[Victory : Official Weekly Bulletin of the Office of War Information. V. 3, No. 32]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]
VICIORÏ
OFFICIAL WEEKLY BULLETIN OF THE OFFICE OF WAR INFORMATION
WASHINGTON, D. C.
AUGUST 11, 1942
VOLUME 3, NUMBER 32
WAR PRODUCTION FALLS BELOW SCHEDULE
Military planes, tanks, naval vessels, most artillery slightly behind in June
War production fell below schedule In June on military planes, tanks, naval vessels and most types of artillery, the Office of War Information revealed August 8. The OWI report blamed temporary shutdowns of some plants on faulty control of materials.
Our Allies in peril
Text of the report follows:
The Office of War Information is directed, among other things, to facilitate the development of an informed and intelligent understanding of the status and progress of the war effort. Accordingly it may, from, time to time, supplement the current news with a review of the general situation.
We are deep in what may be the decisive year of the war. But 1942 will be the decisive year only if our enemies do not succeed in inflicting crippling blows on our allies before the year is out. Even if they fail in that, they will still take a lot of licking. But if they should paralyze the striking power of Russia, or wear down the endurance of China, or break the British power in the Middle East, the war will be decided in some later year not now foreseen, and victory will be far more costly.
Recovery on shipping far distant
It is not intended here to discuss the military situation except as it relates to what -the American people are doing about it. We always knew that for us,
SHIPS—NOT ENOUGH: Chart shows growth of record United States cargo shipbuilding which War Shipping Administration revealed last month as unequal to United Nations’ losses. (Details of ship deliveries, p. 4.)
CARGO PLANES—MORE? Final'word on a contract to build the Martin Mars in a shipyard was yet to come, but WPB officials warmed to proposal. (Pages 4, 5.)
AND DOUBLE: Earlier, WPB committee urged doubling then existing cargo plane program (p. 4).
OUR CHOICE: Not necessarily a competition for materials between cargo planes and combat planes, but between planes and other equipment, a WPB official asserts (p. 5). MAKING BEST OF WHAT WE HAVE: Preferred import list of 500 items was established by WPB (p. 6). Board of Economic Warfare prepared to reroute exports (p. 7)*
1942 would be largely a year of preparation, and that our allies would have to do most of the fighting during most of
Shipping probably won’t regain Dec. 7 level till well into 1943, OWI report discloses
the year. Before we can do much of the fighing we must move great numbers of men and vast masses of material over enormous distances. This job, so far, has been done with entire success; but we are going to have to keep on doing it, in increasing volume, until the war is won.
Allies have carried most of load
Meanwhile, compelled to spread out our naval forces far more widely, and far more thinly, than could have been foreseen, we have paid for the perfect protection given to our troop convoys to Europe and the South Seas with heavy shipping losses off our own coasts. During the first half of this year sinkings of merchant shipping far exceeded new construction. The months of June and July showed a decided improvement in shipbuilding, and in July the curve of submarine sinkings the world over turned downward. We hope that this trend will continue, but nobody can be sure; production of small vessels for the anti-submarine campaign is still lagging, and in June was less than half of schedule. Even if shipbuilding continues to rise and sinkings to decrease, we shall probably be well into 1943 before we again have as much merchant shipping as we had on December 7, 1941.
Meanwhile our allies have carried most of the load, and we have not given them as much help as we had led them (Continued on page 8)'
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August 11, 1942
Review of the Week
The Office of War Information last week gave the public the unpleasant news that war production “fell slightly behind schedule” in June.
In the same week the War Production Board acquired a deputy chairman on program progress, whose duty will be to know when any part of the program lags and to find out why and think up the remedy. The man is Ernest Kanz-ler, who guided the conversion of the automobile industry.
“Black market” investigated
More specifically, the OWI report mentioned some temporary shutdowns and blamed them on faulty control of inventories and of the flow of materials. This official revelation came two days before the August 10 deadline for filing fourth-quarter Production Requirements applications, which are designed to give WPB knowledge of inventories in all large metal-using companies and better control of new materials. To head off delays, WPB gave applicants permission to go ahead and order a certain part of what they say they need if the answer doesn’t come through in time.
Also getting under way was investigation of a reported “black market” in steel, and still another development in materials was the appointment (by the Combined Production and Resources Board) of an American steel mission to Britain. The mission will work for increased and better balanced production of steel in the two countries.
One prime objective of the steel mission is to allocate production and use in such a way as to save shipping space—which, according to the OWI summary, probably will not even regain the level of December 7, 1941, until well into 1943. This despite the continuance of record output by American shipyards in July.
The week hammered to a close without the final word on a cargo plane contract for shipbuilder Henry J. Kaiser, though WPB leaders turned warmly to his proposal. They also published their cargo plane committee’s recommendation of a doubled program for aerial freighters.
Moving to make the best of what we have in the meantime, WPB put some 500 vital items on a list which guarantees them preferential treatment in import, and the Bureau of Economic Warfare warned exporters that goods will be routed according to smartest disposition of shipping even if it means longer overland hauls.
WPB last week received an Academy of Sciences recommendation that alumina be made from clay; took control of balsa wood, emphasizing its usefulness for aircraft; forbade use of a high-grade reclaimed rubber in heels; cut off all typewriter manufacture October 31, except for one company to supply the Government; put an end to production of mattresses, studio couches, sofa beds and lounges containing iron or steel; slashed metal used in loose-leaf books and binders; and expressed dissatisfaction with the results of the tube turn-in which was instituted to recover tin.
OPA sharpens policies
The Office of Price Administration put ceilings on shaped wood products like tool handles and wagon spokes; on more types of lumber; on “free” cotton linters; on Army cotton drill; on lead for bullets; and on imports of silver, which is now a war metal. OPA also rear-, ranged its transportation rates to help get coal by barge to the Northeast and let the Government absorb added costs.
Sharpening the outline of its policy to readjust ceiling prices in case of hardship, OPA warned fish packers not to bid up the prices of fresh fish too high, because OPA is not going to relax the regulation on the finished products.
Meanwhile, on the eve of the presentation of the first joint Army-Navy production awards, President Roosevelt and leaders of war agencies and of labor called for even greater effort to meet our even greater need. And with the anniversary of the Atlantic Charter only a few days away, OWI released a booklet reminding us of the four freedoms for which we are battling across the continents.
War agencies guarantee over 800 production loans in 4 months
In the 4 months since the issuance of the President’s Executive Order 9112, authorizing the Army, Navy, and Maritime Commission to guarantee loans for war production purposes, more than 800 loans aggregating approximately $450,-000,000 have been authorized through the Federal Reserve Banks, acting as agents for these Services, it was announced August 5 by WPB Chairman Nelson.
Mr. Nelson revealed that the loans, which are made through regular banking channels under the guarantees provided by the Armed Services and the Maritime Commission, have ranged in amount from $400 to $40,000,000. Nearly 60 percent of the total number of loans were for amounts under $100,000.
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Kaiser heads new Service to provide recreation for seamen
Admiral Emory S. Land, War Shipping Administrator, August 5 announced inauguration of the United Seamen’s Service to provide clubhouses and recreational facilities for American seamen in principal ports of the United States and in certain foreign ports. Admiral Land said that Henry J. Kaiser, West Coast shipbuilder, had accepted the chairmanship of the Board of Trustees of the United Seamen’s Service.
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Lead bullet rod under ceiling
Issuance of Maximum Price Regulation No. 199, covering lead bullet rod, was announced August 10 by Price Administrator Henderson. The regulation becomes effective August 13.
Lead bullet rod is the raw material from which is made the lead slug that forms the core of a rifle or machine-gun bullet.
Regulation No. 199 was drawn to provide the war program with a uniform price for rod.
VICTORY
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August 11, 1942
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On the Home Front
A war is won only when the last shot has been fired. Wars are not boxing matches, where victory may go to the fighter who wins the most rounds. Only a knock-out counts in war, and it is important right now that we realize this truth.
One reason it is important that we realize this truth about war is that our enemies today are making progress. Today our enemies seem to have won another round—but they have not won a war. A second reason for emphasizing the fact that only the knock-outs count in war is that it will make Us work harder. We, too, have won a round or two recently—won them with the good right fist of war production. But we cannot sit back—a round won isn’t a victory gained. Last month, for instance, we built 71 merchant ships— 790,300 tons of hulls to carry our supplies and weapons to the world fronts. That is a record; that is more shipping than ever was launched before, in a similar period. It is not, however,-enough; not enough to meet the President’s goal of ’8 million deadweight tons of merchant ships this year.
Balance counts in a fight
We must be in there fighting every minute, we must carry the fight to our enemy, we must crowd him against the ropes, we must slug him to the canvas until he cannot rise again. And to do this we must keep our balance. - Balance to a nation engaged in total war is as important as balance to a prize fighter. We must preserve a balance among the air force, the ground force and navy. We must balance our output of weapons and equipment against the ships we must have to transport them. We must balance our output of guns with our production of ammunition. We must make sure that there are engines for our airplanes and propellers for these engines to drive.
We must balance against our military needs the necessities of our civilian economy—we must provide housing and fuel and clothing for our home-front workers, we must make certain there is farm machinery to get in the record crops with which we shall feed not ourselves alone but our friends and Allies. In this war we are fighting there is one acid test of values and this is it: How hard can it hit the enemy or how much can it contribute to hitting him? If it can-
not strike a blow for us or help us to strike a blow we can do without it— whatever it may be.
Total war is work
And just as we must dedicate all our materials and all our tools to this job, so must we dedicate ourselves. The test of anyone’s usefulness in this war is whether he is doing the job he can do best to hurt our enemies and whether he does this job the best he can. War is
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work, the hardest, toughest, grimmest work there is, and this fact will give a special significance to the coming Labor Day.
Labor Day should mean more than ever it has meant in the past and to more people. Labor Day this year will strike a distinctly feminine note, too. This isn’t merely because the good ladies of the auxiliary are making sandwiches, but because women are playing an increasing part in the production on which we depend for victory.
1,750,000 women in war industry
Here is the way it is: there are now 13 million employed women in the U. S. A.— 600,000 more than there were last January 1—and 1,750,000 of these are working in war industry. Total civilian employment by the end of next year, is expected to reach 53,000,000—and 18,-000,000 of these will be women. In other words, we must add between 4 and 5 million women to the roster of workers if we are to reach the estimated 1943 employment peak.
The War Manpower Commission said recently that 12,500,000 people were employed in direct war work July 1. Direct war employment increased tremendously in the first half of 1942—for the first quarter the increase was 2,100,000, for the second, 3,500,000. Absorption of 5,600,000 workers by war industry in 6 months, combined with the manpower
taken by the armed forcés, has practically emptied the barrel. We must turn to our reserve—and that is where women come in.
The march of women to the work of war is going to bring real change to almost every community in the country. If we’re to meet the estimate, one out of every 3 or 4 housewives between the ages of 18 and 44 years will have to accept employment, or, to put it another way, 1 out of every 6 women 18 years of age or over must go to work.
This is going to place a heavier load on women who remain in the home— on women whose lives already have been dislocated by war, who have fewer labor-saving devices to help them and more work to do.
Savings up 70 percent
Last year Americans were spending more for gadgets and appliances than ever before, even in the boom years before the 1929 crash. But after Pearl Harbor our factories gave up gadgets to make guns, and we’ve been saving money. Savings of city people, according to the United States Department of Labor, have been about 70 percent higher in 1942 than last" year. Families whose 1942 incomes did not change saved half again as much in an average 1942 quarter as during a similar period in 1941, while those whose incomes had grown saved an average 57 percent of the enlarged income.
These savings help keep down the high cost of living now, help us fight the war when translated into War stamps and bonds, and will help us in the time of readjustment which must follow the war.
Now and then, WPB still finds places where we can tighten up. September 1 will see an end to manufacture of mattresses containing iron and steel and after November 1 no more studio couches, sofas, or lounges containing these metals may be made. WPB also has practically stopped civilian use of shellac, which will mean even fewer new phonograph records . . . Last week the Office of Price Administration warned bedding manufacturers and dealers that they must stop forcing purchasers to buy unwanted merchandise in order to get an'* article which could have been bought as a separate unit last March. In other words, nobody can insist that you buy a bedroom suit to obtain a bedspring.
School children to walk more
The Office of Defense Transportation doesn’t want school buses used to carry | pupils who have less-than 2 miles to walk . . . WPB has made more leather available for civilian shoes.
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August 11, 1942
WAR PRODUCTION ...
Double cargo plane program, WPB group urges: Nelson studies use of shipyards
Chairman Donald M. Nelson of the War Production Board announced August 6 that the WPB Committee on Cargo Planes, appointed by him on May 29, had submitted a report recommending that arrangements be made at once to at least double the Nation’s existing cargo plane program and urging that further impetus be given to the development of longer-range land and sea planes.
The report of this committee, Mr. Nelson pointed out, must be considered in the light of the existing airplane production program and the demands which that program makes on the country’s resources and manufacturing capacity.
“After Pearl Harbor, the President directed that we set up an airplane program which would make possible the production of 185,000 airplanes in 1942 and 1943,” Mr. Nelson said. “In drawing up such a program, its proportions as to trainers, fighters, bombers and transport planes were of course balanced according to the recommendations of the Chiefs of Staff and the Chiefs of the Army and Navy Air Corps.
Capacity “working at full speed”
“The manufacturing facilities necessary to execute such a program—engine plants, plants to produce Government Furnished Equipment, fabricating plants, air-frame plants, and so on—are being greatly expanded. The country’s airplane manufacturing capacity is today working at full speed in order to meet the President’s goal.
“If we now undertake to build a substantially larger number of cargo planes than is already provided for in our schedule, we must of course cut down the number of some other kind of airplane in our program. That is a decision for the Chiefs of Staff to make, since it is essentially a matter of high military strategy. ’
Recommendations in brief
“Meanwhile, the War Production Boat'd will continue to study the situation to see whether it is going to be possible to expand our production of cargo planes through new facilities or by using other industries such as shipbuilders.”
Mr. Nelson revealed that the report
of the Committee on Cargo Planes specifically recommends:
1. An increase in cargo plane production to at least double the present cargo plane program, both through an increase in present procurement of cargo planes and through conversion of certain bombers to cargo type.
2. Further impetus to the development of longer-range land and sea planes.
3. A large increase in facilities for the manufacture and transportation of aviation gasoline to meet the requirements of a greatly expanded movement of air cargo.
The committee’s report points out that a considerable number of cargo planes are not being built as part of the 185,000 plane program, the Army having carried on development of cargo plane work for a number of years. Some hundreds of these planes have already been delivered to the Army and Navy and are now in service. In addition, a large number of commercial air liners have been requisitioned by the Army and Navy during the past year. United States commercial air
U. S. yards break record again in July with 71 ships despite shortage in steel
American shipbuilders continued to set new ship construction records during the month of July, Admiral Emory S. Land, chairman of the United States Maritime Commission, stated August 1 in announcing that 71 flew cargo ships and tankers were delivered into service during the past month.
The 71 vessels of 790,300 deadweight tons are a new world’s record for steel ship construction and surpass the mark made in June when American shipyards turned out 67 new ships of 748.154 deadweight tons.
Included in the ships delivered during July were 52 Liberty ships, 8 cargo carriers for British account, 6 large tankers, 2 C-l vessels, 2 C-2’s and 1 large Great Lakem ore carrier.
For- the first time in several months East Coast yards led the Nation. The
line fleets plying between the United States and foreign countries, however, have not been depleted by these requisitions.
Pleased with Martin “Mars”
Principal types of cargo craft now under construction, the committee points, out, include the Douglas C-47, the Curtis C-46, the Douglas C-54, and the Consolidated B-24 converted bomber.
The Navy, the report shows, has successfully adapted for cargo-carrying purposes the PBM-3, a Martin patrol bomber, and is now converting some PB2Y-3 four-motored flying boats for cargo carriers. A number of Sikorsky four-motored flying boats will be built as Navy cargo carriers during this year and next. In addition, the Navy now has under test the largest flying ship in the world—the SRM-1, the Martin Mars. The committee reports that tests indicate that this craft will be very successful.
All in all, the committee finds that a substantial cargo-carrying air fleet will have been built up by the end of next year.
Planes “infinitely flexible”
“The measure of the value of the airplane for moving cargo,” says the report,’ “lies not only in the total load that could be carried in a single flight, but in the
Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard, Inc., Baltimore, Md., completed 12 Liberty ships for individual honors. East Coast yards wrested the pace-setting honors from the Pacific Coast with 30 deliveries as compared to 27. Yards along the Gulf Coast continued to show steady improvement with 13 deliveries, the best month’s total to date.
The new record was achieved despite a shortage of steel felt by some yards. It marked the steady increase that has been made with each month. Beginning in January 1942 when 16 ships of 197,628 deadweight tons were delivered, the monthly production has been: February, 26 ships, 289,549 tons; March, 26 ships, 291,473 tons; April, 36 ships, 401,632 tons; May, 57 ships, 619,779 tons; June, 67 ships, 748,154 tons, and July, 71 ships, 790,300 tons. The 1942 total to date is 299 ships of 3,338,515 deadweight tons.
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rapidity with which the aircraft can complete its mission and be ready to start another. An air cargo fleet is, of course, infinitely flexible. It can be used to rush supplies to Iceland this week and to Australia next.”
Reviewing current estimates of the kinds and amounts of nonmilitary commodities which must be exported from the United States during the next 12 months, the committee reports that probably 20 percent of such exports would be suitable for transport by planes if planes were available. Among the articles that could easily be exported by plane, the report says, are special machine tools, chemicals, electrical equipment, surgical and medical supplies, concentrated foodstuffs, and repair parts for production machinery. The proportion of Army and Navy shipments overseas which could be carried by air would be much higher, in the opinion of the committee, running probably as high as 50 percent of all military tonnage.
Even if the présent cargo plane program should be doubled, the report adds, only a fraction of this material could be delivered by air.
Could bring vital imports
“The effective prosecution of the war by the United Nations,” the report says, “depends to a large extent on the ability of the United States as the most potent producer of war materials to import from abroad large enough volumes of necessary strategic material without which our productive program cannot succeed.”
The report then presents a list of -37 commodities, all highly strategic and having a water-borne shipping priority of A-l to A-4, which the United States must import during 1942 from virtually every part of the world under the control of the United Nations.
“Assuming that the total expectable production of cargo planes for the years 1942 and 1943 were available immediately for this purpose and that each plane would operate an average of 2,000 hours total flight time per annum, we would still be unable to move into this country the total of all these urgently needed materials,” the report says.- ₀
“However, by the end of 1943 we would be able to move the total of those products, the demand for which is less than - 100,000 tons per annum. . . .
“The above assumption, of course, does not allow for the use of a substantial portion of these planes in direct military activities—which means that actually the amount that could be carried with the present production would be very much
The alternatives
Not cargo planes vs. combat planes, but planes vs. other products, Locke declares
The decision on how many cargo planes to make is a choice between airplanes and other equipment, rather than between cargo and combat types of aircraft, E. A. Locke, Jr., assistant to-the chairman, WPB, asserted August 5. Following is an excerpt from his speech to the Maryland Academy of Sciences:
Statements have been made that the essential reason why the entire aircraft program cannot be further expanded and more cargo planes thus produced without sacrificing other parts of the aircraft program is that we are up against a bottleneck in engines. It has been further stated that the reason for the engine bottleneck is a shortage of alloy steels and machine tools. I agree with both these statements. I agree that engines are short and that alloy steels and machine tools are very scarce. But I do not agree with the inference that therefore our only choice is between cargo planes and four-engine bombers.
A matter of strategy
Alloy steels and machine tools are short and will probably always be short in wartime, because they are used in the production of guns, trucks, tanks, merchant vessels, naval ships, etc., as well as in the production of airplanes. The real problem, therefore, is whether that steel and those tools are being used to best advantage at present or whether their distribution should be altered by directing more of them into the production of airplanes and less into the production of guns and trucks and tanks
smaller. It is for this reason that this report repeatedly points out the necessity of at least doubling the present production.
“Certain importable materials, particularly those coming from China, India, and points in the Middle East and Near East, are not now easily available for water transport, because in many instances the country of origin is completely blockaded by the enemy. In other instances, the water trip is so long and so vulnerable to enemy action that materials of strategic importance to the United States should not be subjected to the risk of loss.”
The committee also studied the possible advantages to be derived by use of
and ships. That is of course a matter of strategic determination.
What we could do with them
If, 2 or 3 years from now, we should possess a fleet of 500 cargo seaplanes, each having a gross weight of 200 tons and a pay-load capacity of about 100 tons, here’s what we could do with that fleet. We could operate it all the year round between Norfolk, Va., and Great Britain and, in addition to carrying enough gasoline for its complete round trip, that fleet would also carry this cargo: Bombs, ammunitions, spare parts, gasoline, and food for some 50,000 pilots and mechanics, all sufficient to maintain an air invasion fleet over Berlin of 1,000 planes every day in the year.
In conclusion, let me say that the proposal which Mr. Henry Kaiser has made to the effect that we build a fleet of cargo planes of the Mars type is receiving our most careful, active, and sympathetic consideration. The country has been deeply stirred by this plan, because somewhere in the back of its mind it has always had the feeling that America would win this war in the air. Mr. Kaiser has suggested the solution to a problem which is probably the most difficult that we face today, the problem of getting the fruits of our enormous productive machine to the fighting fronts. -His is a new and daring approach. We in the War Production Board are determined that this proposal shall get every possible consideration and that it shall get it quickly.
gliders as cargo carriers. Remarking that the principal operational value of the glider—the ability to drop loads at airports where the powered plane does not intend to land—is of more value in combat operations than in general cargo delivery, the report points out that it would probably require 7 or 8 cargo planes, each towing one or two gliders, to carry the same total load that could be handled by 10 similar airplanes without gliders. Therefore, “it does not appear that the glider has any important contribution to make to the solution of the general problem of efficient cargo movement on a large scale and over long distances. It appears to be a special expedient for use in special cases.”
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August 11, 1942
WPB places 500 vital import items on emergency shipping priorities list
The WPB announced August 4 that it has placed some 500 items of import from all parts of the world on an emergency shipping priorities list as vital to the Nation’s wartime economy, thus guaranteeing them preferential treatment in the assignment of space that becomes available in America-bound ships loading cargoes in world ports. The list is subject to addition and revision in the future as needs change, it was said.
Control orders based on war needs
The War Shipping Administration has agreed to limit the cargoes to be carried on the ships under its control to this Emergency Shipping Priorities List, though other lower-rated cargo may be lifted from the Caribbean area, the territorial and insular possessions of the United States, Canada, and Newfoundland, where shipping space has not been exhausted by items on the Emergency List.
Announcing the list of these priority items on the Emergency List as a guide to importers, their agents, ship lines, banks, and others concerned with the purchase and transportation of import cargoes, the Board explained that three types of controlling orders had been established, based on the needs of the Nation, potential volumes of the cargoes, and other factors. The materials are listed with an indication of which of these orders govern them, if any, and a brief explanation of procedure.
The Stockpile and Shipping Branch of the WPB, which has compiled the list, said that publication was designed to help further in the importing of raw materials of an essential nature to the Nation’s factories and plants at a time when ships’ space is extremely valuable and cargoes of uncertain value are offered in competition with those more essential. Heretofore, for over a year, priorities on imports have been in effect, but after essential cargo had been moved, non-pri-ority cargo could be loaded. Now that the WSA has decided, in order to save shipping time, to load only priority cargo, the publication of the list is essential. No publication of tonnages, source areas, or comparative ratings can be made for reasons of public policy.
Quotas on certain types of cargoes
Many of the priority materials are subject to the provisions of General Imports Order M-63. This order separates many items of import into classes which
are dealt with on the basis of their importance to the war effort. There is also in effect a quota system so that certain types of cargoes shall be carried up to an allocated quota only when a certificate is issued. This certificate system also gives cargoes of special immediate importance a preferential treatment in the assignment of ships’ space.
Three lists under M-63
General Imports Order M-63 is divided into three parts. The first two lists are made up of critical and strategic materials, important in varying degrees to the war effort, whereas List III is made up of less essential civilian items of which shipping space only permits that a limited quantity at best can be brought into the country because of the stringent shipping situation. Private purchases for import of the items under M-63 (all lists) are permitted only by exemptions issued by the WPB, through the stockpile and shipping branch.
Certificates of Shipping Priority for the materials listed as “under certificate,” it was announced, may also be obtained on application to the Stockpile and Shipping Branch of the War Production Board, Social Security Building, Washington, D. C.
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EMERGENCY SHIPPING PRIORITIES LIST
The list of cargoes on the Emergency Shipping Priorities List and their controlling import order are as follows:
Abrasives: corundum ore, emery ore, and grinding pebbles, M-63 List II; acacia gum; acid, arsenious; acids, cresylic; aconite; agar; aloes.
Alpaca hair, M-63 List III; animi gum; angora rabbit hair; angora goat hair (mohair), M-63 List III; annatto and extracts, M-63 List III; antimony ore and metal, M-63 List II; arable gum; argols, including tartar and wine lees and crude calcium tartrate and tartaric acid, M-63* List III; arrowroot starch; arsenic, white; arsenious acid.
Asbestos, unmanufactured: Amosite fiber B-l, amosite fiber B-3 or D-3, amosite fiber, M blue fiber; blue fiber A & C, blue fiber MS, blue fiber MSL, blue fiber KBY, chrysotile fiber, chrysotile fiber C and G 1, chrysotile fiber C and G 2, chrysotile fiber C and G 3, chrysotile fiber C and G 4—all M-63 List II.
Asbestos, blue yarn; babassu kernels, M-63 List II; babassu oil, M-63 List II; bagging, jute (new and old); balata, gutta; balsa wood, M-63 List II; balsams, crude, M-63 List III; bananas, M-63 List III; barbasco root, M-63 List I; bauxite.
Beef, canned corned, M-63 List III—under certificate a; beeswax, crude, M-63 List III; belladonna; benzoin gum; beryl ore or beryllium ore, M-63 List I; bile, ox, under certificate; binding twine; bismuth, metal and compounds; bois de rose or Lignaloe oil, M-63 List III; bones, crude and hoofs, horns, horn strips, and tips, M-63* List III—under certificate; bone black and bone char, M-63 List in—under certificate; bort, diamond.
Brass scrap, red and yellow or mill, M-63 List II; brattice cloth; brazilian pebble; bristles, hog, prepared or crude, M-63 List II; bronze scrap; burlap, or jute bags and sacks; buttons, pearl or shell; cabretta skins, M-63 List II; cadmium metal and flue dust; caf-feins, under certificate; cajeput oil; calabar beans; calcium tartrate, crude, M-63 List III; calfskins, wet and dry, M-63 List II; camel hair; camphor oil; cananga oil.
Cane sugar, M-63 List III; canned corned beef, M-63 List III—under certificate; canned fish, M-63* List III; carnauba wax, M-63 List III; caroa fibre, M-63 List III; casein glue; cashew nut kernel oil, M-63 List II; cashew nut shell oil, M-63 List II; cashmere.
Casings, sausage (sheep and lamb), M-63 List III; casings, for sutures, early lamb No. 1 frozen not salted, M-63 List III—under certificate; cassia oil; castor beans, M-63 List II; castor oil, M-63 List I; cattle hides, wet and dry, M-63 List II; cattle tail hair, M-63* List I—under certificate; caucho rubber.
Chalk; chamois, M-63 List III—under certificate; char, bone, M-63 List III—under cer-tificate; char, coconut shell; china wood oil, M-63 List II; chrome ore or chromite, M-63 List II; cinchona bark, M-63 List I; cinnamon oil; citronella oil; clay, Brazilian, under certificate; cloth, brattice; clove oil; cobalt ore, concentrates and metal; coca leaves.
Cocoa beans, M-63 List III; coconut oil, M-63 List II; coconut shell char; cod liver oil; cod oil, M-63 List I; coffee, M-63 List III; coir yarn, under certificate; Columbium ore and concentrates, M-63 List I; coney and rabbit fur, undressed; containers, empty steel cylinders for compressed or liquefied gases (made in U. S. A.), under certificate; copal gums.
Copper: Ores (19 percent and over copper content) ; otavi ore (lead and copper) ; pyrites ore; concentrates; matte; blister; metallic, M-63 List II; scrap, unalloyed No. 1 and No. 2, M-63 List II.
Copra, M-63 List II; cordage (of manila, sisal, henequen and other hard fibers); cork wood or bark, unmfd. and cork waste, shavings and refuse; corn or maize oil, M-63 List I; corned beef, canned, M-63 List III—under certificate a; corundum ore, M-63 List II; cotton, li’/io inch staple and over, M-63 List III; cotton, long staple (selected grades), M-63 List HI—under certificate; cotton linters (chemical or munitions grades only), M-63 List II; cottonseed oil (all types), M-63 List I and III; creosote oil; cresylic acids, including creols.
Crossbred wool, M-63 List I and III; crude rubber; crude, petroleum and topped crude; cryolite; cube root, M-63 List I; cutch extract; cylinders, empty steel, for compressed or liquefied gases (made in U. S. A.), under certificate; dallas grass seed, under certificate; derris or tuba root, M-63 List I.
Diamond bort, manufactured (diamond dies); diamond dies; diamonds, industrial (glaziers’, engravers’, and miners); digitalis; divi-divi pods and extract, M-63 List I; dogfish liver oil; down, goose, M-63 List I— under .certificate.
Drugs, crude and advanced: Aconite; aloes; benzoin gum; caffeine; calabar beans; digitalis; ergot; glandulars (thyroid, pituitary, etc.); henbane; kola nuts, M-63 List III; lycopodium; mate, M-63 List III; menthol; nux vomica; opium; pilocarpus jaborandi; psyllium seed; pyrethrum or Insect flowers; senna; soap bark seed or quillaya, M-63 List III; squill, red and white; stramonium; strophantus seeds; theobromine.
Duck feathers, under certificate; emery ore; engravers’, glaziers’ and miners’ dia-
August 11, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
7
mends; ergot; eucalyptus oil; fabrics, Jute; feathers and,, down, goose and duck, M-63* List I—under certificate.
Ferrenickel; fish and shellfish (including canned fish), M-63* List III; fish livers; fish liver oils; flake, graphite, M-63 List I; flax, line fibre, hackled and not hackled, M-63 List I; flaxseed (linseed), M-63 List I; flint, flints, flint stones; fluorspar, M-63 List III; fuel oil, residual.
Gas oil, Diesel oil and finished distillate fuel oil; gasoline and other motor fuel; ginger root, glandulars (thyroid, pituitary, etc.); glass, optical; glaziers', engravers’ and miners’ diamonds; glue: casein glue; vegetable glue; fish glue; other glue, M-63 List III.
Glue size. Glue stock: hide cuttings, raw, M-63 List III; other; glycerin, crude and refined, M-63 List I; goat and kid hair, M-63 List III; goat and kidskins, wet and dry, M-63 List II; goose and duck feathers, under certificate; goose down, M-63 List I—under certificate; graphite, flake, M-63 List I; grass seed, dallas, under certificate; grinding pebbles; guayule rubber.
Gum: Acacia, arable, copals, damar, kauri, Senegal, Zanzibar; gutta balata, gutta percha and other guttas; gypsum, crude; hair, camel; halibut liver oil; hare fur skins, undressed.
Hemp, Under certificate; hemp seed, M-63 List® III—under certificate; henbane; henequen and sisal; henequen cordage; hevea rubber; hibiscus cannabinus, hibiscus ferox, and other jutelike fibers, M-63* List III; hide cuttings, raw, M-63 List III; hides, cattle, wet and dry, M-63 List II; hides, horse, colt and ass, wet and dry, M-63 List III; hog bristles, M-63 List II; hoofs,, under certificate; horns, under certificate; horse, colt and ass hides, wet and' dry, M-63 List HI; horsehair, curled, M-63 List I; horsehair, horse mane or tail hair, dressed or drawn, combings, and raw horsehair suitable for dressing, M-63 List I—under certificate.
Ilmenite sand, M-63 List III; Imitation and precious stones; industrial- diamonds; insecticides, M-63* List I; iodine, M-63 List HI; ipecac; iridium; iron ore. M-63 List Hl; iron and steel scrap, M-63 List II; jute butts; jute fiber, unmanufactured; jute, woven fabrics.
Kapok, M-63 List II—under certificate; kauri gum and chips; kerosene; kid and goat skins, wet and dry, M-63 List II; kipskins, wet and dry, M-63 List II; kela nuts, M-63 List III; kyanite and sillimanite, M-63 List II; lac, button and shellac, M-63 List II; lac, seed and crude, M-63 List II; lamb and sheep skins, M-63 List III; latex; lead; bullion, M-63 List II; ore and matte; metallic, M-63 List I; scrap and dross, M-63 List II.
Leather, sale (unmanufactured), M-63 List III—under certificate; lemongrass oil; lig-naloe or bois de rose oil, M-63 List III; lignum vitae logs, under certificate; lime oil; linseed (flaxseed), M-63 List I; linseed oil and combinations thereof, M-63 List I and HI; linters, cotton (chemical and munitions grades only); llama hair, M-63 List HI.
Logs, mahogany, M-63 List II—under partial certificate; logs, teak and lignum vitae, under certificate; lumber, mahogany, M-63 List II—under certificate; lycopodium; mace and nutmeg; mahogany logs, M-63 List II— under partial certificate; mahogany lumber or timber, M-63 List II—under certificate; manganese ore, 35 percent and over, battery and ferro grades.
Mangrove bark, M-63 List HI; mangrove extract, M-63 List I; manila cordage; mate, M-63 List III; menthol; mercury ore (cinnabar), M-63 List II; mercury (quicksilver), M-63 List H; metals, scrap, M-63* List I and II; mica, except ground and pulverized or waste, M-63 List II; miners’, engravers’ and glaziers’ diamonds; mohair (angora goat hair), M-63 List III; molasses: edible, M-63 List IH; high test and blackstrap, M-63 List HI; inedible. M-63 List IH.
Molybdenite; monazite sand, M-63 List HI; muru muru; nuts and kernels, M-63 List I; oil; mutton tallow, M-63 List I; myrobalans fruit and extract, M-63 List I; neatsfoot oil, M-63 List I; nickel ore, matte, speiss and ferronickel; nitrates, crude: sodium and potassium nitrates, and potassium-sodium mixtures, M-63 List HI; noils, silk; nutgalls or gall nuts; nutmegs, unground; nux vomica.
Oils, edible and denatured or fatty acid types: Corn oil, M-63 List I; cottonseed oil, M-63 List I and III; linseed oil and combinations thereof, M-63 List I and HI; peanut oil, M-63 List I; sunflower seed oil, M-63 List I.
Oils, essential or distilled, not containing alcohol: Bois de rose, M-63 List HI; cajeput;
May reroute exports to make best use of shipping space
Exporters were advised August 5 that the transportation controls division of the BEW Office of Exports will make the best possible use of available shipping space. To do this, It was pointed out, it may be necessary to route commodities from ports other than those nearest the point of origin or present location of materials licensed for export.
Exporters were advised to make arrangements with their buyers to cover additional costs of overland hauls across the continent if Government export and transportation controls require that shipments be made from Pacific ports rather than from Atlantic or Gulf ports.
camphor; cananga; cassia; cinnamon; citronella; clove; eucalyptus; lemon grass; lignaloe, M-63 List III; lime; orange; palmarosa; patchouli; pettigrain; pine needle; rosemary; ylang-ylang.
Oils: Babassu, M-63 List H; cashew nut, M-63 List II; cashew shell, M-63 List H; castor, M-63 List I; china wood, M-63 List H; coconut, M-63 List n; cod, M-63 List I; cod liver; colza, M-63 List II; creosote; fish liver; muru muru; neatsfoot, M-63 List I; olticica, M-63 List I; ouricury nut, M-63 List I; palm, M-63 List II; palm kernel, M-63 List II; rapeseed, M-63 List H; sperm, M-63 List I; tucum nut; tung, M-63 List H; whale, M-63 List I; oils, unfinished; oiticica oil, M-63 List I.
Oleo stearin, M-63 List III; opium; optical glass, except that used in spectacles; orange oil; osmium; ouricury kernels, M-63 List I; ouricury nut oils, M-63 List I; ouricury wax, M-63 List III; oxbile, under certificate; palladium; palm nut kernels, M-63 List H; palm oil; peanut oil, M-63 List I; pearl or shell kernel oil, M-63 List H; palm oil, M-63 List H
Palmarosa oil; palmyra fiber; patchouli buttons; petroleum, crude and topped crude; pettigrain oil; piassava fiber, M-63 List HI; pig bristles, M-63 List II; pilacarpus Jabor-andi; pine needle oil.
Platinum concentrates and metals including: Ruthenium; rhodium; iridium; palladium; osmium.
Potassium nitrates, M-63 List III; precious stones and imitations; psyllium seed; pyrethrum flowers; quartz crystals; quebrache
extract, M-63 List I; quicksilver or mercury, M-63 List II; quillaya, M-63 List HI; quinine, sulphate and alkaloid; radium salts.
Rapeseed oil, M-63 List H; zred squill; rhodium; rosemary oil; rotenone bearing roots, M-63 List I; rubber, crude: Cauche, guayule, hevea, latex, other natural; rubber, manufactured products.
Ruthenium; rutile sand and ore, M-63 List I; salt, solar; salts, radium; salts, selenium; sand, Ilmenite; M-63 List IH; sand, monazite, M-63 List HI; sand, rutile, ziroon and ilmenite mixed, M-63 Lists I and IH; sausage casings, sheel and lamb only, M-63 List III; sausage casings, for sutures, early lamb No. 1 casings, frozen, not salted, M-63 List IH— under certificate.
Scrap metals, M-63* List I and H; scrap rubber; selenium and salts; Senegal gum; senna leaves; shark liver oil; shavings, cork; shearlings, sheepskin, M-63 List II; sheep and lamb skins, M-63 List III; sheepskin shearlings M-63 List II; sheel or pearl buttons; shellfish and fish (including canned), M-63* List HI; shellac and button lac, M-63 List H.
Silk: Cocoons; raw, including wild silk or tussah; noils; waste; sillimanite and kyanite, M-63 List II; sisal and henequen; sisal cordage; Skins: Calf, M-63 List II; coney, rabbit fur and hare; goat and kid, M-63 List II; kip, M-63 List II; seal; sheep and lamb, M-63 List HI; soap bark seed, M-63 List III; sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, crude, including: potassium - sodium nitrate mixtures, M-63 List IH.
Speiss, nickel; sperm oil, M-63 List I; spices: Ginger root, unground; mace, unground; nutmeg, unground; vanilla beans, M-63 List III; sponges, luffa, under certificate; starch, arrowroot.
Steatite talc, under certificate; steel and iron scrap, M-63 List II; stones, imitation and precious; stramonium; strontium, metal and compounds; strophantus seeds; sugar cane, M-63 List III; sunflower oil, M-63 List I; sunn fiber, under certificate; tagua nuts or vegetable ivory, M-63 .List III; talc, block steatite or soapstone, crude and unground, under certificate.
Tallow, beef and mutton, edible and inedible, M-63 List I; tantalite, M-63 List I; tara, pods and powder, M-63 List I; tartrate, crude, M-63 List III; tartaric acid; tea, M-63 List III; teak, logs, under certificate; theobromine; Tin: Ore; metal, M-63 List H; scrap, metallic, M-63 List H; scrap, plate. M-63 List II.
Timbo root, M-63 List I;, tragacanth; tuba or tube root, M-63 List I; tucum nuts and kernels, M-63 List I; tucum nut oil; tung oil, M-63 List II; tungsten ore and concentrates, M-63 List II; tussah, silk; twine, binding; uranium ore; urena lobata (or aramina, ca-dillo, or malva roxa).
Valonia and extract, M-63 List I; vanadium ore and concentrates, M-63 List H; vanilla beans, M-63 List IH; vegetable ivory or tagua nuts, M-63 List III; vicuna hair, M-63 List III; waste, silk; waste, wool, M-63 List IH; wattle extract, M-63 List I; Wax: beeswax, M-63 List III; carnauba, M-63 List HI; ouricury, M-63 List IH.
Webbing; whale oil, M-63 List I; white arsenic; white squill; wild or tussah silk; wine lees (argols), M-63 List III; wood oil, M-63 List II; woodpulp: Ground sulphite.
Wool, all grades of combing fleeces, bellies and pieces up to and including 3% of fault, M-63 Lists I and III; wool, crossbred, M-63 Lists I and HI; Wool tops; wool, waste, M-63 List III; ylang-ylang oil; Zanzibar gum; zinc: Ore; concentrates; metal, M-63 List II; scrap and dross; zirconium sand and ore including baddeleyite, brazilite, zircite, M-63 List I.
* Partially covered by General Imports Order M-63 (refer to order).
⁰ For armed services only.
* For reexport only.
8
★ VICTORY ★
August 11, 1942
War production falls below schedule
(.Continued from page 1) to expect. Partly this is not our fault, except in such degree as the enemy’s victories may be our fault; the cutting of the Burma Road made it harder to supply China and German activity on the route to Murmansk makes it harder to’ supply Russia. But by and large, we have -not been producing war material to the maximum of available capacity, and have not been getting that material to the fighting fronts in the time and in the volume that will be needed to win.
“Defensive victories”
We have done pretty well, but not well enough. Our forces in the Pacific, after the initial disasters at Pearl Harbor and on the Philippine air fields, worked heroically at a heavy disadvantage, in numbers as well as in distance. The wonder is not that we lost so much but that we held on to so much; but we did lose plenty. The battles in the Coral Sea, the greater battle at Midway, were brilliant victories against superior forces; but they were defensive victories. We held the enemy on the 20-yard line and punted out of danger, but his goal posts are still a long way off. We held the central Pacific and reinforced Australia; but he still holds the Philippines, and the Dutch islands, and the rubber that we need.
Production below schedule
At home, too,"we have done pretty well but not well enough. Our production, measured by our standards of a couple of years ago, is amazing; measured against what we need to win, it is not yet enough. In June we fell slightly below schedule in total military planes, in total combat planes, and in most of the individual types; we made more planes than any other country in the world, but we did not make as many as we said we were going to make. The same is true of tanks, of most types of artillery, and of naval vessels—particularly the small craft needed to fight submarines.
Emphasis now on materials
We have made in the past 2 years a tremendous plant expansion. Now we have more factories than, at the moment, we can use—not too many, perhaps, compared to the ultimate need, but too many for the amount of raw materials at present available. Faulty control of inventories and of flow of materials has necessitated some temporary shutdowns. The war-production drive is
taking a new turn, emphasizing materials until we get enough of them to keep all our factories busy. Mistakes made this time were perhaps unavoidable and will not be made again, but their consequences will be with us for some time to come. And the resolution not to repeat them must be backed up by an intensified effort of the entire Nation.
A “have-not nation” in some resources
There is no doubt that the American people mean to win the war; but there is doubt that all of us realize how hard we are going to have to work to win it. The war is still a long way off, thanks to our good luck and the stubbornness of our allies; but it may not stay a long way off unless we work at it harder than we are working now. Too many people seem to feel that we are fighting this war out of a surplus—a surplus of resources and productive capacity, a surplus of time. That is not true. We have plenty of some resources; in others we are a* have-not nation.
Need to make greater sacrifices
We have great productive capacity; but conversion of that plant from peacetime to wartime uses was a job that had to be learned, and could not be learned without making mistakes. We cannot devote that plant primarily to war purposes without greater sacrifices in convenience and comfort than we are making now; and it must compete with the productive capacity of most of Europe, managed by men who have organized it only for war purposes. As for time, it will never be on our side till we use it better than the enemy does.
So far, our allies have done most of the fighting; our casualties have been only about one in three thousand of the American people. But wars are not won by production alone; they are won only by fighting battles with what you produce, and winning some of those battles. It is probable that we shall also lose some of them, and certain that we are not going to win without heavy losses of men.
Our forces are being disposed as and where the military commanders believe they get the maximum of results according to the best professional judgment. In the war, since December 7th, no strategical plan or operation calling for or using American naval, land, or air forces has been adopted or carried out, except on the recommendation and with
KANZLER NAMED DEPUTY TO TRACK DOWN, CORRECT DELAYS IN PRODUCTION
WPB Chairman Nelson August 4 announced the appointment of Ernest Kanzler as deputy chairman on program progress.
In this position, Mr. Kanzler will have general responsibility for following through on the over-all progress and results of the war production program. He will know when any part of the program falls behind schedule and will have the duty of discovering the cause of the delay and suggesting the necessary corrective action; and he will work with the other agencies involved* as these remedial measures are put into effect.
Mr. Kanzler Jias served since January as WPB Regional Director in Detroit. The task of converting the automotive industry to war production has «been executed under his guidance.
the approval of the top officers of the American Army and Navy. Popular pressure for action on this front or that of the many possible fronts can serve no useful purposes. When we cannot be strong and hit hard everywhere, we must be able to hit hard where it counts most, even at the price of leaving other areas inactive.
“We could lose this war”
We could lose this war. We never have lost a war; but it has been remarked that this means only that our ancestors never lost a war; and our ancestors were never up against a war like this. It is a war against men with whom no honorable peace is possible; in both Europe and Asia they were fighting it by other means long before the shooting started, and their record proves that they would continue it by other means after the shooting stops, if they still had the power. It is a total war, in which defeat by our enemies means destruction; the French learned that there could be no honorable submission to Hitler. To win a total war we must fight it totally, and we are not yet fighting it that hard. We are fighting fanatical men out for world domination, and we can beat them only if we want to beat them as badly as they want to beat us. Many individual Americans have made great sacrifices, but as a Nation we are not yet more than ankle deep in the war.
August 11, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
9
Producers can get metals under interim plan before their PRP certificates are received
An extended interim procedure for applicants under the Production Requirements Plan who have not received their PRP certificates is provided by Amendment No. 3 to Priorities Regulation No. 11, announced August 6 by the Director General for Operations.
Class I producers — companies using more than $5,000 worth of metal in a quarter which are required by Priorities Regulation No. 11 to obtain priority assistance under PRP—are permitted by the amendment to accept delivery of up to 70 percent of their indicated requirements for the quarter in the first and second months, if they have submitted a PRP application as required and have not yet received their certificate.
In order to obtain such material, they may apply or extend ratings on orders received by them, or may use ratings under any “P” order under which they have previously operated, even though the “P” order may have expired so far as other producers are concerned.
Class I producers who have submitted their PRP applications for the fourth quarter may also order for delivery in October up to 40 percent of their indicated requirements, and for delivery in October and November up to 70 percent of such requirements, prior to receiving their certificates. However, all material delivered under the interim procedure in either the third or fourth quarter must be deducted from the amounts authorized on the certificate when it is received.
It is anticipated that fourth-quarter PRP certificates Issued as a result of applications which are submitted as required by August 10 will be mailed back to the applicants soon after the middle of September, after necessary calculations and over-all requirements determinations have been made. However, some companies will find it necessary to place orders for October and November delivery before their fourth-quarter certificates are received, and the August 6 amendment is designed to make this possible.
Another paragraph of the amendment adds silver to the list of metals which must be considered in determining whether or not a company is a Class I producer required to operate under PRP, and removes from the list ferro-alloying agents, oxides and other compounds of nonferrous metals previously contained in paragraphs (b) and (c)'of the Metals List.
Charges of “black market” in steel investigated by Nelson’s order
WPB Chairman Donald M. Nelson August S ordered the Compliance Branch of the WPB to make an immediate Investigation into charges that some steel warehouses have engaged in “black market” operations. A representative of the Compliance Branch, H. J. Dowd, was to fly to New Orleans at once to conduct the probe.
To check violations of WPB orders
The charges concerning “black market” operations were expressed August 4 in New Orleans by Frank Higgins, general manager of the Higgins Corporation, before a House subcommittee hearing on the recent cancellation of a Higgins Corporation shipbuilding contract.
From the available reports of Mr. Higgins’ testimony, it is impossible to tell whether there have been violations of WPB orders in the cases cited. However, this can readily be discovered in the course of the investigation ordered by Mr. Nelson.
In making his announcement August 5, Mr. Nelson revealed that the Com-
Dairy salvage drive expected to yield over million pounds of scrap metals
Over a million pounds of urgently needed scrap metals are expected to be made available to the war production program as a result of a salvage campaign in the dairy industry announced August 10 by the Conservation Division.
The campaign, to embrace about 37,000 dairy plants throughout the industry, is designed to yield large quantities of critical materials from unused and abandoned dairy processing machinery. A minimum of thirty pounds of scrap from each plant has been established as the collection goal.
★ ★ ★
Heat exchangers
Heat exchangers, urgently needed in war industries and by Army, Navy, and Maritime Commission, were placed under a system of complete allocation August 5 by order of the Director General for Operations.
pliance Branch, in connection with its regular operations, launched a survey into the operation of over 800 major steel warehouses 2 months ago. The Compliance Branch, headed by John H. Ward, is continuing this survey with field investigators.
Obtain steel in excess of quotas
So far, the Compliance Branch has taken action in 22 cases of violations. The penalties in these cases have involved suspension orders effecting reductions in the amounts of steel which the offending warehouse companies were permited to accept after discovery of the violations. In all 22 cases, it was found that warehouse operators had obtained quantities of steel in excess of their allowed quotas.
The WPB months ago adopted a policy governing warehouse operations. Under this policy, warehouses handling steel products are given assistance by the WPB in obtaining steel for their war-business operations, so that prompt deliveries to war plants of small quantities can be made readily.
Tube-for-tube exchange not yielding enough tin, says conservation official
The tube-for-tube exchange over toilet goods counters Is now netting war production 40 tons a month of critical metal, according to a statement made August 5 by Paul Cabot, deputy director of 'WPB’s Conservation Division.
1,200 tons annually is goal
This amount does not satisfy either WPB officials or the Tin Salvage z Institute, reclaimers of tin tube containers for the Government. The Institute estimates that during the first 3 months of 1942 the American public consumed a monthly average of over 600 tons of metal in tubes. On this basis a far larger amount should be salvaged.
Aiming at a goal of at least 1,200 tons a year, the Conservation Division urges the public and all dealers handling tooth paste and shaving cream tubes to cooperate in this efficient and practical method of salvaging one of the war’s most critical materials.
10
★ VICTORY ★
August 11, 1942
Steel mission will go to Great Britain to study joint production problems
The Combined Production and Resources Board announced August 9 appointment of an American steel mission to Great Britain in a move to attack this basic war production problem of the two countries on a united basis.
To study British methods and needs
The mission will study British methods and requirements and investigate means to increase the quantity of steel needed for the United Nations war effort and to obtain maximum efficiency in the use and allocation of the combined productive capacity of the two countries.
A British steel mission, it is hoped, will come to the United States to make a similar study here when the American group returns to the United States.
Appointment of the mission and arrangements for its visit to Great Britain were completed 1 week after the Combined Production and Resources Board had held its first formal meeting. Sir Robert Sinclair, deputy for British Minister of Production Oliver Lyttelton on the Combined Board, arrived in this country July 25. Donald M. Nelson, chairman of the War Production Board,
WPB approves plan for second route to move iron ore from upper Great Lakes
Moving to safeguard the flow of iron ore to the Nation’s iron and steel mills, the WPB August 7 announced its approval of a program to make possible continued volume shipments of ore from the upper Great Lakes region, even in the event that the locks at Sault St. Marie, Mich., should be closed to traffic.
Rail movement not feasible
Approximately 84,000,000 tons of ore will pass through the Soo locks this year, and a larger tonnage will be moved in 1943. To move this ore by rail to the steel-producing areas around the lower lakes would be extremely expensive and would tie up rail shipment of other war goods. Also it would require rail equipment urgently needed for other purposes. In addition, many furnaces are situated on lake front sites and are not equipped to receive ore by rail.
is the American member and James M. Knowlson, vice chairman of WPB, is his deputy.
Scope of study
The mission will study:
1. Ways to increase total production of steel in the United States and Great Britain.
2. The British system for control of steel production, allocation, and distribution.
3. How the steel programs of the two nations can be brought into better balance so that plates, shapes, structural steel and so on will all be produced in the proper ratio.
4. Whether increased production and savings in shipping space can be effected by sending more ingot steel and less finished weapons to Britain or vice versa.
5. What steel products can best be made in the United States and what can best be made in Britain.
6. Which theaters of war shall be supplied from Britain and which from the United States in order to save shipping space.
7. Methods used by Britain to collect steel scrap and the use that is made of the scrap.
8. British progress in reducing steel consumption by substitution, simplifying specifications and eliminating wasteful machining operations and means for pooling such information by the two countries.
9. What percentage of British steel production is used in war production and what percentage in civilian production.
10. Means of obtaining savings in use of scarce alloy steels.
The capacity of the United States and Great Britain to make weapons of war out of steel is now greater than their joint capacity to produce steel.
Consequently, the Board felt that development of an additional route for bringing ore down to the mills was essential. The program which has been approved includes these steps:
1. The Immediate construction of ore yards and docks at Escanaba, Mich., and the possible dredging of additional channels in Escanaba Harbor, to make possible the handling at that port of 60,000,000 tons of ore per season.
2. Immediate improvements, through ballasting, tying and the strengthening of bridges, of the railroads operating between Escanaba and Superior, Wls., and between Escanaba and Ironwood, Mich.
Total cost of all of these improvements is estimated at 20 to 30 million dollars.
Completion of this program, expected by the end of this year, will mean that the United States will have a second route for the handling of iron ore, capable of moving up to 100,000,000 tons of iron ore annually.
Steel Recovery Corporation organized to buy idle, frozen, and excess stocks
Organization of the Steel Recovery Corporation was announced August 8 by the WPB. The new corporation, acting as agent of the Metals Reserve Company, will make arrangements for the purchase and sale to war contractors of idle, frozen, and excess stocks of iron and steel, as part of WPB’s Nation-wide program to direct all scarce materials into strategic production as rapidly as possible. It will function in much the same manner as the Copper Recovery Corporation, which is now in the process of channeling millions of pounds of copper into war use.
Stewart elected president
At the first meeting of the board of directors, held in Washington, George L. Stewart, vice president of Edgar T. Wards’ Sons Co., steel distributors, of Pittsburgh, Pa., was elected president of the Steel Recovery Corporation. Other . members of the board are:
C. W. Nichols, vice president, Metals Reserve Co.; John May, vice president, American Steel and Wire Co., Cleveland, Ohio; N. J. Clarke, vice president, Republic Steel Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio; B. E. Kibbee, vice president, Sharon Steel Corporation, Sharon, Pa.; Richmond Lewis, president, Charles C. Lewis Co., Springfield, Mass.; Everett D. Graff, president, Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, Inc., Chicago, Ill.; Lester Brion, president, Peter A. Frässe and Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.; Walter S. Tower, president, American Iron and Steel Institute, New York, N. Y.; Walter S. Doxsey, president, American Steel Warehouse Association, Cleveland, Ohio.
Headquarters of the Steel Recovery Corporation will be established in Pittsburgh.
August 11, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
11
Stop-production dates set tor mattresses, other bedding goods containing iron, steel
Production of mattresses must stop on September 1, and of studio couches, sofa beds, and lounges on November 1, if such products contain iron or steel, under the terms of an order issued August 4 by Amory Houghton, Director General for Operations.
These limitations are incorporated in a complete revision of Order L-49 (Beds, Springs, and Mattresses) which also es-. tablishes quotas for the production of bed springs, and sets up regulations governing the renovation of mattresses, springs, lounges, and other products.
The provisions apply to these classes of bedding products:
Mattresses, pads, and pillows; buttons, eyelets, etc.; bed springs; studio couches, sofa beds, and lounges; and renovating of used bedding products.
Production of bedding products for the Army, Navy, Maritime Commission, War Shipping Administration, and other Government agencies, and production for Lend-Lease purposes, for hospitals and sanitariums is exempted from the restrictions of the order.
Appeals from the provisions of the order must be made on Form PD-500 and filed with the field office of the War Production Board for the district in which the manufacturer’s plant is located,
★ ★ ★
Iron and steel for binders cut to 30 percent of 1941 output
The amount of iron and steel that may be fabricated or assembled into metal parts or units for blank books, loose-leaf books, binders or covers has been limited to 30 percent of 1941 consumption by the Director General for Operations.
At the same time, these blank book and lose-leaf metal parts and units were removed from the terms of the general steel conservation order, M-126, which would have prohibited fabrication of any parts except for the Army and Navy. The new order contains no exemption for orders from the armed services.
Certain styles of books and parts in which iron and steel is used must be eliminated entirely under the terms of the order. These include student note books, pocket memorandum books, zipper-bound ring books, compression-type ledger binders and certain other styles and specialty features considered non-essential.
COPPER CONTROL ORDERS ADJUSTED
Changes in the copper control orders, M-9-a and M-9-b, were announced August 3 by the Director General for Operations. ^
M-9-a as amended places all deliveries of copper under complete allocation by the Director General. Brass mills and wire mills are subject to the same restriction. Dealers supplying brass mill and wire mill products to the industry may make delivery only when the order bears the appropriate allocation classification and purchaser’s symbol and bears a* preference rating of A-l-k or higher.
The control of allocation of copper to foundries and ingot makers is transferred from M-9-a to M-9-b and some procedural changes are made. No new forms are called for by either order.
★ ★ ★
Mechanical bookbinding wire stocks may be used
Users of mechanical bookbinding wire are free to liquidate inventories of already processed and formed wire, George A. Renard, Chief of the printing and publishing branch explained August 3.
The steel conservation order, M-126, Mr. Renard pointed out, prohibits fabrication or assembly of mechanical bookbinding wire but does not interfere with use of inventories of already processed and formed wire.
In the case of wire on coils, reels or spools which has not been fabricated, inventories are frozen under the terms of the steel order.
In order to avoid misunderstanding, Mr. Renard explained that the inventories which may be liquidated include bookbinding wire which has been prefabricated into forms commonly identified in the industry as:
Aligno; Aligned Spiral; Coil; Cercla; Flex-o-Coil; Gee-Gee Wire Coil, twin loop and double loop; Kamket; Limited; Multo-O; No. 7 Patented Binding; Overwire; Parallex; Streamliner; Spiralastic; Swing-o-ring; Tubak and Tubak Rings; Tally-Ho; and Wire-O.
★ ★ ★
LEAD POOL DISCONTINUED
Because current lead production is in excess of demand, the monthly lead pool of 15 percent of each producer’s output set aside for WPB allocation was revoked August 3 by the Director General for Operations. The order revoked was M-38-j. The monthly pool may be restored at any time in the future when the need for it as an emergency supply arises.
Production halted on all orders for metal office furniture unless cleared by WPB
Manufacturers of metal office furniture were instructed by the WPB August 5 to work on no order—old or new, military or civilian—unless specific authorization is obtained from WPB.
This unusual type of control, designed to make sure that production of metal office furniture is held to minimum essential needs, was effected by a complete revision of Order L-13-a, issued August 5 by the Director General for Operations.
The original metal furniture order ended the production of most types of equipment on May 31, but permitted a limited output of some products for the armed, services, and on orders bearing high preference ratings.
Few exceptions permitted
Some exceptions to the new requirement are allowed in order to permit the completion by November 15 of orders for certain types of equipment accepted by manufacturers under terms of the old L-13-a, and to facilitate the production of specialized types of products required for military purposes.
All other orders will now have to obtain the specific “clearance” of WPB, and in the case of the armed services, the clearance also of Army and Navy Procurement Officials in Washington. Details of the clearance system are being worked out by the furniture branch and the armed services.
★ ★ ★
Stop-order issued on domestic space heaters except for war
The WPB August 5 issued Limitation Order L-173, cutting off further production of domestic space heaters calling for the use of fuel oil or gas, except to fill orders for the Army, Navy, Coast Guard, Maritime Commission, or War Shipping Administration.
Types of heaters affected
Types of heaters covered by the order are those designed to heat only the space in which they are located and which are not equipped with distribution pipes. Included are circulating heaters, radiant heaters, direct fired gas unit heaters, and floor and wall furnaces.
The order permits the production of replacement parts so that units now in operation can be kept serviceable.
12
★ VICTORY ★
August 11, 1942
Phthalate plasticizers put under complete control
Phthalate plasticizers, used in the manufacture of plastics, synthetic rubber, lacquers, and smokeless powders, were placed under complete allocation con-^ trol August 1 bv the Director General for Operations. •
Form PD-606 is provided for persons seeking delivery of phthalate plasticizers and Form PD-607 for monthly reports ■ by producers and distributors.
Deliveries to one user of five gallons or less of each type of phthalate plasticizers in a month are not restricted, nor are deliveries of 55 gallons of any one type or 110 gallons of different kinds to a single user.
The allocation system becomes effective September 1. Requests for September delivery must be filed with the WPB by August 15.
★ ★ ★
Freeze order on construction lumber clarified
Restrictions of the construction lumber freeze order (L-121) were not intended to cover specific, high quality thick stocks known, in the trade as '“Clears,’’ “Thick Finish,” etc. of' any species of softwood lumber in sizes 3 inch and thicker.
This was made clear by Interpretation No. 1 to L-121, issued August 4 by the Director General for Operations.
The interpretation also points out that boards and dimensions of the common grades specified in the order, which may also qualify as close grain or dense material, are frozen by the terms of the order. *
★ ★ ★
Soluble nitrocellulose put under WPB control
Control over the distribution of soluble nitrocellulose was ordered August 6 by the Director General for Operations.
Soluble nitrocellulose falls into four types, depending upon end use, lacquer type, coated textile type, film type and plastics type. The order, M-196, gives the Director General power to direct the amounts of each type that may be produced.
PRIORITY ACTIONS
♦From July 30
♦Through August 5
Subject Order No. Related form Issued Expira- Rating
tion date
Balsa: M-177-............ PD-423 8-3-42
a. Strict control on sale and use of balsa
wood. Freezes all consumer stocks
amounting to more than 100 board feet,
and prohibits use except for specific uses.
Cement, Portland:
a. WPB orders reduction to three in the
number of types of cement produced.
Chemicals:
a. Chlorate chemicals---permits stockpiling
of chemicals by large industrial users.
b. Chlorinated . hydrocarbon solvents---
doubles the quantity certain users may
consume between now and Sept. 30.
c. Chlorine in pulp, paper and paper-
board---removes restrictions on “bright-
ness ceilings” of 100 percent rag content
paper.
Cofiee:
a. Increases in coffee quotas beginning
August, in 204 counties in 42 States.
Cotton, combed yarns:
a. Manufacturers given extension to Nov. L-179............. 8-3-42
2, in which to begin earmarking parts of
production for use by armed services.
Copper: 8-1-42'
a. Places all deliveries of copper under com-
plete allocation control by Director Gen- M-171 (amend. 1).
eral. M-41 (amend. 1).. 8-1-42 B-2.
b. Control of allocation of copper to foun-
dries and ingot makers transferred from
M-9-a to M-9-b. L-ll (amend. 2) . 8-1-42
c. Addition of number of items to “Military
Exemption list” in which copper is not
limited when ordered by Government M-135-c ______ 7-30-42
agencies.
Elevators: --
a. Amendment excepting hand elevator 8-8-42
from provisions of Order L-89. Makes M-155 (amend. 1).
it clear, that electro-hydraulic elevators M-9-a (as amend.
are excepted from limitations of the order. 8-1-42). 8-1-42 A-l-k.
b Revocation of Preference Rating Order M-9-b (as amend.
.P-72, and amendments. 8-3-42).
Furniture (metal office) : M-9-c (as amend. 8-3-42
a. Prohibits manufacturers from working 5-7-42) (amend.
on any order---including Armed Services--- 4).
unless order has specific authorization. 7-29-42
General inventory order (inventory restric-
tion exceptions) :
a. Caustic soda and soda ash added to 7-31-42
Schedule A of Order M-161, which re-
moves them from the inventory restric-
tions of priority regulation 1. P-72 (revoked)___ 8-1-42
Hand tools simplification: A-2.
a. Errors in tabular material attached to
order corrected. PD-423: 500 8-5-42
Heat exchangers:
a. Complete allocation control on heat ex-
changers. 8-3-42
Jute and jute products: L-13-a (as amend.
a. Defense Supplies Corporation made sole 8-5-42).
purchasing agent for all raw jute imported. M-161 (amend. 4). 8-4-42
Kitchen, household and other miscellaneous L-157 (amend. 1
articles: to appendix A
a. Restrictions on use of iron, steel, and zinc to Schedule 1). \
in manufacturing extended to Aug. 15, L-172............. PD-615: 615A. 8-5-42
1942.
Lawn mowers:
a. Manufacture of gang mowers for Army, PD-615B.
Navy, Maritime Commission, and Lend- PD-222. A. B. 7-31-42 A-2.
Lease may be resumed on a restricted M-70 (as amend. C, PD- -319.
basis. 7-31-42).
Lead: L-80 (amend. 5)__ 7-31-42
a. Monthly lead pool Order M-38---j re-
voked because current lead production is
in excess of demand. L-67 (amend. 2).. 8-1-42
Loose-leaf metal parts and units:
a. Amount of iron and steel limited to 30
percent of 1941 consumption in use for
blank books, loose-leaf books, binders
and covers.
Lumber, construction: 8-3-42
a. Restrictions not intended to cover spe-
cific stocks known in trade as “Clears,” M-38-j (revoked).
“Thick Finish,” etc., of any species of L-188 ........... PD-500. 1--------- 8-3-42
softwood lumber in sizes three inches and
thicker.
Material entering into the production of re- 8-4-42
placement parts for passenger automo- L-121 (as amend.
bile, light, medium, and heavy motor 7-10-42) (Int.l).
truck,truck trailers, passenger carriers and L-158 (amend. 1)..
ofl-the-highway motor vehicles:
a. Authorizes producers to schedule produc-
tion of essential replacement parts ahead 8-1-42 A-l-a.
August 11, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
13
Subject Order No. Related form Issued Expira- Rating
tion date
Mercury:
a. Makes several additions to both per-
mitted and prohibited uses of mercury.
Reduces amount which may be used in
production of cosmetics from 80 percent to
30 percent of amount used during base
period.
Meters, domestic watt-hour:
a. Complete allocation control placed on
household electric meters. Manufactur-
ing of meters prohibited after Sept. 26,
1942.
Office machinery:
a. Manufacture of typewriters ordered PD-423.........
stopped on Oct. 31, except for Woodstock PD-606; 607.....
Co. who' will manufacture for Govern-
ment agencies.
Paper (standardization,and simplication of):
a. Adds a weight classification to the specifi-
cations for chemical wood pulp mimeo- M-78 (as amend.
graph paper. 8-5-42).
Phthalate plasticizers: L-151.............
a. Effective Sept. 1, complete allocation L-54-a (as amend. 8-5-42
control placed on phthalate plasticizers. 8-4-42). 7-31-42
To conserve, supply, and direct distribu- L-120 (amend. 1 8-4-42
tion. to Schedule III). 8-5-42
Razors and razor blades: M-203_____________ 8-1-42
a. Existing limitations of order extended in L-72 (amend. 2)... 8-4-42
effect for period from Aug. 1 to Sept. 30.
Rubber and balata and products and mate-
rials of which rubber or balata is a com-
ponent:
a. WPB restricts use of rubber cements and
adhesives in a specific list of articles.
b. Regrooving of tires without prior written
approval prohibited.
c. Prohibits use of tire friction scrap in all
heels and soles, whether for civilian use,
or for the Army or Navy. Limited
amount permitted for Marine Corps use
until Oct. 1.
d. Changes wording of specifications gov-
erning manufacturing of feeding nipples
to permit production of types necessary
for feeding of lambs. Until re-
e. Chlorinated rubber. Three changes voked.
made in order. Prohibits use in manu-
facturing of electrical insulation, permits
use in manufacturing of core binder
cement, and extends order indefinitely.
:. Rubber yarn and elastic thread.
Amended to restrict use of rubber thread M-15-f.___________
in foundation garments designated as M-15-b (amend.
surgical garments. 12).
g. Rubber sealed closures for glass con- M-15-b-l (amends 7-31-42
tainers. Manufacturer whose business is H). 8-3-42
packing those products for which rubber- M-15-b-l (amend 8-5-42
sealed closures were barred by M-I19 is 12). 8-3-42
permitted to use inventories of such clo- M-46 (amend. 2).. 8-1-42
sures which were manufactured by April 19. M-124 (amend. 5). 7-30-42
Shearlings and other wool skins: M-119 (amend. 1). 8-5-42
a. Provides that shearlings (other than M-94 (as amend. PD-421......... 7-30-12,
grade 4) may be processed and sold only 7-30-42).
to fill orders placed by Army Air Forces. M-106 (as amend.
Shellac:
a. All shellac, except for certain specified PD-617______ 7-31-42
uses, placed under complete allocation 7-31-42).
control. L-173.............
Space heaters, domestic oil and gas burning: L-49 (as amend.
a. WPB cuts off further production of
domestic space heaters calling for use of ..........
fuel oil or gas, except for Government
. agencies.
Springs and mattresses, beds: 8-5-42
a. Production of mattresses ordered PD-500......... 8-4-42
stopped on Sept. 1, and of studio couches, 8-4-42).
sofa beds, and lounges on Nov. 1, if con- M-126 (amend. 4)
taining any iron or steel. (as amend. 7-
Steel and iron conservation: 13-42).
a. War Shipping Administration added to M-lll-d..„......
list of Government agencies exempted M-43-a (as amend.
from restrictions of order M-126; New 6-5-42) (Amend.
“Military Exemption List” issued. 1). 8-3-42
Tea: E-l-b (Int. 3)..... 7-30-42
a. Increases in tea quotas beginning Au- 8-3-42
gust, in 204 countiesin 42 States. 7-30-42
Tin:
a. Production and use of wiping solder hav-
ing tin content up to 38 percent may be
continued until Sept. 1, forall purposes.
Tools, machine (production and delivery of):
a. Interpretation issued in regard to de-
livery date of tools as affected by Priority
Regulation 12.
Ethyl alcohol use adjusted
A decrease in the amount of ethyl alcohol that may be used in the manufacture of shoe polish and an increase in
the amount to be used for vinegar Were made August 8 by the Director General for Operations.
Cotton mills have until
Nov. 2 to begin earmarking yarn for military
Manufacturers of combed cotton yarns have until November 2, 1942, in which to begin earmarking large parts of their production for use by the Armed Services, under Amendment No. 1 to M-155 issued August 3.
The textile branch of WPB explained that the extension was granted to give mills that do not have Government contracts more time in which to obtain them. Mills already having Government contracts for the earmarked quantity of combed yarn are not affected by the amendment, since they are required to fill the contracts regardless.
The amendment does not change the percentages of combed yarn to be earmarked for the armed forces. They remain at 40 percent of a mill’s production of medium combed yarn and 65 percent of coarse combed yarn, both effective November 2.
★ ★ ★
Aluminum user suspended on charge of violations
On grounds of violations of aluminum conservation orders, involving the manufacture of some $300,000 worth of civilian merchandise from this critical material. Aluminum Products Co., La Grange, Ill., is denied the right to deal in or fabricate aluminum for a period of 6 months, it was announced August 1 by the Director General for Operations.
Suspension Order S-70, effective immediately, charges Aluminum Products with unauthorized uses of aluminum in the manufacture of kitchen utensils and other specialty products during the period from July 1,1941, to April 9,1942, including uses for which authorization had been sought by the company and specifically denied by WPB.
★ ★ ★
Surplus of carbon tetrachloride eases restrictions on use
A temporary surplus of carbon tetrachloride for which storage facilities are inadequate resulted August 1 in easing of restrictions on its use. The Director General for Operations issued Amendment No. 1 to Order M-41, which doubles the quantity certain users may consume between now and September 30.
14
★ VICTORY ★
August 11, 1942
Men’s work clothing simplified to save cloth, thread, buttons
Men’s work clothing will have fewer pockets, fewer buttons and buckles, and no unnecessary yardage as a result of an order, L-181, issued August 8 by the WPB, effective August 15.
The order does not interfere with quality, freedom of action, or the utility of . the garment.
The following work clothes are covered by the order: waistband overalls or dungarees, bib-overalls, overall jumpers or coats, one-piece work suits, work pants, and work shirts.
The work clothing unit of the textile, clothing and leather branch of WPB estimates that the order will result in an annual saving of: (a) approximately 21,000,000 yards of cloth; (b) 125,000,000 yards of thread; (c) approximately 150,-000,000 buttons and 12,000,000 buckles; (d) 29 percent of the normal shipping space involved in the shipping of work shirts, since the order prohibits the shipping of work shirts in boxes.
The following restrictions apply to all of the types of garments covered by the order:
1. False or more than double stitching is prohibited.
2. Pockets or waistbands may not be made from drills, twills or jeans heavier than four yards to the pound for 39-inch width cloth, except for such materials already in inventory prior to August 15.
3. Pockets may not have more than a single thickness.
Additional restrictions, among others, limit the number of pockets and fasteners a garment may have, and the yardage to go into the garment. Provision is made for an abnormally large man who requires special size garments.
★ ★ ★
Uniform maker penalized for alleged violations
Following violation of War Production Board regulations, Rubin Pizer, of Malden, Mass., who does business as the Middlesex Naval Uniform Co., is denied all priority assistance in the acquisition of scarce materials for a period of 6 months, it was announced August 7 by the Director General for Operations.
Charged against Mr. Pizer in the order announced is the misuse of the preference rating assigned by Conservation Order M-73 to deliveries of cloth for the manufacture of officers’ uniforms.
MOTOR PARTS
OUTPUT SPED
In a move to expedite production of replacement parts to'keep the country’s motorized equipment in good running order for the duration of the war, the WPB has ruled that producers may schedule production of replacement parts without regard to purchase orders or contracts placed with them for other material on ratings lower than A-l-a (Amendment No. 1 to Limitation Order L-158).
★ ★ ★
Importing of sheep shearlings restricted after August 17
Under General Imports Order M-63 and Supplementary Order M-63-b, the importing of sheep shearlings will be restricted after 12:01 A. M., August 17, 1942.
Applications for authorizations to import sheep shearlings will be received by the WPB after that date. Such applications should be filed on Form PD-222-c and a separate form should be filed for goods to be purchased in each country of origin.
★ ★ ★
Clothing industry to use up fabricated copper jewelry
The clothing manufacturing industry will be permitted to affix to. clothing, copper and copper-plated insignia and costume jewelry already fabricated, the Director General for Operations an-nounced August 7 in a revision of the copper conservation order, M-9-c.
Other changes in M-9-c made by Amendment No. 5 are:
A new list, A-2, is added to the order which stops the manufacture of household gas stoves if their valves contain more than % ounce copper base alloy and their controls 1% ounces, effective August 7, and the manufacture of all lanterns and lantern parts out of copper on September 7.
' Copper bushings, bearings, nuts, bolts, screws, washers and wire acquired before February 28, 1942, may be used to complete machinery not on List A or List A-l of the order, if they constitute less than 5 per cent of the total weight of the article. •
Provisions of the order relating to disposition of frozen inventory are repealed and such inventories are made subject to the provisions of Regulation 13.
Changes in the provision relating to repairs of used articles also are made and certain changes are made in the definitions of articles on List A, largely to permit necessary uses of copper to conduct electricity.
Farm machine parts makers get leeway in use of quotas
Producers of attachments and repair parts for farm equipment were authorized August 6 by the Director General for Operations to distribute materials between groups established under Limitation Order L-26, as Amended, provided they do not exceed their over-all production quotas.
Amendment No. 1 to the amended order will give producers flexibility in the distribution of materials so that if the demand for attachments and parts in any group exceeds the quota now established, materials may be shifted from other groups where the demand is less than the quota. However, the over-all quota must be maintained.
★ ★ ★
Shipping Administration added to list for iron, steel items
The War Shipping Administration, August 4, was added to the list of Government agencies for which iron and steel may be used to manufacture articles prohibited for civilians and all others by Order M-126.
Other agencies on the Military Exemption List of the order are the Army, the Navy, and the Maritime Commission.
At the same time, the Director General for Operations issued, as an amendment to M-126, a revised Military Exemption List. Articles on this list may be manufactured without restriction under contracts with these war agencies.
★ ★ ★
Packers may use small cans for tomato pulp or puree
Amendment of Order M-81 (covering cans made of tin plate dr terneplate) to permit the unlimited packing of tomato pulp or puree in small as well as large cans for the remainder of the season was announced- August 6 by the Director General for Operations.
x It was decided to return these products to their original status because canners had made extensive arrangements regarding machinery, cans, and labels to pack pulp and puree in the smaller cans.
Similar action was taken in the case of tomato sauce, with the exception of certain types of short cans which may still be produced only in limited quantities.
August 11, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
15
More leather made available for new civilian shoes, repairs
More leather for civilian shoes is made available by an amendment to Conservation Order M-114, issued August 7 by the Director General for Operations.
Under the amendment, only goatskins that can be processed into more than 6% square feet of leather need be set aside for the Military Services. It has been found that skins of 7 square feet and larger are more desirable for military use.
The amount of raw goatskins, raw kid-skins, and raw cabretta skins that may be put into process by any tanner is continued through October at 70 percent of the average monthly processing of skins in 1941.
Tanners are no longer required to hold goatskins, kidskins, or cabretta skins suitable for military requirements in hair until an actual military order is received. The August 7 amendment revokes this provision in the original order to prevent the diversion of military orders to other leathers.
More sole leather is also made available for the repair of civilian shoes by an amendment to Conservation Order M-80 announced August 6 by the Director General for Operations.
★ ★ ★
Prices adjusted on coal trucked to beehive ovens
Adjustment of the maximum price of bituminous coal shipped from Western Pennsylvania deep mines by truck to beehive coke ovens for conversion into metallurgical coke was announced August 8, by the OPA.
A special minimum price of $2.00 per net ton f. o. b. the mine has been established by the Bituminous Coal Division for sales of all sizes of bituminous coals trucked from Western Pennsylvania mines to beehive ovens.
Because of the necessity of assuring a steady supply of bituminous coal to the more than 4,500 beehive coke ovens now operating in Western Pennsylvania, as well as the fact that present maximum prices for truck shipments to beehive ovens are below costs of production of many of the deep mines in this area, the OPA has adjusted the maximum price for these mines to conform to the price ceiling on bituminous for shipments by truck or wagon to other users.
This action was contained in Amendment No. 14 to Maximum Price Regulation No. 120 and becomes effective August 14.
V.83
MILITARY NEED of leather is depicted in this “FOTOFACT.” Two-column mats may be had for reproduction. Please address requests to Distribution Section, Office of War Information, Washington, D. C. Refer to V-83
Hairpin order extended
The manufacture of hairpins and bobpins may be continued to September 15 at the same rate as has been in effect since April 25, under Amendment No. 1 to Order L-104, issued August 8. That rate is 50 percent of the rate of production of hairpins and bobpins, respectively, in 1941.
★ ★ ★
Molybdenum use restricted
Molybdenum may be melted only after approval of melting schedules as provided in Order M-21-a or by specific authorization, the Director General for Operations ruled August 8 in a revision of Order M-110.
U. S. agencies stock own coal against possible shortage
Federal Government departments in the Nation’s capital are building a 125,000-ton coal storage pile in addition to their regular maximum storage capacity as an emergency reserve for protection against possible fuel supply interruptions next winter, Solid Fuels Coordinator for War Harold L. Ickes said August 7.
Ickes urges storage
“If sufficient storage of coal is built up this summer, there will be much less likelihood of coal shortages next winter to interfere with the war effort and cause possible suffering,” Coordinator Ickes said.
16
★ VICTORY ★
August 11, 1942
Another 100 plants swell total organized for war production drives to 1.100
War production drive headquarters announced August 4 the addition of another 100 plants in which labor-management committees had organized War Production Drives. This makes a total of 1,100 plants in which committees have been recognized. This number does not include any of the mines in the Pennsylvania anthracite area where unions and operators are cooperating this week with the War Production Board to organize drives to increase production'in all mines.
Bethlehem Steel lists 27 plants
The new list of the 100 plants includes 27 plants of the Bethlehem Steel Co., Inc., making that corporation one of the largest multiple-plant organizations to participate in the War Production Drive. Also in the new list of 100 is the Great Falls (Montana) Reduction Department at the Anaconda Copper Mining Co.,
Critical metals in obsolete printing plates to be salvaged for war use
Critical metals now lying idle in obsolete printing plates will be channeled into war use by action August 5 of the Director General for Operations.
Order M-99 provides that, after October 1, owners of obsolete plates may not acquire any new metal for their own or anyone else’s account. Printers and publishers who obtain new metal must certify on their purchase orders that they do not have in their possession any obsolete plates.
Purpose of the order, it was explained by the printing and publishing branch of the' WPB, is to clean out existing stocks of old electros, cuts, stamping dies, zinc and aluminum litho plates and gravure cylinders. Stereotypes and standing type are not included in the order.
The order sets up these time limits for obsolescence:
Newspaper printing plates not used for 1 year; magazine and periodical printing plates not used for 1 year; book printing plates not used for 4 years; container printing plates not used for 4 years; and all other categories of printing plates not used for 2^ years.
Plates having an assured future use are excluded.
making a total of three plants in the mining section of the corporation.to participate in the drive. There are also 3 plants of the Bemis Brothers Bag Co., making a total of 12 of the war plants of this company to organize labor-management committees.
Committees work within general plan
In the 1,100 plants in which War Production Drives have been organized, voluntary labor-management committees are working to increase American production within the pattern of the plan suggested by War Production Drive headquarters. This plan includes the recognition of individual merit by labor management committees and by the War Production Board itself, the establishment of machinery for putting workers’ suggestions into operation, the organization of slogan contests, and the establishment of other means of increasing production.
Y-/02
Drawn for. Office of War Information
KID SALVAGE, a character drawn by Steig especially for OWI, appears in VICTORY each week. Mats, in two-column size, are available for ‘publication. Requests to be put on the mailing list should be addressed to Distribution Section, Office of War Information, Washington, D. C. When requesting individual mats, please refer to V number.
16 more men win awards for production suggestions
Sixteen more awards of individual production merit have been made by labormanagement committees to men whose suggestions have speeded the war production lines, reports to War Production Drive Headquarters disclosed August 7.
The award of individual production merit is the first of three awards to individuals provided by the War Production Drive. It may be given by labormanagement committees within each plant. The second and third awards are the citation of individual production merit.
The new winners of the award of individual production merit and the suggestions that won for them the honor follow:
Joseph Weiss, of the Federal Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., Kearny, N. J., for a suggestion involving the use of magnets for holding down stiffeners to ships’ bulkheads, decks, etc., while tack welding. Weiss’s suggestion saves 50 percent of the time required for the tack welding operation, which plays % great part in ship-building assembly work.
Theodore Hamby, of the same company, for a suggestion involving the use of adjustable dies for making pipe hangers in a hydraulic press. He designed a new type of die which will form six pipe hangers instead of one* in one operation. *
Hugh Hughes and William Horsbach of the same company, for joint experiments which led to new methods of reconditioning discarded drills.
William Marshall, of the same company, for constructing from scrap materials a machine to weave rope sword mats, which act as supports to lifeboats on destroyers. This machine enables four men to weave the amount of matting in one day that required 13 days to weave before.
Julius A. Kemensky, and William Leath, of the same company, for suggesting a holder of stanchions for use while welding them to decks, making possible an increase of production of stringer angles.
Otto Schlagel, of the Cleveland (Ohio) Automatic Machines Co., for a suggestion revolutionizing the processing of parts that have graduations on them. The idea transforms the graduation of dials from a slow and tedious hand indexed milling operation to one that can be done on a lathe or an automatic with a knurl.
J. G. Heiman and C. A. Westmoreland, of the Curtiss-Wright Corporation, Airplane Division, St. Louis, for a suggestion that bins be placed on single dollies so that parts would accompany the assembly, thus eliminating excessive stock chasing. This suggestion is saving 360 man hours a week.
H. I. Ruth, of the same company, for suggesting an arrangement of racks which increased efficiency and speeded production.
B. E. Stewart, of the same company, for introducing masonite in the construction of gigs in connection with an Erco riveter.
H. D. Odell, of the International Business Machines Corporation,- Endicott, N. Y., for suggesting tools which provided a better way of doing his job.
G. W. Yoder, of the same company, for a similar suggestion.
G. M. Tiffany, for a suggestion resulting in a considerable saving in needed material.
H. R. Stewart, of the same company, for a similar suggestion.
August 11, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
17
ONE FACTORY, ONE UNION, ONE GUARD
Scrapping of mine equipment under investigation
Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes, August 5, announced that he had instructed all field engineers of the Bureau of Mines to prevent, if possible, the scrapping of usable second-hand mining equipment in the current salvage drive.
Reports have reached his office, he said, that valuable and nonreplacable mining machinery in workable or repairable condition was being picked up and destroyed for scrap in the salvage drive.
This cartoon was drawn especially for VICTORY by Dr. Seuss. Engravings may be direct from this reproduction, or three-column mats will be furnished on application to Distribution Section, Office of War Information, Washington, D. C. Refer to V-105.
Use of iron, steel curbed in making wood furniture
Production of wood upholstered furniture containing any iron or steel other than joining hardware has been prohibited by the WPB, effective on November 1. This restriction is embodied in Limitation Order L-135.
Foundries entitled to copper deliveries must show proof
Copper Order M-9-b was amended by the Director General for Operations August 7 to require proof from foundries and ingot makers that they are entitled to receive delivery of refined copper, alloy ingots, or copper scrap.
The amendments provide that foundries and ingot makers authorized to receive deliveries of refined copper must surrender their allocation certificates to dealers at the time orders are placed. If an order is placed with a refiner, the refiner must endorse the certificate specifying the amount of refined copper he will deliver.
18
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August 11, 1942
DSC to buy all raw jute imports after September 1
The Defense Supplies Corporation will be sole purchasing agent for all raw jute imported Into this country after September 1, under Conservation Order M-70 as amended, announced August 1.
Only such jute as is rejected by DSC, because of damage in shipment, may be sold by importers to processors for civilian use.
The amended order continues in effect the provision in Amendment No. 3, issued April 30, 1942, restricting the use of jute imported after that date to defense orders.
Other changes
Other changes made by the amended order are:
1. No jute may be used for carpet yarn unless such yarn is to be used for orders for carpets placed by the Army, Navy, or Maritime Commission requiring jute yarn.
2. Jute twine may be made without restriction to fill defense orders, orders placed by Government departments or agencies, and for agricultural purposes.
8. The manufacture of miscellaneous yarns to fill orders placed by the Army, Navy, or Maritime Commission is now permitted.
4. Other civilian and defense uses permitted under the previous orders are continued.
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Large pulp transportation saving predicted for August
The pulp and paper branch announced August 3 that as the.result of a survey of a large segment of the pulp and paper industry, steps have been taken to bring about a transportation saving during August of an estimated 100,000 car-miles through elimination of cross-hauling of wood pulp.
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Appliance company penalized on nickel violation charge
The International Appliance Corporation, Brooklyn, N. Y., is denied all priority assistance for a period of 2 months, by the terms of Suspension Order S-71 announced August 6 by the Director General for Operations. Charged against the company is the illegal use of critically needed nickel in plating electric broilers for nonessential purposes.
ARMY TO ORDER WOOL CLOTH NOW
The Army will place orders in the near future for large quantities of wool cloth which will use the bulk of the domestic wool clip now available, it was announced jointly August 5 by the WPB and the War Department.
The program just worked out with the War Department means that domestic wool growers are assured of a fair price and a stable market for their wool.
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Companies outside continental U. S. excused from PRP
Mandatory use of the production requirements plan by companies located outside continental United States which would otherwise be required to apply under PRP for the fourth quarter of 1942 has been rescinded until further notice by Amendment No. 1 to Exemption No. 1 of Priorities Regulation No. 11, announced August 6 by the Director General for Operations.
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Government buying of manila cordage exempt from GMPR
In order to aid a Government war program calling for the purchase of an estimated 10,000,000 pounds of manila rope and cable held by approximately 6,000 wholesalers and 44,000 retailers throughout the country, the OPA August 4 ex-empted specified Government transactions in manila cordage from the provisions of the general maximum price regulation.
Under a plan approved by the WPB, The Metals Reserve Company—a Government agency—has been authorized to purchase stocks of cordage frozen by WPB’s General Preference Order M-36.
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CORRECTION
An OPA news release reprinted in Victory July 21 referred to Baldwin Bros., Erie, Pa., as “realtors.” The word was repeated in the headline. Realtor is defined by the dictionary as “a real-estate broker who is an active member of the National Association of Real Estate Boards.” According to the secretary of the Beal Estate Board of Erie, Baldwin Bros, are not listed as members. y
Scientists propose new process for alumina production
Production of alumina, raw material from which aluminum is made, from low grade domestic bauxite and from clay, heretofore little used for aluminum metal, was recommended to the WPB August 3 by the advisory committee on metals and minerals of the National Academy of Sciences.
Less bauxite will be needed
Use of a proposed new process by the alumina plants in the country will make it possible to include a substantial quantity of clay with the bauxite feed, so that less bauxite will be needed and the limited domestic reserves conserved.
The committee reported on the results -of a year’s study of possible new sources of alumina from clay, tailings, high-silica bauxite, alunite, kaolin clay and the like, made at the request of WPB.
Continuation and expansion of the current pilot plant operations around the country, such as those being operated by the Bureau of Mines and by Kalunite, Inc., in Utah, are urged.
Finally, the committee said, “because the best raw material for the production of aluminum is bauxite, it is suggested that the prospecting program for the discovery of new domestic deposits be prosecuted vigorously and that the known domestic deposits be appraised as to grade, tonnage and minability.”
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FIFTEEN city jail inmates were loaned to the Tulsa (Okla.) salvage committee recently to sort scrap. No escapes.
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145,000 licensed workers told how to handle explosives
Rigid instructions regarding the storage, handling, and transportation of explosives by the more than 145,000 persons licensed under the Federal Explosives Act were issued August 5 by Secretary of the Interior Ickes for the twofold purpose of preventing sabotage through use of explosives, and preventing disasters involving explosives, particularly in coal and metal mines and quarries, on construction jobs, and on other projects participating in the war program.
Anyone violating the instructions may have his Federal license revoked, be refused a renewal of his license or may be prosecuted under the act and thus be subject to a fine of not more than $5,000 or imprisonment for not more than one year or both fine and imprisonment.
August 11, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
19
Nation-wide survey to be made of used construction machinery
A Nation-wide inventory of used construction machinery to make it available for war production was announced August 5 by the WPB.
The survey will be carried out by the used construction machinery section of the construction machinery branch. H. O. Penn is chief of the section.
Will be kept up to date
A construction machinery specialist will be appointed for each of the WPB regional offices and will be in charge of the inventory in that region. Inventory cards will be mailed to each owner of such equipment for a complete listing. Information sought will be the kind, type, size, condition, manufacturer, serial number, model number, year manufactured, year purchased, type of power, attachments, estimated cost of repairs, sales price (as is) and other pertinent data for each piece of equipment owned.
A complete inventory of available equipment will be kept up to date at each regional office for the information of the Army, Navy, governmental agencies and private contractors engaged in war work.
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Typewriter production to cease October 31, except few for war
Manufacture of typewriters will be stopped completely on October 31, except for a relatively small number to be produced for Government agencies by the Woodstock Typewriter Co., under the terms of an order, L-54-a as amended, Issued August 4 by the Director General for Operations.
Under complete allocation control
The sizes, kinds, and types of typewriters to be produced by the Woodstock Co. will be subject to orders which may be issued from time to time by the Director General for Operations in order to meet special needs of the armed services.
The amended order continues in effect complete allocation control over new typewriters, all of which are reserved for the Army, Navy, and Maritime Commission. The major companies are assigned a quota of sets of parts for export which may be produced up to October 31 on the same percentage basis as their production of new nonportable typewriters.
CHLORINATED RUBBER ORDER MODIFIED
Three changes in the chlorinated rubber order, M-46, were made August 1 by the Director General for Operations.
The first removes permission to use chlorinated rubber in the manufacture of electrical insulation. Substitutes are available.
The second permits the use of chlorinated rubber in the manufacture of core binder cement for use in casting equipment made for the Armed Services.
The third continues the order in effect until revoked. It had been due to expire on July 31.
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WPB amends order governing agave fiber
General Preference Order M-84 governing agave fiber was amended August 6 as follows:
1. The uses for which agave fiber may be processed have been narrowed.
2. The total amount of agave fiber which may be processed into cordage is now limited. Previously there was no restriction on cordage.
3. Of the agave fibers, only bagasse waste may be used in manufacturing padding or stuffing, except that tow, waste and fiber less than 20 inches long may be used on orders for the Army, Navy, Maritime Commission or the War Shipping Administration.
4. Processors manufacturing reinforced paper, tape and plastics may use any agave fibers except java sisalana and java cantala, up to 50 percent of the fiber content of their average monthly sales of such products for the 12 months ended June 30, 1942.
5. Agave tow, waste and fiber less than 20 inches in length may be used without restrictions by processors in the manufacture of wrapping twine, binder twine, cordage, reinforced paper, tape, and plastics.
6. No importer may sell or deliver more agave cordage in any month than his average monthly sales of manila and agave cordage during the period from January 1, 1939, to December 31, 1941. His monthly sale or delivery of wrapping twine, imported or domestic, is limited to not more than 40 percent of his average monthly sale or delivery of wrapping twine during the period from January 1, 1939, to December 31, 1941.
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Industrial users allowed to stock chlorate chemicals
A provision that will permit stockpiling of chlorate chemicals by large industrial users was added to the chlorate chemicals order, M-171, August 1, by the Director General for Operations.
Under the new provision, present inventories may be frozen and month by month consumption met by allocation.
Most Balsa wood stocks frozen for military use
Strict control on the sale and use of Balsa wood, a highly important material in the manufacture of buoyant lifesaving apparatus and military aircraft, was put into effect August 3 by the WPB.
A new order, M-177, freezes all consumer stocks of Balsa wood amounting to more than 100 board feet, and prohibits its use except for specific types of lifesaving, aircraft, and technical apparatus to be delivered to Government agencies or for Lend-Lease purposes.
Officials of the lumber and lumber products branch said that types of Balsa wood frozen by the order which do not meet military requirements Will be released for civilian purposes.
Notwithstanding the terms of the order, any Balsa wood actually in transit August 3 may be delivered to its immediate destination and used without restriction.
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WPB revokes 2 orders affecting elevator production, repairs
Because adequate priorities assistance is available under the Production Requirements Plan, Preference Rating Order P-72, as amended, arid Preference Rating Order P-91, extending preference ratings for materials going into the production, repair and maintenance of elevators, escalators and dumbwaiters have been revoked.
The orders are no longer necessary inasmuch as the industry is operating under PRP.
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Curb extended on production of safety razors, blades
Existing limitations on the production of safety razors and razor blades are continued in effect from August 1 to September 30 by Amendment No. 2 to General Limitation Order L-72, issued August 4 by the Director General for Operations.
The amendment provides for production of safety razors at 70 percent of each manufacturer’s average rate of production in 1940, and of blades at 100 percent of the 1940 rate. ^
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★ VICTORY ★
August 11, 1942
PRICE ADMINISTRATION ...
60-day ceiling on wholesale, retail lamb set at late July prices to bar sharp rise
Following are some of the details of the 60-day temporary ceiling placed on lamb at wholesale and retail sales levels, as announced by the OPA on August 1.
The action was taken to prevent a sudden, sharp advance in retail lamb prices, and completed OPA’s price control over every major meat item other than poultry in the American diet.
Temporary Maximum Price Regulation No. 20 (Lamb Carcasses and Wholesale and Retail Cuts) sets the wholesale and retail ceiling at the highest price charged by each seller, to purchasers of the same class, during the period July 27 to 31, 1942.
First move to control Iamb prices
In the event that a merchandiser did not sell a particular cut during the base period, his ceiling will be that of his most closely competitive seller.
The lamb regulation follows the familiar pattern of the general maximum price regulation in requiring continuation of customary discounts and differentials.
This is the first move taken by OPA toward controlling lamb prices. Both lamb and mutton were excluded from the March ceiling provisions of the general maximum price regulation because at that time prices of these meats did not reflect to the raiser the highest of the four alternatives necessary as a prelude to establishment of ceilings on agricultural commodities under Section 3 of the Price Control Act.
Mr. Henderson emphasized that the new regulation is purely a temporary measure to prevent a dangerous situation from developing, while plans for a permanent ceiling are being perfected. It will terminate October 8.
Exemptions from regulation
The regulation represents a departure from OPA’s previous procedure in setting price ceilings on meats in that the control is imposed at the retail, as well as the wholesale, packer and slaughterer level.
Lamb price control is centered only on the slaughtered product. It does not cover the live animals. Furthermore, farmer sales of dressed lamb also are exempt from the regulation, providing
that such sales or deliveries, together with sales or deliveries of all other commodities grown and processed, do not top $75 in any one calendar month. Sales of lamb by hotels, restaurants, cafes, or other similar establishments for consumption on the premises also will be excepted from provisions of the lamb regulation.
Deliveries may be made to the Army and Navy and to the Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation after the effective date of the regulation at prices fixed in a contract made before that date.
All persons not excepted from the regulation must preserve very complete records for OPA examination.
The regulation indicates that no seller shall change his allowance, discounts, or other price differentials normally prevailing during 1941 unless such change results in a lower price.
Furthermore, no seller shall require any purchaser—nor shall a purchaser be permitted—to pay a larger proportion of transportation costs incurred in the delivery or supply of any commodity or service than was required of buyers by the seller during the July 20 to 31, 1942, base period.
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Temporary regulations on out-of-line prices extended
The life of two temporary regulations governing the procedure for adjustment of certain abnormal maximum prices has been extended from August 1 to September 1 in order to provide adequate time for drafting and issuing permanent procedural regulations.
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United Grocery Co. granted relief on 158 commodities
Price Administrator Henderson granted relief to the United Grocery Co. of Irvington, New Jersey, on 158 commodities varying from anchovies to White Eagle Chips.
Dealers violating price rules may have license revoked
Compliance with all applicable price^ regulations is required by licenses granted by the OPA to wholesalers and retailers selling commodities or services for which OPA has established ceilings. Price Administrator Henderson emphasized August 4.
Amendment No. 2 to the general maximum price regulation, issued August 4, makes this plain by expressly incorporating in the license granted to wholesalers and retailers the provisions of all maximum price regulations to which these sellers are subject.
Applies to scrap dealers, too
Violation by a wholesaler or retailer of any maximum price regulation is thus made a violation of the provisions of his license and subjects him to proceedings for the suspension of his license, as provided in the Emergency Price Control Act.
At the same time, Amendment No. 1 to Supplementary Order No. 5 (licensing scrap dealers) was issued, likewise making clear that compliance with all maximum price regulations listed in the order is a condition of the license granted to dealers in scrap,, waste and salvage materials.
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OPA warns fish packers not to expect price increases
Packers of frozen, pickled, smoked, salt, and canned fish—buying their halibut and salmon at exorbitantly high prices in mistaken anticipation of a 15 percent Increase shortly in the OPA’s ceiling on the processed article—are in for a rude disappointment, Price Administrator Leon Henderson warned August 4.
Processed fish policy
OPA’s policy on all processed fish is firmly represented by Mr. Henderson to be as follows:
1. There will be no increase in the present March 1942 ceilings on processed fish.
2. The ceiling on processed fish will continue for the length of the general maximum price regulation under which it is covered. It will not terminate within 60 days, as some trade rumors have suggested—possibly the wish being father to the thought.
3. Individual applications of fish processors for relief, on grounds that they have incurred losses through sales at the March ceilings because of higher r^w material costs, will be rejected by OPA.
August 11, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
21
Temporary ceilings set on barge coa] shipments to East, Government to absorb rise
♦
In two separate actions, Price Administrator Henderson issued August 1 a temporary schedule of maximum rates for barge shipments of coal to New York and New England, and simultaneously readjusted existing machinery so as to enable the Federal Government to absorb any resulting increase in shipping charges.
Both actions were designed to keep barge transportation operating at capacity and to prevent the higher cost of moving bituminous coal into New England under wartime conditions from breaching OPA price ceilings for the important industrial products produced in that area.
Recognizing higher transportation costs caused by war and submarine activity, Mr. Henderson ordered into effect a schedule of uniform maximum charges for East Coast barge movements beginning between August 3 and October 2. This schedule was recommended by ODT Director Eastman, for tentative use, subject to revision later.
Government to meet increased costs
The schedule is contained in Amendment 4 to Supplementary Regulation 14 and, for the movements covered, takes the place of the general maximum price regulation, which otherwise would have placed a ceiling on barge charges at the highest levels of each transportation company last March.
. By Amendment 2 to Compensatory Adjustment Regulation No. 1, Mr. Henderson at the same time rearranged the machinery provided in that regulation by which the Government meets increased transportation costs resulting from wartime dislocation-of waterborne shipments of coal along the East Coast/, so as to take account of the new barge rates and permit the absorptions to be based on such rates.
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Carriers may ship under-carload lots for Army on maneuvers
The ODT August 8 issued a general permit ODT No. 1-2 effective immediately, allowing rail carriers to accept less-than-carload freight shipments for the armed forces on maneuvers without regard to the provisions of General Order ODT No. i.
LOADING CEILINGS POSTPONED
At the request of the War and Navy Departments, the OPA, August 1, extended until September 1 the date on which OPA ceilings apply to charges for stevedoring and car loading and unloading when performed under a contract with any war procurement agency.
The postponement, contained in Amendment 4 to Supplementary Regulation No. 11, will provide additional time for working out problems having a direct bearing on transportation of war materials.
Charges for stevedoring and car loading and unloading performed other than for a war procurement agency must conform, beginning August 1, with ceilings established by OPA price regulations at levels of last March. Where such services are performed by common carrier operating in their capacity as such, the limitations of the price regulations do not apply.
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Gasoline prices reduced along eastern seaboard area
Maximum gasoline prices along the eastern seaboard were reduced 2^ cents a gallon August 5, Price Administrator Henderson has announced.
Other products affected
Simultaneously, reductions of nine-tenths cent per gallon for kerosene, 1.1 cents a gallon on distillates and light heating oils, and 15 cents per barrel on residual fuel oils were made.
These reductions were made possible under an arrangement recently completed between the OPA, the Office of Petroleum Coordinator, and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, whereby beginning August 1 the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, through the Defense Supplies Corporation, an RFC subsidiary, was to absorb the abnormal transportation costs involved in moving petroleum products from the Gulf Coast and inland points to the Atlantic Seaboard.
The withdrawal of part of the price increases for sales of petroleum products on the eastern seaboard at retail levels is effected by Amendment to Maximum Price Regulation No. 137, Petroleum Products Sold at Retail and at other stages of distribution by amendment to Revised Price Schedule No. 88, Petroleum and Petroleum Products.
Buyer bound by petroleum prices set by predecessor in business
Buyers of a business involving petroleum or petroleum products must conform to the maximum prices established by the former owner, the OPA announced August 6.
In some instances, Revised Price Schedule No. 88, which governs the price of petroleum and such products as gasoline, kerosene, fuel oils, etc., provides that the individual’s ceiling price for a product is the price at which he sold “a substantial quantity” in the sixty days prior to October 15, 1941. By the new ruling, contained in Amendment No. 28 to the regulation, maximum prices established by this method are also the maximum prices for buyers or transferees of the business.
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Ceilings on petroleum products clarified
Relationship of prices charged for petroleum products under contract deliveries last fall to the maximum prices which may be charged by sellers to purchasers 'of the same general class under Revised Price Schedule No. 88 (Petroleum and Petroleum Products) was defined in an interpretation released August 3 by the OPA.
The regulation provides that the maximum price for petroleum products is the lowest price quoted in certain trade pub- , lications on October 1, 1941. However, when it is not possible to determine the ceiling price by this method, the regulation provides, in effect, that the maximum is the price charged by the individual seller on the last sale of a particular product during the 60 days prior to October 15, 1941.
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Contracts for 26 wooden barges let to 3 Pacific Coast firms
Contracts for the construction of 26 wooden barges have been awarded to 3 shipbuilding companies on the Pacific Coast, the Maritime Commission announced August 1. The barges to be constructed are to be 274 feet long, will have a draft of 20 feet six inches, and a deadweight tonnage of 3,750 tons.
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August 11, 1942
Pricing formulas set for shaped wood products
A .maximum price regulation for numerous wood products which are made by turning or shaping lumber to a pattern on a cutting machine—such as tool handles, wagon spokes and tent pins— was announced August 4, by Price Administrator Henderson.
In announcing the measure, titled Maximum Price Regulation No. 196 (Turned or Shaped Wood Products), the Price Administrator stated that it is difficult to price these goods under the general maximum price, regulation since most are produced to nonstandard or special specifications. In addition, some products sold in March, the base pricing period of the general regulation, were produced under long-term contracts entered into long prior to the base period at a price out of line with the general March level.
Products affected
The schedule, effective August 9, applies not only to unfinished and semifinished products, but also to all turned or shaped wood products which are in themselves, finished products—clothespins, darning eggs, rough-turned bowling pin blocks, etc.
In addition, shaped or turned lumber products which are used in the assembly of a finished item are covered by the regulation, although the completed article is not. In other words, a paint brush handle is subject to the pricing formula of the regulation but the complete paint brush is excepted.
All sales and deliveries of shaped or turned lumber products covered by the measure with the exception of sales at retail—which remain governed by the general maximum price regulation—are placed under the regulation.
The formula for manufacturers is based on costs as of March 31, 1942, and the price-determining method used by the individual seller at that date.
The seller is not required to report the maximum price arrived at under the formula to the OPA. However, if the manufacturer subsequently computes a higher price for the produet and the increase is not definitely assignable to a change in specifications or condition of delivery, a report must be filed.
If the manufacturer cannot arrive at a maximum price either under the formula or according to his March list price, the regulation provides that the producer determine a ceiling price and submit it to the OPA for approval or disapproval.
MORE SPECIFIC CEILINGS SET ON LUMBER ITEMS
Dollars and cents maximum prices for additional “recurring special” grades and items of Appalachian hardwood lumber for particular mills were established August 3 in Amendment No. 4 to Maximum Price Regulation No. 146.
Ceiling prices for these recurring special grades and items were computed after the mills filed with the OPA information relating to sales of stock prior to October 15,1941 according to the provisions of the price regulation.
The maximum prices for the special lumber products are for certain designated items produced at particular mills which are specifically named in the amendment. The maximum prices apply to such stock shipped from the named mill to the purchaser regardless of whether the seller is the mill operator or a wholesaler or distributor. The ceiling prices set for the recurring special grades and items apply only to sales of such stock when shipment originates at the mill.
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4 California counties withdrawn from lumber order provisions
The California counties of Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino, and Sonoma have been eliminated from the geographical area covered by Maximum Price Regulation No. 26, Douglas Fir and Other West Coast Lumber, the OPA announced August 6.
This move, contained in Amendment No. 3 to the regulation, was found desirable as the conditions of production in these counties are different than in the sections where Douglas fir is the major item of production.
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Cents-per-yard ceilings set on Army grade cotton drill
Cents-per-yard ceilings for an Army specification of 7 ^-ounce fully shrunk cotton drill were issued Aug. 3 by the OPA in cooperation with the Quartermaster Corps.
These heavy cotton textiles for the Army were brought back under the provisions of Maximum Price Regulation No. 118 (Cotton Products) through the spécifie maximums provided August 3 under Amendment No. 9.
OPA limits base period for Army textiles, apparel ceilings
Price Administrator Henderson, August 3, made clear that transactions to which Maximum Price Regulation No. 157 applies are limited to those directly and immediately related to the present war procurement program of the Nation for textiles, apparel, and similar articles.
‘‘Although excesses in this connection have not been prevalent,” Mr. Henderson said, “extreme instances have come to the Price'Administrator’s attention, such as one-in which the seller attempted to base his maximum price upon the price which he charged for such goods sold for military purposes more than 50 years ago.”
In order to place an effective and reasonable restriction on certain increases in material and labor costs allowed by the regulation on contracts or subcontracts for textiles and apparel with Government war agencies, Amendment No,. 5 to Regulation 157 now limits the base period for determining maximum .prices to the interval between April 1,1941, and March 31, 1942, inclusive.
Amendment No. 5 also excludes from its scope secret or .confidential contracts with a war procurement agency. The amendment became effective August 6.
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Cents-per-pound ceilings set on “free” cotton linters
Cents-per-pound price ceilings which apply to sellers of the Nation’s “free” supply of domestic cotton linters, representing about 75,000 bales of the 1941 crop not allocated to the chemical industry, were authorized August 1 by Price Administrator Henderson.
Maximum price regulation No. 190 (Free Cotton Linters) applies to approximately 20 percent of the 1941 crop which may be sold primarily to the mattress industry for stuffing purposes.
Maximum prices, which became effective August 5, are based on the highest price at which each grade of linters was sold by cottonseed oil mills during March 1942.
The present regulation applies only to the remainder of the 1941 domestic crop unallocated, since WPB has determined that after August 1, all new linters from the crop of 1942 will be allocated to the chemical industry.
August 11, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
23
Canners’ ceilings reduced on standard-quality tomatoes, peas sold to the trade
Price Administrator Henderson August 3 announced a program to facilitate the normal movement of standard-quality canned tomatoes and peas through distributive channels.
To restore normal distribution
He stressed the fact that normal distributive channels for standard-quality canned tomatoes and peas will be restored without necessitating any increase in prices which the ultimate consumer must pay.
Standard-quality tomatoes and peas will be handled through a reduction in prices at the canner level for sales to the trade. The canner’s ceiling, now based on Agriculture’s support price, will be changed to a maximum price determined as in other canned vegetables under the adjustment formula in Maximum Price Regulation No. 152 (Canned Vegetables). This adjustment is expected to approximate 5 to 10 cents per dozen cans for peas and 2 to 4 cents per dozen for tomatoes.
Other provisions
However, it is emphasized that even after the official OPA amendment to Maximum Price Regulation No. 152 has been issued, certified canners of peas and tomatoes only still may continue to sell to the“Department of Agriculture at the higher 95-cents per dozen tomato and $1.10 per dozen pea support prices.
The canner’s ceiling adjustment on standard-quality tomatoes and peas will be affected by rescinding paragraph (e) Section 1341.22 of Maximum Price Regulation No. 152 (Canned Vegetables).
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GMPR to prevail if conflicting with New York liquor law
Price Administrator Henderson announced that in cases where the recently enacted New York State law setting maximum wholesale discounts for liquor came into conflict with the discount provisions of the general maximum price regulation, the requirements of the general regulation must prevail.
Mr. Henderson’s ruling will not itself affect the prices at which liquors and wines are sold to the public in New York but it will prevent increases which might have resulted from the New York law.
CEILING REPORTING CHANGED FOR NEW LINES
Retailers and wholesalers who determine maximum prices under Section 3 (a) of the general maximum price regulation were given a modified form August 3 for reporting these ceilings to the OPA.
Section 3 (a) provides a formula for retailers and wholesalers in cases where neither the seller nor his competitors dealt during March in the article being priced.
Persons using this method must report the action to the nearest district or State OPA office for review. The form for this report appeared originally as Appendix A of the general regulation. The alterations are contained in Amendment No. 19 to the general regulation, effective August 6.
Other provisions
The amendment also adds a requirement that chain stores authorized by the Retail Trade and Services Division of OPA to determine uniform ceiling prices pursuant to Section 3 (a) must report the prices thus established at the place designated in the order authorizing uniform pricing.
★ ★ ★
Retail prices raised on two brands of car tires
Maximum retail prices for two premium brands of passenger car tires made by United States Rubber Company have been increased to bring tliem into line with those established generally for competitive tires, the OPA announced August 3.
Under Amendment No. 4 to Revised Price Schedule No. 63, the ceilings for the “United States Royal Master” and the Fisk “Safti-Flight” will be the consumer list prices for those tires in effect on November 25,1941.
★ ★ ★
Separate fee for paper cups banned unless charged in March
Merchants and others selling beverages in paper cups or paper containers were warned August 2 by the OPA to discontinue the recent practice of charging consumers a separate price for these cups if no charge was made for them during March.
All sales of fat-bearing animal waste put under GMPR
All sales of fat-bearing and oil-bearing animal waste materials, with two exceptions, now will be covered by the general maximum price regulation, Price Administrator Henderson ruled August 4 in Amendment No. 19 to Supplementary Regulation No. 1, effective August 8,1942. Sales of waste materials by the Army and Navy and sales of fallen animals will continue to be free from price control.
Previously, the “universal ceiling” covered sales of fats and oils animal waste materials to industrial consumers, such as renderers, but exempted sales of the same waste materials to independent collectors.
Coincident with the amendment, the Price Administrator issued an order denying in part a protest made by Darling & Co., Chicago renderers, where relief has been granted in part. The concern had asked for removal of the price ceiling on waste animal materials at the industrial consumer level without presenting any evidence to support its objection that regulation of fat-producing waste materials would discourage conservation of such materials and reclamation of fats and oils therefor.
★ ★ ★
Sheep intestines for sutures priced by general regulation
Packing houses selling second cut and stump end of sheep and lamb intestines in an unclean state which did not hqve established prices for this product in March 1942 must determine their maximum prices by the provisions of the general maximum price regulation, OPA pointed out August 5.
Due to the demand for surgical gut sutures, second cut and stump cuts— normally used by packers for processing into sausage casings—are now being sold In an unclean state for manufacture into sutures. In the past, only first cuts of the intestines have been used for this purpose.
★ ★ ★
AJO, ARIZ., has given its sidewalks to the scrap rubber drive. The sidewalks were made of old rubber belting, 36 to 50 inches wide. Ajo collected more than 66,000 pounds of rubber.
24
★ VICTORY ★
August 11, 1942
RATIONING ...
OP A working on universal ration book but only to speed action whenever needed
Rumors that OPA is going to ration certain specific commodities have arisen from that agency’s plans to meet future emergencies with adequate ration machinery, Paul M. O’Leary, deputy administrator in charge of rationing, said August 7-
Rumors unfounded
“Rumors thus started, are not true. A competent discharge of our duties requires that we be ready to meet any emergency as it arises. We launch new rationing programs when the War Production Board finds shortages existing in the supply of the commodity or article affected, and orders us to start rationing. We are the technicians. We’re trying to be ready with the right machinery the minute it is needed.
“We are planning the rationing machinery for many commodities in which there is no present need for rationing,” Mr. O’Leary. “In this respect, we’re like the fire department. It gets its firefighting equipment ahead of time so when the alarm sounds, they don’t have to go shopping for a fire engine in order to go to the fire.”
Advance planning in two directions
The present advance planning goes in two principal directions, Mr. O’Leary said.
“One is the working out of a universal rationing book, which, placed in the hands of every citizen of the country, could be used for the rationing of any commodity or article in which a shortage occurred.
“Such a book is being designed experimentally for the OPA now, and proof copies are being prepared at the Government Printing Office. If it can be made workable, we would have in our hands an instrument that would enable us to start a rationing program almost overnight, instead of having to take 6 to 10 weeks as in the past when we have had to let the emergencies wait while we got scores of millions of coupon books printed.
“In our present planning, this universal rationing book would contain pages of coupons of various numbers and various colors, so that any commodity or article could be put on a direct coupon ration
basis, or so that a whole group of commodities or articles could be lumped into a point-rationing system, so that, for instance three points would buy a handkerchief, and five points, a pair of socks. I use these particular items to illustrate because there is absolutely no thought of rationing them.
“The other important direction of our ration-planning is in organization and personnel.
“We have worked out a tentative organization structure so that new rationing programs can be undertaken with comparative ease and with great speed. This involves training the greatest possible number of our present staff in the rationing programs already under way so that they will be familiar with all problems involved. Thus they may be quickly shifted to a new rationing program.” * ♦ ♦
★ ★ ★
OPA licenses drug and chemical distributors
All distributors selling chemicals or drugs covered by specific price regulations were licensed August 6 by the OPA through Supplementary Order No. 11.
Retailers are excluded from the licensing order, since they are already licensed under the general maximum price regulation. Manufacturers, except those who themselves redistribute or who operate at the distribution level through subsidiaries, affiliates, or branches are excluded. Laboratories operated by nonprofit educational institutions also are excluded.
The order provides that every distributor licensed shall register with the OPA “at such time and in such manner as the Administration may hereafter by regulation prescribe, on forms which will be made available” by OPA. There is no registration requirement at the present time.
Supplementary Order No. 11 supersedes the licensing provisions of the general maximum price regulation, insofar as they apply to distributors of chemicals or drugs licensed by the supplementary order. The supplementary order issued August 6 became effective August 11.
OPA and BLS study problems of distribution as factors in pricing of 98 foods
Distribution factors involved in the wholesale and retail merchandising of the Nation’s 98 most important “cost of living” food commodities will be surveyed in a sample poll of grocer operations to be taken in 56 cities throughout the country, the OPA and the Bureau of Labor Statistics announced August 6 in a joint statement. The survey will include all food products that are most important to the housewife, such as meats, bread and dairy products.
Poll designed to amplify
OPA information
BLS special representatives, Including both men and women, left Washington August 5,1942, to conduct the poll. Their studies will embrace all types of wholesale and retail grocers. Results of the poll are designed primarily to amplify OPA’s existing information on. the price control problems relating to the distribution of food products and is no way concerned with compliance or enforced investigations. The surveys will cover costs, selling prices, gross margins, and total store dollar sales.
Wholesalers to be polled will Include a cross-section from the following types: full-line credit and delivery; full line cash and carry; retail-ovzned cooperative wholesalers; voluntary chain wholesalers; and specialty wholesalers such as those carrying only coffee and tea, or possibly canned goods.
Retailers to be covered by the sample survey will include supermarkets with annual gross sales of more than $250,000; chain stores and independent stores in three classifications—those with annual gross sales below $20,000; those with gross sales of more than $20,000 but less than $50,000; and those with gross volume of over $50,000 but less than $250,000.
★ ★ ★
A NAVY SUBMARINE requires as much lead in its storage batteries as goes into the batteries of 4,600 autos, and uses as much lead for ballast as is used in 3,600 autos—a total of about 450,000 pounds of lead.
August 11, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
25
Government agencies exempt from car quota restrictions
To facilitate purchases of new cars needed by State and local government agencies for replacement of equipment worn beyond the point of efficiency and for additions to their fleets to perform the many new services that have developed as a part of the war effort, the OPA, August 5, announced two changes in its automobile rationing regulations.
One of the revisions exempts from quota restrictions all Federal, State or local government agency applications for cars, so that they no longer will have to compete with applications from individuals where the quota is not large enough¹ to supply both.
Certificate period extended '
The other change made in the regulations extends the valid life of certificates granted to State and local government agencies, to 60 days from 30, to give the agencies time to clear the necessary arrangements for a purchase.
In making the changes in its regulations, OPA took into consideration the wish of many governmental agencies to fill their increasing needs now while the selection is broad enough so that they can get the cars best suited to their purposes. Moreover, governmental applicants, like all others, face rising costs in delaying purchases, because of the provision that a dealer is permitted to increase the price of a car each month by 1 percent of the list price, or $15, whichever is lower.
All the changes are included in Amerid-ment No. 11 to the New Passenger Automobile Rationing Regulations. The effective date * of the amendment was August 8.
★ ★ ★
Traveling salesmen allowed only A and B rations
Gasoline rationing regulations cannot at this time be modified to give salesmen preferred mileage classification in view of the increasingly grave petroleum transportation shortage in the East, the OPA ruled August 2.
Emphasizing that OPA officials have considered problems of traveling salesmen for several months, and will continue to do so, Joel Dean, chief of the fuel rationing division, declared that there is not enough petroleum available in .the eastern rationed area to permit salesmen more than a B ration book in addition to their A book.
this Increase.
NEW CARS FOR SOME
RESEARCH WORKERS
Persons needing new passenger automobiles for experimental purposes related to the war effort or who plan to rebuild them for purposes approved by the OPA have been added to the list of eligibles in the rationing regulations.
For approved uses
These additions are made to provide particularly for the requirements of experimental laboratories that need new cars for use in testing synthetic rubber tires and various automobile body rebuilders who are working on plans to rebuild new passenger cars so that they will carry ten or more passengers.
Release of the few automobiles that will be needed for purposes of this kind will be handled by OPA headquarters in Washington, where applications should be filed.
The provisions are contained in Amendment No. 10 to the New Passenger Automobile Rationing Regulations which became effective August 7.
★ ★ ★
Seven New York counties register for gas rations
Registration for gasoline rations in the seven western New York counties, where' rationing starts on August 22, was scheduled to begin on August 10, the OPA has announced.
On and after that date applications for supplemental rations, as well as for service and fleet rations were to be received at local War Price and Rationing Boards in that area.
The New York counties where rationing will be inaugurated on August 22 are: Monroe, Livingston, Orleans, Genesee, Wyoming, Erie, and Niagara.
★ ★ ★
OPA rejects plea of pleasure boat owners for more gasoline
Appeals by pleasure boat owners in East Coast waters for increased rations of gasoline on the grounds- that their present meager fuel allowances virtually deny them the use of their vessels, were rejected Ai.gust 6 by the fuel rationing division of the OPA. , j
Some industrial users can get sugar by simplified method
A simplified system of issuing Sugar Purchase Certificates to industrial users who make numerous deliveries to certain exempt Government agencies was announced by the OPA in Amendment No. 7 to Rationing Order No. 3.
The OPA suggested to local boards that they accept statements of Certified Public Accountants not affiliated with the applicant’s company in lieu of receipts. Receipts are, of course, still acceptable as evidence of delivery, and such receipts will be required of companies which do not make numerous deliveries to exempt agencies.
★ ★ ★
Landlords seeking adjustments must give tenants 24-hour notice
Operators of hotels and rooming houses filing petitions for adjustments in maximum rents are required to give notice to tenants within 24 hours of filing the petitions, under an amendment to Procedural Regulation No. 3 issued August 4, by Price Administrator Henderson.
The Amendment became effective August 4.
★ ★ ★
Sugar increases extended for industrial users, institutions
Previously announced increases in the sugar allotments of industrial and institutional users for the months 'M: July and August will be extended to cover the allotment period of September and October, the OPA said August 3. •
Authorization for the increases in both allotment periods was contained in Amendment No. 6 to Rationing Order No. 3, issued August 3.
Industrial users will be given a ten percent increase, which will raise their allotment to 80 percent of their sugar base for these four months, while institutional users will be granted a 25 percent increase, boosting their allotment to 75 percent of their base.
Sugar Pui chase Certificates for the additional allotments will be granted the institutional or industrial user when he applies for his regular allotment for the September-October period. Local Boards were authorized to accept applications for this period any time after August 7.
26
★ VICTORY ★
August 11, 1942
LABOR . . .
General pay rise denied 2,750 New Jersey electrical workers, wage formula applied
On the basis of its wage stabilization formula, the National War Labor Board last week denied a general wage increase to 2,750 workers in the Bayonne and Perth Amboy, N. J. plants of the General Cable Co. and the Board’s opinion stated that the formula would add “well under 1% percent to the present national wage bill.” The International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, AFL, which represents the employees, had asked an increase of 10 cents an hour.
The vote of the Board was 7-2. The public and employer members and the AFL member participating in this case constituted the majority. The two CIO members dissented.
Dean Morse explained that the three main points in the Board’s wage stabilization formula, enunciated in the “LittlerSteel” case, had been applied to this case, as follows:
1. Cost of living yardstick:
“The President’s message of April 27, 1941,”-Dean Morse stated, “entrusted the National War Labor Board with the obligation and responsibility of stabilizing wages. The Board sought a stabilization standard which would put an end to the inflationary cycle of wage increases. Its analysis of the reliable wage figures of the Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics showed that from 1937 to January 1, 1941, the national wage and price curves remained by and large on parallel ^levels. However, beginning in January 1941, the price curve shot upward, with the result that by May 1942 there had developed a spread of 15 percent difference between the cost of living as of January 1, 1941, and May 1942.
“During that period of time, workers in many American Industries received wage increases equal to or in excess of the change in cost of living; others received wage increases whieh compensated them for a part of the increase in cost of living; whereas some few American workers in May 1942 found themselves receiving the same wages as of January 1, 1941. Hence, it became clear to the War Labor Board that the beginning of the wage-increase cycle could be fixed at the date of on or about January 1, 1941, and the terminal of the cycle, for wage stabilization purposes, could be fixed as of May 1942 . . .
“Under the terms of the formula any group of workers who seek a general wage increase before the Board such as the workers in the instant case, will not receive any wage increase at all if, between January 1, 1941, and May 1942 they were the recipients of wage increase amounting to 15 percent above their January 1, 1941, wage levels. It is this feature of the Board’s stabilization standard which places a terminal on the race between wages and prices, thereby checking inflation as far as the effects of excess purchasing power caused by general wage increases are concerned.”
In applying the cost of living yardstick to the wages in this case the Board found that th§ workers had received wage increases con-
siderably more than 15 percent from January 1, 1942, to May 1942. Therefore, the Board decided, they were entitled to no further Increases.
2. Elimination of substandards:
In accordance with the President’s message of April 27, the Board is required to “give consideration to . . . the elimination of substandards of living.”
"The Board has made clear,“ Dean Morse’s opinion stated, “that by substandard wages it means wages which do not permit of the maintenance of a standard of living of health and decency. The wages paid the employees
in this case do permit of such a standard of living.”
Dean Morse pointed out that the existing minimum rates for male employees at the Bayonne plant are 78 cents an hour and 60 cents an hour for women, and 72 cents an hour for men and 54 cents an hour for women at the Perth Amboy plant. “Such rates of pay,” he concluded, “do not entitle the union to an increase in pay under the principle of the War Labor Board’s wage stabilization program . . .”
3. Elimination of inequalities:
In his message to Congress the President told the Board to “continue to give due consideration to Inequalities”. Applying that principle to the demands of the union in this case, Dean Morse quoted the following excerpt from the panel’s unanimous report to the Board:
“The panel finds that the average weekly take-home pay of $46.25 for male and $30.72 for female employees at Bayonne, and $48.86 and $30.88 for Perth Amboy, compare favorably with comparable figures for other industries in the area and for other wire and cable concerns. No. inequalities can be found to exist, nor has the union raised the question of possible inequalities within the plants themselves."
“The Board is satisfied,” Dean Morse concluded, “that the panel’s finding is a sound one on this point. Therefore, the Board denies a general wage Increase to the employees involved in this case on each of the three major criteria of the wage stabilization formula laid down in the ‘Little Steel’ case . . .”
The majority of the Board voting for the decision consisted of Dr. George W. Taylor, vice chairman, Frank P. Graham, and Wayne L. Morse, representing the public; Roger D. Lapham, Cyrus Ching, and H. B. Horton, representing employers, and Robert J. Watt, representing labor. Those dissenting were Thomas Kennedy and Emil Rieve, representing labor.
The Board’s decision accepted the unanimous recommendation of the panel in this case, which was composed of Vernon Jensen, F. A. Davip, and Fred Hewitt.
Detroit & Cleveland Navigation Co.
The Board last week also ordered an increase of 2^ cents an hour in the wages of 550 employees of the Detroit & Cleveland Navigation .Co., Detroit, Mich., in order to bring their wages up to the 15-percent increase in the cost of living between January 1, 1941, and May 1942. The Board also rejected the request of the International Longshoremen’s Association, AFL, which represents the employees, for pay between June 1 and June 5 when the employees were on strike.
August 11, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
27
Labor policy committee given broad powers in realigned Labor Production Division
A realignment of the functions and staff of WPB’s Labor Production Division has been virtually completed, Division Director Wendell Lund reported August 5.
Thé major change since the former Labor Division was reorganized by Executive order into the Labor Production Division is the creation of a new “Labor Policy Committee,” with wide authority over the Division’s policy.
The Associate Directors of the Division, representing the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations respectively, sit with the Labor Policy Committee and assume responsibility for the development of programs and the direction of activities affecting the participation of their organizations in the war production effort.
' New functions and staff described
Mr. Lund made public a new description of the Division’s functions, and the names of the staff, most of whom have been given new assignments.
The statement follows:
“The Labor Production Division supplanted the Labor Division April 18,1942. The Division is responsible for those aspects of the War Production Board’s program and policy which affect the interest and cooperation of labor in the war effort and its most effective participation in war production. In fulfilling this responsibility, the Division promotes improved relations between labor and management in the interests of maximum war production; helps establish and maintain relations between labor organizations and the various units of the War Production Board on all production matters affecting labor, and provides for the representation of labor in the activities of the War Production Board by securing representatives of organized labor to advise the various units of the Board on all such matters; analyzes and submits to the Chairman of the War Production Board and other authorities labor’s suggestions for the conservation of industrial resources and the proposals of labor for increasing the production of war material and equipment, and in general serves as the agency through which labor is represented in the councils of the War Production Board.”
In performing the above functions, the Division assists in the operations of joint labor-management committees in the War Production Drive, and promotes
through established collective bargaining processes, the stabilization of wages, hours, and working conditions in the construction and shipbuilding industries, and such other industries or areas as may be determined.
The Director of the Labor Production Division, in accordance with appointments made pursuant to Section 1 of Executive Order No. 9139, dated April 18, 1942, is a member of the War Manpower Commission.
Reorganized staff
WENDELL LUND, DIRECTOR.
LABOR POLICY COMMITTEE:
American Federation of Labor—Frank Fenton, John P. Frey, George Masterton. Congress of Industrial Organizations—Clinton S. Golden, John Green, Walter P. Reuther.
Joseph D. Keenan, Associate Director. Philip J. Clowes, Associate Director. George W. Brooks, Executive Assistant. Louis K. Comstock, Chairman, Building Trades Stabilization Board of Review. Edward F. Prichard, Legal Adviser. Lt. Ralph Hetzel, Consultant on Manpower. Herbert Harris, Consultant on Industrial Health and Safety. W. Ellison Chalmers, Acting Chief, War Production Drive Branch, John W. Nickerson, Chief Management Consultant Service. Paul R., Porter, Chief, Stabilization Branch. Richard A. Lester, Chief, Industry Consultant Branch. J. Clayton Miller, Administrative Officer. Robert T. Amis, Coordinator of Field Operations.
U. S. arranges with government of Mexico to import seasonal farm workers
The Governments of the United States and Mexico have concluded an arrangement making possible temporary migration of Mexican farm workers into the United States to help meet the farm labor shortage, especially in the Southwest.
The arrangement with the Government of Mexico was made by the State Department at the request of the Department of Agriculture, the War Manpower Commission and other interested United States Government agencies. They found that enrollment of men in the Armed Services, the movement of farm workers into industry and the Government’s program to increase agricultural production to meet wartime needs, Vere . causing a shortage of agricultural labor which could not be met by the recruiting of workers in the United States.
The arrangement provides guaranties for the Mexican workers as to wage rates, . living conditions, and repatriation and guarantees for American farm workers
WAR EFFORT INDICES
MANPOWER
National labor force, July_____ 56,800,000
Unemployed, July_______________ 2, 800, 000
Nonagricultural workers, June_____41,415,000 Percent Increase since June 1940-_**15
Farm employment, July 1, 1942_____ 12,009,000 Percent decrease since June 1940__**1
FINANCE In mUlions
of dollars
Authorized program June 1940-July
1942_____________________________ *214,542
Airplanes._______________________ 45, 500
Ordnance_________________________ 45,053
Miscellaneous munitions__________ 32, 658
Naval ships______________________ 18,460
Industrial facilities____________ 17, 601
Posts, depots, etc_______________ 15, 534
Pay, subsistence, travel for the armed forces________________ 14,916
Merchant ships______________ 8,494
Stockpile, food exports__________ 4,851
Housing__________________________ 1,392
Miscellaneous____________________ 10, 083
Total expenditures, June 1940-July 1942 ____________________________ *39,559
June 191/0—June 191/2
Authorized program_______________ *170, 288
Contracts and other commitments. *129,998
Expenditures___. —-------—------- *34, 765
Sales of War Bonds—
Cumulative May 1941-July 1942- 7, 558
July 1942________________________ 901
PLANT EXPANSION
June 191/0 to latest reporting date
Gov. commitments for war plant expansion; 1,887 projects, June 30. 13, 524
Private commitments for war plant expansion; 8,686 projects, June 30. 2,996
•Preliminary.
* »Adjusted for seasonal variations.
against reductions in prevailing rates of pay or their displacement by foreign labor.
Mexican workers will come into the United States only when domestic labor is not available to meet the demand. Each worker will enter only on written contract providing that he be paid the prevailing wage rate, with a minimum of 30 cents an hour, that he be employed at least three-quarters of the time he remains in the area, and that he will return to Mexico upon conclusion of the contract. His transportation from his home to United States employment centers and return will be paid and he will not be subject to compulsory military service in United States Armed Forces. The arrangement for temporary admission of these workers will be administered as part of a joint program of the Department of Agriculture and War Manpower Commission toward relieving the shortage of seasonal Jann labor.
28
★ VICTORY ★
August 11, 1942
President warns East Coast fuel oil users to face facts
President Roosevelt August 1 endorsed the campaign by Government and industry to acquaint East Coast householders with the seriousness of the fuel oil situation.
Goal is conversion
The goal of the campaign is the conversion of oil burners to the use of coal or other substitute fuels wherever possible; and the institution of conservation measures in homes where conversion is impossible.
The program is being conducted by the Office of Petroleum Coordinator for War, with the cooperation of WPB, the Solid • Fuels Administration, and the oil, coal and Seating industries.
The President’s message was directed to Petroleum Coordinator for War Harold L. Ickes. It read:
Jones announces plan to convert steel barges into river fleet of oil tankers
Secretary of Commerce Jones August 1 announced that Defense Plant Corporation, in cooperation with the Army Corps of Engineers, Office of Defense Transportation, Inland Waterways Corporation, and Smaller War Plants Corporation, has agreed to finance a conversion and construction program designed to provide additional barge facilities for the transportation of oil while maintaining and improving existing inland waterways transportation.
The plan calls for the conversion of existing steel dry-cargo barges into tank barges. Inland Waterways Corporation and privately owned carriers are expected to furnish the steel barges for conversion.
Inland Waterways Corporation, as agent for Defense Plant Corporation, will undertake the necessary construction work on the conversion of dry-cargo barges, the building of wooden dry-cargo barges to replace the steel barges converted, and the river towboats. The Chief of the Army Engineers, also as agent for Defense Plant Corporation, will build the tugboats and wooden tanker barges.
I earnestly hope that every citizen will realize the serious uncertainties which cloud our prospects for petroleum supplies on the Atlantic seaboard next winter. Whatever action he may decide to take, every user of fuel and heating oil should face realistically the fact that there can be no guarantee that he will get enough oil to meet even his minimum needs.
Ickes comments
Coordinator Ickes forwarded this message to all sellers of fuel and heating oils in the Eastern States in a letter which contained this statement:
“If, during January and February 1943, every truck, bus, taxicab, and passenger car in the Atlantic Seaboard States were taken off the highways, our pipeline, tank car, and barge facilities still could not meet your normal fuel and heating oil requirements.”
It is planned to utilize all available facilities, including those of the Corps of Engineers, for the conversion and construction programs. Privately owned ship and boat yards, as well as others equipped to convert steel barges to tank-, ers, build wooden barges or towboats without delay, will be asked to submit proposals on the work contemplated. “
Smaller War Plants Corporation has agreed to assist in locating and bringing into the program available shipyards and manufacturing plants in the Gulf Coast, Mississippi, and Great Lakes regions for the new construction. -
River fleet under ODT control
After the conversion is accomplished and the new construction completed, the Defense Plant Corporation will charter all such equipment to various water carriers as directed by the ODT. The rates and conditions of charter will be determined mutually between the ODT, Defense Plant Corporation, and carriers involved. The entire use of the river fleet of oil carriers covered by the program will be under the direct control of the ODT and the various units thereof will be allocated to the carriers, as determined by that agency.
Ickes asks speed-up of oil tank car shipments to East
The following actions were taken August 3 by the Office of Petroleum Coordinator for War Ickes:
First. Telegrams were sent to representatives of the petroleum industry in the Middle West, South West, and Rocky Mountain States, and to the four' principal tank car companies; calling upon them to make 5,000 additional-tank cars available for service to the Atlantic seaboard.
Second. The eastern oil companies were notified that the Office of Petroleum Coordinator expects a substantial and immediate increase in overland shipments as the result of the agreement by Federal Loan Administrator Jesse H. Jones to absorb the excess costs of these overland shipments, and also the extra cost of petroleum products purchased in the Middle West as compared with those bought on the Gulf Coast, which extra cost has not been previously absorbed through any agreement with the Government.
Oil companies now using 62,000 tank cars
The oil companies are already using an estimated 62,000 tank cars—more than half of all the tank cars in petroleum service in the country—to bring oil from the producing areas to the East; and, only last week, achieved the recordbreaking movement of 800,100 barrels daily. It has been believed until recently that this was very nearly as many cars as the railroads would be able to handle.
★ ★ ★
Pipe laying begun for Texas-Illinois oil line
Actual laying of pipe for the big 24-inch line from Texas to Illinois, which will help supply the East Coast’s essential petroleum requirements next winter, was to get under way last week in the Southwest, it was announced August 3 by Petroleum Coordinator for War Ickes.
Information to this effect was received in the Office of Petroleum Coordinator from B. E. Hull, vice president and general manager of War Emergency Pipelines, Inc., which is supervising the building of the emergency line for the Government. When completed in December, the line will deliver 300,000 barrels of East Texas crude oil each day in Illinois for transshipment eastward by railroad tank car, river barge, and pipe line.
August 11, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
29
Schools must adopt new “yardstick” plan to get buses
A plan of the National Council of Chief State School Officers for conserving school buses will be the “yardstick” by which new vehicles will be allocated to school districts by the ODT.
Formally endorsed by ODT Director Eastman, the plan calls for reorganization of all school bus routes, where needed, to eliminate duplications, less-than-capacity loads, and unnnecessary trips.
Applications for new equipment previously on file with the allocation section of ODT’s motor transport division have been returned, and new applications must be channeled through the various state school heads, who will determine if the request is justified under the Council’s program.
6-point “yardstick”
Specific* recommendations which schools must adopt to meet the new “yardstick” requirements include:
1. Transportation should not be provided for pupils who have less than two miles to. walk Exceptions may be made for physically handicapped children, those who would be subjected to extreme danger or physical hardships because of unusual local conditions, and pupils who would be required to leave home at an unduly early hour and return after dark.
2. Transportation should not be provided for pupils who live in areas served by public carrier routes.
3. Use of school buses should be limited to carrying pupils to and from school or projects which are a necessary part of the school program. This would eliminate the use of buses for trips to such events as athletic and music contests.
4. Staggering of hours for opening and closing of schools in a given area so that buses could serve two or more schools on one trip. Thus a bus might carry pupils for an elementary school and also for a high school which would not be reached until later.
5. Permission for pupils to stand in buses where safety is not endangered.
6. Reduction of the number of stops to a minimum.
★ ★ ★
Midwest bus lines to coordinate services
Two special orders directing bus lines to coordinate operations as a conservation measure were issued August 5 by the ODT.
Special Order No. B-ll affects carriers operating between Chicago and Peoria, Ill., and St. Louis; Special Order No. B-12 involves carriers operating between Tulsa, Okla., and Dallas, Tex.
APPOINTMENTS
Appointment of Guy Kelcey, of Westfield, N. J., as assistant director of the ODT local transport division, was one of the several additions to the personnel of the division announced August 3 by ODT Director Eastman.
Others whose appointments were announced are: Ernst Jacobson, of Chicago, analyst; John A. Renshaw, of Philadelphia, transportation engineer; William H. Ahearn, of New York, transportation engineer; Marc Haas, of New York, analyst; Charles W. Ricker, Jr., of Cleveland, equipment analyst.
Four additional appointments to the staff of the Office of Defense Transportation were announced August 6 by ODT Director Eastman.
James R. Sloane, of New York City, was made chief of the raw materials section in the division of storage. The new section is designed to cooperate with all Government agencies on matters concerning the storage of liquids and other raw materials.
Louis B. Beardslee, Jr., of Evanston, Ill., was named assistant chief of the real estate procurement section in the division of storage.
Charles M. Moore, of East Orange, N. J., was named deputy associate director in charge of the coordination of marine railway facilities in the division of railway transport with offices in New York City.
Ernest A. O’Donnell, of Las Vegas, Nev., was appointed supervisor of rail terminals at Los Angeles, Calif., on the field staff of the division of railway transport.
★ ★ ★
Smaller oil producers may be included in solid-train plan
With two-thirds of all oil products consigned to eastern destinations now moving in solid-train lots from the southwestern fields, the ODT is taking immediate steps to include shipments from smaller producers in the solid-train plan.
At a meeting scheduled to be held in Dallas, Tex., August 6, the ODT was to bring together representatives of the oil industry, the Association of American Railroads, and the interested railroads, and plans were to be worked out to enable the producers of small lots to concentrate their cars at designated terminals for inclusion in trains of 60 cars or more for a single eastern destination.
Manpower shortages in trucking industry discussed
Ways and means of coping with growing manpower shortages in the trucking industry were discussed August 3 at a conference between representatives of the industry and Otto S. Beyer, director of the ODT division of transport personnel.
Mr. Beyer recommended that labormanagement committees be established throughout the industry, not merely to work but programs for preventive maintenance for trucks, as already urged by the ODT, but to discuss any problems growing out of the war where employee suggestions would be of use.
It was suggested at the conference that personnel requirements could be met to a considerable extent by training women as electrical repair workers, rate clerks, claim investigators, building clerks, accountants, stock clerks, and others.
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Ceilings postponed on tank truck hauls
In order to help obtain additional truck facilities for transporting petroleum products, the OPA, August 1, extended from August 1 to September 1, the effective date for price ceilings on transportation by tank trucks other than common carriers.
The postponement was made at the request of ODT Director Eastman, who, to relieve pressure on railroads, has prohibited use of railroad tank cars on hauls of less than 100 miles without special permission.
The postponement is contained in Amendment 5 to Supplementary Regulation No. 11 under the general maximum price regulation.
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Rules relaxed for trucks carrying exposed film
Trucks operated by common carriers in over-the-road transportation of exposed moving picture film were relieved August 1 from certain provisions of the ODT’s General Order No. 3.
Under General Permit ODT No. 3-3, such trucks are not required to carry capacity loads, they need not register their trucks with joint information offices or check with other carriers before traveling empty or partially loaded, and they may operate over circuitous routes if necessary.
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★ VICTORY ★
August 11, 1942
LIGHT OF THE WORLD
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Drawn for Office of War Information
Cartoon by Elderman for VICTORY. Mats in two- and three-column size are available for publication. Requests should be addressed to the Distribution Section, Office of War Information, Washington, D. C. Please refer to V-106.
Teachers needed in physics, mathematics, says McNutt
Pointing to serious shortages of physics and mathematics teachers, Paul V. McNutt, War Manpower Commission chairman, August 3 urged present and prospective teachers to enroll in tuition-free, short-term teaching courses set up in 200 colleges and universities under the
war program of the U. 8. Office of Education.
“Physics and mathematics are basic needs for effective use and designing of the highly technical implements of modern war,” Mr. McNutt said.
Summer courses are being offered under ' the Engineering, Science, and Management War Training program sponsored by the U. S. Office of Education.
Pacific Coast dimout shows how organized civilian groups can aid military—Landis ' 3
Commenting on the light control and dimout proclamation just issued by Lt. Gen. John L. DeWitt for the Pacific Coast area, OCD Director Landis August 5 issued the following statement:
“The proclamation issued today by General DeWitt extinguishing and controlling lighting in the critical areas along the Pacific Coast designates the Civilian Defense Board of the Ninth Civilian Defense Region as the primary agency to bring about the realization of this extensive plan.
“This action is illustrative of the manner in which organized civilian protec-. tion can be of service to the Army in advising and making effective measures which call for conformity of action by masses of people. Control of light in the critical areas of the Pacific Coast has been the subject of study by the Office of Civilian Defense for the Ninth Region for some months, assisted by military and naval authorities. Based upon these studies, regulations and plans for effecting the dimout for protection against enemy submarines and for restricting lighting generally in the critical interior zone to protect against any form of enemy attack were submitted to the Western Defense Command. The proclamation of the Commanding General followed today.”
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New training centers for nurses to be established in U. S.
Plans for using the current $3,500,000 appropriation for nursing education, which is administered by the U. S. Public Health Service, were announced August 6 by Federal Security Administrator Paul V. McNutt, Director of Defense Health and Welfare Services.
Mr. McNutt explained that, in addition to the expansion of present facilities for nursing education, new training centers will be established in strategic areas throughout the country in connection with colleges and universities, where centralized teaching programs can be developed.
August 11, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
31
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32
★ VICTORY ★
August 11, 1942
What we are fighting for---- THE FOUR FREEDOMS
Freedom of Speech
Freedom of Religion
Freedom From Want
Freedom From Fear
Illustration! fron the OKI pamphlet “The four freedoms*
One year old:
THE ATLANTIC CHARTER
A year ago. August 14, 1941, President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Churchill met aboard a battleship somewhere in the Atlantic and agreed to the charter which since has become the battle creed of the United Nations:
FIRST, Their countries seek no aggrandizement, territorial or other;
Mi
SECOND, They desire to see no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned; .
THIRD, They respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live; and they wish to see sovereign rights and self-government restored to those who have been forcibly deprived of them;
FOURTH, They will endeavor, with due respect for their existing obligations, to further the enjoyment by all States, great or small, victor or vanquished, of access, on equal terms, to the trade and to the raw materials of the world which are needed for their economic prosperity;
FIFTH, They desire to bring about the fullest collaboration between all nations in the economic field with the object of securing, for all, improved labor standards, economic adjustment and social security;
SIXTH, After the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny, they hope to see established a peace which will afford to all nations the means of dwelling in safety within their own boundaries, and which will afford assurance that all the men in all the lands may live out their lives in freedom from fear and want;
SEVENTH, Such a peace should enable ail men to traverse the high seas and oceans without hindrance;
EIGHTH, They believe th&t all of the nations of the world, for realistic as well as spiritual reasons, must come to the abandonment of the use of force. Since no future peace can be maintained if land, sea, or air armaments continue to be employed by nations which threaten, or may threaten, aggression outside of their frontiers, they believe, pending the establishment of a wider and permanent system of general security, that the disarmament of such nations is essential. They will likewise aid and encourage all other practicable measures which will lighten for peace-loving peoples the crushing burden of armaments.
Discussion of peace aims a powerful weapon, Davis says in releasing OWI booklet
Full discussion of United Nations’ peace aims is a powerful weapon in the winning of the war, Elmer Davis, Director of the Office of War Information, said August 9 in releasing a pamphlet entitled “The Four Freedoms.”
Issued during the anniversary week of the signing of the Atlantic Charter, the pamphlet clarifies the essential freedoms for which the United Nations fight.
(Copies of “The Four Freedoms” may be had by addressing the Office of War Information. Publishers can get mats of the illustration on this page from the Distribution Section, OWI, Washington, D. C.)
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AND LIFE GOES ON ...
Although metal toys may no longer be produced, the toys that are being manufactured out of wood, cardboard, and other less critical materials, will be brightly colored.
This is made possible through Amendment No. 2 to L-81, issued August 8, eliminating from the toy order the previous restrictions on the use of a large number of pigments, oils, and other materials used in paints and varnishes.
It was explained that the restrictions are no longer necessary, as sufficient supplies of pigment for the purpose are available.
♦ ♦ *
IRA GOULD, 80-year-old Bone Gap (Hl.) farmer, celebrated his fifty-sixth wedding anniversary by collecting 2,380 pounds of scrap metal.