Standing 22 Talking
I Turning 23 Hearing
9 Stooping 2<4 Seeing
16 Crouching 2$ Color vision
11 Kneeling 26 Depth Perception
12 Sitting 27 Working Speed
13 Reaching 28
10 Lifting 29
15 Carrying 3»
WORKING CONDITIONS
.51 Inside $2 Outside 53 Hot 59 Cold 55 Sudden Temp, changes 56 Humid ?7 Ory 58 wet • 59 Dusty 60 Dirty 61 Odors 62 Noisy 63 Adeguate Lighting 6*4 Adequate Ventilation 65 Vibration 0 66 Mechanical Hazards 0 67 Moving Objects 68 Cramped Quarters 0 69 high Places 0 70 Exposure t.o Burns 0 71 Electrical Hazards 0 72 Explos1ves 73 Radiant Energy 74 Toxic Conditions 0 75 Working with Others 76 working Around Others 0 77 working KI one 78 79 80
Blaak Space - Fall Capacity: /■ Partial Capacity: 0 • No Capacity
May work hoars ^er day days per week. (It TB, cardiac or other
disability reguiriag limited working hoars).
May lift or carry up to posado.
Details of limitativas for specific physical activities
Details of limitations for specific working conditions___________——
Someone working near this man should come to Medical department for
instructions on how to look after him during a seizure.
Sate October 18, I9UU
Phvaleles 0. A, Mills, M. D,
31
WAR MANPOWER COMMISSION
BUREAU OF MANPOWER UTILIZATION
Budget Bureau No. 11-R088.3.
Approval expires February 28,1946.
Jtorm xs-iM (MO
PHYSICAL DEMANDS FORM
JnhHtla Ttrrasro nt Mosaic Worker
Occupational code .
Dictionary title___tBtRÀZZO WQHKBR
Industry Ogn»tructlon Industrial code
Branch----------——-----------—------- Department Date 9-15-^
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES WORKING CONDITIONS
i .X— 1. Walking. _X—16. Throwing. 5 51, Inside. P 66. Mechanical hazards.
—0„ 2. Jumping. _X_17. Pushing. X. 52. Outside. P—67. Moving objects.
...0_ 8. Running. JL18. Pulling. 0—53. Hot P 68. Cramped quarters.
—CL A Balancing. _X.JL9. Handling. 0—54. Cold. P 69. High places.
—ft. 6. Climbing. —9-20. Fingering. P 55. Sudden temp, changes. P-70. Exposure to burns.
—X. 6. Crawling. _CL21. Feeling. .0—56. Humid- P 71. Electrical hazards.
-X. 7. Standing. -X-22. Talking. P„57. Dry. .0—72. Explosives.
-X. 8. Turning. —¿^8. Hearing. X—58. Wet P 78. Radiant energy.
..X. 9. Stooping. —¿Y4. Seeing. X 59. Dusty. .P 74. Toxic conditions.
..X.10. Crouching. -X.25. Color vision. .X 60. Dirty. .Q 75. Working with others.
._X.11. Kneeling. —ft.26. Depth perception. .ft—61. Odors. X 76. Working around others.
Q_12. Sitting. _Q_27. Working speed. .X 62. Noisy. P—77. Working alone.
—X.18. Reaching. 9R .i—_63. Adequate lighting. 78. ..........
_JL1A Lifting. 29. — 79. . •_
—0.15. Carrying. 80 X 65. Vibration. .80 ;
Details of physical activities:. Walks up to 100 feet around, job elteT^^ooper,Fe*cKei*‘m” for, grasps, lifts, and handles a roll of roofing paper weighing up to 20 pounds to spread it over sub-floor as a base (1 hour). Intermittently stoops, crouchss, kneels, or crawls, and using either hand grasps and dexterously manipulates a trowel to apply and spread terrasso mixture using a push and pull stroke (U hours).« Using sither or both hands, throws marble chips on soft surface of composition. Stands, walks, and turns to push and pull an electric floor surfacing machine (J hours) to grind marble and polish surfaces. Observes all operations using oolor vision in working with color patterns. Beceives and gives oral instructions.
Details of working conditions: Works with others inside and outside in adequately lighted surroundings. Exposed to dust, dirt, and moisturs■from sand mixing operations, and to noise and vibration from polishing and grinding machine.
Details of hasards: Ione.
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VII. DEFINITIONS OF
Definitions are included below for those items about which there might be some question or lack of understanding. Those items which are self-explanatory are not included.
4. Balancing. Walking, standing, or running on narrow, slippery, or elevated surfaces by maintaining body equilibrium to prevent falling.
5. Climbing. Ascending or descending ladders, stairs, scaffolding, ramps, poles, ropes, and the like, using the feet and legs or using hands and arms as well.
6. Crawling. Moving about on the hands and knees or hands and feet.
8. Turning. Twisting partly around from a stationary standing or sitting position, usually involving the spine, trunk, neck, and legs.
9. Stooping. Bending the body downward and forward by bending the spine at the waist; not to be confused with Crouching.
10. Crouching. Bending the body downward and forward by bending the legs and spine; not to be confused with Stooping.
11. Kneeling. Bending the legs at the knees to come to rest on the knee or knees.
13. Reaching. Extending the hands and arms in any direction.
14. Lifting. Raising or lowering an object from one level to another; includes upward pulling.
15. Carrying. Transporting an object,
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
usually by holding it in the hands and arms.
16. Throwing. Propelling an object through space by swinging motion of the hand and arm with or without the use of tongs or other devices.
17. Pushing. Exerting force upon an object so that the object moves away from the force, including slapping, striking, kicking, and treadle actions.
18. Pulling. Exerting force upon an object so that the object moves toward the force, including jerking.
19. Handling. Seizing, holding, grasping, turning, or otherwise working with the hand or hands ; not to be confused with Fingering.
20. Fingering. Picking, pinching, or otherwise working with the fingers pri-' marily ( rather than with the whole hand or arm, as in Handling).
21. Feeling. Perceiving such attributes of objects as size, shape, temperature or texture, by means of receptors in the skin, typically those of the finger tips.
25. Color Vision. Perceiving the color of objects by sight.
26. Depth Perception. Perceiving relative or absolute distances of an object from the observer or from one object to another.
27. Working Speed. The rate of speed the job requires of the worker. This item is checked with an “X” only where the job requires a significantly high rate of working speed.
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VIII. DEFINITIONS OF WORKING CONDITIONS
51. Inside. Indoor protection from weather conditions.
52. Outside. Out of doors, or under an overhead covering with slight protection from the weather.
53. Hot. Temperature sufficiently high to cause perceptible bodily discomfort.
54. Cold. Temperature sufficiently low to cause perceptible bodily discomfort.
55. Sudden Temperature Changes. Variations in temperature which are sufficiently marked and abrupt to cause perceptible bodily reactions.
56. Hum id. Atmospheric condition with moisture content sufficiently high to cause perceptible bodily discomfort.
57. Dry. Atmospheric condition with moisture content sufficiently low to cause perceptible bodily discomfort.
58. Wet. Contact with water or other liquids.
59. Dusty. Air filled with small particles of any kind such as textile dust, flour, wood, leather, feathers, etc., and inorganic dust including silica and asbestos, which make- the workplace unpleasant or are the source of occupational diseases.
60. Dirty. Contact with or exposure to dirt, litter, soiled materials, etc.
61. Odors. Perceptible smells, either toxic or nontoxic.
62. Noisy. Sufficient sound to cause thought distraction or possible injury to the sense of hearing.
63. Adequate Lighting. Sufficient lighting to minimize eye strain. (A zero before this item on the physical demands form indicates the lighting is either insufficient or excessive. Explain under “Details of Working Conditions.” A zero or a check will not occur before this item on the physical capacities form ; consequently, when it is imperative for the worker to have adequate lighting, it
is important to make a comment to that effect under Details of limitations for specific working conditions.)
64. Adequate Ventilation. Sufficient ventilation to cause neither a feeling of suffocation nor exposure to drafts. (A zero before this item on the physical demands form indicates that the ventilation is insufficient or excessive. Explain under “Details of Working Conditions.” A zero or a check will not occur before this item on the physical capacities form; consequently, when it is imperative for the worker to have adequate ventilation it is important to make a comment to that effect under Details of limitations for specific working conditions.)
65. Vibration. Production of an oscillating or quivering movement of the body or strain on the muscles, particularly of the legs and arms, as from repeated motion, pressure, or shock.
66. Mechanical Hazards. Exposure to materials or mechanical parts involving the risk of bodily injury.
67. Moving Objects. Exposure to moving equipment and objects such as overhead cranes, hand and motor driven vehicles, falling objects, etc., which involve. the risk of bodily injury; also the act of operating such equipment.
68. Cramped Quarters. Workplace where freedom of movement is restricted or where worker cannot maintain an upright position.
69. High Places. Workplace at an elevation above the floor or ground level from which it is possible to fall and be injured.
70. Exposure to Burns. Workplace involving the risk of being burned from hot materials, fire, or chemical agents.
71. Electrical Hazards. Exposure to high-tension wires, transformers, busbars, or other uninsulated or unshielded
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electrical equipment which involve the risk of electric shock.
72. Explosives. Exposure to explosive gases, vapors, dusts, liquids, and substances which involve the risk of bodily injury.
73. Radiant Energy. Exposure to radio-active substances (radium, uranium, thorium, etc.), X-rays, ultra-violet rays, or infrared rays, which involve the risk of impairment of sight or general or localized disabling conditions.
74. Toxic Conditions. Exposure to toxic dusts, fumes, gases, vapors, mists, or liquids which cause general or local
ized disabling conditions as a result of inhalation or action bn the skin.
75. Working With Others. Job requires occupational cooperation with fellow workers, or direct contact with the public.
76. Working Around Others. Job requires independent occupational effort but in proximity to fellow workers or the public.
77. Working Alone. Job requires independent occupational effort and virtually no contact with fellow workers or the public.
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APPENDIX
OTHER PUBLICATIONS OF THE DIVISION OF OCCUPATIONAL ANALYSIS
Publications on Sale at the Office of Superintendent of Documents, United States Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.
DICTIONARY OF OCCUPATIONAL TITLES (published in 4 parts) :
Part I—Definitions of Titles: 1,287 pages, June 1939, $2.
Defines and gives occupational code numbers for 17,452 separate jobs.
Part II—Group Arrangement of Occupational Titles and Codes: 330 pages, June 1939, $1.
Arranges job titles according to their occupational code numbers.
Part IV—Entry-Occupational Classification : 242 pages, October 1944, $0.35.
Technique and Structure for the classification of people who have had little or no work experience.
Supplement to the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, Edition II: 525 pages, July 1943, $0.60.
An extension of Parts I and II which defines over 4,000 additional basic jobs in war activities.
GUIDE FOR ANALYZING JOBS: 40 pages, January 1944, $0.10.
A work book for the Training and Reference Manual for Job Analysis.
INDUSTRIAL EVALUATION SYSTEMS : 28 pages, August 1943, $0.10.
An introduction to the subject of job evaluation. A summary of job evaluation principles and explanation.
JOB DESCRIPTIONS. $0.05; $1.50 for 100 identical copies.
There are 27 Job Descriptions published in pamphlet form describing in nontechnical language the work performed, equipment used, training practices, employment variables, and physical demands of single occupations.
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JOB FAMILIES :
Industrial Series, 100 to 350.
1. List job-groups from each of which a specified key job in a particular industry can be filled.
2. List job-groups in specified industries from each of which workers can be effectively upgraded or transferred to a specified key job in the same industry.
There are 46 Job Families available in the industrial series.
Occupational Series, 50, 100, 150.
List job-groups which constitute good sources of workers to fill specified base jobs. There are 19 Job Families available in this series.
NATIONAL JOB DESCRIPTIONS (published for 15 major industries), $1 to $5.75.
Describe in nontechnical language the work performed, equipment used, and the customary job-relationship for key occupations.
NATIONAL PHYSICAL DEMANDS INFORMATION SERIES. Number I—Apprenticeable Occupations. In press—price not yet set.
Offers general physical demands information and composite descriptions of the physical demands usually associated with the most common apprenticeable occupations.
SELECTIVE PLACEMENT FOR THE HANDICAPPED (Revised February 1945). In press, available about August 15, 1945—not yet priced.
Explains, describes, and defines the United States Employment Service selective placement program for applicants who are physically handicapped, emotionally handicapped, or mentally retarded. The first part of the handbook
outlines local-office operations and responsibilities in respect to the handicapped, laws affecting the handicapped, and cooperative relations with other agencies serving the handicapped. It also outlines the technique for matching the physical capacities of handicapped applicants with the physical requirements of jobs.
The second part briefly describes occupationally significant factors of a number of common disabilities, and the evaluation of these disabilities in terms of physical capacities.
The third part presents the Physical Demands Analysis and Physical Capacities Appraisal technique.
SPECIAL AIDS FOR PLACING MILITARY PERSONNEL IN CIVILIAN JOBS (ENLISTED ARMY PERSONNEL) : 490 pages, March 1944, $1.
Provides information not elsewhere found facilitating maximum utilization of experience gained in military life for related civilian employment. Summarizes
the additional training required for transfer to related civilian occupations. Lists and defines physical activities and working conditions associated with the work of each civilian occupational group.
SPECIAL AIDS FOR PLACING MILITARY PERSONNEL IN CIVILIAN JOBS (ENLISTED NAVAL PERSONNEL). In press—price not yet set.
Supplies Information comparable to that found in Special Aids for Placing Militar? Personnel in Civilian Jobs (Enlisted Army Personnel).
TRAINING AND REFERENCE MANUAL FOR JOB ANALYSIS. September 1944. 104 pp., $0.20.
An operational and reference manual for job analysis. The application of job analysis is not limited to any one specific application, but is designed for general utilization in any type of program requiring information about jobs.
Free Publications available from the Division of Occupational Analysis, Bureau of Manpower Ut lization. War Manpower Commission, Washington 25, D. C.
INDUSTRY COMPOSITION PATTERNS (or MANNING TABLES) There are now 15 of these patterns available which supply information on occupations found in single industries, the percentage distribution of workers tn these occupations, and training time required to reach normal production. Can be used in the transfer and recruitment of workers.
INTERVIEWING AIDS
There are 233 Interviewing Aids published in card or pamphlet form. Each shows significant variations in the work performed, in a single occupation, and is used in the selection and training of workers to perform the elements of a job as it occurs in a specific plant.
JOB DESCRIPTIONS
There are 131 of these free Job Descriptions similar to those described above.
JOB FAMILIES
74 Job Families for Occupations are available without charge, including 17 Job Families for Army Occupations. They list job-groups which constitute good sources of workers to fill specified base occupations. There are now 10 free Job Families in the industrial series that show job-groups from which a specified key job in a particular industry can be filled ; or job-groups in specified industries from which workers can be effectively upgraded or transferred to a specified key job in the same industry.
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